Month: May 2012

No. 313,694 – Joiner’s Plane (William Tidgewell) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”387″]313694

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM TIDGEWELL, OF MIDDLETOWN, ASSIGNOR TO THE MERIDEN MALLEABLE IRON COMPANY, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,694, dated March 10, 1885.
Application filed February 2, 1885. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM TIDGEWELL, of Middletown, in the county ot’ Midellesex and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 2, an underside view of the stock; Fig. 3, a transverse section through the stock, looking on the face ofthe bearing D.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of joiners’ planes in which the stock is made from cast metal, and in which the cutter is made adjustable by mechanical appliances. In the usual construction of these planes the cutter takes a bearing upon the stock at the mouth, the bearing extending up a considerable distance on the back of the cutter.

This bearing-surface is usually smooth and the cutter fits close upon it. The result of this bearing is to create a very great friction between it and the cutter, owing to the pressure which is brought upon the cutter at the bearing in the clamping operation, so that when the cutter is so clamped a very considerable force is necessary to be applied to the adjusting device to move the cutter.

The object of my invention is to diminish this friction while still retaining practically the same extent of bearing; and it consists in grooving the face of the bearing so as to form a series of ribs upon which the cutter will rest, the bearing-surface being reduced to the extent of the area of the spaces between the ribs, as more fully hereinafter described.

A represents the stock, made from cast-iron, and provided with the usual handle, B. C is the mouth; D, the bearing directly in rear and above the month, upon which the lower portion of the cutter E rests; F, the clamp applied in the usual manner for binding the cutter upon its seat D; G, the movable bed to which the cutter is also clamped; H, the adjusting device applied to the bed or slide G, and by which said slide and cutter are moved to adjust the cutter.

The clamping device, bed, and adjusting device may be any of the known constructions.

The face of the bearing D, instead of being made flat, is corrugated, as seen in Fig. 3, so as to form a series of ribs, a a, more or less in number, these ribs forming a series of narrow bearings, upon which the cutter will rest and its proper position be insured, yet over which it will easily move under the action of the adjusting devices.

As here represented, the area of all the ribs amounts to about one-third of the area of the bearing. The friction therefore is reduced accordingly; but still the same firm support is given to the cutter. These grooves should terminate near the bottom surface of the stock, or at about where the bevel at the edge ofthe cutter begins, as seen in Figs. 1 and 3. These grooves may be formed in casting, the ribs subsequently dressed to finish the bearing for the cutter.

In the illustration I have shown a construction of plane which permits of but a short bearing for the lower end of the cutter; but in other well-known constructions the extent of bearing is very much greater, even to forming the entire support for the cutter. The advantages of my invention increase as the extent of the bearing increases.

I claim —

In a joiner’s plane in which the stock is of cast metal, and in which the cutter is made adjustable, the bearing, D in the rear of the mouth, and which supports the cutter, constructed to form a series of ribs upon its face, and upon which ribs the cutter will rest, substantially as described.

WILLIAM TIDGEWELL.

Witnesses:
GEO. W. SMITH,
ELI I. MERRIMAN.

No. 313,617 – Tool For Making Beadings Or Moldings (Lawrence V. Poole And Orlando E. Williams) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”386″]313617

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LAWRENCE V. POOLE AND ORLANDO E. WILLIAMS, OF WINDSOR, VERMONT.

TOOL FOR MAKING BEADINGS OR MOLDINGS.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,617, dated March 10, 1885.
Application filed November 28, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, LAWRENCE V. POOLE and ORLANDO E. WILLIAMS, citizens of the United States, residing at Windsor, in the county of Windsor and State of Vermont, have invented a new and useful Tool for Making Beadings or Moldings, and that, according to our knowledge and belief, the same has not been in public use or on sale in the United States for more than two years prior to this application, and that the following is a specification thereof.

The objects of our invention are, first, to provide a means for making beadings or moldings on wood or other materials of different shapes and sizes with the same tool; second, to provide facilities for the proper adjustment and manipulation of the cutting-plate by which the beadings or moldings are formed. Work can be done with this tool, which now requires an expensive set of planes, and beadings or moldings can easily be fornied on irregular surfaces where it is not practicable to do such work with the planes now used for such purposes. We attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a view in elevation of the tool ready for use. Fig. 2 is a section of the tool on the line a a, showing its parts. Fig. 3 is a view of the washer shown at C. Fig. 4 is a view of the screw shown at D. Fig. 5 is a view of the nut shown at E.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

A A is a handle or stock, made of wood or metal, and which may be made to be used with one hand or both, to which the cutting-plate B is attached by the screw D, nut E, and washer C.

A’ is a notch or recess in the body of the stock A A, to which the form of cutter desired to be used is turned when the tool is used.

B B is a cutting-plate, made of metal, which may be round, square, or many~sided, as desired, by which the beadings or moldings are formed, the various shapes of beadings or moldings desired being cut into the edge of the plate, as shown at the points marked X.

C is a washer, of metal, placed between the nut E and plate B,for the purpose of giving a firm bearing on the plate B. This washer may be dispensed with, if desired, and the bearing made directly by the thumb-screw E.

D is a screw passing through the handle A A, plate B, and washer C into the nut E.

E is a nut working on the screw D, by which the plate B is held in the position desired.

The tool is used in much the same manner as an ordinary shave or scraper; the form on the plate B which it is desired to make, having been placed in position at the recess A’, is pressed firmly onto the wood or metal where the bead or molding is desired, and worked back and forth till the bead or molding is cut to the desired depth.

We are aware that prior to our invention beadings or moldings have been cut by plates of metal in the edge of which the shape desired had been cut; and we do not therefore claim broadly the invention of that manner of making beadings or moldings; but

What we do claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

I. ln a hand-beader, the tool-stock perforated centrally for a screw-clamp, having the tool-seat around said perforation, and provided with an angular recess, A’, the latter arranged in a plane at right angles to the plane of the seat, as shown, and for the purpose described.

2. A hand-beader having two diametrically-opposite handles, an intermediate centrally-perforated stock provided with recess A’, and a suitable screw-clamp, the tool-seat being arranged around said perforation, as shown, and for the purpose set forth.

LAWRENOE V. POOLE.
ORLANDO E. WILLIAMS.

Witnesses:
URIEL L. COMINGS,
WM. BATCHELDER.

No. 313,540 – Bench-Plane (Roscoe S. Sheldon) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”385″]313540

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ROSCOE S. SHELDON, OF NORTH GREENFIELD, WISCONSIN.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,540, dated March 10, 1885.
Application filed June 5, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROSCOE S. SHELDON, of North Greenfield, in the county of Milwaukee, and in the State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Tools for Carpenters’ Use; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to combined tools for carpenters’ use; and it consists in peculiarities of construction, as will be more fully described hereinafter.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view showing my combined device. Fig. 2 is an elevation showing the opposite side of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the device on line x x of Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a perspective view of part of the plane-stock, showing the bit attachment. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of my improved plane-bit, and Fig. 6 is a like view of the slitting-tool holder.

The object of my invention is to produce a device equally well adapted to be used either as a grooving-plane or as a slitting-tool. I have also provided means whereby the same may he readily connected with a framing gage or guide; and to better adapt the plane for grooving across the grain of the wood and facilitate its passage in knotty lumber, I propose to make the plane-bit with cutting-spurs extending on each side and at right angles to the beveled rear face. These spurs thus project below the cutting-edge of the bit when this latter is fastened in place, and are adapted to cut deeper in the wood. With this construction, when the plane is used for grooving across the grain of the wood or in knotty lumber, besides the tool being handled with much greater ease, the grooves are cut with absolutely clean edges, which cannot be depended upon with ordinary plane-bits in like cases; but the bit herein shown and described I do not specifically and independently claim, and may use any bit which will cut a groove with clean edges.

A is the stock of my plane. B is the plane-bit, and C is the fastening-plate for the bit. The cutting-edge of the plane-bit is formed by beveling its rear face at b, except at the sides, which are left intact, but sharpened to form the cutting-spurs b b’. The rear edges of these spurs may, however, be rounded or cut on the same incline as that of the rear beveled face of the bit. The upper end of the plane-bit is beveled on the sides from rear to front, as shown at b2 b2 and the inner half of this dovetail-shaped end is received in the correspondingly-shaped groove or side of the throat a, formed in the front side of the stock A on the usual incline, being inserted from above in the usual manner of inserting plane-bits in general, when it is secured in place as follows: The fastening-plate C has a beveled notch, c, on its inclined front edge, to correspond with and clasp the outer beveled edge of the bit. The inner face of the plate C is beveled at c’ from its rear edge inward toward the notched front edge. This is done to allow for the play of the tightening-screw c2, the threaded end of which screws in a suitable threaded perforation of the stock A.

D is the slitting-disk, which I propose to mount in the grooving-plane stock, and which can be used therewith after the grooving-bit has been taken off. This disk, which is made of any suitable diameter and with a sharp edge, bears loosely on the threaded sleeve d, and the outer end of this sleeve fits in the perforation d’ of the supporting-plate D’. The stock-fence A is correspondingly perforated to receive the flat-headed bolt d2, the threaded end of which works in the threaded sleeve d. The support-plate D’ is provided on its inner face with the flanges d3 d4, on which it rests against the stock. These flanges are made of sufficient thickness to allow the slitting-disk D to freely rotate on its bearings. On the opposite side of the stock A a rectangular notch, a’, is formed, and a plate, a2, fastened onto the rear face of the plane-stock, covers the notch and forms a slot therewith. This closing-plate a2 is made so as to project a certain distance above the upper face ofthe stock, and is designed to act as a guide for the plane and enable it to move up or down along the vertical end ofthe angle-iron e. This latter forms a part of my improved joiner’s gage, and is suitably fastened in the under face of the graduated bar E of the same, sufficient space being left between the inner face of the angle-iron and the square end of the gage-bar to allow the guide-plate at to freely slide therein. It will also be observed that in order to enable the operator to give to the plane the rocking motion it requires the notch a’, formed in the rear face of the stock, is cut wider than the width of the angle-iron e. The gage is provided with the ordinary cross-head, E’, and adjusting-key e’. The cross-head E’ has also the usual flange, e2, formed on its under face; but in order to facilitate the handling of the tool in all kinds of work, I provide the detachable sole E2. This is made of the same thickness as that of the flange e2, and is held in place against the said flange when ordinary grooving is to be done, its inner edge being moved along the edge of the lumber, the same as the flange e2 is in the ordinary way of using the framing-gage. When, however, grooves have to be made across the grain of the wood and at any part of the board farther from this latter’s ends than can be reached with the gage in the ordinary manner, the sole E2 is then detached and fastened to the board in line with the projected groove. The flange e2 of the cross-head is then moved along the outer edge of the sole. In both cases, however, the operation of the grooving-plane is the same, as is readily understood from the above description and the accompanying drawings. As the cutting-edges of the bit penetrate the wood the plane is gradually lowered along the angle-iron e of the gage until the lower face of the stock rests against the upper face of the board or lumber. Obviously the gage can be used also with the slitting-tool in exactly the same manner.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a combined wood-working tool, in combination with the stock A, having notch a’ and guide~plate a2, the gage-bar E, having angle-iron e, and the cross-head E’, having detachable sole E2, substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a grooving-plane, in combination with the stock A, having the throat a, with beveled side, and plate C, having the beveled notch c and beveled inner face, c’, with tightening-screw c2, the bit B, having beveled edges b2 b2, substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a combined wood-working tool, in combination with the stock A, having a bearing for the bolt d2, the sleeve d, and supporting-plate D’, having flanges d3 d4, substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand, at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, in the presence of two witnesses.

ROSCOE S. SHELDON.

Witnesses:
H. G. UNDERWOOD,
H. J. FORSYTHE.

No. 313,195 – Plane For Picture-Moldings (Edward L. Gaylord) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”384″]313195

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDWARD L. GAYLORD, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE FOR PICTURE-MOLDINGS.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,195, dated March 3, 1885.
Application filed September 3, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD L. GAYLORD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bridgeport, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes for Picture-Moldings; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to certain novel and useful improvements in planes for picture-moldings, and has for its object to provide a device of this description which will accommodate and plane stock of any thickness and give to it any desired contour; and with these ends in view my invention consists in the details of construction and combination of elements hereinafter fully and in detail explained, and then specifically designated by the claims.

In order that those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains may more fully understand its construction and operation, I will proceed to describe the same in detail, referring by letter to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my improved plane; and Fig. 2, a vertical section of the plane at the line x x of Fig. 1, and showing the handle and iron in elevation.

Similar letters denote like parts in both figures of the drawings.

A is the stock, constructed as in ordinary planes of this description; and B is the iron, secured to its bed by bolt C, also as in ordinary planes. The sole J is conformed to the contour of the cut made by the iron.

D is the guide, which at its bearing-surface on the sole conforms to the latter in shape. It is provided with slots E, through which bolts F pass and secure it to the stock.

Between the sole of the plane and the surface of the guide which rests thereon is clamped a thin metal strip, H, which extends outward over the cutting-edge of the iron and prevents the latter from gouging or cutting the edge of the stock next the gage. The purpose of the strip H is to preserve the edge of the material intact and to make the iron cut up to that edge.

G are washers strung upon bolts F, and which are inserted or omitted, as the guide is required to extend less or more upon the surface of the sole. By inserting more washers stock of greater thickness may be accommodated, and by omitting them the plane will be adapted to thinner stock, while in both instances the shape of the planed surface will conform to the curvature of the cutting edge of the iron.

In my invention I do not wish to be understood as claiming, broadly, the application to a plane of a guide, for that I know to be old. The gist of my invention rests in the idea of applying to a molding-plane for frame-makers’ use a device whereby the capacity of the plane for thickness of stock may be diminished or increased, while at the same time the edge of the material and the curvature indicated by the contour of the plane-sole will be preserved in the finished surface.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with a plane of the character described, of a guide extending more or less over the plane-sole, and a metal strip extending along the cutting-edge of the iron next the gage, whereby stock of greater or less thickness may be accommodated and planed and the edge preserved intact, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of stock A, iron B. slotted guide D, secured to the stock by bolts F, having washers G, and strip H, lying along the edge of the iron next the guide, all arranged as described, and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EDWARD L. GAYLORD.

Witnesses:
S. S. WILLIAMSON,
W. T. HAVILAND.

No. 312,229 – Plane (William Tidgewell) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”383″]312229

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM TIDGETWELL, OF MIDDLETOWN, ASSIGNOR TO THE MERIDEN MALLEABLE IRON COMPANY, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 312,229, dated February 10, 1885.
Application filed December 26, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM TIDGEWELL, of Middletown, in the county of Middlesex and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a top view with the cutter and its clamp removed; Fig. 2, a longitudinal central section showing the cutter in place; Fig.
3, a transverse section on line x x of Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a transverse section on line y y of Fig. 2; Fig.
5, a transverse section on line z z of Fig. 2; Fig. 6, a side view of the screw and nut detached from the stock.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of planes for joiners’ use in which the stock is made from metal, and to which an adjusting-screw is applied to set the cutter, the object of the invention being such a construction of the stock and arrangement of the adjusting-screw that the stock may be cast complete and avoid the mechanical labor usually required in fitting the stock for the adjusting-screw, and it consists in a cast-metal stock constructed with a bearing for the cutter in rear of the mouth, the said bearing constructed with a central recess opening upward to form one seat for the screw, the second seat for the point of the screw being between said bearing and the mouth, with vertical guides for the nut between the two seats of the screw, combined with the screw and nut arranged in said seats, as more fully hereinafter described.

A represents the stock, which in general out line may be of common or usual construction; B, the bolt, through which the edge of the cutter C extends in the usual manner. At the rear a bearing, D, is arranged, upon which the cutter will rest at that point, the cutter resting at the month and upon the bearing D. This bearing D should extend across the stock between the sides, as indicated in Figs.1 and 3. Near the mouth, upon the inside and centrally between the two sides, a lug or upward projection, E, is formed, having a recess, a, from its upper edge downward. In the same central line a recess, b, is made in the bearing D.

F is the screw, its lower or point end, d, constructed to fit into the recess a in the lug E. At a point on the body of the screw corresponding to the recess b in the bearing D an annular groove, e, is formed, and so that the screw may be set, its point into the recess a and the annular groove e into the recess b, the sides of the groove taking a bearing upon the rear and front side of the bearing D, the said bearing D standing inclined at right angles to the plane of the cutter, and the axis of the screw is parallel with the plane of the cutter, as seen in Fig. 2. Midway between the bearing D and the lug E a pair of guides, f f, are arranged, one each side the screw, leaving a space, g, between them, as seen in Fig. 4.

H is the nut, threaded corresponding to the screw, and in width so as to stand between the two guides f f, as seen in Figs. 1 and 4. These guides prevent the nut from turning as the screw is turned; hence, as the screw is turned, it being fixed as to longitudinal movement, a corresponding advance or retreating movement will be imparted to the nut, and in such movement the nut is controlled by the guides f f. The screw is provided with a convenient head, I, by which it may be turned. The nut has a stud, h, projecting from its upper end, to enter a corresponding hole in the cutter, and so that the cutter will partake of the movement of the nut. As here represented, the cutter is held by a clamp, L, taking a bearing at its lower end upon the cutter, with an adjusting-screw, M, at its upper end to bear upon the cutter, the stock being provided with a fulcrum consisting of a cross-bar, N, over the cutter. Other clamps, however, may be applied to secure the cutter in place. By this construction the stock may be cast complete. The recess a for the point and the recess b in the bearing D for the screw are all formed in the process of casting, and so that, a pattern being made like the finished stock, no coring is necessary, as all the parts readily draw from the mold, leaving the cores fort he respective cavities. The screw with its nut is simply dropped into its seats before the cutter is applied. The construction is therefore of the simplest character, and greatly reduces the cost of the article over many of the complicated constructions, but having all the advantages of ready adjustment and firm hold of the cutter.

The bar N may be a piece of wire of suitable size and strength introduced into the mold, so that in the process of casting it will becorne a permanent and fixed part of the stock.

I claim —

1. A joiner’s-plane stock having the bearing D in rear ofthe mouth. a lug, E, between said bearing and mouth, the bearing D constructed with a recess, b, opening upward, and the lug E with a recess. a, also opening upward, the said two recesses forming seats for the screw, the guides f f between said bearing and lug, the said bearing, lug, and guides cast as an integral part of the stock, combined with the screw F, constructed with an annular groove, e, corresponding to the recess b in the bearing D, its point arranged in the open recess in the lug E, and the nut on said screw between said guides f f, the nut constructed to engage the cutter, substantially as described.

2. A joiner’s-plane stock having the bearing D in rear of the mouth, a lug, E, between said bearing and mouth, the bearing D constructed with a recess, b, opening upward, and the lug E with a recess, a, also opening upward, the said two recesses forming seats for the screw, the guides f f between said bearing and lug, the said bearing, lug, and guides cast as an integral part of the stock, and the cross-bar N made as a fixed part of the stock, with the screw F, constructed with an annular groove, e, corresponding to the recess b in the bearing D, its point arranged in the open recess in the lug E, the nut H on said screw between said guides f f, the nut constructed to engage the cutter, with the clamp L arranged beneath the bar N, to take a bearing upon the cutter below said bar, and an adjusting-screw above said bar, substantially as described.

WlLLlAM TIDGEWELL.

Witnesses:
ELI J. MERRIMAN,
H. W. HUDSON.

No. 311,136 – Bench-Plane (Charles L. Mead) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”523″]311136

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES L. MEAD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part forming part of Letters Patent No. 311,136 , dated January 20, 1885.
Application filed June 16, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES L. MEAD, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes; and the object of my invention is to produce a simple and efficient mechanism for adjusting the cutting-edge of the bit to square it with the stock. I attain this object by the simple construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved bench-plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view, partly in elevation, on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional partial view on line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detached view showing the under side of the frog.

It is often difficult to grind the cutting-edge of a plane-bit exactly square, and consequently when set in place it does not stand square with the stock. In such cases the bits have been adjusted by rapping them edgewise from side to side with a hammer. A prior patent shows a mechanisrn for adjusting the bit edgewise to bring its end square with the stock, in which the under side of
the bit was slotted at its lower end and the bit was pivoted by the cap-screw. Such an adjusting mechanism is hereby disclaimed.

Aside from the addition of the adjusting-screw a, traveling block b, and the necessary modifications for securing them in place, my improved plane is the same as ordinary bench-planes. The particular plane I have taken for illustration is known to the art as “Bailey’s Patent Plane.” I provide the frog or seat A with lugs c c, which lugs are provided with smooth-bored holes at points a’ a’, into which I insert the adjusting-screw a, said holes forming bearings for the ends of the adjusting-screw. Upon the adjusting-screw a, I have placed the nuts d d, which nuts will allow the adjusting-screw a to rotate freely upon its axis, but will not allow the adjusting-screw to move longitudinally. Upon the adjusting-screw a, I have arranged a traveling block, b, said block being provided with a threaded hole, which receives the adjusting-screw a. I have provided the traveling block b with an upwardly-extending projection, f, whose height is about equal to the thickness of the cutter which engages with the ordinary slot, g, of the plane bit or cutter. The traveling block moves longitudinally in a slot formed in the frog. The bit or cutter and cap-iron of the plane are set in their places upon the frog or plane-seat in the ordinary manner, care being taken to have the engaging projection f of the traveling block b project upward into the ordinary longitudinal slot of the bit. The holding-cap B is then put into its proper place and clamps the bit and cap-iron firmly against the frog or plane-seat, said holding cap pressing then at each end. The point of pressure at the lower end of the cap is the point where the bit will pivot when its upper end is moved edgewise. When the parts are thus assembled in place ready for use, in order to adjust the bit edgewise to bring its edge square with the stock, it is only necessary to turn the adjusting-screw a, one way or the other, as the case may be, which readily adjusts the bit or cutter laterally and brings its edge square with the stock, as shown.

I am aware that a prior patent for bench-planes shows a mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bits endwise, which consists of a screw and a transverse slide having an oblique slot, which receives a projection from the under side of a second slide for carrying the plane-irons up and down, and the same is hereby disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

In a bench-plane, the herein-deseribed mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bit laterally, consisting of the adjusting-screw a, the traveling block b, having the upwardly-extending projection f for taking into the longitudinal slot of the cutting-bit, said screw and block located at the upper end of the frog, and operating to adjust the cutting-bit laterally by the direct action of the block against the side walls of the slot in said bit at its upper end, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

CHARLES L. MEAD.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
H. C. HINE.

No. 310,473 – Bench-Plane (William Steers) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”382″]310473

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM STEERS, OF BRATTLEBOROUGH, VERMONT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 310,473, dated January 6, 1885.
Application filed October 27, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM STEERS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brattleborongh, in the county of Windham and State of Vermont, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, which will be hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out in the claim.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure I is a longitudinal vertical section of the plane. Fig. 2 is a face or front view of the regulating-wheel and eccentric link. Fig. 3 is a face view of the back-iron.

A is the cap or holder.

A’ is a tightening-screw.

a is a lug or pin projecting from the inner side of the plane-stock on each side to support the tightener or cap A which is common to most metal planes.

B is the back-iron, which is held and adjusted to the knife by a screw, b.

In B is a hole, b’, for a pin, c, of an eccentric link, C, which is long enough to pass through the knife or plane~bit and into the hole b’ in the back-iron B.

In the upper end of the eccentric link C is a hole, c’, which fits over the pin d on the face of wheel D.

E is a support in which the adjusting-wheel D is centered. This support E is secured to the flange E’ of the frame of the plane-stock F by a screw, e.

G is the plane bit or knife, adjusted on its proper bed like all other bits or knives.

Operation: When the plane bit or knife G has been properly set, with the back-iron B secured by the set–screw b, as is usual, it is placed in the stock F. The tightener A is then put in and secured by the screw A’. The pin c on the lower end of the eccentric link C enters the hole b’ in the back-iron B. The hole c’ in the upper end of C is fixed over pin d in the face of wheel D. When the plane bit or knife G is to be set fine or coarse, by slightly loosening the screw A’, and with the thumb and fingers turning wheel D to right or left, the eccentric link C will move the knife up or down, as may be required, and by tightening screw A’ the knife is secured to the proper adjustment.

The peculiar feature of this invention is the substitution of the eccentric link C, connected directly by a crank-pin with the regulating or adjusting wheel D itself at one end, and at the other end connected by a pin with the plane-iron cap through the slot in the plane iron or knife, for the usual complicated devices for moving the knife, thus materially reducing the cost of this class of planes.

I am aware that the plane-irons of planes have been adjusted by means of adjusting wheels and connecting parts from it to the plane-iron, and I do not claim, broadly, such arrangements; but

What I do claim is —

In metallic planes, the adjusting crank-wheel D, the link C, attached at one end immediately to the crank-wheel by a wrist-pin, having at its other end a pin which passes through a slot in the plane iron or knife into the back-iron, in combination with the plane iron or knife and back-iron, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I hereto affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM STEERS.

Witnesses:
J. G. EDDY,
CLARENCE F. R. JENNE.

No. 310,349 – Chamfering-Plane (Richard Vanwike Wicks) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”381″]310349

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

RICHARD VANWIKE WICKS, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

CHAMFERING-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 310,349, dated January 6, 1885.
Application filed April 29, 1884. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD VANWIKE WICKS, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in Chamfering and other Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention has for its object the production of a plane to be used by carpenters and others for making “stop” chamfers, rule-joint and other moldings — that is, chamfers or moldings which are required to stop short of the whole length of the work or piece of wood to be dressed — as, for instance, when required to form a square base on the end of a frame or other piece of timber. To do this kind of stop-work, planes of special construction for cutting stop-chamfers have before been designed and used; but they essentially differ from the plane hereinafter described, and it generally has been and still is customary to cut away with the chisel the wood at a distance from where the chamfer or molding is required to be stopped, and then to work an ordinary chamfering or molding plane up to such cut portion, and afterward to dress or finish with the chisel, sandpaper, or otherwise. This is not only tedious, but expensive, on account of the labor involved, especially where a large amount of such work has to be done. My improved plane effectually accomplishes the work, without any such chiseling or cutting away, by the simple or direct act of running or passing the plane over the work. The invention coniprises a peculiarly-constructed stock having an enlarged oblique opening down through it for the introduction of a guide corresponding with the shape of the chamfer or molding, and the cutter also having a longitudinal groove in its base corresponding in transverse section with the angular edge of the wood before the chamfering or molding guide and cutter are passed over it, and which groove is of a depth in rear of the cutter to receive the part not designed to be dressed by the cutter up within it. It likewise comprises various details of construction for separately adjusting the guide and cutter, for clamping or holding and releasing the knife or cutter, and for otherwise providing for the general and special action ofthe tool, substantially as hereinafter described.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section on the line x x in Fig. 2 of a plane embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same; Fig. 3, a transverse section on the line y y in Fig. 1, looking in direction of the arrow in; Fig. 4, a section on the irregular line z z in Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 a section on the line in 2: in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a face view of a knife or cutter for making a stop rule-joint form of molding instead of a plain or flat chamfer, as provided for by the cutter and guide shown more particularly in Figs. 1 and 3; Fig. 7, a face view of a guide-plate adapted to the rule-joint cutter, and Fig. 8 a longitudinal view of a piece of rule-joint work as produced by the use in the tool of the cutter and guide shown in Figs. 6 and 7.

A indicates the stock of the plane, made either of iron or wood, but preferably metal, with an enlarged oblique opening, b, up through it, inclining forwardly in a downward direction. The base of said stock is constructed to form or leave an enlarged angular (preferably right-angular) recess or groove, c, centrally up within it throughout its length, the same corresponding in transverse section with the angular adjacent longitudinal marginal portions of the piece of wood to be chamfered or molded before said portions are so reduced or fashioned.

B is a guide or shoe adjustable up and down within the oblique opening b in the stock, and which may be directed in its movement by correspondingly inclined or oblique ribs d d, working in grooves e e in the side walls of the opening b. The lower face of this guide or shoe is flat or straight and parallel with the lower side margins of the stock, and is dovetailed, as at f f, to receive within and along it a face piece or plate, g, shaped on its under surface to accord with the configuration of the chamfer or rnolding to be made. In Figs. 1 and 3 it is represented as flat on its face, and the knife or cutter C, which is arranged in the rear of it, is straight on its cutting-edge to correspond, for the purpose of making a flat or plain stop-chamfer on the adjacent marginal longitudinal portions of the piece of wood to be worked, while in Figs. 6 and 7 the under surface of the face-piece g and the acting edge of the cutter C are shaped to produce a stop rule-joint molding, h, (see Fig. 8,) on the wood D to be worked. Other shaped moldings will require different guiding face plates or pieces and cutters. When attached, the face-piece g becomes a portion of the guide B, and it may be held from moving by a set-screw, i. By making it removable, however, as likewise the cutter, which is also carried by said guide, the same guide or shoe B may be used in connection with different face pieces or plates and cutters, according to the shape of molding required. The knife or cutter C is passed down within the guide B against its inclined back, which should be cut away below, as at k, so as not to interfere with or project down into the longitudinal groove b in the bottom of the stock. The cutting edge of the knife, when the latter is adjusted for work, projects any desired distance below the under surface of the guiding-plate g, according to the thickness of the shaving to be made, and stands at some little distance in rear of said face-plate, leaving a sight-aperture and shaving-clearance, l, between said plate and cutter. The whole guide or shoe B is adjusted up or down, according to the width of the chamfer or molding to be made, by means of a screw, E, fitted to turn within and through a box-like projection, m, on the back of the guide; but it has no longitudinal movement therethrough, being restrained by cross-pins n n or otherwise, and it screws at its lower end portion within or through the part r of the stock, and may be steadied below by a side set-screw, s, Fig. 5. The upper end of said screw is fitted with a knob or head, a’, which bears down on a knob or head, b’, of a second screw, G, made hollow and receiving the shank of the screw E through it. This second screw, G, works through a nut, c’, which has connected with it, by side pin or pins and slot or slots, s’, a yoke, d’, pivoted, as e’, to the box-like projection m on the guide B, and fitting at its outer end in any one of a series of holes, f’, in the cutter, whereby on turning the screw G by its head b’ the cutter maybe raised or lowered to especiaily adjust its amount of cut. Its general adjustment, as wear may require, is provided for by changing the fit of the yoke d’ from one of the holes f’ to another. The concentric arrangement of the two screws E and G the one within and through the other is very compact and convenient for separately adjusting the guide or slice B and the cutter C, carried by said guide. The cutter C is held to its place on the back of the guide B and in engagement with the adjusting device or yoke d’ with facility for disengagement and removal, when required, by means of a front plate or arm. H, in slotted pivoted side connection at g’ g’ with the guide or shoe B, and a locking arm or eccentric, I, pivoted at h’ on the upper end of said arm, and having its handle h2 arranged to shut down out of the way, said cam bearing, when closed, against a flexible strip or spring, i’, attached at its one end to the arm H and lying at its other end on the cutter. On the front top portion of the stock A is a handle, J, for one hand of the workman to hold, while his other takes hold of the back portion of the plane to guide and work the tool.

In using the plane to make a stop-chamfer or stop rule-joint or other stop molding, the cut is made direct from where the chamfer or molding, as at l’, Fig. 8, stops on the wood, the plane being pressed and held thereon with the sides of its longitudinal base groove c resting on or against the two adjacent longitudinal marginal portions of the piece of wood, and the cutter C, by the manipulation of the plane, made to enter the wood at l’, or where the chamfer or molding is designed to stop, the clearance-aperture l in front of the cutter enabling the operator to see the exact place at which he should start. The plane is then worked forward away from such starting-point, and the operation repeated till the wood has been sufliciently reduced to make the necessary chamfer or molding, the operator always starting from the same place and pressing down on the plane, which receives within the angular groove c of its base, in rear of the cutter, the correspondingly-shaped base or stopped part of the work, which groove provides for the starting of the chamfering or molding at any point in the length of the strip or piece of wood, and for making a stop charnfer or molding without any chiseling or other cutting than that done by the plane in making the chamfer or molding.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with the stock A, having an oblique opening, b, up through it, and a longitudinal angular recess or groove, c, in its base, shaped to conform to the adjacent longitudinal marginal portions of the wood to be worked, of the guide and cutter-holder B, having a lower face-piece made to conform to the shape of the chamfer or molding to be produced, and adjustable along with the cutter, of like shape on its cutting-edge, down through said oblique opening and into the longitudinal angular groove c, which it crosses, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

2. The removable guiding face piece or plate f, in combination with the adjustable guide or shoe B and the separately-adjustable cutter C, carried by said guide or shoe, essentially as shown and described.

3. The screws E and G, arranged to pass longitudinally one through the other, in combination with the stock A, the guide or shoe B, and the cutter C, for separate and collective adjustment of said guide or shoe and cutter, substantially as specified.

RICHARD VANWIKE WICKS.

Witnesses:
A. GREGORY,
C. SEDGWICK.

No. 310,163 – Plane (William F. Achenbach) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”380″]310163

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH, OF READING, PENNSYLVANIA.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 310,163, dated January 6, 1885.
Application filed September 15, 1884. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Reading, county of Berks, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This improvement relates more particularly to carpenters’ bench-planes.

The object of the invention is to place in the hands of wood-workers, joiners, and others a plane which will dress smoothly cross-grained and knotty woods so finely that subsequent filling and scraping are rendered unnecessary. These results are attained by a very slight yet important alteration of the mode of dressing the face of planes, as will be explained further on.

Figure 1 is a perspective elevation of a smoothing-plane having my improvement attached thereto. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section showing more clearly the improvement. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the face of the plane, showing the improvement. Fig. 4 is a plan and sectional view of the plane-bit preferably used in the plane. In all of which —

A represents the body of the plane; A’, the month of the plane; A2, the throat; B, the wedge; C, the bit; D, the usual cap for a double bit; E, a metal plate sunk in the face of the plane in advance of the mouth-opening; E’, a plate sunk in the face of the plane in the rear of the mouth.

The improvement is applicable to both jack and fore planes, and it will be found advantageous to apply it to the same; but it is particularly adapted to the smoothing-plane for finishing off veneers or any fine work in hard or soft woods. The usual custom is to smooth off as well as is practicable with the plane, then to use the scraper to finish up, supplementing the latter by a wood filling and a rubbing down with pumice-stone. With my improvement in the construction of the plane-face this is unnecessary, as a simple sandpapering after the plane leaves the work ready for varnishing.

The result of the improvement is that much more work can be done in a given time, and when done is of a superior character to all work hitherto produced by the use of the plane alone.

The construction of the plane is as follows, the description applying more particularly to a smoothing-plane, as shown: It will be seen that the elevation, as in Fig. 1, makes no disclosure of any change in the construction of the plane. The longitudinal section and the plan, Figs. 2 and 3, show metallic plates inserted permanently in the face of the plane. The plates are about one-half inch wide, and about one-fourth of an inch short of the width of the plane at the point of insertion, leaving, when inserted, about one-eighth of an inch of wood standing at each end of the metallic plate. The plates may be about one-eighth of an inch thick, and they are secured in place by countersunk-screws.

The plates having been placed as shown, one, E, with its edge coincident with the front edge of the month of the plane, and the other placed at about one-third of the length of the plane from its rear end, I dress the face of the plane, and metallic plate included, from the mouth-edge of the plate to the fore end of the plane, so that the fore end shall be about one-thirtieth of an inch lower than the mouth-edge of the plate, the face of the plane being reversed upon the bench. The space between the plates E and E’ may be level, but I prefer to have it slightly hollow — say about one sixty-fourth of an inch — and from the rear plate, E’, to the end of the plane I again drop the face, the plane-face being reversed to about one-thirtieth of an inch at the rear end below the level of the plate E’, the straight edge in both cases resting upon the inner edges of the plates E and E’.

For fore or jack planes the same depression of the face from the front and rear plates is maintained, but the space between the front and rear plates is kept at a dead level, and one or more intermediate plates inserted to insure uniformity of wear.

The use of the plates not only serves to maintain certain fixed points upon the face of the plane, but also serves to reduce the friction of the plane in operating the same.

Although an ordinary double-bitted plane-iron may be used in a plane constructed in accordance with my improvement, yet I find a plane-iron of a parallel thickness for the length of the cap to give better results. A parallel bit, as it wears and is thrust forward through the mouth of the plane, causes no change in the distance left between its face and the edge of the plate, while the thrusting forward of the usual tapered thickness bit as it wears away gradually enlarges the opening of the mouth, and will not permit of fine work being done. The plate E at the mouth should be so set relative to the bit C that the space left for the passage of the shavings should limit the thickness of the same to suit the character of work to be performed, and the plate E’ in all cases at about one-third of the length of the plane from its rear end, this plate marking that point upon the plane which I find from practical use to be that which is best adapted to give relief to the user in handling the same, and indicating by its position that portion of the plane-face lying between plates E E’, which is to be retained at or near a dead level, as already described. As the plane-face loses its original form from use, it must be renewed, which I find is best performed by rubbing down with a block of hard wood covered with fine flint sand-paper. For hard-wood veneers, &c., a clearance at front and rear (the straight edge resting upon the inner edges of the plates E E) of about one-thirtieth of an inch will be ample. For soft woods the clearance may be increased to one-twentieth of an inch.

In grinding up and sharpening the bit it should curve very moderately in its width, and should project very slightly above the face of the month-iron E. The slight elevation of the edge of the plate above the fore end of the plane gives the plane-bit a bite upon the wood with the slightest protrusion ofthe same.

In the use of a plane whose face is dressed in accordance with my improvement the operator will find that less exertion is required and more work is performed, from the fact that there is nothing to interfere with the bite of the bit upon the wood, whereas, with the ordinary plane, the face being a dead level from end to end, the bit must be projected beyond the face to a much greater extent to cut down the same depth of surface, and, owing to this greater protrusion of the bit there is more liability to catch and tear away the material when knots or cross grain intervenes, thus leaving the surface in a much rougher condition.

Having described my improvement and shown its construction and use, I desire to secure by Letters Patent the following claims thereon —

1. As an improved article of manufacture, a carpenter’s bench-plane provided with inserted metallic plates suitably secured in the face thereof, one, E, at and forming the fore edge of the mouth of the plane, and one, E’, at about one-third of the length of the plane from the rear end of the same, and dressing the fore and rear faces of the plane from said plates E and E’, as described, in combination with the plane A, wedge B. bit C, and cap D, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In combination with carpenters’ fore, jack, and smoothing planes, having their faces dressed as described, the plates E and E’ with one or more plates intermediate thereto, recessed in said plane-faces, and suitably secured therein, substantially as shown, and for the purpose set forth.

WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH.

Witnesses:
THOMAS P. KINSEY,
F. PIERCE HUMMEL.

No. 309,400 – Joiner’s Plane (George D. Mosher) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”379″]309400

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE D. MOSHER, OF BIRMINGHAM, CONNECTICUT.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 309,400, dated December 16, 1884.
Application filed November 3, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, GEORGE D. MOSHER, of Birmingham, in the county ot’ New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new lmprovement in Joiners’ Planes; and l do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a left-hand side view; Fig. 2, a right-hand side view; Fig. 3, a longitudinal central section; Fig. 4, a transverse section on line x x of Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a transverse section on line z z of Fig. 1.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of joiners’ planes which consist of a cast-metal stock fitted with a clamping device to hold the cutter, and mechanism for adjusting the cutter with relation to the mouth, the object of the invention being to simplify the construction, so that the plane may be produced with very little mechanical labor, and thereby greatly reduce the cost; and the invention consists in the construction, as hereinafter described, and more particularly recited in the claims.

A represents the base or plate of the stock, fitted at one end with a handle, B, and may be at the other with a handle, C, and with the usual transverse mouth, a, opening into the throat D. Imrnediately in rear of the throat is a bearing, E, inclined to the position required for the cutter, and upon which the lower end of the cutter F may lie. Centrally from this bearing E a lug, b, extends upward, inclined corresponding to the incline of the bearing-surface E.

G is the bed for the cutter. At its lower end it is constructed with a recess, d, upon its face side, corresponding, substantially, to the lug b, as seen in Figs. 3 and 5. The face of the cutter-bed G forms, substantially, a continuation of the inclined bearing E, as seen in Fig. 3. The upper end of the bed G is constructed with a groove upon its under side, to ride upon a guide, c, formed on the handle portion above the bearing-surface E. The groove is best formed by a rib or flange near each edge of the upper part of the bed, to embrace the bearing e, as seen in Fig. 4. The bed is constructed with a hook, f, upon each side near its lower end, these hooks formed by extending or turning the edge upward and inward, as seen in Fig. 5.

H is the cap for the cutter, provided at its upper end with a set-screw, I. The hooks are of such extent that the cutter F may be set down between them and the bed, and then the cap H introduced between the cutter and the hooks, as seen in Figs. 3 and 5, the cap extending down toward the edge of the cutter, the screw taking its bearing upon the cutter above the hooks. Thus introduced, the screw is turned to a bearing upon the cutter, forcing the cutter firmly against the bed G, and causing the lower end of the cap to turn inward against the cutter and clamp the cutter upon the bearing E, as seen in Fig. 3, so as to firmly secure the cutter in its place. The cap may be adjusted to any desired relation to the edge of the cutter, so that it may serve as the cap for the cutter to govern the depth of the cut, if desired.

To adjust the cutter the bed G is constructed with a flange, h, upon one side of the handie portion, as seen in Figs.1 and 4. This flange is constructed with a notch or opening, i. Through the handle portion a coarse-threaded screw, L, is introduced, the handle portion being correspondingly screw-threaded, as seen in Fig. 4. This screw is provided with an eccentric stud, Z, which stands in the slot ffl of the bed, and so that if the screw be turned to iinpart a cranlrdilre nrovenient to the stud l, it will correspondingly move the bed G up or down, according to the rotation of the screw E. Upon the reverse side the screw is provided with a handle, M, by which it may be conveniently turned. The screw-thread on this adjusting device imparts a longitudinal movement to the stud l as the screw is turned, hence produces a transverse friction between it and the surface of the notch i in which it works, in addition to the friction which naturally arises from the rotative bearing of the stud. Such transverse friction adds materially to the hold which the stud takes upon the bed, so that accidental displacement is not liable to occur, as would be the case were the screw E constructed with simply a cylindrical surface in the stock, and so that rotative movement only would be imparted to the adjusting-stud l. By this construction the stock is readily molded and cast complete, the cleaning and preparation of the casting to receive the cutter and bed being an inconsiderable operation. The bed G is also cast complete, ready for application to the stock without any material mechanical labor, and thus I produce a plane at a minimum cost, yet complete and perfect in its working and adjustment.

To prevent the possibility of the cutter being thrown out of adjustment by contact with knots, or other extraordinary hard attacks in operation, I construct the face of the bed with a series of notches on its face, and provide the cutter with a corresponding stud, in, (see Fig. 3,) and so that when the cutter is set in place the stud may enter one of the notches in the bed and there hold firmly, so that any adjustment of the bed must be necessarily irnparted to the cutter, and the notch and stud serve to resist any tendency of the work to throw the cutter out of adjustment.

I claim —

1. The metal stock, constructed with the inclined bearing E in rear of its mouth, and with the lug b extending upward and backward therefrom, the bed G, constructed with a recess, d, upon its face, corresponding to the said lug D, said bed also constructed with hooks f f, and arranged to take a bearing on the stock above the said lug, combined with the cutter F, cap H, and the set-screw I in said cap, substantially as described.

2. The metal stock, constructed with an inclined bearing, E, in rear of its mouth, and with a lug, b, extending upward and backward therefrom, the bed G, constructed with a recess, d, corresponding to said lug, and arranged to take a bearing on the stock above, and also constructed with hooks f f, and with a downwardly-projecting flange having a notch, i, therein, the cutter F, cap H, and set-screw I, with the screw E transversely through the stock, said screw provided with an eccentric stud, l, at one end to work in said notch i, the opposite end provided with a handle, M, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. The stock constructed with the inclined bearing E in rear of its mouth, and with the lug b extending upward and backward therefrom, the bed G, constructed with a recess, d, corresponding to said lug, and also with hooks f f, the said bed arranged to take a bearing upon the stock above the said lug b, the face of the said bed constructed with a series of notches, the cutter constructed with a stud, m, upon its under side to engage either of said notches, the cap H, and set-screw I, substantially as described.

GEORGE D. MOSHER.

Witnesses:
THOS. L. I. BULLUSS,
WM. H. WILLIAMS.

No. 308,332 – Rabbet-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”378″]308332

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

RABBET-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 308,332, dated November 18, 1884.
Application filed May 17, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Rabbet-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in rabbet-planes, and has for its object a better arrangement for the gages.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my rabbet-plane. Fig. 2 is a like view of the reverse side of the same. Fig. 3 is an end view of the same. Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a portion of the stock on line x x of Fig. 2, said view also showing the gage-rod in side elevation 5 and Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of the depth-gage and a portion of the stock with a side elevation of the clamping-screw.

The stock A may be of any ordinary form; but as shown it is provided with two bit-seats, into either of which the cutting bit a may be secured. This feature of the stock, however, was known prior to my present invention. The bit a at the cutting end is the full width of the stock.

b is the gage-rod, upon which the socket of the gage B is fitted, so that the gage may be adjusted longitudinally upon said rod and fastened in place by means of the set-screw c, thereby securing the working-face of the gage B at any desired point with reference to the under surface of the stock. As shown in the drawings, this gage is adjusted for use in working from the left-hand edge of a board. The gage-rod b is secured to the stock by means of its threaded end and a correspondingly-threaded hole in the side of the stock. In order to facilitate the screwing out and in of this rod, I provide its end with an orifice into which a suitable pin or wrench may be applied. Upon the opposite side of the stock, and in alignment with the hole into which the gage-rod is secured, I form a like threaded hole, f, Figs. 1 and 4.

When it is desired to convert the tool to one for gaging from the right-hand edge of a board, the gage-rod b is unscrewed from one side of the stock, and then inserted in hole f, and the gage B then secured thereon, as indicated by broken lines in Fig. 3. By making the gage-rod attachable and detachable to and from either side of the stock the rods never project upon that side which is opposite the gage B, thereby enabling the gage and plane to be used in corners and cramped places where it is impossible to use a rabbet plane and gage whose gage-rods project upon said side.

C designates the depth-gage, the shank of which is slotted for insertion of the clamping-screw g, which passes through the shank of the depth-gage and into a threaded hole in the stock. The side of the stock to which this gage is secured is provided with a vertical V-shaped groove, h, Figs. 1 and 5, which groove is a little to one side of the clamping-screw g. The inner face of the gage C is provided upon one side of the clamping-screw with a V-shaped rib, k, and upon the opposite side of the screw is a plain-faced rib, l, Fig. 5. The V-shaped rib governs the position of the gage in its movement up and down, while the plane-faced rib, in connection with the V-shaped rib, forms a seat or bearing-surface to hold the gage at a proper distance from the side of the stock. This construction enables the gage to be governed in its vertical position, and to form a proper bearing-surface, only a small portion of which requires to be fitted, and consequently it can be fitted with but little labor and expense.

Any suitable spur or spurs may be attached to the side or sides of the stock just forward of the cutting-bit, as in prior rabbet-planes.

I am aware that depth-gages of various kinds have been heretofore employed upon rabbet-planes having side gages; also, that prior patents show rabbet-planes having side gages with two rods permanently secured thereto, and having transverse holes through the stock into which said gage-rods were inserted and held therein by means of set-screws, whereby the gage could be changed end for end, and placed upon either side of the stock to convert the tool into a right or left hand plane, as required. All of said prior art is hereby disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

1. The herein-described rabbet-plane, consisting of the stock A, having screw-holes f upon opposite sides and in alignment with each other, the gage-rod b, screw-threaded upon its end to fit both of said holes in the stock, and the reversible gage B, having the set-screw c, and a socket for securing the rod b, all substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a rabbet-plane, the combination of the stock A, having the groove h, the depth-gage C, having a central slot with the rib k fitted to rest upon the bottom of the groove h at one side of said slot, and the plane-faced rib l, which abuts against a plane surface on the stock at the opposite ends of said slot, the clamping-screw g, the gage-rod b, and the side gage, B, all substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
HENRY C. HINE.

No. 307,223 – Plane (Charles H. Pike) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”377″]307223

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES H PIKE, OF WEST TROY, NEW YORK.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 307,223, dated October 28, 1884.
Application filed June 28, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. PIKE, of West Troy, in the county of Albany and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Wood-Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple, efficient, and inexpensive tool to be used by wood-workers for economically dressing out the hollow faces of pieces of lumber or timber used in making round or curved work, such as tubes, stair-cylinders, or round or curved patterns to make castings from, and a large variety of crooked or curved work.

The invention consists of a woodplane having a stock made in two parts, hinged to each other so as to be adjusted and fastened at any required angle with each other, for causing the cutter held at the angle of the two part stock to dress the roughed-out work to the required transverse curve as the plane is rocked axially while being passed backward and forward over the work, with the faces of the opposite parts of the stock resting on trued edges of the work.

The invention includes, also, particular construction and combination of parts of the plane, all as hereinafter fully described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is an outside longitudinal sectional elevation of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a front end view thereof. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional elevation on the line x x, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a front view illustrating the manner of using the plane, and Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view.

I make the plane-stock in two parts or sections — the part A, to which the cutters C c and handle D are held, and a part, B, which is jointed to the part A lengthwise on pivots E, which pass through lugs e e formed at the ends of the parts A B. At the front end of the plane the parts A B of the stock have fixed curved or segmental arms F G, respectively, which arms are centrally slotted, as at f, and the arms are so shaped and located that their slots coincide always, irrespective of the angle at which the parts A B are set relatively to each other. A headed screw-bolt, H, is passed through the slots of both arms, F G, and has a suitable thumb-nut, I, by which the arms may be bound tightly to each other to hold the parts A B of the stock at any relative angle at which they may be set.

I prefer to make that part of the screw-bolt H which enters the slots f of the curved arms square in cross-section, and fit it loosely in the slots, which allows the nut I to be turned on and off or tightened or loosened without holding the head of the bolt H.

I propose to graduate the top edges of the curved arms F G, as at g, Fig. 1, so that the angle at which the part B of the stock is set with the part A thereof will clearly be indicated, and the adjustment of said parts A B with each other by swinging one or both of them on the pivots E may more readily and correctly be made.

I provide the stock parts A B with the extension pieces or fences A’ B’, respectively, which are fastened on by screws, as at i, so that wider or narrower fence-pieces may quickly be substituted one for the other, as the nature of the work shall require.

I hold the main cutter C against the shoulder-plate a of the part A by means of a cam-lever, K, which is pivoted on a stout pin between lugs a’ a’ on the part A, and so that when the lever-handle k is swung over flat against the part A the acting head K’ of the lever K will bind the cutter C firnily to the shoulder a. A rib or shoulder, a2, on the part A, in front of the cutter C, forms the front wall of the throat of the plane, and the outer face of the lever-head K’ inclines to the stock suitably to permit free passage of the shavings. The cutter c, in advance of the main cutter, is an ordinary dado or slitting cutter set in a face-slot of the stock. I fasten the handle within a socket formed at d in the stock and by means of a screw, d’, as shown, which makes a strong connection. The cutter C is beveled back and sharpened, so that it will cut at the faces of both parts A B of the stock; but the main cutting-edge is the one, l, which projects from the lower edge of the part A, and is beveled back slightly across the width of the cutter from the sharp corner m, between the cutting-edges l n. (See Fig. 5.)

In operating the plane either lengthwise or crosswise of the grain of the wood, the parts A B of the stock will be set at the required relative angle, and there fastened by the screw bolt and nut H I. The work having been roughed out, as at N, Fig. 4, and the two top corners of the work at the edges o o of the groove or channel, to be finished having been trued or straightened to serve as guides to the faces of the stock parts A B and their extension-fences A’ B’, the plane is laid on the edges o o and gradually turned on its lengthwise axis as it is moved backward and forward to permit the cutters c C to remove successive shavings from the roughed-out hollow face at N and produce a truly-curved and quite smoothly-finished face, as at O. With the faces of the parts A B of the stock set about at right angles with each other, half-circles, as at O, ranging from one and one-quarter inches to six or eight inches across, may be finished. It is evident that should the parts A B be set at a greater or obtuse angle with each other the finished work will be in segments of larger circles, depending on the extent of the angular adjustment of the two parts of the stock. The greater the angularity of the faces the larger the sweep of the circle described by the cutter will be, as will readily be understood.

The dado-cutter c is especially useful in cross-grain cutting, as when a number of pieces are fastened together to finish their inner faces to serve as parts of patterns for wheels and the like.

My improved plane may be used to cut tapering segmental grooves, and in doing this the groove will be laid out in pencil at the opposite ends of the work and along the face, and then the groove will be roughed out, and by keeping the right-hand wing down and the other wing free and shoving the plane in line with the axis of the groove from the larger toward the srnaller end of the groove one-half of it will be dressed out. The work then is reversed, and the left-hand wing is kept down and the right-hand one free, and the plane is shoved as before, which will finish the groove to the taper required, as I have often done; but this use of the plane requires skill in handling it.

By placing the end of the plane onto the circle or segment laid out at the end of the work, the plane-wings may be set to any segment.

I propose to make all parts of the plane of metal, except the fence-pieces A’ B’ and the handle D, which will be made of wood. It requires but a slight filing and sand-paper dressing to bring the trued faces O produced by the cutters to a smooth finish.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent —

1. The bench-plane comprising the wings or sections hinged or pivoted directly together, one of said wings or sections having a lateral base portion to form the bit-stock, and the two-edged cutter or bit with one edge disposed to project through one side or face of said bitstock wing or section and the other edge disposed to project through the bottom side or face of said lateral portion, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a bench-plane, the hinged or pivoted sections or wings, one of said wings or sections carrying a two-edged cutter or bit with one edge at right angles to the other edge, and a single-edged cutter disposed in line with one of the cutting-edges of said two-edged cutter, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a bench-plane, the hinged or pivoted sections or wings, one carrying a two-edged cutter with one edge at right angles to the other edge, and a single-edged cutter disposed in line with one edge of said two-edged cutter, said wings or sections having adjustable extensions, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a bench-plane, the hinged or pivoted sections or wings, one having a two-edged cutter with one edge at right angles to the other edge, and the single-edged cutter disposed in alignment with one edge of said two-edged cutter, said wings or sections being connected by curved slotted arms and adjusting-screw, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. In a bench-plane, the bit-stock wing or section with the bit throat or passage formed of an inclined bit-supporting plate and a second inclined plate disposed a short distance in advance of said bit-supporting plate, in combination with the cam-lever pivoted upon a pin between lugs of said wing or section, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a bench-plane, the bit-stock section or wing with the bit throat or passage formed of an inclined bit-supporting plate and a second inclined plate disposed a short distance in advance of the bit-supporting plate, in coinbination with the cam-lever with its head bearing against the bit stock or shank and its flat side bearing against said section or wing, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. In a bench-plane, the section or wing having a square socket, in combination with the handle having a square enlargement and disposed obliquely or at an acute angle to said enlargement, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

CHARLES H. PIKE.

Witnesses:
SAMUEL ANDREWS,
THOS. J. LACY.

No. 306,877 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”376″]306877

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 306,877, dated October 21, 1884.
Application filed June 11, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, and the object. of my invention is to produce a better mechanism for adjusting the cutting-edge of the bit to square it with the stock. I attain this object by the simple construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings. in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved bench-plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view thereof, partly in elevation, on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a like view with cutter attached, and Fig. 4 is a sectional view thereof on line y y of Fig. 2.

It is oftentimes difficult to grind the cutting-edge of a plane-bit exactly square, and therefore when set in place it does not stand square with the stock. Several prior patents show planes having mechanism for effecting this lateral adjustment of the cutting-bit edgewise. one of which mechanisms is a lever arranged under the bit at the upper end of the frog. Another consists of two screws the heads of which act upon the edges of the bit at the upper end of the frog. Another patent shows side screws near the middle of the stock, which, in connection with swinging dogs and a sliding piece, hold the bit in its adjusted position. All of said prior art is hereby disclaimed. The major portion of my plane is the same as ordinary bench-planes. The particular plane iilustrated is the one known as “Bailey’s patent plane.”

I secure the edgewise-adjusting lever a to the plane seat or frog by means of the rivet b and washer d, said washer producing sufficient friction to keep the lever a in place when the cap is removed. This lever is also let into the frog or bit seat A, so as to bring its upper side just below the under side of the bit. B, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, and said frog or seat is also cut away, as at e, Fig. 2, in order to permit a lateral movement of the lever a. The lower end of said lever is provided with a projection, f, which rises above the surface of the frog or seat A a distance about equal to the thickness of the bit B, but not far enough to bind against the under surface of the cap-iron C. This projection f of a width which will about fill the ordinary slot for the cap-screw at the upper end of the bit. I prefer to provide the under side of the lever a with a small boss or trunnion concentric with the rivet b, on which it is fulcrumed, and sink said trunnion into a circular recess, as shown in Fig. 4; but this construction is not essential. I also provide the stock with stationary pins h h near the lower end of the bit B. upon which said bit can swing or fulcrum when moved edgewise. These pins are threaded merely for convenience of insertion; but when once inserted plain pins will answer the same purpose.

When the parts are in place ready for use, in order to adjust the bit edgewise to bring its edge square with the stock, it is only necessary to move the lever a to one side, as shown in Fig. 3, which illustrates a bit whose end is ground out of square to an unusual degree. It should be observed that the lever a is close up under the bit, and does not so project as to ever render any inconvenience whatever in the ordinary uses of the plane. I have shown this lever as the best-known mechanism for an edgewise adjustment of the bit; but other mechanism for this adjustment located at the upper end instead of the lower end of the stock will secure the advantages of my invention.

The stationary pins are located in the stock, so as to bear directly upon the edges of the bit near its cutting end, and, as the laterally-adjusting mechanism is operated to move the upper end of the bit edgewise, it will rock or fulcrum upon the stationary pins at the lower end.

My rnechanism for this edgewise adjustment does not in the least interfere with the ordinary endwise adjustment of the bit, and requires no change whatever in the ordinary parts of the plane, except to recess and drill the frog or bit and the stock for the reception and attachment of the lever a and pins h h.

I claim as my invention —

The combination of a plane stock and bit, an edgewise-adjusting mechanism for acting upon the bit at its upper end, and the stationary fulcrum-pins h h in the stock near the cutting end of the bit, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
EDDY N. SMITH.

No. 306,763 – Plane (Stephen G. Laskey) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”375″]306763

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

STEPHEN G. LASKEY, OF CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 306,763, dated October 21, 1884.
Application filed February 7, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN G. LASKEY, of Chelsea, in the county of Suffolk, State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a description sufficiently full, clear, and exact to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which said invention appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved plane; Fig. 2, a top plan view with the handle removed; Fig. 3, a vertical longitudinal section, and Fig. 4: a vertical transverse section of the body and iron.

Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the different figures of the drawings.

My invention relates more especially to the class of planes known as “block” planes; and it consists in a novel construction and arrangement of the parts, as hereinafter more fully set forth and claimed, by which a simpler, cheaper, lighter, and more effective device of this character is produced than is new in ordinary use.

The nature and operation of the improvement will be readily understood by all conversant with such matters from the following explanation, its extreme simplicity rendering an elaborate description unnecessary.

In the drawings, A represents the body, B the iron, and C the handle. The body is preferably composed of metal, and is provided with a dovetail channel, h, extending longitudinally along its under side to receive the iron, which is correspondingly beveled at the edges to fit the channel. The handle is preferably evolute in form, and is secured to the upper side of the body by the screws m, as shown in Fig. 3. The body is provided on either side with a vertical flange, G, and at its center with an elongated slot, D, extending lengthwise thereof between the ends of the handle, and fitted to work therein is a thumb-screw, E, having a wide annular flange, f, the screw entering a threaded hole, d, in a hub, K, on the iron, the hub projecting upwardly into the slot. A transverse slot, l, is cut through the body A. between the flanges G, the rear wall of this slot being inclined toward the handle C, the incline corresponding nearly with the incline of the cutting or beveled end z of the iron B. A shoe, H, having an upwardly-extending flange, v, on either side, is attached to the forward end of the plane, the flanges working in rabbets n, formed in the flanges G, and the face or lower side of the shoe being flush with the lower edges of the last-named flanges, which are cut away forward of the throat l to form ways for the shoe. A thumb-screw, J, provided with an annular flange, p, is fitted to work in a hole in the forward end of the body A, the screw entering a correspondingly-threaded hole, y, in a hub, b, on the shoe H, and the flange resting on the upper side of the body above the shoe. The lower edges of the flanges G are slightly rounded or beveled, as shown at x in Fig. 4, to prevent them from resting with their entire surface on the wood or article being planed.

In the use of my improvement the iron B is inserted in the channel h in the body A., with the bevel of its cutting end z uppermost, and, after being properly adjusted with respect to the throat l, is secured in position by turning in the screw E and bringing the flange f into forcible contact with the upper side of the body. The shoe H is then raised or lowered, as the case may be, by turning the screw J to the right or left until the lower side or face of the shoe is elevated above the lower side or face of the iron B a distance corresponding with the kerf or thickness of the shaving it is desired to cut, the plane being then ready for use.

I am aware that it is not new, broadly, to construct a plane in which the plane-iron constitutes a part of the bottom of the stock, said plane-iron being driven tightly into dove-tail grooves in said stock.

I am also aware that it is not new to construct a plane with a plane-iron arranged flat-wise in a recess in the under side of the stock extending backward a short distance from the throat, the rear end of said plane-iron being flush with the bearing-surface of the stock and the front end thereof adjustable vertically.

I am also aware that adjustable shoes are not new, broadly.

Having thus explained my invention, what I claim is —
1. The combination of a stock provided with a transverse throat, a dovetailed recess on its under side, and a longitudinal slot in rear of the throat, a plane-iron adapted to fit said recess, provided with a boss projecting into said slot, and having a threaded socket and a thumb-screw which enters said socket, and has a flange which projects over the side of the slot, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a stock provided with rabbets in its side checks and with at slot in its bottom in front of the throat, an adjustable shoe provided with upwardly-projecting flanges adapted to slide in said rabbets, and with a socket projecting upward into said slot, and a set-screw for adjusting said shoe, substantially as described.

STEPHEN G. LASKEY.

Witnesses:
C. A. SHAW,
L. J. WHITE.

No. 306,693 – Molding-Plane (James R. Lawrence) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”374″]306693

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES R. LAWRENCE, OF DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA,
ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO W. T. BLACKWELL, OF SAME PLACE.

MOLDING-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 306,693, dated October 14, 1884.
Application filed August 12, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES R. LAWRENCE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Durham, in the county of Durham and State of North Carolina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Molding-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a molding-plane for curved or circular work; and it consists in certain features hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings hereto annexed, Figure 1 is a bottom view of the plane. Fig. 2 is a side view showing a longitudinal section. Fig. 3 is a top view of the plane. Fig. 4 is an end view of the same. Figs. 5 and 6 show a specimen of the curved molding.

The body A is made of cast metal and has a flat sole, b. Its central part comprises a box or recess, c, which has around the inner sides next to the fiat sole an inward-projecting flange, d. At the forward end the body has on top a straight rib, e, extending lengthwise, on each side of which is a straight depression or groove, f. A clamp-screw, g, enters the straight rib and serves to hold the bit-stock H to its place. A knob or other suitable handle, I, is attached to the rear end. Attached to the body at one side is a guide-holder, k, which projects below the sole. The bit-stock H occupies the box or recess c, and the bit l may have its cutter-edge shaped to produce any desired style of molding, a specimen of which is shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The lower edges of the bit-stock rest upon the inward-projecting flange d, and the forward end has at central slit, n, which receives the rib e, and the bifurcations p occupy the straight grooves f each side of the rib. By this construction and arrangement of parts the clamp-screw g may be tightened on top of the bifurcations p, and thereby hold the bit-stock firmly to its seat. The flexible guide R is made, preferably, of a strip of steel thin enough to give it the desired flexible character, adapting it to be bent to suit the curvature of the work. The face q of this guide has position at a right angle to the sole b of the body, and while the latter, with the bit, sets upon the top b of the work to be planed (see Figs. 5 and 6) the guide bears against the curved edge q’. The guide-holder k is permanently attached to the plane-body at one side of the central box or recess. The flexible guide is rigidly secured to the holder k at its center s — that is, at a point midway of the ends of the guide. While the center of the guide is thus held immovable, the extremities may be pressed back or forth in either direction to any desired extent within certain limits, as shown and indicated in Fig. 1. A stay-brace, T, connects each end of the flexible guide with the body of the plane. These serve to hold the guide wherever it may be set — that is, either straight or curved. These stay-braces may have any construction that will enable them to be shifted so as to lengthen or shorten the connection, thereby to alter the adjustment of the flexible guide. In the present instance one end of the stay-braces is jointed at u to the flexible guide, and the other end of each brace has a slot, v. A set-screw, w, passes through the slot and enters the holder. When the set-screws are loosened, the slots allow the connections between the set-screws and the ends of the flexible guide to be lengthened or shortened, thereby causing the guide to be curved as desired. It will be seen that the plane will work in a straight line or in a circle, either inside or outside.

To set the guide for any desired work remove the bit-stock H, loosen the set-screws w, then place the plane-body on the work and press the flexible-guide up to the curve or circle and tighten the set-screws. Now replace the bit-stock and the plane is ready for the work. It will be seen that by this construction the cutting-bit may be set, then by removing the bit-stock and cutter the flexible guide may be readily adjusted to the work.

Having described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States —

1. A plane having a cast-metal body, A, provided with a central box or recess, c, a bit-stock, H, occupying the recess and having at its end a central slit, n, and bifurcations p, and a clamp-screw, g, in the body, and adapted to be tightened on top of the said bifurcations, as set forth.

2. A molding-plane having in combination a body, A, provided with a central box or recess, and a guide-holder, k, permanently attached at one side of said central box or recess and adapted to be readily removed therefrom, and a flexible adjustable guide secure to said holder, whereby the bit-stock and cutter may be removed to facilitate the adjustment of the flexible guide to the work, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

J. R. LAWRENCE.

Witnesses:
W. W. ELLINGTON,
S. W. CHAMBERLAIN.

No. 306,507 – Plane (Charles A. Meekins) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”373″]306507

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES A. MEEKINS, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 306,507, dated October 14, 1884.
Application filed March 27, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES A. MEEKINS, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a plan view of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a view in longitudinal central section of the same on plane denoted by line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail plan view of the clamping-lever. Fig. 4 is a detail view of a form of my device without the adjusting feature.

My invention relates to the class of planes in which are used clamping and slow-motion devices for the purpose of adjusting the plane iron to cut to diiferent depths.

It consists in the clamping device secured in the plane-body in front of the plane-iron, and in the adjusting device, and in the combination of these parts, as more particularly hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter a denotes a plane-body of ordinary form and of any desired material — as wood — having the handle b and the depthwise mortise c, in which the plane-iron d is held.

In a socket, e, in the plane-body, and in front of the plane-iron, is placed a clamping-lever, f, having the arms f’, the ends of which bear upon the upper face of the plane-iron,as seen in Fig. 4, or upon the upper edge of the rocking lever g. which forms a part of the plane-iron-adjusting mechanism. This lever f is fulcrumed on the downward-projecting lugs a’, which are fast to or a part of the plane-body, and a screw, h, operates in a threaded socket, f”, in the lever. Fast to this rotary screw h is a handle, h’, having a shoulder on its lower end, that bears against the upper surface of the plane-body. By operating the screw h the inner end of the clamping-lever f may be raied or lowered at will, binding or loosening the plane-iron.

Fast to the upper side of the plane-iron d is a cap-iron, i, curved lengthwise in such manner as to afford a space between the cap-iron and the plane-iron for the working of the rocking lever g. This lever is operated by means of an adjusting-screw, k, moving in a socket in the cap-iron, and has a round surface, g’, bearing upon the upper surface of the plane-iron, and directly opposite the bearing-face upward-projecting arms g”, that extend through an opening in the cap-iron and take into open sockets f”’ on the lower side of the arms f’ of the clamping-lever.

The parts being assenibled as shown in Fig. 2 of drawings, the plane-iron is clamped in any desired position in the mortise by means of the lever and the screw h, and the longitudinal adjustrnent of the plane-iron is effected by means of the screw k, which, by rocking the lever g while the extremity of the short arm of the lever is held in the socket of clamp,which is fixed against longitudinal motion, thus causes the iron to move.

I claim as my invention —

1. In combination, a plane-body, a, bearing plane-iron d, having a socket, e, in front of the plane-iron, in which is seated the clamping-lever f, with feet f’, arranged to press upon the plane-iron, and the longer arm of the lever moved by means of the threaded screw h, having a handle, h’, all substantially as described.

2. In combination, a plane-body, a, bearing a plane-iron, d, and having mortise c and socket e, clamping-lever f, with feet f’, which bear upon the upper face of the plane-iron, and is fulcrumed on lugs a’, fast to the plane-body, and has a threaded socket, f2, in which the screw h is operated by means of the handle h’, all substantially as described.

3. In combination, in a plane, a plane-iron bearing between the plane-iron and a cap-iron, a bent lever having a curved bearing-surface in contact with the upper surface of the plane-iron, and its shorter arm engaging a socket in the extremity of a clamping-lever, with means for operating the adjusting-lever, all substantially as described.

CHARLES A. MEEKINS.

Witnesses:
W. H. MARSH,
A. C. TANNER.

No. 305,603 – Cabinet-Scraper (John A. Keiser) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”372″]305603

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN A. KEISER, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

CABINET-SCRAPER.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 305,603, dated September 23, 1884.
Application filed June 30, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN A. KEISER, a citizen of the United States,and resident of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cabinet-Scrapers, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof.

My invention relates to an improved cabinet-scraper.

Figure 1 is a top plan view of my improvement. Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the same; Fig. 3, a section on line x x, Fig. 1; Fig. 4, a perspective view of the pivoted clamp; Fig. 5, a section on line z z, Fig. 1.

A A’ represent the handle of the scraper. The stock of the tool is composed of the following parts.

B b represent the face of the scraper; C, a slot separating the faces in which the cutter is set.

D represents a ledge, against which the cutter c is clamped. This ledge is rigidly attached to the face B, the parts forming an L, as shown in Fig. 3. F represents the ends of the stock, from which the handles A A’ spring, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

E e represent arms forming a part of the end plates of the stock F, for firmly holding face b rigidly in a plane parallel with face B.

G represents a pivotal clamp for clamping the knife c against the ledge D. This clamp is suspended on pivots a to the end plates ofthe stock F, passing through ears d of the clamp G.

H represents a lever-arm extending upward a considerable distance above the pivots of ears d.

I represents a set-screw tapping through the arms H, the point of which bears against the ledge D and forces the lower edge of clamp G against the cutter c at its lower end, and firnily clamps it against D.

This tool is very cheap, strong, and efficient. The cutter c works clear to the ends of face B b, and is a decided improvement over the tool shown in Letters Patent granted Samuel C. Tatum & Co., my assignees, June 10, 1884, No. 300,266, and other tools for the same purpose hitherto used.

Instead of screw I, a cam may be used to operate the clamp, and would be the equivalent therefor.

I do not broadly claim a stock having rigid faces separated by a slot, and the front face strengthened by arms forming part of the ends of the stock; nor do I claim, broadly, a cutting-bit attached to an oscillating plate adjustable by a thumb-screw and spring; nor a spokeshave having a bearing-surface in front of the cutter applied by a lever having an adjusting-screw for regulating the width of the month, the thickness of its cut, or the shaving; and I do not broadly claim the bearing-surface of a stock provided with a ledge or flange serving as a bearing for the cutting-bit.

I claim —

1. A cabinet-shave consisting of the stock F, rigid faces B b, separated by slot C, the part b being braced by arms E e, forming part of the end plates of the stock, ledge D, and cutter c, clamped against the ledge, substantially as described.

2. A cabinet-shave consisting of the stock F, rigid faces B b, separated by slot C, ledge D, and clamp G, pivoted to stock F, and adapted to clamp a cutter, c, against the ledge D, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

JNO. A. KEISER.

Witnesses:
MILTON DASHIELL,
SAML. E. HILLES.

No. 305,602 – Bench-Plane (John A. Keiser) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”371″]305602

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN A. KEISER, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 305,602, dated September 23, 1884.
Application filed June 30, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN A. KEISER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in benoh-planes; and it has for its object to provide novel and efficient means for adjustably connecting the cutter with the plane-stock. This I accomplish in the manner and by the construction and combination of devices hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improvement. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on line x x, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the side gage. Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of the side gage and fastening-clamp. Fig. 5 is a detail view of the clamping device.

A represents the base of my plane-stock; B, the side of the stock, G, the handle; c, the ledge on which cutter a rests and is secured.

D represents the cutter-clamp, which is operated as follows:

E represents a bell-crank lever, which is pivoted at e and the side of the stock B.

b represents the arm of bell-crank lever, to which the clamp D is pivotally attached.

b’ represents a shoulder or stop for limiting the pivotal movement of clamp D on arm b, to force the points d down upon the cutter a.

The crank E is made to have two bearing-points, d d. The clamp D is raised and lowered by the movement of the bell-crank lever E. When occupying the position shown in Fig. 1, the clamp D is forced down upon the cutter a, and holds it securely in position. When it is desired to readjust the cutter a, or to take it out, the bell-crank E is lifted up, which moves the points of the clamp away from contact with the cutter a, and allows it to be removed or adjusted.

F represents a mortise or opening pierced through the side of the stock B.

G represents the adjustable side gage, which is provided with a mortise, g, through which is inserted a clamp, and a slot, h, which slides over the shank of the clamp, for allowing the gage G to be adjusted.

H represents a headed clamp-bolt.

I represents the shank of the same, over which the slot h of the gage G moves up or down for its adjustment.

K represents a cam or eccentric lever pivoted to the shank I, which, when turned up, bears against the face of the gage G, securely clamping it in position by drawing the head of clamp-bolt H against the side of the plane-stock, and the cam clamping or pressing against the outside of the gage G. When the lever K is turned down, gage G is released, so that it may be adjusted to the desired height. The mortise g is sufficiently large to allow the eccentric-lever K to pass through the opening g, for the engagement of the slot h, upon the shank I of the clamp-bolt. This device may be readily adjusted and attached to, or removed from the plane. By this method of constructing the side gage the metal of the plane-stock is but slightly weakened, and a very convenient detachable gage is obtained.

I Claim —

In combination with the plane A B, having the ledge c, and the bell-crank E, pivoted to the side of the plane and pivotally connected to the cutter-clamp D, said bell-crank being provided with stop b’, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

JOHN A. KEISER.

Witnesses:
A. GLUCHOWSKY,
A. E. SCOTT.

No. 305,393 – Plane-Bit (William F. Kellett) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”370″]305393

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM F. KELLETT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PLANE-BIT.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 305,393, dated September 16, 1884.
Application filed May 26, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM F. KELLETT, a citizen of the United States, and residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Plane-Bits, which is fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan view of a plane-bit containing my iniprovement with the base A uppermost. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same with the cap B uppermost. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the base A. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the chisel or planing-knife. Fig. 5 is a detail section of same on line x x, Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a detail section taken on line y y, Fig. 2. Fig.
7 is a section taken on line z z, Fig. 2.

My improvement relates to that class of planing-tools known as “hand-planes,” and particularly to the parts known as the “plane irons.”

In the drawings, A is the base or holder; B, the cap; C, the chisel or planing-knife; D and E, set-screws.

In the general manufacture of planes by the old method the base or holder A is made of expensive steel, because it also has to serve the purpose of the chisel or planing-knife, and it is necessarily quite heavy in order to give it the requisite rigidity or stiffness.

In the manufacture of a plane containing my improvement the base A and cap B can be made of iron or cheap steel inasmuch as they carry no knife-edges and perform no other function than that of a clamp or vise which holds the chisel C in proper adjustment to the rest of the plane. The chisel C is made of the best quality of saw-plate or other line sheet-steel, and is fastened to the base or holder A by any proper device. I have provided for this purpose the set-screw D and nut G, and set-screw E, and cap B. The set-screw D passes through a suitable hole, w, in the chisel C, and runs in the slot n in the holder or base A. The set-screw E plays in the slot o of the base A, and passing through the slot s in the chisel C screws in the threaded hole r in the cap B.

When it is desired to sharpen. the chisel, the set-screw E and the nut G are released, and the chisel C is moved forward. When the sharpening has been completed, the chisel is moved into proper adjustment and the set-screws are tightened.

The chisel C is made of thin non-self-supporting material, and could not be used alone, but must be supported by some means similar to the systems of irons which I use. It is designed to perform no function save that of a chisel or cutter. The lower end of the base is lipped or turned up, and the lower end of the cap is lipped or turned down, so as to come together and make a snug joint in which to hold the lower end of the chisel.

In putting the parts together of course it is understood that the cap B is uppermost when the chisel is in the plane, and the chisel C and base A would be placed accordingly for the purpose of best fulfilling their several functions. In practice, I so adjust the chisel C relatively to the base A that the bevel of the cutting-edge of the chisel forms a continuous surface with the bevel of the lower edge of the base, this being the most effective position of the parts.

Planes thus made will be less expensive and more easily adjusted and sharpened than those made after the old fashion. When the plane-bit is being set in the plane it is customary to strike the upper end of the base A with a hammer for the purpose of driving down the chisel. I have therefore provided a cap, K, which is made somewhat in the shape of a greatly-broadened old-fashioned wooden clothes-pin, and which, coming down over the end of the base A is riveted to it by the rivets a a. This cap receives the hammer-blows, and thus protects the end which without this protection would be upset and battered down. The cap can be easily removed and replaced at trifling expense. This cap may be applied to plane-irons made in the old way.

I am aware of the patent to Seely and Locke, No. 24,335, June 7, 1859, and do not wish to be understood as claiming the construction therein shown and described; nor do I wish to be understood as claiming, broadly, a plane-bit clamped between a cap and base or back plate, as said construction is old.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with the base plate having the thin steel chisel adjustably connected therewith, the adjacent surfaces of the two being plane surfaces, of the cap connected with the base-plate by a clamp-screw to clamp the chisel rigidly against the back plate, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. The combination, with the slotted base-plate, of the chisel connected therewith by a clamp-screw at its upper end, whereby the chisel may be adjusted longitudinally on the base-plate, and of the cap connected with the base-plate by a clamp-screw, whereby the chisel may be firmly clamped against the base-plate, when so adjusted, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. The cornbination, with the base A, chisel C, and cap B, provided with the slots o n s, and holes r w, of the set-screw E, and set-screw D, and nut G, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The combination, with the base A, of the cap K, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

WM. F. KELLETT.

Witnesses:
G. E. FAULKNER,
LEONARD WATSON.

No. 303,338 – Bench-Plane (John F. Taber And William F. Gibbs) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”369″]303338

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN F. TABER AND WILLIAM F. GIBBS, OF CLARION, IOWA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 303,338, dated August 12, 1884.
Application filed June 3, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN F. TABER. and WILLIAM F. GIBBS, citizens of the United States, residing at Clarion, in the county of Wright and State of Iowa, have lnvented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and we do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The object of this improvement is a bench-plane with a reversible bearing-plate for either closing the throat of the plane, and thereby adapting it to cutting smoothly across the grain of the wood, or opening its throat, and thereby adapting it to ordinary service. These results are attained by the mechanism illustrated in the drawings herewith filed as part hereof, in which the same letters of reference denote the same parts in the different views.

Figure 1 is a sectional front elevation of a bench-plane embodying the features of our improvement. Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation. Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the throat of the plane open for ordinary planing. Fig. ft is a top view of the reversible plate. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the same.

A is the plane-stock. B is the bit, of ordinary construction. C represents the usual wedge. The face of the plane is provided with a suitable recess, a, for the reception of a centrally-perforated reversible plate, D, having its opposite corners on one side cut away or converted, substantially as shown, and provided with recesses c c’ for the reception of the head E’ of the bolt E, which passes through the plane-stock A, and is provided at its upper end with a hand-nut, F, having a milled rim, f, and which screws down on the plane-stock, and rigidly secures the plate D in position. By adjusting the plate D with its flat side down or the corners d adjacent to the point of the bit B, the throat of the plane will be substantially closed, as shown in Fig. 2, and as the ordinary rising action of the shaving will thus be prevented, the bit will cut smoothly across the grain. By reversing the plate or turning its curved sides down, as shown in Fig. 3, the throat G will be opened, and the plane thus adapted for ordinary service.

Having explained the construction and operation of our improvement, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The reversible plate D, having opposite convexed corners on one side, and recesses c c’ on opposite sides for the reception of the head E’ of the bolt E, in combination with the plane-stock A, leaving a recess, a, in the face or sole of the plane, forward of the bit, and immediately adjoining and continued into the throat G’ substantially as specified, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN F. TABER.
WILLIAM F. GIBBS.

Witnesses:
C. F. PETERSON,
A. R. LADD.