No. 496,267 – Plane (Edward Maddox) (1893)

[paiddownloads id=”490″]496267

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDWARD MADDOX, OF VICTORIA, CANADA.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 496,267, dated April 25, 1893.
Application filed August 3, 1892. Serial No. 442,089. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD MADDOX, of Victoria, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention contemplates certain new and useful improvements in planes, and has for its object the production of a cheap, simple and highly efficient plane in which the cutting blade can be readily and easily adjusted and firmly held at any desired point.

The invention comprises a plane having its stock or body provided with an opening an adjustable cutting-blade, a screw in engagement with a threaded portion of said blade for effecting the adjustment thereof, a spring closing the rear portion of said opening and bearing on said blade, and a locking plate or lever having a short arm designed to bear upon and lock said spring, substantially as hereinafter fully set forth and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings: — Figure 1 is a view in perspective of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view thereof, on the line x–x, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a view of the binding spring removed.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the stock or body which is preferably formed of metal and is hollowed or chambered; and a is the ordinary opening, terminating at its lower end in a transverse slot a’.

B is a screw-rod or spindle, provided with a threaded portion b, an inner reduced end b’, and a milled head b2, which is on the outer end of said spindle outside of the rear end of stock or body A, said spindle being projected through a hole or opening in said end. The forward reduced end b’ of screw-rod B is supported by an apertured cross-plate or partition b3 formed with stock A.

C is the cutting blade, having a forward widened cutting end d, and provided with grooves or disconnected threads d’ on the under side of its shank corresponding to the threaded portion of screw-rod B, which engages therewith. By turning this screw rod the cutting end of the blade can be made to project over or withdrawn from the transverse slot a’, according to the position to which it is desired to adjust the blade.

D is the binding spring, having an upper short arm d2 and a lower long arm d3, said arms being connected together by a curved portion d4 which closes the upper, rear portion of the opening a. The upper end of this connecting portion is designed to fit against a shoulder d5 of inclined wall d6 of stock or body A. The arm d2 is slightly bent or curved downward, while the lower arm d3 has a central bulge or curved portion d7.

E is a locking plate or lever, which comprises a bent or curved arm e and an inner angular, short arm e’. This locking plate or lever is pivotally connected by a cross-pin e2 projected through stock A, between the sides of which the curved arm e snugly fits when the locking plate or lever is closed. A shoulder or off-set e3 is formed on the upper, inner end of arm e’, and the same is designed to engage the outer end of the upper arm of spring D and force the same upward, while the outer end of short arm e’, when the locking plate or lever is closed, binds firmly down upon the curved or bulged portion of the lower arm of said spring. Thus by means of the locking plate or lever the cutting blade can be firmly bound at any point, its adjustment being effected by the turning of the screw-rod when said locking plate is opened, so as to relieve the spring pressure.

The advantages of my invention are apparent to those skilled in the art to which it appertains. It will be seen that I have produced a plane which is simple; inexpensive; and free from all complications; and one in which the cutting blade can be readily adjusted to any desired position and firmly held at any point to which so adjusted.

I claim as my invention —

1. The herein-described improved plane, comprising the hollow stock or body having central opening, the cutting blade having grooves or disconnected threads in its under side, the inclined screw-rod located in and inclosed by said stock or body and having its spindle extended beyond said stock or body, the binding spring also inclosed by said stock or body and the locking plate or lever, pivotally secured to said stock or body and designed to engage and bind said spring, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of the stock or body having a central opening, the adjustable cutting blade, and the binding spring bearing on said blade and having a curved portion inclosing the rear portion of said opening, substantially as set forth.

3. The herein-described improved plane, comprising the stock or body having a central opening, the cutting blade having threads, the rod or spindle having a threaded portion in engagement with said threads of the cutting blade, the spring closing the rear portion of said opening and having upper and lower curved arms, the latter bearing on said cutting blade, and the locking plate or lever fulcrumed between the sides of said stock or body and having its short arm provided with a shoulder or off-set designed to engage said upper arm of said spring, said arm at its lower end engaging said lower arm of said spring substantially as set forth.

4. The herein-described improved plane, comprising the stock or body having a central opening, the cutting blade, means for adjusting the same, the spring having upper and lower curved arms and a curved connecting portion designed to close the rear portion of said opening in the stock or body, and the locking plate or lever fulcrumed between the sides of said stock or body and having short arms designed to engage the arms of said spring and bind the latter, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDWARD MADDOX.

Witnesses:
OAK P. MYERS,
GEORGE McCAULAY.

No. 493,903 – Bench-Plane (Granville W. Wright) (1893)

[paiddownloads id=”489″]493903

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT,
ASSIGNOR TO THE SARGENT & COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 493,903, dated March 21, 1893.
Application filed October 19, 1891. Serial No. 409,156. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT, of New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a longitudinal central section of the plane complete; Fig. 2, a top or plan view of the stock with the bit removed; Fig. 3, an under side or rear view of the bit; Fig. 4, a transverse section cutting on line x–x of Fig. 1 looking forward.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of bench-planes in which the stock is made from metal, and in which the bit is made mechanically adjustable both as to depth of cut and as to transverse position, and particularly to those planes of this class in which the bit is single, that is without an adjustable cap upon its face. In the more general construction of planes of this character the transverse adjustment of the bit to vary its edge with relation to the face of the stock, is produced by a lever hung in the stock below the bit, the lever constructed with a projection which will extend up into a notch or slot in the bit, consequently the wear to which the bit may be subjected is considerably limited, as after a little wear, the point of engagement of the bit with the adjusting lever will have passed so far down from the lever as to prevent such engagement, consequently after a little wear the bit must be exchanged for a new bit with which the adjusting-lever may engage.

The object of my invention is to provide the lever a laterally adjusting arrangement, but so as to make the extent of wear to which the bit may be subjected unlimited so far as the adjusting device is concerned, and it consists in the construction hereinafter described and particularly recited in the claims.

A, represents the stock, of usual construction, B, the bit which is adapted to rest upon the bed below, in the usual manner, and upon its upper side is arranged a clamping lever C, which engages with a screw D, from the bed, through a slot in the bit, and between the bit and the lever above or in rear of the screw D, an adjusting-screw E, is arranged provided with a head F, by which it may be rotated. One end of the screw is threaded into a corresponding nut in the lever C, and the other end bears upon the upper side of the bit, so that by turning the screw, the bit will be clamped upon its bed, or released therefrom, accordingly as the screw is turned in one direction or the other, a common and well known device for securing the bit in place.

Upon the under side of the bit a toothed rack G, is formed, into which the teeth H, of a segment or lever H’ hung upon an axis I, below the bit work, the hub of the segment extending rearward, forms an arm J, by means of which the segment may be swung in a longitudinal plane for the adjustment of the bit to produce a greater or less extent of depth of cut. The segment is operated by means of an adjusting-screw K, in a well known manner. Upon the under side of the bit a lever is hung directly to the bit, upon a pivot L. As here represented the lever is of thin metal, and the pivot is screwed through a corresponding hole in the lever into the bit, so as to permit the lever to swing freely. One arm M, of the lever extends rearward, and terminates in a suitable handle N, the other arm O, extends downward below the pivot L, and as seen in Fig. 3. On the stock below the bit, a longitudinal recess is formed by two upwardly projecting ribs or long narrow posts P P, see Figs. 2 and 4. These ribs are parallel with each other and with the plane-stock with respect to the length thereof, and have their upper edges correspondingly inclined forward to form the rear support of the plane-bit which has bearing upon them. The distance between the two ribs corresponds to the width of the end of the arm O, of the laterally adjusting lever, so that when the bit is set in place, the lower end of the arm O, will stand in the recess between the two ribs P P so that these ribs will form a fulcrum, upon which the lever may swing to the right or left, and as the lever is so swung, as indicated in broken lines Fig. 3, the fulcrum end of the arm O, being held fast in the recess between the ribs P P, it follows that the pivot L, will be moved accordingly, and that the end of the bit will be turned to the right or left, and such turning of the bit changes the parallelism of the edge of the bit with relation to the plane of the face of the stock.

When lateral adjustment is required to bring the edge of the bit into the proper parallelism with the plane of the stock, the laterally adjusting lever is turned accordingly, as before described. It is to be observed that the two levers by which the squaring of the bit is effected and the depth of the cut is gaged, respectively, act entirely independently of each other so that the operation of one does not affect the operation of the other, the two levers having independent connection with the bit.

By hanging the lever directly to the bit instead of to the stock, it maintains always the same position with relation to the bit; as the bit wears away the lever simply extends farther downward into the recess within which its lower arm O, works, and so that the bit cannot get beyond the control of the lever because of the wearing away of the bit, as by grinding, &c. The construction is simple and very effective.

As herein shown, the axis or horizontal pin I, on which the segment or lever H’, is hung, is located between the said ribs or posts P P in a vertical slot P’, formed midway of the length of a web P2, which joins the said posts or ribs with which it is made integral.

From the foregoing it will be understood that I do not claim broadly a bench-plane having the bit laterally adjustable, but I am aware that planes have been constructed with a lateral adjusting lever hung to the under side of the bit, and so as to take its fulcrum on the stock, but in such case it has been necessary to make the lever adjustable on the bit, whereas by constructing the stock with a longitudinal recess within which the end of the lever may work as a fulcrum, the permanent hanging of the lever to the bit is made practicable. I do not therefore wish to be understood as broadly claiming hanging the lateral adjusting lever directly to the bit.

What I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination with a stock constructed at its rear end with a central longitudinal recess, of a bit, and an adjusting-lever pivotally attached to the outer end of the same, and extending rearward to be grasped for manual operation, and forward and downward to enter between and engage with the parallel side walls of the said recess at different points in the length thereof according to the position of the bit in the plane-stock, the said walls forming points of purchase for the operation of the lever in squaring the bit in the stock, substantially as set forth, and whereby the lever is always preserved in its right relation to the bit, although the same must constantly be moved forward in the stock as it becomes shorter through wear and grinding.

2. In a bench plane, the combination with a stock constructed at its rear end with two vertical ribs or posts extending parallel with each other and with the stock, and having their upper ends forwardly inclined correspondingly; of a bit having its rear support upon the said inclined upper ends of the said ribs or posts, an adjusting-lever mounted in the stock for vertical movement, and engaging directly with the bit which it adjusts vertically, and an adjusting lever pivotally secured to the rear end of the said bit, and extending rearward for manual operation and forward to enter between and engage with the said ribs or posts at different points in the length thereof according to the position of the bit in the stock, the said ribs forming points of purchase for the operation of the lever in squaring the bit in the stock, substantially as set forth, and whereby the said lever last mentioned is always preserved in its right relation to the bit, although the same must be constantly moved forward in the stock as it becomes shorter through wear, and grinding, whereby also the two levers act on the bit independently of each other.

3. In a bench-plane the combination with a stock constructed at its rear end with two vertical ribs or posts parallel with each other and with the length of the stock, having their upper ends forwardly inclined correspondingly, and joined by a vertically slotted web which is located between them; of a bit having its lower face provided with a longitudinal rack and having its rear support upon the said posts; an adjusting lever pivotally secured to the outer end of the said bit to the rear of the said rack, and extending rearward for manual operation, and forward to enter between and engage with the said posts or ribs at different points in the length thereof according to the position of the bit in the said stock, the said ribs forming points of purchase for the operation of the lever in squaring the bit in the stock; a lever pivoted in the vertical slot formed in the web between the ribs, and taking at its forward end into the rack formed in the lower face of the bit; and means for adjusting the said lever up and down, substantially as set forth, and whereby the adjusting lever pivoted to the bit is always preserved in its right relation thereto, although the same must constantly be moved forward in the stock as it becomes shorter through wear and grinding.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM S. COOKE,
CHAS. L. BALDWIN.

No. 485,923 – Truing Device For Bench-Planes (John Porcius Gage) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”488″]485923

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN PORCIUS GAGE, OF VINELAND, NEW JERSEY.

TRUING DEVICE FOR BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 485,923, dated November 8, 1892.
Application filed March 31, 1892. Serial No. 427,209. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN PORCIUS GAGE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Vineland, in the county of Cumberland and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Truing Devices for Bench-Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of the device and is a perspective view. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of same.

This invention relates to certain novel devices for truing up or facing off the working or face side of carpenters’ bench-planes; and it consists in the novel construction and combination of parts, as hereinafter specified.

The invention more particularly consists in providing an abrasive surface held upon a suitable support in such a manner that all parts thereof will in so far as possible lie in the same plane, so that by rubbing the working face of the plane over such surface said face will be left perfectly true and smooth, which is a necessary qualification for a tool of this character. For truing up wooden planes this abrasive surface consists in a strip of ordinary sandpaper arranged in the manner above specified, while with metal planes emery-paper is employed.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated a convenient and effective manner of arranging the abrasive material, which consists in providing an elongated frame or table A, formed from a heavy metal casting having the horizontal portion B, the surface of which is in so far as possible a true plane, and is supported by the integral vertical depending flanges J, reinforced at intervals by the transverse portions K. Along the lateral outer faces of the flanges J are projecting lugs k, located at intervals, by means of which the table may be rigidly held in a stationary position in a suitable block or support. Over the upper surface of the horizontal portion B is tightly stretched a strip of sand or emery paper C, which is made secure at its ends in such a manner as to insure against an endwise or lateral displacement. In the drawings I have shown this as effected by bringing the ends of the paper over the ends of the frame or table and under depending flanges c, between which flanges and the ends D of the table are driven wedges P. Tapered wedges P are also driven under the paper from opposite sides against the flanges c. Should the paper become slack, these wedges may be driven in a greater distance. The heavy casting forming the table or support forms an effective means for the purpose, in that it is free from any vibration and renders the operation of the device very satisfactory. It will be understood, however, that I do not desire to limit myself to any especial devices for holding the paper in place, as such devices may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

Having described this invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The herein-described device for truing up the working faces of bench-planes and other articles, said device comprising a heavy oblong rectangular metal casting having a true upper horizontal surface and formed at its ends with the under transverse lugs and a strip or piece of material provided with an abrasive surface stretched tightly over the true surface of said casting, the ends of said strip or piece being extended over the ends of the casting and clamped in said under transverse lugs, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN PORCIUS GAGE.

Witnesses:
JOHN S. GAGE,
W. W. BENTHALL.

No. 483,294 – Spokeshave (Edward D. White) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”487″]483294

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDWARD D. WHITE, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

SPOKESHAVE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 483,294, dated September 27, 1892.
Application filed January 22, 1892. Serial No. 418,975. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD D. WHITE, of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Spokeshaves, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, whereby any one skilled in the art can make and use the same.

The special object of my invention is to provide a tool belonging to the class of spoke-shaves that shall be particularly adapted to cutting leather, although it is equally adapted for other uses; and to this end it consists of the details of the several parts making up the spokeshave as a whole and in their combination, as more particularly hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a detail front view of a spolreshave embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a detail view of the under side of the spokeshave. Fig. 3 is a detail view, in cross-section, through the spokeshave, illustrating the method of supporting and adjusting the throat-piece. Fig. 4 is a detail rear view of a portion of a spokeshave embodying my invention.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter a denotes the body part of the spokeshave, made usually of wood and provided at the opposite ends with handles a’, by means of which the tool is held in working.

The letter b denotes a throat-piece located on the under side of the body part of the shave and connected to it by means of screws c, that pass through the upturned arms b’ at opposite ends of the throat-piece. These arms are preferably located in sockets formed in the body part of the shave and are secured by means of these screws or bolts, that pass through holes in the upper ends of the arms, the hole being slightly larger in diameter than the supporting bolt or screw in order to allow the throat-piece to have a swinging movement on such supports. In order to provide for this adjusting movement of the throat-piece, the edge of which extends lengthwise of the blade and immediately in front thereof, the head d’ of a bolt d engages a socket d2, formed in the upper part of the throat-piece, the bolt having a threaded portion extending through the nut e, that is secured to the body part of this spokeshave. The upper end of this bolt is provided with a thumb-nut or suitable handle, by means of which the bolt may be rotated in such manner as to change the position of the front edge of the throat-piece, so as to regulate the width of the opening between the cutting-edge of the blade and the edge of the throat-piece. The blade f is removable and adjustable, and it is secured to the body part of the spokeshave by means of clamp devices, that are located at the opposite ends of the blade. These clamp devices g comprise a bed-piece g’, against which the back part of the blade rests, and which may be formed by the surface of the spokeshave when such part is of metal, but when of wood are preferably formed by pieces of metal located in a suitable socket, and a holding part g2, that is connected by means of a bolt g3 with a nut g4, that fits on the threaded upper end of the bolt that extends through the body of the shave. The ends f’ of the blade proper are beveled and are made irregular, preferably by serrating such edges or forming a number of teeth that are engaged by corresponding teeth formed in the beveled edge of the clamp-plate. These serrations or indentations have a double function, taken in connection with the bevel of the edge: first, to provide for the adjustment of the blade in the direction of the throat-piece, and, next, to enable the blade to be removed and renewed after grinding or replaced by a new blade. The indentations or serrations are made sufficiently close together to permit of any needed degree of forward adjustment of the blade to compensate for the wear of the cutting-edge.

The cutting-blade in my improved spoke-shave is both renewable and adjustable and is clamped by positive clamping means formed to prevent the blade from slipping when the spokeshave is in use, and the blade being of a single piece, without any projecting parts at right angles to the blade, which are needed in old forms of spokeshave, may be ground on any grindstone without regard to its width, and such a blade is therefore readily sharpened. Two or more blades may be provided, so that in case the spokeshave is being used at a distance from a shop where such repairs may be made a new and sharp one may be readily inserted in the place of one that by use has become broken or dulled.

A particular advantage of the adjustable throat-piece is that the spokeshave can be adjusted to out a shaving of any desired thickness, and the throat-piece may also be so adjusted as to project beyond the cutting-edge, and serves as a guard for it. When the throat has become clogged by shavings, it is readily cleared by simply enlarging the opening by a simple turn of the adjustable bolt.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a spokeshave, in combination with the body part, the adjustable throat-piece comprising a flat portion, the upturned arms, the fastening means whereby the throat-piece is loosely secured to the body part of the spokeshave, and the clamp-screw whereby the throat-piece is adjusted, the removable blade having the beveled and serrated ends, and the clamp devices having the corresponding beveled and serrated edges, all substantially as described.

2. In a spokeshave, in combination with the body part, an adjustable throat-piece comprising a flat portion, the upturned arms having sockets, the bolt or like part smaller in diameter than said sockets for loosely securing the throat-piece to the body portion of the spokeshave, the clamp-screw whereby the throat-piece is adjusted, the removable blade having the beveled and serrated ends, and the clamp devices having the corresponding beveled and serrated edges, all substantially as described.

3. In a spokeshave, in combination with the body part, the adjustable throat-piece comprising a flat portion, the upturned arms, the fastening means whereby the throat-piece is loosely secured to the body part of the spokeshave, the adjusting-screw having its lower end engaging a socket in the throat-piece and a threaded portion engaging the body of the spokeshave, whereby said adjusting-screw has a vertical movement, the removable blade having the beveled and serrated ends, and the clamp device having the corresponding beveled and serrated edges, all substantially as described.

4. In a spokeshave, in combination with the body part, the adjustable throat-piece comprising a flat portion, the upturned arms, the fastening means whereby the throat-piece is loosely secured to the body part of the spokeshave, the adjusting-screw having its lower end engaging a socket in the throat-piece and a threaded portion engaging a nut located on the body of the spokeshave, the nut, the means for turning the adjusting-screw, the removable blade having the beveled and serrated ends, and the clamp devices having the corresponding beveled and serrated edges, all substantially as described.

EDWARD D. WHITE.

Witnesses:
HARRY S. POWERS,
EDWARD J. PEARSON.

No. 473,087 – Plane-Iron (Edmund A. Schade) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”486″]473087

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE-IRON.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 473,087, dated April 19, 1892.
Application filed January 8, 1891. Serial No. 377,120. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, EDMUND A. SCHADE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Irons, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in plane-irons; and the objects of my improvement are to facilitate the manufacture of the plane-iron, to improve its quality when made, and to make the plane-iron capable of being worn down farther than the old style of iron used in connection with certain planes.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my plane-iron with cap-iron attached. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the under side of said plane-iron as laid upon the cap-iron, illustrating the manner of putting the two together; and Fig. 3 is a face view of the plane-iron in position upon the frog of the plane-stock and much worn, a portion of the plane-stock being shown in section.

The general form of the plane-iron B is the same as that in ordinary use, and the cap-iron C, with its large-headed holding-screw D, is also of ordinary construction. I provide the plane-iron B with a longitudinal slot 4, through which the body of the holding-screw D passes in holding the cap-iron upon the plane-iron and permitting the cap-iron to be adjusted up and down thereon. Instead of making the enlargement to let pass the head of the screw D, at the upper end of the plane-iron, as in the ordinary plane, I form said circular enlargement 5, at the end of the slot 4, which is nearest the cutting-edge 6. This enlargement comes so near the cutting-edge that when the screw is in the enlargement and the cap-iron and plane-iron have their edges parallel to each other, the cap-iron will project considerably over the cutting-edge. If the two parts should be held in this position when the head of the screw is being passed through the enlargement 5, in order to assemble the plane-iron and cap-iron, and then the cap-iron should be drawn upwardly to bring the screw into the slot the cap-iron would be liable to strike the cutting-edge and dull it. Instead of assembling the parts in this manner, the cap-iron and plane-iron should be held at right angles to each other and the screw-head passed through the enlargement 5, as shown in Fig. 2. The cap-iron may then be drawn upward to the upper part of the plane-iron to bring its screw into the slot and the cap-iron then turned around and secured in position, as shown in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated the plane-iron as nearly worn out by repeatedly grinding off its edge, and I have shown the same in connection with a plane-stock E, its frog F, and a laterally-adjusting lever G, having a roller 7, that projects and enters the slot 4; in the plane-iron for adjusting the same laterally. 8 designates the upper end of the lever that takes into the cap-iron for adjusting the plane-iron endwise, all as in ordinary planes; but in said figure the cap-iron is not shown, in order to better show the friction-roller 7 of the laterally-adjusting lever as it lies in the slot of the plane-iron. It will be seen that this friction-roller is still some distance from the upper end of the slot and that it may still properly engage the plane-iron until the latter is worn much shorter than shown, and so short as to wear into the circular enlargement 5 at the lower end of the slot. I have also shown in Fig. 3 in broken lines, as at 9, the contour of the circular enlargement, which is ordinarily at the upper end of the plane-iron, and it will readily be seen that with such an enlargement at the upper end of the plane-iron the laterally-adjusting lever would be inoperative.

By my improvement I adapt the plane-iron to be worn down closer than in the ordinary plane-iron and to operate in connection with the laterally-adjusting lever until the plane-iron is completely worn cut. By making the circular enlargement at the end of the slot, which is nearest the cutting-edge, I am enabled to make the plane-irons by pressing them out from sheet-steel and to harden and temper them to a point up to or beyond the lower edge of this circular enlargement with less liability of cracking the plane-irons at this point, so that fewer irons are lost in hardening and tempering, and they are less liable to become cracked or broken at said point after they are put into use. This is because there are no angular notches at the lower end of the slot from which a crack will start, and because the slot opens into the circular enlargement, so that it is less liable to strain in the expansion and contraction of the metal during the hardening and tempering process. Care is generally taken in hardening the ordinary plane-bit not to harden it quite up to the slot ; but by my improvement such care is not necessary.

I claim as my invention —

In a plane, the combination of a plane-iron having a longitudinal slot 4 with the circular enlargement at its lower end, said slot extending up near to the upper end of the bit without any enlargement at said upper end, and a laterally-adjustilig lever having a projecting part fitted to work in the upper end of said slot, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
F. N. STANLEY.

No. 471,391 – Carpenter’s Plane (Oliver Longval) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”485″]471391

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

OLIVER LONGVAL, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR
OF ONE-FOURTH TO FREDERICK C. WALTON, OF SAME PLACE.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 471,391, dated March 22, 1892.
Application filed March 2, 1891. Serial No. 383,449. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be itknown that I, OLIVER LONGVAL, of the city and county of Worcester, and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 represents a side view of a carpenter’s plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the handle, showing a top or plan view of the plane with the knife and the usual holding parts thereof detached to more fully illustrate that part of my improvements coming under the same. Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the plane. Fig. 4. is a vertical longitudinal section through the parts shown in Fig. 2. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 represent different modifications in the construction of the front oiler of the plane, which will be hereinafter more fully described. Fig. 8 is a vertical section of the rear oiler and part of the bed of the plane, taken on line a, Fig. 2; and Fig. 9 is an enlarged horizontal section through part of the plane-bed and one end of said rear oiler, showing the inlet to the oil-chamber and its detachable stopper or plug, taken on line 19, Fig. 1.

With the exception of the oiling devices hereinafter described, the plane is of ordinary construction.

The purpose of my invention is to improve upon the means heretofore employed for oiling the bottom of the plane; and it consists in certain improvements in the construction of said oiling devices foreffecting the above result.

In order that others may better understand the nature and purpose of said improvements, I will now proceed to describe the same more in detail.

In the drawings, A represents the bed, B the front handle, C the rear handle, D the knife or blade, E the knife-holding cap, F the adjusting-screw, and G the lever, of an ordinary plane. The rear oiling device H is preferably located on the bed between the base of handle C and the knife and its supporting parts. It is constructed by forming a transverse rib or projection c on the top of and integral with the bed between the vertical side flanges d d thereof. Within said transverse projection is formed a chamber c’ for holding the oil, which chamber is provided with an opening at one end through which to pour in the oil and with a series of small vertical openings e, through which said oil is discharged to oil the bottom of that portion of the plane coming back of the throat I. The inlet to chamber c’ is provided with a suitable screw or plug f and washer f’ to prevent the oil from passing out at said point, while the small vertical discharge-openings are provided with wood plugs e’, preferably of pine or similar soft porous wood, to properly control the outflow of oil.
Said wood plugs I find in practice permit just sufficient oil to pass out to oil the bottom of the plane properly and without waste of oil, the plane when thus oiled running smooth and easy upon the most objectionable surfaces. The essential feature which I claim as new in this part of my invention is the formation of the oiler integral with the bottom or bed of the plane and providing the chamber with an end opening and plug, so that the chamber may be more conveniently opened from the outside of the plane, as shown, in filling the same.

The use of wood plugs in the discharge-openings I am aware is not new, the same being shown and claimed in the United States Patent to Edward F. Gordon, No. 213,104, dated March 11, 1879, and I therefore make no claim, broadly, thereto.

The front handle B constitutes a part of the oiling device for oiling the front end of the plane, and said device is constructed as follows: A metal base B’, made in the form of an inverted cup, so as to form a chamber B2 between the same and the bed when fitted in position, is provided with a vertical central stem g, projecting up, and over which is fitted the knob or handle B. A downwardly-projecting central screw h is also formed on the base, which is adapted to be screwed into a correspondingly-shaped vertical opening formed in the bed, whereby the base is fastened to said bed. The stem g may be made with a threaded surface, so that the knob B may be screwed on, as shown in Fig. 4, or smooth, so that said knob may be driven on, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

The oil is preferably supplied to chamber B2 through an opening formed vertically through the stem g and connecting with said chamber through suitable openings at each side of the screw h, as is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. I do not limit myself, however, to forming the oil-inlet in the stem g as aforesaid, as a like result may be effected by means of a plugged inlet, as g’, in the body of base B’, as is shown in Fig. 6.

In case a wood knob or handle B is used, it is preferable to employ an internally-threaded tube i in the opening which receives the stem g to produce a more durable construction, as is shown in Fig. 7.

In the constructions shown in Figs. 4 and 7 the handle or knob serves as the stopper for preventing the oil from passing out through the supply-opening, while in Fig. 5 a screw-plug or nut j is employed for that purpose, a screw being formed on the plug, which may be screwed into the oil-inlet, which is threaded at its upper end for the purpose. In Fig. 6 a reverse construction is adopted, a threaded opening being formed in the plug to receive a screw formed at the upper or outer end of the stem; but said stem does not in this instance serve as an oil-passage, the nut j being used for holding the knob B in place. In each case an elastic or other suitable washer k is preferably used at the oil-inlet under the knob or plug to make the same oil-tight, and a suitable washer l is also used for the same purpose between the base B’ and bed A. In like manner to the other oiler, a series of vertical discharge-openings are formed in said bed for the front oiler last described, formed within the circumference of the bearing-point of the base against the bed, which openings are also provided with wood plugs e’, as in the former instance.

My improvement in the front oiling device consists in the combination of the separate and detachable knob B and base B’ and the special construction adopted in connection therewith and the plane-bed for effecting the desired result.

I am aware of the United States Patents to W. Wood, No. 191,393, dated May 29, 1877, and 471,391 to L. A. Dearth, No. 363,213, dated May 17, 1887, both for planes, and I make no claim to the constructions therein set forth and shown.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a carpenter’s plane, the bed having a transverse chamber c’ formed therein open at the end having a series of vertical openings or outlets through the bed to the bottom of the plane, in combination with a suitable plug or stopper having a washer under the same for closing the aforesaid end opening and wood plugs for closing the vertical openings, while at the same time permitting a certain quantity of oil to discharge through the latter, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a carpenter’s plane, the bed having a series of vertical openings in its front end filled with wood plugs, as described, in combination with the base B’, made cup-shaped to form an oil-tight chamber between the same and the bed when fitted thereto, with a washer between it and said bed, also having a downwardly-projecting screw part for securing said base to the bed and an upwardly-projecting stem fitting in a knob or handle B, said knob or handle, and means for supplying oil to the chamber in the base, as well as for closing the supply-opening thereto oil-tight, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a carpenter’s plane, the bed having a series of vertical openings in its front end filled with wood plugs, as described, in combination with the base B’, made cup~shaped to form an oil-tight chamber between the same and the bed when fitted thereto, with a washer between it and said bed, also having a downwardly-projecting screw part for securing said base to the bed and an upwardly-projecting stem having a threaded tube or sleeve over the same, as well as having a vertical opening therein connected with the chamber in base B’ and fitting in the knob or handle B, said knob or handle, and a washer interposed between the same and the end of the stem, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

OLIVER LONGVAL.

Witnesses:
ALBERT A. BARKER,
W. B. NOURSE.

No. 469,688 – Attachment For Planes (Addison J. Ferris) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”484″]469688

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ADDISON J. FERRIS, OF EAST HAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

ATTACHMENT FOR PLANES.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 469,688, dated March 1, 1892.
Application filed April 13, 1891. Serial No. 388,672. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ADDISON J. FERRIS, a citizen of the United States, residing at East Hampton, in the county of Hampshire and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Attachments for Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates or has reference to improvements in planes which are especially designed for finishing rabbeted portions of wood-work and which planes are provided with adjustable gages to accord with the depths of diderent rabbets; and the object of the invention is to improve the device for the purpose indicated, whereby the same may be most readily applied on the stock of almost any ordinary plane, and whereby when so applied it is capable of being most readily or conveniently and minutely adjusted, and when so adjusted it may be maintained against derangement, and also whereby all the parts forming the gage to be applied on the plane may be so united or engaged that even when not applied on the plane they are to all intents and purposes a single fixture, the components of which are not liable to detachment or loss.

The invention consists in the construction and combination of parts, all substantially as will hereinafter more fully appear, and be set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings the present improvements are fully illustrated, Figure 1 being a side view of a plane with the gage applied thereon. Fig. 2 is a plan of the bottom of the plane and of the gage, while Fig. 3 is an end view and partial vertical section of the plane and gage, taken on line 3 3, Fig. 2, said parts being shown as in working relation to a rabbeted piece of stock as used fora door or window casing. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the plane-stock, showing the same as recessed for the reception of the gage attachment; and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the gage attachment removed from the plane.

In the drawings, A represents the gage attachment, which, as specially illustrated, consists of a carrier-plate a, provided at its upper end with an angularly-extended portion b, vertically bored, as at d, and said carrier-plate is vertically slotted, as at f which slot is open to the bottom of the plate. The vertical screw g passes freely through the said bore or perforation d and lies alongside of and within the said carrier-plate and is prevented against endwise movement relative to the plate by the fixed thumb piece or head h, above the part b and the collar or nut j below the same.

m represents the gage, which is necked or formed notched intermediately of its opposing edges, as at i, so that the middle of the gage part may be entered in the slot between the side portions of the carrier-plate a, so that a lug or extension at of the gage mlies inside of the plate a and, being bored and tapped, has an engagement with the screw.

It will be seen that, due to the construction of the parts substantially as above set forth, the gage-block has a movable and sliding engagement with relation to the edges of the slot forming the guideway therefor.

The plane-stock B is in its side recessed, as at k, said recess extending from a short distance from the bottom face of the plane-stock to the top thereof, and the said recess at its borders and at the top is provided with the rabbets or rests l l, so that the carrier-plate a may be let within and disposed flush with the sides and top of the stock, nothing projecting outwardly beyond the stock in any direction except the gage proper m and the operating thumb-head. The plate is secured to the plane-stock by the screws o o. On desiring to adjust the gage m so that it will be brought and firmly held on the side of the plane-stock at a greater or less distance from the bottom face of the plane, such may readily and positively be effected by simply turning the screw by its head more or less in the one or the other direction to accord with the depth of the rabbet in the material which is to be finished up.

I therefore claim —

1. The combination, with the plane-stock having the recess in its side, of the carrier-plate a, with the longitudinal slot f and provided with the angularly-extended member b, with the aperture d, the gage m, having the neck guided by the edges of said slotway and provided with the lug n, and the screw g, passed freely through said aperture d and, while freely rotatable, held against endwise movement and having a screw engagement with said lug, all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. An attachment for planes, consisting of the carrier-plate a, having the slot f extending longitudinally from one end thereof and having the angular portion b, with the aperture d, the block having the notched edges i, which have a movable and sliding engagement with the borders of said slot, and said block comprising the gage m and the lug n, which latter has a screw-opening, and the screw g, loosely passed through the aperture h and provided with the thumb-head h and the collar j and having a screw engagement with the said lug n, substantially as deserihed, for the purpose set forth.

ADDISON J. FERRIS.

Witnesses:
WM. S. BELLOWS,
G. M. CHAMBERLAIN.

No. 468,362 – Carpenter’s Plane (Frank Phelps) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”483″]468362

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK PHELPS, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 468,362, dated February 9, 1892.
Application filed April 16, 1891. Serial No. 389,185. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK PHELPS, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Auburn, county of Cayuga, State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings on one sheet, making part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in that class of carpenters’ cutting and surface, smoothing tools generally denominated as “planes,” the stock of which is composed of wood or similar material; and the objects are to secure in such planes the advantages of trueness and freedom from wear which obtain in planes the stock of which is made of metal and at the same time retain the advantages of lightness which pertains to planes having the stock made of wood or similar material. I attain these objects by facing the ends and the sole of the stock of said plane with suitable plates of metal in the manner illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a carpenteifs plane having a wood stock with my improvements aflixed thereto, the ends being shown in broken section, so that a clearer view may be afforded of the application of the same. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the upper side of the metal sole-plate. Fig. 3 is a section of the stock of the plane and metal sole-plate through the line x x of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow z. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the metal end plates, taken with its inner side next the point of view. Fig. 5 is an end section of a beading-plane, showing the under surface of the metal sole-plate formed for beading, but attached to the stock, as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the bottom side of the metal sole-plate.

Throughout the several figures similar letters refer to similar parts.

In Fig. 1 A is the wood stock of the plane. B is the metal sole-plate, and C C are the metal end plates, which are affixed thereto.

Referring to Fig. 2, the metal sole-plate B has formed therein in proper working position the transverse slot D, which corresponds to and fits when in place over the mouth E of the wood stock A.

Longitudinally and approximately in a central position on the upper surface of the metal sole-plate B is provided the flange F, which is formed at either side of the transverse slot D at proper working angles to correspond with those of the mouth E of the wood stock A. The forward and rearward ends of the flange F of the metal sole-plate B have V-shaped notches or seats G G, as seen in Fig.2, the object of which V-shaped notches will presently be explained.

Formed on the upper surface of the metal sole-plate B and constituting a part thereof are arranged at appropriate intervals between the flange F and either edge of said metal sole-plate B one or more series of vertical projections H H H, &c., which are uniformly provided near their upper ends with the barbs or notches I I I, &c., the object of which will be presently seen.

On the under surface of the metal sole-plate B are provided countersinks J J J, &c., 7 5 (see Fig. 6,) which may be regularly or irregularly arranged thereon, as desired, the said countersinks J J J, &c., being connected with each other in any desired pattern by the channels K K K, &c., the object of the said countersinks and their connecting-channels being to afford sufficient air so as to prevent any adhesion between the under surface of the metal sole~plate B and the plane surface with which it may be brought in contact.

Metal end plates C C are provided for the ends of the wood stook A of the plane, which are constructed substantially as follows: On their inner sides and forming a part thereof are formed the V-shaped projections L L in such position as will assure their engagement when adjusted to position with the V-shaped notches G G, which are formed in either end of the fiange F of the metal sole-plate B. Near either end of the inner sides of the metal end plates C C and constituting a part thereof are provided the projections M M, which are formed at right angles thereto and which are furnished with barbs or notches N N, the object of which will be presently explained. The upper ends of the metal end plates C C are turned into the segment of a circle, as shown, thus presenting a symmetrical outline and doing away with sharp and obtrusive corners.

The wood stock A of the plane has formed in a central longitudinal position of the sole thereof the groove a, the purpose of which will be presently explained.

Having thus described in detail the essential features of my invention, I will now describe their adjustment on the stock of the plane and their arrangement with relation to each other when such has been effected. The upper surface of the metal sole-plate B and the lower surface of the stock A of the plane are brought into immediate contact with each other by a compression brought to bear upon either or both powerful enough to force the several series of vertical projections H H H, &c., formed on the upper surface of the metal sole-plate B, which have been described, into the wood stock A of the plane, the fiber of which on retracting, after the said operation, engaging with and filling in beneath the barbs or notches I I I, &c., serves to assure the permanent fastening and securing together of the wood stock A and the metal sole-plate B. During this operation the flange F of the metal sole-plate B is entered in the groove a, Fig. 3, of the wood stock A, and thus serves to assure against any lateral displacement of the several parts described during and subsequent to the operation. The metal end plates C C are next brought into position on either end of the wood stock A of the plane by being forced by compression or by being driven thereon, as deemed most expedient. During this operation the V-shaped projections L L, which are formed on and project from their inner sides, engage with the V-shaped notches G G, which are formed in either end of the flange F of the metal sole-plate B and serve at the same time to bring the ends of the metal sole-plate B and the wood stock A of the plane into the closer contact and there lock them, as well as the lower ends of the said metal end pieces C C, into a joint with the ends of the metal sole-plate B, which project sufficiently beyond the ends of the wood stock A of the plane for that purpose. During this operation, also, the projections M M, which are provided on and project at right angles from the inner sides near either end of the said metal end plates C C, are forced into the wood of the wood stock A of the plane, the fiber of which, retracting, engages with and fills in behind the barbs or notches N N, formed thereon, thus substantially and permanently securing the metal end plates C C to the wood stock A of the plane and assisting, also, in the further permanent stability and securing of the ends of the metal sole-plate B, already described.

I am aware that metal plates for protecting and assuring the correctness of tools and instruments of precision, which are largely composed of wood and the said plates secured thereto in various ways, are and have for some time been in use; but I am not aware that such metal plates formed and arranged as has been described have been used in connection with carpenters’ planes or otherwise for the purpose and objects or in the manner set forth herein; therefore

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is —

I claim —

1. In a carpenter’s plane, the combination of a stock having a centrally-disposed longitudinal groove formed in its under surface with a metal sole-plate provided on its upper surface with a series of barbed vertical projections arranged near either side thereof, and a centrally-disposed longitudinal upwardly-projecting iiange, substantiallyin the manner and for the purpose herein described and specified.

2. In a carpenter’s plane, a stock having a centrally-disposed longitudinal groove formed in its under surface and a metal sole-plate provided on its upper surface with a series of barbed vertical projections arranged near either side thereof, a centrally-disposed longitudinal upwardly-projecting flange provided at either end with V-shaped notches, and a transverse slot D, in combination with the metal end plates provided on their inner sides with centrally-disposed V-shaped projections and near either end with barbed projections at right angles thereto, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein specified and described.

3. In a carpenter’s plane, a stock having a centrally-disposed longitudinal groove formed in its under surface, a metal sole-plate provided on its upper surface with a series of barbed vertical projections arranged near either side thereof, a centrally-disposed longitudinal upwardly-projecting flange provided at either end with V-shaped notches, a transverse slot D, and the lower surface of said sole-plate provided with countersinks connected with each other by channels, and metal end plates provided on their inner sides with centrally-disposed V-shaped projections and near either end with barbed projections at right angles thereto, the whole combined and arranged in the manner and for the purpose herein described and specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 2d day of April, A. D. 1891.

FRANK PHELPS.

Witnesses:
JOHN J. TROWBRIDGE,
W. N. JENNINGS.

No. 468,239 – Draw-Shave (George M. Conover) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”482″]468239

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE M. CONOVER, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR
OF ONE-HALF TO FRANK H. NORTON, OF SAME PLACE.

DRAW-SHAVE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 468,239, dated February 2, 1892.
Application filed July 30, 1891. Serial No. 401,229. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE, M. CONOVER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Draw-Shaves, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to draw-shaves for wood-working, and it consists in the novel features of construction and combinations, substantially as hereinafter set forth and described, and pointed out in the claim.

In the accompanying dravvings, Figure 1 is a top view. Fig. 2 is an under side view. Fig. 3 is a front side elevation. Fig. 4 is a cross-section of my new draw-shave.

A represents a plate or frame for holding the cutting-tool, to each end of which are attached handles H H in any suitable manner. a a are posts or upright projections formed on said frame at each end of the open space and near the handles, having holes for receiving the arms of the cutting-blade holder and provided with thumb or set screws s s for the purpose of clamping the said arms in place.

B is the cutting-blade holder, consisting of a bar having arms b b, fitted to be inserted in the aforesaid holes in the posts a a. It is provided with a recess for holding the cutting-blade C, which is firmly held by means of a clamp-plate C2 and set-screws c c.

The under surface of the frame A is made with a partly-rounded surface a2 and partly-flat surface a3, and there may be provided a removable plate A2, secured at its ends in dovetail mortises and with a set-screw t.

The advantages of this construction are that the blade-holder is reversible and adjustable. It may be placed at either side of the frame to adapt the blade to cut in connection with the rounded surface or the flat surface of the frame, as desired; and the cutting-blade is also readily adjusted, removed for sharpening, and replaced in the holder.

Having described my invention, I claim as follows:

In a draw-shave, the combination, with a frame having posts provided with holes and thumb or set screws, and also having one fiat and one rounded bearing-surface, of a removable and reversible cutting-blade holder, substantially as described.

GEORGE M. CONOVER.

Witnesses:
GEO. W. TIBBITTS,
FRANK H. NORTON.

No. 466,494 – Beveling Attachment For Planes (Frank E. Hart) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”481″]466494

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK E. HART, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

BEVELING ATTACHMENT FOR PLANES.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 466,494, dated January 5, 1892.
Application filed January 3, 1891. Serial No. 376,605. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK E. HART, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Brooklyn, county of Kings, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Beveling Attachments for Planes, of which the following is such a full, clear, concise, and exact description as will enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

The object of my invention is to provide an attachment for a plane whereby the edge of a board, window-sash, door, or similar article may be reduced to the required angle and an accurate and predetermined bevel given without the aid of a square or other separate measure; and my invention consists in the improvements hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a view in elevation of an ordinary plane fitted with the improved attachment. Fig. 2 is an end view of the same, showing the plane in action upon a beveled surface. Fig. 3 is a plan view of end of plane with attachment connected, showing top of graduated segment. Fig. 4 is a side view of attachment unconnected, and Fig. 5 is a rear view of the same.

The plate A, having flanges a a’, maybe conveniently secured to the plane B by means of the binding-screw C, and pivoted to this plate are the adjustable guiding arms or bars D and E, extending downward from opposite sides. The arms D and E of course might, if desired, be secured directly to the body of the plane The arm D is preferably formed with a slotted graduated sector d, adapted to be secured by the binding-screw d’, whereby the said arm may be held at any desired angle to the lower surface of the plane, while the arm E is shown as provided with a slotted elbow e, which, moving upon and about the screw e’, permits the arm E to be brought parallel to the arm D and also to approach and withdraw from the same. The lower ends of the guiding-arms D and E are, moreover, preferably provided with flanges d2 e2, which are shown as slightly beveled or inclined, giving thus a greater guiding-surface, while at the same time allowing the necessary oscillation and freedom in the movement of the plane. Further, the flange d2 forms a convenient rest for the finger of the artisan.

It is readily seen that when the guiding-bars D and E are adjusted to any position other than the perpendicular the plane will be made to bear unevenly, cutting more on one side than the other, until A the surface to be smoothed or reduced becomes parallel to the bottom of the plane and its slant or bevel corresponds with the inclination of the guiding-arms.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

l. In combination with a plane, guiding-arms pivoted thereto and extending downward from opposite sides, said arms being adapted to be secured at an angle, whereby the plane is inclined and made to bear unevenly until the surface acted on is smoothed or reduced to the slant or bevel desired, substantially as set forth.

2. In combination with a plane, a plate adapted to be secured thereto and provided with adjustable guiding-arms extending downward from opposite sides, whereby the plane is inclined and made to bear at an angle, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In combination with a plane, a plate adapted to be secured thereto, and guiding-arms pivoted to said plate and extending downward from opposite sides, the said arms being provided at their lower ends with beveled fianges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In combination with a plane, the flanged plate B and guiding-arms D and E, having graduated sector d and slotted elbow e and flanges d2 and e2, all arranged and secured substantially as described.

FRANK E. HART.

Witnesses:
PERCY GRIFFITH,
WM. J. WINBERG.

No. 464,701 – Plane Attachment (George H. Melendy) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”480″]464701

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE H. MELENDY, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA,
ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO BENNETT BROTHERS, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE ATTACHMENT.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 464,701, dated December 8, 1891.
Application filed January 14, 1891. Serial No. 377,761. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE H. MELENDY, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented an Improvement in Plane Attachments; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to an attachment for planes such as are in use by carpenters and others; and it consists, essentially, of means for adjusting and compensating the throat to the wear which takes place upon the bottom face of the plane by constant use, and in certain details of construction.

Referring to the accompanying drawings for a more complete explanation of my invention, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section taken through the front of the plane showing the adjustment thereof. Fig. 2 is a view showing the throat-adjusting block removed. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the front end of my plane.

A is the body of the plane having the handle B and the open throat C within which the plane-iron is fixed in any usual or suitable manner. When these plane~bodies are made of wood, they are subjected to considerable wear by reason of the friction of the lower face with the surface over which they are moved and which the plane-iron is intended to cut and dress, and as this wear takes place the throat for the escape of the shavings loses its proper proportion, thus necessitating some adjustment if the plane is to have any further use. In my invention I have shown the throat having an inclined chamber D made in the forward portion of it by inserting a piece E, a portion of the under surface of which is inclined and projects into the throat and forms the top wall of the inclined chamber, this chamber inclining into the forward portion of the body A. This piece E, which forms the chamber D, is designed to protect the adjustable block F and moving parts from dust or shavings, and it is important for the reason that without it they would become choked and clogged. Within this chamber below the block E is fitted a block F, the front portion of which rests upon the front portion of the incline in the chamber D, and the rear portion is made with two faces G and G’, meeting each other at an angle, as shown, the face G’ being approximately vertical when the plane is in its ordinary position. Through the upper portion of this block slots are made and screws H serve to fix it at any desired point.

When by considerable use the plane has been worn down, it will be manifest that by reason of the inclined rear face of the opening C upon which the plane-iron is supported the throat will become enlarged and will not be in proper shape for the best work. When this occurs, the screws or fastening of the movable throat-piece are loosened, and this piece is allowed to move downward, sliding upon the inclined surface of the front of the chamber, and this forces the surface G’ of the movable block nearer to the edge of the plane-iron. The block is moved downward until the throat is made of the proper size, when it is again secured in place. The lower end of the block which would be projected beyond the surface of the plane by this movement is cut off so that it is again flush with the surface of the plane. By this device the throat of the plane may be adjusted and retained at the proper size until the plane is entirely worn out. In connection with this device I have shown the inserted block I, having a rounded or convex surface, fitted into a channel or groove of semicircular form in cross-section, which is formed vertically in the front end of the plane. This block is secured in the channel with the grain of the wood extending vertically, so that the end grain is exposed at the bottom and flush with the surface of the plane. The object of this is to equalize the wear upon the plane, as it is well known that the front end of the plane which is first pushed over the rough surfaces of the work to be planed is worn and rounded off more rapidly than the other portions which are situated behind the plane-iron, and by reason of this hard inserted piece and the fact that the wear comes upon the end of the grain the wear will be equalized and the plane kept in proper condition much longer.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane having a plane-iron and a throat, a piece E, let into the throat so as to form an inclined chamber, an adjustable block in said chamber below the piece E, and screws passing through and adjustably securing the block, substantially as herein described.

2. In a plane, the body thereof having its front end formed with a vertical groove semi-circular in cross-section, and a piece having a convex rear surface fitting the groove so that its lower end is flush with the bottom of the plane, said inserted piece having its grain at right angles with the grain of the body, whereby it presents an end grain surface at the bottom to equalize the wear upon the plane, substantially as herein described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

GEORGE H. MELENDY

Witnesses:
A. B. MERRILL,
J. W. RICHARDS.

No. 461,166 – Bench-Plane (Michael J. Dunn And William H. Montgomery) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”479″]461166

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MICHAEL J. DUNN AND WILLIAM H. MONTGOMERY, OF COLUMBUS,
OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO THE OHIO TOOL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 461,166, dated October 13, 1891.
Application filed April 15, 1891. Serial No. 389,038. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, MICHAEL J. DUNN and WILLIAM H. MONTGOMERY, citizens of the United States, residing at Columbus, in the county of Franklin and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Our invention relates to mechanical appliances for effecting the up-and-down or longitudinal and the lateral or sidewise adjustments of a bench-plane bit; and it consists, first, in a longitudinally-adjusting mechanism comprising a pivoted lever-link and a screw-threaded link, the former being pivoted to the base or frog-plate of the plane and connected with the cap-iron of the bit, and the latter also connected to a bracket of said frog-plate and provided with a thumb-nut, as will be hereinafter described, whereby the adjustment back and forward on an inclined plane in a longitudinal direction can be perfectly and readily effected, and, while this is the case, the parts for making such adjustment are readily accessible.

It consists, second, in a novel combination of the bit, cap-plate, slotted frog-plate, and a lever having its lower end pivoted in the slotted upper end of the frog-plate and pivotally connected at its lower end to the upper end of the bit. By this construction the lateral adjustment of the bit for the purpose of bringing its cutting-edge parallel with the face of the plane, and thereby securing an even cut, is cfected, and as the lever is pivoted at nearly the extreme upper ends of the bit and frog-plate we are enabled to use fully two inches of the cutting-bit before substituting a new one therefor, and, while this is so, the lever is in convenient location for being manipulated by the user of the plane.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a bench-plane with our invention illustrated thereon. Fig. 1x is a detail back view of the frog-plate. Fig. 2 is a top view of the bit and its cap-plate, and the lever for effecting the lateral adjustment. Fig. 3 is a top view of the frog-plate, the connecting-screw, and the lever for effecting the lateral adjustment. Fig. 4 is a side view of the laterally-adjusting lever and its fulcrum-pivot.

A in the drawings represents the plane-stock, which is preferably of the construction shown, but may be of any other suitable construction adapted for having our invention applied to it.

B is an inclined base or frog-plate secured by screws in a shouldered mortise a, of the stock A and sustained by a projecting thickened portion b2, which bears upon the top of said stock, while the front end of the frog-plate abuts against the shoulder a’ at the front of the mortise of the plane-stock, as shown. This frog-plate is provided with a cavity c, a short longitudinal rectangular slot b, and a long longitudinal slot b’, as shown in the drawings.

C is the plane-iron; D, the cap-plate thereof, and E a clamping-plate for holding the cap-plate D and bit C in position. The three plates C, D, and E are connected together by a screw e, which passes through a key-hole-shaped passage f in the clamping-plate E, a round hole g in the plate D, and a long slot h in the bit C and enters a screw-threaded socket i at the lower end of the frog-plate B. The cap-plate D and the bit C are connected to each other directly by means of a headed nicked screw j, the shank of said screw being passed up through cap D and its end screwed into said cap, while the head of the screw binds against the under side of the bit C and extends into the cavity c of the frog-plate B, as shown. The slot h, of the bit is enlarged into a round hole h’ for the purpose of allowing the head of the screw j to pass through the bit C in the fitting together or separation of the cap-plate D and bit C. At the upper end of the clamping-plate E a cam-lever F is pivoted for the purpose of causing a bind upon the cap and keeping its front edge parallel with the edge of the bit C or at right angles with the sides of the plane-stock A.

G is a jointed adjusting device consisting of a screw-threaded link G’ and a lever-link G2, pivoted in the walls of the slot b of the frog-plate, as indicated at k’. The upper arm m’ of the part G2 of the jointed adjusting device is extended in width or laterally and enters an oblong transverse slot m, in the cap-plate D, the said oblong slot being of slightly greater area th an the end of the said arm, so as to permit freedom of movement of the bit C and cap D in a lateral direction, and also allow the said arm slight movement in a direction longitudinally of the plates, and thus prevent binding and interference during the manipulation of the parts in making the necessary lateral and longitudinal adjustments of the bit C. The lower arm kof the said portion G2 is pivoted to the slightly-inclined screw-threaded link G’, said screw-threaded link passing between the prongs of the bifurcated bracket B’ of the frog-plate B and being condfied therein, so as to act with a frictional bind against a too great descent after an adjustment is made, by means of a collar n and a milled button n’ of a nut n2, said nut ntting and receiving the screw-threaded portion of the said link G’, and its collar n bearing on or occupying a position in close proximity to the front side of the bracket, while the button bears against or occupies a position close to the rear side thereof, and the frictional bearing action taking place when the gravity of the link G’ is unrestrained by the hand of the operator. The link G’ and its nut n2 are free to slide up and down upon the bifurcated bracket when the said frictional binding action is relaxed and the shortening and lengthening of the lever-link-adjusting device is being effected. The relaxation of the binding action may, when necessary, be accomplished by slightly lifting the link G’ to a position at a right angle to the prongs of the bracket, this adjustment overcoming the binding action which takes place when the said link by its gravity moves slightly out of a right-angular position with the prongs of the bracket. By turning the nut n2 in one direction the said adjusting device G is brought to a straighter condition, and the arm m’ is forced forward and caused to move the bit C and cap-plate D on an inclined plane downward and forward, and thereby effect the necessary or desired longitudinal adjustment, which adjustment can be made with the greatest nicety and with great convenience, as the links G’ and G2 are both supported by extensions or projections of the frog-plate, as represented.

H is a hand-lever with its handle bent upward slightly. The lower portion of this lever, between its extreme lower end and its rear upwardly-bent end, is parallel with the under side of the bit C and upper side of the frog-plate B and occupies a position between said plates. The lower end of the lever is turned upward, so as to form a pivotal toe p, and this toe passes up through a hole or slot in the bit C, said hole or slot being not far from the upper end of said bit-plate, as shown. Just in rear of this toe a pivot-pin p’ is inserted and fastened to the lever, said pin working loosely in the longitudinal slot b’ of the frog-plate B, being held in said slot by means of a head formed on it, (the pivot,) as shown. By means of the lever H the bit C can be adjusted laterally, it being simply necessary to move the handle end of the lever slightly to the right or left, as occasion may require, in order to cause the toe go to force the upper end of the bit sufficiently far sidewise to bring the lower edge of said bit parallel with the face of the plane-stock. The slot b’ in the frog B allows the pivot p’ to change its altitude accordingly as may be necessary when the bit C is adjusted up and down.

By our laterally-adjusting means described simplicity is secured and reduction of cost effected, and about two inches of the cutting-bit can be utilized before it is thrown aside, which is important.

A further advantage results from attaching the lever for producing the lateral adjustment very near the upper end of the cutting-bit and at a greater distance from the point where the bit is clamped and held in place, as by this arrangement we secure more leverage and the movement of the bit is more readily effected. This is due to the fact that the pivot-pin of lever H can occupy a position at any point along the entire distance of the slot in the frog-plate — a result not practicable unless the parts are constructed and arranged as we show. It is by this construction that we are enabled to use the bit entirely up to the beginning of the slot. In our construction we use but one hole in the bit.

We are aware of Patent No. 378,498; but with such patented plane our invention could not be employed, as said plane uses only a single bit, while our invention can only be used with a double or capped bit, and, besides this, a longer slot must be provided than is shown in Patent No. 378,494 to permit the bit to be used entirely up to the beginning of the slot, and should a longer slot be adopted in said patent the hole therein shown would have to be done away with, and this would interfere with the using of the bit entirely up to the beginning of the slot.

What we claim as our invention is —

1. The jointed adjusting device G, comprising the lever-link G2 and the screw-threaded link G’, pivoted by its forward end to the link G2 and having nut n2 and button n’, in combination with the frog-plate B, having bracket B ‘, the bit C, and cap-plate D, the whole constructed and arranged substantially as described.

2. In a double or capped bit, in combination, a bit C, cap D, clamp E, frog-plate B, and lever H, provided with the toe p, extending above its upper surface at its forward end, and the pivot-pin p’ nearly at its forward end and extending downward from its lower surface, the said pivot-pin and toe of the lever being connected, respectively, with the frog-plate and the bit near their rear ends, and the said frog-plate being slotted, as at b’, forward of said points of attachment of the lever, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

MICHAEL J. DUNN.
WILLIAM H. MONTGOMERY.

Witnesses:
HERBERT E. BRADLEY,
WILLIAM E. JONES.

No. 459,122 – Plane (James K. Kendrick) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”478″]459122

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES K. KENDRICK, OF GERMANTOWN, CALIFORNIA.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 459,122, dated September 8, 1891.
Application filed March 20, 1891. Serial No. 385,803. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES K. KENDRICK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Germantown, in the county of Colusa and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention has relation to improvements in plane-guides; and it consists in the construction, novel combination, and adaptation of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

The invention will be fully understood from the following description and claim when taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane provided with my irnproved guide; and Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same in conjunction with a piece of wood, illustrating the relative position of the plane and guide with respect to each other and the wood when itis desired to bevel one corner of the latter.

Referring by letter to the said drawings, A indicates a jack-plane, which may be of any approved construction, and B indicates the bit thereof. Permanently connected to the left-hand side of the plane by screws C’ or the like is the flat stationary section C of my improved guide, the lower portion of which is forked and depends below the bottom of the plane, as illustrated.

D indicates the adjustable section of my improved guide, which is also flat, and has its upper portion tongued, as illustrated, to take between the depending fork branches of the stationary section, to which it is pivotally connected by a transverse bolt E, which takes through the fork branches of the stationary section and the tongue portion of the adjustable section, and has one of its ends threaded to receive a wing-nut E’, which serves to secure the bolt in position. By this construction of guide, which comprises but four parts and may be made of hard wood or the like, it will be seen that a cheap and efficient guide is afforded without rnaterially increasing the weight of the plane, and by the provision of the wing-nut E’ it will be readily perceived that the adjustable section may be readily removed and another section placed in position when desirable.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination, with a plane, of the guide consisting of the flat section C, permanently attached to the side of the plane and having its lower portion forked, the flat adjustable section D, having its upper portion tongued or reduced to take between the fork branches of the section C, the bolt taking through the fork branches of the section C and the tongue of section D and having its end threaded, and a wing-nut mounted on the threaded end of said bolt, substantially as specified.

ln testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES K. KENDRICK.

Witnesses:
P. H. CLARK,
L. H. HILL.

No. 458,676 – Hand-Plane (James H. Ferguson) (1891)

No. 458,676 – Hand-Plane (James H. Ferguson) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”477″]458676

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES H. FERGUSON, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

HAND-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 458,676, dated September 1, 1891.
Application filed April 16, 1889. Serial No. 307,485. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES H. FERGUSON, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hand-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My improvement is designed more particularly for planing the sides of electrotype or stereotype plates, but it may be employed for other purposes.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, showing a plane embodying my improvement. Fig. 2 is a plan or top view of the same. Fig. 3 is an end view of the same. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation illustrating a modification, certain of the parts being broken away to save space. Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the same, taken on the line x x, Fig. 4, certain of the parts shown in Fig. 4 being removed. Fig. 6 is a view in elevation, partly in section, illustrating how my improvement may be employed with another kind of plane.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

In the example of my improvement illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the body of the plane is made in the form of a box and is formed of a single piece of metal — as, for instance, by casting. Near its forward end the face of the plane is provided with an elastic portion A, which normally occupies an elevated position, but which may be pressed downwardly at its inner end portion l, so as to regulate the depth of cut which will be made by the plane-iron E. In order to cause the requisite degree of elasticity, the portion A is separated throughout its length and upon its sides from the sides of the plane-body D by slits or slots b, which extend through the metal of the portion A and upwardly through the end A’ of the plane-body D. It will be seen that by pressing downwardly the inner end portion of the portion A its position may be deflected to any desired extent in order to increase the depth of cut which will be made by the plane-iron. In order to accomplish this deflecting of the portion A, I have shown a screw e, having bearings in a cross-piece d, secured in the sides of the plane-body. By manipulating this screw the deflecting or bending of the portion A may be regulated to any desired extent.

In the example of my improvement shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the operation is precisely like that just described; but there is some slight difference in the mode of constructing the slit or slot b. In this example the slot extends along the sides of the plane-body and downwardly at the inner end of the portion A. Of course the outer end of the portion A is not separate from the sides of the plane-body, except to the thickness of the sides of the body.

In Fig. 6 I have shown the application of the improvement to a so-called “jack-plane” having a body of cast metal. When used with the jack-plane, either one of the means for separating the portion A, so that it will be elastic, may be employed which I have described in the other examples of my improvement shown. I have, however, illustrated that as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

In all the examples of my improvement shown the portion A when occupying a normal position stands back slightly from the other part of the face of the plane, so that when in such a position the plane-iron will be capable of making its maximum cut.

It will be seen that by my improvement I provide a very inexpensive and ready means for varying the depth of cut which may be made by the plane-iron without going to the necessity of adjusting the plane-iron separately; or, in other words, the plane-iron once having been set it will not be necessary to alter it in order to obtain any desired adjustment for depth of cut.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination, with a plane-body made in one integral piece and having a portion of its face near one end elastic, but formed integral therewith, of an adjusting device operating upon said elastic portion to cause a deflection thereof, said elastic portion normally occupying a position whereby it is set in beyond the face, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

JAMES H. FERGUSON.

Witnesses:
FREDK. HAYNES,
JOHN BICKEL.

No. 456,104 – Plane-Bit Fastening (Charles F. Young) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”476″]456104

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES F. YOUNG, OF BIRMINGHAM, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
GEORGE D. MOSHER AND SIMON NOVITZKY, BOTH OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE-BIT FASTENING.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 456,104, dated July 14, 1891.
Application filed March 7, 1891. Serial No. 384,109. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. YOUNG, a citizen of the United States, residing at Birmingham, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Bit Fastenings; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to certain novel and useful improvements in planes, but more particularly does it appertain to means for holding and securing together the bit and the cap-plate in such manner that while they may be easily and readily loosened for purposes of adjustment or the grinding of the bit, and may be, if necessary, completely detached, the accidental separation of the bit, the cap, and the fastening will be obviated; and with these ends in view my invention consists in the construction and combination of elements hereinafter fully explained, and then recited in the claims.

In order that those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains may fully understand its construction and operation, I will describe the same in detail, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which forma part of this specification and in which —

Figure 1 is a plan view of a plane-bit and cap-iron secured together in accordance with my invention ; Fig. 2, a reverse plan view; Fig. 3, a central longitudinal section; Fig. 4, details showing the fastening.

Like numerals denote the same parts in all the figures.

1 is the bit, having a central longitudinal slot 2, which latter at one and preferably at both extremities is enlarged, as shown at 3.
4 is the cap-iron, of any usual construction, having such openings therein as are demanded by the construction of the plane to which it is to be applied. Near its center the cap-iron has swiveled therein a headed stud 5, between which and one side of the cap-iron is arranged a washer 6. The upper end of this stud bears two semicircular cam-faces or inclines 7, and the head upon which these inclines are formed is provided with a drive-slot, as seen at 8, or with a wrench-hole or other means whereby it may be turned.

The fastening-stud, as will be readily understood, while rotative relative to the cap-iron, is permanently affixed to it and therefore cannot become separated and lost.

In assembling the parts of my improvement one of the enlarged openings in the bit is dropped over the larger head of the stud, and it may then be moved longitudinally along the cap-iron to any desired position, the neck portion of the stud being of less diameter than the width of the slot 2. In thus moving the bit care should be taken that the high points of the inclines or cam-surfaces lie within the slot. When the bit and cap-plate are in the position desired, they may be secured together by the partial rotation of the stud, which as it is turned causes the inclines to ride up on the edges of the slot, and thereby bind the bit to the cap-plate. As only a partial turn of the stud is required to effect the tightening or loosening of the parts, the simplicity of the device is at once apparent, and as the stud is permanently aflixed to the cap-plate it cannot be lost or mislaid, as is liable to occur with the ordinary binding-screw heretofore in common use.

I claim —

l. The combination, with the bit slotted longitudinally, of the cap-iron and the stud swiveled to the latter and provided with the cam-surfaces adapted to engage the surface ot the plane-bit, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the plane-bit provided with a longitudinal slot having a large opening at its extremity, of the cap-iron, a double-headed stud swiveled in said cap-iron and provided as to one head with semicircular inclined surfaces, and with means, as a drive-slot, for turning said stud, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES F. YOUNG.

Witnesses:
ROBERT L. GILBERT,
ANDREW J. EWEN.

No. 455,957 – Bench-Plane (Charles F. Young) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”475″]455957

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES F. YOUNG, OF BIRMINGHAM, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
GEORGE D. MOSHER AND SIMON NOVITZKY, BOTH OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 455,957, dated July 14, 1891.
Application filed March 7, 1891. Serial No. 384,110. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES F. YOUNG, a citizen of the United States, residing at Birmingham, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to certain novel and useful improvements in bench-planes.

It is the object of my invention to improve upon the construction of plane commonly known as the “Bailey” plane, and which is shown and described in Letters Patent No. 67,398, dated August 6, 1867, in such manner that while the bit may be freely fed and adjusted longitudinally in the seat in substantially the manner indicated in said patent to Bailey said bit may also be adjusted laterally for the purpose of squaring its edge with the plane-mouth; and with these ends in view my invention consists in the construction and combination of elements herein shown and described, and then recited in the claims, and in the means for effecting the side adjustment of the bit, and particularly in mounting the adjusting-lever and its connections upon a movable block which is pivoted or otherwise suitably attached beneath the frog.

In order that those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains may fully understand its construction and operation, I will describe the same in detail, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the numerals marked thereon, which form a part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section of a plane constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2, a plan view of the upper surface of the frog, the bit and cap-plate being removed, and Fig. 3, a rear view showing the frog and the swinging block, the adjusting-lever and its screw being removed.

The body and sole of the plane 1 are of any usual or ordinary construction, and 2 is a fixed frog, whose upper end is slotted, as shown at 3, Fig. 2, and against whose face the under side of the bit 4 is adapted to rest.

5 is a cap-plate of ordinary construction superposed upon the bit and secured thereto by a screw 6, as is common and usual, and 7 is a clamping-wedge which binds the bit against the frog by engagement with the screw 8. All of the foregoing is old and well known in the art of plane-making.

9 is a block, whose sectional shape is shown at Fig. 1 and whose outline appears at Fig. 3. Said block is pivotally secured to the frog by a screw or rivet 10, which passes through the upper end of said block and enters the frog, as is clearly shown at Fig. 1. Near its center said block has an opening 11, which when in assembled position registers with the opening 3 in the frog, and upon either side of said opening are lugs or cheeks 12. Between these cheeks is extended a pin 13, upon which a lever 14 is fulcrumed. The rear end of this lever is yoked, and the arms of the yoke engage an annular groove in a thumb-nut 15, which latter runs upon a screw 16, set in and projecting rearwardly from the thick lower portion of the block 9. By means of this lever-and-screw arrangement the longitudinal movement of the bit is effected, the nose of the lever 14 engaging either with a slot in the cap-iron, or, as shown in Fig. 1, in a slot cut in a small rectangular piece of metal 17, laid in the longitudinal slot of the bit and held in position by means of the screw 6.

18 is a screw let into the rear ot the frog in such manner that its head slightly overlaps the outer end of the block 9, so as to afford some support to said block, but not to interfere with the sidewise movement of the latter about its pivot.

In the operation of my invention the longitudinal movement of the bit may be freely accomplished through the nut 15, operating the lever 14 about its fulcrum, after the manner of the well-known Bailey plane, heretofore referred to. When it is desired to laterally adjust the bit, the block 9 may be swung sidewise upon its pivot beneath the frog, whereupon the engagementof the nose of the lever with the bed or cap plate will move the latter, operating thereon after the manner of a lever of the second order. As the lever and screw 14 16 are secured to the block and move with it, their operation is in no way affected by the movement of the block.

In this invention I am able to dispense with the levers, which have heretofore been formed independently and in some way connected to the bit, while at the same time I secure a very simple adjusting device which is economical to manufacture and from its position beneath the frog is neither liable to be injured nor its adjustment changed accidentally — as, for instance, by a fall of the plane. The rear edges of the block 19, as shown at Fig. 3, project sufficiently to admit of the ready operation of the block by the thumb or finger applied thereto.

I claim —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination, with the frog and the bit secured thereon, of a block piveted beneath the frog and adapted to have a swinging movement relative thereto, an adjusting-lever fulcrumed in said block and having operative engagement with the bit, and adjusting devices carried by said block, whereby through the lever the longitudinal movement of the bit is effected, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the bit and the frog, of the adjusting-lever 14 and means for operating it for the longitudinal movement of the bit, and a block fulcrumed beneath the frog and adapted to move sidewise upon said frog, whereby a lateral movement is imparted to the adjusting-lever, substantially as described.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination, with the bit and frog, of the block 9, pivoted to the frog, as at 10, the lever 14, having operative engagement with the bit, and the screw device 15 16, whereby said lever is moved about its fulcrum, said block and lever adapted to be move laterally for the side adjustment of the bit about the pivot 10, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES F. YOUNG.

Witnesses:
ROBERT L. GILBERT,
ANDREW J. EWEN.

No. 453,524 – Bench-Plane (Saverio Tuoti) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”474″]453524

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAVERIO TUOTI, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 453,524, dated June 2, 1891.
Application filed August 7, 1888. Serial No. 282,165. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAVERIO TUOTI, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Bench-Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to bench-planes for wood-workers’ use, and has for its object to provide a simple, easy-working, efficient, and durable plane of this character.

The invention consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts of the plane, all as hereinafter described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accoinpanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of my improved bench-plane, taken on the line x x in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the plane partly broken away and in section. Fig. 3 is a bottom face view of the plane partly broken away. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section of the plane, taken on the line y y in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a cross-section taken on the line z z in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a top perspective view of the plane iron or cutter, and Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view of the nut and part of the screw by which the cutter is adjusted endwise.

The plane-stock A is made with the usual top recess a, which opens to a throat or passage a’, up through which escape the shavings made by the cutter B, which rests on or at the inclined bottom face or wall of the recess.

In the plane-stock and at the lower inclined wall of the recess a there is formed a groove or recess to accommodate a screw C, which is fitted at its forward end in a metal step-bearing c, set into the stock, and at its rear part is reduced in diameter at two places c’ c2, which form journals which are fitted, respectively, to a split box or bearing D and a block E. The two halves or parts of the bearing D are screwed or otherwise fixed to the plane-stock, and the block E is also a nut, into which is fitted a transversely-ranging screw F, which is journaled to or in the plane-stock and cannot move endwise, and has a head or finger-piece f which is accommodated in a recess made in the side of the plane-stock and does not project beyond the stock, and thus does not interfere with the free working of the plane.

The nut E is provided with an upper lug e, which fits laterally within the slot b’ of the plane iron or bit B, and the nut is laterally slotted at e’, where the main adjusting-screw C passes through it, and whereby as the screw F is turned the nut E may be caused to move laterally either way in the plane-stock, and the nut-lug e will shift the back end of the plane-iron laterally to adjust the cutting-edge of the iron properly with relation to the working-face of the plane either before or after the iron has been adjusted endwise by the main screw C, working in a nut G, fitted on it, and as presently explained. It will be noticed that the bearing and nut D E, by fitting the reduced parts of the screw C, prevent endwise motion of the screw.

The nut G is preferably formed with pendent end lugs g’ g’, into which the screw C is fitted, and at its upper face the nut is provided with a series of transverse notches g, into which one or more transverse bars b, which cross the plane-iron slot b’, are adapted to enter when the plane-iron is adjusted in the stock.

The wedge H is provided at its lower face with a plate I, which is fixed to the wedge at one end and at its other or free end is adapted to bear on a cross-bar b of the plane-iron or on the adjusting-nut or on both the cross-bar and nut, and onto which the plate I, which is preferably elastic, may be forced by a screw J, fitted into the wedge and preferably into a metal nut j, set into it. The forward end or part of the wedge enters beneath a cross bar or rod K, fixed in the stock across its recess a, and the bar forms a fulcrum on which the wedge will rock when the screw J is tightened to cause its extrerne front end h’ to clamp the plane-iron down hard to the plane-stock very near the cutting-edge of the iron, and thus firmly hold it to prevent chattering of it when the plane is in use and assuring smooth clean work. The effect in this respect would be the same were the plate I dispensed with, in which case the screw J would bear directly on the plane-iron or on its adjusting-nut; but the plate I is preferably used, as it guards the plane-iron or its nut from injury by the end of the screw and assures a better clamping action of the wedge than would be afforded without it.

The screw C is provided at its rear end with a bevel-pinion c3, which meshes with a like pinion l3 on a short shaft l2, journaled in a bearing l’ on the plane-stock and provided with a head or finger-piece l, by turning which the screw C will be turned to shift the nut G for adjusting the plane-iron endwise for a finer or coarser cut, and which may be done without loosening the wedge-clamping screw. When the plane iron or cutter wears so it cannot be set farther ahead by operating the screw, the cross-bar b of the iron may be set into another front notch g after the nut is run back on the screw, this adjustment allowing all the tempered forward part of the iron to be used.

The plane-stock has the usual back and front handles A’ A2, andis also provided with a working-face of peculiar construction, the front part of which face is made adjustable backward or forward to narrow or broaden the shaving-throat a’ of the plane-stock, and as will next be described.

The larger section or portion M of the plane-face and its smaller adjustable section or portion N are made on the same general principle, or with a metal frame having strips of hard wood inserted in longitudinal grooves thereof. The face-section M is made with a cast-metal frame O, which has a broad cross-bar o behind the shaving-throat a’ of the plane-stock and beveled at the upper face to give substantial support to the plane-iron and to prevent undue wear of that part of the plane-face just behind the cutting-edge of the iron or at the back of the shaving-throat of the plane-stock, which usually wears quickly when made wholly or partly of wood. From each side of the cross-bar o there projects a forward ex-
tension o’ of the metal frame O, which form forward side parts m m of the main face-section M. These parts o’ o’ give support to the front sliding section N of the plane-face, as presently described, and at their front ends and above the section N they are connected and braced by a fIange-piece or bar m’, which is screwed to the front end of the plane-stock and really forms the front cross-bar or part of a flange o2, which projects upward all around the frame O and above its solid top plate o3 far enough to receive screws o4, which pass through the flange to hold the frame O and its front extensions o’ o’, or, in other words, the entire main plane-face section M m m, securely to the plane-stock.

Behind the metal cross-bar o and within the margin of the frame O said frame is provided with a series of longitudinally-ranging thin metal ribs or plates o5, which are cast on the back plate o3 of the frame and are set apart to provide spaces or form grooves between them, and into which are tightly fitted a series of hard-wood strips P, and the forward extensions o’ o’ of the frame O are also made hollow to accommodate like strips P, as most clearly shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5 of the drawings.

The plane-face section N consists of a metal frame R, the inner face-plate r of which is provided with side tongues r’ r’, which enter grooves made in the opposite front side extensions m m of the main plane-face section M. On the plate r and between end lips or flanges r2 r2 of the frame R there is cast a series of lips or plates r3, set apart to provide between them a series of grooves or spaces, into which are tightly fitted a series of hard-wood strips S, like those P of the other face-section M.

In the forward end of the plane-stock and above its face-section N is provided a transverse slot or groove t, which accommodates a nut-block T, fitted to threads of a screw U, which is journaled in the plane-stock and traverses the recess t, and is provided at one end with a finger-piece or head u, which works in a recess at the side of the stock, so as to be out of the way in working the plane. The ends of the lower part of the nut T are inclined the same way horizontally, and are preferably rounded a little, so as to enter a diagonally-ranging slot V, which is formed at the inner face of the adjustable plane-face section N and preferably in the back of the metal frame R of said section. It is obvious that as the screw U is turned in one direction the nut T will slide in the plane-stock recess t, which guides it laterally, and also in the diagonal recess V’ of the movable plane-face section N, and will slide said section forward to open the throat a’ farther or make it broader, and that by turning the screw U in the other direction the face-section N will be moved backward nearer to the cutting-edge of the plane-iron to narrow the shaving-throat a’ of the plane, as the nature of the work to be done may require.

It will be seen that the plane-iron B sets at quite a sharp angle with the working-face of the plane. Consequently it will cut very easily, and this feature, combined with the simple and efiicient means provided for adjusting the plane-iron endwise and laterally, as hereinbefore explained, and the adjustability of the face-section N to regulate the size of the shaving-throat a’, insures true and smooth working of the plane on any quality or grade of lumber, whether it be soft or hard.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with the plane-stock and its bit, of the longitudinal!y-extending screw having a bevel-gear on its outer end, a nut connecting the screw and the bit, and the transverse shaft l2, mounted on the stock under the upper end of the bit and having a bevel-gear at its inner end meshing with the screw-gear and provided at its outer end with an operating-handle, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a cutter and a longitudinal screw in the stock, a nut on the screw engaging the cutter for adjusting it endwise, a transversely-ranging screw, a nut thereon engaging the cutter for adjusting it laterally, and said nut slotted transversely for passage of the longitudinal screw, all arranged for operation substantially as herein set forth.

3. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a composite metal and wood main face-section in rear of the throat and having front side extensions m m extending to the front end of the stock, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide longitudinally in said side extensions to regulate the size of the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

4. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a composite metal and wood main rear face-section having longitudinally-extending front side extensions m m, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide in said extensions, said main face-section provided with an upwardly-projecting flange receiving the body of the plane-stock and provided with screw or other fastenings holding the face to the stock, substantially as herein set forth.

5. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face consisting of a main section M, having opposite front side extensions m m and comprising a metal frame having inserted wooden strips, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide in the extensions m to regulate the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

6. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face consisting of a main section having opposite front side extensions and an adjustable front face-section fitted to said extensions and comprising a metal frame having inserted wooden strips, substantially as herein set forth.

7. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face made with a main section M, having front extensions m m and consisting of a metal frame O, having a cross-bar o behind the plane-throat and front extensions o’ o’, division plates or ribs O5, and wood strips P, set between the plates or ribs O5 and in the extensions o’, an adjustable front section N, fitted to slide in the extensions m m and consisting of a metal frame R, having division-plates r3, and wood strips S, set next said plates, and said frame O having an upwardly-projecting flange o2, receiving screw or other fastenings to hold the face to the plane-stock, substantially as herein set forth.

8. The combination, with the plane-stock or guides thereon, of a front endwise-adjustable face-section provided with a diagonal slot or recess, a transverse screw in the stock, and a nut fitted to said screw and to the diagonal slot of the adjustable face-section, substantially as shown and described, whereby as the screw is turned said face-section will be shifted to narrow or widen the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

9. The combination, with the plane-stock provided with a transverse groove t and a front endwise-adjustable face-section, as N, provided with a diagonal groove or recess V, of a screw U, journaled at said groove t, and a nut T, fitted on said screw and having upper and lower parts fitting the grooves t V, respectively, substantially as herein set forth.

SAVERIO TUOTI.

Witnesses:
HENRY L. GOODWIN,
C. SEDGWICK.

No. 452,498 – Spokeshave (John F. Magnuson) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”473″]452498

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN F. MAGNUSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

SPOKESHAVE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 452,498, dated May 19, 1891.
Application filed May 29, 1890. Serial No. 353,530. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN F. MAGNUSON, a citizen of Sweden and a resident of New York city, in the county and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Spokeshaves, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists, essentially, in a novel contrivance of adjustable-handles adapted for holding the tool in different positions for facilitating the use of it in various different parts and shapes of the work, and it also consists in an improved construction for enabling the tool to be utilized as a corner plane and for the application and adjusting of the guard-cap of the plane bit, all as hereinafter fully described, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan view of the tool with the handles adjusted about as in the ordinary spokeshave. Fig. 2 is an inside elevation of the front part of the stock detached and reversed and with the guard-cap attached to it. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the back of the plane bit. Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the complete tool on the line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the tool with the handles adjusted as for a corner plane. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the tool with the handles as in Fig. 5 and inverted and with one of the handles detached to show the mode of its connection and adjustment. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the tool with the handles adjusted as in Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a front elevation of the back part of the stock with one of the handles detached and with the other handle in the normal position of the spokeshave-handle. Fig. 9 is a transverse section of the stock on line w w, Figs. 6, 7, and 8, and Fig. 10 is a section of the front part of the stock on line y y, Figs. 4 and 5.

I construct the stock in two parts a and b, the former being what l call the “back” and the latter the “front” part. The back has the bevel base c, the front face d, the inclined sides e, and the ear-lugs f. The base c that part which slides on the wood, the plane bit q rests on the front face d, the inclined sides e have the handles t pivoted to them, respectively, and the front part b is secured in the ear-lugs f by pivot-studs i entering its shoulders j. Said front part also has a bevel base k to slide on the wood in advance of the plane-bit, above which is a large opening l for the escape of the shavings, and above the opening, but a little below the pivots i, the guard-cap m is attached to the under or rear side by the clamp-screws n slots of the cap, so that the cap can be adjusted up or down to gage it with relation to the edge of the plane-bit, said cap bearing all across the bit slightly above said edge. The front part b has an upward extension p above the pivots i, through which the clamp-screw o is fitted to bear the plane-bit g on the face d, and at the same time bear the lower edge of the guard-cap in on the lower end of the plane-bit just above the edge of said bit by the leverage taking effect thereon through the pivots of said front part.

The outer surfaces of the bevel sides e of the back have pivot-holes s for the handles t and are faced on the margins q, surrounding said holes, and the handles are correspondingly faced at u to seat thereon and have a pivot-stud w in the center of the face u, adapted to fit the hole q and being tapped in its center to receive the fastening-screw x from the upper surface of side e and having a washer y under its head. The face q is recessed at z about a quarter of the circumference of the pivot-hole to provide two stop-shoulders a’ and b’, and the pivot-stud w has a stop-lug c’, which swings between said shoulders and comes to rest on them, respectively, to stop the handle in its different positions. When the handles are in the positions represented in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, said stop-lugs bear against shoulders a’, and when in the positions of Figs.1 and 8 they bear on the shoulders b’. The pivot-screws x and washers y are to be adjusted so as to bind the handle-pivots with sufficient friction to cause them to retain their places when set, but allow them to be shifted without difficulty.

In Figs. 4 and 7 it will be seen that the handles have an upward rise from the pivots to a sufficient height to enable the hand of the user to clear the work while holding the tool, and these are bent at d’ and project for the rest of their length about parallel with the base c k of the tool, which bends give the forward pitch of the handles, so that they range about in line with the cutting-edge of the bit when adjusted as in Figs. 1 and 8, substantially the same as in the ordinary spokeshave. Another feature of this form of the handles and the inclined sides e, to which they are pivoted, is that when shifted to the positions of Figs. 1 and 8 the handles, which are preferably about twice as wide as they are thick, assume the flatwise positions as therein shown, in which they are used separately, one in each hand, and in the positions of Figs. 5 and 6 they turn up edge-wise, side by side, and within narrower space than the width of the stock, suitably for both being grasped by one hand, in which positions the tool can be used substantially as a corner plane for both right and left hand corners, for which purpose it will be seen that the plane-bit is made as wide as the stock and is at its edges flush with the edge of the stock — a condition that is made feasible by the contrivance of the pivoted front part of the stock for clamping the bit and by making the upper part of the plane-bit narrower, as at e’, to extend upward between the ear-lugs by which the front b is pivoted, said ear-lugs being necessarily located within the width of the base c k and of the cutting-edge of the bit to permit the use of the tool in corners. It will be seen that besides this advantage the separate construction and pivoted connection of the front and back parts of the stock enables the handles to be secured by the screws inserted from the inside of the back and the guard-cap to be attached by the screws n inserted from the inside of the front in such manner that the screws have no objectional exterior projections that might interfere with or obstruct in the application of the tool to some shapes of work.

In Figs. 4 and 10 it will be seen that the lower edges of the sides of the front b are beveled downward to the edges b’, so as to make the mouth or lower side of the opening l, for the escape of the shavings as wide as the plane-bit and the whole width of the stock, so that the shavings will enter without obstruction, and so as to be forced upward between the said sides, which are of necessity convergent upward to enable the requisite quantity of material for supporting the lower part of front b to be contained in said sides.

I claim —

1. The combination of the separately-constructed back and front parts of the stock, pivoted together and provided with the clamp-screw, said back having the face for the reception of the plane-bit, and the front having the guard-cap attached to the inner side suitably for being pressed at the lower end on the plane-bit by the clamp-screw, said cap bearing all across the bit, substantially as described.

2. The combination of the separately-constructed back and front parts of the stock, pivoted together and provided with the clamp-screw, said back having the face for the reception of the plane-bit, and the front having the guard-cap, said guard-cap and plane bit having equal width and extending flush with the sides of the stock, and the plane bit having the narrower upper part extending between the ear-lugs of the pivot-joint of the two parts of the stock, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with the stock having the inclined sides, of handles pivoted to said sides, respectively, and adapted to be set in the laterally-projecting positions of spokeshave-handles and also in the rearwardly-projecting position side by side, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the stock having the inclined sides, of the handles pivoted to said sides, respectively, and adapted to be set in the laterally-projecting positions of spokeshave-handles and also in the rearwardly-projecting position side by side and provided with stops limiting the movements to said positions, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the stock having the inclined sides, of the handles pivoted to said sides by pivot-studs and the handles entering the pivot-holes of the sides and secured from the inside of the stock by the screws, substantially as described.

6. The combination of the separately-constructed front and back parts of the stock, detachably pivoted together and the handles pivoted to the inclined sides of the stock and secured by the screws and washers inside of the back and under the front part of the stock.

7. The combination, with the stock having the inclined sides, of the handles pivoted thereto and having the curved or angular section d’, substantially as described.

8. A spokeshave-stock made in two separate parts pivoted together and having the space for the plane-bit extending the whole width of the stock, and the front part having the opening for the escape of the shavings made the full width of said stock at the lower sides and with upwardly-converging sides, substantially as described.

9. The combination of the separately-constructed back and front parts of the stock, pivoted together and provided with the clamp-screw, and the guard-cap adjustably attached to the inner side of the front part by the slots and fastening-screws, said back part having the face for reception of the plane-bit, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of two witnesses, this 24th day of April, 1890.

JOHN F. MAGNUSON.

Witnesses:
W. J. MORGAN,
W. B. EWELL.

No. 445,793 – Plane (Granville W. Wright) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”472″]445793

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT,
ASSIGNOR TO SARGENT & COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 445,793, dated February 3, 1891.
Application filed October 6, 1890. Serial No. 367,226. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT, of New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Planes, (B;) and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and enact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a side view of the plane complete, a portion being broken away to illustrate the invention; Fig. 2, a top view of the same with the plane-iron removed.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of planes in which the stock is made from metal, the stock being constructed with a seat upon which the plane-iron may rest, and provided with mechanism for clamping the iron upon the seat, and in which provision is made for adjusting the upper end of the plane-iron laterally in order to change the line of the cutting-edge of the plane-iron with relation to the face of the stock; and the invention particularly relates to the mechanism for making such lateral adjustment; and it consists in the construction, as hereinafter described and particularly recited in the claim.

A represents the stock, made from cast metal; B, the seat upon which the plane-iron rests; C, the throat through which the edge of the iron projects; D, the plane-iron; E, the clamp by which the plane-iron is secured, and F the adjusting-screw by which the plane-iron is adjusted up and down to decrease or increase the extent of cut. So far the plane is of common and well-known construction, and does not require particular description. The upper end of the seat B, on which the plane-iron rests, is recessed, and in the recess a lever G is arranged to lie directly behind the plane-iron, and swing transversely in a plane parallel with the plane-iron. On the seat is a stationary stud H, which forms the pivot for the lever G, the lever G being forked at its lower end to embrace the stud. Above the stud H in the bed a transverse slot I is formed. In the lever a stud J is fixed or made as a part of the lever, projecting from the face of the lever toward the plane-iron, the diameter or width of this stud corresponding to the width of the vertical slot in the plane-iron and so as to extend into that slot, as seen in Fig. 1. On the reverse side of the lever G is a like projection or stud K, which works in the transverse slot I, and so that as the lever swings to the right or left the said stud J will move with it, the stud J forming a guide or holder for the lever to retain it in place, the stud preferably having a head upon the under side of the slot I, as seen in Fig.1, so as to prevent accidental detachment of the lever from the stock. When the plane-iron is introduced, its slot passes over the stud J, and so that the stud J will stand within that slot, and when the plane-iron is secured in place if it be desired to adjust the line of the cutting-edge with relation to the face-plate the lever G is turned accordingly to the right or left, as the case may be, and as indicated in broken lines, Fig. 2, such movement of the lever throwing the upper end of the plane outward to the right or left, and correspondingly changing the angle of the edge of the plane-iron with relation to the face of the stock. Preferably the lever extends above the upper end of the plane-iron, so as to form a thumb-piece L, for the convenient adjustment of the handle; but this is not essential to the invention.

I do not wish to be understood as claiming, broadly, a plane having the lever arranged to swing transversely and in engagement directly or indirectly with the plane-iron, whereby the upper end of the plane-iron is transversely adjusted according to the swinging of said lever and the angle of the edge of the plane-iron thereby adjusted with relation to the face of the plane, as such, I am aware, is not new; but

What I do claim is —

In a plane in which the stock is constructed with a seat B, upon which the plane-iron D may rest and be secured, the seat provided with a stationary stud H, and constructed with a transverse slot I above said stud, combined with a lever G, hung upon said fixed stud and extending upward in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the plane-iron, the said lever constructed with a stud J, corresponding to the slot of the plane-iron, and also with an stud K, extending into and so as to move in said transverse slot I, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT.

Witnesses:
E. H. EGGLESTON,
W. S. COOKE.

No. 445,792 – Plane (Granville W. Wright) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”471″]445792

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT,
ASSIGNOR TO SARGENT & COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 445,792, dated February 3, 1891.
Application filed October 6, 1890. Serial No. 367,225. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT, of New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented new Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description ot the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specincation, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a side view with a portion of the plane-iron broken away to illustrate its connection with the adjusting-lever; Fig. 2, a top view with the plane-iron removed; Fig. 3, a face view of the plane-iron seat with the lever removed to show the transverse slot J and the slide therein.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of planes in which the stock is made from metal, and in which provision is made for adjusting the upper end of the iron laterally, so as to change the angle of the iron with relation to the working-face of the stock, the invention relating particularly to the mechanism for producing such lateral adjustment; and it consists in the construction as hereinafter described, and particularly recited in the claim.

A represents the stock, which is made from cast-iron, and in which an inclined seat B is formed as a bed for the iron C, D representing the throat of the stock.

E represents the clamp by which the iron is held to its seat, all substantially as in the usual construction, and as here represented it is provided with an adjusting-screw F, by means of which the plane-iron may be raised or lowered to make the out less or more, as the case may be, also in the usual manner.

The particular mechanism as thus far described is too well known to require description.

The upper end of the seat B is recessed, and in the recess a lever G is hung upon a pivot H, and so as to swing in the plane of the seat B, on which the iron rests, this lever G lying directly back of the iron when in place, as seen in Fig. 1. Through the hub or body of this lever a segment-shaped slot I is formed eccentric to the pivot H, and as seen in Fig. Transversely across that portion of the bed in which the lever is hung is a slot J, (see Fig. 3,) in which a slide K is arranged, the said slide presenting a head L on the face adapted to stand in the vertical slot of the plane-iron, the width of the head being substantially the same as the width of the slot.

The said slide extends through the slot I of the lever G, and so that by turning the said lever G to the right or left the slide K will be moved transversely, according to the eccentricity of the slot I, and as indicated in broken lines, Fig. 2, and because the head L of the slide K stands in the slot of the plane-iron it necessarily follows that the upper end of the plane-iron is moved accordingly to the right or left, and such movement of the upper end of the plane-iron correspondingly turns the said iron to change its relation to the face of the plane, and so that the plane-iron may be adjusted to bring the line of its edge parallel with the face of the plane, or inclined thereto, as may be desired. The lever G preferably extends slightly above the upper edge of the plane-iron, so as to form a handle or thumb-piece, as M, by which it may be readily adjusted. When the plane-iron is secured to its seat and it is found necessary to change the line of the cutting-edge of the plane-iron with relation to the face of the plane, it is only necessary to turn the lever G to the right or left, as the adjustment may require, the clamp which secures the plane-iron to its seat being sufficient to hold it in place and yet permit such adjustment to be made, so that the adjustment may be made after the plane-iron has been firmly secured and without change of such securing devices.

From the foregoing it will be understood that I do not claim, broadly, a lever arranged in the stock back of the plane-iron as a means for adjusting the plane-iron transversely; but

What I do claim as my invention is —

In a plane substantially such as described, and in which the plane-iron is secured upon the seat in the stock, the stock constructed with a transverse slot above said seat and in rear of the plane-iron, a lever hung upon the stock in rear of the plane-iron and so as to swing in a plane parallel with the plane-iron and across said transverse slot, the lever constructed with a slot eccentric to the pivot on which it swings, and a, slide working in said transverse slot and extending through the said segmental slot of the lever into engagement with the plane-iron, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT.

Witnesses:
E. H. EGGLESTON,
W. S. COOKE.