Tag: 1857

No. 17,921 – Stock For Smoothing Planes (John F.W. Erdmann) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”49″]17921

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN F. W. ERDMANN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

STOCK FOR SMOOTHING-PLANES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,921, dated August 4, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J. F. W. ERDMANN, of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Smoothing-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in certain improvements as hereinafter described in smoothing (or scraping) planes for the use of cabinet makers and others.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention I will proceed to describe its construction and operation, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section; Fig. 2, a side elevation; Fig. 3, an end elevation; Fig. 4, a top view of plane stock;
Fig. 5, side and edge views of plane iron, and Fig. 6, side and edge views of wedge.

The stock (A) is constructed as that of the ordinary smoothing plane with the exception of the mortise for the bit (B) being made with a reversed inclination to that usually given.

The plane rim or bit (B) is constructed as shown with two working ends or four cutting edges which may be used alternately until all require sharpening.

(C) is the wedge which is constructed so that it may be applied either before or behind the bit (B) which is perfectly plain on its sides.

(D) is an elastic strip inserted in the back of the stock at the throat and against which the bit (B) is pressed when secured by the wedge (O).

It will be observed that by the arrangement of the four edged scraping bit (B) in the ordinary smoothing plane stock, an efficient and economical tool is made, which may be constructed to adapt itself to every variety of work, while by constructing the same as described the cutting angle of the bit may be varied by simply shifting the wedge (C) from one to the other side of the said bit, always pressing the said bit firmly against the elastic strip (D), which latter effectually prevents any shaving from entering the throat of the plane back of the iron, and also makes the plane work more easily, and satisfactorily from the fact of making the iron very slightly elastic.

I am aware that an iron similar to mine is known as a scraper and that irons have been adjusted in stock, with mechanisms for changing the cutting (or scraping) angle and do not wish therefore to be understood as claiming such features as my invention, but

Having described the construction of my improved plane what I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-

Placing in the throat of the plane back of the iron, the elastic strip (D) substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 28th day of May, 1857.

JOHN FR. W. ERDMANN.

Witnesses:
D. MAJOR GODWIN,
WM. T. GODWIN.

No. 17,951 – Joiner’s Plane (Thomas D. Worrall) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”50″]17951

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOS. D. WORRALL, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,951, dated August 4, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOS. D. WORRALL, of Lowell, Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in certain devices for securing and regulating the bits in planes, the peculiarities of which will be hereinafter fully described.

In order that others skilled in the art may manufacture and use my invention I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings which make a part of this specification Figure 1 is a side elevation showing its internal arrangement in dotted lin. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the bit. Fig. 3 is a view of the cap. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the bottom of the clamp lever. Fig. 5 is a top view of said lever.

In Fig. 1 (A) is the body or stock of the plane. B is a strap attached to the back of the bit — having a screw in its upper extremity — its lower extremity being in the form of a T. (G) is the bit secured to the T strap by means of screws (n n’) seen in Fig. 2. H is the cap having a slot in it as seen in Fig. 3, and secured to the bit by means of a screw (m), said cap being concave as seen in Fig. 1. (D) is a rest attached to the top of the plane. (C) is a clamp lever, being pivoted at (i) and having a slot in its upper extremity (o) seen in this figure being one of the arms of said slot. (F) is a nut, working on the screw on the end of T strap (B), said nut having a groove in it, the groove fitting in the slot on the end of lever C. (E) is a screw passing through rest (D) and serving to operate lever (C).

Fig. 2 represents the bit, (n, n) being screws through it for the purpose of adjusting the T strap, as the plane bit wears. As the bit wears away the screws (n’ and n) may be removed; also, screws (m). Then after slipping the bit down (n’) will enter the place occupied by (n). (n) will occupy hole (x) and m will occupy the hole (n). In this manner I may use a suflicient number of holes and wear the bit entirely up, which cannot be done in the ordinary plane secured with strap.

Fig. 4 shows the bottom of clamp lever C — the T arms of lever C slip in between jaws (a) and slide on flanges (c), being clamped by said flanges when the lever is operated above by means of screw (E).

Fig. 5 shows a top view of the clamp lever with its slot for receiving the tap or nut (F).

In operating this plane the bit is first secured to the T strap, then the cap may be adjusted to its proper position on the bit, and the strap inserted into position in the plane stock — the lower extremity of the T strap enters the jaws of clamp lever C and its arms slide on, and are secured by flanges (c) — the groove in nut (F) being adjusted in slot into top of lever C the screw (E) is operated and the bit firmly secured.

The advantages of clamp lever C are very readily perceived (the lever may be made any desired or convenient length and the power obtained by it may be very great) for there is no known process by which a plane bit may be so securely bedded as by this — this lever operates upon the bit at two important points for bedding it — it draws the bit in at the bottom, with the power, and in a manner that can be done by no other means. The easy adjustment of the plane by means of lever C and screw (E) gives it advantages not possessed by other planes.

Having thus fully described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

I claim —

The employment of the clamp lever C for securing and bedding the bit, in the manner herein fully set forth and described.

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand.

THOS. D. WORRALL.

Witnesses:
C. M. ALEXANDER,
JOHNS HOLLINGSHEAD.

No. 18,312 – Attaching Adjustable Handles To Joiner’s Planes (Thomas D. Worrall) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”68″]18312

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOS. D. WORRALL, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF ATTACHING ADJUSTABLE HANDLES TO JOINERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 18,312, dated September 29, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOS. D. WORRALL, of Lowell, Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Movable and Adjustable Handles for Molding-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in certain devices for attaching and adjusting the handles on molding planes, the peculiarities of which will be hereinafter described.

In order that others skilled in the art may manufacture and use my invention I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings which make a part of this specification Figure 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 is a plan view of plate, D, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a view showing the slotted face of rectangular strap C. Fig. 4 is view of the nut, button and screw, for attaching plate D to the stock or wood part of the plane.

In Fig. 1 A is the stock or body of the plane, (B), is the handle, (D), is a slotted cap plate, resting on the top of the plane as seen in this figure. (C), is a rectangular strap of metal, the handle (D), being attached to one arm, the other extending several inches in front of the handle, is slotted, as seen in Fig. 4. (F), is a nut, with jaws as seen in Fig. 3. (G), is a button on the back of nut (F). (E), is a thumb screw passing through plate (D), and entering nut (F) as seen in Fig. 3.

Fig. 2 represents the slotted plate (D), (B), is a square shaft, passing through slot in strap C, (c), is a screw on the end of shaft b. Nut (a) in Fig. 1 passes over this screw and attaches plate (D), to strap (C).

In attaching this handle to planes, I first cut a groove in the top of the plane and a mortise in the side, the groove and mortise meeting form a T-shaped slot. The nut, F, fits in the body of this slot and the flanges formed by the projecting of the button beyond the sides of the nut fit in the arms of the slot. Plate D fits on top of the plane, between the arms, or jaws of nut, F, and over the slot, screw, E, passes through the slot in cap plate, D, and enters the nut, F, and secures the handle firmly to the plane. By means of the slot in cap plate D, the handle may be made to assume the position seen in Fig. 1 or strap, C, may lit up snugly against the plane as is the general manner of using it.

Strap C it will be seen is slotted for the purpose of adjusting the handle, elevating or lowering it as circumstances or convenience may require; the handle when placed at any desired position may be secured by means of the nut, (a). This adaptation of the handle to the top or bottom of the plane is particularly desirable in some instances. If the bit is set for cutting a very thin shaving the handle may be at the top or above the top of the plane, but if set for cutting a heavy shaving the handle should be as low as possible in order to have the power in a line with the work, so that the plane will not tilt but move steadily.

One of the chief advantages of my movable handle is that it does away with the necessity of making handle to my planes. They may thereby be aiforded at a much cheaper rate. This handle is so easily adjusted on the plane that but little time will be consumed in changing from one to the other.

Having thus fully described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

1. I claim the combination and arrangement of cap plate D, screw E, nut F, and T slot o, in the plane for the purpose of providing and securing a movable handle to planes.

2. I claim the arrangement of cap plate D, slotted strap C, and screw a, for the purpose of adjusting the handle vertically when desired by the operator as set forth and described.

THOS. D. WORRALL.

Witnesses:
C. M. ALEXANDER,
JOHN S. HOLLINGSHEAD.

No. 17,657 – Bench Plane (Thomas D. Worrall) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”47″]17657

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS D. WORRALL, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND THOMAS F. CALDICOTT, ASSIGNORS TO THOMAS F. CALDICOTT, OF CHARLESTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE FOR FINISHING GROOVES IN PATTERNS &c.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,657, dated June 23, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS D. WORRALL, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Bench Plane or Jointer; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view of the same. Fig 2 a side elevation o it. Fig. 3 a vertical, central, and longitudinal section of it. Fig. 4 a horizontal section of its cutter holder and clamp.

In these drawings A denotes the body or stock of the plane as made of wood and having a handle B projecting upward from it, such part A generally being about one-half or less than one-half the thickness of stocks for bench planes or jointers as ordinarily made. The said stock is provided with a separate metallic cutter holder C, which is placed on its top and fastened to it by means of screws as seen at a, a. This cutter holder formed as shown in the drawings, is furnished with a slide clamp D, made so as to embrace a dovetailed projection ln, extending from the rear side of the cutter or plane iron E, as shown in the drawings. Such slide is provided with a slot f, for the reception of wedges F, G, which act against one another, the rear end of the slot and a shoulder c formed in the cutter holder. By driving up these wedges the cutter is drawn firmly down upon its seat d, formed in the holder and does not depend on the wood of the plane iron to enable it to be held in place.

By my construction of the plane important advantages are gained. It may be made lighter than ordinary planes of the kind ; its cutter is more firmly held in position ; its devices for clamping the cutter are compact and disposed in convenient positions for the carpenter to operate them as occasion may require. Furthermore, they are well protected both by the handle and the cutter so as not to be liable to be disturbed or disarranged except as occasion may require.

What I claim is —

The improved manufacture of carpenter’s bench plane or jointer as made with its handle, its wooden stock to which said handle is atlixed, and a separate metallic cutter holder, and cutter clamping devices arranged together substantially as specified.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature.

THOS. D. WORRALL.

Witnesses:
J. C. DOWNING,
JOHN E. CRANE.

No. 16,889 – Carpenter’s Plane (M.B. Tidey) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”38″]16889

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

M. B. TIDEY, OF ITHACA, NEW YORK.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,889, dated DMarch 24, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, M. B. TIDEY, of Ithaca, in the county of Tompkins and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Mode of Constructing Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and clear description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a View of the cavity or throat opening of the plane stock as constructed for the reception of the bit-case. Fig. 2 is a reverse view of the same and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof. Fig. 4; is a bit-case to be applied to said cavity and Fig. 5 is a view of the lower extremity thereof. Fig. 6 is the same as Fig. 1 with the bit-case applied, and Fig. 7 is a reverse view of the same. Fig. 8 is a view of the plane complete as invented and constructed by me.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in these several figures.

The object of this invention is, first to simplify the manufacturing of planes; second to render them more durable; third to retain a uniform mouth; fourth to obviate their clogging and fifth the retention of the essential part of the plane when the stock is worn out.

The following description will enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention.

The mode of my invention consists in the construction of planes of wood and in the usual way with the exception of the cavity or throat opening which is essentially different as will be seen hereafter.

I construct in the plane stock a cavity of uniform width as denoted by lines a, Figs. 1, 2, 6, 7, and 8, which terminates longitudinally at lines 5, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8. Fig. 1 is an upper view of said cavity showing also the adjustable screw B with supporting nut C and screw holes f, f, also finishing cuts c, c. Fig. 2 is a reverse view of the same showing the face of the plane. The lines F, F, F, F, Fig. 3, represents the back face and the lower part of the front face of the cavity or throat opening and are to be made parallel with each other or nearly so, the object of which is to prevent any space or opening at point D, Fig. 7, by drawing up the bit-case for the purpose of refacing the plane. In the cavity as thus constructed I apply the metallic bit-case (Fig. 4) as seen at A, Fig. 6, which is secured thereto by screws d d through slots e, e, entering nut f, said nut being a rod of iron passing through the plane stock for that purpose. The bit-case passes through the stock, its lower extremity constituting a section of the plane’s face being provided with a mouth q and other formations necessary to the reception of the bit and its means of fastening thereto. The bit-case I arrange so as to be adjusted according to the wear or diminution of the plane’s face, for which purpose I throw the upper extremity of the case back making a projection at right angles with its bed A, which is provided with recess g, which is received by groove h, of adjustable screw B, by the operation of which the bit-case may be set at pleasure, slots e e, Figs. 4 and 6, admitting its passage under screw heads d, d, when loosened.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

The application to the cavity of the plane stock of a metallic bit-case and so applying it that its lower extremity shall constitute a part of the plane’s face constructed and operated substantially for the purpose and in the way set forth.

M. B. TIDEY.

Witnesses:
WM. ANGLE,
WM. F. PECK.

No. 16,805 – Carpenter’s Plane (Oldin Nichols) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”37″]16805

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

OLDIN NICHOLS, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,805, dated March 10, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OLDIN NICHOLS, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a useful and novel Changeable Multiform Plane; and I hereby declare that the following specification, in connection with the accompanying drawings and references thereon, constitute, embody, and designate a clear, lucid, and exact description of the construction, application, and use of the same.

In explanation of the accompanying drawings and for reference thereto, Figure 1, denotes a plan or top view of the plane stock with the iron, and handle secured thereto, the handle being secured to the top of the plane. Fig. 2, denotes a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3, is a longitudinal and vertical section of it, on line A, B, Fig. 1. Fig. 4, is a plan of my plane with the handle attached, in its lowest position. Fig. 5, denotes a side elevation of the same. Fig. 6, is a longitudinal and vertical section of the same on line C, D, Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a plan removed from the plane stock, of the cam shafts H and L, for holding both the plane iron and handle to the plane stock, and with the wrench for operating this cam, and for screwing the cap to the plane iron connected to, or placed on the cam shaft. Fig. 8, is a plan of this wrench. Fig. 9, denotes a plan of the plane iron C removed from the plane stock, with a section of the hook headed bolt E therein showing this bolt slabbed on each side to prevent turning when the cap D, is screwed to the iron C by the wrench I. Fig. 10, is a section of the plane stock A with a plate seen at gf intervening between the hook E and cam H.

Invention — The nature of my invention consists in firmly connecting the plane iron to the cap by means of a hook headed bolt and two nuts thereon, and the arrangement of a cam shaft to act on this hook by means of a wrench or its equivalent in such manner as to securely hold the plane iron to the stock, and the intermediation of a plate between the surface of the cam shaft and hook, which would otherwise come together to hold the plane iron to the stock, and the application of substantially the same arrangement to the handle whereby one handle will answer for any number of planes or molding tools, and the variable position of this handle which can be changed on the same, to be nearly as low as the face of the plane, to operate it with the greatest ease or in securing it to the top of the plane for planing floors or any desired work, all as hereinafter set forth.

Construction — To enable persons which are efficiently skilled in the art to which my invention appertains, to construct and carry out the same, I will describe it as follows:

I construct a plane stock as seen at A, in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10, of the drawing, I then construct the plane iron seen at C Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10, and the cap seen at D, same figures, and secure them together by a hook headed bolt seen at E Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 10, on which is placed two nuts, one top of the cap seen at F, Figs. 1, 3, 4, 6, and 10, and the other one under the plane iron seen at G Figs. 3, 6 and 10, these nuts are both properly threaded to the bolt E, the top one F, is to firmly hold the cap D to the iron C, and the lower one G, is to adjust the position of the surface or face a, Figs. 3, 6, and 10, of the hook headed bolt E, any desired distance from the iron C, in order to be in the proper position to be acted upon to hold the plane iron to the stock by the cam seen at H, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, and 10, which is fitted to the plane stock A, by first forming a hole therein for this cam shaft to freely turn in, the cam shaft H is constructed by turning an iron arbor round and smooth, and forming one of its ends square, on which to place the wrench I Figs. 7 and 8, so as to turn this cam shaft, to tighten and hold the iron to the stock by bringing the surface e, Figs. 3, 6, and 10, of this shaft H in contact with, and against the surface a, of the hook headed bolt E.

A portion of the cam shaft H, is removed leaving a vacant place seen at i, Figs. 3, 6, 7, and 10, so that by turning this cam shaft around so as to bring this vacant place i opposite or nearest the face a, of the hook E, the plane iron will be liberated so that it may be removed from the plane stock, for sharpening or any desired purpose.

It is designed to turn the cam shaft H, so as to bring its surface e, against the surface a, of the hook, in the position seen at Figs. 3, and 6, and 10, in order to hold the plane iron sufliciently firm to the plane stock, while this iron can be driven down to take a rank shaving, or driven up to take a lighter shaving as may be desired by the operator, without altering the tension of the iron to the plane stock.

A plan of the cam shaft H is shown in Fig. 7, disconnected from the plane stock, to better illustrate the part removed leaving a vacant place seen at i, for liberating the plane iron from the stock; an edge view of the wrench I, is also shown connected to this shaft H, in Fig. 7, and a plan of it is shown at Fig. 8, the large end J being fitted to turn either of the nuts F or G, for the purposes before stated i, e, for holding the cap D, to the plane iron C, and for adjusting the hook surface a, of the bolt, to be correctly operated upon by the cam shaft H, to hold the plane iron firmly to the stock.

At Fig. 10 is seen a plate g, held to the stock A, by the screw y, this plate intervenes between the surface e, of the cam shaft H, and the surface a, of the hook E, to prevent wear of these surfaces, and to prevent the plane iron from sliding, or moving when it is tightened to the stock. Single plane irons can be secured to the plane stock in precisely the same manner every way as the double iron; the hook headed bolt may be as much shorter for the single iron than it is in the double one, as the thickness of the cap D, which will be readily understood.

I construct one plane handle seen at B Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, so as to answer for a whole set of planes, or for any number of planes and molding tools by shaping its front edge as seen at n, and m Figs. Q, 3, 5 and 6, so that the surface n, of the handle B can be placed on the top or higher surface of the plane A, as seen at Figs. 2 and 3, the hook K Figs. 2 and 3, 5 and 6, swinging free on the pin , Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6, in the slot P, Figs. 3 and 6, the surface k, of the hook K, is operated upon (after being placed in the mortise M) by the surface h, of the cam shaft L, to hold the plane handle firmly to the stock, by turning the cam shaft L with the same wrench I, that is used to operate the cam shaft H, and nuts F and G.

The elevated position of the plane handle is designed for using the plane to finish floors of vessels or buildings and for smoothing or finishing in corners or places diflicult of approach, the distance from the center of the pin Q, in the plane handle, to the center of the cam shaft L, in the plane stock is the same whether the handle is in the elevated or lower position.

The handle B, can be instantly removed from the plane stock A, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, or equally well from any molding tool stock by placing the wrench I upon the square part of the cam shaft L and turning it back so as to bring the vacant or open part j, of the cam shaft L, nearest to the surface k, of the hook K, when the handle will be liberated and it can then be placed in the lowest position as seen at Figs. 4, 5, and 6, by placing the hook K into the mortise N, and the surface k, so that it can be operated upon by the surface h, of the cam shaft L, to firmly hold the handle B, in the lowest position seen at Figs. 5 and 6, which is the best for the easy working of the plane, by reason of the hand of the operator being thus in the lowest position possible when operating the plane and of course the hand will thus operate the plane in nearly a direct line with its face. The advantages are very great in this changeability of handle on the same plane from a higher to a lower, or from a lower to a higher position to work the plane with the great-est ease, or for convenience in working the plane in low places, or unapproachable places for the body, while the arms and hands can reach to work the plane if the handle be secured to the stock in the elevated position as seen at Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and another important advantage is my arrangement, whereby the handle can be applied to any number of either planes or molding tools, or both, thus saving much expense in first constructing the tools, and then in packing them, besides the advantage of change of position of the handle on the same plane, as above stated.

Use — In using my invention of plane, the cap D, has first to be secured to the plane iron, if the iron be a double one, by the fork J, of the wrench I, applied to the nut F, then it is placed in the plane stock A, in position to cut in the usual manner, the cam shaft H being of course turned so that its recess i, is next the surface a, of the hook-headed bolt E, then this cam shaft H, is turned so as to bring the surface e against, and in contact with the surface a, of the hook E, which will firmly hold the plane iron to the stock. When the round surface e, of the cam shaft H, is brought in contact with the surface a, of the hook E, no farther pressure will be had, if the cam shaft H, be turned farther because this surface e, is the round part of the cam shaft H, and this arrangement will allow the operator to either set, or adjust the plane iron (to give the thickness of shaving) with a hammer, or with the cam shaft H and wrench I, as he may wish.

The plate g, Fig. 10, intervenes between the surface a, of the hook E, and the surface e, of the cam shaft H, and prevents wear, and also prevents the plane iron from sliding by the friction on the hook E, caused by turning the cam shaft against it to tighten the iron to the plane stock.

For using the plane or molding tool, upon bench work the lower position of handle, seen in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, is the desirable one, as the plane will work much easier by the hand of the operator at this low point of the plane, but if floors of vessels or buildings, or other like surfaces are to be planed which are low and more difficult of access than bench work, then the higher position of the handle is desirable, as seen in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. The change of handle from one position to another is effected simply by turning the cam shaft L, back with the wrench I, sufliciently to liberate the hook handle K, then remove this handle and place it in the lower position, with the hook K, so that the cam shaft L, can be turned by the wrench I to tighten the plane handle in the desired position.

What I claim, is —

1. Connecting the cap D, to the plane iron C, by the hook headed bolt E with two nuts F, and G, thereon to hold them together, and then securing the iron to the plane stock A, by a cam shaft H operating upon this same hook headed bolt, which is so adjustable as to be lengthened or shortened that any desired pressure may always be had, to firmly hold the iron to the stock, by turning the cam shaft, and still allow the plane iron to be moved in or out of the plane to cut a thick or thin shaving, without farther tightening or loosening it, these parts being arranged and operated essentially in the manner and for the purposes fully set forth.

2. I also claim the plate g, secured to the plane stock, and intervening between the surface a, of the hook E, and the surface e, of the cam shaft H, to prevent wear of the hook and cam, and also to prevent the hook E, and plane iron C from sliding back when the cam shaft H, is turned to tighten the iron to the plane stock, essentially in the manner and for the purposes fully set forth.

3. I also claim the application of one single handle B, to answer for, and be secured to a whole set or any number of plane stocks, either in the lower or elevated position, and changeable from one position to another or from one plane to another, instantly and be secured firmly thereto by means of the hook K, and cam L, or their mechanical equivalents arranged and operated essentially in the manner and for the purposes fully set forth.

OLDIN NICHOLS.

Witnesses:
JOHN S. JACQUES,
E. W. SCOTT.

No. 16,569 – Joiner’s Plane (J.F. Palmer) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”36″]16569

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

J. F. PALMER, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO S. W. PALMER, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,569, dated February 3, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J. F. PALMER, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga and State of New York, have invented a. new and useful Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing, making a part of this specification, said drawing being a longitudinal vertical section of my improvement.

My invention consists in the peculiar means employed for adjusting the plane iron, as will be hereinafter fully shown and described, whereby the plane iron may be set with the greatest facility and also be raised free from the work as the plane is drawn back so that the cutting edge of the iron is not impaired thereby.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and construct my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A represents the plane stock which is constructed of wood and in the usual manner. B is the opening or throat in the plane, and C is a metal plate which is screwed to the back side of the opening or throat, the lower edge of the said plate being beveled and made flush with the bottom or face of the stock. The upper end of the plate is also flush with the upper surface of the stock. The plate C has an oblong recess (a) made in it to receive a spiral spring (b) and also has four guide slots made in it to receive pins (d) which are attached to the back of a plate D which is fitted over the plate C, the plate D being a trifle shorter than the plate C. The plate D has a projection or lip (e) on its back side, said projection or lip fitting over the spring (b) in the recess (a) of the plate C. The projection or lip (e) is notched, or it may be formed of two parts to allow a screw rod E to pass through it. The upper end of the screw rod has a small thumb wheel (f) upon it, and a groove or recess (g) is made circumferentially in the upper part of said rod to receive a fork (h) which is attached to the back side of the plane iron E’. The lower part of the screw rod has a nut F upon it which leans upon the projection or lip (e) on the plate D, and this nut has a screw (i)attached to it, said screw passing through a hole (j) in the plate D, and through a slot (j’) in the plane iron E’, and having a thumb nut (k) on its outer end. The lower part of the plane iron E’ has a cover iron G attached to it.

The upper edge of the nut F is beveled as plainly shown in the drawing, and a rod H is fitted longitudinally in the stock A, said rod having a vertical plate I attached to its back end, the plate I being at the back side of the tote or handle J. The front end of the rod H has a fork (l) formed on it, and when the rod H is pressed forward, it passes through an opening in the plate C and bears upon the upper nut F — a spiral spring (m) is placed upon the rod H, said spring keeping the fork free from the nut F.

From the above description will be seen that by turning the screw rod E, the plane iron E’ may be raised or lowered so as to give it the required “set,” and the plane iron is firmly secured in position or prevented from turning casually. The plate D is connected with the plate C by a guide pin so as to regulate the length of vibration of the plate D and plane iron E’, which are forced downward as the plane is shoved forward by pressing the palm of the hand against the plate I, the rod H being shoved forward thereby and the fork (l) bearing or pressing down the nut F, and consequently the plate D and plane iron E’, said plate and plane iron being kept up above the work or board being planed by means of the spring (b).

By the above improvement the plane iron may not only be set with facility but it is kept up from the work as the plane is drawn backward and consequently the cutting edge of the iron E’ is prevented from being rounded and rendered dull. The plane irons of ordinary planes are soon deprived of their sharp edges in consequence of being drawn backward over the work.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,

The two plates C, D, and plane iron E’ arranged relatively with each other as shown and used in connection with the screw rod E, and rod H as herein described and for purpose set forth.

J. F. PALMER.

Witnesses:
HORACE T. COOK,
C. H. JENKIN.

No. 16,412 – Adjusting The Size Of The Mouth In Planes (Thomas J. Tolman) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”35″]16412

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS J. TOLMAN, OF SOUTH SCITUATE, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF ADJUSTING THE SIZE OF TI-IE MOUTH IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,412, dated January 13, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS J. TOLMAN, of South Scituate, in the county of Plymouth and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a new and Improved Attachment to Rabbet-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the drawing forwarded and accompanying this petition is a full and exact representation of the same.

The nature of my invention consists in providing on the face of said plane an attachment of boxwood the fore part of which, or that part thereof which is forward of the plane iron being movable by means of a screw attachment, A and key B, thereby regulating with ease and certainty the size of the mouth and the working of the plane, and producing much smoother and nicer work — and to regulate the size of the mouth it is only necessary to start said key and screw. The durability of the plane is also increased four-fold.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The application to the common plane of the screw attachment and key, through the same, thereby regulating the mouth and greatly increasing its value.

In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name the seventeenth day of December, eighteen hundred and fifty-six.

THOMAS J. TOLMAN.

In presence of —

ALEXANDER WOOD,
EDWARD F. WOOD.

No. 17,111 – Adjusting And Holding The Knives Of Spokeshaves (Manley Packard) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”39″]17111

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MANLEY PACKARD, OF NORTH BRIDGEWATER, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF ADJUSTING AND HOLDING THE KNIVES OF SPOKESHAVES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,111, dated April 21, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MANLEY PACKARD, of North Bridgewater, in the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Iniproveinent in Spoke or Heel Shaves; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, is a top view, Fig. 2, a rear elevation, Fig. 3, a transverse and central section, and Fig. 4, a longitudinal section of one of my improved articles.

In these drawings A, denotes the handle or stock of the shave; B, the curved cutter knife made in the usual manner with starts a, a, which when the knife is in place in the stock, extends in the usual manner, through holes or mortises made in the same. The cutting edge of the knife operates in connection with a metallic bearer rest b, arranged in front of it, the same constituting the front boundary of the throat c, through which the shavings escape when the tool is in use. So far as the above mentioned parts are concerned, the instrument does not differ from many other spoke shaves.

My improvement which has relation to a means of confining the starts in the stock consists not only in employing a bow spring C, to extend from one start to the other and rest on the upper side of the stock as shown in the drawings, but in having a screw D, to extend through the middle part of the said spring and screw into the stock, the head of the screw being in contact with the top surface of the spring. By screwing the screw into the wood, the bow spring will have its ends forced against the starts so as to hold them firmly in place, an abutment of metal, c’, being placed against each start and fastened in the stock, as shown in Figs. 1, and 4.

By the above described arrangenient and application of the bow spring and screw with reference to the stock and starts of the knife, the fixation of the knife in the stock, and at any distance from the bar b, is a matter which can be accomplished with ease and certainty, the knife not being liable to change its position after once having been adjusted. Besides this, the arrangement of the fastening contrivances, causes them to be so isolated from the sides of the stock as not to interfere with the operations of a workman, who may be using the instrument. The inner corner of each start is beveled or charnfered olf a little as shown at f, in order that when the starts are being driven or pressed through the stock, they may go clear of the ends of the spring so as not to injure it.

My improveinent is one of much utility, as while it affords a simple and efficient means of maintaining the knife in place in the stock it is not in the way of a workman as clamp screws are when extended into and from the sides of the stock.

I do not claim applying either a wedge or a clamp screw to each start in order to keep it in place in the stock, but

What I do claim is —

The above described new arrangement of the clamp screw and bow spring with respect to the handle and starts of the knife or cutter and so as to operate therewith substantially as specified.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature.

MANLEY PACKARD.

Witnesses :
MARSHALL M. PACKARD,
J. R. PERKINS.

No. 17,118 – Improved Lubricator For Bench Planes (Hiram Strait) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”40″]17118

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HIRAM STRAIT, OF COVINGTON, KENTUCKY.

IMPROVED LUBRICATOR.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 17,118, dated April 21, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HIRAM STRAIT, of Covington, Kenton county, Kentucky, have invented a new and useful Oiling Machine or Apparatus; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and definite description and illustration of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters stand for similar parts.

Figure 1 is a perspective, and Fig. 2, a vertical section of this oiling-machine, showing the relative position of its parts.

X is a cylindrical oil cup or vessel open at the top and bottom.

P is a vertical projection of its top for striking with a hammer, so as to loosen the bits of planes when they require sharpening, and R is a horizontal projection with several screws, z z, to fasten it to a plane-stock or journal-box.

L is its lid, which may be part of the cup, or separate, and is slightly concaved to receive the oil and set down in the cylinder a piece, so as to allow the blow of a hammer on the projection B; and B is its sliding and adjustable bottom.

T is a thumb-screw that passes freely through the lid L and screws into the bottom B, so as to raise it when turned one way and lower it when turned in a contrary direction.

To support the lid in its place and prevent the bottom from rotating with the thumb-screw, two or more guides, G G, are attached to the inside of the cup at equal distances, and the bottom is fitted to receive them and slide freely either up or down. The thumb-screw may be surrounded by a spiral spring, y y, to keep the bottom always fully extended.

S is a sponge or any other porous and elastic material saturated with oil, or a porous bag filled with oil, interposed for pressure between the lid L and bottom B. When the bottom raises, the pressure on the sponge increases, and when its falls, decreases. The oil is poured first onto the lid and then passes down into the sponge, and then its flow onto a journal or the face of a plane-stock is regulated by the pressure given by the thumb-screw.

This oiler is applicable to plane-stocks and journal-boxes. In plane- stocks it may be placed in front or behind the bits, or in front of the stock. When let into the stock it may extend clear through to the working-face, or it may extend near to it, and then the face immediately under it may be perforated so as to allow the oil to flow through and spread over it. The oil-cup may have a permanent and perforated bottom immediately under the sliding one, if required. When applied to journal-boxes, the lower part of the oil-cup X under the sliding bottom B may be contracted to a small aperture, and in plane-stocks expanded to their width. Any material that will saturate with oil and discharge it by pressure may be used in place of sponge.
This oiler may be attached so as to operate either vertically or horizontally. The lid may merely rest on the guides or be screwed firmly in its place.

The oil-cup may be square, oval, oblong, or of any other irregular form, and then the guides may be dispensed with and the lid rest on a projecting shoulder or points attached to the sides.

The oiler can be cast onto plane stock and journal-boxes when they are cast.

What I claim in this invention, and wish to Secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is —

The oil-cup X, with its sliding bottom B, thumb-screw T, and guides G, in combination with porous oil-bags or pieces of sponge S, or any other porous and elastic material saturated with oil, and the spring y, substantially as herein specified.

HIRAM STRAIT.

Witnesses:
BENJ. EGELSTON,
STEPHEN CHARLES.

No. 17,286 – Joiner’s Plane (Benjamin I. Lane) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”41″]17286

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

BENJAMIN I. LANE, OF NEWBURYPORT, MASSACHUSETTS.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,286, dated May 12, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN I. LANE, of Newburyport, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing, making a part of this specification, said drawing being a longitudinal vertical section of a plane with my improvement applied to it.

This invention consists in a novel means employed for securing the iron properly within the plane, and also for adjusting said iron, and giving it more or less “set” as may be desired.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and construct my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A, represents the body or stock of the plane constructed of wood and in the usual way.

B, is the throat of the usual form; and C, is the iron placed within the throat; the back of the iron resting or bearing against the back edge or side of the throat. To the back side of the iron C, near its lower end, a ledge (a), is secured, and a slot (b), is formed or made in its upper end. A ledge or small bar (c), is placed in the slot (b),
and is secured therein by a thumb nut (d), which is fitted on a screw (e), which passes through the slot (b).

D, is a screw rod, the lower end of which is stepped in the ledge (a) ; the upper end of the rod passes through the ledge or bar (c), and has a thumb wheel (f), on it.

E, represents a metal plate which is fitted on a plate F, secured and “let in” flush with the upper surface of the stock A. The plate E, is secured to the plate F, by screws (g), which pass through slots in the plate E. The plate E, therefore, is allowed a certain degree of play on the plate F. The screw rod D, passes through a hole (i), in the inner end. of the plate E; and also through a hole (j), in a bar or projection (k), at the lower end of a bar (l). This bar (l), is attached to the under side of the plate E; and a screw thread is out in the hole (j) through which the screw rod passes. In the back part of the plate E, a square opening (m), is made, and a wedge (n), is fitted therein. This wedge (n) , has a rod (o), passing vertically through it; the lower part of the rod having a screw thread formed on it; the screw portion passing through a nut (p), secured in a recess (g), in the stock A. The upper end of the rod (o), has a thumb wheel (r), on it.

The back side of the throat B, on which the iron C, rests has a recess (s), made in it, to receive the bar (l), and allow it a requisite degree of play.

From the above description of parts it will be seen that the iron C, may be raised and lowered by turning the screw rod D, so that the cutting edge (t), may have the required “set”; and the iron is firmly bedded or made to bear snugly against the back side of the throat B, by turning the rod (o); whereby the wedge (n), is depressed, the plate E, forced outward, and iron pressed or drawn firmly against the the back side of the throat.

I do not claim separately the screw rod D, for raising and lowering the iron C, for that has been previously used for effecting the same purpose; — but,

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. The sliding plate E, with bar (l), attached, through which the screw rod D, passes; the plate E being operated by the wedge (n), and screw rod (o); substantially as described, for the purpose set forth.

2. I also claim, in cornbination with the plate E, and bar (l), arranged and operated as shown, the screw rod D, applied to the iron C, and connected with the plate E, and bar (l), as described, whereby the iron C, may be adjusted or “set” with facility, and also secured firmly in proper position within the plane.

BENJ. I. LANE.

Witnesses:
JAMES F. BUCKLEY,
WM. TUSCH.

No. 17,332 – Joiner’s Plane (James Lashbrooks) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”42″]17332

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES LASHBROOKS, OF OWENSBORO, KENTUCKY.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,332, dated May 19, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES LASHBROOKS, of Owensboro, in the county of Daviess and State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and useful Irnprovernents in Hand-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of nay invention consists in the use of a curved bit whereby I am enabled to use a handle on all planes however short without any inconvenience.

In order that those skilled in the art may use and manufacture my invention I will proceed to describe operation and construction. In the accompanying drawings which make a part of this specification Figure 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the bit. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the bit.

In Fig. 1 A is the stock, B the handle, C the bit, D a plate of steel extending into the stock and attached to the handle. L is a screw passing through the bit C for the purpose of holding in its position, E the head of said screw. G seen in dotted line shows a screw for attaching bit F to bit C. g is a slot in the stock in which screw G works.

In Fig. 2 C is the bit, L the screw, a a slot through which screw G passes attaching the two bits.

In Fig. 3 C the main bit, F the cap bit, G screw for attaching them, L screw for stationing the bits at any desired point.

In the operation of my invention the bit and cap are first fastened together by means of the screw G and adjusted to the position required in the stock and then set to the depth required for planing by ineans of screw L which presses against plate D, D. The plane is then ready for use. It will be seen that as the bit C is pressed by means of screw L against plate D the effect of the leverage is to press the lower end of the bit firmly against the lower side of the plane stock through which it passes thus making a more solid and firm plane than by any other device known, doing away entirely with wedges in my curved bit plane.

One of the peculiar advantages of my invention consists in causing the bit to curve forward and thus allowing me room to set a handle on all short or smoothing planes which cannot be done by any other shaped bit heretofore known and which object is of great iinportance in short planes. It is also applicable to all planes.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is —

The curved plane iron C and cap F in combination with the curved back rest and slotted plate D operating as described and for the purpose set forth.

JAMES L ASHBROOKS.

Witnesses:
HENRY DUGAN,
JOHN LASHBROOK.

No. 17,541 – Tonguing And Grooving Hand Plane (Porter A. Gladwin) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”43″]17541

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

PORTER A. GLADWIN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND THOS. F.
CALDICOTT.

TONGUING AND GROOVING HAND-PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,541, dated June 9, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PORTER A. GLADWIN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Tongue and Groove Plane or “Match-Plane,” as usually termed; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, is a side elevation of my improved plane. Fig. 2, a front end view of it. Fig. 3, a top view of it. Fig. 4, a front view of its plane iron or cutter. Fig. 5, is an end view, and Fig. G, a, side view of the ordinary match plane.

The common match plane is made with two separate throats for the reception of separate cutters, which are arranged so as to stand or slant in opposite directions as shown at a, and b, in Fig. 6.

In Fig. 5 c, and d, represent the vertical guides of the tonguing and grooving cutters, their lower edges being arranged on a level with each other while both of such guides are placed between the tonguing and grooving cutters. After the plane has been used to form a tongue it must be turned around or reversed in the hand in order to enable it to make a groove. This is not the case with my improved match plane which always works in one direction whether it be used for cutting a tongue or for making a groove.

In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, A, denotes the stock or body of the plane, which is constructed with a single throat, B, for the reception of a cutter, or plane iron C, formed as shown in front view in Fig. 4, that is, with a grooving cutting edge, i, and tonguing cutting edges, k, k, arranged with respect to one another as shown in said figure. This cutter, C, stands or slants in one direction and operates with vertical guides c’, d’, and horizontal guides f’, g’, h’, arranged as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

In the common match plane, the vertical guides, c, d, (see Fig. 5) are arranged below the horizontal guides, and so that their lower edges may be on a level, whereas in my improved plane, the vertical guides, c’, d’, are arranged so that one of them viz d’ extends below the other, while the horizontal guide, f’, of the tonguing cutter is arranged between the said two guides, c’, d’. This latter arrangement enables the plane to be used with one handle and either for tonguing or grooving, while its handle is grasped by the hand of a workman, it not being necessary to reverse the plane during the performance of those operations.

The advantages of the improved match plane will be apparent.

I do not claim the combination of tonguing and grooving cutters, upright and horizontal guides in one stock, wherein the tonguing and grooving cutters are arranged to slant in opposite directions, but

What I do claim as an improvement in the match plane is,

The tonguing and grooving cutter or cutters in a single throat and to slant in one direction in combination with arranging the vertical guides so that one shall stand below the other, and the horizontal tongue guide be arranged between as specified.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature.

PORTER A. GLADWIN.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 17,553 – Stock For Bench Planes (Joel Bryant) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”44″]17553

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOEL BRYANT, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

STOCK FOR BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,553, dated June 16, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOEL BRYANT, of the city of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Bench or Carpenters’ Planes: and I hereby declare that the following is a full and correct description thereof, to wit:

The nature of my invention consists in removing the recess, back of the plane iron — formed by the lower edge or tip of the plane stock, and the bevel edge of the plane iron — the said recess serving no purpose whatever, but, as is well known, a troublesome annoyance in catching splinters and small pieces of wood, obstructing the use of the plane. And, also, in addition to the removal of the recess, I have invented a new and more convenient method ot securing the plane iron and its cap together (where a cap is used), and, in the plane stock, by means of a single screw bolt and a sunken nut, the said screw and nut operating in connection with the plane iron and cap, as shown in the accompanying drawings Figure 1. and by the letters and figures marked thereon and forming a part of this specification.

Fig. 1, in the accompanying drawings, is a longitudinal section of a bench plane, showing my improvement in the removal of the recess (R, Fig. 2,) as found in ordinary bench planes (Fig. 2). The recess (R, Fig. 2,) being removed by cutting off, or dispensing with the lower edge or tip (L, Fig. 2,) as far up in the stock (A,) as the upper part of the bevel of the plane iron goes to where the said plane iron (P) fits snugly to its bed in the plane stock (A) leaving in its room and stead an opening (O), having a backward inclination for the easy transit of any bits or small pieces that might pass the plane iron (P,) the said opening (O) being thus bounded on all sides by the snugly fitted plane iron (P) in the bed of the plane stock (A) it leaves no lissures or crevices in which splinters or bits of wood can fasten or stick; and thus, by this simple device, a most troublesome and vexatious annoyance is got rid of, without any inconvenience or disadvantage whatever, the said lower edge or tip (L) being of no use.

The other improvement in bench planes, is plainly shown in the said Fig. 1 by the screw bolt (B,) with its head (h) and shank (S,) in connection with the plane iron (P) and cap (C), and the sunken nut (N). The said shank (S,) being provided with a screw thread, passes through the said plane iron (P,) and cap (C) enters and fastens into the said sunken nut (N,) having a corresponding screw thread cut therein, the said screw bolt (B,) is screwed down into the said sunken nut (N,) and left with its head (h) resting upon, binding together, and firmly securing the said plane iron (P,) and cap (C,) in their place and bed in the plane stock (A), thus avoiding by this improvement the use of a wedge, or any other complicated contrivance for securing the plane iron and cap together and in the plane stock, thereby saving expense in the construction of plane stocks, and gaining an advantage and convenience in adjusting and securing plane irons over any other contrivance hitherto known or used.

I am aware that metal plane stocks have been invented with an iron tip for filling the said recess which I remove. I am also aware that an invention exists for securing the plane iron and its cap together and afterward, in the plane stock, by means of a “hook headed bolt, two nuts, and a cam shaft,” but these are essentially different from my invention; therefore, disclaiming all and every other alleged iinprovement in bench planes, (unless substantially the same as is herein set forth and described as my invention,) I institute my claim for what I desire to secure by Letters Patent as follows, to wit:

I claim the construction and use ot bench planes having an opening with a backward inclination made by the dispensing with, or the removal of the lower edge or tip of the plane stock ( as existing in bench planes of ordinary construction), the said opening being made for the purpose of avoiding the annoyance produced by splinters or small pieces of wood fastening into the recess, as formed by the said lower edge or lip of the plane stock and the bevel of the plane iron (in common bench planes) substantially as herein described and for the purpose set forth.

JOEL BRYANT.

Witnesses:
A. H. BIGELOW,
MELVILLE BRYANT.

No. 17,618 – Holding And Adjusting Plane Irons In Their Stocks (Willard W. Chipman) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”45″]17618

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLARD W. CHIPMAN, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF HOLDING AND ADJUSTING PLANE-IRONS IN THEIR STOCKS.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,618, dated June 23, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLARD W. CHIPMAN, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Holding and Adjusting Plane-Irons; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Similar letters of reference in each of the several figures refer to like parts.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane with my improvements attached. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 is a cross section perpendicular to the direction of the plane iron. Fig. 4. is a plan of a part of the apparatus, shown detached from the plane stock. Fig. 5 is an end view of the same.

A represents the stock, or main part of the plane. B is the handle, C is the iron, or cutting tool, D is the cap which is secured on the face of C in the usual manner by means of the screw F. This cap may, or may not be used.

Fastened to the back of the “iron” C is a double V or sliding piece E which has a slot running longitudinally through the middle of it large enough to admit the head of the screw F.

G, G is a small metallic frame having a V shaped groove on each side in which the sliding piece E is supported. A suitable place is cut out in the plane stock directly beneath the iron C to receive this frame G and it is secured therein by means of screws.

H, H’ are frogs or wedge shaped pieces secured in the grooves of the frame G, G by means of a joint so that one end is at liberty to swing in or out. These frogs are operated upon by means of the thumb screws I, I’, which screw through the sides of frame G and press against the movable end of the frogs. The heads of the thumb screws I, I’ are sunk in recesses made, one on each side of the plane stock and just large enough to allow the thumb and finger to have a fair chance to turn the screws. Now when the frogs are thrown back in the grooves, the slide E is at liberty to move up or down in them (the grooves) freely, and the “plane iron” can be adjusted to its proper place, which being done, the thumb screws are turned up against the frogs, and these bind or wedge the sliding piece E into the grooves, and thus the plane iron is secured firmly in its place. One advantage in this manner of securing the plane iron is, that it leaves the mouth of the plane through which the shavings come perfectly smooth and free from all the obstructions that are found in the common plane, so that the shavings cannot clog in the mouth and cause trouble to the operator. Another advantage is in the facility it affords of adjusting the iron to the right gage, and also of setting it. square. If, as it often happens, one side of the edge of the iron projects through the mouth more than the other, then we must loosen the screw on the side where the edge shows least and screw up the other, until the edge comes into the right position. This simple and positive operation is an evident advantage over the old uncertain way of rapping the top of the iron with a hammer.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The use and application of the apparatus for holding and adjusting the plane iron, substantially as, and for the purpose described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my signature this twenty fifth day of May A. D. 1857.

WILLARD W. CHIPMAN.

In presence of us —
N. WRIGHT,
O. E. CUSHING.

No. 17,645 – Securing And Adjusting Plane Irons In Their Stocks (William Stoddard) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”46″]17645

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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WM. STODDARD, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

MODE OF SECURING AND ADJUSTING PLANE-IRONS IN THEIR STOCKS.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,645, dated June 23, 1857.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WM. STODDARD, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and Improved Mode of Fastening in Plane-Irons; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan of a plane with my invention attached showing the lever A through an opening in the iron B ; Fig. 2 is an end elevation presenting the cam stand C and lever A as seen from a back end view of the plane ; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section on D, E, on which F denotes the tool stock; G, a cap on the cutting iron B and confined to it by the double headed bolt H. This bolt slides loosely in the grooved stand I, seen more distinctly in Fig. 7, which is a transverse vertical section through the double irons B and G, bolt H, and stand I.

A is a lever acting in and on the cam stand C in such a manner that moving it to the right or left lowers or raises the upper ends of the irons B, G. At the same time the cutting or lower ends are moved in an opposite direction by means of their connection with stand I by bolt H which serves as a fulcrum for lever A to operate upon thus firnily pressing the irons B and G to the plane stock and preventing any looseness or chattering at their cutting ends as is often the case when fastened by a key or wedge.

What I claim as my invention and wish to secure by Letters Patent is —

The grooved stand I double-headed bolt H in combination with the cam A and its stand C for the purposes set forth and described.

WILLIAM STODDARD. [L. S.]

Witnesses:
ALBERT I. PHILBRICK,
H. G. BLAISDELL.

No. 17,735 – Securing The Stock To The Guide Rods Of Joiner’s Plows (Stephen Going) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”48″]17735

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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STEPHEN GOING, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

DEVICE FOR SECURING THE STOCK TO THE GUIDE-RODS OF JOINERS’ PLOWS.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,735, dated July 7, 1857.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN GOING, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Plow for Joiners’ Use; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a front view of my improvement. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section ofthe same (x) (x) Fig. 1, indicating the plane of section. Fig. 3 is also a longitudinal vertical section of the same, (y) (y) Fig. 1, indicating the plane of section.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

My invention consists in the peculiar mode of securing the stock on guide-rods which are attached to the gage.

The invention has for its object the ready adjustment of the stock on the guide rods.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and construct my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A represents the gage to which two parallel cylindrical rods B, B, are attached. The gage is of the usual construction, and the rods B, B, which are guide rods, are attached to the gage in the usual way.

The guide rods B, B, ass transversely through the stock C. This stock is constructed in the usual manner.

Within the stock C a metallic rod or bar D is placed. The bar D is fitted in a recess (a) in the stock, and the lower end of a screw E is fitted into the center of the bar D. The screw E passes vertically into the stock C, and the ends of the bar D have each a concave surface as shown at (b) Fig. 3, and these concave surfaces (b) are at the bottom of the circular openings through which the guide rods B, B, pass. The recess (a) in the stock is made sufficiently large to allow a certain degree of vertical play or movement to the bar D, so that when the bar D is forced down to the lower part of the recess (a) by turning the screw E, the stock will be allowed to work freely back and forth on the guide rods. And when the stock is to be secured on the rods the concave surfaces (b) are pressed or bound firmly up a ainst the rods B, so that the stock will be firmly clamped to them. By this means the stock C may be readily moved and secured at any desired point on the rods B, and the parallelism of the stock and gage will always be preserved.

F represents the iron which is fitted in an inclined mortise in the stock. This mortise is of slightly taper form longitudinally, and a wooden key G is litted therein.

H is a screw-rod, which asses obliquely into the stock C, and at right angles to the face of the iron F. The inner part of the screw rod passes through a nut (c) placed in the stock as shown in Fig. 2, and the inner end of the rod, which has a journal (d)
formed on it, is fitted in a recess in the key G.

It will be seen from the above description of parts that by merely turning the screw-rod H, the key G may be made to press tightly against the iron F and secure the same firmly in the mortise. And as the screw-rod H , passes into the key G at right angles to it tlhe back of the iron F will be pressed firmly against the back of the mortise, and the iron will thus be prevented from working loose in the mortise. The great advantage in this arrangement is the relative position of the screw-rod with the iron and key, namely, at right angles. If the screw-rod were laced obliquely with the iron F, the iron wouild be liable to work loose in the mortise.

The ordinary plows, at least those of the most approved kind, have their stocks rendered adjustable on their guide rods by having screw-threads formed on said rods, and nuts and followers fitted thereon. The objection to the most modern plow now in use is that considerable time is lost in adjusting the iron placed in said stock at any parallel line required. By my improvement the iron in said stock may be adjusted with the greatest facility and also at parallel lines at any point of said guide rods.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

Securing the stock C, on the guide-rods B, B, by means of the bar D, fitted within the stock and actuated by the screw E, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

STEPHEN GOING.

Witnesses:
W. TUSCH,
J. F. BUCKLEY.