Tag: 1872

No. 129,508 – Improvement In Planes (Levi A. Alexander) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”200″]129508

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEVI A. ALEXANDER, OF PITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 129,508, dated July 16, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEVI A. ALEXANDER, of Pittsfield, in the county of Berkshire and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing.

My invention consists in providing an edging-plane with an adjustable hinged guide by which the plane may be regulated so as to cut or plane the edge of the wood at any desired angle.

Figure 1 is a side view of a plane having my guide applied, and Fig. 2 an end view of the same.

A represents the plane, constructed in the ordinary manner, and B a long bar provided with arms at which are screwed to the side of the plane so as to hold the bar in place along its lower edge. In each end of the bar B there is mounted a transverse slide, C, and a thumb-screw, D, for fastening the same; and to the inner ends of these slides is hinged the guide E, consisting simply of a flat plate or bar. The guide, thus arranged, can be turned so as to present its face at any desired angle to that of the plane; and, to provide for holding it in the required position, it is provided with a curved arm, F, passing through a stud, c, on the bar B, and the stud provided with a thumb-screw, G, which may be set up against the curved arm so as to hold it firmly. To facilitate the adjustment of the guide at any particular angle, the curved arm F is provided with graduations properly numbered, so that it is only necessary to turn the guide until the proper graduation on the arm is brought in line with the stud c, and then to turn up the thumb-screw so as to fasten the arm. The guide may also be adjusted laterally on the face of the plane by loosening and moving the slides C.

In using the plane it is applied so that the face of the guide bears flatly against the side or face of the wood, so as to hold the face of the plane at the desired angle to the edge of the wood, as shown in Fig. 2, so that, upon operating the plane. it cuts the edge of the wood down to the exact bevel or inclination desired. The guide may, of course, be adjusted so as to cause the plane to cut the edge at a right angle to the face, instead of beveling.

By the use of the guide the trouble of constantly testing and fitting the edge by a hand-gauge in the usual manner is avoided and a perfectly true and even edge produced. The guide may be readily applied to any ordinary plane, and can be quickly removed when necessary.

Having described myinvention, what I claim is —

A guide for planes consisting of a plate, E, hinged by adjustable arms C to the bar B, the latter being provided with the arms a, with the graduated quadrant F, and the means for securing the same in place, all constructed and arranged to be applied to a plane, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

LEVI A. ALEXANDER.

Witnesses:
LORENZO H. GAMWELL,
ELISABETH ALEXANDER.

No. 129,695 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Thomas Vaughan) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”201″]129695

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS VAUGHAN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 129,695, dated July 23, 1872.

_________________

Specification describing certain Improvements in Bench-Planes, invented by THOMAS VAUGHAN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts.

My invention relates to a metallic shoe, into which the wooden body of the plane is fitted and secured by means of cement, said shoe being strengthened by ribs before and behind the cutter, and having grooves or flutings cut in various places upon its inner sides to hold the cement.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a plan of the shoe, showing its shape, &c. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same, the shape and position of the plane being shown by dotted lines.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

a is the bottom of the shoe. a’ a’ are the sides and ends. In is the rib in front of the cutter. c is the rib behind the cutter. d is the opening for the cutter. e e e are flutings or grooves in the sides a’ a’.

This shoe is made of malleable cast-iron, and the body of the plane is cut away so as to fit into the shoe. The plane is secured therein by means of prepared cement, the flutings e e being for the purpose of more thoroughly fastening it, the cement filling into them. The ribs b c are intended to strengthen the shoe, and are very important, as it would without them be very liable to break when meeting with a fall from a considerable height. The casting throughout is of uniform thickness, (probably one~eighth of an inch ,) which gives the plane good proportionate weight. In planes made with my shoe I shall construct the cutter of gaged or uniform thickness throughout, so that the opening d shall retain its size and appearance as the cutter wears off. The cutter will also be secured by a wedge in the ordinary way. My plane (having the shoe) will “clean up” the hardest veneer without requiring a scraper, a few rubs with sand-paper being sufficient for any wood requiring the best French polish even.

A plane made as above-described, and having my shoe, costs about one-half as much as planes now in the market and purporting to do similar work. The wear is, of course, unlimited. The general shape of my shoe may be altered, of course, to fit different planes, such as block-planes; but the other features of the invention will be substantially unaltered.

I do not claim as my invention an iron or entirely metallic plane, but my shoe, in which is set a wooden plane, constructed as above described.

Having thus fully described , my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination and arrangement of tl shoe and sides and ends thereof a a’, ribs b c, and flutings e e, substantially as above described, and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

THOMAS VAUGHAN.

Witnesses:
HENRY W. WILLIAMS,
E. H. OBER.

No. 131,959 – Improvement In Match-Planes (Charles E. Marshall) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”203″]131959

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES E. MARSHALL, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN MATCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 131,959, dated October 8, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. MARSHALL, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Match-Planes; and do hereby declare that the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, hereinafter referred to, forms a full and exact specification of the same, wherein I have set forth the nature of my said improvement, by which my invention may be distinguished from others of a similar class, together with such parts as I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent.

My invention relates to that class of wood-working implements made use of for cutting grooves and tongues, commonly known as matching-planes; and the nature thereof consists in certain modifications and improvements in the details of the construction of the same, hereinafter described and shown.

In the accompanying plate of drawing, which illustrates my invention and forms a part of the specification thereof, corresponding parts are illustrated by similar letters.

Figure 1 is a view of the implement in perspective. Fig. 2 illustrates the position of the curvilinear projection or support for the left hand. Fig.3 is a detached view of the clamping apparatus.

The construction and operation of my invention are as follows: In the drawing referred to, letter A designates the tonguing, and B the grooving, edge, either of which may be used at will by merely reversing the direction of the plane — that is to say, when the tonguing-edge is used the right hand is applied to the handle C, and when the grooving-edge is made use of the right hand seizes the handle C’. The curvilinear projection D may be used with equal facility as a rest for the left hand, whichever edge is made use of. The diagonal support F of the blades H and I forms an angle of forty-five degrees with the edges of the plane, and is cast solid therewith. The blades or cutters are held in position by the clamps K K’, which are pivoted to the frame and operated by the thumb-screws L L’, as is clearly shown in Fig. 3.

Having thus described my invention, I will state what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent in the following clause — that is to say, I claim —

1. A reversible plane, provided with handles and a curvilinear rest, as described, so arranged that either edge of the plane may be operated with equal facility.

2. In a reversible plane, the combination of the diagonal rest, the cutters, and the clamps, all operating together, as and for the purposes described.

In witness whereof, I have subscribed my name hereto this 18th day of May, 1872.

CHARLES E. MARSHALL.

Witnesses;
TIMOTHY F. BOWE,
JOHN WATERS.

No. 133,162 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Jacob Lehner) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”204″]133162

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JACOB LEHNER, OF GALENA, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 133,162, dated November 19, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB LEHNER, of Galena, in the county of Jo Daviess and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useiul Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

My invention consists of a combination of screw-rods, nuts, and an adjusting-bar, with the plane stock and bit, in such manner that the setting of the plane-bit is effected by turning the nuts on the screw-rods, the latter being attached to the plane-stock at each side parallel with the bit. My invention also consists of a combination of a tightening-rod with the wedge and plane-bit for securing and releasing the latter; the said rod passing from the heel of the plane-stock through the plane-bit and its cap, which are slotted at the center for the purpose, into the wedge, in which it screws, and the plane-bit having two other slots, one at each side of the center slot, for the screws, by which the cap is secured to it, to allow the tightening-rod to pass through the center slot.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation through my improved plane on the line x x of Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 is a section on the line y y of Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

A is the plane-bit; B, the cap; C, the wedge; D, the screw-rods; E, the cross-bar; and F, the adjusting-nuts. The said rods are attached to the plane-stock, one at each side of the plane-bit, parallel with it, and extend a little higher than the bit does; the cross-bar fits on the rod above the plane-bit, so as to force it down by the adjusting-nuts F, which screw on the rods above the bar, two being used on each rod to fasten one by the other. G is the tightening-rod for fastening the bit and wedge; it passes from the heel of the stock, where it is provided with a thumb-bit for turning it, through the stock to the throat, and through the plane-bit and cap into the wedge, in which it screws. To allow this rod to pass through the center slot K of the plane-bit, a slot, L, is made on each side of it for the screws, by which the cap B is fastened to the bit.

It will be readily seen that the bit may be set and adjusted more accurately and nicely by this apparatus than by the common way of striking it with a hammer; that it cannot be forced back by the work, even though the wedge may not be as tight as necessary; and that the tightening of the latter can be effected better than by driving it in the common way, and the splitting of the stock common to that way of tightening it is avoided.

I am aware ofthe patent granted to J. K. P. Smith on the 9th of May, 1871, (and beg leave to disclaim the same,) but esteem my mode of combining means for holding and adjusting the bit as much simpler and more reliable than those shown by him.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The rods D D, cross-bar E, nuts F, and tightener G, combined with wedge, cap, stock, and bit, as described, for the purpose of adjusting and holding the bit at any desired point in the stock.

JACOB LEHNER.

Witnesses:
JOHN McHUGH,
JOSEPH METZGER.

No. 133,632 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Plane-Irons (Albert N. Cross) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”205″]133632

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALBERT N. CROSS, OF NECEDAH, WISCONSIN.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANE-IRONS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 133,632, dated December 3, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT N. CROSS, of Necedah, in the county of Juneau and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Plane-Irons; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and enact description thereof, that will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing and to the letters of reference marked thereon which form a part of this specification.

The nature of my invention consists in a cap and case used with a plane-iron, and so constructed that the cap can be set or adjusted at any distance from the edge of the blade, and the two together raised or lowered in the case, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

In order to enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to maize and use the same, I will now proceed to describe its construction and operation, referring to the annexed drawing, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan view, Fig. 2 a side view, and Fig. 3 a longitudinal section, of my invention.

A represents the plane iron or blade, B the cap, and C the case. The case C is in the center, on the front, provided with two slots, a and b, the slot a, extending from the upper edge downward for a suitable distance, and at the lower end of said slot is formed a projection, d, on the outside of the case. Below this projection d is the slot b, running on the same line with the former slot. The blade A is also slotted, as shown in Fig. 3, and is, with the cap B, placed in the case. A screw, e, is then passed through the slot b of the case and through the slot in the blade, and screwed into the cap B, thus securing the blade and cap firmly together. By means of the slot in the blade the cap may be set at any desired distance from the edge of the blade to do good work. On the front side of the blade A, at or near the upper end, is a short post or projection, f the outer end of which has a hole with female-screw threads. Through this is passed a thumb~screw, D, the lower end of which goes loosely through the projection d on the case, and has a nut on its end to prevent its being withdrawn. By means of this thumb-screw D the blade is raised or lowered at will for thin or thick shavings, and, the cap being fastened to the blade, the two are of course adjusted at the same time.

The case C is to be wedged in the stock so as to be firm in the same, the whole forming a very convenient and useful improvement in planes.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The within-described plane-iron, consisting of the slotted blade A, cap B, and slotted case C, the blade and cap being adjusted together by the set-screw e placed within the case and operated by the thumb-screw D, in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.

In testimony that I clairn the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand.

ALBERT N. CROSS.

Witnesses:
E. S. MINER,
B. F. BUCK, JR.

No. 131,544 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Cyrus H. Hardy) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”202″]131544

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CYRUS H. HARDY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO JOSEPH F.
BALDWIN, MELINA C. PATTON, AND JOHN LULLY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 131,544, dated September 24, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CYRUS H. HARDY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Metallic Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 of the drawing is a central longitudinal vertical section, Fig. 2 is a bottom view, and Fig. 3 is a part in detail, of my improved metallic planes.

The object of my invention is to provide means for the ready adjustment of the blade of a plane; and it consists in so forming an adjustable shield, in connection with a wedge-block and sides of the plane-frame, to allow a blade to be readily adjusted in or withdrawn from the frame.

In the drawing, a represents the bottom of a frame of a metallic plane, the weight of which is diminished by the formation of openings or slots b, which may be of any form or size, arranged as may be desired, and either left open or filled with wood or other light material or substance. The bottom a is provided with a suitable mouth, c, and has extending across, transversely, and upward a suitable distance, a finger-bar or rest, d, of any desired form. Toward the rear end of the frame is a vertical transverse bar or standard, e, extending upward to the height required to give the proper angle to a blade, f, the bottom of which rests upon it, and whose edge is formed by an upward bevel, f’. The rear end of the bottom a, is formed with a striking-block, g. Extending up from the bottom a are curved sides h, sloping upward toward the center of the plane, where each is cut away so as to leave on the top a projection, i, curved on the under side to admit the turning of an upward-curved portion or cam, k, formed by the forward part of projecting ends of the bottom of a shield, m, which is curved at the sides, back, and top, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and has its bottom cut away, as at n, to fit over the top of the blade f and is formed with a bottom frame or plate, o, provided with bearings o’, in which a bolt, p, having a suitable spring, p’, and thumb piece p” , is made to travel back and forth, in and out of a socket, x, formed in the end of a beveled or wedged block, r, formed to it within the curved front of the frame or plate o and the projecting sides l, to the latter of which it is attached by pivots s, or other suitable means, for allowing the shield on to turn over the top of the block r, the bottom of which rests upon the blade f, which is held by the pressure of the wedge-block r and cam k upon it.

Reference being had to Figs. 1-3 of the drawing, it will be seen that, by unlocking the bolt p from the block r, the shield m is, by the action of the cams k and pivot s or its equivalent, allowed to turn over the top of the block r, which is, by the operation, carried up, and lessens its hold on the blade f, which may then be easily withdrawn or adjusted in the desired manner. When the blade f is inserted in the position required the bolt p is unlocked from the wedge-block r, the shield m is turned by the action of the cam k onto the blade f which is securely held by the wedge-block r and cam k, and forms a guard that serves as a support to the hand, the fingers of which find a hold on the forward rest or bar d. The principal function of the spring-bolt p is to prevent the liability of the tipping of the cam is or the forward projections l of the shield m when power is applied to the upper part of the back of the shield. Instead of the bolt p and spring p’, &c., a spring-clutch, or any other suitable device for holding and relieving the wedge-block r, may be used.

It will readily be seen that by my improvements the blade f is inserted at a low angle, which admits of its being readily withdrawn or adjusted, and permits the shield m, which serves as the handle, to be placed near the mouth and center of the plane, and thus prevents the rising of the forward part of the plane, which is often liable to occur when the handle is formed near the rear end of the plane.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is —

1. A metallic plane, having a bottom, a, formed with openings or slots b, finger-bar or rest d, curved sides h, arranged with projections i, and cut away so as to receive and admit the turning of cams k, formed by the projecting ends l of the bottom of a curved shield, m, provided with a bolt, p, and spring p’, or their equivalents, and connected with and operating a wedge-block, r, bearing on a blade, f supported by a standard, e, substantially as specified.

2. The shield m, having the recess n, and provided with the frame o, bearings o’, and cam k, and combined with the bolt and spring p p’, block r, frame a e h, and blade f all arranged and operating as described.

3. The wedge-block r, in combination with the shield m, bolt p, and spring p’, or their equivalents, blade f and sides in of a metallic plane, arranged and operated substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CYRUS H. HARDY.

Witnesses :
SAML. M. BARTON,
CARROLL D. WRIGHT.

No. 127,541 – Improvement In Plane-Stocks (Samuel M. Adams) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”196″]127541

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL M. ADAMS, OF FITCHBURG, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-STOCKS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 127,541, dated June 4, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL M. ADAMS, of Fitchburg, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Plane-Stock; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawing which accompanies and forms part of this specification, is a description of my invention sufdcient to enable those skilled in the art to practice it.

In making patterns for castings it is often necessary to plane long straight faces, which are curved in cross-section, and as such faces differ so that in different patterns there are hardly two faces alike — for which reason there has to be, in every complete set of pattern-maker’s tools, a great variety of planes with curved-faced stocks and curved-edged bits.

My object has been to produce a plane in which the face of the stock could be adjustably curved, so that, with the same or with different bits, and with the same stock, faces to be planed may be brought to various curves, as desired, by fitting the plane thereto.

My invention consists in a plane-stock formed of sections, each of which has a plain straight face in the direction of the length of the plane, said sections being so connected that they may be relatively adjusted so as to present faces more or less curved in cross-section, the faces of the stock being brought to the form desired preferably by means of a pattern or gauge, and being then fastened; while for a bit or cutting-iron there may be selected a bit with a proper-shaped edge; or for slight medications one bit can be used. My invention consists in a plane or plane-stock the face of which is made up of plates or sections hinged together, and made relatively and independently adjustable, and having provision for fastening them in any position to which they may be brought by adjustment.

The drawing represents a plane-stock embodying my invention.

A shows a plan of it; B, a reverse plan or bottom view. C is a cross-section on the line x x D is a cross-section on the line y y.

a denotes the frame of the stock; b, the handle; c, the bit or iron; all made in the usual manner. To the frame as is fixed a center permanent or relatively immovable rib, d, having a face, e, and to the opposite sides of said rib d are jointed two other ribs, f having cutting-faces g, and to the ribs f two ribs, h, with cutting-faces i, and to the ribs h ribs k with cutting-faces l, there being as many of these ribs and faces as may be desirable.

When the faces are in line they constitute the flat face of an ordinary plane, and from this line or plane they are moved, as occasion may require a curved face to be planed. For this purpose the plates are jointed together by suitable ears and pins, as seen at m, and from each a jointed arm, n, extends, the several arms at either end of the plane passing through a sleeve or opening, in which, by means of a cam-lever, o, or an eccentric, p, they may be clamped together.

By means of a plane thus made a great variety of straight work curved in section may be planed with one tool, which work, without such a tool, would require as many planes as there were variations in surfaces to be planed.

The specific construction shown may, of course, be varied, both as relates to the connection of the sections and as to the means for clamping them in position.

I claim —

A plane-stock made up of sections connected together, substantially as shown and described.

SAMUEL M. ADAMS.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS GOULD,
M. W. FROTHINGHAM.

No. 127,842 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (John Brooks) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”197″]127842

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN BROOKS, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 127,842, dated May 28, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN BROOKS, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Bench-Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawing which accompanies and forms part of this Specification, is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice it.

My invention relates to the construction of common bench-planes for cabinet and joiners’ work; and the object of the invention is to enable a workman to plane up into angles made by tenons, shoulders, and other projections in wood-work, into which angles the bits or irons of common planes cannot reach, being kept therefrom by the stock in which the plane-bit is held. In my invention I make a suitable plane-stock, with an upright or wall upon one side, (against which upright or wall the bit may be held,) but with no bit-inclosing flange, upright, or wall upon the opposite side to support the bit, the stock or plate being slotted to form the throat for the edge of the bit, and the slot extending out through the plate at one end, the bit being set so that its side edge (on one side) is in the plane of the side or edge of the plane-stock, the corner of the cutting-edge being at the end ofthe open throat or mouth. The plane bit or iron being clamped in position, it will be obvious that its edge will reach into any angle formed by a projection standing at a right angle to the general surface upon which the plane acts. It is in this construction that the invention consists.

The drawing represents a plane embodying the invention.

A shows the side elevation of the plane; B, a perspective view of it; C, a bottom view of it.

a denotes a plate for supporting the bit b, this plate having a vertical flange, c, at its front end for imparting rigidity to the adjacent portion of the plate, an upright or wall, d, at one side, and a vertical flange, e, at its rear end, this latter supporting the rear part of the bit in proper inclined position. The bit is held down by a screw, f, which works in a nut-thread in the end of an arm, g, extending from the upright d. The front end of the bit is supported upon a bed or incline, h, and its cutting-edge extends down through and is adjusted with respect to the throat i. This throat is a slot cut through from one side, or opening out to the side, as seen in the drawing. The mouth or open end It of the slot is in a plane with the plain side or edge of the stock, and the edge of the bit is brought out to this edge and mouth.

It will be obvious that this construction enables the plane to cut to the extreme edge of the bit, or up to any angle made by a piece standing right angular to the general surface upon which the plane is at work.

In small work necessity for the use of such a tool constantly occurs, and this plane effects great saving in time and enables better work to be done than can be edected with the common plane.

I claim —

A bench-plane constructed substantially as shown and described.

Executed this 19th day of October, A. D. 1871.

JOHN BROOKS.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS GOULD,
M. W. FROTHINGHAM.

No. 128,470 – Improvement In Rabbet-Planes (George M. Darley) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”198″]128470

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE M. DARLEY, OF NEBRASKA CITY, NEBRASKA.

IMPROVEMENT IN RABBET-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 128,470, dated July 2, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE M. DARLEY, of Nebraska City, county of Otoe and State of Nebraska, have invented a new and Improved Rabbet-Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a front view of the plane. Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the plane. Fig. 3 is a section through dotted line x x. Fig. 4 is a section through dotted line y y.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to an improved plane, which is designed for rabbeting circular as well as oval work. It consists in the combination of adjustable gauges with a plane, as will be hereinafter explained.

The following description of my invention will enable others skilled in the art to understand it.

In the accompanying drawing, A represents the stock of the plane, which may be made of any desired length, and which is curved on top at its ends so that it can be conveniently grasped in the hands. This stock A is centrally throated to receive the plane-iron c and wedge d, and beneath this throat the sole or face B of this plane is secured in a suitable manner. This sole presents a convex surface, which is below the corresponding surface of the stock. It is convex transversely, and its ends extend out from the front and back sides of the stock A, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4.

The front projecting end of the sole B is sustained against undue strain by a shoulder, a, which is formed on the stock A. On each side of the sole B is a gauge, C, the wearing face of which is protected by metal. Each gauge C is adjustable endwise, and is applied to the stock A by means of dovetail tenons s s, shown in Fig. 3. Each gauge is slotted longitudinally, as shown at g, which slot receives through it a set-screw, h, which is tapped through a plate, p, on the bottom of the stock, and serves to fix the gauge at any desired point. Instead of a set-screw, h, a bolt may be used for each gauge G, which will pass vertically through the stock A and receive on its upper end a nut.

It will be seen from the above description that I have a right and left hand rabbeting-plane, which can be adjusted for any desired width of rabbet by means of the gauges C, and which is adapted for all kinds of circular or oval work.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, is —

The centrally-throated stock A, with its depressed sole B, in combination with the adjustable gauges C C, substantially as described.

GEORGE M. DARLEY.

Witnesses:
Z. N. CAMPBELL,
EDM. F. BROWN.

No. 129,010 – Improvement In Dado-Planes (Rufus H. Dorn) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”199″]129010

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

RUFUS H. DORN, OF PORT HENRY, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN DADO-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 129,010, dated July 16, 1872.

_________________

Specification describing a new and Improved Extension Plane, invented by RUFUS H. DORN, of Port Henry, in the county of Essex and State of New York.

Figure 1 represents a side view of my improved extension plane; Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the same; and Fig. 3, a vertical transverse section on the line c c, Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The object of this invention is to produce a grooving-plane which can be adjusted without change of knives, to cut narrower or wider grooves; and the invention consists in the application, to the plane, of a pivoted cutting-blade which can be swung more or less to one side to enlarge the scope of its action. The invention also consists in several other details of improvement, and in the combination with the swinging blade of a laterally-adjustable spur or marking blade, which must be set in accordance with the position of the swinging blade.

A in the drawing represents the body or block of the plane, made of wood or metal, and containing the ordinary planing-knife B, and double-pointed marking-spur C, in front, like every ordinary plane. The knife B and marker C extend across the full width of a rib, a, that projects from the bottom of the plane, and are therefore adapted to cut a groove of exactly the width of the said rib. D is a vertical arbor extending through the plane A, and through the rib a, and carrying a horizontal cutter, b, at its lower end. For the reception of this cutter b, a recess is provided in the rib a. When the arbor D is turned so as to swing the cutter b laterally, as in Fig. 2, the latter will thereby enlarge the cutting width of the plane in as far as its cutting-edge projects from the rib a. The larger the angle, therefore, at which the cutter b projects from the rib or, the wider will be the groove cut. The arbor D carries a slotted segment, d, at its upper end, by which the arbor and its knife may be set to any desired position. Through the segment passes a screw, e, which enters the plane for locking the cutter b in any position to which it may be swung. The arbor D is also vertically adjustable in the plane to compensate for wear and set the blade b to greater or less depth; and the blade is held at the desired height by a set-screw, f or its equivalent. E is a laterally-adjustable spur or marker, arranged on a transverse head, g, in front of the arbor D. It is set in line with the point of the blade b, and cuts through the stuff vertically, and thus defines exactly the width of grooves to be cut by the plane. The head g extends entirely through the plane A laterally, and can therefore be moved from either side to set the marker E. A wedge h, above the head g, serves to clamp it in any desired position, as is clearly indicated in Fig. 3. The marker E is attached by an adjustable union, in the form of a screw, to the head g, so that when the marker wears, or its vertical position requires change, it may be conveniently adusted. F is a vertically-adjustable gauge or support to regulate the depth of the out of the plane, and also support the marker E. The shank of the gauge F extends through the plane, and the gauge is adjusted from the top thereon and is held in the desired position by the lateral set-screw x. The position of the marker E is directly in front of the gauge, and in the use of the plane the force applied carries the marker against the gauge, which supports the marker and keeps it in proper position. The bottom of the plane is provided, in connection with the marker E and with the cutter b, with graduating scales or indexes i i, which represent the width of groove that may be cut, on which indexes the blade b and marker E can be set with great exactness, so that their respective positions will correspond with each other.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. The combination, in a plane, of the cutters B b and markers C E, arranged to operate together in the manner described.

2. The cutter b, providedwith arbor D, combined with the slotted segment d, as and for the purpose set forth.

The above specification of my invention signed by me this 12th day of January 1872.

RUFUS H. DORN

Witnesses;
T. B. MOSHER,
GEO. W. MABEE.

No. 127,026 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Morgan Chittenden) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”195″]127026

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MORGAN CHITTENDEN OF DANBUBY IOWA.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 127,026, dated May 9, 1872.

_________________

SPECIFICATION.

I, MORGAN CHITTENDEN, of Danbury, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specifcation:

The object of this invention is to attach to the stock of a common bench or other plane an adjustable and removable guide or fence that can assume any desired angle with relation to the f’ace of the plane; and it consists in the construction and arrangement of the devices necessary to so attach and adjust the fence or guide, as will hereinafter be fully described.

In the drawing, Figure 1 is a side view of a plane-stock guide, and the devices for clamping it to the stock, and adjusting it to different angles; Fig. 2 is an end view of same; Fig. 3 a side view of the clamp, and Fig. 4 a top sectional view of the same.

A represents the stock of the plane; B, the fence or guide. C is a portion of a clamp, by which the fence B is attached to the plane-stock by means of the strap-plate C’, that is made fast to the guide or fence, and is hinged to clamp-piece G at c”; on the lower end of clamp-piece C’ is a hook-like projection, c”’, that takes hold of the under or face side of the plane-stock, as seen in Figs. 2 and 3. D is a screw-rod, having a screw cut upon it a portion of its length from one end. E is a nut, fast on the screw-rod D, and by which the screw rod is turned. E’ is a swivel, having heads e’ e’ through which rod D freely turns, while on one side the connecting-bar has a holding~screw, e”, that holds the swivel fast upon the screw-rod at any desired point, on the opposite side of the swivel is plate f’. The swivel E’ is held to its place by collar e on one side and nut E on the other. F is a diagonal connecting-bar pivoted at f to plate f’, has a screw-swivel at f”, for the purpose of adjusting the length of the diagonal bar; and at the lower end of the screw-swivel is an eye that goes between ears f3 f3, and to which it is pivoted. G is a pivot-plate, pivoted to the outside of the fence or guide-piece B, and has cast upon it ears f3 f3, between which the swivel end of the diagonal connecting-rod or bar is pivoted, and by which the guide or fence is allowed to assume different positions with relation to the face of the plane. H is the upper part of the clamp, and has a hook. h, projecting from one side, and takes hold of the upper side of the plane-stock. This upper part of the clamp fits and slides into the lower and outer part C, and the two parts are held together only by screw h’ h’ is a screw, going longitudinally through clamp-piece H into clamp-piece C, and by turning up the screw brings the hooks h and c”’ nearer to each other, and consequently clamps the device fast upon the plane-stock. Screw-rod D freely slides and turns in a hole in a projecting rib on clamp part, G, at one ofthe clamps, as seen at c, while the screw part of the rod passes through a screw-nut in the other clamp-piece at c’.

The operation is as follows: After the device is clamped upon the plane-stock by turning screw h’ down hard, and thereby firmly securing the fence or guide to the stock by turning nut E, it will force the screw-rod D longitudinally in one direction or the other, carrying with it the upper end of the diagonal connecting-bar F, but by reason of the guide or fence B not moving longitudinally it is forced to turn on hinges c”, and turn outward, making an obtuse angle to the face of the plane; and by reversing the revolution of the nut E the rod D is forced in the reverse direction, and consequently the guide or fence B is pushed so as to form an acute angle to the face of the plane, thus making the fence conform to any angle desired, when it is held firmly in such angle by screw e”.

By this construction the fence or guide can be attached to and removed from any plane-stock without marring or defacing it, and saving much in the expense of having extra planes with the fence attached, as this can be made to be put upon or attached to any plane.

I claim as my invention —

1. The sliding-rod D, diagonal bar F, plate G, and guide or fence B hinged to clamps C C H H, in combination with the plane-stock A, constructed to operate as shown and described.

2. The combination of the parts C of the clamps, straps C’ hinged thereto, screw-rod D, turning-nut E, swivel E’, bar F and plate G with the fence or guide B, constructed to operate substantially as herein described.

3. Attaching the removable and adjustable fence or guide B to the plane-stock A, by means of the clamps formed of parts C, to which the guide is hinged, and H having hooks c”’ and h, and holding-screw h’, in the manner herein described.

MORGAN CHITTENDEN.

Witnesses:
DAVID B. BOODY,
ALFRED BELL.

No. 126,707 – Improvement In Planes (Conrad Jensen) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”194″]126707

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CONRAD JENSEN, OF BOSTON, MASSAOHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 126,707, dated May 14, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CONRAD JENSEN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a plan of the under side of the same. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the side of the plane opposite to that shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical section on the line z z of Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of one portion of the plane detached and inverted. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the other portion inverted. Fig. 9 is a plan of the under side of the portion of the plane shown in Fig. 8, with the gauge removed.

In “matching” boards of varying thicknesses it is customary to employ a “plow” plane for cutting the grooves, the plane being made adjustable, so as to insure the groove being in the required position, different irons being used for grooves of different widths. To cut tenons corresponding thereto has, however, heretofore necessitated the employment of a number of separate tools (one for each size of tenon) which were expensive, and required much time and care to keep in order. My invention has for its object to overcome these objections; and consists in a combination plane formed of two portions, each provided with an iron, and made adjustable to and from the other, by which construction tenons of various widths and depths may be cut in any desired position with one and the same tool, which can also be used as a “dado” plane; the two portions, (which are provided with suitable gauges and cutters,) when separated furnishing a “dado” plane, two “rabbet” planes, and a “lillister” plane.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand and use my invention I will proceed to describe the manner in which I have carried it out.

In the said drawing, A B represent the two portions of my improved plane, connected together by screws C provided with nuts. Each of the portions A B is provided with an iron, a, set at an angle, a vertical cutter, b, in front thereof, and a sliding gauge, c, on one side, operated by a thumb-screw, d. D is a longitudinal gauge, provided with slots e, and secured by screws f to the under side of the portion A. The screws C are each provided with two nuts, g g, one on each side ofthe plane, and also with two nuts, h h, between the two portions A B, and ntting into recesses i i, formed therein, in order that the two portions may be brought nearly together; and it is by means of these nuts and screws that the portions A B are held firmly in position at any required distance from each other. The portion A is provided with a handle, K, by which the plane is operated. When it is desired to cut a tenon at a given distance from the edge of a board, the gauge D is set at a corresponding distance from the inner edge l of the portion A. The distance apart of the portions A and B is now made to correspond to the required width of the tenon by operating the nuts g h, and the gauges c are then adjusted to make the distance from their under side to the bottom of the portions A B equal to the required height of the tenon. It will thus be seen that I am enabled by a single plane to make a tenon of any required width and depth on a board or plank of any thickness, and situated at any required distance from its edge; whereas, it has heretofore required a diiferent tool for every different size of tenon, which was necessarily in the center of the thickness of the board.

My improved plane may also be used as a “dado” plane, to cut a groove at any required distance, within the limits of the length of the screws C, from the edge of a board, by entirely covering the iron a of the portion A with the gauge D, and adjusting the portion B at the required distance from the portion A, when the plane may be operated, as seen in Fig. 6, the gauge D resting against the edge of the board, and serving as a guide, and also preventing the iron a of the portion A from cutting. The depth of the groove thus cut by the iron a of the portion B is regulated by its gauge c, and its double cutter b acts in advance of the iron a in the usual manner.

When a groove is to be cut beyond the limits of the screws C the portion B is separated from the portion A and used alone, in which case it becomes an ordinary “dado” plane, and requires to be moved against a guide-strip, temporarily secured to the board, to give the required direction to the groove.

By removing the double cutter b and gauge c from the portion B, when detached, it becomes an ordinary narrow “rabbet” plane, which is a great advantage, as it has heretofore been impossible to convert a “dado” plane into a “rabbet” plane, on account of the shoulder on its under side.

When the portion B is detached, the portion A with its gauge D becomes a “fillister” plane, and by removing the gauges C D from the portion A it becomes a broad “rabbet” plane, a change which it has heretofore been impossible to make, for the reason that the iron in an ordinary “Fillister” plane extends only part way across its under surface, which prevents it from being used as a “rabbet” plane.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I combine in a single tool a tenon-cutter for cutting tenons of all sizes in every desired position, a “dado” plane, a “fillister” plane, and two “rabbet” planes, of different widths, while but two irons are used, which do not require to be changed in performing the various operations above referred to, and I am thus enabled to effect a great saving in tools and in the space required for the same, as well as in the labor of grinding, and care required to keep them in order.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

I claim the tool as described, as a new article of manufacture.

Witness my hand this 5th day of March, A.D. 1872.

CONRAD JENSEN.

In presence of —
P. E. TESCHHMACHER,
W. J. CAMBRIDGE.

No. 122,339 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Charles E. Torrance) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”190″]122339

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES E. TORRANCE, OF HOLYOKE, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 122,339, dated January 2, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

I, CHARLES E. TORRANCE, of Holyoke, Hampden county, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Nature and Objects of the Invention.

My invention relates to the combination, with the bed piece and cutters of a metal plane, of two spurs or projections proceeding from the inner sides of the bed piece in front of the cap piece of the plane-iron, for the purpose of acting as a fulcrum; of a surface inclining from the rear side of the plane-iron within the bed piece tor the purpose of acting as a bearing for a wedge; and of a wedge extending across the plane-iron, also within the bed piece, and for the purpose of being inserted between the inclined surface behind the plane-iron and the plane-iron itself, to enable the size ofthe shaving to be regulated by the adjustment of the plane and cap-irons within the mouth of the plane; the object of my invention being to enable the construction of metal planes to be so simplified that when the bed piece is cast the addition of a wooden wedge is all that is needed to enable the cutters, when inserted, to be quickly and firmly adjusted to any bite.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a side sectional view; Fig. II, a vertical cross-section on the line x y; and Fig. III, a view of the wedge.

General Description.

D is the bed piece, cast in one piece with the projections A A opposite each other at points upon the inner sides of the bed piece, so that the cap-iron J bears against them near the upper end of its curve, and when the pressure needed for the most advantageous working of the plane-iron H can be obtained by the insertion or withdrawal of the wedge B. Cast also upon the bed piece are the surfaces C C, raised from the inner sides, as shown in Fig. I, and extending sufficiently far to enable the wedge to be accessible for adjustment. The sides of these upon which the wedge B slides are deflected from the inner side of the plane-iron to assist the action of the wedge. The stock in the base of the bed piece is made thicker on the inner face of the mouth to form the bearing b, which rises in contact with the inner surface of the plane-iron to hold the same when the cap-iron is compressed by the insertion of the wedge, and the point of contact between the bearing b and plane-iron H being below the projections A A the insertion of the wedge acts to compress the toes of the two irons H and J, and vary their points of contact, while both are securely braced against all possibility of buckling or rising from their bed. The wedge B, which I prefer to make of wood, as being lighter than metal and less apt to slip or slide upon a metal surface, is formed as shown in Fig. III, so as to, for convenience, constitute two wedges connected by a handle easily grasped.

There is nothing new in my plane in either the cutters, handle, or the knob; but by my improvements the cost of manufacture is reduced more than one-half, and a simple and effective tool is made that cannot get out of order, and having for its only detachable parts the wedge and the irons.

New having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

Claim.

In combination with the irons J and H, and cast-iron bed-plate D with its bearing surfaces c c and b, the projections A A cast upon the bed-plate and wedge B, the parts being constructed and arranged as shown and described.

CHARLES E. TORRANCE.

Witnesses:
R. F. HYDE,
E. N. SMITH.

No. 124,435 – Improvement In Spoke-Shaves (Jacob Groben) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”192″]124435

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JACOB GROBEN, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND
SAMUEL D. SIKES, OF SAME PLACE.

EMPROVEMENT IN SPOKE-SHAVES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 124,435, dated March 12, 1872.

_________________

Specification describing certain Improvements in “Spoke-Shaves,” invented by JACOB GROBEN, of Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York.

Nature of the Invention.

This invention relates to certain improvements in spoke-shaves, and it consists of the combination of certain parts as will hereinafter be set forth.

General Description.

In the drawing, Figure 1 is a back elevation. Fig. 2 is a bottom-plan view. Fig. 3 is a cross-section.

A represents the stock, B the cutter or knife, and C the face-guide. The knife is of a rectangular form, without lugs or ears to hold it; but has, instead, slanting edges, which are chamfered off, and which fit in metal sockets a a’, having slanting-grooves b b’, into which these edges set. These goooves are set slanting toward the front, to prevent the knife from slipping out, but more particularly to allow the knife to be set forward whenever the edge becomes worn or ground down, so that the space between the knife and guide may be kept always at the right adjustment. In order to hold the knife in position after it is set forward, I provide one or both of the sockets a a’ with a slot, c, through which a set-screw passes, by which the sockets can be set a little forward, as may become necessary, to keep the knife in proper place. On the under side of the sockets I form lugs e e, which fasten into the wooden stock by the pressure of the screw. The face-guide C, which graduates the cutting, works up and down in the grooves d d’, formed in the side of the stock A. It is held at any height by means of a single screw, E. By these simple devices the throat can be set at any size, and down to the very smallest space, so that cross-grained stuff can be worked just as well as straight stuff, and prevents the knife “eating ” into the wood.

This device of mine makes a very simple but very durable spoke-shave, only being required that the knife should be renewed occasionally to last a long time. It will adjust to a curved as well as a straight-cutter, and will be excellent for sweep-work.

Claim.

The slotted plates a a’, formed with the lugs e, and inclined grooves b b’, in combination with the knife B, and with the movable face guide-plate C, and its adjusting-screw E, all constructed and operating as set forth.

ln witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JACOB GROBEN.

Witnesses:
J. R. DRAKE,
C. N. WOODWARD.

No. 122,609 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Henry A. Holt) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”191″]122609

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY A. HOLT, OF WILTON, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 122,609, dated January 9, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY A. HOLT, of Wilton, in the county of Hillsborough and State of New Hampshire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 represents a central longitudinal section of an ordinary bench~plane containing my improvement. Figs.2 and 3 represent the improvement detached from the plane. Fig. 4 represents, also, a section of a plane and certain modifications of my invention.

This invention relates to certain improvements in the bench-planes used by carpenters and other wood workers, whereby the face of the plane is slightly elevated above the material being planed, to prevent dragging the iron and dulling its cutting-edge when drawing the plane backward.

This invention consists of a spring, actuated and yielding disk or plate g, applied to the face of the plane and projecting a little beyond its surface and actuated by a spring, f to press the disk outward and hold the face of the plane a little above the surface of the material being reduced. The apparatus may be applied either back of the iron or forward ofthe iron, as shown in the drawing.

In the said drawing, A represents the plane-stock or wood provided with the usual plane-bit B and a wedge, C, or other device for holding the bit or plane-iron. At any convenient distance, either forward or back of the cutting-edge of the bit, a metal flange, b, is inserted in the face of the plane, either on a line with its face surface or a little beyond it, as shown, and this flange b is fastened to the plane-stock generally by screws. The flange b has a central opening, and above this is a bail or brace, d, rising from the flange. The disk or plate g is applied within the flange b, fitting loosely in the aperture. A stem or spindle, n, rises above the plate, and its upper end is furnished with a nut, e, or other equivalent means for adjusting the plate, between which and the under side ofthe bail or stirrup d I apply a spring, f, which may be adjusted or regulated to produce the desired downward pressure upon the disk, and keep it beyond the face of the plane, the face of the disk being somewhat rounded to prevent its edge catching in the wood. Instead of applying the adjusting nut e at the top of the stem this nut may be applied near the roots of the stem above the plate g’, and the spring f applied between the top of the nut and the under side of the stirrup; but in this case the stirrup should be contracted or the sides brought nearer together above the plate, so as to hold the nut when turning the disk to adjust its surface to and beyond the face of the plane. In Figs. 1 and 3 I have shown a disk having a rim-ratchet, S, and arms it for adjusting the plate.

The above-named parts may be employed or dispensed with. They are useful at times, but as at present advised they are not a necessity.

Instead of the parts previously described the flange b may be constructed in a more elongated form, and the disk or plate pressed downward by a flat spring, f1, engaging with the stem of the disk, or by a coiled stirrup-spring, ff2, as shown in Fig. 4, the disk being provided on its upper side with projecting lugs a or a flange to prevent its being pressed too far beyond the surface of the plane.

It will be observed that the flange b is adjustable to the face of the plane or beyond it by rubber washers, k, applied between the flange and the plane wood, and generally around the holding-screws, which confine the flange to the plane-stock, and these elastic washers provide for the easy and quick adjustment of the flange whenever desired, while the disk or plate g is as easily adjusted by turning it any part or the whole of a revolution with a screw-driver inserted in a nick, c’, in the face thereof.

I claim as my invention —

1. The combination of the yielding disk or plate g and its actuating spring L arranged upon a flange, b, or other support, the spring operating to press the disk outward and hold the face ofthe plane above the surface of the material, in the manner and for the purpose specified.

2. The elastic washers it and adjusting-screws in combination with and making the flange b adjustable to the face of the plane, in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

HENRY A. HOLT.

Witnesses:
WM. EMERSON,
C. P. EMERSON.

No. 126,519 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Orril R. Chaplin) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”193″]126519

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ORRIL R. CHAPLIN, OF BOSTON, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND CHARLES H.
BALLARD, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 126,519, dated May 7, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

I, ORRIL R. CHAPLIN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Joiners’ and Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, is a specification:

Nature anal Objects of the Invention.

My invention relates, in the first place, to the means employed to secure the cutter to the stock and to adjust the same when so secured, and is more particularly applicable to planes the stocks of which are made wholly or in part of metal; and it consists in the employment of a saddle or rest-plate which forms the bearing for the upper portion of the cutter, and to which it is secured by the clamping device, said saddle being secured to the plane-stock by a single screw passing through a slot in the saddle and so adjusted that the saddle may be moved endwise to adjust the “tooth” of the cutter, as will be described. It also consists in the use of a screw cam-lever, the thread of which works in a half-nut formed upon or secured to the under side of the saddle or cutter for the purpose of adjusting the cutter to give the desired “tooth” to the same. It also consists in the use of a clamping-plate provided with a lug on either side thereof projecting downward, each terminating with a hook at its lower end, which engages with the under side of the saddle and acts as a fulcrum for the clamping-plate when the screw in its upper end is operated to bind the cutter, saddle, and clamping-plate together.

My invention relates, in the second place, to the construction of the cutter and cap; and it consists in the use, as a substitute tor the ordinary cap now in general use on all plane-irons or cutters for dressing hard wood or cross-grained stock, of a short plate of metal secured loosely by its middle to the lower end of the clamping-plate by two or more rivets, said plate being so formed that it can only bear upon the cutter at its upper and lower edges, and the clamping-plate being so formed that it can bear upon said plate at or near its middle only in a line across its width, said plate being so secured to the clamp that it is susceptible of a slight rocking motion, so that it may accommodate itself to the surface of the cutter. By the use of this combined clamp-plate and cap, the lower edge of which is of the proper form and adjusted to the proper point to serve all the purposes of the common cap of a double plane-iron or cutter, I am enabled to use a plain cutter-iron without slots or holes of any kind, thus reducing the cost of the cutter, and also the weight of the plane.

My invention relates, in the third place, to the means employed to reduce the adhesion of the plane-stock to the material being dressed; and it consists in perforating the race of the plane-stock with a series of holes, thereby reducing the area of the stock exposed to atmospheric pressure.

Description of the Drawing.

Figure 1 is a plan of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a side elevation; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section on line x x on Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a section on line z z on Fig. 2, looking toward the throat otf the plane. Figs. 5 and 6 are details of the saddle, and Fig. 7 is a plan of the cutter.

General Description

A is the plane-stock made of metal; B, the handle; and C, a knob on the forward end upon which to rest the left hand while operating it. The handle B and knob C are secured to the metallic stock by means of the screw-bolts a and b, respectively. Upon the upper side of the stock, just in the rear of the throat c, is cast a boss, D, sloping backward toward the handle at about the same angle that it is desirable to give to the cutter, to the upper side of which is secured the saddle E by the screw d passing through the slot e without bringing the head to bear upon the saddle so as to bind it to the stock. The saddle E is provided with a shoulder, e’, on either side, against which the lugs on the clamp, to be described, strike to determine the position of the clamp in an obvious manner. F is the cutter made of the form shown in Fig. 7, the upper or rear portion being made narrower than the cutting end to facilitate the application and removal of the clamp, and also to allow play for adjusting the cutting-edge square with the face of the stock at the throat if the cutter should not be ground perfectly square. G is the clamp, provided at about the middle of its length with two lugs, f f, (one on either side,) projecting downward and terminating in hooks f’ f” upon their inner faces, as shown in Fig. 4. The clamp G is also provided at its upper-end with a thumb-screw, H, by which it is secured in place, as will be presently explained. To the under side of the lower end of the clamp is riveted loosely the plate g, the lower end of the clamp being so formed as to rest upon the plate near its middle without touching at any other point, and the plate g being so fitted that it is susceptible of a slight rocking motion. This plate serves the purpose of the ordinary cap upon a double plane-iron or cutter, the clamp and this plate combined serving the double purpose of clamp and cap with less cost to manufacture, less trouble to adjust and less weight to handle than by the use of the old style double-iron. To the upper or rear end of the boss D is pivoted the lever I by means of the pin h. The hub of the lever I is partially surrounded by the segments of screw-threads s s, which work in the half-nut i upon the under side of the saddle E, and by a movement of the lever I to the right the cutter is forced outward, and if the lever be moved to the left the cutter will be drawn in in an obvious manner. The face of the plane-stock is perforated with a series of holes, as seen at n n n in Fig. 3, for the purpose of reducing the area exposed to the pressure of the atmosphere.

It has been a serious objection to metallic plane-stocks as heretofore constructed that, owing to the more nearly perfect surfaces of their faces, the pressure of the atmosphere upon their upper surfaces, when working upon stock planed to nearly the same level surface, causes an adhesion of the plane to the wood, which materially increases the labor of operating it, especially when using a jointer or large plane. This difliculty is not so serious with wooden plane-stocks, for the simple reason that they are seldom so true but that more or less air is between the plane-stock and the material being worked. By perforating the face of the plane the pressure is reduced just in proportion to the area removed by the perforations without injuring the face of the plane for any practical purpose.

The operation of my improvement is as follows: The saddle E is secured to the stock, as shown, by means of the screw d, the under side of the head being at such a point that when the saddle is brought to bear against it the top of the saddle shall be slightly below the inclined surface in the stock of the plane just in the rear of the throat, so as to insure a good bearing of the cutter at its extreme lower end to prevent. it from chattering. The lever I is then moved to the left, the cutter placed in position on the saddle, and the combined clamp and cap is slipped down over the cutter and saddle till the lugs f f come in contact with the shoulders e’ e’ upon the saddle. The plane is then taken in the left hand, with the thumb pressing upon the clamp to hold it in position, and the edge of the cutter is adjusted to the cap, when the thumb-screw H is operated, which forces the cutter down upon the upper end of the saddle, and, forcing the half-nut upon its under side down upon the screw-cam on the hub of the lever I and acting upon that as a fulcrum, lifts the lower end of the saddle hard against the head of the screw d, thus holding the saddle rigidly in its place, and as the lower end of the saddle is still slightly below the incline upon which the lower end of the cutter rests, the clamp, acting upon the hooks f’ f’ as a fulcrum, forces the lower end of the cutter firmly onto its seat.

To adjust the “tooth” of the cutter to take a thick chip, move the lever I to the right hand, and to take a thin chip move it to the left hand.

Having thus described my invention, I do not claim anything contained in the patent No. 64,790, granted to Nelson Palmer, May 14, 1867, for “Bench-Plane;” but

What I claim as new, and desire to secure hy Letters Patent of the United States, is as follows:

1. In combination with the saddle E, provided with the slot e and the half-nut i, and secured to the plane-stock by the screw d, I claim the cam-lever I, constructed and operating substantially as described.

2. The clamp G, provided with the lugs f fand hooks f’ f’, in combination with the saddle E, having the shoulders e’ e’ thereon, for determining the position of the clamp, substantially as described.

3. I do not claim broadly a cap-plate attached to the clamp instead of the bit or cutter, for I am aware that that has been done before; but I claim the cap-plate g, made of the form shown and secured by its middle to the clamp G, by being loosely riveted thereto in such a manner that it may be free to accommodate itself to the surface of the cutter upon which it bears at its upper and lower edges, substantially as described.

4. The combination and arrangement of the screw cam-lever I, the saddle E, the cutter F, the clamp G, and the cap-plate g, all constructed, applied, and operated substantially as herein described.

Executed at Boston this 14th day of February, 1871.

ORRIL R. CHAPLIN.

Witnesses:
CHARLES H. BALLARD,
N. C. LOMBARD.

No. 131,367 – Improvement In Carpenters Plows (Charles G. Miller) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”55″]131367

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES G. MILLER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLOWS

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 131,367, dated September 17, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES G. MILLER, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Plows, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of that side in which the cutting-“iron” is held. Fig. 2 is a side elevation from the opposite side. Fig. 3 is a plan view. Fig. 4 is a view of the under side of the cutting-“iron” Fig. 5 is a central vertical section ofthe handle through the dotted line x x.

The letter a indicates the main body of the plow, cast of metal, in one piece, with ornamental designs thereupon ; b, the guide at the left side of the plow, also cast in one piece. The letters c c’ indicate rods, which are screwed into the side of the main body a, and thereby made detachable therefrom at pleasure, so that the plow can be taken apart and packed into a small compass when not in use. This is believed to be a new feature and an improvement. The guide b slides upon these rods, being set at any desired point by means of the set-screws b1 b2, which are placed underneath the rods, and thus out of the way of the left hand of the operator. The placing of these screws in this position is also believed to be new. A knob, b3, pierced for the introduction of the rod c, projects from the left side of the guide b, thus affording a support for the left hand of the operator. This also is believed to be new. The cutting-chisel d, commonly called the “iron,” is secured in its place when in use by means of the balanced clamp e, embracing the body a, pivoted at e’, and operated by means of the cam f, which has an adjusting-screw, f1, by means of which the clamp can be made to pinch the “iron” with as much or as little force as desired. The application of such a clamp to this purpose and in this manner is believed to be new. To the end of this clamp is attached a shaving-guide, f2, not greatly unlike, in shape, the mold-board of a farmer’s plow, which avails to turn the shavings to the right and away from the plow as the chisel produces them from the wood. This combination of a shaving-guide with the clamp is believed to be new. The “iron” d is roughened on the under surface, at its base end, for the purpose of taking hold upon the seat h, upon which it rests. The iron also has a lengthwise groove, d’, which fits upon the edge a1, and thus keeps the iron from any sidewise motion. The base end of the iron rests upon the seat h, but it does not touch the edge a1 till it comes down where the star is, thus allowing the clamp to spring it firnily down into place, and insuring that the cutting-point of the “iron” shall set firmly upon the edge a1 at its lower end, thus obviating any clatter of the “iron.” This arrangenient and construction is believed to be new. Near the front end of the main body at is a gage to determine the depth of the cut of the “iron,” consisting of the fiat metal foot i, attached to the round pillar i1, set at any desired point by the set-screw i2.

The handle s is fastened to the main body a in a peculiar manner. This handle is of wood, slotted on its under side down to the line s’, the width of the slot being just the thickness of the rib a2, which rib is pierced with holes a3. Before the handle is put on, these holes a3 are filled with saw-dust and glue mixed, or with pieces of wood having glue upon them,and when the handle is put on the glue sets and thus fastens the handle on. This is also believed to be new.

I claim as my invention —

1. The combination of the cast-metal body a, the cast-metal guide b, and the rods c c’
screwed into the body a so as to be detachable, for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of the cast-metal body a, the rods c c’, and the guide b having the set-screws for the said rods under the rods, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of the main body a, rod c, guide b, and knob b3 attached to the guide and pierced for the entrance of the rod, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

4. The balanced clamp e pivoted to the main body a, and operated by means of the cam f, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

5. In combination with the balanced clamp e, the shaving-guide f2 attached thereto, substantially as described.

6. The combination of the chisel or iron, roughened and grooved as described, with the main body as, having an edge, a1, so formed that the “iron” will only touch the body at two points, viz., the seat h and the lower part of the edge a1, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

7. The construction and method shown for attaching the handle s to the main body.

CHARLES G. MILLER.

Witnesses:
WM. E. SIMONDS,
GEORGE G. SILL.