Tag: 1885

No. 311,136 – Bench-Plane (Charles L. Mead) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”523″]311136

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES L. MEAD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part forming part of Letters Patent No. 311,136 , dated January 20, 1885.
Application filed June 16, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES L. MEAD, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes; and the object of my invention is to produce a simple and efficient mechanism for adjusting the cutting-edge of the bit to square it with the stock. I attain this object by the simple construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved bench-plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view, partly in elevation, on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional partial view on line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detached view showing the under side of the frog.

It is often difficult to grind the cutting-edge of a plane-bit exactly square, and consequently when set in place it does not stand square with the stock. In such cases the bits have been adjusted by rapping them edgewise from side to side with a hammer. A prior patent shows a mechanisrn for adjusting the bit edgewise to bring its end square with the stock, in which the under side of
the bit was slotted at its lower end and the bit was pivoted by the cap-screw. Such an adjusting mechanism is hereby disclaimed.

Aside from the addition of the adjusting-screw a, traveling block b, and the necessary modifications for securing them in place, my improved plane is the same as ordinary bench-planes. The particular plane I have taken for illustration is known to the art as “Bailey’s Patent Plane.” I provide the frog or seat A with lugs c c, which lugs are provided with smooth-bored holes at points a’ a’, into which I insert the adjusting-screw a, said holes forming bearings for the ends of the adjusting-screw. Upon the adjusting-screw a, I have placed the nuts d d, which nuts will allow the adjusting-screw a to rotate freely upon its axis, but will not allow the adjusting-screw to move longitudinally. Upon the adjusting-screw a, I have arranged a traveling block, b, said block being provided with a threaded hole, which receives the adjusting-screw a. I have provided the traveling block b with an upwardly-extending projection, f, whose height is about equal to the thickness of the cutter which engages with the ordinary slot, g, of the plane bit or cutter. The traveling block moves longitudinally in a slot formed in the frog. The bit or cutter and cap-iron of the plane are set in their places upon the frog or plane-seat in the ordinary manner, care being taken to have the engaging projection f of the traveling block b project upward into the ordinary longitudinal slot of the bit. The holding-cap B is then put into its proper place and clamps the bit and cap-iron firmly against the frog or plane-seat, said holding cap pressing then at each end. The point of pressure at the lower end of the cap is the point where the bit will pivot when its upper end is moved edgewise. When the parts are thus assembled in place ready for use, in order to adjust the bit edgewise to bring its edge square with the stock, it is only necessary to turn the adjusting-screw a, one way or the other, as the case may be, which readily adjusts the bit or cutter laterally and brings its edge square with the stock, as shown.

I am aware that a prior patent for bench-planes shows a mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bits endwise, which consists of a screw and a transverse slide having an oblique slot, which receives a projection from the under side of a second slide for carrying the plane-irons up and down, and the same is hereby disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

In a bench-plane, the herein-deseribed mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bit laterally, consisting of the adjusting-screw a, the traveling block b, having the upwardly-extending projection f for taking into the longitudinal slot of the cutting-bit, said screw and block located at the upper end of the frog, and operating to adjust the cutting-bit laterally by the direct action of the block against the side walls of the slot in said bit at its upper end, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

CHARLES L. MEAD.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
H. C. HINE.

No. 310,473 – Bench-Plane (William Steers) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”382″]310473

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM STEERS, OF BRATTLEBOROUGH, VERMONT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 310,473, dated January 6, 1885.
Application filed October 27, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM STEERS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brattleborongh, in the county of Windham and State of Vermont, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, which will be hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out in the claim.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure I is a longitudinal vertical section of the plane. Fig. 2 is a face or front view of the regulating-wheel and eccentric link. Fig. 3 is a face view of the back-iron.

A is the cap or holder.

A’ is a tightening-screw.

a is a lug or pin projecting from the inner side of the plane-stock on each side to support the tightener or cap A which is common to most metal planes.

B is the back-iron, which is held and adjusted to the knife by a screw, b.

In B is a hole, b’, for a pin, c, of an eccentric link, C, which is long enough to pass through the knife or plane~bit and into the hole b’ in the back-iron B.

In the upper end of the eccentric link C is a hole, c’, which fits over the pin d on the face of wheel D.

E is a support in which the adjusting-wheel D is centered. This support E is secured to the flange E’ of the frame of the plane-stock F by a screw, e.

G is the plane bit or knife, adjusted on its proper bed like all other bits or knives.

Operation: When the plane bit or knife G has been properly set, with the back-iron B secured by the set–screw b, as is usual, it is placed in the stock F. The tightener A is then put in and secured by the screw A’. The pin c on the lower end of the eccentric link C enters the hole b’ in the back-iron B. The hole c’ in the upper end of C is fixed over pin d in the face of wheel D. When the plane bit or knife G is to be set fine or coarse, by slightly loosening the screw A’, and with the thumb and fingers turning wheel D to right or left, the eccentric link C will move the knife up or down, as may be required, and by tightening screw A’ the knife is secured to the proper adjustment.

The peculiar feature of this invention is the substitution of the eccentric link C, connected directly by a crank-pin with the regulating or adjusting wheel D itself at one end, and at the other end connected by a pin with the plane-iron cap through the slot in the plane iron or knife, for the usual complicated devices for moving the knife, thus materially reducing the cost of this class of planes.

I am aware that the plane-irons of planes have been adjusted by means of adjusting wheels and connecting parts from it to the plane-iron, and I do not claim, broadly, such arrangements; but

What I do claim is —

In metallic planes, the adjusting crank-wheel D, the link C, attached at one end immediately to the crank-wheel by a wrist-pin, having at its other end a pin which passes through a slot in the plane iron or knife into the back-iron, in combination with the plane iron or knife and back-iron, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I hereto affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM STEERS.

Witnesses:
J. G. EDDY,
CLARENCE F. R. JENNE.

No. 310,349 – Chamfering-Plane (Richard Vanwike Wicks) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”381″]310349

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

RICHARD VANWIKE WICKS, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

CHAMFERING-PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 310,349, dated January 6, 1885.
Application filed April 29, 1884. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD VANWIKE WICKS, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in Chamfering and other Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention has for its object the production of a plane to be used by carpenters and others for making “stop” chamfers, rule-joint and other moldings — that is, chamfers or moldings which are required to stop short of the whole length of the work or piece of wood to be dressed — as, for instance, when required to form a square base on the end of a frame or other piece of timber. To do this kind of stop-work, planes of special construction for cutting stop-chamfers have before been designed and used; but they essentially differ from the plane hereinafter described, and it generally has been and still is customary to cut away with the chisel the wood at a distance from where the chamfer or molding is required to be stopped, and then to work an ordinary chamfering or molding plane up to such cut portion, and afterward to dress or finish with the chisel, sandpaper, or otherwise. This is not only tedious, but expensive, on account of the labor involved, especially where a large amount of such work has to be done. My improved plane effectually accomplishes the work, without any such chiseling or cutting away, by the simple or direct act of running or passing the plane over the work. The invention coniprises a peculiarly-constructed stock having an enlarged oblique opening down through it for the introduction of a guide corresponding with the shape of the chamfer or molding, and the cutter also having a longitudinal groove in its base corresponding in transverse section with the angular edge of the wood before the chamfering or molding guide and cutter are passed over it, and which groove is of a depth in rear of the cutter to receive the part not designed to be dressed by the cutter up within it. It likewise comprises various details of construction for separately adjusting the guide and cutter, for clamping or holding and releasing the knife or cutter, and for otherwise providing for the general and special action ofthe tool, substantially as hereinafter described.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section on the line x x in Fig. 2 of a plane embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same; Fig. 3, a transverse section on the line y y in Fig. 1, looking in direction of the arrow in; Fig. 4, a section on the irregular line z z in Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 a section on the line in 2: in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a face view of a knife or cutter for making a stop rule-joint form of molding instead of a plain or flat chamfer, as provided for by the cutter and guide shown more particularly in Figs. 1 and 3; Fig. 7, a face view of a guide-plate adapted to the rule-joint cutter, and Fig. 8 a longitudinal view of a piece of rule-joint work as produced by the use in the tool of the cutter and guide shown in Figs. 6 and 7.

A indicates the stock of the plane, made either of iron or wood, but preferably metal, with an enlarged oblique opening, b, up through it, inclining forwardly in a downward direction. The base of said stock is constructed to form or leave an enlarged angular (preferably right-angular) recess or groove, c, centrally up within it throughout its length, the same corresponding in transverse section with the angular adjacent longitudinal marginal portions of the piece of wood to be chamfered or molded before said portions are so reduced or fashioned.

B is a guide or shoe adjustable up and down within the oblique opening b in the stock, and which may be directed in its movement by correspondingly inclined or oblique ribs d d, working in grooves e e in the side walls of the opening b. The lower face of this guide or shoe is flat or straight and parallel with the lower side margins of the stock, and is dovetailed, as at f f, to receive within and along it a face piece or plate, g, shaped on its under surface to accord with the configuration of the chamfer or rnolding to be made. In Figs. 1 and 3 it is represented as flat on its face, and the knife or cutter C, which is arranged in the rear of it, is straight on its cutting-edge to correspond, for the purpose of making a flat or plain stop-chamfer on the adjacent marginal longitudinal portions of the piece of wood to be worked, while in Figs. 6 and 7 the under surface of the face-piece g and the acting edge of the cutter C are shaped to produce a stop rule-joint molding, h, (see Fig. 8,) on the wood D to be worked. Other shaped moldings will require different guiding face plates or pieces and cutters. When attached, the face-piece g becomes a portion of the guide B, and it may be held from moving by a set-screw, i. By making it removable, however, as likewise the cutter, which is also carried by said guide, the same guide or shoe B may be used in connection with different face pieces or plates and cutters, according to the shape of molding required. The knife or cutter C is passed down within the guide B against its inclined back, which should be cut away below, as at k, so as not to interfere with or project down into the longitudinal groove b in the bottom of the stock. The cutting edge of the knife, when the latter is adjusted for work, projects any desired distance below the under surface of the guiding-plate g, according to the thickness of the shaving to be made, and stands at some little distance in rear of said face-plate, leaving a sight-aperture and shaving-clearance, l, between said plate and cutter. The whole guide or shoe B is adjusted up or down, according to the width of the chamfer or molding to be made, by means of a screw, E, fitted to turn within and through a box-like projection, m, on the back of the guide; but it has no longitudinal movement therethrough, being restrained by cross-pins n n or otherwise, and it screws at its lower end portion within or through the part r of the stock, and may be steadied below by a side set-screw, s, Fig. 5. The upper end of said screw is fitted with a knob or head, a’, which bears down on a knob or head, b’, of a second screw, G, made hollow and receiving the shank of the screw E through it. This second screw, G, works through a nut, c’, which has connected with it, by side pin or pins and slot or slots, s’, a yoke, d’, pivoted, as e’, to the box-like projection m on the guide B, and fitting at its outer end in any one of a series of holes, f’, in the cutter, whereby on turning the screw G by its head b’ the cutter maybe raised or lowered to especiaily adjust its amount of cut. Its general adjustment, as wear may require, is provided for by changing the fit of the yoke d’ from one of the holes f’ to another. The concentric arrangement of the two screws E and G the one within and through the other is very compact and convenient for separately adjusting the guide or slice B and the cutter C, carried by said guide. The cutter C is held to its place on the back of the guide B and in engagement with the adjusting device or yoke d’ with facility for disengagement and removal, when required, by means of a front plate or arm. H, in slotted pivoted side connection at g’ g’ with the guide or shoe B, and a locking arm or eccentric, I, pivoted at h’ on the upper end of said arm, and having its handle h2 arranged to shut down out of the way, said cam bearing, when closed, against a flexible strip or spring, i’, attached at its one end to the arm H and lying at its other end on the cutter. On the front top portion of the stock A is a handle, J, for one hand of the workman to hold, while his other takes hold of the back portion of the plane to guide and work the tool.

In using the plane to make a stop-chamfer or stop rule-joint or other stop molding, the cut is made direct from where the chamfer or molding, as at l’, Fig. 8, stops on the wood, the plane being pressed and held thereon with the sides of its longitudinal base groove c resting on or against the two adjacent longitudinal marginal portions of the piece of wood, and the cutter C, by the manipulation of the plane, made to enter the wood at l’, or where the chamfer or molding is designed to stop, the clearance-aperture l in front of the cutter enabling the operator to see the exact place at which he should start. The plane is then worked forward away from such starting-point, and the operation repeated till the wood has been sufliciently reduced to make the necessary chamfer or molding, the operator always starting from the same place and pressing down on the plane, which receives within the angular groove c of its base, in rear of the cutter, the correspondingly-shaped base or stopped part of the work, which groove provides for the starting of the chamfering or molding at any point in the length of the strip or piece of wood, and for making a stop charnfer or molding without any chiseling or other cutting than that done by the plane in making the chamfer or molding.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with the stock A, having an oblique opening, b, up through it, and a longitudinal angular recess or groove, c, in its base, shaped to conform to the adjacent longitudinal marginal portions of the wood to be worked, of the guide and cutter-holder B, having a lower face-piece made to conform to the shape of the chamfer or molding to be produced, and adjustable along with the cutter, of like shape on its cutting-edge, down through said oblique opening and into the longitudinal angular groove c, which it crosses, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

2. The removable guiding face piece or plate f, in combination with the adjustable guide or shoe B and the separately-adjustable cutter C, carried by said guide or shoe, essentially as shown and described.

3. The screws E and G, arranged to pass longitudinally one through the other, in combination with the stock A, the guide or shoe B, and the cutter C, for separate and collective adjustment of said guide or shoe and cutter, substantially as specified.

RICHARD VANWIKE WICKS.

Witnesses:
A. GREGORY,
C. SEDGWICK.

No. 310,163 – Plane (William F. Achenbach) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”380″]310163

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH, OF READING, PENNSYLVANIA.

PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 310,163, dated January 6, 1885.
Application filed September 15, 1884. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Reading, county of Berks, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This improvement relates more particularly to carpenters’ bench-planes.

The object of the invention is to place in the hands of wood-workers, joiners, and others a plane which will dress smoothly cross-grained and knotty woods so finely that subsequent filling and scraping are rendered unnecessary. These results are attained by a very slight yet important alteration of the mode of dressing the face of planes, as will be explained further on.

Figure 1 is a perspective elevation of a smoothing-plane having my improvement attached thereto. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section showing more clearly the improvement. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the face of the plane, showing the improvement. Fig. 4 is a plan and sectional view of the plane-bit preferably used in the plane. In all of which —

A represents the body of the plane; A’, the month of the plane; A2, the throat; B, the wedge; C, the bit; D, the usual cap for a double bit; E, a metal plate sunk in the face of the plane in advance of the mouth-opening; E’, a plate sunk in the face of the plane in the rear of the mouth.

The improvement is applicable to both jack and fore planes, and it will be found advantageous to apply it to the same; but it is particularly adapted to the smoothing-plane for finishing off veneers or any fine work in hard or soft woods. The usual custom is to smooth off as well as is practicable with the plane, then to use the scraper to finish up, supplementing the latter by a wood filling and a rubbing down with pumice-stone. With my improvement in the construction of the plane-face this is unnecessary, as a simple sandpapering after the plane leaves the work ready for varnishing.

The result of the improvement is that much more work can be done in a given time, and when done is of a superior character to all work hitherto produced by the use of the plane alone.

The construction of the plane is as follows, the description applying more particularly to a smoothing-plane, as shown: It will be seen that the elevation, as in Fig. 1, makes no disclosure of any change in the construction of the plane. The longitudinal section and the plan, Figs. 2 and 3, show metallic plates inserted permanently in the face of the plane. The plates are about one-half inch wide, and about one-fourth of an inch short of the width of the plane at the point of insertion, leaving, when inserted, about one-eighth of an inch of wood standing at each end of the metallic plate. The plates may be about one-eighth of an inch thick, and they are secured in place by countersunk-screws.

The plates having been placed as shown, one, E, with its edge coincident with the front edge of the month of the plane, and the other placed at about one-third of the length of the plane from its rear end, I dress the face of the plane, and metallic plate included, from the mouth-edge of the plate to the fore end of the plane, so that the fore end shall be about one-thirtieth of an inch lower than the mouth-edge of the plate, the face of the plane being reversed upon the bench. The space between the plates E and E’ may be level, but I prefer to have it slightly hollow — say about one sixty-fourth of an inch — and from the rear plate, E’, to the end of the plane I again drop the face, the plane-face being reversed to about one-thirtieth of an inch at the rear end below the level of the plate E’, the straight edge in both cases resting upon the inner edges of the plates E and E’.

For fore or jack planes the same depression of the face from the front and rear plates is maintained, but the space between the front and rear plates is kept at a dead level, and one or more intermediate plates inserted to insure uniformity of wear.

The use of the plates not only serves to maintain certain fixed points upon the face of the plane, but also serves to reduce the friction of the plane in operating the same.

Although an ordinary double-bitted plane-iron may be used in a plane constructed in accordance with my improvement, yet I find a plane-iron of a parallel thickness for the length of the cap to give better results. A parallel bit, as it wears and is thrust forward through the mouth of the plane, causes no change in the distance left between its face and the edge of the plate, while the thrusting forward of the usual tapered thickness bit as it wears away gradually enlarges the opening of the mouth, and will not permit of fine work being done. The plate E at the mouth should be so set relative to the bit C that the space left for the passage of the shavings should limit the thickness of the same to suit the character of work to be performed, and the plate E’ in all cases at about one-third of the length of the plane from its rear end, this plate marking that point upon the plane which I find from practical use to be that which is best adapted to give relief to the user in handling the same, and indicating by its position that portion of the plane-face lying between plates E E’, which is to be retained at or near a dead level, as already described. As the plane-face loses its original form from use, it must be renewed, which I find is best performed by rubbing down with a block of hard wood covered with fine flint sand-paper. For hard-wood veneers, &c., a clearance at front and rear (the straight edge resting upon the inner edges of the plates E E) of about one-thirtieth of an inch will be ample. For soft woods the clearance may be increased to one-twentieth of an inch.

In grinding up and sharpening the bit it should curve very moderately in its width, and should project very slightly above the face of the month-iron E. The slight elevation of the edge of the plate above the fore end of the plane gives the plane-bit a bite upon the wood with the slightest protrusion ofthe same.

In the use of a plane whose face is dressed in accordance with my improvement the operator will find that less exertion is required and more work is performed, from the fact that there is nothing to interfere with the bite of the bit upon the wood, whereas, with the ordinary plane, the face being a dead level from end to end, the bit must be projected beyond the face to a much greater extent to cut down the same depth of surface, and, owing to this greater protrusion of the bit there is more liability to catch and tear away the material when knots or cross grain intervenes, thus leaving the surface in a much rougher condition.

Having described my improvement and shown its construction and use, I desire to secure by Letters Patent the following claims thereon —

1. As an improved article of manufacture, a carpenter’s bench-plane provided with inserted metallic plates suitably secured in the face thereof, one, E, at and forming the fore edge of the mouth of the plane, and one, E’, at about one-third of the length of the plane from the rear end of the same, and dressing the fore and rear faces of the plane from said plates E and E’, as described, in combination with the plane A, wedge B. bit C, and cap D, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In combination with carpenters’ fore, jack, and smoothing planes, having their faces dressed as described, the plates E and E’ with one or more plates intermediate thereto, recessed in said plane-faces, and suitably secured therein, substantially as shown, and for the purpose set forth.

WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH.

Witnesses:
THOMAS P. KINSEY,
F. PIERCE HUMMEL.