Tag: 1895

No. 548,582 – Shavings-Guide For Carpenters’ Planes (Lewis B. McDonald) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”520″]548582

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEWIS B. McDONALD, OF LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS.

SHAVINGS-GUIDE FOR CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 548,582, dated October 22, 1895.
Application filed March 31, 1894. Renewed March 28, 1895. Serial No. 543,596. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEWIS B. McDONALD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Little Rock, in the county of Pulaski and State of Arkansas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shavings-Guides for Carpenters’ Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which forin a part of this specification.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of a perspective view of the guide applied. Fig. 2 is a plan view of same, and Fig. 3 is a front end view of same.

This invention has relation to certain new and useful improvements in shavings-guides for carpenters’ planes; and it consists in the novel construction and combination of parts, all as hereinafter described, and pointed out in the appended claims.

The object of the invention is to provide a carpenter’s plane with a simple and effective device of improved character for throwing the shavings from the plane off the bench.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the letter A designates the stock, B the bit or iron, and C the wedge.

D is the guide, which constitutes the present invention in its combination with the stock in the manner presently described.

This guide consists of a piece of metal bent or arched upwardly over the opening D’ in the stock forward of the wedge, the transverse rear edge a of the metal resting against or in close proximity to the wedge and inclosing with the wedge said opening on three sides. The open side is at the longitudinal front face of the plane, and the guide is inclined downwardly from this side to the opposite side, which causes the chamber formed thereby to gradually increase in height from the back to the front longitudinal edge of the plane. By this arrangement the shavings forced up through the stock into this chamber readily clear themselves and are forced out of the open side of the guide and off the bench.

In some cases, in planes with metal stocks, I may prefer to cast the guide integral with the stock, or it may be a separate piece and be secured thereto by screws or othersuitable means. In the latter case a flange b is formed at the forward edge of the guide to receive the securing-screws, the rear longitudinal edge having, also, a flange c, which is secured to the rear longitudinal face of the stock.

When made separate, the guides will be in different sizes and may be readily applied to any of the ordinary styles of planes having either wooden or metal stocks.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination with a plane stock and the wedge, of a shavings guide therefor, said guide comprising a plate portion attached to the stock and arched or bent over the opening therethrough and inclosing said opening, with the aid of the wedge, upon three sides, substantially as specified.

2. As a new article of manufacture, a shavings guide for carpenters’ planes, said guide comprising a plate portion arched or bent to adapt it to fit over and around the opening in a plane, and against the wedge thereof, and with said wedge inclose it upon three sides, and having danges for its attachment to a plane stock, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I anis my signature in presence of two witnesses.

LEWIS B. MCDONALD.

Witnesses:
JULIUS BRUNDT,
HENRY GRAMLING.

No. 547,924 – Instrument For Planing Or Scraping Out Round Objects (Peter Keltsch And Paul Keltsch) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”519″]547924

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

PETER KELTSCH AND PAUL KELTSCH, OF ERLANGEN, GERMANY.

INSTRUMENT FOR PLANING OR SCRAPING OUT ROUND OBJECTS.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 547,924, dated October 15, 1895.
Application filed February 12, 1895. Serial No. 538,080. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, PETER KELTSCH and PAUL KELTSCH, subjects of the King of Bavaria, and residents of Erlangen, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire, have invented new and useful improvements in instruments adapted for planing or scraping out round objects, as well as for hollowing out or grooving square or rectilinear objects, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an instrument adapted for planing or scraping out round objects, as well as for hollowing out or grooving square or rectilinear objects.

The instrument is particularly adapted for the construction of carriage-poles, shafts, and telegraph and hop poles.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein —

Figure 1 shows the instrument as used for grooving or hollowing out flat objects. Figs. 2 and 3 are transverse sections taken, respectively, on the lines x x and y y of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a part side view of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 shows the instrument as used for round carving, and Fig. 6 is a part side view of same. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of part of the instrument shown in Fig. 5, and Figs. 8 and 9 are representations showing the method of working the instrument when carving cylindrical or prismatic shaped woods.

The instrument consists of a knife a, which possesses a bow-shaped cutting-edge, the knife itself being strengthened at the back by curving it centrally. This bow shape of the knife a can either be concave, as in Fig. 1, for hollowing out flat surfaces, or can be convex, as in Fig. 5, for carving round-shaped surfaces. On the inner side of the back is screwed a disk-shaped block b, which is likewise constructed as a knife, and has a fork-shaped slit d at each end and is secured in its place on the knife a by means of screws e. The gage-plate b stands on the cutting-plate a, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 5. The plate b acts as a gage to limit the depth of the cut, and, is made removable to facilitate the grinding of the blade.

When it is desired to hollow out flat objects, the instrument shown in Fig. 1 must be used, and to carve round objects the instrument shown in Fig. 5 must be used.

Having fully described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

An instrument for carving round or hollowing out flat objects, consisting of a bow-shaped knife, an obliquely rising cutting rest having a concaved top surface, and provided with slots in the base flange whereby the rest is adjusted on the knife, as and for the purpose specified.

In witness whereof we hereunto set our hands in presence of two witnesses.

PETER KELTSCH.
PAUL KELTSCH.

Witnesses:
KONRAD MILLING,
FLANDER BEYER.

No. 547,829 – Handle Attachment For Planes (John H. Williams) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”518″]547829

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN H. WILLIAMS, OF TROY, NEW YORK.

HANDLE ATTACHMENT FOR PLANES.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 547,829, dated October 15, 1895.
Application filed July 31, 1893. Renewed May 25, 1895. Serial No. 550,719. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN H. WILLIAMS, of the city of Troy, county of Rensselaer, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Handle Attachment for Planes,of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a handle attachment for smoothing-planes to enable the latter to be operated when finishing off hard-wood or other floors without compelling the workman to sit or kneel on the floor. Where hard-wood fioors are finished off with smoothing-planes, the latter are operated by the workman when kneeling or sitting upon the floor, positions producing much discomfort; and the object and purpose of my invention are to have a handle that is attachable to or detachable from the plane, by which when connected with the latter it may be operated by persons standing on their feet.

Accompanying this specification, to form a part of it, there is a plate of drawings, containing two figures, illustrating my invention, with the same designation of parts by letter-reference used in both of them.

Of the illustrations, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a smoothing-plane with my handle attachment applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a perspective of the plane and handle attachment with the heel and sole of the plane facing the view.

The several parts of the plane and those containing my invention are designated by letter-reference, and the function of the parts is described as follows:

The letter S designates the stock; B, the bit or iron; W, the wedge holding the iron or bit in the bed b2. The letter T designates the top of the stock, and H its heel, all of which parts are the usual and well-known ones of a smoothing-plane.

The letter I designates the handle- body part, which is made with the handle-socket p2, the heel-piece h2, the bottom b at right angles to the heel-piece, and the upwardly-inclined top A, made with the projecting shoulder h3.

The letter C designates a clamp, which at its upper end tongues into the shoulder h3 and is thereat hinged by means of a hinging-bolt a. This clamp on its inner face is made with a shoulder m and above the latter has its face F parallel to the top A of the handle-body part.

The letter T2 designates a clamping-bolt made to pass downward through the clamp C and the handle-body part below the handle-socket p2, made in the latter, and the lower end of this bolt is threaded and provided with a nut N.

The letter D designates a handle, the lower end of which is adapted to be inserted in the socket p2 for operating the plane.

As thus made, the attachment of handle-body part and plane is made by placing the former with its bottom surface resting on the stock top and its heel-piece bearing against the heel of the stock, with the outer end of the plane iron or bit passing up between the upper part of the clamp and the inclined top A of the body part and with the plane-wedge W between the clamp and the inclined top of the body part below the shoulder h3 of the clamp, with the shoulder resting on said wedge, in which position the bolt T2 is passed down through the clamp and body part and the nut N screwed up onto the lower end of the bolt to bring the clamp and the plane parts, which it and the body part grasp, in close contact and engagement. As thus made, when grasped by the handle the plane may be operated to finish up a floor without the necessity of the workman who uses it getting down onto the floor to move it.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

In a handle attachment for a plane the combination with a body-part made with a heel piece, and constructed with a handle socket and handle; of a clamp hinged to the body-part and adapted to grasp the handle and wedge of the plane and a threaded bolt constructed to secure the parts as connected, substantially in the manner as and for the purposes set forth.

Signed at Troy, New York, this 17th day of September,1892, and in the presence of the two witnesses whose names are hereto written.

JOHN H. WILLIAMS.

Witnesses:
W. E. HAGAN,
CHARLES S. BRINTNALL.

No. 546,321 – Spokeshave (Albert Gumz) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”517″]546321

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALBERT GUMZ, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

SPOKESHAVE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 546,321, dated September 17, 1895.
Application filed January 20, 1894. Serial No. 497,499. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, ALBERT GUMZ, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee, and in the State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Spokeshaves; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to spokeshaves; and it consists in certain peculiarities of construction and combination of parts, as will be fully set forth hereinafter and subsequently claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a top view of the device partly in section. Fig. 2 is a front view of part of the same, partly broken away, and with the set-screw in section, on the line 2 2 of Fig. 4. Fig. 3 is a view with the parts in the same relative positions as in the preceding figure, but looking from the other side, with portions removed, on the line 3 3 of Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view on the line 4 4; of Fig. 2.

A A represent the handles of the device, and B the back-plate, C C the sides, and D the front bar of the frame or housing, all of these parts being preferably cast solidly together in one piece, leaving the usual slot or opening a for the passage of the cutting-blade E therethrough. On its under side this blade is provided with series of transverse grooves e e for engagement with pins or projections f f on the free ends of the short arms of the bell-crank levers F F, pivoted, as shown at b b, to the said back-plate B of the frame or housing. The long arms of these levers project beyond the top edge of said plate and terminate in thumb-pieces d d. The back-plate B is provided with a raised portion h to serve as a stop to limit the inward movement of the long arms of said levers F.

G is a retaining-plate adapted to rest on the upper side of the blade E, and provided at each side with projections or pins g g for engagement vvith grooves c c in the sides C C of the housing or frame.

H is a set-screw passing through a screw-threaded hole in the retaining-plate G, and bearing against the blade E when the latter has been adjusted.

The operation of my device will be readily understood from the foregoing description of its construction taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. The long arms of the levers F F are drawn inward against the stop h, and the blade E laid thereon with the pins f f in engagement with the grooves c c in said blade. The retaining-plate G is then placed upon the blade with the pins g g of said plate within the grooves c c in the side of the housing, and before the set-screw H is tightened the levers F F are moved out or in, so that the edge of said plate is advanced or retracted with relation to the opening on the required distance, and then the said set-screw H is tightened and the device ready for operation. By my device the blade may be adjusted evenly by simultaneous and equal movement of both levers; or, if preferred, either end of said blade may be advanced or retracted to a greater extent than the other end by simply operating the corresponding lever, and this can be done at any time by simply loosening the set-screw and operating the lever or levers without taking out the blade or detaching the parts, and hence a great saving of time is effected and the utmost nicety of adjustment insured.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the described bell-crank levers perform the double function of advancing and retracting the blade by a simultaneous movement of both and adjusting the edge of said blade to cut evenly by a slight independent movement of said beli-crank levers.

Having new fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

A spokeshave comprising a suitable handled housing, a blade, and a pair of pivoted bell-crank levers in engagement with said blade for advancing and retracting said blade by a simultaneous movement of both of said levers, and for adjusting the edge of said blade to cut evenly by a slight independent movement of the levers, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand, at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, in the presence of two witnesses.

ALBERT GUMZ.

Witnesses:
H. G. UNDERWOOD,
HENRY DANKERT.

No. 545,732 – Plane (Edmund A. Schade) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”516″]545732

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 545,732, dated September 3, 1895.
Application filed June 5, 1895. Serial No. 551,754. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND A. SCHADE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and especially to that class of tools commonly known as “smoothing-planes,” and it has for its object to provide an improved supporting and adjusting device for the plane-knife or plane-iron, whereby the same can be quickly and accurately adjusted with relation to the work to be done, and also to provide an improved clamping device for said plane knife or iron, whereby the same will be firmly held against vibration in the use of the plane.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a plane embodying my improvements, parts of said figure being shown in full lines. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the plane, illustrating certain features of the construction, a part thereof being shown in section. Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken in line a a, Fig. 1, looking toward the right hand; and Fig. 4 is a top view of the improved clamping device detached, a part thereof being broken away.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

This improved plane, in the preferred form thereof herein shown, consists of a suitable stock or body, designated generally as 100, adapted for co-operating with those elements in which my invention particularly resides. This stock 100 is shown as provided with a suitable handle 55 at one end thereof and with the usual actuating-knob 60 at the opposite end thereof. The stock has formed in its sole the usual transverse mouth 10, the forward wall of which is designated 11 and the rearward wall as 12.

In the rear of the mouth 10 the stock is provided with a plane-iron carrier seat or support 13 of a construction suitable for the purpose herein set forth. This carrier seat or support 13 is shown as having its upper face 14 thereof preferably on a plane parallel with the sole of the stock and thereby forms a horizontal carrier-support for the plane-iron carrier-bracket and is preferably integrally connected with said stcck and extends transversely entirely across the stock, being united with the mouth of the plane by means of an inclined portion 15. This carrier seat or support 13 is somewhat thicker in cross-section than the sole of the stock to adapt it to receive the locking devices of the plane-iron or knife-carrier hereinafter described. Instead of the seat or support 13 extending entirely across the stock, the knife-carrier seat or support may, if desired, consist of a pair of longitudinal shoulders on a plane parallel with the sole of the stock and extending inwardly a short distance from the sides of the plane.

In this case, however, an intermediate horizontal support must be provided to receive the locking devices of the knife-carrier, hereinafter described. When the seat or support 13 is constructed of a solid member extending entirely across the stock, as is the preferable construction, said carrier support or seat has a recess 16 therein forming two parallel longitudinal guideways 17, Fig. 3. A knife or plane-iron carrier or bracket 20 is adjustably supported on the carrier seat or support by means of binding-screws 21, hereinafter described, and is adapted to slide in the guideways 17, and has a recess 18 in its under side to engage the guideways 17 of the carrier support or seat. This carrier-bracket is shown as having a vertically-inclined side 22 relative to the sole of the stock, adapted to receive the plane iron or knife 23, and is provided at its under side with a horizontal bearing-face parallel with the face 14 of the support 13, and is adapted to slide on said carrier support or seat. The carrier is extended below its horizontal face 14 to form a support 24 for the lower end of the knife, and is preferably V-shaped, to permit the under edge thereof to be inclined parallel with the inclined portion 15, connecting the mouth of the stock and the carrier seat or support. A suitable adjusting device for the plane-iron carrier-bracket, designated in a general way by A, is provided for adjusting said carrier-bracket and thereby the knife relative to the mouth of the stock, and is shown comprising suitable bracket-arm 26, preferably integrally connected to the stock of the plane, and in the upper end of which a threaded spindle 27, provided with a suitable thumb-nut 23, is journaled, the screw end thereof working in a suitable screw-threaded recess in the rear side of the carrier. By turning said thumb-nut the carrier-bracket will be adjusted to the desired position by sliding upon its horizontal support or seat toward or from the mouth of the stock.

In order to adjustably secure or clamp the carrier-bracket upon its seat or support 13, binding-screws 21 are preferably used and are passed through elongated slots 31 in that portion of the carrier which has its upper face in a plane parallel with the lower or seat-engaging face of the carrier-support, in order that the carrier may be moved relatively to its seat or support without effecting the positioning of the binding-screws, and to permit this the carrier is shown as having recesses 23 countersnnk therein and communicating with the inclined face 22 of said carrier. Washers 30 are disposed between the heads of the binding-screws and the horizontal upper face of the carrier-bracket, and said carrier-bracket, by means of the elongated slots 31, can be adjusted in longitudinal direction of the stock by means of the adjusting device A, hereinbefore described. By this particular construction and organization of the plane-iron or knife-supporting members of the plane iron or knife a perfect adjustment of the plane is obtained, and, moreover, a perfectly rigid support for the plane-iron or knife-carrier-bracket is provided. Any suitable means for vertically adjusting the plane-iron may be used, but is shown as comprising a lever 35, pivoted at 36 to the carrier, and having its upper end in engagement with the cap-plate 23′ for actuating the same toward and from the plane-mouth, and thereby moving the plane-iron in the same direction. This lever has the usual forked tailpiece 37 engaged by a peripheral groove in an adjusting-nut 38, which works longitudinally upon a screw or threaded post 39, fixed to the carrier.

As a means for clamping the plane-knife 23 and its usual cap-plate 23′ in position, I have provided an improved clamping device, designated in a general way by B, and which comprises a main clamping-lever having a supplemental clamping-lever connected therewith, and thereby forming a double clamping-lever, which, in the preferred form thereof, is shown consisting of a main clamping-lever 40, working on a fulcrum-screw 41, disposed on the carrier-bracket and having pivoted to its upper end the usual actuating cam-lever 42, having its cam-face 43 in operative engagement with the upper face of the cap-plate.

Pivotally connected to the main clamping-lever 40, at any suitable place thereon, and projecting beyond the lower clamping end of said lever, is a supplemental clamping-lever 45 of any suitable construction adapted for the purpose herein set forth and of comparative flexibility relative to the main clamping-lever. The main clamping-lever 40 has recesses 46, and is provided with laterally-projecting pins or studs 47, upon which the supplemental clamping-lever is adapted to swing by means of suitable ears or lugs 48, having apertures therein adapted to engage said pins or studs. As a means for adjusting this supplemental lever, the upper end thereof is provided with a suitable adjusting device, herein shown as a set-screw 49, adapted to work on the upper surface of the main clamping-lever. This supplemental clamping-lever also has an elongated aperture 51 to permit the fulcrum-stud 41 to be adjusted into position. By means of this improved clamping device, one lever of which is adapted to engage the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping end of the other lever, the knife or plane-iron is firmly held at different points near its working end, and vibration thereof in the use of the plane is substantially eliminated.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is —

1. In a plane, the combination with a stock, and with a plane-iron supported thereon; of a clamping device for the plane-iron comprising two clamps, one of said clamps clamping the plane-iron at a point in advance of the clamping-point of the other clamp, substantially as described.

2. In a plane, the combination with a stock, and with a plane-iron supported thereon; of a clamping device for the plane-iron comprising two clamps, one of said clamps clamping the plane-iron at a point in advance of the clamping-point of the other clamp; and means for separately operating the clamps, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a carrier-bracket supported thereon; a plane-iron adjustably supported on said bracket; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on the carrier-bracket and a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said clamping-lever and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on the stock, and a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main clamping-lever, and adapted to clamp the plane-iron at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever, substantially as described.

5. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a double-lever fulcrumed to the stock, one of said levers clamping the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the other lever, substantially as described.

6. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on the stock; and a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main clamping-lever and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever, substantially as described.

7. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a double-lever, the main clamping lever thereof being fulcrumed to the stock and the supplemental clamping-lever being pivotally adjustable on said main-lever; and means for adjusting said double-lever, whereby the adjustable action of the combined levers extends to the clamping ends of both the main and supplemental clamping-levers, substantially as described.

8. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on said stock; means for adjusting said lever; a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main-lever and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main clamping-lever; and means for adjusting said supplemental-lever relative to the main-lever and independently thereof, substantially as described.

9. In a plane, the combination with the stock having a transverse mouth; of a horizontal carrier-support disposed thereon; and a carrier-bracket having a bearing-face substantially parallel to the horizontal face of the support, and adapted to slide on said support, and also having a vertically-inclined side adapted to support a plane-iron, said inclined side extending below the bearing-face of the horizontal support to support the plane-iron adjacent to the mouth of the stock; a plane-iron adjustably supported on said bracket; means for longitudinally actuating said carrier-bracket relatively to its support; means for adjusting the plane-iron on its inclined support; a cap-plate resting on the plane-iron; and a clamping device for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed to the carrier-bracket; an adjusting device for said main clamping-lever; a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main-lever, and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever; and means for adjusting said supplemental-lever independently of the main-lever, substantially as described.

10. In a plane-iron, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on said stock and adapted to clamp said cap-plate and plane-iron; an adjusting device for said main-lever; a supplemental clamping-lever pivoted on the main-lever at a point below the fulcrum-point of said main-lever, and adapted to clamp the cap-plate and plane-iron at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main clamping-lever; and an adjusting device for said supplemental-lever, whereby said supplemental clamping-lever is adjustable independently of the main clamping-lever, substantially as described.

EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 540,283 – Plane (Justus A. Traut And Christian Bodmer) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”515″]540283

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND CHRISTIAN BODMER,
OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 540,283, dated June 4, 1895.
Application filed January 12, 1895. Serial No. 534,629. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and CHRISTIAN BODMER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and has for its object to furnish an improved tool of this class having, in connection with the plane-iron or knife, a combined knife-actuator and knife-edge cap adapted for maintaining, when properly clamped in place, a perfect bearing between the end of the knife and said cap; and it also has for its object to furnish such a knife-controlling member, in which the knife-edge cap, as a whole, will be capable of a clamping movement independently of and relatively to the knife-actuator or main portion of such knife controlling member.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partially in section, of a portion of an ordinary smooth-plane furnished with our present improvement. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the knife-controlling member of the plane iron or knife embodying one form of our present improvement. Fig. 3 is an edge view of the cap shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4: is a view similar to Fig. 2 and illustrating a modification of the cap shown therein. Fig. 5 is an edge view of the cap shown in Fig. 4. Figs. 6 and 8 are plan views similar to Figs. 2 and 4 for illustrating other modifications of the cap; and Figs. 7 and 9 are edge views of the forms of the cap shown in Figs. 6 and 8, respectively.

Similar characters designate like parts in all of the figures.

Our present improvement comprises a knife-controlling member for a plane-iron or knife, and having, in combination, a substantially-rigid knife-actuator, and a substantially-rigid knife-edge-cap or clamp formed integral with each other, and movable bodily, the one relatively to the other. It also comprises, in combination with said knife-actuator and the knife-edge cap, a resilient connection or spring-joint intermediate of said main portions of the knife-controlling member, and, in order to obtain a more perfect resilient relation between the knife-actuator and the knife-edge cap, the knife-engaging face of the cap, which is adjacent to said resilient connection, projects beyond the plane of the knife-engaging face of the knife-actuator, so that the knife-edge cap will have a full bearing upon the knife at both ends of said cap, and independent ofthe knife-actuator, and an oscillatory, yielding movement, transversely of the plane of the knife-controlling member, about the fulcrum or axis formed by the rear knife-engaging bearing-face or fulcrum-edge of the knife-edge cap.

We have shown, in Fig. 1, the principal portion of the body of the ordinary smooth-plane, of the class usually made of iron, and having the parts common to such planes, viz: a plane-iron or knife, a cap for the knife, a clamp for the cap, means in connection with the cap and adapted for adjusting the knife, a handle or knob at the front or left-hand end of the plane-body, and a handle (not shown), at the rearward or right-hand end of the plane-body.

In the drawings, the plane-body is designated in a general way by B, the plane-iron or knife by K, the knife-controlling member or cap by C, and the usual, forward handle, or knob, by H. This knife-controlling member or cap is shown affixed to the knife or plane-iron by means of the usual clamping screw 2; and a knife-actuating lever 3, which will be supported upon the frame or body of the plane in some usual or well known manner, is shown engaging in a mortise or slot, formed at the point 4 in the knife-controlling member, for the purpose of adjusting the knife and its controlling member together, upward or downward under the cap-engaging clamp L.

According to our present improvements, the knife-controlling member, which, as before stated, is designated in a general way by C, comprises two principal portions separated, at about the point 5, by a connection which will permit movement of one of the members, such as the knife-actuator 6, relatively to the other member, or knife-edge cap 7, in a direction transversely of the plane of said knife-controlling- member considered as a whole. This connecting member is shown herein, in the preferred form thereof, as a spring-joint, formed by a connecting portion or portions 8, of relatively-small cross-sectional area, transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with such area of said member at other points in the length thereof. This connection, which, in the forms of the device herein shown, constitutes a yielding or spring-joint, connects the knife-actuating portion 6 of said knife-controlling member with the knife-edge cap 7 thereof, in such a manner that these main portions are each movable, as a whole, relatively to the other, in a direction substantially transverse to the plane of said knife-controlling member, that is to say, each of said main portions has a slight, oscillatory movement, relatively to the other, about an axis intermediate of said main parts. In the manufacture of articles of this class, it has been found, that a perfect organization of the parts of a plane, — such as will bring the edge of the cap into exact parallelism with the cutting-edge of the bit- — is exceedingly difficult, owing to the liability of each member of the organization having a very slight error, when formed by the ordinary methods of manipulation. The clamping-edge of the cap, for instance, even if ground with precision, after tempering, and especially, if unevenly tempered, might not be an exact straight line in the direction of the plane of the bit, but have a slight bend in the same; and this is the frequent case in actual practice. Hence, it will be evident, that if provision is made for a slight torsional, or twisting movement of the cap, relatively to the actuator, a perfect and even bearing of the forward edge of the cap, upon the knife, will be assured.

It will be remembered that, in planes of this class, as ordinarily constructed, the cap generally employed, and which, in some of its features, is substantially similar to the knife-controlling member described herein, is required to be accurately adjusted relatively to the extreme or cutting edge 10, of the knife of the plane, so as to properly turn the shaving in the throat of the plane, as said shaving is stripped, by the knife-edge, from the body of the piece being planed. This adjustment is effected, in practice, by means of the set clamp-screw 2, the point of which is engaged in the knife-controlling member, and the shank of which travels in the usual, central, longitudinal slot in the plane-iron or knife.

When this clamp-screw is loosened, the cap may be adjusted longitudinally on the knife, with its forward end more nearly adjacent to, or more remote from, the cutting edge of the knife, and is then re-affixed to the knife by tightening said clamp-screw. The cap being properly adjusted, relatively to the knife, and the knife being also properly adjusted, with its cutting edge in the desired position relatively to the sole of the plane, this latter adjustment being effected by means of the lever 3, or other adjusting device, commonly employed for this purpose, the clamp L is then brought into locking engagement with the outer face of the cap-portion 7, of the knife-controlling member, and secured in that position, so as to hold the said clamp rigidly upon such knife-edge cap of the knife-controlling member, and thereby obtain a similar, rigid engagement between the bearing-faces 7′ and 7”, at the forward and rearward ends of the knife-edge cap, and the upper face of the plane-iron or knife, as shown in Fig. 1. The clamping force, exerted by the clamp L upon the arched knife-edge cap 7, readily springs or bends the relatively-small connecting portion, or spring joint 8, of the knife-controlling member C, thereby bringing both the forward edge 7′, of the clamp-portion or knife-edge cap of said knife-controlling member, and the rearward fulcrum edge 7”, thereof, into full bearing engagement with the plane-knife or plane-iron, so as to hold said knife and the knife-edge cap in full and proper bearing contact, the one upon the other, at all points in the transverse bearing-faces of the same, and this, notwithstanding any irregularity in the form of the actuator portion 6, of the knife-controlling member, or in the manner of fastening this actuator portion to the knife itself.

In all of the forms of our improvement, that are herein shown and described, the same general organization of parts is maintained, viz.: a knife-actuator and a knife-edge cap connected transverse to the plane of the knife-controlling member in which they are embodied, and a preferably resilient joint, intermediate of these main portions of the knife-controlling member, and forming said connection therebetween. In each case, the connecting-member, between the shaft and the actuator, is of relatively-great inherent mobility, or resilience, transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with the mobility, or resilience, of such cap or actuator; so that each transverse portion of the two main parts of the knife-controlling member will be of relatively-great inherent rigidity, as compared with the member which connects them.

In Fig. 2, the connection portion of the combined knife-actuator and knife-edge-clamp is shown consisting of the two edge-bars 8–8, tying together the two main portions, and at the ends of the elongated, transverse slot or opening 12. In this case these connecting bars constitute a relatively yielding portion, or spring-joint, entirely independent of the main portions of the knife-actuating member, except at the extreme lateral edges thereof; and, for the purpose of allowing this joint to operate more freely, the knife-actuator 6 will usually be slightly elevated at 6’, rearward of said joint, as shown in Fig. 3, by contrast with the dotted lines illustrating the position of the knife relatively to its controlling member, so as to isolate the relatively-narrow bearing-face 7”, of the knife-edge clamp from the body of said clamp, and from the knife-actuator, whereby a fulcrum-edge is obtained intermediate of the knife-edge cap and the knife-actuator, about which the knife-edge cap, or clamp, has a limited, oscillatory movement, relatively to the knife-actuator and independently thereof.

The other modifications of the knife-controlling member, herein shown and described, are similarly illustrated, as to their relation to the knife, in Figs. 5, 7 and 9, respectively, in all of which views, the fulcrum-edge of the rear bearing-face 7”, of the knife-edge cap is independent of the under side of the knife-actuator, and projects beyond the plane thereof.

In Fig. 4, the connection portion of the knife-controlling member is shown as a single connecting-bar, formed substantially intermediate of the lateral edges of said knife-controlling member, by recessing said edges, intermediate of the knife-edge clamp and the knife-actuator, for considerable distances inward from said edges, and in line with each other, as shown at 12, in said figure. By this organization of the knife-edge clamp and the knife-actuator with the connecting-joint 8, the two main portions of said knife-controlling member are rendered torsionally movable, relatively to each other, as well as oscillatory, relatively to each other about the connecting joint transversely of the plane of such member.

In Figs. 6 and 8 the relatively-reduced connecting portion or joint between the knife-edge clamping-cap and the knife-actuator is obtained by transversely channeling or grooving the knife-controlling member transversely thereof and intermediate of its two main portions. In Fig. 6 this channel is formed in the upper side of said knife-controlling member, while in Fig. 8 the channel is shown as being in the under side thereof.

It will be evident from the foregoing that, by organizing the knife-edge cap and the knife-actuator, so that said cap will be capable of independent, though limited, oscillatory movement in a direction substantially transverse to the plane of the knife-controlling member, said cap will be capable of exerting its clamping action upon the knife-edge entirely independently of any clamping action exerted by the knife-actuator, and that, as the clamping force of said cap is all exerted upon two relatively-narrow bearing-faces, running transversely of the knife-edge cap, an augmented clamping effect will result when the clamp L, is forced into locked engagement with said cap; also that the entire clamping force of this clamp L will be confined to the cap 7, and will be transmitted to the bearing-faces 7′ and 7” , thereof, owing to the isolation of the latter bearing-face from the under side of the knife-actuator. A perfect clamping action thus results from the organization of the several parts of the knife-controlling member in which the two main portions thereof are joined by a connection relatively more yielding, transversely of the plane of said member, than either of said portions is in a direction transversely of itself.

Having thus described our invention, we claim —

1. A knife-controlling member for a plane-iron, consisting of a relatively-independent knife – edge cap; a relatively-independent knife-actuator; and a connecting-member between, and connecting said cap and actuator, and of a relatively-great inherent mobility between, and at its points of connection to, said knife-cap and knife-actuator and transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with that of said cap or actuator.

2. A knife-controlling member, for a plane-iron, consisting of a relatively-independent knife-edge cap; a relatively-independent knife-edge actuator; a connecting- member between and connecting said cap and actuator, and of relatively-great inherent resilience between, and at its points of connection to, said knife-cap and knife-actuator, and transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with that of said cap or actuator.

3. A knife-controlling member for a plane-knife or iron, and consisting of a combined knife-edge cap and a knife-actuator formed integral with each other, and having a transverse connecting-member of relatively-small cross-sectional area, as compared with any corresponding transverse portion of the cap or actuator, substantially as described.

4. A knife-controlling member for a plane-knife or iron, and consisting of a combined knife-actuator and a knife-edge cap formed integral with said knife-actuator and having a relatively-narrow rear transverse knife-engaging bearing-face in advance of the plane of the knife-engaging face of the knife-actuator, and a transverse connecting member integral with said cap and actuator and of relatively-small cross-sectional area, as compared with any corresponding transverse portion of the cap or actuator, substantially as described.

5. A knife-controlling member for a plane-iron, and consisting of a knife-edge cap; a knife-actuator; and a connecting-member between and connecting said cap and actuator, and of relatively-great inherent torsional mobility, transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with that of said cap or actuator.

6. A knife-controlling member for a plane-iron, consisting of a relatively-independent knife-actuator; a relatively-independent knife-edge cap formed integral with said knife-actuator, and having a rear transverse knife-engaging bearing-face in advance of the plane of the knife-engaging face of the knife-actuator; and a connecting-member between, and connecting said cap and actuator, and of relatively-great inherent mobility, between, and at its points of connection to, said knife-cap and knife-actuator, and transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with that of said cap or actuator, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
CHRISTIAN BODMER.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS H. RICHARDS,
FRED. J. DOLE.

No. 538,937 – Combination-Plane (Jacob W. Tripp) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”514″]538937

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JACOB W. TRIPP, OF SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH TERRITORY.

COMBINATION-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 538,937, dated May 7, 1895.
Application filed August 9, 1894. Serial No. 519,912. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB W. TRIPP, of Salt Lake City, in the county of Salt Lake and Territory of Utah, have invented a new and Improved Combination-Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved plane, which is comparatively simple and durable in construction, arranged for universal adjustment to enable the operator to conveniently plane straight or curved work, such as stair rails, on all sides, and for molding, fitting, plowing, tonguing and grooving, rabbeting and other purposes, also to form beads, fillets, &c.

The invention consists principally of a stock adapted to receive a removable wooden sole piece shaped to conform to the curved or straight surface to be planed.

The invention further consists in a bit having gear teeth adapted to be engaged by a segmental lever, for shifting the said bit into proper position.

The invention also consists in an auxiliary guide stock pivoted on an adjustable arm held on the main stock.

The invention also consists in certain parts and details, and combinations of the same, as will be fully described hereinafter, and then pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improvement. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a sectional side elevation of the improvement on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is an enlarged transverse section of the bit-guide, the section being taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the improvement on the line 5 5 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a sectional rear elevation of part of the improvement on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the improvement, showing a modified form of sole-piece. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a modified form of guide-piece for the auxiliary guide-stock. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a modified form of sole-piece in front of the cutting-bit. Fig. 10 is a sectional plan view of part of the improvement on the line 10 10 of Fig. 7. Fig. 11 is a rear elevation of the auxiliary guide and adjacent parts. Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the improvement arranged with a straight wooden sole-piece, part of which is broken out. Fig. 13 is a sectional plan view of the same on the line 13 13 of Fig. 12. Fig. 14 is an inverted plan view of the bit. Fig. 15 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 16 is a face view of a combination quick cutter and blank. Fig. 17 is a face view of a modified form of fastening for the quick cutter, and Fig. 18 is a sectional plan view of the same on the line 18 18 of Fig. 17.

The improved plane is provided with the metallic stock A, having an integral handle A’, and a bit plate A2 extending in an inclined direction, as plainly shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and fastened by screws or other means to the stock A and handle A’. On the under side of the stock A, is adapted to be secured by screws orother means, a sole piece B, having its bottom made in various shapes according to the article to be planed. The sole piece is made of wood, and is shaped at its under side to correspond to the shape of the article to be planed, as will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 1, or is made straight at its under side for planing straight surfaces of different shapes, as illustrated in Fig. 12.

On the lower end of the cap C is secured a sole piece B’, forming a continuation of the sole piece B, and shaped according to the article under treatment, that is, either curved at the under side, as shown in Fig. 1, or straight as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 12. The pressure plate or cap C for the plane, is adapted to engage and hold the cutting bit D on the bit plate A2.

In order to shift the bit D, I form the top surface thereof at the upper end with rack teeth D’ adapted to be engaged by the teeth E’ of a segmental lever E, formed with a slot E2 adapted to engage a pin C’ extending transversely in the pressure plate C, and through an aperture C2 therein, as will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 3. Now when the pressure plate C is in place, the operator inserts the segmental lever E in the aperture C2, so that the pin C’ forms a fulcrum for the said lever, and the teeth E’ of the latter engage the rack teeth D’ of the bit D. When the operator swings the lever E either up or down, then the teeth E’ shift the bit D down or up, so as to adjust the cutting edge of the bit according to the under side of the sole piece B. After proper adjustment is made of the bit D, then the segmental lever E is again removed from the aperture C2 and the pin C’. The pressure plate or cap C is held from sliding by dowels F, F’, which project at right angles from the bit plate A2. See Fig. 3. To clamp the bit in place on the bit plate A2, I provide a screw rod F2, secured in the bit plate A2, parallel to the dowels F F’. The screw rod F2 is provided with the smooth piece F3, extending through the bit slot D2 and the cap C. The reduced end F4 of the screw rod F2 engages a removable block G, fitting under the head F5 of the said screw rod, and on the sides of the said block G is fulcrumed a cam lever G’, formed near its outer end with an opening G2 adapted to fit over the outer end of the dowel pin F’, whenever the said cam lever is in a closed position, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 12. The cam is formed on the fulcrumed end of the lever G’, and engages a wearing plate G4 held on the pressure plate C, so that when the lever G’ is swung inward, then the cam portion of the said lever presses on the wearing plate G4, to raise the block G, and to securely press the latter against the under side of the head F5 of the screw rod F2, whereby the pressure plate C is firmly pressed inward onto the bit D, to clamp the latter securely in position. The wearing plate G4 can be dispensed with in case the cap C is made of a hard material.

When the lever G’ is swung outward into the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, then the cam end of the lever releases the block G from pressing on the head F5, thereby loosening the pressure plate C sufliciently to remove the cutting bit D as may be desired. In order to properly guide the bit D, I provide the under side thereof with a longitudinal recess D3, see Figs. 3 and 14, engaged by a lug A3 formed or secured on the bit plate A2.

On the lower end of the cap C, and abutting on the face of the bit D, is arranged an adjustable plate C4, formed with a longitudinally-extending shoulder C5 fitting into a correspondingly shaped groove in the cap or pressure plate C, as plainly shown in Fig. 4. A screw C6 serves to hold the adjustable plate C4 in place on the pressure plate C, the said screw passing through a longitudinally-extending slot C7 formed in the adjustable plate C4. By the arrangement described, the plate C4 can be readily adjusted on the pressure plate C, by loosening the screw C6, and then shifting the said adjustable plate C4 so that its lower end is as close down to the cutting edge of the bit as desirable, to permit of cutting in cross-grained wood without danger of tearing it or leaving a rough surface.

On the rear face of the stock A, is held adjustably a block H, provided with an obliquely-extending slot H’, through which passes a screw H2 screwing in the stock A, as teaser indicated in Figs. 6 and 7. A shoulder H4, see Fig. 10, formed on the back of this block H engages a correspondingly shaped groove A5 in the rear face of the bit plate A2, the said groove A5 being arranged parallel or in alignment with the slot H’, so as to permit of shifting the block H in an oblique direction on the stock, as required. On the back of the block H is formed a vertical recess or groove H3 (see Figs. 2 and 5), in which is held adjustable a quick cutter or bit I, for cutting the sides or edges of the wood under treatment, as plainly illustrated in Figs. 5 and 7. The quick cutter I, may be held in place on the block H, either by a screw I’, as shown in Fig. 5, or by making it dovetailed in cross section and clamping it in position at one edge by a cap H7 adapted to be fastened to the block H by a screw H8, as shown in Figs. 17 and 18. Instead of the cutter or bitI, I may place a blank I3 in the said groove H3, see Fig. 12, and the cutter I and blank I3 may be combined in a single piece, as illustrated in Fig. 16. The blank I3 is provided with a row of apertures, one of which is adapted to be engaged at a time by the set screw I’, but the blank may also be held in place by the cap H7 above mentioned. This blank I3, when used, prevents the shavings from accumulating in the plane throat and choking the plane, and is especially serviceable when cutting deep slots or grooves with the bit D, or other bits that may be used.

On the lower end of the block H is pivoted at J’, the auxiliary guide stock J, extending transversely, as plainly shown in the drawings, and carrying at its lower end an adjustable plate K, engaged by a set-screw K’ passing through a slot J2 extending longitudinally in the auxiliary guide-stock J. By this arrangement the plate K can be adjusted laterally in the guide stock according to the thickness or width of the wood under treatment. The screw K’ is adapted to engage one of a series of apertures K2, K3, K4, in the plate K, so as to increase the range of adjustment of the said plate K on the said guide-stock J.

On the front end of the plate K is arranged a foot-piece K5, made of wood or other suitable material, and shaped to correspond to the shape of the wood to be planed, as indicated in Figs. 5 and 8. The foot-piece K5 shown in Fig. 8 is more especially designed for use on twisted and crooked work. The foot-piece K5 is opposite the front sole-piece B’, secured to the under side of the shavings cup C9, as will be readily understood by reference to the dotted lines in Fig. 1, the said foot-piece also extending rearwardly a suitable distance, so that its rear end is about opposite the cutting edges of the bits D and I.

On one side of the auxiliary guide stock J is fitted to slide transversely, a block L, having a longitudinally extending groove L2 engaged by a set screw L’ screwing in the auxiliary guide-stock J, the screw L’ thus admitting of a right or left movement of the said block, and the screw is adapted to engage one of a series of tap apertures J3 in the auxiliary guide-stock J. See Fig. 11. A link N, pivotally connects this block L with a stud N’ secured on the block H, so that the upward and downward swinging motion of the auxiliary guide-stock is limited, but any desired adjustment can be made by adjusting the screw L’ in one of the series of tap apertures J3 in the auxiliary guide stock J. By this arrangement the auxiliary guide-stock J can be moved in a tilted position according to the wood under treatment, or the main stock A may be inclined, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5.

Now it will be seen that with the device described, almost any desired form of molding can be planed as the tool is universall adjustable for all kinds of work of any class desired.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. A plane having its body composed of two separable parts, to wit: a stock and a pressure-plate, in combination with a bit located between said parts, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of a main stock having a bit-plate and a bit mounted thereon and provided with a series of rack teeth on its upper face, a pressure plate arranged over the bit and provided with a recess extending through it adjacent to the rack teeth of the bit, a rod extending transversely of said recess a lever with its bifurcations embracing said transverse rod and engaging the rack teeth in the bit, whereby the same may be adjusted, and means for locking said bit fast to the bit plate, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a main stock having a bit plate and a bit mounted thereon and provided with a series of rack teeth on its upper face, a pressure plate arranged over the bit and provided with a recess extending through it adjacent to the rack teeth of the bit, a rod extending transversely through said recess, a bifurcated lever adapted to be arranged in said recess with its bifurcations on opposite sides of said transverse rod and engaging the rack teeth in the bit, whereby the same may be adjusted, a screw rod connected at one end to the bit plate with its other end extending through the pressure plate, and a lever connected to the extremity of said screw rod and provided with a cam adapted to bear on said pressure plate, whereby the bit may be clamped in place, substantially as set forth.

4. A plane having its body composed of two separable parts to wit: a stock and a pressure plate, in combination with removable sole-pieces secured to said parts, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of a main stock having a bit, a plate H adjustably connected to said stock and also provided with a bit, said plate H being adapted to be moved in a direction parallel to the direction in which the bit on the main stock moves, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of a main stock having a bit, a plate H, adjustably connected to the said stock and adapted to be moved in a direction parallel to the direction in which the bit on the main stock moves, the bit I adjustably mounted on said plate H, and an adjustable lower portion for said plate H, adapted to form a lateral guide for the main stock, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of a main stock having a bit, a plate H adjustably connected to the said stock and adapted to be moved in a direction parallel to the direction in which the bit on the main stock moves, a bit adjustably arranged between said plate H and the main stock, and a clamping device for said bit, substantially as set forth.

8. A plane having its body composed of two parts, to wit: — a stock and a pressure-plate, one part having projecting dowel pins and the other part having sockets to receive the dowel-pins, in combination with a bit located between said parts and provided with slots to receive said dowel pins, substantially as set forth.

9. A plane having its body composed of two parts, to wit: — a stock and a pressure-plate, one part having dowel pins and the other part having perforations for the passage of the dowel pins, in combination with a bit located between the two parts, and a clamping device mounted on the perforated part and adapted to clamp the two parts together, whereby said bit is held in place, substantially as set forth.

10. A plane having its body divided vertically into two parts, one part being a stock and the other part being a pressure-plate, dowel-pins projecting from one part, the other part being perforated for the passage of the dowel-pins, a bit located between the parts and having slots for the passage of the dowel-pins, and a clamping device mounted on the perforated part and engaging the dowel-pins of the other part, and adapted to clamp the bit in place between the two parts, substantially as set forth.

11. A plane having its body composed of two parts, to wit: a stock and a pressure-plate, each provided with a sole-piece, a bit located between the two parts, and a clamping device adapted to clamp said parts together, whereby the bit is held in place, substantially as set forth.

JACOB W. TRIPP.

Witnesses:
CHARLES G. CARTER,
C. H. STEBBINS.

No. 536,746 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”513″]536746

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 536,746, dated April 2, 1895.
Application filed January 12, 1895. Serial No. 584,626. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and especially to that class of tools, commonly known as smooth-planes; and it has for its object to provide an improved plane, adapted for supporting the plane-knife adjacent to the cutting end thereof, and to do this by means which are adapted for adjusting the position of the plane-knife or iron, relatively to the forward wall of the plane-mouth.

In the drawings, accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a vertical, longitudinal section of a smooth-plane embodying my present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the plane, for illustrating certain features of construction of the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse section, taken in line a–a, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow, and Fig. 4 is a detail, sectional, plan view of an adjusting device for adjusting the position of the knife carrier, relatively to its seat in the plane.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

My present improvements comprise, in combination with a plane having a transverse mouth, a knife-carrier seat in the rear of, and inclined toward said mouth, a knife carrier supported by said seat, and having a knife-engaging face inclined toward the mouth of the plane at a relatively-greater inclination to the face or sole of the plane, than that of the knife-carrier-engaging face of the knife-carrier seat, the knife-carrier being adapted for movement along said face of its seat, means for securing the knife-carrier against movement relatively to the seat, and a knife adapted to be secured to said knife-engaging face of the carrier, so that, when the carrier is moved relatively to the forward wall of the plane-mouth, the knife itself will also be correspondingly actuated, and the area of the chip-space increased or decreased, in accordance with such movement.

My invention also comprises, in combination with the aforesaid knife-carrier and its support, means for adjusting the carrier upon, and relatively to the support, and holding the carrier in its adjusted position.

The plane-body, which is designated in a general way by B, is, or may be, in its principal features, of any ordinary or desired construction, adapted for co-operating with those elements in which my invention particularly resides, and this plane-body is shown herein, as provided with the usual handle H, at the rearward end thereof, and with the knob or actuating-handle H’, at the forward end of the same. The plane-body has formed in the face or sole thereof, the usual transverse mouth 2, the forward wall of which is designated by 2’; and, rearward of the plane-mouth, the plane-body is shown as having a knife-carrier seat or support inclined toward said mouth, and having its inclined face at a comparatively slight inclination, relatively to the face of the plane. This knife-carrier seat, which is designated herein by S, may be in the form of a solid member, extending transversely entirely across the body of the plane, or it may comprise a pair of similarly-inclined, longitudinal shoulders, extending but a short way from each of the sides of the plane, and inwardly toward the longitudinal center of the same. In the latter case, however, an intermediate, and preferably similarly-inclined member must also be provided, for a purpose which will hereinafter appear. The inclined face of this seat S, is shown herein as relatively adjacent, at its forward end, to the face or sole of the plane, and this inclined face is adapted to receive a knife carrier or bracket, designated in a general way by C, which carrier is organized to support the knife, and to be engaged and held by the seat S, to thereby prevent movement of the carrier relatively to such seat. This seat S, is much thicker at all points than the base 3, of the plane, or at least, is of a considerably greater thickness at a point a short distance in the rear of the rear wall 2” of the plane-mouth, which wall is herein shown, as formed by the forward edge of said seat. The relatively-greater thickness of this knife-carrier seat S, or of a portion of said seat, is necessary for the purpose of forming therein threaded holes, or bores 4–4, with which may engage holding means, preferably in the form of binding-screws 5–5, for securing the carrier C, to said seat.

It will be evident that, if the upper or carrier-engaging face of the seat S were in a plane parallel with the face, or sole 3′ of the frame, the forward end of the bracket would, as in the present practice, lie so far above the sole 3′, that the forward end and cutting-edge of the knife would be insufliciently supported. As the carrier-engaging face of the seat is forwardly and downwardly inclined, toward the plane-mouth, and as the forward end of the carrier-engaging face of this seat is relatively adjacent to the plane-sole or face 3’, the carrier or bracket C, will be supported with its forward end in close proximity to the extreme forward and under edge of said knife-carrier seat S, and also in close proximity to the cutting-edge of the knife or plane-iron itself, which plane-iron is designated herein by K. By this organization of the parts, it will be evident that the carrier or bracket C, will be adjustable in an oblique direction toward, and from the face or sole 3′ of the plane, and also toward and from the forward wall 2′ of the plane-mouth, so that, when the knife is drawn backward on the knife-engaging face of the carrier, and the carrier is moved downwardly on the inclined face of the seat S, to close the plane-mouth, in performing the most accurate work with the plane, the knife, or plane-iron, is supported close to its cutting-edge, as is necessary for such work. By this peculiar construction and organization of the knife-supporting members of the plane, the most perfect adjustment of the plane-knife for depth of cut, and in longitudinal direction for regulating the area of the chip-space, is obtainable, and, moreover, the most perfect possible support for the plane-knife, that is, a rigid support, most nearly adjacent to the cutting-edge of such knife, also results.

As before stated, the inclination of the carrier-supporting surface of the member S, is such that the body of said support is of considerable thickness, so that an ample thickness of metal is obtained at the line a–a, in which to form the holes 4–4, for the binding-screws 5–5; and this support is also sufficiently thick to permit the employment of screws of relatively-large bore and length, so that the carrier may be rigidly held thereby to the body of the plane.

The means for holding the plane-knife, or plane-iron K, upon the carrier, or bracket C, and for adjusting the knife, may be of any ordinary or suitable construction.

In the present case, the plane-knife is shown as resting upon the inclined, upper face of the carrier, the usual cap 8, being affixed to said knife.

A lever 9, is shown as pivoted at 9’, to the carrier C, and has its upper end in engagement with the cap, for actuating the same toward, and from the plane-mouth, and thereby moving the plane-iron in the same direction. This lever has the usual, forked tail-piece, engaged by a peripheral groove in an adjusting-nut 10, which works longitudinally upon the screw or threaded-post 12, fixed to the carrier.

The plane-knife and cap are shown as clamped in position, against the knife-supporting face of the carrier, by means of the usual clamp-lever 13, working against the fulcrum-screw 14, set into the carrier C, said clamp-lever being controlled in its clamping or releasing position, by means of the actuating cam-lever 15, pivoted at the rear end of said clamp-lever, and having its cam-face in operative engagement with the upper face of the cap 8, all of these holding devices being of ordinary construction, and well known in the art. The carrier C, is normally maintained in engagement with the upper face of the seat S, by means of the binding-screws 5–5, hereinbefore referred to, and these screws are preferably passed through a portion of the carrier, which has its upper face in a plane parallel with the lower or seat-engaging face of the carrier, in order that the carrier maybe moved relatively to seat, without affecting the positioning of these binding-screws. In order to obtain this result, the carrier is shown as having recesses, such as 17–17, countersunk therein, and formed with the end walls thereof parallel with the under side of the carrier.

The binding-screws 5–5, which preferably have washers 5′–5’, between the heads thereof and the end walls of said recesses, are also shown as passed through openings in the relatively-thin walls 13, formed by these recesses 17–17, and which openings are somewhat elongated longitudinally of the plane-body.

It will be evident that when the carrier is moved along the seat S, relatively thereto, these slots 19–19, will permit the screws to maintain their same relation to the seat S, and hold the carrier securely upon said seat. These binding-screws may be loosened, if desired, to permit this adjustment of the carrier, but this adjustment is preferably effected by means of a suitable adjusting device, such as is shown in Figs. 1 and 4 of the drawings. This adjusting device, which is designated in a general way by A, and which is shown as a cam-faced lever 20, is pivoted at its forward end, for movement in a plane coinciding with the plane of the bearing-face of the knife-carrier C, by means of a pin 21, engaging in a socket or recess 21’, in the seat S. Said lever is also shown as formed with a cam-groove 22, disposed substantially transversely of the lever and engaging the depending-lug or stud 23, on the under side of the carrier C. It will be evident that, upon the actuation of this lever 20, the carrier, engaging the cam-groove thereof, by its stud 23, will be actuated longitudinally of the plane, and the area of the chip-space correspondingly increased or decreased, by the advance of the forward edge of said carrier toward the front wall 2′ of the plane-mouth, or its recession therefrom.

After this adjustment of the carrier, the binding-screws 5–5, if loosened prior to the adjustment, will be re-tightened, and the plane-iron set in place and made ready for use. When the adjusting device for this carrier is of a sufficiently powerful character, this preliminary loosening of the binding-screws will be found unnecessary, the binding-screws having been previously so set as to hold the carrier firmly in place without entirely preventing movement of the same, the frictional engagement between said binding-screws and the carrier, and the carrier-engaging face of the seat S, being sufficient to maintain an adjustable, clamping connection between said carrier and its seat with the binding-screws.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, in combination, a plane-body having a substantially-transverse mouth, and having also a continuous-plane knife-carrier seat adjacent to, and rearward of, said mouth, and inclined vertically relatively to the plane-sole; a V-shaped knife-carrier having two independent and relatively-diverging continuous-plane bearing-faces, one of which is, throughout the length thereof, in engagement with the plane-knife, and the other of which is movably-supported substantially throughout the length thereof upon the inclined knife-carrier-seat of the plane-body; a plane-knife adjustably carried upon the upper face of said carrier, and means in connection with, and adapted for, adjusting said carrier longitudinally of, and at an inclination to the plane-sole, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a plane, in combination, a plane-body having a substantially-transverse mouth, and having also a continuous-plane knife carrier-seat adjacent to and rearward of said mouth, and inclined vertically relatively to the plane-sole; a V-shaped knife-carrier adjusting-lever supported for movement in the plane of the carrier-seat and in operative engagement with, and adapted for, adjusting the knife-carrier longitudinally of said seat, and at an inclination to the plane-sole; and a knife adjustably carried upon the knife-carrier, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination with a plane-body having a substantially transverse mouth, and having also an inclined knife-carrier seat adjacent to, and in the rear of said mouth and sloping toward the mouth; of a knife-carrier mounted upon said inclined seat, having a depending stud, and having also a longitudinally-slotted seat-engaging wall formed with substantially-parallel upper and lower faces; holding means, engaging the walls of said slots, and secured to the seat, and adapted to maintain the carrier in engagement with the seat, and to permit movement of said carrier upon, and relatively to the seat; an adjusting lever pivotally secured to the plane, and having a cam-groove the walls of which engage said stud upon the carrier, and adapted thereby to actuate said carrier toward, and from the plane-mouth, and a plane-knife adjustably supported upon said carrier, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, in combination, a plane-body having a substantially transverse month, and having also a continuous-plane-knife-carrier seat adjacent to and rearward of said mouth, and inclined vertically relatively to the plane-sole; a V-shaped knife-carrier having two independent and relatively-diverging continuous-plane bearing-faces one of which is, throughout the length thereof, in engagement with the plane-knife, and the other of which is movably-supported, substantially throughout the length thereof upon the inclined knife-carrier-seat of the plane-body; a plane-knife adjustably-carried upon the upper face of said carrier, and a cam-faced carrier-adjusting-lever carried below and in operative engagement with the knife-carrier, and adapted, for movement transversely of said carrier, in a plane coinciding with the plane of the knife-carrier-seat, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS H. RICHARDS,
FRED. J. DOLE.

No. 533,329 – Rabbet-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”512″]533329

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

RABBET-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 533,329, dated January 29, 1895.
Application filed October 8, 1894. Serial No. 525,202. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Rabbet-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rabbet-planes, and it has for its principal object to furnish an improved plane of this general class, which may he readily converted from an ordinary rabbet-plane to a “bull-nose” plane without decreasing or adding to the number of parts of the tool.

Another object of the invention is to furnish an improved clamping-device for this kind of planes, by means of which the plane-iron or cutter may be securely and positively held substantially upon its longitudinal axis.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a rabbet-plane embodying my present invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a portion of the forward end or toe of the plane, looking toward the side opposite that shown in Fig. 1, and showing a reversible, auxiliary duplex runner in position to form an ordinary side-rabbet-plane. Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but showing the reversible member in position to form a “bull-nose” side-rabbet-plane. Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken in line x–x, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow and illustrating one use of the plane.

Similar characters designate like parts in all of the views.

In rabbet-planes as heretofore constructed it has been the practice to provide one form of plane for working in continuous open grooves, or cuts, and a separate, or “bull-nose,” plane for working in grooves or cuts closed at one or both ends thereof.

It is the main object of the present invention to combine the ordinary rabbet-plane and the “bull-nose” plane so that the two may be readily and quickly converted from one to the other, without decreasing or adding to the number of parts thereof, while at the same time maintaining the strength and solidity of the ordinary forms of plane of these types now in use. I attain this end by the provision of an auxiliary reversible member, or duplex runner removably secured to the forward end of the plane, in such a manner as to be fixedly held against movement laterally and longitudinally of the stock when in position thereon, and so that, when in either of its positions, one of the runners will have its sole in alignment with the sole of the stock, and will also have a vertical stop-face adjacent to the cutting edge of the plane-iron or cutter and adapted to close the chip-space or throat of the plane.

My invention also contemplates the provision of a clamp, adapted to be held positively in position substantially upon its longitudinal axis, so that the end thrust upon the cutter, when the plane is in use, will not loosen the clamp, but will be taken up by a fixed portion of the stock.

In the preferred embodiment of my invention, herein shown and described, P designates the stock of the plane, and is shown herein as comprising a body-portion 2, and a runner 3, of reduced cross-section, having the usual beveled face 4 sloping toward the outer side of said runner to form the usual narrow sole 5. This stock is shown herein as of substantially rectangular outline, and as provided at the upper rear end thereof with a handle 6, which may be of any desired construction. This handle is shown as formed separately from the stock and as secured thereto by a screw fastening but it is obvious that it might be integral with the stock. An oblique channel is shown, at 7, as extending from the upper, inner corner of the plane to the lower, outer corner thereof, and is adapted for maintaining the cutter or bit in position. The walls of this channel are shown as parallel with each other, and as intersecting the outer face of the plane in a line perpendicular with the sole thereof, so as to form an inner stop-wall for the outer side of the cutter-iron, and thereby maintain the cutting-edge of said iron perpendicular to the plane of the sole of the stock.

The plane-iron or bit is designated in a general way by B, and is shown as having parallel, longitudinal edges, and as adapted to lit snugly within the guides, 8 and 9, which form the upper and lower walls of the channel 7. This bit or cutter is also shown as beveled at its forward end to form a cutting edge 10, which, when the cutter is in position, will be substantially perpendicular to the sole of the stock, and is represented as beveled also adjacent to its lower, longitudinal edge, to conform with the outline of the beveled runner 3, and prevent interference with the work, which might result from the projection of a portion of the cutter beyond the inner, beveled edge of the runner.

The stock is shown herein as having formed upon its inner side a channel or guide-way 12, perpendicular to its sole but inclined to the sides of said stock at the same angle as is the channel 7, and adapted to position a clamping-device for locking the cutter against the walls of said channel 7, the two guide-ways or channels being shown as intersecting each other.

The clamping-device for securing the cutter is shown as comprising a locking-member or bridge-piece 13, having a body portion, non-contiguous to the stock, and two transverse terminal members or clamping faces, 13′ and 13”, the latter of which is disposed obliquely of the body-portion, so that when in position it will engage the inner face of the bit substantially upon the longitudinal axis thereof. This bridge-clamp is shown as provided with a central aperture or opening adapted for the reception of a clamping thumb-screw 14, the outer screw-threaded end of which engages a correspondingly-threaded aperture or tap, passing through the body portion of the plane, at a point substantially centrally-disposed relatively to the side-walls of the guide-way 12.

A washer 15 may be provided, if desired, between the head of the clamp-screw and the face of the bridge-piece.

It will be seen that, when the cutter is in position and the bridge-clamp is adjusted between the walls of the channel 12, if the body-portion of the clamp is forced or sprung inwardly toward the inner wall of the stock by the clamp-screw, all the pressure exerted will be transmitted to the two locking-faces 13′ and 13”, and that the cutter will be securely engaged and maintained in position, as the side edges of the clamp 13 engage against the walls of the guideway and fill the same so that there can be no movement of the clamp until the screw is released.

Pressure upon the cutter during the operation of the plane is transmitted to the clamp in such a way as to be received against the vertical stop-walls of the guide-way 12, and hence the clamp can not work loose.

At the forward end of the outer side of the stock, a channel or guide-way, shown at 16 as disposed substantially perpendicularly to the sole of the plane, is formed, and said channel is provided with a rearwardly-extending re-
cess or countersunk portion 16′, the transverse wall of which is described by a curve which is shown as approximately a semi-circle, but it will be understood that this recess or countersink might be of a different conformation, if desired. The forward end of the stock is shown herein as undercut to thepoint where the channel 7, or cutter-way, intersects the outer face of the plane to the sole of the runner thereof, but for only a portion of this distance.

An auxiliary reversible, member, designated in a general way by R’, and having reversible runners separately adapted to be brought into alignment with the main runner to form therewith a continuous sole, is shown herein as adapted to be seated within said channel or guide-way, and to be maintained against longitudinal movement, relatively to the stock, by the vertical stop walls, 17 and 18, thereof. This auxiliary runner is shown as of partially rectangular outline —
that is to say, it is formed with parallel front and rear walls, and with transverse parallel soles perpendicular to said front and rear walls. Said duplex runner is shown herein as having at each of its upper and lower ends a runner and a sole, designated, respectively, by 19, 19’, 20 and 20′. Each of said, runners is beveled to correspond with the beveled edge of the runner of the stock, one of said beveled faces being shown in Fig. 1. One end of this auxiliary runner is shown herein as of considerable length, and as having a toe-portion or nose, 20”, extending slightly beyond the forward end of the stock in the manner common to side-rabbet-planes as ordinarily constructed. The other end of said duplex runner is shown as having a very short runner formed by undercutting this end of the auxiliary member for a considerable distance, so that when said auxiliary member is secured to the stock in the position shown in Fig. 4, the construction willbe that of a “bull-nose” plane, the toe-portion or nose of which extends under the forward end of the stock and is but slightly in advance of the cutting edge of the bit. In order that said auxiliary runner may be properly positioned, without unnecessary adjustment thereof, I have shown the same as provided herein with an aperture or opening, extending through the same transversely thereof, at a point centrally located with respect to both the vertical, parallel outer walls and the horizontal, parallel outer walls thereof, and as secured to the stock, within the guide-way 16, by a locking device, which is shown herein as a screw 21, passing through the central opening in said stock and into a correspondingly-threaded opening therein, which latter opening is so placed as to be at the same perpendicular distance from the main sole (extended), as is the opening in the auxiliary, duplex runner from the soles 19′ and 20′. It will, be seen, therefore, that, when the auxiliary stock is secured in position by the screw 21, in either of its positions the sole of the corresponding runner will be in exact alignment with the sole of the runner upon the stock. The parallel, vertical walls of the duplex runner are so disposed as to engage snugly against the corresponding, forward and rearward stop-walls of the guide-way 16, so that longitudinal movement of the auxiliary runner, relatively to the stock, is positively prevented.

It will be understood that the laterally-extending recess 16′ is merely to form a seat for the nose 20″, and may be of any desired outline so long as it is of sufficient area to inclose the same; and also, that the outer faces of the stock and the duplex runner, when the parts are assembled form a continuous, plane surface, which presents no obstruction to the surface against which it may be held when the plane is in use, the head of the screw 21 being flush with or sunken below the outer face of the auxiliary runner, and the point of the clamping screw also being flush with the outer face of the stock.

By means of the reversible, auxiliary member just described it will be evident that, by simply removing the screw 21 and reversing the position of said auxiliary member, the plane may be quickly changed from an ordinary rabbet-plane to a “bull-nose” rabbet-plane and vice versa, without changing any of the parts thereof, so that the plane may be readily and quickly adapted for use for smoothing the sides of grooves or cuts which are continuous from end to end of the material being operated upon, or which extend but part-way along the material and are closed at their ends, which latter require a plane having a very short nose extending but slightly in advance of the cutter. It will also be noticed that the rearward, vertical wall of the auxiliary runner closes the throat of the plane and forms the forward wall of said throat in both of its positions.

A perfect convertible-plane is formed by the combination with the main stock of an auxiliary runner of the character described, whereby the plane may be adapted for use either as an ordinary rabbet-plane or as a “bull-nose” rabbet-plane, by the removal and re-setting of a single screw and the member secured thereby.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a rabbet-plane, the combination with the stock and its runner, of an auxiliary member adapted to be secured to said stock and to close the throat of the plane and having oppositely-disposed runners separately adapted to be brought into alignment with the main runner upon the stock and form with said runner a continuous sole, substantially as described.

2. In a rabbet-plane, the combination with the stock and its runner, and with the cutter secured to said stock, of an auxiliary member adapted to be secured to the stock and to close the throat of the plane and formed with oppositely-disposed runners having respectively projecting and undercut portions forming auxiliary runners adapted to be separately brought into alignment with the main runner upon the stock and to form therewith a continuous sole, whereby said plane is adapted for use either as an ordinary rabbet-plane or as a “bull-nose” rabbet-plane, substantially as described.

3. In a rabbet-plane, the combination with the stock and its runner, and with the cutter secured to said stock, of a vertically-disposed channel or guide-way at the forward end of said stock, a reversible auxiliary member adapted to be seated in said guide-way and having oppositely-disposed long and short runners separately adapted to be brought adjacent to and to close the throat of the plane, and securing means in position and adapted for securing said auxiliary member in said guideway with the sole of either of its runners in alignment with the main sole of the stock, and thereby adapting the plane for use either as an ordinary rabbet-plane or as a “bull-nose” rabbet-plane, substantially as described.

4. In a rabbet-plane, the combination with a stock having a throat open at its forward side, and with a runner carried by said stock, of a reversible duplex auxiliary runner secured to the stock and adapted in either of its positions to close the throat of the plane and to form with the main runner a continuous runner and sole, and stops carried by said stock and adapted to prevent longitudinal movement of said auxiliary runner relatively to the stock, substantially as described.

5. In a rabbet-plane, the combination with a stock having an obliquely-disposed channel, a cutter mounted therein, and a vertically-disposed guide-way intersecting said channel, of a bridge clamp seated in said guide-way and held therein against movement longitudinally of the stock and having remotely-disposed locking-faces one of which is adapted to engage the rear wall of said guide-way and the other of which is adapted to engage the cutter substantially upon the axial line thereof, and a clamping-screw passed through said clamp and into the stock and adapted to bind said clamp to the cutter, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
FRED. J. DOLE,
FREDERICK A. BOLAND.

No. 532,842 – Bench Plane (Justus A. Traut And Edmund A. Schade) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”65″]532842

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 532,842, dated January 22, 1895.
Application filed June 20, 1894. Serial No. 515,114. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and EDMUND A. SCHADE, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class of bench-planes known as “molding-planes,” the object being to provide an improved plane of that class adapted for doing work of a wide range both in form and size, also means for adjusting the diiferent parts of the plane in all directions, in accordance with the work to be done, while maintaining the simplicity, compactness of construction, and readiness of adjustment and manipulation necessary to a practically operative tool of such comprehensive character.

Our present invention is in the nature of an improvement upon the inventions shown in Letters Patent No. 294,825, granted to Justus A. Traut March 11, 1884, and No. 505,119, granted to Eppie J. McCulloch September 19, 1893.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan view of a bench-plane embodying our present improvements. Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 4. is a longitudinal sectional side elevation, in line x–x, Fig. 1, of the parts above said line. Fig. 5 is a similar view of the parts below said line. Fig. 6 is a transverse section in line b–b, Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is an elevation detail of the auxiliary runner hereinafter referred to. Fig. 8 is a similar view of an intermediate runner or gage, also hereinafter referred to. Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional end elevation in line y–y, Fig. 1. Fig. 10 is a detail in side elevation, taken from the right, of an adjustable stop or gage, and adjacent parts, to be hereinafter described. Fig. 11 is a similar view of one of the spurs. Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section in line z–z, Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a detail sectional side elevation of a cutter, its clamping and adjusting devices and adjacent parts. Fig. 14 is a sectional detail in line v–v, Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a similar view in line w–w, Fig. 13. Fig. 16 is a sectional detail in line u–u, Fig. 14. Figs. 17 to 20, inclusive, are sectional rear elevations, showing. various adjustments ot the tool for different kinds of work. Fig. 21 is a similar view of a modification to be hereinafter described.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

According to our present improveinents the body-portion of the plane comprises a main stock A, provided with transversely-arranged rods or pins B and C, upon which an auxiliary stock, designated in a general way by D, is adjustable toward or from the main-stock in lateral direction. The rods or pins also support the end gages E and F, which are adapted to be similarly adjusted in lateral direction, to regulate the distance of the cut from the edge of the piece of board or other material to be operated upon. The usual handle, 72, is provided upon the main stock for actuating the plane, and handles, 73 and 74, are secured to the edge-gages in a manner which will be hereinafter more fully described.

The main-stock has secured thereto, by means of rivets or otherwise, the usual steel blade or runner 75; and an adjustable blade or runner, 2, is mounted upon the auxiliary stock D. In order to provide a clear space at the throat of the plane for the shavings to pass out, the front and rear portions of this adjustable runner 2 are permanently connected, preferably by means of a lateral arch or brace, 3, as shown in detail in Fig. 7. The end portions of the auxiliary stock are also connected and supported in a similar manner by means of a second lateral arch or half-ring brace, 4.

The rods or pins B and C are, preferably, each made of a single piece, and are held securely in place in the sockets, 5 and 6, of the main-stock A, by means of binding-screws, 7 and 7’, which admit of lateral adjustment of the rods when the character of the work requires it.

As clearly shown in Fig. 9, the auxiliary stock D is provided with sleeves, 8 and 9, within which the rods B and C are j ournaled, and upon which rods said sleeves, and the connected parts of the auxiliary stock, have a free, sliding, lateral movement. Each of said sleeves is secured within one of the corresponding sockets, 10 and 11, of the auxiliary stock, and said sockets are usually formed integral with the stock itself and its supporting arch 4. The runner 2, the form thereof shown in Fig. 7, is provided with oblique slots, 12 and 13, and said runner is adjusted upon the stock by the play of said slots upon the sleeves 8 and 9. The adjustable runner is held in place laterally by means of flanges, 8′ and 9′, upon the inner ends of the corresponding sleeves. Milled nuts, 14 and 15, are provided upon the outer screw-threaded ends of the sleeves 8 and 9, to hold said sleeves in place, and also for the purpose of obtaining a secure lateral hold upon the runner 2, by means of the flanges 8′ and 9′, and thereby preventing shifting of said runner in lateral direction. The vertical adjustment of the runner 2 is obtained by means of a long screw-rod, 16, preferably provided with right-and left-hand threads of different pitch, to prevent slipping of the screw. The upper end of the screw passes through the threaded shoulder 17, which is cast integral with the body-portion of the auxiliary stock, while the lower end or point of said screw works within a screw-threaded aperture (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5) in the arch or brace, 3, connecting the front and rear portions of the runner 2. When said screw 16 is turned to the right, — that is, in the usual direction, — the runner will, through its slots 12 and 13, ride down upon the sleeves 8 and 9 ; and conversely, when said screw is turned to the left, the said runner will in the same manner ride up said sleeves. The difference in pitch and direction of the threads upon said screw prevents the slipping of said runner when adjusted to position without further locking; but when desired, the milled nuts 14 and 15 may be turned still farther, to bind the runner firmly in its adjusted position. Binding-screws, 18 and 19, pass through correspondingly-threaded apertures in the sockets 10 and 11, and through longitudinal slots 20 in the sleeves 8 and 9, and impinge and bind against the rods B and C, thus securing the auxiliary stock, with its connected parts, firmly in place upon said rods and in fixed relation laterally to the main-stock A.

Each of the side or edge gages, E and F, is provided with a double sleeve or socket for each of the rods B and C, said sockets being designated in a general way by G. As shown in Fig. 2, said sleeves are formed integral with the body of the gage, are superposed, and are provided with a common binding-screw, 76. This binding-screw works in a threaded aperture, 21, placed transversely and at the median line of the apertures in the sleeves. The points of said screw 76 are beveled, and thus the screws are adapted to bind against the rods B and C, whether said rods are placed in the upper or the lower sleeve-openings, in the manner described in the patents hereinbefore referred to.

For rough work and for work where the plane is set level, the gage E, shown at the right of Fig. 9, is sufficient; but for fine work requiring delicate adjustments of the gage, or an oblique position of the plane with respect to the work, or both, we make use of the adjustable gage F, clearly shown at the left of said Fig. 9. Here the main or fixed rail 77 is provided with the integral sockets 22, two or more in number, and within each of these sockets is a bolt, 23, surrounded by a coiled spring, 24, spanning the space between the inner side of the head of the bolt and the end-wall of the socket, which, as shown, merges into the rail 77. The inner end of said bolt is screw-threaded at 25, as shown, and is set within a correspondingly-threaded aperture in the face of an auxiliary rail 78. The movable rail 78 is adjusted with respect to the main rail 77 by the turning ot the adjusting-screw 79 to the right or left, the force of the spring 24 serving to prevent movement of the parts after the adjustrnent of the movable rail is made. A simple movable rail with a fiat edge or face is sufficient so far as delicacy of adjustment of the gage is concerned; but for tilting the plane to an oblique position, it is necessary that a two-part adjustable rail be provided, the bearing-face of which may oscillate about an axis in the non-oscillatory member thereof.

In Fig. 9, 73 is shown as having a semi-circular rib or tongue upon its inner face, and is provided also with an axially-disposed rod or spindle, 26. The oscillatory rail 80 is concaved to conform to the outline of the rib 27 upon the rail 78; and a screw, 28, passing through the rail 80 and countersunk therein, also passes through a peripheral slot 29 in the rib 27 and is engaged at its point by a threaded recess in the spindle 26. It will, of course, be understood that at least two such connections of the parts 78 and 80 must be made. When the rail 80 is to be adjusted, the set-screw 28 is loosened slightly, and said rail oscillated upon the axis 26 until it is in the proper position, when it is locked there by tightening the screw. By means of this two-part adjustable gage or rail, the plane may be set to any desired slant to conform to the character of the work to be done.

Upon a post on the forward end of the auxiliary stock D, said post being designated in a general way by I, is adjustably mounted a third or intermediate blade or runner 30. The mounting of said runner will now be described, as this feature is one of the essential points of this invention. Working within a transverse guide-way, the lower wall of which is shown at 31, in Figs. 2, 6 and 9, is a laterally-movable slide, 32, that is adapted to be locked in position, when adjusted, by means of a binding-screw 33 and washer 34; the body of the screw working in a guide-slot, 35, traversing said slide longitudinally for the greater portion of its length. From the inner end of said slide rises a post or bracket, designated in a general way by 36, and the inner face of said post is provided with a vertical guide-way, the inner wall of which is shown at 37, in Figs. 6 and 9. The vertical arm 30′ of the intermediate runner 30 is adapted for vertical movement in said guide-way, and is locked, when set in position, by means of a binding-screw and washer, 38 and 39, in the manner just before described, the body of the screw working in the slot or guide 40 in the vertical arm of the runner 30. A fine adjustment of said runner in a vertical direction is secured in the following manner: The post 36 is provided with a vertically-threaded bore parallel with the arm 35 of the intermediate runner, and within this bore is set a threaded rod or spindle, 41. A nut, 42, is adapted to ride up and down the thread of said rod, and carries with it a flange, 43, working in a corresponding slot or recess, 44, in the outer face of the vertical portion of the intermediate runner 30, whereby said intermediate runner is adjusted in vertical direction as desired. When so adjusted, the runner is locked in position in the manner just described. It will be seen that we thus provide both a vertical and a lateral adjustment for this runner, and that these adjustments can be as readily effected as the adjustments of the runner 2 upon the auxiliary stock. These adjustments, moreover, are entirely independent of the adjustments of the auxiliary runner 2, as the adjusting-slides and guide-ways are mounted upon a fixed portion of the toe of the auxiliary stock.

While both of the movable runners are adjusted vertically and laterally, independently of each other, and while each is also independently adjustable, vertically and laterally, of the fixed runner on the main stock A, there is a certain dependency of adjustment of the movable runners, due, however, solely to the inclination of the plane, when at work in a position similar to those shown in Figs. 18, 20 and 21.

For the purposes of our present invention, it is immaterial whether the intermediate runner and its adjusting-means are placed upon the auxiliary stock or upon the main stock, as the intermediate gage would be actuated and controlled in the same manner and perform the same functions in both cases. In Fig. 21 we have shown the said runner, with its adjusting-slides, guides, and adjusting and clamping-screws, mounted upon the main stock, A, of the plane.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 13 to 16, inclusive, the adjusting and clamping-devices for the cutter, or plane iron, will now be described.

45 designates the cutter, which is secured to the adjusting-screw 46 by means of a pin-and-slot connection 47, said screw working in registering threaded apertures in the bracket 46′ and being controlled, in the usual manner, by means of a hand-wheel 48. As will be seen from Fig. 1, the slot in the cutter is upon the extreme outer edge, in line with the edge-wall of the cutter-slot, to adapt the plane for use with wide or narrow irons. Rotation of the adjusting-screw is prevented by means of a pin, 49, working in the longitudinal slot or groove 50 in said screw. When the cutter has been adjusted to the proper depth, it is clamped in position by means of a clamping wedge-bolt, designated in a general way by 51, and working in an aperture or bore, 52, extending entirely through the main stock transversely but in a slightly oblique direction. The head 51′ of this bolt is beveled off to conform with the inner side of the main stock, and the lower face thereof, which binds against the upper side of the cutter 45, is filed off obliquely, as shown at 512, to form a wedge adapted to be crowded against the said face of the cutter and clamp the cutter against the rear wall 53 of the cutter-slot. As will be seen, the action of this clamping-bolt is such that when it is drawn into its bore 52 by the rotation in the corresponding direction of the nut 54, it will wedge against and clamp the cutter in place; while when it is forced out of the said bore by the turning of the nut in the opposite direction, it rises away from and unlocks the cutter. This wedging action, as will be seen, admits of the clamping in position of very wide or very narrow cutters as well as very thick or very thin cutters. In the upper face of the head 51′ of the clamping-bolt, is a slot, 513, co-operating with a pin, 55, passed through the upper wall of the main stock downwardly into the bore 52. This pin-and-slot connection prevents rotation of the clamping-bolt when actuated by the turning of the nut 54, so that only a reciprocatory movement will be imparted to the bolt by the nut. The nut 54 is provided with a circumferential groove or slot, 54’, and is held in place against the outer wall of the main stock, and just within the entrance to the bore 52, by means of a holding-plate, 56, surrounding the narrow portion of the nut at said slot or groove and held to the main stock by means of a set-screw 57. The nut is thus free to turn without danger of falling out of the bore 52.

Directly in front of the clamping-device for the cutter, and upon the outer side of the main stock near the toe thereof, is a depth-gage, or stop, designated in a general way by K, and clearly shown in Figs. 9 and 10. As shown, this gage consists of a face-plate, 81, having a perpendicular adjusting rod or post screw-threaded at 82. This adjusting-rod or bolt works in the vertical bore of a socket, 58, integral with the main stock of the plane, and is raised or lowered by means of a flanged nut, 59, the flange 59′ of which works in a transverse slot or groove, 58’, in said socket, the construction being similar to that of the nut 42 for adjusting the intermediate gage or runner 30. A clamp-nut, 592, holds the screw-post in place when adjusted. A scale, 60, is provided upon the main runner, for convenience of adjustment of the depth-gage, Both the depth-gage and its scale may be duplicated upon the outer side of the auxiliary runner, if desired, the socket for the gage being shown at 61 in Fig. 3, and the scale at 62 in Fig. 2.

When using the cutter or plane-iron as a plow, we throw into operation a spur, 63, rectangular in its general outline, but having rounded spur-points, 63′ and 632. A longitudinal slot, 633, with sloping or beveled walls, extends through the body of the spur and forms a guide-way for a conical-headed set-screw, 64. This spur is set into a vertical recess, 65, in the runner of the main stock, (see Fig. 11) and the spur is held in place within said recess by the expansion of its side-walls by the screw 64 when said screw is forced home within its seat, — the threaded aperture that extends through the main-stock runner transversely, as shown in Fig. 12. A second spur, 66, (as shown in Fig. 2,) is secured to the outer side of the auxiliary runner 2. This arrangement forms a very effective means for locking the spur firmly in place, and is very simple in construction. Either one of the two points of the spur may be brought into operation by removing and re-setting the screw 64, and the spur locked in position against the walls of the runner by the expansion of the thin sides thereof by the screw.

The side-gages or fences are interchangeable and may be used upon either side of the body of the plane. Moreover, the plane-gage E may not only be used upon either side of the stock, but it may also be reversed so that the handle will be nearest the body of the plane, and the rail or face-plate farthest therefrom. This arrangement of the gage is intended particularly for center-beading wide material, for which a very long reach is necessary. This gage, therefore, has its rail or face-plate ground with parallel sides, 67 and 68, so that the work. may be held properly whichever side may be in use. The under sides of the arms, 69, of the gage E are also ground at the points 70 to a plane parallel with the plane of the sole 71 of the rail or face-plate These upper stops thus form a guide or bearing-face on which to run the plane when used upon wide material for center-beading, &c.

The bearings, G, of the side-gages are connected by the handles 73 and 74, in such a manner that they are brought into the proper position for holding the plane with the hand which is not used for grasping the main handle 72. By means of the two side-edges, the material to be operated upon may be held firmly between the two face-plates or rails, so as to steady the plane laterally, and thus, in connection with the runners upon the main and auxiliary stocks, hold the plane to its course. We consider this as of importance, especially when a workman has to use the plane continuously for a considerable period of time. Another advantage arising from the use of two side-gages is that one of them may be set lower than the other, the rods B and C being put through the upper of the bearings G in one gage and through the lower bearings in the other gage, according to the character of the molding to be produced by the work-man. When the side-gage is carried by the rods in the upper bearings thereof, the face-plate or rail of the gage will usually extend below the cutter, so that, if desired, only a portion of the full width of the cutter may be used. Under some circumstances, the said rail may also extend below the cutter when carried by the rods in its lower bearings. The adjustable rail of the gage F is, preferably, provided with an overhanging flange, 83, in order to prevent the choking of the space between the adjustable rail and the main body by the falling of chips and shavings therein.

In Figs. 17 to 21, inclusive, we have illustrated a number of different arrangements or adjustments of the parts of our improved plane for different kinds of work. In Fig. 17 is shown the adjustment for making a tongue. Here the intermediate runner or gage 30 is set for the depth of the tongue, with the main and auxiliary runners at the same level, the side-gages being adjusted to engage the faces of the board. The corresponding groove in the opposite piece of material is made by substituting a proper grooving-cutter for the deep-slotted cutter used for forming the tongue, the position of the intermediate runner being correspondingly altered.

Figs. 19 and 20 illustrate different adjustments of the runners for plain molding from opposite sides of the piece of material. Fig. 21 illustrates a somewhat different adjustment of the runners to that shown in Fig. 20; but here the intermediate runner is mounted upon the main stock of the plane, and the adjustable side gage disposed at the opposite side of the work.

A further modification of the adjustable rail of the side gage F is here shown, at 84, as permitting both upward and downward tilting of the gage, whereby additional adjustability is provided therefor.

We consider as of especial importance the addition to a bench-plane having an auxiliary runner, vertically and laterally adjustable, of a third runner intermediate of the main and auxiliary runners, as by the use of such third runner a central and more perfect bearing-surface is secured for the plane, and the work of the cutter more perfectly and thoroughly accomplished, especially in beading, center-beading, and grooving or rabbeting.

All of the runners are relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another, so that they will track in correspondingly-narrow and relatively-adjacent grooves or channels in the work, as in forming narrow beads close together upon the material.

As the control of the adjustments of the intermediate gage is entirely independent of the adjustments of the auxiliary runner, readiness of manipulation is assured, and both hands of the workman may be used to simultaneously set the two adjustable runners to the positions desired. As before stated, it is immaterial whether this third gage be mounted upon the main or the anxiliary stock, as the adjustments can be as readily made from the one part of the tool as from the other. It will be observed that a very fine adjustment of this gage is obtained by means of the nut 42 riding upon the spindle 41, and carrying with it the runner. A substantially similar fine adjustment of the depth-gage or gages is also provided, which insures greater accuracy and precision in the laying out of the work to be done. The same may be said of the adjustment of the auxiliary gage or runner by means of its threaded bolt or spindle working in the fixed bracket or shoulder of the auxiliary stock; and a very stiff support is formed by this construction in connection with the clamping-sleeves and nuts upon the supporting-rods for the side-gages of the auxiliary stock. This clamping-sleeve and nut, in connection with the thumb-screws passing through the bore of the bearing of the auxiliary stock and through the slot in the sleeve, form a very secure and rigid clamping-means for holding the stock to said rod and the auxiliary runner to the inner face of the stop by means of the flanged inner end of the sleeve; as by means of the nut upon the outer end of said sleeve the gripping effect of said flange may be increased or diminished at will, to accord with the work being done.

The adjustment and locking of the cutter or plane-iron may be also very perfectly controlled by the setting of the cutter by means of the screw-post or spindle and hand-wheel, and the locking of the clamping wedge-bolt set at an angle sufficient to compensate for variations in thickness of different cutters. By means of the pin-and-slot connection, a very narrow cutter can be as perfectly set and clamped in place as a very wide one. Moreover, the adjusting-nut for said clamping-bolt is at all times in position for use, and cannot possibly be displaced or lost without removing its locking-plate.

By means of the side-gages, an approximate adjustment thereof upon the rods B and C may be obtained, and said gages then locked in position by the usual clamp-screws. A subsequent fine adjustment of the gage having the adjustable rail or face-plate is then effected by the turning of the adjusting-screw 79, which forces said adjustable rail away from the main fixed rail in opposition to the action of the springs. Various modiiications of this adjustable gage may be made, so long as the principle thereof — viz: normally holding said parts together by spring-pressure, and gradually separating them to regulate the distance of the adjustable rail from the fixed rail — is adhered to. As the two side-gages are interchangeable, it will be readily seen that our improved plane can be quickly and easily adjusted to any position for any kind of work, and that mutual adjustability of parts is not confined to the movable runners alone, but is also present in the gages as well. In addition to this, the position of the fixed gage can be reversed at either side of the stock, so as to accommodate material of either narrow or broad widths, a feature of special importance in center-beading upon wide material. The additional vertical adjustments of the gages rendered possible by inserting the rods in either the upper or the lower bearings are also of importance in using a cutter having its cutting-point considerably in advance of its cutting-heel, as one of the gages can then rest in its upper bearings while the other rests in the corresponding lower bearings. It also enables the workman to use either the full width of his cutter or only a portion thereof. The reversibility of the fixed gage is also a very useful characteristic when operating upon wide pieces, as the under sides of the connecting arms joining the fixed rail and the bearings of said gage, being in a plane parallel with the sole of the gage, rest upon the upper edge of the work and practically form a depth-gage therefor, thus steadying the plane, when working upon wide material, in a very perfect manner; and in connection with the outer face of the gage-rail, which is then in contact with the side of the material, a guide is formed which is as accurately adjusted with respect to the work as when the gage is in its usual position. The very long reach obtained by this reversal is, as before stated, especially useful for center-beading work.

The connection of the bearings of the auxiliary stock, and of the toe and heel portions of the auxiliary runner, by means of stiff arches or half-ring braces, forming between them one side of the plane-throat and affording ample clearance for the shavings and chips thrown out by the cutter, is a structural detail which we have found to be of very material importance in actual practice.

The clamping-device for the cutter or plow-iron is not essentially different from those now in use, except that it is placed obliquely to the cutter and the wedge corresponding in shape. By this means we obtain a much firmer hold upon the iron, and the cutter is, moreover, much more readily clamped and unlocked.

Having thus described our invention, we claim —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and its runner, of an adjustable auxiliary stock and runner, an independently-adjustable runner intermediate of said main and auxiliary stocks and carried by one of said stocks and adapted to form a central bearing-face for the plane, and means for positively maintaining said last-mentioned runner in its several positions independently of said first-mentioned runner, all of the runners being relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another whereby said runners will track in correspondingly-narrow and relatively-adjacent grooves or channels in the work, substantially as described.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main-stock and its runner, of an auxiliary stock laterally adjustable with respect to the main stock, an auxiliary runner mounted upon said auxiliary stock and vertically adjustable thereon, a runner having independent vertical and lateral adjustments with respect to the main and auxiliary runners and carried by one of said stocks and adapted to form a central bearing-face for the plane, and means for positively maintaining said last-mentioned runner in its several positions independently of said first-mentioned runners, all of the runners being relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another whereby said runners will track in correspondingly-narrow and relatively adjacent grooves or channels in the work, substantially as described.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and its runner, of an auxiliary stock laterally adjustable with respect to the main stock, an auxiliary runner mounted upon said auxiliary stock and vertically adjustable thereon, a third runner also mounted upon the auxiliary stock and adjustable thereon independently of the auxiliary runner and adapted to form a central bearing-face for the plane, and means for positively maintaining said third runner in its several positions independently of the first-mentioned runners, all of the runners being relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another whereby said runners will track in correspondingly — narrow and relatively — adjacent grooves or channels in the work, substantially as described.

4. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and its runner, of an auxiliary stock laterally adjustable with respect to the main stock, an auxiliary runner mounted upon said auxiliary stock and vertically adjustable thereon, and a third runner also mounted upon the auxiliary stock and vertically and laterally adjustable thereon independently of the auxiliary runner and adapted to form a central bearing-face for the plane, and means for positively maintaining said third runner in its several positions independently of the first-mentioned runners, all of the runners being relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another whereby said runners will traclr in correspondingly – narrow and relatively – adjacent grooves or channels in the work, substantially as described.

5. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main and auxiliary stocks and runners, of a third runner intermediate of the main and auxiliary runners and carried by one of said stocks and adapted to form a central bearing-face for the plane, a vertical adjusting-arm or slide for said third runner, a laterally-adjustable guide fixed against vertical movement with respect to the main and auxiliary runners, a clamping device for said lateral guide, a threaded spindle upon said guide, a nut traveling upon the spindle and carrying with it the vertical arm of the runner, and a clamping-device for said arm, and adapted to lock said third runner in its vertically-adjusted position, all of the runners being relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another whereby said runners will track in correspondingly — narrow and relatively — adjacent grooves or channels in the work, substantially as described.

6. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and its runner, of lateral rods extending from said main stock, an auxiliary stock mounted upon said rods and adjustable in lateral direction thereon, an auxiliary runner having oblique parallel guides adapted to engage said rods to positively maintain said runner in parallelism with the cutter or plane-iron, and an adjusting-screw working in a bore in the auxiliary stool; in parallelism with said oblique guides and controlling the vertical adjustment of t.he auxiliary runner and adapted to transmit the force ot said runner to the auxiliary stock in a line parallel with said guides, whereby said auxiliary stock forms a positive stop for said runner longitudinally of the adjusting-screw and maintains said runner securely in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

7. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and its runner, of lateral rods extending from said main stock, an auxiliary stock mounted upon said rods and adjustable in lateral direction thereon, an auxiliary runner having oblique parallel guides adapted to engage said rods and to positively maintain said runner in parallelism with the cutter or plane-iron, and a right-and-left-hand adjusting-screw working in a bore in the auxiliary stock in parallelism with said oblique guides and controlling the vertical adjustment of the auxiliary runner and adapted to transmit the force of said runner to the auxiliary stock in a line parallel with said guides, whereby said auxiliary stock forms a positive stop for said runner longitudinally of the adjustingscrew and maintains said runner securely in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

8. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock; and runner, of lateral rods extending frorn said main stock, flanged sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, an auxiliary runner guided upon said rods obliquely parallel with the cutter or plane-iron and supported laterally between the flanges of said sleeves and the adjacent bearing-faces of the auxiliary stock, and an adjusting-screw mounted upon the auxiliary stock and controlling the vertical adjustment of the auxiliary runner and adapted to maintain said auxiliary runner in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

9. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, of lateral rods extending from the main stock, screw-threaded flanged sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, an auxiliary runner guided upon said rods obliquely parallel with the cutter or plane-iron, and supported laterally between the flanges of said sleeves and the adjacent bearing-faces of the auxiliary stock, adjusting-nuts upon said sleeves, and an adjusting-screw mounted upon the auxiliary stock and controlling the vertical adjustment of the auxiliary runner and adapted to maintain said auxiliary runner in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

10. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock, and lateral rods extending therefrom, of an auxiliary stock having bearings in line with said rods, laterally-adjust able flanged sleeves carried in said bearings and mounted upon said rods, the flanges of said sleeves adapted to carry between them and the adjacent bearing-faces of the auxiliary stock the auxiliary runner and thereby positively maintain said auxiliary runner against lateral movement, registering-apertures in the bearings and sleeves, and clamp-screws working in said apertures and adapted to lock the auxiliary stock to the rods, substantially as described.

11. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of an auxiliary stock and runner, laterally-adjustable sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, and means carried by said sleeves forming with the auxiliary stock vertical guides adapted for directing the corresponding movements of the auxiliary runner and for positively locking said auxiliary runner against lateral displacement, substantially as described.

12. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of an auxiliary stock and runner, laterally-adjustable sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings inthe auxiliary stock, means upon said sleeves engaging the auxiliary runner, and means for clamping said sleeves and runner aud forming with the auxiliary stock vertical guides adapted for directing the corresponding movements of the auxiliary runner and for positively locking said auxiliary runner against lateral displacement laterally in their adusted positions, substantially as described.

13. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of an auxiliary stock, and runner, means for adjusting said runner vertically upon the auxiliary stock, and laterally-adjustable sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, said sleeves adapted to engage the auxiliary runner and form with the auxiliary stock vertical guides for directing the corresponding movements of the auxiliary runner and for positively clamping said auxiliary runner laterally in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

14. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of an auxiliary stock, and runner, laterally adjustable sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, means upon said sleeves and co-operating with the face of the auxiliary stock adjacent to said sleeves for clamping the auxiliary runner laterally in its adjusted position, and means for simultaneously clamping the auxiliary stock and sleeves to the rods, substantially as described.

15. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of the auxiliary stock and runner, laterally-adjustable sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, means upon said sleeves and co-operating with the face of the auxiliary stock adjacent to said sleeves for clamping the auxiliary runner laterally in its adjusted position, registering-apertures in the bearings and sleeves, and clamp-screws working in said apertures and adapted to lock the auxiliary stock and the sleeves to the rods, substantially as described.

16. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, lateral rods extending from said stock, and an auxiliary stock and runner mounted upon said rods, of gages also mounted upon said rods and upon each side of the body of the plane and adjustable toward and from the stock and adapted to engage the lateral faces of the work and to be positively held thereby against lateral movement relatively to the work when said gages are clamped to the rods, substantially as described.

17. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of a laterally-adjustable side-gage mounted upon said rods and having an auxiliary member laterally and radially adjustable independently of the body of the gage and relatively thereto, and a resilient connection between said auxiliary member and the body of the gage and adapted to hold said members normally in engagement with each other, substantially as described.

18. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and Iateral rods extending from said stock, of a laterally-adjustable side-gage mounted upon said rods and having a two-part movable rail comprising an intermediate member laterally-adjustable independently of the body of the gage and in parallelism therewith, an oscillatory face-plate hinged to said intermediate member, and a locking-means for said two-part rail, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
FRED. J. DOLE,
ROBT. U. RUDDELL.