Tag: 1899

No. 637,463 – Router (Reuben Hegarty) (1899)

[paiddownloads id=”541″]637463

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

REUBEN HEGARTY, OF BIGLER, CLEARFIELD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA,
ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO PEARL T. DAVIS, OF CLEARFIELD, PENNSYLVANIA.

ROUTER.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 637,463, dated November 21, 1899.
Application filed March 18, 1899. Serial No. 709,562. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, REUBEN HEGARTY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bigler township, in the county of Clearfield and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Routers; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The invention has relation to routers.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple, durable, and inexpensive tool of this character which will perform its work in an efficient and rapid manner, making a cut on each stroke, both forward and backward.

With this object in view the invention consists in certain features of construction and combination of parts, which will be hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved tool. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view through the cutting-head of the tool. Fig. 3 is an end view of the cutting-head of the tool. Fig. 4 is a modification.

In the drawings, 1 denotes the cutting-head of the tool, 2 its shank, and 3 its handle. The cutting-head of the tool is provided with two longitudinal vertical cutters 4 and with two chisel-shaped transverse end cutters 5 and 6, which are arranged above the cutting edges of the longitudinal cutters 4 and intermediate the extreme ends of said cutters 4.

In operation on the forward stroke of the tool the longitudinal cutters will make the vertical cut and the transverse cutter 5 will make the horizontal cut. On the return stroke of the tool the longitudinal cutters will make the vertical cut and the cutter 6 will make the horizontal cut. It will thus be seen that the tool cuts on its forward and backward stroke.

Various changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of this invention. For instance, if desired, the shank may be made straight, as shown in Fig. 4, and one (preferably the rear) transverse cutter rnay be dispensed with. Of course in this construction there would not be a cut at each movement of the tool.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is —

1. A tool consisting of a handle, a shank, and a cutter-head, the handle and shank projecting upwardly and rearwardly of the cutter-head, said cutter-head formed with longitudinal cutting edges and with transverse cutting edges arranged at either end of the head and above the longitudinal cutting edges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. A tool consisting of a handle, a shank, and a cutter-head, the handle and shank projecting upwardly and rearwardly of the cutter-head, said cutter-head formed with longitudinal cutting edges and with transverse cutting edges arranged at either end of the head above and between the sides of the longitudinal cutting edges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. A tool consisting of a handle, a shank, and a cutter-head, the handle and shank projecting upwardly and rearwardly of the cutter-head, said cutter-head formed with longitudinal cutting edges and with transverse cutting edges arranged at either end of the head and above and intermediate the ends of the longitudinal cutting edges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. A tool consisting of a handle, a shank and a cutter-head, the handle and shank projecting upwardly and rearwardly of the cutter-head, said cutter-head formed with longitudinal cutting edges and with transverse cutting edges arranged at either end of the head and above and intermediate the length and between the edges of the longitudinal cutting edges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. A tool consisting of a handle, a shank, and a cutter-head, the handle and shank projecting upwardly and rearwardly of the cutter-head, said cutter-head formed with longitudinal cutting edges and with a transverse cutting edge arranged at one of the ends of the head above the longitudinel cutting edges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

REUBEN HEGARTY.

Witnesses:
DENTON BEEMAN,
C. L. CORNELY.

No. 636,830 – Bench-Plane (Henry Miller) (1899)

[paiddownloads id=”540″]636830

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY MILLER, OF MEXICO, PENNSYLVANIA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 636,830, dated November 14, 1899.
Application filed October 29, 1898. Serial No. 694,958. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY MILLER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Mexico, in the county of Juniata and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Bench-Plane, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to bench-planes; and it has for its object to equip a plane of this character with improved bit-adjusting mechanism which shall provide simple and efficient means for positively and quickly adjusting the bit or knife of the plane to a proper working position.

To this end the main and primary object of the invention is to provide an improved bit-adjusting device for planes having means for effecting a compound adjustment of the bit — to wit, a longitudinal adjustment to secure the proper “set” of the cutting edge in the bit-opening and a lateral adjustment to accurately center the bit.

A further object of the invention is to provide improved means in connection with the bit-adjusting device for securely holding the clamping-plate of the bit, so as to prevent longitudinal displacement thereof after the parts have been set and tightened up.

With these and other objects in view, which will readily appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described, illustrated, and claimed.

While the improvements contemplated by the present invention are necessarily susceptible to modidcation without departing from the principle or scope of the invention, still the preferred embodiment thereof is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan view of a bench-plane fitted with the improvements contemplated by the invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the plane. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the plane-stock equipped with the improvements and showing the plane bit or knife and the clamping-plate therefor removed.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the numeral 1 designates the plane-stock of an ordinary bench or smoothing plane, provided near its opposite ends with the usual handle and knob, (designated by the numerals 2 and 3, respectively,) and at an intermediate point the said plane-stock is provided with the mouth 4, communicating with the transverse bit-opening 5 at the under side of the stock and receiving therein the plane bit or knife 6. The plane bit or knife 6 is arranged in the usual inclined position within the mouth 4, with its cutting end disposed in the transverse bit-opening 5, and said plane bit or knife 6 has fitted to the upper side thereof the usual adjustable cap-plate or back iron 7, whose lower end is beveled and adjustable relatively to the cutting end of the bit or knife 6 in the usual manner, according to the character of the work required of the plane. Cooperating with the plane bit or knife 6 and the cap-plate 7 is the clamping-plate 8, which is arranged on top of the latter and carries at its upper end the clamping-screw 9, whose inner end works against a clamping-spring 10, secured fast at one end to the under side of the plate 8 and adapted to have its free end pressed by the screw 9 tightly against the cap-plate of the plane bit or knife to provide for clamping the same rigid after being set, this combination and arrangement of parts being common to most of the ordinary types of bench or smoothing planes.

To provide for adapting the adjusting device or mechanism to the parts of the plane just described, a guide-boxing 11 is securely fastened at its lower end by means of screws or other suitable fasteners within the plane-mouth 4, and said guide-boxing 11 is provided with a central longitudinal channel or way 12 and opposite side rest-flanges 13, which follow the inclination of the blade-seat next to the transverse bit-opening 5, so as to form an even rest or support for the plane bit or knife. The said guide-boxing 11, by reason of its inclination and the provision of the flanges 13, forms an extended inclined support or rest for the plane bit or knife 6, and the longitudinal channel or guideway of said boxing accommodates for movement therein a slide-block 14, to which is swiveled one end of an adjusting-screw 15, working through a fixed nut 16, secured fast to the boxing, near the upper end thereof, and the upper outer end of said adjusting-screw 15 carries an adjusting disk or wheel 17, which by being turned provides for the sliding movement of the block 14 in the direction desired.

The slide-block 14 has pivotally mounted thereon a laterally-swinging adjusting-lever 18, which lever is provided below its pivotal connection with the block with an upstanding stud 19, having a loose or pivotal engagement in the stud-opening 20, formed in the plane bit or knife G or the cap-plate thereof. At its upper outer end, which projects beyond the upper end of the boxing 11, the said lever 18 is provided with a laterally-deflected thumb-piece 21, which is grasped to provide for swinging or adjusting the lever on its pivot.

From the foregoing it will be readily understood that in order to secure the longitudinal adjustment of the plane bit or knife to provide for the proper set of its cutting edge in the bit-opening it is simply necessary to turn the disk or wheel 17, which will cause a longitudinal movement of the slide-block, as well as the adjusting-lever 18, carried thereby, and which connects with the plane bit or knife. To correct any angularity of the bit or knife and thereby properly center the same, a lateral movement of the adjusting-lever on its pivot will effect this result, and at this point it will be observed that the adjusting-lever and the plane bit or knife are arranged in substantial parallelism, thereby permitting the adjusting-screw a free play through the entire length of its threaded portion, while at the same time providing for exerting a direct longitudinal pressure on the bit in adjusting the same backward or forward, which would not be the case if the adjusting-screw were arranged at an angle to the plane of the bit.

In addition to the adjusting device described the present invention also contemplates the use of a pair of holding-arms 22. These holding-arms 22 are fitted to the guide-boxing, within the plane-mouth, at opposite sides thereof and at right angles to the inclination of the plane bit or knife, and at their upper ends the said holding-arms are provided with inwardly-projecting gripping-lugs 23, which overhang the side edges of the clamping-plate 8, and are provided with pointed edges 24, engaging superlicial serrations 25 at opposite edges of the clamping-plate 8. This construction prevents longitudinal displacement of the clamping-plate 8 after the parts have been properly set and tightened up by means of the screw 9.

From the foregoing it is thought that the construction, operation, and many advantages of the herein-described plane attachment will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art without further description, and it will be understood that changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the principle or sacrificing any of the advantages of this invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, the combination with the stock and the bit or knife, of a channeled guide-boxing fitted to the stock, a longitudinally-adjustable slide-block completely housed and concealed within the channel of the boxing, and a laterally-swinging adjusting-lever pivoted between its ends to the block and provided at its lower end with an upturned stud loosely engaging with the bit or knife, substantially as set forth.

2. In a plane, the combination with the stock, and the bit or knife, of a channeled guide-boxing fitted to the stock, a fixed nut housed within the boxing at or near its upper end, a slide-block registering and concealed within the channel of the boxing, an adjusting-screw mounted in said nut and having a connection with the slide-block, and a laterally-swinging adjusting-lever pivoted between its ends to the block and provided with an upturned stud loosely engaging with the bit or knife, substantially as set forth.

3. In a plane, the combination with the stock, the bit or knife, and the clamping-plate, of a guide-boxing fitted to the stock, adjusting devices for the bit or knife arranged within the guide-boxing, and a pair of holding-arms fitted to the guide-boxing at opposite sides thereof, within the plane-mouth, and provided at their upper ends with inwardly-projecting gripping-lugs overhanging and engaging the side edges of the clamping-plate, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

HENRY MILLER.

Witnesses:
SAMUEL LAPP,
W. N. ZEIDERS.

No. 620,226 – Joiner’s Plane (John M. Cole) (1899)

[paiddownloads id=”539″]620226

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN M. COLE, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO,
ASSIGNOR TO JOHN J. TOWER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 620,226, dated February 28, 1899.
Application filed October 14, 1898. Serial No. 693,563. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN M. COLE, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

My present invention relates to joiners’ or bench planes and is in the nature of an improvement upon the invention shown in Letters Patent No. 504,562, issued to me September 5, 1893.

The objects of my present invention are to render such planes convertible at will and to adapt them by simple and novel mechanisms for doing a very wide range of different classes of work without necessity of multiplicity or complication of parts, so that they may be of especial convenience and usefulness to journeyman workmen and others.

The leading feature of my present invention is comprised in such a construction and arrangement of the throat and of the bit holding and adjustment mechanisms as will permit ready substitution for the broad full-width bits commonly used in this class of planes of bits for different purposes of varying widths and any required conformation of cutting edge and in providing such mechanisms with a means and construction whereby these bits may by manipulation at the will of the operator without loss of time while at work be instantly and sensitively set farther and farther down just prior to each succeeding forward stroke when planing to plane to any desired depth into the wood below the bottom of the stock without blades, runners, or the usual depth-gages, so that with the use of any attachable and suitably adjustable or adjusted fence and of bits of required conformation joiners’ or bench planes may be instantly converted to do any of many classes of work, such as mitering, miter-grooving and miter-tonguing, tonguing, grooving, beading, center-beading, plowing, inside and outside fillistering or rabbeting, chamfering, slitting, dadoing, diagonal or cross-grain channeling, and edge-molding work of any description.

My invention is further comprised in a novel form of universally-adjustable single-rail fence specially well adapted for use in carrying out these features and in certain other novel forms, devices, functional arrangement, and combination of parts, all of which will hereinafter be fully described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a left-hand side elevation of a plane fully assembled containing all of my above-outlined improvements. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central vertical sectional view of the same, with rear part of the stock and the handle shown in full and a hand shown in position on said handle, illustrating in part the construction and operation of the leading features of my invention. Fig. 2a is a left-hand side elevation similar to Fig. 1, with parts of the stock and fence broken away, further illustrating the operation of the leading features of my invention. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on dotted line 3 3 of Fig. 2, further illustrating the construction and operation of parts of my invention. Fig. 4 is a cross-section on dotted line 4 4 of Fig. 2, further illustrating the construction of certain parts. Fig. 5 is a top side view of the plane-bit bed. Fig. 6 is a bottom side view of the plane-bit clamp-plate with thumb cramp-screw in place. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal central vertical sectional view, similar to Fig. 2, of my improved plane with the fence removed, which represents the same as it is when used as a joiner’s or bench plane. Fig. 8 illustrates the usual type of broad bit used in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a front view of my improved plane adapted to grooving. Fig. 10 is a front view of same, showing its adaptation for mitering and miter-grooving. Fig. 11 is a front view of same, showing its adaptation for inside rabbeting and fillistering. Fig. 12 illustrates a grooving-bit. Fig. 13 is a right-hand side elevation further showing the construction, arrangement, and operation of my improved plane when used as shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 14 illustrates the form of bit that may be used in the work illustrated by Figs. 11 and 13. Fig. 15 is a slitting-bit which my improved plane is adapted to use. Fig. 16 is a plan view of a form of shavings-breaker, shown in Figs. 2 and 2a, which may be employed. Fig. 17 is a front view of my improved plane as adapted for side fillistering or rabbeting. Fig. 18 illustrates one form of bit that may be used as in Fig. 17. Fig. 19 is a front view of my improved plane, illustrating its adaptation for chamfering. Fig. 20 illustrates a form of bit that may be used as in Fig. 19, and Figs. 21 and 22 illustrate a form of bit that may be used in my improved plane for cross-grain channeling.

The several figures will hereinafter be more fully described in detail.

Like letters and numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the respective figures.

A is the stock of the plane, which is of the usual cast-iron pattern, provided with inwardly-projected inclined lugs a a, to which is rigidly secured a bed B by means of screws b b, and provided also with a handle H, a longitudinally-movable slide or throat piece C, screw-knob D, operatively secured to the boss c of said slide or throat piece by a bolt d, rigidly united to the latter and passing through a slot e in the upper wall of a recess f, said stock being provided also with holes g g g’ g’ laterally through the sides thereof, g g of which are surrounded with strengthening-bosses h h, and g’ g’ preferably passing through the lugs a a. The bed B has ledges i i, which are cut away at j j, and above this point they are united by cross-pieces k l, extending downward, the first of which is hollowed out on its upper side at m. These ledges i i in the upper section of the bed are carried down to form walls n n, upon the external side of one of which I place graduation-marks, as shown at o.

In the downwardly-extending cross-pieces k l is journaled and held against longitudinal play a screw-threaded rod p, provided at its uppermost end with a gnarled or milled head q, located so as to be within easy reach of and to be operated by the thumb and finger of the operator. This rod p is preferably made with a left-hand screw-thread. A traveling nut r, correspondingly threaded and carried integrally on a slide s, engages the threaded rod p, so that the former may be moved by the latter up and down on the upper part of the ledges i i. The journal-holes for the screw-threaded rod p are elongated above and below the latter at t t t t, so that there can be no cramping or binding of the rod in the nut r as it travels along its length.

E is a substantially H-shaped holder provided with a screw-threaded socket and clamp-screw u for clamping the bit F and bit-clamp plate G together and connecting the same to the bed B by means of the lower portion of the ledges i i.

The bit-clamp plate G is provided with a gnarled headed cramp-screw I, which passes through its upper end from the top side, the bearing end of which is reduced, so as to engage any one of the sockets v v’ v” in the slide s. It is also provided with a slot w, longitudinally its center, preferably just wide enough to admit the shank of the clamp-screw u, and also has a rib as on its under side at the transversely-reduced upper portion to strengthen the latter.

16y is a shavings-breaker having a hole a’ for entrance of the clamp-screw u and having its upper end reduced and bent downward to engage the slot w.

J is a fence-rail, preferably made in one integral piece, having a narrow flange b’ along one edge and a diagonal rectangular opening c’ on the flanged edge, around which said flange is carried, and provided with transversely-arranged lugs d’ d’, preferably flush with the opposite unflanged edge, to which is hinged, by means of pivots or screws e’ e’ and the medium of disks f’ f’, having screw-threaded thimbles h’ h’, a pair of J-shaped rods i’ i’, the ends j’ j’ of the shorter straight portions of which are screwed into said thimbles h’ h’ to about the distance seen in Fig.
3, and the longer straight portions, which are parallel to the short portions, being entered in the lateral holes g g g’ g’, constituting parallel pivots, so that the semicircularly-curved portions k’ k’ thereof form parallel swinging arms for vertical adjustment of the fence J.

L is an eccentric through which the rearward J-shaped rod is entered, and l’ is the lever for operating the eccentric, the purpose of which is to secure the rods against rotation and against sliding laterally in the holes g g g’ g’, and thereby hold the fence J in vertical and lateral adjustment. In Figs. 1, 2a, 10, 11, and 17 it will be seen that the fence is adjustable angularly to the bottom of the plane by reason of the pivotal screws e’ e’, by means of which also it may be secured at any desired angle against turning.

A plane embodying my improvements may be converted from the common bench or joiner’s plane (shown in Fig. 7) to a grooving-plane (shown in Figs. 2, 2a, and 9) in the following manner: Loosen the screw-knob D, Fig. 7, and push it forward as far as it will go and retighten again, which carries the slide C forward, elongating the front part of the plane and opening the throat thereof very wide, as shown in both Figs. 1, 2, and 2a. Now loosen the cramp-screw I, the end of which, Fig. 7, it will be observed, is in the lowermost socket v, and pull the bit F the clamp-plate G, and H-shaped piece E upward till the latter comes to the open space or interruptions j j in the ledges i i, when these parts will be disengaged from the bed B; remove the clamp-screw u, take out the broad bit 8, Fig. 8, and substitute the grooving-bit 12, Fig. 12, and, if desired, the shavings-breaker 16y, Fig. 16, may also be included, and the whole again dropped into place on the bed B; but before tightening up the clamp-screw u with the bottom of the plane resting on a level surface the cutting edge of the bit is allowed to slide down into contact with that surface, and then the screw-threaded rod p is turned till the lower edge of the traveling nut is opposite the graduation-mark that indicates the desired depth to which the groove is to be planed, and now the cramp-screw I and clamp-plate G are lifted up till the end of the former drops into the uppermost socket v”, when the clamp-screw it is screwed down tight, and afterward the cramp-screw I is also screwed down with gentle tension. The J-shaped rods of the fence J are now entered in the holes g g g’ g’ and through the eccentric L the desired distance and the fence adjusted vertically to about the position shown in Fig. 9 and now securely clamped by the eccentric L. To convert to a mitering-plane, the fence is adjusted as shown by Fig. 10, and the broad bit 8f, Fig. 8, reinserted. To convert to a miter-grooving plane, take out the broad bit and restore bit 12f, Fig. 12, leaving the fence adjusted as shown in Fig. 10. With a proper bit miter-grooving can also by this last adjustment be done. To convert to an inside-rabbeting plane, an L-shaped bit 14f of the form shown by Fig. 14 is used, and the flanged edge b’ of the fence is turned under the bottom of the plane and adjusted to the position shown by Fig. 11, which brings the narrow portion m’ of the L-shaped bit within the opening c’ of the rail of the fence. To convert to an outside-rabbeting plane, a bit 18f of the form shown in Fig. 18 is substituted and substantially similar adjustment of the fence is maintained as shown by Fig. 17. To convert to a chamfering-plane, the fence is preferably adjusted to the position shown in Fig. 19 and a bit 20f of the shape shown in Fig. 20 is substituted. To do channeling, dadoing, or cross-grain work, bits constructed with cutting-lips n’ n’ at their lateral edges, as shown in Figs. 21 and 22, are employed, and the usual temporary gage is made fast to the board in which the channeling or dadoing is to be done as a guide in place of the fence which is removed. To convert to a slitting-tool, the bit, Fig. 15, would be substituted and the fence adjusted to the required position. These several above-described and any analogous conversions will be more readily understood by bearing in mind that they are attainable in a bench or joiner’s plane only in consequence of the leading feature of my invention — to wit, a construction of parts at the throat and provision in the mechanisms for holding movement and adjustment of the bits, whereby the cutting edge of the plane-bit, together with the shavings-breaker and bit-clamp plate, can be by regular gradations at the will of the operator advanced through the throat farther and farther down into the wood below the level of the bottom of the plane, and whereby (without employment of blades, runners, or gages) at each return stroke by a slight turn of the left-hand screw-threaded rod p with the thumb and finger the operator can cut as thin or as thick shavings as he chooses till the nut i has reached the limit of its movement, which, furthermore, may be adjusted to indicate any desired depth, as shown and described, while in the case of inside and outside rabbeting and fillistering a further element is brought into combination — viz., the opening c’ in the flanged edge of the rail of the fence J. The general utility of the improved construction, application and adaptation of the fence will be readily observed.

Those skilled in the art will fully comprehend that by my invention and with bits of required conformation of cutting edge and sole a very great diversity of work can be done, to accomplish which has heretofore required a number of special and in some cases very complicated and bulky planes.

It will be noted that my improved fence is reversible — i. e., may be applied to the right-hand side of the plane-stock, which is sometimes desirable.

I am aware that planes have been constructed with movable throat-pieces for regulating the “bite” of the bit and that such are, indeed, common; but I am not aware that any have before my present invention been adapted to allow of the passage of the cutting end of the bit, the bit-clamp plate, and shavings-breaker together bodily down through the same in the manner and for the purposes I have shown.

I am also aware that mechanisms for clamping and for very limited longitudinal adjustment of plane-bits have been made; but I am not aware that any have before my present invention been adapted for advancing the cutting edge of the bit by the sensitive will of the operator by any desired successional gradations while planing down through the throat of the plane into the wood any desired depth below the bottom of the plane and without the use of blades, runners, or depth-gages.

I am further aware that fences for planes with parallel pivoted arms have been made, and two-part angularly-adjustable rails for plane-fences have also been made; but I am not aware that before my present invention a one-part angularly-adjustable rail plane-fence provided with swinging parallel arms carrying integral parallel pivots and adapted for vertical and lateral adjustment has ever been used or that the rail in any adjustable fence has ever been constructed with an opening in the flanged edge for the purposes I employ the same.

I do not limit myself to the precise means described for accomplishing the gradual advance of the bit into the wood while using the plane, as manifestly other ways might be employed without departing from the spirit of my invention; but,

Having described my invention, what I do claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a convertible joiner’s or bench plane, in combination, a widely open or widely-opening throat-piece, a longitudinally-slidable bit-holding mechanism comprising a clamp-plate and shavings-breaker plate adapted to hold vari-shaped bits and to be adjusted entirely through and beyond the throat, and a mechanical device suitably adapted for gradual, sensitive and rigid advancement of the shavings-breaker, bit-clamp plate and cutting end of such bits entirely through or beyond the throat while the plane is being used and at the will of the operator, substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

2. In a convertible joiner’s or bench plane, in combination, a widely open throat or widely-opening throat-piece, a longitudinally-slidable bit-holding device comprising a clamp-plate and shavings-breaker plate adapted to hold vari-shaped bits and to be adjusted entirely through and beyond the throat, screw-actuated mechanism for gradual, sensitive and rigid advancement of the shavings-breaker, the bit-clamp plate and the cutting end of such bits entirely through or beyond the throat while the plane is being used and at the will of the operator, a one-rail removable, vertically, laterally and angularly adjustable fence, and mechanical means for rigidly securing said fence and its rail after adjustment, the whole constructed and to operate substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

3. In combination, a convertible joiner’s or bench plane provided with a widely open throat or widely-opening throat-piece, a longitudinally-slidable bit-holding device comprising a clamp-plate and shavings-breaker plate adapted to hold vari-shaped bits and to be adjusted entirely through and beyond the throat, and a mechanical device suitably adapted for gradual, sensitive and rigid advancement of the shavings-breaker, bit-clamp plate and cutting end of such bits entirely through or beyond the throat while the plane is being used and at the will of the operator, a one-rail removable, vertically, laterally and angularly adjustable fence, and mechanical means for rigidly securing said fence and its rail after adjustment, for the purposes shown and described.

4. In combination with a convertible joiner’s or bench plane provided with a widely open throat or widely-opening throat-piece, and a bit-clamp adapted to hold vari-shaped bits to be adjusted entirely through or beyond the throat, a one-rail removable, laterally and angularly adjustable fence provided with an opening for passage of the bit through the flanged edge of said adjustable rail, substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

5. In combination with a convertible joiner’s or bench plane constructed and to operate substantially as shown and described, a removable, vertically, laterally and angularly adjustable fence, parallel swinging arms, each having long and short integral pivots, the shorter ones pivotally united to the lugs of the rail of said fence by means of screw-threaded thimbles h’ h’ and right-angularly-arranged disks f’ f’, and mechanical means for rigidly securing said fence after adjustment, substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

6. In a convertible joiner’s or bench plane, in combination, a vertically and laterally adjustable fence, parallel swinging arms, each having long and short integral pivots, lateral sockets in the plane-stock for the longer parallel pivots of said arms, and an eccentric for engagement of one of said long pivots, substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

7. A convertible joiner’s or bench plane provided with a longitudinally-slidable bit-holding mechanism comprising a clamp-plate, and a shavings-breaker plate, and with mechanical means for gradual and rigid advancement of said shavings-breaker and bit-clamp plates and the cutting end of bits entirely through or beyond the throat while the plane is being used and at the will of the operator, in combination with graduation-marks adjacent to or upon said longitudinally-slidable bit-holding parts, substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

8. In convertible joiners’ or bench planes, a screw-actuated mechanism adapted for gradual rigid advancement of the bit longitudinally, comprised of a clamp for holding the bit, a holder for connecting the same with the ledges of the bed, a slide provided with two or more sockets v v’ v”, a cramp-screw in the outer end of the clamp-plate to engage said sockets, a traveling nut, a longitudinally-immovable screw-threaded rod engaging said nut, provided with a gnarled head, in combination with a widely open throat or widely-opening throat-piece, constructed, arranged and adapted to be operated substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, this 2d day of September, 1898, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN M. COLE.

Witnesses:
WARREN M. TOWER,
VINCENT ROSEMON.

No. 619,394 – Bench-Plane (Maschil D. Converse) (1899)

[paiddownloads id=”538″]619394

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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MASCHIL D. CONVERSE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,
ASSIGNOR TO JOHN J. TOWER, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 619,394, dated February 14, 1899.
Application filed June 20, 1898. Serial No. 683,931. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MASCHIL D. CONVERSE, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates more especially to that type of bench-planes commonly made with iron stocks, and particularly to sidewise-adjustment mechanisms for the same.

Planes have been provided with mechanisms for lateral adjustment that in many cases are so constructed, disposed, and applied as to involve piercing of the bits with holes or slots or cutting of grooves longitudinally in one or the other of the flat sides thereof, requiring in consequence that the bits be made thicker and heavier than is desirable to compensate for the lack of stiffness that would result from such form in the bit and otherwise, and in other cases the construction and manner of disposing and applying such mechanisms are such that they encroach upon the radial hand-space about the handle of the plane, more especially on the front side thereof, seriously interfering with and sometimes to the injury of the hand of the operator, and by such near proximity, especially of the free ends of the operating-levers, the bits are constantly liable to be and are thereby frequently accidentally disturbed and put out of lateral adjustment.

The objects of my invention are to overcome these defects, to simplify construction, reduce the cost of manufacture, and improve the efficiency of such tools.

My invention consists in placing the fulcrum-point of a mechanism for lateral adjustment of the plane-bit at the bearing end of a cramp-screw in the outer end of the upper bit-clamp plate or in axial coincidence therewith and in so constructing and disposing all parts of said mechanism that the objects above stated will be attained, all of which will hereinafter be fully described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bench-plane of the class referred to, showing the construction, application, and disposition of the members in part of my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of parts of Fig. 1, showing further the construction, application, and operation of my invention. These figures will presently be more fully described in detail.

Like letters indicate corresponding parts in each figure.

A is a stock, block, or body of a bench-plane of common pattern, having the usual handle B, knob C, and a post D, centrally upon which is mounted a longitudinally-movable inclined plate E, forming a bed for the bit G, above which is another plate H, also longitudinally movable, with a cramp-screw J passing through its outer extremity from the top side, which, together with the said named plates E and H, comprises a screw-cramped clamp for securing the bit G after its adjustment laterally and longitudinally is effected.

I is a worm-screw (provided with a lever s) fastened pivotally to the post D to engage a rack K on the nether bit-clamp plate or bed E, making a known device for adjustment of the bit longitudinally.

a is a metal strap or casting, preferably arranged on the upper side, with ends b b turned right angularly to embrace the outer parallel edges c c of the bit G.

d is a lever operatively pivoted to the center of the strap at e, said lever being fulcrumed on the bearing end of the cramp-screw J in the outer end of the plate H and preferably arranged in a plane above the lateral plane of the bit G. The free end f of this lever d, which is also preferably disposed along the upper side of the bit, is suitably elongated and formed up to insure ease and accuracy of movement in manipulation.

The clamp-plates E and H are so attached to each other and to the post D, which is integral with the stock A, that while each has longitudinal freedom they have substantially no edgewise play. Therefore the fulcrum of the lever d, being on the bearing end of the cramp-screw J at the outer end of the upper bit-clamp plate H, is substantially fixed against lateral movement relatively the plane-stock A. The bit G, on the contrary, is fitted so as to have considerable edgewise freedom at its outer end, while the cutting end is confined against lateral movement, the purposes of which are apparent.

The mechanical operation will be readily understood without further explanation; but it should be specially noted that by a mechanism for lateral adjustment having the disposition of parts with the location and means of fulcrumage herein shown and described the necessity and cost of grooving or piercing of the bits is avoided, so that the same may with advantage be made lighter in consequence, and, moreover, encroachment upon the radial hand-space about the plane-handle is obviated and liability to injury to or accidental disturbance of lateral adjustment of the bit by contact of the operator’s hand wholly overcome. I fulcrum the lever d upon the bearing end of the cramp-screw J for convenience and economy; but it may be fulcrumed by independent means axially coincident to the cramp-screw.

I do not claim a transverse strap or bar, broadly, in a device to engage a plane-bit for its adjustment, such having been used and described in Letters Patent No. 64,790 as early as May 14, 1867; but,

Having described my invention, what I do claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a bench-plane, a lever-actuated mechanism adapted to engage the outer edges for lateral adjustment of the bit, having its lever fulcrumed to the bearing end of a cramp-screw in the outer end of the upper bit-clamp plate, the whole constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

2. A lever-actuated lateral-adjustment mechanism, having a fulcrum axially coincident to a cramp-screw in the outer end of the upper bit-clamp plate, arranged, relatively of the bit, substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

3. A lateral-adjustment mechanism, having a fulcrum axially coincident to a cramp-screw in the outer end of an upper bit-clamp plate, arranged, relatively of the bit, substantially as and for the purposes shown and described.

MASCHIL D. CONVERSE.

Witnesses:
PAUL GORHAM,
DWIGHT W. DE MOTTE.