Tag: 1902

No. 716,386 – Plane (Maschil D. Converse) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”576″]716386

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MASCHIL D. CONVERSE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO
JOHN J. TOWER, OF MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 716,386, dated December 23, 1902.
Application filed October 29, 1901. Serial No. 80,470. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MASCHIL D. CONVERSE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in planes, and more particularly to means for securing and adjusting the irons thereof; and the objects of my invention are to improve the efficiency of such and to simplify the construction and reduce the cost of manufacture.

My invention is comprised in certain novel mechanisms, construction, arrangement, and combinations of parts hereinafter fully set forth and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional elevation of a plane, of a type commonly known as “iron corrugated-bottom” planes, showing my invention incor-porated. Fig. 2 is a plan view of important parts of my invention, compassing the principal means for accomplishing vertical adjustment of the plane-iron. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the plane-iron and lateral-adjustment mechanism. Fig. 4 is a cross-section on line x x of Fig. 1; and Figs. 5 and 6 are views, partly sectional, illustratrating modilied constructions of my invention, all showing construction, application, and operation of my invention, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth in detail.

My invention may be applied to all types of planes, although I have shown it as applied to iron planes, as hereinbefore stated.

Planes have been made with mechanisms for vertical adjustment of the irons comprising bell-crank members and transverse grooves in the plane-irons to be engaged thereby pivoted to the body. Others have been made with mechanisms for vertical adjustment of the irons comprising bell-crank members and transverse slots in the plane-irons to be engaged thereby and pivoted to the body above the fulcrum-screw, and still others have been made with mechanisms for vertical adjustment of the irons comprising bell-crank members pivoted through the longitudinal slot of the plane-iron to a bed-piece at points above the fulcrum-screw and in engagement with notches in the cap-plate. Planes of such construction are expensive of manufacture, involving careful and accurate dimensioning of the throat and finishing of the ways and channels by difficult and tedious machining. In my present invention I overcome these disadvantages by novel arrangement and form of parts, dispensing entirely with the notches in the cap-plate and with the transverse grooves or slots in the plane-irons, rendering it wholly unnecessary to perform any expensive machining or fitting to compass a proper and accurate adjustment and holding of the plane-irons, all of which will be clearly seen and understood by those skilled in the art from the descriptions following.

Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures.

A is the body of the plane, B a knob attached to the front portion thereof, and C the handle proper attached to the rearward portion.

D is a post and saddle-rest, which in case of iron-body planes is preferably cast integral centrally thereof. The apex of this post l prefer to make A-shaped, (distinctly shown at a, particularly in Fig. 4,) and the face thereof sloped to correspond with the incline b at its forward and broadened base c, the latter forming pivotal points and a rest for the extreme lower end of a vertical-adjustment lever d, which is pivoted thereto by a screw e. Upon the flattened upper surface of the pivoted end of the lever d rests the lower end of a flat saddle-plate f, which lower end is slotted longitudinally and recessed or countersunk on the upper side at g to receive the said pivot-screw e, which also serves to hold it in place, though admitting of a vertical sliding movement. Adjacent to the upper end of this saddle on the nether side a projection i is cast or formed, and a V-shaped groove h is formed therein to rest in slidable engagement with the sloping A-shaped apex a of the post D, which also serves to retain the same against lateral movement, a condition necessary for the carrying out of part of my invention. At a point centrally thereof and between the V-grooved projection i and above the slot g and pivot e is another opening in the saddle at j, the narrower lowermost end of which is recessed or countersunk on the under side at k to receive the head of the fulcrum screw or stud l when the same is slipped under the laterally-overhanging edges thereof. This fulcrum screw or stud l is secured in a clamping-plate m from its under side, (and I prefer to use a screw for convenience of adjustment.) In the upper end of the clamp-plate is a gnarled-head cramp-screw n, the rounded end of which engages a depression o of a lateral-adjustment lever p, serving as a pivot therefor. The vertical-adjustment lever d is provided at its upper end with a button q for operating. Midway of the ends and laterally of the slot g in the saddle f there is a hole r (see Fig. 2) for reception of a stud s, (freely fitting it, see same figure,) which stud is fixed (preferably rigidly) upon or in the vertical-adjustment lever d at a like position laterally relatively the axis thereof and pivot-screw e. This stud s and the hole r are located on a transverse line at right angles to the longitudinal vertical centers of the lever d and sliding saddle f, respectively, directly opposite the center of the pivot-screw e and sufficiently distant therefrom that it may not bind by describing an arc of too small a radius when the lever is operated.

For convenience and so that post D and projection i may not interfere therewith the lever d is open or divided at u and joined again above at the button q.

T is the plane iron or bit, which has a slot t longitudinally its center to admit of passage of the head and shank of the fulcrum-screw l therethrough.

In the modifications shown by Figs. 5 and 6 the principles of my invention hold, these modifications being such as render my invention applicable to what are known as “block-planes.” In the case of Fig. 5 the cramp-screw n5 is inverted and screw~socketed within and on the under side of the shell-like extension of the clamp-plate m5. The gnarled head of the screw being enlarged somewhat is accessible from the lateral sides, while in the case of Fig. 6 instead of a cramp-screw a projecting point n6 serves to engage the lateral-adjustment lever p6 as its pivot, and a gnarled head cramp-screw l6 is entered from the forward upper side through the clamp-plate m6 and engages a threaded hole k6 in the saddle f6.

The operation of my invention is as follows: To raise or lower the plane-iron T, push the button q to the left or right hand, which will cause the stud s to carry the saddle f up or down as the lever is rocked on its axis at e. To square the cutting end of the plane iron or bit with the throat of the plane, push the lever p to the right or left, as may be required, which causes the eccentric v to move the bit till the desired lateral adjustment is had. All these movements may be made without loosening the cramp-screw.

I do not limit myself to the specific form of the vertical-adjustment lever described herein, except that it should be located beneath the saddle f, which rests upon its lower end, and have its pivotal axis e and saddle-engaging stud s at its lowermost end or below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and the apex of the post D, nor do I limit myself to the particular form of the post or of the saddle herein described, as manifestly they may be modified without departing from the spirit of my invention.

It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the novel construction and arrangement of the parts in my present invention, as well as their simplicity, make it possible to cast the same in metal to substantially finished form and dimensions, excepting the screws, thus saving the laborand cost of fitting.

I do not herein claim the lateral-adjustment mechanism shown, except in combination with the leading features of my present invention, for the reason that the same was allowed to me broadly by Letters Patent of the United States No. 619,394, dated February 14, 1899; but,

Having described my invention, what I do claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane a vertical-adjustment mechanism comprising a laterally-movable lever pivoted centrally to the plane-body at a point below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and of the apex of the post; a stud located thereon on the top side and laterally opposite its axis, a saddle engaged by said stud held in place by the pivot-screw of said lever, and slidably resting upon the pivoted end of the same and upon the apex of a post above said fulcrum-screw, in combination with a plane-iron and means for clamping the latter upon said saddle.

2. In a plane a laterally-movable lever pivoted centrally to the plane-body at a point below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and of the apex of the post; a stud located thereon on the outer side and laterally opposite its axis; a saddle engaged by said stud held in place by the pivot-screw of said lever and slidably resting upon the pivoted end of the same and upon the apex of a post, above said fulcrum-screw; a plane-iron and means for clamping the same upon said saddle, in combination with mechanism for lateral adjustment of the plane-irons.

3. In a plane a vertical-adjustment mechanism comprising a laterally-movable lever pivoted centrally to the plane-body at a point below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and of the apex of the post; a saddle slidably resting upon the pivoted end of said lever and upon the apex of a post; a laterally-located stud operatively connecting said saddle and said lever below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw, and a plane-iron, in combination with a lateral-adjustment lever eccentrically pivoted at the upper end of a clamp-plate.

4. In a plane a vertical-adjustment mechanism comprising a laterally-movable lever pivoted at its lower end; a saddle slidably resting upon the pivoted end of said lever and upon the apex of a post removed from the pivoted end of said lever, in combination with means for operatively connecting said lever and said saddle at their respective lower ends to accomplish vertical movement of the latter.

5. In a plane a laterally-movable pivoted vertical-adjustment lever, having an opening u centrally thereof, in combination with a saddle operatively engaged by said lever and having a groove h longitudinally central thereof on its under side contacting with the apex of a central post D within the plane-body and held in place by the pivotal screw of the lever.

6. In a plane a laterally-movable pivoted vertical-adjustment lever, having an opening fa centrally thereof, in combination with a post D projecting within said opening.

MASCHIL D. CONVERSE.

Witnesses:
WARREN W. WHITNEY,
J. MEACH.

No. 715,352 – Plane (Lewis M. Curry) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”575″]715352

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEWIS M. CURRY, OF BRIGHTON , MICHIGAN.

PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 715,352, dated December 9, 1902.
Application filed March 29, 1902. Serial No. 100,512. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEWIS M. CURRY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Brighton, in the county of Livingston and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to improvements in carpenters’ planes; and its object is to provide a cheap and simple construction which is strong and durable, having few parts, easily assembled, and not liable to get out of order, and to provide ready means for accurately adjusting the plane-bit longitudinally within the throat and to so construct the parts as to allow for a slight lateral adjustment of the bit, it also being the object of this invention to provide means for clamping the bit and its shavings-breaker to the support therefor, so that they are firmly held without the necessity of a clamping-plate or other obstruction on the upper side of the breaker, and the bit will be frictionally held against accidental lateral movement thereby, but may be so adjusted by the operator.

To this end the invention consists in providing a longitudinally-movable carrier for the bit, which carrier is supported at an inclination substantially the same as that of the bed and free to move laterally on its support, and in providing suitable means for securing the bit to the carrier at one end, which means also serves to hold the lower end of the bit in strong frictional contact with the bed to prevent such lateral movement of the bit except when adjusted by the operator; and the invention further consists in providing suitable mechanism for moving the carrier and attached bit longitudinally to regulate the cut, and also in the particular construction, arrangement, and combination of parts, all as more fully hereinafter described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure l is a perspective view of a device embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a longitudinal vertical section through the bit and adjacent parts and a portion of the stock on the line 2 2 of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a section on the 2, showing a plan view of the line 3 3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2, showing the carrier in plan; Fig. 5, the same, showing the carrier in section and illustrating the manner in which the bit is adjusted laterally; and Fig. 6 is a longitudinal vertical section similar to Fig. 2, showing a modified adjustment for the carrier and showing the bit unclamped to illustrate the manner in which it is held against the bed.

A is the stock of the plane, formed, in the usual manner, of hard wood, with a throat A’, having the mouth A2, and one side extended at an inclination of about forty-five degrees to form the bed A3, upon which the bit-iron or knife rests.

B is a casting secured to the top of the stock and provided with upwardly-extended supporting flanges or sides B’, which form bearings for the transverse pin C and eccentric-rod D, which support the bit-carrier E. Said carrier E consists of a rectangular casting having its middle portion cut away to lighten the same and provided with a lug E’, projecting from its lower end, which lug has an elongated opening E2 or slot through which the pin C extends, and through a transverse opening E3, near its upper end, extends the eccentric-rod D, which rod is provided with bearing ends D’ and D2 to engage the bearings in said sides B’. The rod D is set eccentrically to its bearing ends, so that when the same is turned by the knurled head D3, which is secured on the outer end of the reduced portion D4, the carrier will be moved a distance equal to the throw of said eccentric, and to secure the eccentric in place and connect the sides B’ a yoke F is provided, which embraces the sides B’ and is secured at its lower ends by the pin C, which extends therethrough and is riveted at its outer ends and near the top of the sides by the screws F’, said yoke extending over and closing the outer end of the opening forming the bearing for the end D’ of the eccentric and has an opening to at the reduced portion D4, thus securing the eccentric in place and forming a brace for the sides B’.

The knife or bit-iron G and its cap-iron or shavings-breaker H are secured together in the usual manner by a set-screw H’ engaging a slot G’ in the bit. The breaker is nearly as long as the bit and is provided with openings H2, having lateral extensions H3, located opposite the slot G’, to receive the heads of the screws I and J, which screws engage screw-threaded openings I’ and J’ in the carrier E, the head of the screw I forming an abutment to engage the upper side of the breaker.

The carrier E is supported at substantially the same inclination as the inclination of the bed A3, and the screw I is adjusted to bring its head at such a height relative to the bed that when said head is passed through the openings H2 and the breaker moved to engage the extension H3 with the shank of the screw the lower end of the bit will engage the bed adjacent to the mouth.

A binding-screw K engages a screw-threaded opening K’ in the carrier E, and on the inner end of said screw is a head K2, a recess K3 being provided in said carrier for said head, which head is forced upward by the turning of the screw into engagement with the under side of the bit and forces the lower end of the bit against the bed, the screw J being properly adjusted relative to the screw I to form a stop to prevent the bit from being bent too far by the action of the screw. The turning of the binding-screw K thus not only secures the bit to the carrier, but forces the same into frictional contact with the bed by the spring of the said bit, and by adjusting the screws I and J the frictional contact may be increased or diminished and the angle of the bit changed, so that it will lie flat upon the bed or will contact the same only at its lower end.

The carrier is made somewhat narrower than the space between the sides B’, and the eccentric is made to have a little play in its bearings, so that said carrier may be shifted laterally. When the bit is in place, the frictional contact thereof with the bed will hold the lower end of the bit so that when the upper end of the carrier is shifted the bit will be tilted to bring its cutting edge even with the sole of the stock when the bit is not ground exactly true, as shown in Fig. 5, and the spring action of the bit and its breaker causes a friction on the eccentric D, so that it will not be accidentally turned.

If desired, an adjusting-screw L, passing through an opening in the yoke F and engaging screw-threaded openings in the carrier, may be provided to move the carrier instead of the eccentric D; but I prefer said eccentric, as it is more accurate, is simple, cheap, and more durable.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim is —

1. In a plane, the combination with the stock; of side flanges on said stock, a bit, a movable carrier to which the bit is secured, and means supported by said flanges for supporting and moving the carrier to adjust the bit.

2. In a plane, the combination with the stock; of side flanges on said stock, a laterally-movable bit-carrier, a bit secured to said carrier, and means on the flanges for supporting the carrier and upon which it may be moved laterally of the stock to tilt the bit.

3. In a plane, the combination with the stock; of side flanges on said stock, a bit-carrier supported by said flanges and adapted to be moved laterally between the same, a bit on said carrier, and means for securing said bit to the carrier and for causing a frictional resistance to such lateral movement of the carrier.

4. In a plane, the combination with the stock; of a bit adapted to be moved longitudinally, side flanges on said stock and an eccentric supported by said flanges and adapted to move said bit.

5. In a plane, the combination with the stock thereof having a bed; of a carrier supported upon said stock and provided with screw-threaded openings a bit having an opening and engaging said bed at one end, a screw engaging one of the openings in the carrier and projecting through said opening in the bit to engage its head with the upper side of said bit, and a binding-screw engaging the other opening in the carrier and contacting the under side of said bit.

6. In a plane, the combination with the stock and a bit thereof; of supporting-flanges on said stock, a carrier to which the bit is secured, supported by said flanges to move longitudinally and provided with a transverse opening, and an eccentric within said opening.

7. In a plane, the combination with the stock thereof; of supporting-flanges on said stock, a carrier having a slot and a transverse opening, a pin supported by the flanges and engaging said slot, a rod in said opening having eccentric ends engaging bearings in said flanges, a bit, and means for securing said bit to said carrier.

8. In a plane, in combination a stock having a bed, supporting-flanges on said stock, a carrier having a slot at its lower end and a transverse opening near its upper end and screw-threaded openings, a pin secured at its ends to the supporting-flanges and extended through said slot, a rod in the transverse opening and having eccentric ends engaging bearings in the flanges, and provided with a head, a bit having openings, screws having heads projecting through said openings and engaging the upper side of the bit and adjustable in the screw-threaded openings in the carrier, a binding-screw extending through said carrier and a head on said binding-screw engaging said bit.

9. In a plane, the combination of a stock a casing secured to the upper side of said stock, the supporting-flanges on said casings having openings, a longitudinaily-movable carrier having a slot and a transverse opening, a pin extending through the opening in the flanges and the slot in the carrier, a rod engaging the transverse opening in the carrier and provided with eccentric ends engaging bearings in said flanges and having a reduced portion provided with a knurled head, a yoke embracing the flanges and provided with an opening to receive the reduced portion of the eccentric, and a bit secured to said carrier.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

LEWIS M. CURRY.

Witnesses:
LEWIS E. FLANDERS,
OTTO F. BARTHEL.

No. 710,678 – Plane (Charles H. Fox) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”574″]710678

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES H. FOX, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 710,678, dated October 7, 1902.
Application filed December 31, 1901. Serial No. 87,942. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. FOX, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to bench-planes; and it consists, substantially, in the improvements hereinafter more particularly described.

Without attempting to enumerate the advantages of the present invention by comparison with other planes hitherto devised it may be stated that the present invention has for its object to provide a plane of simple and effective construction and organization and one in which the plane mechanism is economically and compactly seated in place upon the stock in such manner as to overcome or prevent any tendency to chattering ot the operative portion of the plane-iron, and also to provide an extended bearing for the rear or under side of the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, and to greatly strengthen the fastening for such frame without materially adding to the weight of the plane.

A further object is to provide means for preventing dislodgment or disorganization of the plane mechanism either in part or in entirety due to any tendency thereof to rise from its seat upon the stock, from drag upon the plane-iron, or from other causes.

A still further object of the invention is to provide means for fastening the supporting-frame to the stock in the most. rigid and secure manner, while readily permitting vertical or up and down adjustments of such frame for the purpose of effecting changes in the position of a wearing-sole in conformity with the needs thereof, and also to provide means whereby the up and down adjusting devices for the plane-iron are housed in part and protected against accidental displacement in the use of the plane.

The above and additional objects are attained by means substantially such as are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a plane embodying my improvements, said view being taken just to one side of the median line of the width of the stock, several of the parts being shown in elevation. Fig. 2 is a top or plan view thereof with the plane mechanism removed. Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal sectional view of the top iron of the plane. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view similar to Fig. 1 to more clearly indicate the construction and organization of parts or elements comprising or constituting the plane mechanism, the stock or body of the plane being broken off at each end. Fig. 5 is also a similar view taken to one side of the median line of the width of the stock and just to the outer side of one of the fastening-screws for the frame of the plane mechanism, so as to clearly show the construction and organization. Fig. 6 is a view looking at the rear or under side of the supporting-frame for the plane mechanism, said plate being minus any of such mechanism as well as the adjusting elements for the plane-iron; and Fig. 7 is a view looking at the front or upper side of the supporting-frame, the stock and top iron being shown in vertical section and the laterally-adjusting lever for the plane-iron being partly broken off.

Before proceeding with a more detailed description it may be stated that in the practice of my invention I provide the body or stock of the plane of any suitable wood, and I form therein from top to bottom an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is inclined to provide a seat of proper angle or inclination for the plane-iron mechanism and the surface of the front wall of which is specially constructed at the bottom of the stock to cooperate with the lower end of the frame of the plane mechanism, as and for the purpose hereinafter specifically explained. To provide an extended and continuous bearing-surface for the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, I extend the rearwardly and upwardly inclined surface of the rear wall of the opening in the stock some distance above the top of the stock, and preferably such extension is in duplicate with the parts thereof on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock. The supporting-frame is provided separately with some suitable laterally and vertically adjusting devices for the plane-iron, and the said plane-stock and supporting-frame are so constructed that the principal parts of the said vertically-adjusting devices are snugly and conveniently housed in such manner as not to become broken or disarranged accidentally while the plane is in use, yet readily accessible for adjusting or changing the position of the plane-iron. Preferably the upward extensions of the surface of the rear wall of the opening in the stock are of metal, constituting integral parts of the plane-iron, and the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism is provided with a sole or wear plate receiving the wear of the plane and havinga throat for the play of the operative end of the plane-iron. The supporting-frame is also otherwise specially constructed at its lower end to cooperate with the said specially-constructed part of the surface of the front wall of the plane-opening to prevent uprising or dislodgment of said frame and the other parts of the plane mechanism supported or carried thereby, and preferably, also, the fastenings for the frame are introduced into the said duplicate metal extensions of the rear surface of the opening of the stock rather than in the stock itself. The construction enables use to be made of plane stocks or bodies of comparatively limited height and is otherwise especially advantageous, both from a commercial and practical point of view.

Specific reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein an embodiment of my invention is shown and which maybe the preferred embodiment, A represents the stock or body of the plane, constructed of any suitable wood for the purpose and formed therein at the proper point of its length with an opening a, the surface b of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined at an angle of about forty-five degrees (45°) to the base of the plane, so as to give to the plane mechanism seated upon such surface the proper inclination within such opening. The lower corner of the front wall c of said opening a is also cut off or beveled to produce a similarly-inclined shorter surface d, which is preferably parallel with the said surface b, for the purpose hereinafter understood. In the top surface thereof the said plane stock or body is cut out or recessed a short distance centrally thereof, so as to provide a cavity e, leading rearwardly from the opening a and designed to partially receive the operating element of the up and down adjusting devices for the plane-iron in the manner shown and as hereinafter specifically set forth. Secured in place upon the upper portion of the stock or body by means of screws or similar fastenings f is the top iron B, which is constructed with parallel and slightly raised or elevated side portions g g, the inner surfaces of which may be practically flush or even with the corresponding surfaces of the sides of the opening a, already referred to. Said side portions g g are united by an integral rib h, connecting the same at about the upper forward edge of said opening a, and forwardly of said rib the said top iron is formed with a short longitudinal extension i, on which is seated the knob or forward handle j of the plane, said knob being held in place by a screw k, entering the stock through a suitable opening therefor in said forward extension. The rearward ends of the side portions g g of the top iron gradually decrease in height and slightly converge at l l, whence they terminate in parallel elevated flanges m m, formed on a rearward longitudinal extension n, and upon which latter, between said flanges, is seated the base o of the main or rear handle C of the plane, said handle being securely fastened in place by a screw-rod p, passing through the same and secured at its lower end in a threaded opening in the said extension n therefor. The forward part of said rearward extension it of the top iron is cut out or notched at n’, so as to bring the inner edges e’ thereof about even with the side and rearward edges of the recess or cavity e of the plane-stock, and thus are formed the integral flanges s s of the top iron, which are seated upon the upper surface of said stock on opposite sides of the said recess or cavity therein. Said flanges are each provided with a hole or opening for the passage of a screw t, which enters the stock on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the same, and thus is an extremely rigid and compact structure derived. Said side flanges s s of the top iron are each widened somewhat at s’, and they also constitute bases for preferably duplicate integral supports u u for the frame D of the plane mechanism E, said supports of course being also on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane and being integral at the outer sides thereof with the adjacent inner surfaces of the rear ends of the side portions g g of the top iron. In this way increased width or thickness of each of the said supports it is obtained for the formation therein of a threaded opening v for the reception of a screw w for securing the supporting-frame D in place and which construction does not materially add to the weight of the plane. The forward edges or faces x x of said supports u u are faced off in the same plane and at an upward and rearward inclination corresponding to the angle of inclination of the surface b of the rear wall of opening a in the stock, and thus said faces of the said supports constitute practical upward continuations or extensions of said surface b. In this way an increased, even, and continuous bearing-surface is obtained for the under side of the supporting-frame D of the plane mechanism, as is obvious. The frame D is substantially a rectangular plate the upper part d’ of which is comparatively thin, while the remaining lower portion thereof is of increased thickness, for the purpose hereinafter understood, although recessed or hollowed out, as at y y, on its upper surface, so as to lessen the weight thereof as much as possible without any less of strength. At its lower end the said supporting-frame is formed or provided with a sole d2, in which is formed transversely a throat d3 for the player working of the lower and operative end of the plane-iron F in a manner well known. Also formed with said frame and preferably on the upper part of said sole-plate forwardly of the throat therein is a wedge G, the forward surface of which is at a corresponding angle to the undercut or beveled portion d of the surface of the front wall of the said opening a in the stock. Formed on the under side of the frame D, about centrally thereof, is a pendent or hanging portion d5, having in its rear face a threaded opening in which works the inner end of an adjusting-screw d4, having thereon an operating-button d5, provided with collars 1 1, forming between them a circumferential groove 2, in which are received on opposite sides of said screw the ends of the furcated arm 3 of a swinging lever 4, having its bearing on a rod or pin 5 between short flanges 6 6, also formed on the under side of said frame, the end or nose of the shorter arm 7 of such lever protruding forwardly through an adjacent opening or slot 8 in the said frame, all as shown. The said elements constitute the usual or well-known vertical or up-and-down adjusting devices for the plane-iron F, and it will be seen that the same are brought to a comparatively low position with reference to the plane-stock, the operating-button d5 thereof extending partly into the cavity e of the stock, thus economizing greatly in the space consumed or occupied by said devices as a whole. Moreover, in virtue of the lower part of the frame D being of an increased thickness downwardly, beginning at a point somewhat below the point of suspension of the lever 4 thereon, said adjusting devices are thus carried forwardly a distance about equaling the difference of thickness between the two parts of said frame, and are thereby caused to be snugly housed in the space between the inclined extended bearings or supports u u. In this way the operation of the adjusting devices in question may be effected without difficulty, while at the same time they are prevented in large measure from breakage or disarrangement by contact with external objects in the handling of the plane. Above the opening or slot 8 in the upper part of frame D is a recess 9, in which works a button 10, carried on the end of the well-known form of laterally-adjusting lever 11 for the plane-iron pivoted at 12 on the frame, the said button engaging, as usual, the sides or edges of a longitudinal slot or opening 13 in said plane-iron. Screwing in to the said supporting frame or plate D ofthe frame mechanism, about centrally of the width thereof and at a point about corresponding to the upper surface of the plane-stock, is an upwardly and forwardly projecting screw 15, over which is fitted the plane-iron F, having secured thereto by means of screw 16 the ordinary top plate F2, and above the top plate and also fitting ever the screw by means of an opening or slot 17 therein is the usual clamping device or lever 18, with the edges of the said slot therein engaging under the head of said screw, the parts all being held together within the opening a of the stock by the clamping action of said clamping-lever 18 caused by the cam 19 when turned down against the top plate by means of its operating-lever 20, the said cam bearing directly upon a spring 21, secured on the under side of said clamping-lever and all operating in an obvious manner. Formed in the said supporting frame or plate D, on either side of the median line of the width thereof, are the slots er openings 25, the lower edge of each of which is substantially in the plane of the longer axis of screw 15, and the length of each of which is only suflicient for maximum vertical or up-and-down adjustments of the frame, whereby the sole d2 at the lower end thereof may be carried to any extent of protrusion beyond the under or wearing surface of the stock by which to practically receive and sustain the greater part of the wear of the plane in use. Said slots or openings 25 are also in direct line with the screw-holes v v in the extensions or supports u u, the original position of such openings prior to any adjustment of the frame being about midway the length of the slots, substantially as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, and the frame is chamfered or countersunk at 27 around the edges of said slots, so as to bring the heads of the fastening-screws w for the frame at least flush with or below the upper surface of the latter, and thereby enabling an even seating of the plane-iron upon said frame. From the construction and organization shown and described it will be seen that the fastening-screws w for the frame D are brought into the nearest practical proximity or relationship with the said forwardly-projecting screw 15, and thus is there partially established a counterbalance between the opposing forces acting separately on said screw 15 and the screws w, the one force tending to pull the frame outwardly or upwardly and the other tending to hold the frame (and consequently the entire frame mechanism) down upon its seat or bearing upon the stock within the opening a therein. Inasmuch, however, as the pressure or force exerted by cam 19 as well as that exerted by screws w are both on the same side of and above screw 15, which latter it will be understood is a fulcrum for the clamping bow or lever 18, there is a slight tendency to uprising of the lower end of the frame D, which tendency is successfully or effectually resisted by the forward inclined face of the wedge G firmly abutting or engaging the opposing inclined surface d of the lower part of the front wall of the said opening a, in the stock. In this way there is established a most perfect counterbalance or equilibrium of the forces acting upon the parts of the planes in different or opposing directions, thereby overcoming or preventing any tendency to vibration or chattering of the plane-iron irrespective of the degree of hardness of the wood upon which the plane is used.

It will be seen from the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying illustrations, that I have provided a bench-plane possessing compactness and stability and one in which adjustments may be made readily and accurately without loss of time. The plane is strong and capable of withstanding all the handling incident to the conditions under which the same may be used, and the general commercial as well as practical advantages thereof will be apparent without further mention. It will be understood, of course, that I do not limit myself to the precise details of construction and organization of the elements of the plane, since changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having described my invention, I claim —

l. A plane-stock with an opening therein having duplicate upward extensions of the surface of the rear wall thereof, such surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

2. A plane-stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and provided with duplicate upward extensions thereof, such surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

3. A plane-stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and provided on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock with duplicate upward extensions thereof, such surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

4. A plane-stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, and a top iron secured to the stock and formed with duplicate directly-continuous extensions of such surface, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

5. A plane-stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly-inclined and of the same alinement throughout, and the lower part of the front wall of which is undercut in parallelism therewith, said stock being provided with a top iron having duplicate directly-continuous extensions of such rear-wall surface, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

6. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of such surface located on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism having vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron housed between the extensions, and means securing the supporting member of said plane mechanism to the faces of said extensions, said means entering said extensions at the said faces thereof.

7. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, said stock being also formed in the top thereof with a cavity extending rearwardly of said opening, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of the rear-wall surface of the stock-opening on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism comprising a supporting-frame provided on the under side of the upper portion thereof with vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron, said supporting-frame resting upon such rear-wall surface and its extensions, and secured to the latter, and also being of increased thickness below the point of suspension of the adjusting devices thereon, whereby such devices are brought to a housed position between the duplicate extensions and partially received in the cavity in the stock.

8. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly-inclined and of the same alinement throughout, said stock being also formed in the top thereof with a cavity extending rearwardly of said opening, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of the rear-wall surface of the stock-opening on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism comprising a supporting-frame having duplicate slots and provided on the under side of the upper portion thereof with vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron, said supporting-frame resting upon such rear-wall surface and its extensions, and also being of greatest thickness below the point of suspension of the adjusting devices thereon whereby such devices are brought to a housed position between the duplicate extensions and partially received in the cavity of the stock, and screws passing through the slots of said frame and entering the openings therefor in the said extensions.

9. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, and the lower part of the surface of the front wall of which is undercut in parallelism with such inclined surface, said stock being also formed in the top thereof with a cavity extending rearwardly of said opening, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of the rear-wall surface of the stock-opening on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism comprising a supporting-frame having duplicate slots and provided on the under side of the upper portion thereof with vertically-adjusting devices for a plane-iron, said supporting-frame resting upon such rear-wall surface and its extensions and provided with a sole formed with a throat and having a wedge engaging such undercut surface, and also being of increased thickness below the point of suspension of the adjusting devices thereon, whereby such devices are brought to a housed position between the duplicate extensions and partially I received in the cavity in the stock, and screws passing through said slots and engaging the extensions.

10. A plane comprising a stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly-inclined and provided with duplicate extensions beyond the top of the stock on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof, the surface of the front wall of which opening is undercut all the way across the stock at the bottom in parallelism with such inclined surface, and a vertically-adjustable plane mechanism including a supporting-frame seated within the opening and slotted on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof, and screws passing through the slots of the frame and entering said extensions, said frame being provided at its lower end with a sole formed with a throat for the plane-iron and having a wedge engaging such undercut surface, such rear-wall surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith.

CHARLES H. FOX.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 710,542 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”573″]710542

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 710,542, dated October 7, 1902.
Application filed December 28, 1901. Serial No. 87,532. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to bench-planes; and it consists, substantially, in the improvements hereinafter more particularly described.

Considerable attention has been given in recent years to the construction and operation of bench-planes (both metal planes and wooden planes) with a view to increasing the general effectiveness and range of efficiency thereof, and more especially to the construction and organization of the elements or parts constituting the operative mechanism of the plane, as well as to the manner of seating and securing such mechanism within or upon the plane stock or body. Principal among the difficulties encountered in planes usually is the undue vibration or chattering of the edge or operative portion of the plane-iron, due largely to the drag or upward resistance offered by the surface of the wood operated upon, particularly in the case of hard woods. To overcome such chattering in a metal plane, it has been suggested to provide the upper surface of the sole of the plane with two steps, one raised or elevated above the other and the two constituting remotely-situated step-bearings for a so-called “frog” firmly held upon said bearings and flexed to thereby steady the same, and thus prevent chattering of the plane, while still permitting of adjustments of the plane-iron for varying the width of the throat of the plane. As is obvious, a construction or organization of the kind mentioned is not practicable with a plane having a wooden body; but, as hereinafter specifically explained, practically the same resuits are attained in a wooden plane by means of substantially the construction and organization of devices herein employed. Other difficulties and disadvantages have also been frequently met with in the construction and operation of the adjusting elements of the operative mechanisms of planes generally, I (both metal and wooden planes,) since in many embodiments hitherto devised or employed it is always diflicult and often practically impossible to effect the adjustment of one of such parts or elements without disarranging or dislocating the whole or some other part or parts of the mechanism and which is a decided objection for several reasons. Still further, in many instances hitherto the so-called “wooden planes” are both heavy for convenient use and comparatively expensive to manufacture on account of the considerable arnount of material employed in the construction of the essentially metallic portions thereof, and for which and other reasons the commercial advantages of the plane are greatly lessened as well as its utility.

The present invention has for its object to overcome all of the above-mentioned difficulties and disadvantages and to provide a bench-plane possessing the greatest stability between the several elements or parts thereof and also in which each part or element combines maximum strength with extreme lightness and delicacy of structure.

A further object is to greatly improve this class of tools generally, both from a commercial as well as from a practical standpoint, whereby the cost of the plane is reduced and the effectiveness and efficiency of the same enhanced over and above many planes hitherto devised with similar ends in view.

A further object of the present invention is to provide simple and effective means for preventing chattering of the operative portion of the plane-iron and also to provide a plane mechanism of great stability and compactness and one in which the up and down adjusting devices for the plane-iron may be set to any position desired irrespective of whether the said mechanism is in place within or upon the plane body or stock.

A still further object is to provide a plane mechanism adapted for use with plane stocks or bodies of dilferent standard sizes without requiring any change either in the adjustment or fastening of any of the elements thereof, all as will more fully hereinafter appear.

The above and additional objects are attained by means substantially such as are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein —

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical sectional elevation of a bench-plane embodying my several improvements, said view being taken substantially on the median line of the plane. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of my improved bench-plane with the operative mechanism thereof detached or removed to more clearly indicate the construction of the plane-stock, as well as the inclined seats or supports which receive and cooperate with the uppermost projections or raised bearing-surfaces on the rear or under side of the adjustable supporting-frame of said operative mechanism. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the top iron of the plane, taken about centrally. Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of my improved bench-plane, taken about on the same line as in Fig. 1, the stock or body of the plane being broken off at the ends. Fig. 5 is a view looking from the rear or under side of the adjustable supporting-frame for the operative mechanism of the plane (appurtenances being removed) to more clearly indicate the arrangement and location of the projections or raised bearing-surfaces on said frame. Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line X X of Fig. 7 to indicate more clearly one of the slots and screws or similar fastenings by which the adjustable frame of the plane mechanism is confined in place upon the seats therefor, said view being minus the plane-iron and its adjusting devices, as well as the top plate and clamping bow or lever shown in Figs. 1 and 4. Fig. 7 is a vertical transverse sectional view looking toward the right of Fig. 1 and being partly broken away at one side to indicate one of the screw-holes in the plane-stock and also being minus the forwardly-adjusting device for the plane-iron, as well as said latter element and the top plate and clamping bow or lever shown in Figs. 1 and ft. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view illustrative of the adaptation of my improved plane mechanism to plane bodies or stocks of different sizes or dimensions.

Before proceeding with a more detailed description it may be stated that in carrying my invention into effect I provide the body or stock of the plane of any suitable wood adapted to the purpose, and I form therein an opening extending from top to bottom thereof for the reception of the operative mechanism of the plane, which mechanism comprises suitable ordinary adjusting devices for the plane-iron both in vertical and lateral directions. The said operative mechanism also includes an adjustable supporting-frame constructed with a sole-plate in which is formed the throat for the proper working of the cutting edge of the bit or plane-iron, and said sup porting-frame is otherwise constructed in the manner and for the purpose hereinafter specifically explained. When the elements of the operative mechanism of the plane ar properly adjusted relatively to each other and the supporting-frame thereof also adjusted and secured in place within the stock, opposing forces or strains are set up or established between the said frame and stock at different points, as vvell as between the frame and clamping-bow at substantially corresponding points, the tendency of such strains or forces in one direction being to firmly hold or press the remote bearing-surfaces of the frame to their supporting-seats and those in the other direction to dislodge or pull the frame therefrom, whereas in virtue of the peculiar construction and organization of the different cooperating parts the said forces tend to slightly bend or flex the frame between its bearings on the stock, and the resultant effect is to establish equilibrium and-perfect stability between the several elements ofthe plane mechanism, and thereby prevent vibrating action of the supporting-frame, and consequently effectually preventing or overcoming any tendency of the operative portion of the bit or plane-iron to chatter or vibrate in the use of the plane either upon hard or soft woods.

Through the vertical adjustments of the said supporting-plane for the plane mechanism the amount of protuberance or projection of the wearing-sole from the under or operating surface of the plane-stock may be varied or altered so as to receive practically much the greater part of the wear of the plane, and it will be apparent that in any of such adjustments the vertical position of the operative edge of the plane-iron will be correspondingly altered or changed. The lateral as well as the vertical adjustments of the plane-iron, however, are effected independently of the adjustments of said frame, and, as will be seen hereinafter, the devices for effecting the latter adjustments may be set before introducing or seating the plane mechanism within the stock. Moreover, the organization is such that even after the said plane mechanism is seated within the stock either one or all of the adjustments mentioned may be made without dislocation of any one or more of the elements or parts. My improved plane mechanism is complete in itself and constitutes a compact and stable structure adaptable to planes of different heights or dimensions within certain limits, and thus said mechanism may be kept “in stock” in large quantities and sold to the trade separately from the bodies of the planes, if desired. This also is a great advantage in that said mechanism may be applied to plane-bodies of one size or another either at the time of sale or when the planes are sent to market or else when substituting either a plane-body or one set of mechanism for another, as in instances of renewals and repairs.

Specific reference being had to the accompanying drawings, A represents an ordinary plane stock or body constructed of any suitable wood and formed at a suitable point in the length thereof with an opening a, extending from the upper surface b to the lower and operating surface, said opening being for the accommodation and working of the parts or elements of which the plane mechanism is made up or constituted. The surface of the front wall of the opening a may be straight at d for its full height, if desired, whereas at a suitable distance from the under side of the stock said wall is preferably undercut, so as to form a downwardly and forwardly inclined beveled surface e, as shown. The surface of the rear wall of said opening is inclined upwardly and rearwardly at f substantially at an angle of forty-five degrees (more or less) from the point g of the stock, thus decreasing the length of the opening toward the bottom of the stock, as shown, the width of said opening between the sides of the stock being of equal extent throughout. The beveled or inclined surfaces e and f are parallel with each other, the said surface f being longer or higher than the surface e and serving not only to position the plane mechanism within the stock, but also in part as a seat and resistance for the lower end of the adjustable supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, to be hereinafter described.

Secured to the upper surface of the stock or body of the plane in any suitable manner, and preferably by means of screws, such as h, is the top iron C, constructed of a single piece and formed with the slightly-elevated centrally-disposed side portions i i, connected together at the upper edge of the forward wall of opening a of the stock by means of a slightly-raised rib j, said side portions having their inner surfaces substantially even or flush with the inner surfaces of the two sides of said opening, while the outer surfaces thereof are preferably somewhat within the side or corresponding surfaces of the plane-stock, this construction tending to greater strength and more equal distribution of weight and strain throughout the plane structure. The said side portions i i of the plane-iron extend rearwardly a suitable distance beyond the upper edge of the rearwardly-inclined surface of the rear wall of said opening a of the stock, and they are turned or inclined inwardly at k k, whence they merge or terminate in parallel strengthening-flanges l l, between which is snugly seated the elongated base in of the rear handle n of the plane. The said handle n is securely fastened in place by means of a rod o passing down through the same, and the lower-threaded end of which is received in a projection o’ on the top iron, having a similarly-threaded opening to receive it, said rod being provided with a screw-cap o” at its upper end fitting a countersink at the upper surface fn’ of the handle. From this construction it will be seen that the said handle is securely braced against lateral strains in the manipulation of the plane and that the fastening therefor is also largely relieved of such strains, thereby tending to greater effectiveness and security of fastening. Seated upon the forward flanged portion i2 of the top iron is the forward knob or handle i3, secured in place by one of the screws h, entering the stock or body A, as shown.

Situated upon the upper surface of the plane stock or body A, intermediate or between the raised side portions of the top iron C, are preferably two seats or supports s s, which are each substantially pyramidal in side view, with the upwardly and rearwardly inclined edges or faces s’ s’ thereof preferably flush with and constituting practical extensions or continuations of the said upwardly and rearwardly inclined surface f of the opening of of the stock, said seats also cooperating with the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, as already suggested and to be presently explained. These seats s s may be mounted in position in various different ways; but preferably I provide bases s2 s2 therefor, joined together by an integral connecting base portion s3, and said bases are also in turn preferably integral with the corresponding side portions i i of the top iron, as indicated at s4 s4. The bases are firmly held in position upon the upper surface of the plane-stock, (as are the remaining portions of the top iron C,) and from the construction and organization herein shown it will be seen that an eminently strong and stable structure is had or obtained. Said inclined seats by being thus widely separated from each other enable a great saving to be had in the amount of metal employed in their construction, and an additional saving of metal is also derived in dispensing with any connection between the outer sides of the seats and the opposing inner sides of the top iron, excepting at the bases s2 s2, as already described. In this way also the structure is rendered considerably lighter without loss of strength, while the space between the said inclined seats is utilized to partially receive and accommodate the working of the vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron, as will hereinafter appear.

Formed in the rearwardly and upwardly inclined wall f of the opening a of the stock or body A and at predetermined points on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane are suitable openings f2 f2, (see Fig. 2,) which extend into said body or stock substantially at right angles to such inclined surface, said openings each being for the reception of means, such as a screw u, for securing the supporting-frame D of the plane mechanism B firmly in place. Said supporting-frame comprises, essentially, a substantially rectangular plate having therein suitable oblong slots or openings v v, (see Fig. 5,) through which pass the fastening-screws u, (but one being shown,) the said slots or openings being for the purpose of enabling the said supporting-frame to be moved or adjusted on the screws with respect to the plane-stock. The entrances to the openings f2 f2 in the stock are at the highest available point of the stock by which to bring the heads of the screws as close as practicable to and yet below the axis of the forwardly-projecting screw E, which fits in said plate in line with the transverse center thereof. The purpose of this organization will be fully understood hereinafter, and it may be stated at this point that the base portion s3 of the top iron, as well as the upper surface of the plane-stock, are each preferably correspondingly notched or out out at y y’, by which to accommodate the inner end of said screw E in the event of any inward adjustments thereof being made at any time, though in most instances said notches may be dispensed with. It may also be here added that the upper surface of frame D is sunken or recessed at v’ v’, so as to bring the outer surface of the heads of said screws it in a plane at least flush with or slightly below the highest parts of the frame-surface to thus enable the proper seating in place of the plane-iron D2, hereinafter referred to. The said supporting-frame D is made very thin and strong, as will be observed, and to further reduce the weight thereof it is preferably channeled out on the upper surface, as shown at z, for instance, thereby leaving slightly-raised surfaces ,z’ z2 z3, and z4, and upon which rests the under surface of said plane-iron, this latter element having an opening for the passage of screw E, and leading from which opening is the usual slot 2, between the sides of which extend the effective portions of the usual lateral and vertical adjusting devices for the plane-iron. The said frame D is also sunken in its upper surface just above screw E to form a recess 3 for the accommodation of the head 4 of the screw which secures the top plate 4a to the plane-iron, and said plane-iron and said top plate each has the usual slot or opening 5 5a in which works the end of the upper arm 6 of the swinging yoke-lever 8, the ends of the furcated arm 9 of which are engaged by collars 10 11 on a sleeve working on a screw 12, fitted in a threaded opening in a bearing 13 on the under side of frame D and having a head 14 for manipulation thereof. These elements constitute well-known vertical adjusting devices for the plane-iron; but attention is called to the compact organization herein shown and provided whereby said bearing for the adjusting-screw is accommodated between the elevated inclined seats 5 3 on the upper surface of the plane-stock. Pivoted at 15 upon the upper surface of frame D is the usual laterally-adjusting lever 16 for the plane-iron, said lever having the button 17, engaging the sides of slot 2 of said iron, while secured in place upon the said top plate 4a is the usual clamping-bow 18, having therein a slot 19, the edges of which are engaged by the head of screw E, the said bow having on its under side a spring 20, which is forced against the upper surface of the top plate 4a by means of a cam 21 on a lever 22, working in the upper end of the bow in a well-known way, the action of said cam at the same time being to throw the upper end of the bow upwardly or outwardly from said top plate. By turning said cam-lever upwardly or outwardly the parts are loosened sufficiently to enable any desired adjustments of the plane-iron to be made, or the elements above the frame D may then be temporarily removed for the purpose of adjusting the said frame upon its fastening-screws.

The supporting-frame D for the plane mechanism is formed with a wearing-sole 25, having therein the throat 26 for the cutting or operative end of the plane-iron, and immediately in front of the throat said sole is constructed with a wedge 27, extending the full width of the opening a in the stock, the forward inclined face 28 of which wedge snugly fits against the undercut or bevel e of said stock. Said wedge is united or connected with the forward or upper surface of the frame mechanism, at the edges thereof, by means of integral side plates 30, as shown, and it will be seen that one of the principal reasons for the adjustability of the said supporting-frame D is to enable the sole to be so adjusted with reference to the under or working face of the plane as to practically receive all the wear of the plane. As the sole itself wears it can be readily adjusted in compensation therefor, as is evident. Said supporting-frame D is formed on its under surface, at the lower end thereof, with a slightly-projected bearing-surface 31, extending all the way across the frame and which has its seat upon the lower part of the inclined surface f of the rear wall of opening a in the stock, it being understood, of course, that said bearing-surface is planed or dressed off parallel with said beveled or inclined surfaces e and f, and the supporting-frame itself being also parallel therewith, so as to occupy the necessary inclined position upon the plane. Also formed on the under side of said frame D at points substantially opposite the forward inclined edges or faces of the inclined seats or supports s s of the top iron are similarly-projected bearing-surfaces 32 32, (see Fig. 5,) which rest and have a firm bearing upon said seats or supports s s, the median line of the width of such surfaces being somewhat outside median lines passing between the vertical edges of each of said slots v v, this construction aiding in the flenure or bending of the frame intermediate its supports or bearings, as is evident.

To assemble the parts of the plane, the frame D is placed within the opening a of the stock, with the bearing-surfaces 31 and 32 32 thereof resting upon the several seats therefor already described, and the screws u are screwed down very tightly upon the frame after the latter has been adjusted to bring the sole-plate thereof to the desired position relatively to the bottom surface of the stock. The top iron and its plate may now be placed in position by slipping the same over the screw E, after which the clamping lever or bow is also applied in similar manner, and the cam-lever 22 is then turned downward, so as to throw the upperend of said clamping-lever outward or upward, while the spring on the under side thereof is forced against the top plate by the cam, thus holding the elements of the plane mechanism together very rigidly. In virtue of the construction of my improved supporting-frame D and cooperation between the remote bearing-surfaces thereof and the corresponding seats therefor upon the plane-stock the said frame is firmly and securely held down by means of its screws in a manner quite evident. At the same time the cam 21 is exerting a downward pressure upon the upper part of the plane-iron and its top plate, which pressure is of course communicated to and thrown upon the frame above its uppermost bearings, and simultaneously with this action the lower end of the clamping-lever is thrown downward upon the lower part of the top plate by the cam, thus exerting a counterbalancing downward pressure on this end of the supporting-frame, the head of screw E obviously operating all the while as a fulcrum for the clamping bow or lever to work on. Due to the upward and downward positions to which the ends of the clamping-bow are thrown and held by the cam 21 considerable of an outward strain is placed upon said screw E and which exerts an outward pull upon the frame D, tending to lift the latter from the remotely-situated seats therefor and which is counter to the downward pressure exerted by the screws it and the bow and cam-lever to hold the plane in place. The opposing forces thus set up tend to the establishment of perfect equilibrium between the parts and result in a bench-plane possessing the greatest stability and practicability and one in which chattering of the plane-iron is practically destroyed or overcome, due to the inherent tension at which the frame D is always held.

In some instances the present construction may be modified, to form the bearing-surfaces 31 32 32 on the stock itself and raised or elevated with reference to and parallel with the inclined surface f of the opening a in the said stock, in which case the entire lower or under surface of frame D would be formed, preferably, even or flat. A further modified construction also would be to form the inclined seats s s for the frame integral with the plane-stock rather than with the top iron; but thc construction or embodiment herein shown, however, is the one preferred in practice.

As already explained, the plane mechanism of my present invention is compactly organized and is removable in entirety from the stock and adapted to be sold to the trade separately from the stock, being also adapted to plane-stocks or bodies of different sizes, as is clearly shown in the diagrammatic view, Fig. 8. As is well known, there is but slight variation in the heights of the plane-stocks of different standard sizes per series, even though the length thereof may vary considerably, and thus, as will be clearly seen, one or the other of the stocks may be employed with the same mechanism. As is equally apparent, my improved plane-stock may also be supplied to the trade separately from the plane mechanism, but preferably provided with the top iron.

My invention thus comprises a construction and organization of elements cooperating in the production of a bench-plane supplying in ample measure practically all the present-day requirements of such a structure, both as regards its utility as well as the operational, practical, and commercial advantages thereof.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A plane comprising a stock having a bit and an opening for said bit, a bit-seating frame in said opening having projected bearing-supports, means for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the former between said projected supports, thus tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

2. A plane comprising a stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is continuous and of the same alinement throughout, a bit in the opening, a bit-seating frame also in said opening having remotely-situated bearings on such rear wall surface, means for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the former between such bearings, thus tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

3. A plane comprising a stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is continuous and of the same alinement throughout, a bit in the opening, a bit-seating frame also in said opening formed with slots and having remotely-situated projected bearings on such rear wall surface, screws passing through said slots for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the frame between such bearings and thereby tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

4. A plane comprising a stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is continuous and of the same alinement throughout, a bit in the opening, a bit-seating frame also in said opening formed with vertical slots on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock and having remotely-situated projected hearings on such rear wall surface above and below the slots, screws passing through said slots for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the frame between such bearings, and thereby tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

5. A plane comprising a stock having a bit and an opening therefor, a bit-seating frame in said opening having on the under side thereof a lower broad projected surface portion bearing on the lower part of the surface of the rear wall of such opening, and also having on its under side similar projected surface portions situated on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock and similarly bearing on the upper part of such rear wall surface, means for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the former between said lower and upper bearings and thus tending to flex the frame, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

6. A plane comprising a stock with an opening having an upward extension of the surface of the rear wall thereof, a detachable bit-seating frame having on the under side thereof remotely-situated projected surface portions bearing on such rear wall surface and its extension, said frame being provided with an upwardly and forwardly projecting screw located intermediate said surface portion, a bit and its top-plate, a clamping-bow having a cam-lever for securing the latter elements in place, said clamping-bow having a slot the edges of which engage beneath the head of said screw, thus tending to flex the frame outwardly, and means engaging said frame between said bearing-surfaces and tending to flex the frame inwardly.

7. A plane comprising a stock with an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and provided with duplicate extensions beyond the top of the stock on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof; a plane mechanism including a member having remote bearings on such inclined surfaces and extensions thereof and provided with a sole formed with a throat for the plane-iron, and adjusting means securing such member in place tending to flex the same between its supports.

8. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having on the under side thereof a lower projected surface portion, and similarly-projected surface portions remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof, the median lines of the width of said slots being within the median lines of the width of said remotely-situated projected surface portions.

9. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having on the under side thereof a projected surface portion extending across the frame at the lower end, and similarly-projected surface portions remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having intermediate slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof.

10. A seating-frame for a plane~bit having a projected bearing-surface across the rear or under side thereof at the lower end and similar surfaces remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, said frame being also provided with a sole formed with a throat for the bit.

11. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having a projected bearing-surface across the rear or under side thereof at the lower end, and similar surfaces remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having intermediate slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the frame, and being provided with a plate having a throat for the lower end of the bit.

12. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having a projected bearing-surface across the rear or under side thereof at the lower end, and similar surfaces remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having intermediate slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, the median lines of which slots are within the corresponding lines of said remote surfaces, and the frame being further provided with a sole having a throat for the lower end of the bit.

13. A plane comprising a stock with an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is upwardly and rearwardly inclined, a bit-seating frame located on said surface having slots on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, and screws entering the stock through said slots, said frame having a projected bearing across said inclined surface below the screws, and similarly-projected bearings above said screws, and also provided with a sole-plate having a throat for the lower end of the bit.

14. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-seating frame, having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means for said frame tending to flex the same in one direction between its bearings, and means having a similar tendency in the opposite direction.

15. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-seating frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means intermediate said bearings tending to flex the frame in one direction, and means having a similar tendency in the opposite direction.

16. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-supporting frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means intermediate said bearings on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock tending to flex the frame in one direction, and means having a similar tendency in the opposite direction.

17. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-supporting frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means intermediate said bearings on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock tending to flex the frame in one direction, and means intermediate and directly above such fastening means having a similar tendency on the frame in the opposite direction.

18. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-supporting frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, and formed with substantially centrally located vertical slots on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, screws entering the stock through such slots and exerting an inward or downward pressure upon the frame, and means on the frame having a similar tendency thereon in the opposite direction.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 708,318 – Plane (Lucas C. Clark) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”572″]708318

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LUCAS C. CLARK, OF SOUTHINGTON, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 708,318, dated September 2, 1902.
Application filed July 11, 1901. Serial No. 67,867. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LUCAS C. CLARK, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Southington, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement Applicable to Planes, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a complete tool embodying said improvement. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of an adjustable leaf and appurtenances by which it may be attached to a common style of plane. Fig. 2a is a view of a portion of the plane-face and of the adjustable leaf with a portion of the latter broken away. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one end of the adjustable leaf and appurtenances carried thereby. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the disk-section peripherally worm-toothed and the attached plate adapted to be screwed, bolted, or otherwise fastened to a common plane. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view on the plane x x looking in the direction indicated by the arrow with the adjustable leaf and the plane-face adjusted at an angle of forty-five degrees each to the other. Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 with the adjustable leaf and plane-face adjusted at an angle of thirty degrees each to the other. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an end of the adjustable leaf attached to the rim-sector. Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 5, showing the adjustable leaf in a curved form.

The object of the improvement is the production of a plane having a pivotally-attached adjustable leaf which within reasonable limits can be adjusted at any desired angle to the plane-face, the adjustable leaf acting in use as a guide for the plane for a variety of purposes.

In the accompanying drawings the letter a denotes the plane as a whole, and a’ denotes the cutter of the plane.

b denotes an adjustable leaf pivotally attached to the plane.

c denotes what may be termed “rim-sectors” made fast to the adjustable leaf in any suitable manner.

d denotes disk-sections lying within the rim part of the rim-sectors.

e denotes plates fast to the disk-sections and adapted to be screwed, bolted, or otherwise properly secured to the plane.

f denotes an operating-worm carried by a rim -sector, and d’ denotes worm-teeth on the periphery of a disk-section cooperating with said worm. It will readily be understood that by rotating the worm the adjustable leaf can be rotarily adjusted. The rim-sector carries on one edge one or more graduations, and the face of the disk-section carries corresponding graduations or figures, preferably the latter. Preferably one edge of the adjustable leaf is always overhung by the plane-face, and also, preferably, that same edge of the plane-face is always substantially in contact with the plane-face. These words “substantially in contact” do not mean actual contact, but something very closely akin to it, as near akin to it as is practicable for ordinary uses. It is also preferable that the said edge of the adjustable leaf be always overhung by the edge of the cutter of the plane. The adjustable leaf has by preference a flat face, but is susceptible of faces of other forms — as, for instance, the curved face shown in Fig. 8.

It will be readily understood that the worm might be attached to the disk-section and cooperate with worm-teeth on the rim-sector. The letters g and h denote parts of a screw-clamp for holding the adjustable leaf firmly in any position in which it may be set.

I claim as my improvement —

1. In combination, the plane, the adjustable leaf, the rim-sectors attached to the leaf, and the disk-sections within the rims of the rim-sectors, and attached mediately to the plane, all substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

2. In combination, the plane, the adjustable leaf, the rim-sectors attached to the leaf, the disk-sections within the rims of the rim-sectors, and the planes attached to the disk-sections and adapted for attachment to and detachment from the plane, all substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

3. In combination, the plane, the adjustable leaf, a rim-sector attached to the leaf, the worm borne by the rim-sector and the disk-section attached to the plane and peripherally worm-toothed, all substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

LUCAS C. CLARK.

Witnesses:
D. I. KEIMENDAHL,
H. E. HART.

No. 707,368 – Plane-Iron Cap (Justus A. Traut And Henry S. Walter) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”571″]707368

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND HENRY S. WALTER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE-IRON CAP.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,368, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed April 26, 1902. Serial No. 104,811. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and HENRY S. WALTER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Iron Caps, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

Our invention relates to improvements in planes, and particularly to plane-iron caps.

It consists, mainly, in the improvement of what is termed the “cap-iron” or “cap-piece” in that class of planes in which the plane-iron is clamped to a frog by means of a screw or cam. By this invention we are able to construct a plane-iron cap much cheaper than heretofore and more efficient and durable, as well as more adaptable to the uses to which it may be put.

In the drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of a plane embodying our invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of that part of the plane to which our invention relates. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on the center line of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a cross-section on the line X X of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

1 is a plane-stock.

2 is a plane-iron.

3 is a forward handle.

4 is a rear handle.

5 is what is commonly termed a “cap-screw, secured to a frog or support 6 for the plane-iron. The cap-iron 9 is so shaped and constructed as to be engaged at an intermediate point by the head of the screw 5 and at each end to bear upon the plane-iron or a plate, such as commonly associated therewith. In the drawings, Fig. 1, the cap is shown as engaging the forward or lower edge of the plane-iron and engaging the upper portion by means of a cam-pressed spring 7, 8 being the cam employed for clamping the parts. Thus far described the construction and operation of the parts are well known, and hence need not be described in detail.

In practice it is essential that the cap-iron shall be very strong and desirable that it be light in weight, and to that end I construct it, preferably, of wrought or sheet metal. The cap-iron includes a broad blade-like portion 91 and a narrower shank 10. The lower edge of the portion 91 engages with the plane-iron or a part thereof near the cutting edge, while the cam 8 is carried on the shank portion 10. The cap then is subjected to strains in a manner similar to a beam supported at the ends and loaded in the middle. For this reason in order to provide sufficient strength the edges of the shank 10 and a portion of the broader part 9 of the plane-iron are bent down at an angle to provide side bars or flanges 101 integral with the body portion of the plane-iron, and hence contributing to the plane-iron great rigidity and strength. Furthermore, the flanges provide a recess in which to receive the pivot-bearing 81 for the cam 8. In addition to this feature of construction, which contributes substantially to the strength of the cap-iron, we provide a corrugation 11, which preferably commences in the shank portion 10 of the cap-iron and extends downwardly toward the broader portion on opposite lines. In addition to these corrugations shorter corrugations 12 12 may be provided in the broader portion of the cap-iron, contributing vastly to the rigidity and strength of the device, which is preferably curved, as shown best in the side views numbered 1 and 3. The particular construction preserves the curved outline of the cap-iron and permits the employment of comparatively light wrought or sheet metal. The flanges 101 form a pocket in which to receive one end of the spring 7, which is preferably fixedly secured to the cap-iron, as well as a pocket for the bearing end of the cam 8 adjacent to the pivot or pin 81, upon which said cam turns. All of the ribs or corrugations extend generally in a longitudinal direction relatively to the cap-piece, and consequently give greater rigidity to it in a lengthwise direction than transversely.

It is advantageous to have the greater strength extend in longitudinal lines. Should the gage of the metal employed in shaping the cap-piece be so light as to permit any flexibility, it would be in a transverse direction at the lower edge only, and hence advantageous in permitting the lower edge of said cap-piece to yield and bear uniformly against the plane-iron or the plane-iron plate, which is usually employed therewith in planes of the class to which our invention is particularly applicable. In Fig. 4 it will be seen that the ribs are preferably hollowed on the under side, the said view showing the under side of said cap-piece uppermost.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, a cap-iron having flanges on opposite sides at its upper end, and ribs extending longitudinally of said iron.

2. A plane-iron cap for a plane having corrugations or ribs extending longitudinally thereof, substantially as described.

3. A plane-iron cap for a plane having corrugations or ribs 12 and 12 in the body and extending longitudinally thereof, as described.

4. A plane-iron cap for a plane having corrugations or ribs 11 extending up the shank and 12, 12 in the body extending longitudinally thereof, substantially as described.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 24th day of April, 1902.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
HENRY S. WALTER.

Witnesses:
W. J. WORUM,
EVERETT G. HOFFMAN.

No. 707,365 – Plane (Alix W. Stanley) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”570″]707365

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALIX W. STANLEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE
& LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,365, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed March 5, 1902. Serial No. 96,773. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALIX W. STANLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to planes.

The object of this invention is to provide a construction by which the support for the cutting-iron shall be such that the chattering of said iron in use is entirely prevented. In planes of this character the support for the cutting tool or iron is termed a “frog,” and the frog is commonly made in a piece separate from the body or stock of the plane. The reasons for this are several, among which is that an adjustability is permitted whereby the effective size of the opening or throat in the stock or base of the plane through which the cutting-iron works may be narrowed or widened, as desired, according to the character of the work. Another is that the frogs are provided with the adjusting device, and it is more convenient to equip said frogs with said adjusting devices when they are separate from the stocks than would be the case if they were integral with the same.

The accompanying drawings show the preferred form of the invention.

In said drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a plane embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the base or stock portion of the plane with the frog, cutting-iron, and the associated parts removed. Fig. 3 is a similar view of a modification. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a frog such as is adapted for use in connection with the stock shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a modified form of frog adapted for use in connection with the stock or frame shown in Fig. 3.

In the particular form shown, 1 is the floor or sole of the stock portion.

2 2 are side walls or flanges.

3 is a throat or slot in the bottom or floor 1 of the stock.

4 is a frog which is supported, preferably, on two seats or bearings. These seats may comprise an elevated chair 5 and a bearing 6 upon the floor 1. The bearing 6 is formed by thinning down the floor 1 directly to the rear of the throat 3. This thinning down may be effected in casting the stock, (for it is by the casting process that stocks are ordinarily made,) or it may be formed by machine-work after the casting is produced. The purpose of making the bearing 6 thin will hereinafter be explained.

7 7 are screw-passages in the frog, preferably elongated so as to permit the frog to be adjusted forward or back, thereby changing the position of the cutting edge of the plane-iron in the throat 3.

8 8 are clamp-screws (two are preferably used) by which the frog 4 is secured to the stock. The clamp-screws 8 are located between the elevated bearing 5 and the bearing 6 for the frog, so that when the screws are set down they will firmly clamp said frog against both of said bearings 5 and 6. In consequence of the fact that these bearings are spaced apart considerably when the parts are assembled it is impossible for the frog to chatter upon the stock. By loosening the screws 8 the frog may be moved backward or forward, as desired, to place the cutting edge of the plane-iron correctly relatively to the throat 3.

9 is the plane-iron, the lower edge of which is sharpened in the usual manner and is caused to project through the throat as desired. It is preferred that separate adjusting devices be provided to facilitate the longitudinal positioning of the plane-iron.

10 is a cap of the ordinary form carrying the cam 11, also of the ordinary form, and 12 is a cap-screw carried by the frog 4., which projects through a slot in the plane-iron 9 and engages the cap 10 in the usual manner, so that when the parts are assembled the plane-iron is clamped in proper position.

Manifestly the method of clamping the plane-iron to the frog may be varied as desired, since the particular device for accomplishing this end constitutes no part of this invention, excepting as it is obvious that the clamping means should take a long bearing upon the plane-iron to hold it in proper engagement throughout substantially the full bearing-surface of the frog 4.

Inasmuch as the frog is independent of the stock and inasmuch as the clamping effect of the screw 8 is considerable and inasmuch as the bottom 1 directly to the rear of the throat 3 is thin, the clamping effect of the screw 8 might tend to slightly bulge the said thin portion of the door, since this portion preferably affords one of the bearings for the frog. In order to prevent this bulging, I provide a supporting and stiffening rib 13, which in its preferred form is cast integral with the stock of the plane and preferably so as to extend from said thin portion to a heavier portion of the stock. Any desired number of these strengthening-ribs maybe provided. In Fig. 2 one of these ribs 13 is shown. In Fig. 3 two ribs 13 13 are provided; otherwise the construction is identical. I mention this, because it is obvious that the number of stiffening-ribs employed is immaterial. In order to permit the frog to take a proper bearing, I channel out the under side of the frog directly above the strengthening-ribs 13, so that the frog will not encounter the rib when the parts are assembled, but will take its proper bearing upon the seat 6. Manifestly this construction may be modified in a variety of ways.

In operation it is obvious that unless an efficient bearing is provided for the member or members which support the cutting-iron the passing of the plane over the material to be smoothed or cut might cause a vibration and a chattering of the parts. It is therefore desirable to have the forward bearing or point of contact which the plane-iron takes with the stock or parts associate therewith as close to the cutting edge as possible. Heretofore no special attention has been paid to thinning the metal of the stock directly to the rear of the throat. By thinning the metal at this point as I have done the frog supports the plane-iron almost down to its lower edge. In fact, when the best effect is produced the only unsupported portion is the beveled portion formed in shaping the edge. This will be seen in the section Fig. I. While this is of advantage generally, it is of particular advantage in that type of planes wherein the frog is adjustable longitudinally of the plane, so as to widen or narrow the throat, or rather that portion of the throat forward of the cutting edge of the plane-iron. By this invention in its preferred form a greater range of adjustability is rendered possible, since the frog may be moved to the rear of the throat to a considerable extent before the knife or cutting-iron will touch the metal of the stock. This is due to the fact that the metal of the stock may be made so thin at this point that the cutting-iron will not engage it, excepting at a point very close to its cutting edge. As a direct consequence the plane-iron may be adjusted forward or backward substantially the full width of the throat and still have an unimpaired and effective bearing directly upon the frog.

While I have shown and described a preferred form for the door of the stock to the rear of the throat, it is obvious that this may be modified in a variety of ways without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, which in this respect relates to the provision of a suitable strengthening means adapted to reinforce the door immediately to the rear of the throat, so that that portion may be made thin, while the portion farther to the rear is of sufficient thickness to be self-supporting.

What I claim is —

1. In a plane, the combination with the stock, a frog, a plurality of bearings on said stock for said frog, and a clamping device located between said bearings, a slot or throat in the bottom or door of said stock portion, the bottom or door of said stock portion to the rear of said throat being thinned out up to the edge thereof, and means for strengthening said thinned-out floor.

2. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a plurality of seats for a detachable frog of a throat extending transversely of the stock and in the bottom thereof, the door of said stock directly to the rear of said throat being of thin metal, and strengthening-ribs extending from the heavy part of said stock to said thinned-out portion, substantially as described.

3. A stock for a plane having a transverse slot therein forming a throat for the passage of the plane-iron, the door to the rear of said throat being thin, the stock to the rear of said thin portion of the door being heavy, and a rib extending from said heavy portion to said thin portion, and strengthening and supporting the latter.

4. In a plane, a stock, a transverse slot therein forming a throat for the passage of the plane-iron, the door to the rear of said throat being thin, the stock to the rear of said thin portion of the door being heavy, and a plurality of ribs extending from said heavy portion to said thin portion, and strengthening and supporting the latter.

5. A plane having a stock portion provided with a throat, a frog, said stock portion being provided with two bearings for said frog, a rib connecting said two bearings, said frog being correspondingly grooved.

6. A plane having a stock portion provided with a throat, a frog, said stock portion being provided with an upper and a lower bearing for said frog, a rib connecting said two bearings, said frog being correspondingly grooved.

7. A plane having a stock portion provided with a throat, a frog, said stock portion being provided with an upper and a lower bearing for said frog, a screw having a seat between said bearings for securing said frog to said stock, a rib connecting said two bearings, said frog being correspondingly grooved.

Signed at New York, N. Y., this 15th day of February, 1902.

ALIX W. STANLEY.

Witnesses:
ROBT. S. ALLYN,
L. VREELAND.

No. 707,356 – Plane-Lift (Charles E. Riecker And Henry S. Walter) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”569″]707356

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES E. RIECKER AND HENRY S. WALTER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE-LIFT.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,356, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed April 26, 1902. Serial No. 104,808. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES E. RIECKER and HENRY S. WALTER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Lifts, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

Our invention relates to planes, and particularly to improvements in carpenters’ or bench planes.

The purpose of the invention is to provide a simple and effective device to mechanically elevate or assist in lifting the plane on the return stroke, so that the cutting edge of the plane iron or knife will not become dulled by rubbing backward against the wood. The device, moreover, is so constructed as to be readily applied to a plane and to operate without chattering.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane embodying our invention when on the return stroke. Fig. 2 is a similar view, partly in section, showing the position of the parts on the forward or cutting stroke. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the front end of a plane as shown in Fig. 1, the front handle or knob being removed. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a device adapted to be attached to a plane for effecting the results herein desired.

The particular construction of the plane proper is immaterial and will not, therefore, be described in detail, since this invention is applicable to planes in general.

A represents the body or stock of a plane, and in the particular construction shown B is a front handle, and C a rear handle. The operator usually grasps both handles of the plane in using the same. On the forward stroke of the plane the cutting is edected by means of a plane iron or knife D, which projects through a throat or passage in the stock A and slightly below the sole thereof. On the rearward or return stroke, if the plane-iron bears against the wood the cutting edge is rubbed backward and rendered dull. To avoid this, I provide a mechanical elevator in the form of a spring-pressed nose E, which is preferably carried at one end of the stock A in such a manner as to normally project slightly below the sole of the stock, and thus lift the stock a sufficient distance to free the cutting edge of the plane-iron D from the wood on the return stroke. In the particular form shown in the drawings the lifting device or nose E is shaped to the forward end of the sole and is carried by blade-springs F F, secured to a washer-like carrier G, which surrounds the stem or post upon which the forward handle B is mounted. When the handle is screwed down into place, it clamps the carrier G firmly in the position indicated in the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2. The lower edge of the nose of the lifting device E is preferably rounded or suitably fashioned so as not to scratch or injure the woodwork with which it comes in contact and to insure a smooth and noiseless action. In use the operator presses down upon the front knob of the plane in such manner as to overcome the lifting tendency of the elevator E and so as to bring the knife D into proper contact with the wood. As the plane is advanced the knife cleaves the wood and cuts of a shaving of the desired thickness. Upon the return stroke the natural tendency of the user is to relieve the pressure upon the plane and, in fact, to apply a slight lifting tendency. As this lifting tendency is not usually sufficient to elevate the plane from the wood, so as to relieve the engagement of the knife therewith, it is supplemented by a mechanical appliance, herein described, to a sufficient extent to cause the sole of the plane to be elevated to the desired degree, thus prolonging the effective life of the cutting edge of the plane-iron. The method of attaching the elevating device E is preferentially shown; but it is manifest that it may be modified in a variety of ways. As shown, the elevating device takes a long bearing upon the wood substantially the full width of the sole, and hence prevents the tilting of the plane on its rearward movement and effectively elevates the entire cutting edge of the plane, so as to substantially relieve the pressure of the knife-edge against the woodwork upon the return stroke of the plane.

It is obvious that this invention may be applied to any plane of this general type without any alteration to the plane whatsoever. The plane-lift maybe manufactured and sold separately to be attached to any plane. The construction is such that chattering is prevented when the device is in use. This partially results from the fact that the nose is carried at the end of the plane-body, and its supporting or carrying blades F F project rearwardly, so that when the plane is drawn backward, at which time the pressure on the same is very slight, the friction occurs in a direction away from the point of support, so that the action is smooth and uninterrupted. When, on the other hand, the plane is pushed forward, the pressure on the handles is considerable, so that although the friction upon the nose does occur in the opposite direction the force applied is such as to prevent chattering.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, an elevating device projecting beyond the front end of the plane and means of connection between said elevating device and a portion of the plane, and means to normally cause said elevating device to project below the sole of the plane.

2. In a plane, an elevating device projecting beyond the end of the plane and means of connection between said elevating device and a portion of the plane, and a spring to normally cause said elevating device to project below the sole of the plane.

3. A plane having a front and a rear handle, an elevating device secured to the plane by the front handle said connection includiing a yielding spring-blade.

4. In a plane, a yielding elevating device comprising a nose mounted on the plane in front of the forward end thereof, and a spring for normally causing said elevating device to project below the sole of the plane, the operative edge of said elevating device being rounded.

5. An elevating device for a plane comprising a carrier, blades projecting forwardly therefrom and carrying a nose portion projecting downward therefrom, substantially as described.

6. An elevating device fora plane comprising a carrier portion G, a downwardly-projecting nose portion E, and means for connecting said carrier and said nose portion.

7. An elevating device for a plane comprising a downwardly-projecting nose portion, adapted to project beyond the end of a plane, a spring-blade attached thereto and means carried by said blade portion whereby said elevating device may be attached to a plane on top of its sole portion.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 24th day of April, 1902.

CHARLES E. RIECKER.
HENRY S. WALTER.

Witnesses:
ALBERT L. WIARD,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 707,281 – Grooving-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”568″]707281

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

GROOVING-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,281, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed April 28, 1902. Serial No. 104,972. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Grooving-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes; and it consists substantially in the improvements hereinafter particularly described.

The invention has reference more especially to planes such as are employed for cutting or forming grooves in the surfaces of wood and other materials; and the principal object of the invention is to provide a plane of this character with means for effecting the cutting or formation in the surface of the work operated upon of grooves having sides or walls which are curved from end to end, and also to provide means for insuring the evenness of cut or formation of the angular edges of the grooves, as well as the bases and sides thereof.

A further object is to provide a grooving-plane of this special character with means for maintaining or preserving the true curviinear path of the cutting devices of the plane throughout the full extent of the grooves formed thereby, and also to provide means whereby the plane may be readily adapted to the cutting or formation of grooves having sides or walls of different or varying degrees of curvature.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a plane of this character which is exceedingly simple and easily handled in the performance of the work required of it, and also to provide means for meeting all requirements of use of the plane.

The above and additional objects are attained by means substantially such as are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a grooving-plane structure embodying the essential features of my improvements, the said plane being shown as applied for use in the cutting or formation of curved grooves in the surface of a block of wood or other piece of work operated upon; and Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the plane structure, showing an element of my improvements which is omitted from Fig. 1 for the purpose of clearness. Fig. 3 is an enlarged bottom plan view in detail of the cutting devices to more clearly indicate the organization thereof for effecting their respective functions. Fig. 4 is a view in perspective of a part of the gage of the plane, showing a modification thereof for enabling the formation in the work operated upon of grooves having sides or walls of less than a predetermined curvature from end to end.

Before proceeding with a more detailed description it may be stated that while I have herein provided an ordinary grooving-plane with special means for the cutting of grooves having sides or walls which are curved from end to end it will be understood that the adaptability or capacity of the plane for cutting grooves having straight sides or walls from end to end is not altered in the slightest respect. Hence the greater advantage of my improvements. With some kinds of planes for cutting or forming straight-sided grooves in the work operated upon it is usual to employ a suitable gage having a straight edge or face for moving upon or against a corresponding straight edge or face formed on the adjacent part of the work, the said gage serving to guide the cutting devices evenly and being adjustable, by which to vary the distance of the grooves from the edges of the work as well as from each other.

In constructing a grooving-plane according to my present improvements I may employ a well-known form of plane having at one side thereof an adjustable gage formed with a straight edge extending substantially parallel with the sides of the plane-stock, and to said straight edge I apply one or more specially-constructed lateral bearings for the plane structure, said bearings being designed to work upon or against one side or edge of the work in the formation of grooves having either straight or curved sides or walls. For the cutting or formation of straight-sided grooves the adjacent side or edge of the work is made straight, while for the cutting or formation of grooves having curved sides the adjacent side or edge of the work operated upon is constructed in correspondence with the desired degree of curvature of the sides of the grooves to be formed, and it may be stated that the plane structure is equally operative whether the lateral bearings referred to are applied to a concave surface or to a convex surface. In either case the plane structure is constantly deflected to one side in a manner to cause the cutting edge of the bit or plane-iron to follow the desired curvilinear path, and it may be stated that such constant deflection causes the effective edge of the said bit or plane-iron to operate upon the work with a glancing or shearing cut, which is much more effective in removing the necessary quantities of material for the production of the grooves. It may also be stated that in order to insure the evenness of cut of the angular edges of the curved grooves I provide suitable scorers or cutting devices in advance of and slightly beyond the ends of the cutting edge of the plane-iron or bit, said devices operating in a manner and for the purpose hereinafter more fully understood.

Specific reference being had to the accompanying drawings, A represents a grooving-plane embodying my improvements, the same comprising a stock a, having a suitable grip or handle b and provided with the usual bit or plane-iron c, the effective or cutting edge of which is indicated at d. Attached or secured to one side of said stock a is a bracket B, which is provided at points in advance and to the rear of the said cutting edge d with bearings e e, which receive the inner end portions of parallel bars or rods f f, on which are slidably fitted the sleeve portions g g of a guide or gage C, said gage being of ordinary form and constructed with a straight edge or surface h adjacent the said plane-stock a, said sleeve portions being each provided with a set-screw i, working in the side thereof, the said screws being forthe purpose of tightening the gage in diiferent positions of adjustment on said bars or rods f f. To the said straight edge or surface of the said gage I detachably secure one or more lateral bearings or blocks D, having curved faces m, which are designed to bear upon a curved side or edge l of the work operated upon in the application of the plane structure to cut or form curved grooves in the surface of such work, substantially as is indicated at Fig. 1. The said bearings or blocks D may be constructed of wood, metal, or othersuitable material, as is apparent, and they may also be attached or secured to the gage in any suitable manner, screws o o being employed for that purpose in the present instance. Preferably I employ one of such bearings or blocks D at a point to one side of and in advance of the cutting edge d of the bit or plane-iron c and another at a point to the rear of such edge, and thus I may effectually operate the plane structure in the cutting or formation of grooves having either straight or curved sides or walls. It may be stated also that by continuing the curved side or edge l of the work in the formation of a complete circle the plane structure may be operated to cut or form circular grooves in the surface of such work, as is apparent, and it will be understood that by reversing the said plane structure and applying the curved bearings or blocks D to the opposite concave side or edge p of the work similar curved grooves may also be formed in the surface of the work in a like manner. In the use of this described embodiment of my invention for forming curved grooves from end to end of a piece of work, however, the foremost one of the said curved blocks or bearings D of the gage leaves the foremost end of the work before the cutting edge of the bit or plane-iron c has been carried forward far enough to complete the groove, and in the absence of the bearing afforded by said block against the work the entire plane structure is apt to twist or turn to one side or the other from the moving force applied thereto, and thus divert the cutting edge of the plane-iron from the true curvilinear path it is intended to follow. To obviate any such tendency, however, I prefer in most instances to employ substantially a similar block or bearing D2 intermediate the other two and at the same side of the plane-stock substantially coincident with the cutting edge d of the plane-iron, or slightly in advance thereof, and thus it will be seen that the true curvilinear path of the said cutting edge of the plane-iron is always maintained throughout the full extent of the grooves formed thereby. The said intermediate hearing or block D2 may not be constructed the same as the bearings or curved blocks D D; but preferably I construct the same in the present instance of a simple screw r, having a curved or rounded head S to bear against the curved side or edge of the work, said screw being adjustably inserted in a threaded opening therefor extending through the connecting member f2 between said blocks D D and the guide or gage C, as shown. On the outer end of said screw is a suitable jam-nut u for securing the same to the positions to which it may be adjusted. It will be understood that in some instances I may employ the said intermediate bearing D2 alone and dispense vrith the outer bearings or blocks D D for certain kinds of work — as, for instance, when cutting or forming curved grooves of exceedingly limited extent or dimensions from end to end. In most cases, however, I prefer the use or employment of said outer bearings or blocks on account of the stability afforded thereby in the operation of the plane structure, including, as the latter does, the gage and its appurtenances. I may also add that while I have herein illustrated my improvements as applied to a certain form of grooving plane and gage I am not limited to the use of these particular embodiments in the practice of my invention, as is apparent.

In virtue of the curved formation of the surfaces of the bearings or blocks D D when the plane structure is applied in a manner to have such blocks cobperate with the concaved side or edge of the work operated upon the whole plane structure is deflected inwardly in such manner as to keep the cutting edge of the plane-iron in the desired curvilinear path, all as hereinbefore mentioned, and it may also be said that substantially the same effect is had when the said bearings or blocks D D are applied to the convex side or edge of the work.

It should be explained at this point that if the cutting edge of the plane-iron should be made as wide as the predetermined width of groove to be formed in the work, then as a result of the deflection of the plane structure already explained the said cutting edge would tend to ride over the edges of the grooves, and thus mutilate said edges or destroy the angular symmetry thereof. To guard against any such destructive tendency, I construct the cutting edge of the plane-iron a little less in width than the intended width of the groove and I locate in advance of said cutting edge what I term “scoring” devices 2 2, which are arranged slightly to one side of or beyond the ends of the cutting edge d or at a distance apart substantially equal to the width of the groove to be formed. In this way the said scoring devices form parallel grooves in the work in advance of the main groove formed by the said cutting edge d, and thus is the latter enabled to properly conform to the predetermined curvilinear path therefor without in any manner injuring the edges of the grooves. As the plane structure is operated over the surface of the work, the bed of material remaining between the narrow parallel grooves formed by said scoring devices is successfully removed in an even manner by the slight shearing effect given to the cutting edge of the said plane-iron, as already mentioned.

I am not limited to the specific construction or organization of elements herein illustrated and described, and it is evident that it is immaterial at which side of the plane-stock the adjustable gage and its appurtenances are supported. It should be added as another reason therefor that the cutting edge d of the bit or plane-iron c is made less in length than the predetermined width of the curved groove to be formed in the work to enable the same to partake of the deflection of the plane structure without upturning or tearing away the edges of the groove, and it is also added that the scoring devices 2 2 in advance of said cutting edge d are each held to one side of the plane-stock by means of a screw 6, so as to enable said devices to be detached at any time for sharpening purposes or to be replaced by others.

In order to enable the cutting or formation of short curved grooves to be edected by the use of my improvements, more especially when the lateral bearing-blocks are made to ride a concaved or inner curved side or surface of the work operated upon, I make said bearing-blocks adjustable to be moved toward each other and secured in position, and while any suitable means may be employed for this purpose I have herein indicated a simple construction therefor at Fig. 4. Thus in said Fig. 4 I construct the straight portion or surface h2 of the gage C with two oblong openings or slots 8 8, passing through which are tightening or fastening screws 9 9, which enter the lateral bearings or blocks D3 D3. It is evident that by loosening said screws they and the said bearings or blocks may be adjusted along said straight portion or surface h2, after which the screws may be again tightened to secure the blocks in place.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, and means supported substantially in line with the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, said means consisting of a screw having a curved head.

2. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, and means on the gage substantially in line with the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, said means including a screw working in an opening in the gage and having a curved head.

3. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, means lateral to the stock both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported substantially in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work.

4. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with the said cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work.

5. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, means lateral to the stock both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, said means each being adjustable toward the other.

6. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with the cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, said means each being adjustable toward the other.

7. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, said gage being adjustable toward and from the stock.

8. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, said gage being adjustable toward and from the stock, and said means each being adjustable toward the other.

9. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, means lateral to the stock both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, a screw supported substantially in line with the cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, and scoring devices located beyond the ends and in advance of the said cutting edge.

10. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with the cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, and scoring devices located beyond the ends and in advance of the said cutting edge.

11. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, a block on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit and having acurved surface for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage intermediate of said blocks and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work.

12. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, a block on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit and having a curved surface for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage intermediate of said blocks and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, said blocks being adjustable toward each other longitudinally of the gage, and said screw being adjustable toward and from the stock.

13. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage parallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect the structure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause said cutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface, and similar means substantially in line with said cutting edge, said gage being adjustable toward and from the stock, and each of the means specified being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateral bearing or block having a curved surface.

14. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage parallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect the structure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause said cutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface, and a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also for engaging the curved surface of the work, said gage being adjustable toward and away from the stock, and said means each being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateral bearing or block having a curved surface.

15. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage parallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect the structure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause said cutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface, sirnilar means substantially in line with said cutting edge, and scoring devices located beyond the ends and in advance of the cutting edge, said gage being adjustable toward and from the stock, and each of the means specified being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateral bearing having a curved surface.

16. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage parallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect the structure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause said cutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface, a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also for engaging the curved surface of the work, and scoring devices located beyond the ends and in advance of the cutting edge, said gage being adjustable toward and from the stock, and said means each being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateral bearing or block having a curved surface.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
EBEN STRONG,
FRANK S. TRAUT.

No. 707,085 – Recessing Or Grooving Plane (Fred Clayton) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”567″]707085

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRED CLAYTON, OF PUDSEY, ENGLAND.

RECESSING OR GROOVING PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,085, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed April 1, 1902. Serial No. 100,915. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRED CLAYTON, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Pudsey, near Leeds, in the county of York, England, have invented a new and useful Recessing or Grooving Plane, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improved recessing or grooving plane in which various tools are interchangeable in various positions in the plane according to the nature and situation of the work required to be done, such plane being applicable for planing the bottom and sides of grooves in woodwork — such, for instance, as grooves in hoist-slides, grooves in collapsible boxes, shelf-grooves in cupboard sides, step-grooves in staircase sides, grooves in the sides of core-boxes for the ends to fit into, and grooves in patterns in to which lifting-irons, fillets, or ribs are recessed. It is applicable also for planing out the bottom of panels and all other depressions or recesses below the general surface of the wood-work.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan, Fig. 2 an end view, and Fig. 3 a side view, of my improved plane, showing a right-hand side tool in position for use. Fig. 4 is a plan of regulating or adjusting slide for right-hand side tool. Fig. 5 is a plan and Fig. 6 a side view of regulating or adjusting slide for left-hand side tool. Fig. 7 is a plan and Fig. 8 a side view of bottom tool. Fig. 9 is a plan and Fig. 10 an end view of loose collar and screw by which the various tools are secured in position. Fig. 11 is an end view, and Fig. 12 a side view, of right-hand side tool. Fig. 13 is a side view, and Fig. 14 an end view, of left-hand side tool.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

My improved plane consists of a frame or body B, preferably having two handles C C and fitted with five vertical tool-posts A’ A2 A3 A4 A5 in suitable positions on the said frame or body B. A right-hand side tool D, Figs. 1, 11, and 12, a left-hand side tool E, Figs. 13 and 14, and a bottom tool F, Figs. 7 and 8, are provided, the side tools D and E being fitted in the posts A’ and A2, respectively, and the bottom tool F being interchangeable in the tool-posts A3 A4 A5. The tools are held in position in the desired post so as to be adjustable vertically therein by means of a loose collar G, having thumb-screw H.

A right-hand slide K for use with the side tool D may be fitted beneath the frame or body B of the plane, this slide being secured and adjusted by means of pin M and screw N, working within a pair of parallel oblique slots P P in the frame or body B. The cutting-tool D when in position passes through a side opening R in the said slide K, the amount of cut being regulated by tapping the slide at the ends. A similar left-hand slide L is provided for use with the side tool E, this slide having side opening R’ and being similarly secured by pin M’ and screw N’, working within a second pair of parallel oblique slots P’ P’. These slides K L are removed when not required by slackening the irrespective screws N N’ and, withdrawing the pins M M’ and screws N N ’ from their respective slots, a suitable opening S in the frame being provided to allow for the insertion and withdrawal of the screw-heads. By this means the plane can he adapted to a large variety of work, the required tool being fixed in the post best suited to the purpose. Thus for planing the sides of grooves or recesses the tools D and E would be employed, fixed in the post A’, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and in the post A2, respectively. For general purposes of planing out the bottom of grooves the tool F would be fixed on the inside of the post A3. For work in which the tool is required to go in advance of the plane the tool would be fixed on the outside of the post A3. Where the work operated upon is short and the recess deep the tool would be fixed in the post A4, so as to obtain bearing-surface both in front of and behind the tool. For work in which the tool is required to follow the plane — as, for instance, in half-lapping-the tool would be fixed in the post A5.

T represents holes for screws for attaching a curved piece of wood to the bottom of the plane-body when desired.

What I claim is —

1. The combination, with a plane-body provided with a series of separate tool-posts arranged in different planes, of a clamp for securing tools to the said posts, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a plane-body provided with separate tool-posts arranged in different planes and having also oblique slots, of an adjustable slide provided with fastening devices which engage with the said slots, and a clamp for securing tools to the said posts, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with a plane-body provided with separate tool-posts arranged in different planes and having also two pairs of oblique slots for right and left hand side tools provided with fastening devices which engage with the said slots, and a clamp for securing the tools to the said posts, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRED CLAYTON.

Witnesses:
ALLAN BENNETT,
LEWIS DEXTER.

No. 706,704 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”566″]706704

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 703,704, dated August 12, 1902.
Application filed May 20, 1901. Serial No. 60,992. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in planes, and more particularly to that style of plane known as a “dado-plane,” and has for its object to provide adjustable means for limiting the depth to which the cutting of the plane may proceed.

A further object is to provide a plane of this character with a supplemental sole cooperative with the sole and which is easily and quickly adjustable and which can be securely maintained in its adjusted position.

A further object of my invention is to provide adjusting means which will also cooperate with the securing means for the purpose of maintaining the sole in its adjusted position.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specincation is shown my invention applied to a form of dado-plane, which may be the preferred form, if desired.

Figure 1 is an elevation of a plane having my invention applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the forward end of the plane, showing the same on a somewhat larger scale. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on the line 3 3, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a form of adjusting-screw, and Fig. 5 is a form of supplemental sole or guide.

Like characters of reference designate the same parts in the various figures, wherein a plane-stock is represented generally by 6, having a sole 7, through which works a suitable plane-iron 8 and in connection with which are adjustable guide-knives 9 9. To the plane-stock is iitted a supplemental sole 10, having a projecting slotted arm 11, ways or guides 12 and 13, and a tapped boss 14. The supplemental sole is adapted to be secured to the plane-stock, generally at one side of the stock and forward of the mouth, by means of a set-screw 15 traversing the slotted arm and tapped hole in the plane-stock. The way 13 is shown as being of greater projection than the way 12, and it is adapted to enter and slide in a groove or guide 16 in the plane-stock; to prevent lateral movement or oscillation of the supplemental sole, the other way 12 being adapted to slide upon a face provided for it on the side wall of the plane-stock. The way 13 is shown in the drawings as having square corners and a fiat face, although any other or convenient form of way may be employed. The plane-stock is provided with a tapped boss located above the tapped boss in the supplemental sole. These bosses are adapted to be traversed by an adjusting-screw 17, preferably made with right and left threads of differential pitch. This screw is adapted for raising and lowering the supplemental sole, and it cooperates with the set-screw for maintaining the supplemental sole in its adjusted position.

It will be readily seen that by loosening the set-screw the supplemental sole may be raised and lowered at will by means of the screw 17. If the adjusting-screw is made with the portion traversing the boss in the stock of a greater number of threads to the inch than the part of the screw which traverses the boss in the supplemental sole, the head of the adjusting-screw will not have to be raised as great a distance as if both screw-threads were provided with the same number of threads, and hence I preferably employ such an embodiment herein. With such an organization increased range of adjustments of the supplemental sole may be affected by a very slight turn imparted to said screw. It will be observed that the said right and left hand differential adjusting-screw 17 is also of different diameters in its length, the portion thereof having the least number of threads being less in thickness or diameter than the portion having the greatest number of threads thereon, such construction permitting the insertion or passage of the said adjusting-screw through the tapped opening in the boss of the stock, it being evident that if the screw was of the same diameter throughout it could not be passed through such opening on account of its differential character and the right and left hand directions of its threads, the said tapped opening in the boss referred to being only adapted to receive that portion of the screw of the greatest diameter and greatest number of threads per inch ratio.

By the organization of the parts that is contemplated in my invention a screw of the general construction described, after adjustment of the supplemental sole, will not be readily jarred out of place, and it will cooperate with the ways and the set-screws for maintaining the parts in their adjusted position, so that although the supplemental sole has but one adjusting device and but one retaining device per se it has two maintaining devices aside from the ways, rendering all pivotal action impossible, so that the greatest accuracy of adjustment is possible with this plane, which in fine work it is essential should be had. Otherwise the tool would not do neat and accurate work.

It will thus be seen that the differential thumb-screw 17 may be assembled by passing its small-diameter coarsely-threaded tip end through the large hole in the stock and then engaging said tip with the small threaded hole in the lug 14 upon the supplemental sole and also engaging the finely-threaded large-diameter upper end of the screw with the hole in the stock. Then the transverse clamping-screw 15 is inserted through the vertical slot in the supplemental sole, the shank of said clamping-screw thereupon serving to limit the vertical adjustment of the supplemental sole, so that the thumb-screw 17 cannot be withdrawn from the latter, this being a desideratum, since it is required in this class of tools that when once assembled for use no operation such as is necessary for its adjustment shall be capable of taking the tool apart. In practice the upper end of the screw 17 is provided with right-hand thread and the lower end with left-hand thread, as illustrated.

It will be observed that I avoid slotting or forking, and hence weakening the stock, as is usual where adjusting-screws are used having double collars, and I also avoid the expense of applying a collar to a screw after the insertion thereof in the stock, as well as the consequent additional complexity of construction and looseness of parts, such small pieces becoming loosened quickly and seriously impairing the usefulness of the plane, rendering the same of a ramshackle character. By my invention an ease and accuracy of adjustment are secured which are not found in planes having ordinary screws and collars and other loose parts. The integrality of construction of the screw and the absence of small accessories thereto gives firmness of feeling to the action of the slide, so that the workman can tell exactly what he is doing. All this is accomplished without a single piece of any kind being added to the mechanism, thus securing a minimum of both weight and expense. The adjustment is reduced absolutely to the fewest elements. No smaller number of elements can be employed, and, moreover, no greater advantages can be obtained from the use of a greater number of parts. Thus is satisfied the imperative requirements in this art — of lightness, rigidity, simplicity, inexpensiveness, durability, and delicacy of action.

Although I have shown a set-screw and a right and left differential screw, yet any other or convenient mechanical devices which in practice may be found desirable may be employed without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole, a threaded hole in the stock, a differently-threaded hole of different diameter in the sole, and a single thumb-screw having correspondingly-threaded shanks of large and small diameters working in both of said holes.

2. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole, a hole in said stock, a hole in said supplemental sole, one of said holes being of larger diameter than the other and one of said holes having a right-hand thread and the other having a left-hand thread, and a screw having shanks of corresponding sizes and threads and working in both of said holes.

3. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole, a hole in said stock having a right-hand thread, a hole of smaller diameter in said supplemental sole, and having a left-hand thread, and a screw having shanks of corresponding sizes and threads and working in said holes.

4. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole, a hole in said stock having a right-hand thread, a hole of smaller diameter in said supplemental sole and havinga left-hand thread of coarser pitch, and a screw having portions of corresponding sizes and threads and working in said holes.

5. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole; a threaded hole in the stock; a differently-threaded hole of smaller diameter in the sole; a single thumb-screw having differently-threaded shanks of large and small diameters working in said holes; and means for limiting the movement of said supplemental sole so as to prevent the withdrawal of said screw from said sole.

6. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole; a hole in said stock; a hole in said supplemental sole; one of said holes being of larger diameter than the other, and one of said holes having a right-hand thread and the other having a left-hand thread; a screw having portions of corresponding sizes and threads and working in both of said holes, and detachable means for clamping said supplemental sole to the stock; said clamping means including a part which limits the movement of said supplemental sole so as to prevent the withdrawal of said screw therefrom.

7. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole; a hole in said stock having a right-hand thread 5 a hole of smaller diameter in said supplemental sole having a left-hand thread; a screw having portions of corresponding sizes and threads and working in said holes; a slot in said supplemental sole, and a transverse clamping-screw passing through said slot and engaging said stock; the play of said slotted sole upon the shank of said clamping-screw being insufficient to permit the withdrawal of said adjusting-screw from the supplemental sole.

8. In a plane, the combination of a stock, a supplemental sole, and a screw having near its head a finely-threaded shank portion which is threaded into a hole in said stock, and also having at its tip a coarsely-threaded shank portion of smaller diameter which is threaded into a hole in the supplemental sole.

9. In a plane, the combination with a stock and a supplemental sole adjustable up and down thereon, of an up-and-down thumb-screw having at its upper end a threaded portion of fine pitch which works in a corresponding hole formed in the upper portion of the stock, and also having at its lower end a coarsely-threaded portion of smaller diameter which works in a corresponding hole in the supplemental sole.

10. In a plane, the combination with a stock; and a supplemental sole adjustable up and down thereon, of an up-and-down thumb-screw having at its upper end a right-hand-threaded portion of line pitch which works in a corresponding hole in the stock, and also having at its lower end a left-hand-threaded portion of smaller diameter and of coarse pitch which works in a corresponding hole in the supplemental sole.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. C. HINE,
F. L. TRAUT.

No. 706,576 – Plane (Axel L. Lundgren) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”565″]706576

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

AXEL L. LUNDGREN, OF PULLMAN, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF
ONE-HALF TO HARRY W. WOLFE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 706,576, dated August 12, 1902.
Application filed January 4, 1902. Serial No. 88,462. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AXEL L. LUNDGREN, a citizen of the United States, residing in Pullman, Cook county, Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to construct a plane which will be strong and compact in structure, neat in appearance, and easy of adjustment, and the parts of which will, moreover, be firmly and rigidly held in their adjusted positions; and the invention more particularly relates to the means by which this adjustment is accomplished and maintained and to the improvement of the construction and operation of the plane as a whole.

The invention further consists in the features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings illustrating the invention, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the plane of this invention; Fig. 2, a side elevation showing one of the sides of the stock or frame cut away, exposing the adjusting mechanism within; Fig. 3, a top or plan view with the cap or cover removed, and Fig. 4 a top or plan view with the wedge and bit removed from the stock or frame.

The plane of this invention is made with a stock: or frame A, which may be of metal or other suitable material having side walls a, a front end wall a’, a rear end wall a2, beveled at its upper corner, and a bottom or sole a3 for contact with the wood to be planed, and an escape-opening A’ in the side walls and a mouth a4 in the sole to allow for the projection of the bit therethrough and the escape of shavings from within the stock. Between the side walls and abutting against the interior of the rear end wall and the bottom or sole is a bed B, having an inclined upper face and made of wood or other suitable filling material provided with a forward recess b in its upper edge and a rear recess b’ in its rear edge, leaving a lug or bearing b2 between the two recesses, and into the forward end face of the recess b extends a bearing-hole b3, (Shown in dotted lines.) The bed may be held in position within the stock by a screw b4 or other suitable means.

An adjusting-screw C, extending diagonally through the beveled corner of the rear wall, through the lug or bearing b2 of the bed B, and into the bearing-hole b3, is provided at its free end with an adjusting thumb-nut c, bearing against the exterior wall of the stock or frame, and with a ring or collar c’ within the stock or frame, which allows the adjusting-screw to revolve and prevents its withdrawal or displacement. Carried upon the adjusting-screw and lying within the forward recess is a traveling nut D, having on its upper face a pin or pivot d, projecting into a hole e in a bit E, the cutting edge of which bit projects through the mouth in the sole or bottom and the body of which rests upon the inclined upper face of the bed B, thereby affording a means for adjusting the bit by imparting movement to the traveling nut.

The bit is provided with an outwardly-flaring cutting-head e’, and its radius of adjustment may be further increased by increasing the number of holes c, as shown in dotted lines. A clamping lever-block F, having in its upper face a longitudinally-extending slot f and a depression f’, leaving a contact-shoulder f2, and also provided with a bearing-plate f3, attached to its face, affords a means for holding the bit firmly in its adjusted position. A lever G, working within the slot, is provided with a cam-head g, through which extends a pivot-pin g’, carried by ears g2, formed in the bearing-plate and bent or turned to hold the pin firmly in place. A flat spring H, flxedly attached to the under face of the bearing-plate h3 at the point h, has its free end in contact with the lug of the bed and is pressed down against the lug under tension by the cam-head G of the lever when down, thereby holding the bearing-plate of the clamping lever-block in rigid contact with the bit, and a bearing-screw I is screw-threaded into an abutment i between the side walls of the stock or frame. The abutment is adapted to contact with the shoulder f2 in the upper face of the clamping lever-block to prevent the clamping lever-block from being carried forward beyond its proper point of adjustment while the bearing-screw serves to regulate the degree of pressure exerted by the bearing-plate of the clamping lever-block against the upper surface of the bit.

A filling-block J, held in place by a screw j or other suitable means, serves to add rigidity to the forward end of the stock or frame and to prevent the same from being clogged or filled up with shavings or other refuse, and a cap K, adapted to enter the opening in the stock or frame and provided with a depression or recess k in its under face for the reception of the clamping lever-block, and further provided with a flaring outwardly or extended top k’, projecting over the walls of the stock or frame, affords a suitable rest for the hand when in use.

It will thus be seen that the plane of this invention may be quickly and readily adjusted while in use without removing any of its parts by merely turning the adjusting-screw and projecting or receding the bit operated thereby. The clamping lever-block, with the spring compressed by the cam-headed lever, serves to hold the bit firmly and rigidly in place at all times; but when it becomes necessary to remove the bit for the purpose of sharpening or otherwise the same can be very easily accomplished by lifting the lever into the position shown in Fig. 3, whereby the cam-head is thrown back from contact with the flat spring, allowing the same to be released from tension, whereby the clamping lever-block released from contact with the adjusting-screw may be withdrawn from the stock or frame, allowing the bit to be subsequently removed. The action of the spring in raising the clamping lever-block at its rear end brings the contact of the bearing-plate of the clamping lever-block close to the cutting end of the bit at the point where the pressure is most needed, thereby serving to better hold the bit against displacement when in use. Moreover, by bringing the entire pressure of the bearing-plate upon a single portion of the bit the bearing-plate is made to bind or bite against the bit, thereby rendering the pressure more effective than if exerted by continuous contact between the clamping lever-block and the bit. It will thus be seen that the plane is simple and effective in its operation, easy in its adjustment, and strong and neat in its construction.

What I regard as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, having flat side walls and connecting end walls, inclosing the operative mechanism and having an escape-opening in its sides and a mouth in its sole, a bed having an inclined upper face, a bit resting against the inclined upper face of the bed and projecting through the mouthin the sole, a clamping lever-block lying between and in close contact with the side walls of the hollow stock, a flat spring connected to the clamping lever-block and projecting rearwardly therefrom having its free end in contact with the bed, an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block extending between the side walls, and a cam-headed lever pivoted at the rear end of the clamping lever-block and operating within a slot in the top thereof to have its cam-head contact with the flat spring, whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed raising the clamping lever-block against the abutment and forcing down the bit, substantially as described.

2. In a plane, the combination of a holder stock or frame having flat side walls and connecting end walls inclosing the operating mechanism and having an escape-opening in its sides and mouth and in its sole, a bed having an inclined upper face, a bit resting against the inclined face of the bed and projecting through the mouth in the sole, a clamping lever-block lying between and supported against lateral movement by the side wall of the stock having a forwardly-projecting bearing-plate attached to its bottom, a rearwardly-projecting spring attached to the bearing-plate, having its free end in contact with the bed, an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block carried between the side walls of the stock, a bearing-screw, screw-threaded through the abutment for contact with the upper face of the clamping lever-block and a cam-headed lever pivoted at the rear end of the clamping lever-block and operating within a slot in the top thereof to contact with the spring whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed, raising the clamping lever-block against the abutment forcing the forward end of the bearing-plate against the bit at a single point, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination of a hollow stock or frame having an escape-opening in its sides and a mouth in its sole, a bed having an inclined upper face with a recess therein, an adjusting-screw projecting through the recess in the bed, a traveling nut carried by the adjusting-screw and operating within the recess, a bit resting against the inclined face of the bed and carried by the traveling nut, and projected through the mouth in the sole, a clamping lever-block supported against lateral movement by the side walls of the hollow stock having a bearing-plate attached to its bottom, a rearwardly-projecting flat spring attached to the bearing-plate and having its free end in contact with the bed an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block, and a cam-headed lever pivoted to the lever-block and contacting with the spring whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed and the clamping lever-block against the abutment and the bearing-plate against the bit at a single point, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, the combination of a hollow stock or frame, a bed having an inclined upper face with a recess therein, an adjusting-screw projecting through the recess in the bed, a traveling nut carried by the adjusting-screw and operating within the recess, a bit resting against the inclined face of the bed and carried by the traveling nut and projecting through the mouth in the sole, a clamping lever-block having a forwardly-projecting plate attached to its bottom, a rearwardly-projecting flat spring attached to the bearing-plate and having its free end in contact with the bed, an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block, a bearing-nut screw-threaded through the abutment for contact with the clamping lever-block, and a cam-headed lever pivoted at the rear end of the clamping lever-block and operated within a slot therein to contact with the flat spring whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed raising the clamping lever-block against the abutment and the adjusting-screw and forcing the forward end of the bearing-plate against the hit at a single point, substantially as described.

5. In a plane, the combination of a hollow stock or frame having an escape-opening in its sides and a mouth in its sole, and having its upper rear corner inclined or beveled, a bed within the stock or frame having an inclined upper face with a forward recess therein, and a rear recess in the rear upper corner of the bed leaving a bearing-lug between the recesses, an adjusting-screw projecting through the beveled rear wall of the stock and the lug in the bed and through the recesses therein, a traveling nut provided with an upwardly-extending pin and carried by the adjusting-screw to operate within the forward recess, a bit resting against the inclined face of the bed and carried by the pin on the traveling nut, a clamping lever-block having a forwardly-projecting bearing-plate attached to its bottom, a rearwardly-projecting flat spring attached to the bearing-plate and having its free end in contact with the bed, an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block, a bearing-screw screw-threaded through the abutment for contact with the clamping lever-block, and a cam-headed lever pivoted at the rear end of the lever-block and lying when forced down within a slot in the top of the lever-block and having its cam-head in contact I with the flat spring whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed raising the clamping lever-block against the bearing-screw and forcing the forward end of the bearing-plate against the bit at a single point, substantially as described.

6. In a plane, the combination of a hollow stock or frame having an escape-opening in its sides and a mouth in its sole, and having its upper rear corner inclined or beveled, a bed within the stock or frame having an inclined upper face with a forward recess therein, and a rear recess in the rear upper corner of the bed leaving a bearing-lug between the recesses, an adjusting-screw projecting through the beveled rear wall of the stock and the lug in the bed and through the recesses therein, a head on the adjusting-screw contacting with the outer face of the beveled corner, a traveling nut provided with an upwardly-extending pin and carried by the adjusting-screw to operate within the forward recess, a bit resting against the inclined face of the bed and carried by the pin on the traveling nut, a clamping lever-block supported against lateral movement by the side walls of the hollow stock having a forwardly-projecting bearing-plate attached to its bottom, a rearwardly-projecting flat spring having its free end in contact with the bed, an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block, a bearing-screw screw-threaded through the abutment for contact with the clamping lever-block, a cam-headed lever pivoted at the rear end of the clamping lever-block and operating within a slot in the top thereof to contact with the flat spring whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed raising the clamping lever-block against the bearing-screw and forcing the forward end of the bear-
ing-plate against the bit at a single point, a filling-block in the forward end of the stock or frame, and a cap fitting within the top of the stock or frame, substantially as described.

AXEL L. LUNDGREN.

Witnesses:
THOMAS A. BANNING,
SAMUEL W. BANNING.

No. 703,158 – Plane (Alix W. Stanley And Henry S. Walter) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”564″]703158

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALIX W. STANLEY AND HENRY S. WALTER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO
STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY OF NEW BRITAIN CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 703,158, dated June 24, 1902.
Application filed December 27, 1901. Serial No. 87,500. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ALIX NV. STANLEY and HENRY S.WALTER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

Our invention relates to improvements in the construction of planes.

The object of our invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive, and effective means for securing in place the means whereby the position of the cap of the plane is determined, as will he understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing.

In the illustration we have shown a side elevation of a plane fitted with an embodiment of our improved construction, parts of the plane being seen in section.

The plane which we have chosen to here describe is an iron plane, in which A is the bottom.

B is what is commonly termed the “frog” of the plane. This frog B is secured to the base and presents an inclined upper surface leading down to the slot in the base A, through which the plane-iron C projects. In this type C’ is a plane-iron cap, the two parts thus forming a double plane-iron. The iron C furnishes the cutting edge.

D is what is termed the “cap.” In the particular construction shown this cap is provided with a cam D’.

E is what is termed the “cap-screw” or “holder.” This part E is ordinarily in the form of a headed screw, which takes into a tapped hole in the frog B. This holder E is seldom if ever adjusted after it has been secured in its proper position, and it is desirable to have it snugly retained in that position, so that it will not work loose and disturb the adjustment or allow chattering of the parts when in use. At the same time it is desirable not to have a permanent connection in order that in the event of an emergency a new holder can be inserted. In case the cap should become broken or lost a new cap must be inserted, and if it should vary slightly in dimensions from the original cap the holder must be adjusted. It will therefore be seen that an adjustable cap-screw that will not become loose or accidentally disturbed from its proper position is the end which we seek to attain.

F is a lever or Y adjustment pivoted to the frog B, one end of which is adapted to engage with the plane-iron C, the other end being engaged by an adjusting-nut G. This nut or thumb-nut G is movable on a screw or post H, also carried by the frog B. The plane-iron may be advanced or retracted relatively to the bottom of the plane by means of the adjusting-nut G, which operates the lever F, engaging with the plane-iron, regulating the depth of the cutting edge in the usual manner.

Our invention will be found to consist in so arranging the screw-threaded or tapped passages in the frog B for the cap-screw E and the post H that the said passages intersect for the purpose of permitting the post H to be set up against the holder or cap-screw E when the latter is in its proper position.

We thus securely lock the parts in place to prevent their becoming accidentally displaced or loosened. The screw or post H therefore performs a double function. Not only is it a means for supporting the thumb-nut G for the adjustment of the plane-iron, but it also forms the locking means for the cap-screw or holder. In our preferred construction the thread of the screw E, adjacent the point where the end of the screw H is to engage and lock the same, is turned down, so as to remove the screw-threads. Consequently the end of the screw H will not batter the screw E and render it difficult or impossible to operate it when desired. Furthermore, by so doing a better bearing-face is afforded for the end of the locking screw or post H. Heretofore the frictional engagement of the screw-threads of the cap-screw E has been solely relied upon as the means for holding the screw in position.

By our improvement a simple, inexpensive, and effective means is provided whereby if the frictional engagement of the screw-threads is insufficient the movement of the cap~screw is nevertheless prevented.

The assembling of the plane is accomplished in the well-known manner, there being nothing to require special instructions in regard thereto. The plane-iron is inserted in the usual way, and the cap D is placed thereon, a keyhole-opening D2 in the cap allowing the cap to be slipped on over the holder E. It is then slid down into place, so that the head of the screw or holder E will stand over and engage the cap D. The cam D’ is then swung down into the position shown, and thus securely clamps the parts together. Should the cap-screw E become loose, the plane-iron or parts associated therewith will be likely to chatter, producing unevenness and other undesirable results in the work performed. This is entirely avoided by the employment of our invention.

It should be obvious that the improvements in the construction herein set forth are applicable to many different styles of planes, wood as well as iron, and that the bearing for the plane-iron instead of being a separate frog might be made an integral part of the plane itself, also that the particular form and arrangement are not material so long as the combination of cap-screw and post H is such that the latter element performs the double function of supporting the thumb-nut G and securing the cap-screw effectively in place.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, a plane-iron, a bearing therefor, a cap-screw for holding said plane-iron in engagement with said bearing, an adjusting-screw for regulating the position of said plane-iron, said adjusting-screw also engaging said cap-screw to lock it, substantially as described.

2. In a plane, a plane-iron, a cap-screw for holding said plane-iron in position, an adjusting-nut, a screw therefor, said screw engaging said cap-screw, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, a plane-iron, a cap-screw for holding said plane-iron in position, a portion of the thread on said cap-screw being turned down, a separate screw engaging the turned-down portion of said cap-screw, and an adjusting-nut mounted upon said separate screw, and means coacting with said adjusting-nut for shifting the position of the plane-iron without disturbing the adjustment of the cap-screw.

4. In a plane, a holding-screw E set into the frog B, an adjusting-nut working on a screw H, said screw engaging said holder to lock it in position, substantially as described.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 5th day of December, 1901.

ALIX W. STANLEY.
HENRY S. WALTER.

Witnesses:
CHAS. B. STANLEY,
ROBT. N. PECK.

No. 701,471 – Bench-Plane Guide (George G. Dennis) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”563″]701471

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE G. DENNIS, OF MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR OF
ONE-HALF TO GEORGE A. DOLBER, OF MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

BENCH-PLANE GUIDE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 701,471, dated June 3, 1902.
Application filed September 9, 1901. Serial No. 74,761. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I GEORGE G. DENNIS a citizen of the United States, residing at Manchester, in the county of Hillsboro and State of New Hampshire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Plane Guides; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in bench-plane guides and contemplates a simple and durable guide adapted to be readily attached to iron planes and which in use is very efficient and is not liable to disorder.

The nature of my invention will be readily comprehended, reference being had to the following detailed description and to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved guide attached to a plane. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plane and an elevation of the attached guide. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view on line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view on line 4 4 of Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawings by letter, A denotes an iron bench-plane, which may be of the usual construction. At one side of the plane is the usual vertical flange a, having an intermediate enlargement a’.

My improved guide is comprised of a frame B, having at its ends vertical extensions b b’ and an intermediate outwardly-projecting lug b2. At the rear side and toward the ends of the frame B are ears c c, apertured to receive pins d d, which pivotally connect to the frame the adjustable guide-plate E. The guide plate has at its outer side and centrally a slotted and apertured ear c’, to which is pivotally connected by a pin d’ one end of an arm f The other end of the arm occupies a slot b3 in the lug b2, and g is a thumb-nut, which is screwed into the lug against the arm to maintain the adjustment of the guide-plate.

The extension b is provided at its upper end with a return bend b4, which hooks over the flange a. To the upper end of the extension b is pivotally secured, by means of a pin d2, a cam H, having a handle h.

In attaching the guide to the plane the frame is slid toward the rear until the forward rise of the flange enlargement wedges tightly between the hook b and the forward ear c The cam is then turned to tightly clamp the body of the plane between it and the rearward ear c The guide is thus easily and quickly attached and detached and when in place is firmly held against movement.

I claim as my invention —

A guide for flanged bench-planes consisting of a frame having at one end an extension terminating in an integral hook to engage the flange, an extension at the other end of the frame, a cam pivoted on the latter extension adapted to clamp the body of the plane, ears on the frame, a guide-plate pivoted to the ears, a pivoted arm on the guide-plate adjustable in a slot in a lug on the frame, and a set-screw passed through the lug against the arm for maintaining the adjustment.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE G. DENNIS.

Witnesses:
GEO. W. PRESCOTT,
FRED T. DUNLAP.

No. 696,414 – Plane (George P. Davidson) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”562″]696414

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE P. DAVIDSON, OF PORT CHESTER, NEW YORK.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 696,414, dated April 1, 1902.
Application filed October 26, 1901. Serial No. 80,032. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE P. DAVIDSON, a citizen of the United States, residing in Port Chester, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and has for its object to provide a plane of improved construction wherein the advantages appertaining to a metal plane-stock and to a wooden plane-stock are combined.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plane having a sole of wood and metal.

Another object is to provide a plane wherein the plane-iron is impressed and held in position by contact with wood and metal.

Another object is to provide a plane wherein the plane-iron is held in place by contact with wood positioned by metal.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plane possessing the desirable characteristics of an old-fashioned plane, but ernbodying the advantages of a metal plane.

Many users of planes prefer a plane having a wooden sole, because they regard a plane working with wood to wood as running more smoothly and easier than one having a metal sole; but the tendency of a wooden sole upon coming in contact with a knot, or if a cornposite piece of wood is being planed with a piece of wood which is harder than the wood surrounding it, is to jump. The metal sole, however, has more of a tendency to hang to its work and keep the plane-iron down into the wood irrespective of knots or denser texture. Having in view this fact, I have pro-
vided a plane having a combined wooden and metal sole, so that the bearing-surface may be made of wood for the purpose of securing easy running, but with suflicient iron or other metal on the sole to cause the plane to hang to its work when obstacles are encountered.

In metal planes it has been found impracticable to make the plane-iron as heavy and substantial as the plane-irons heretofore employed in the old-fashioned wooden planes, the plane-irons of the modern iron plane being of such thin material that they heat in the work, frequently drawing the temper.

My invention provides a plane wherein the old-fashioned plane-iron may be employed, held in place by a wooden wedge, wedging the back of the plane-iron against a wooden block, but yet where the bearing-surfaces for those blocks are made of metal, thus obviating all liability of the bearing-surfaces getting away from their proper positions or splitting or distorting the main structure by incessant adjustment of the parts.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view of a form of my invention embodied in a block-plane. Fig. 2 is a cross-section in the line a a of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective of the metal frame of the plane. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the sole of the plane, and Fig. 5 is one of the detached wooden plates.

Similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts in the various figures.

Referring to the drawings, my invention is shown as applied to a plane wherein the stock (designated in a general way by A) comprises a frame, (designated in a general way by B,) which frarne is preferably composed of a single casting having side members 6 6, which side members are connected by integral bars 7 7, so disposed as to leave a mouth 8, the stock at the back of which mouth is provided with a seat or rest 9 for the plane-iron and a positioning bar or rest 10 for the plane-handle block. The side members are also provided with lugs 11 11, adapted for the wedge to bear against. Suitable chambers 12 are provided in the sole ot’ the frame to receive blocks or plates 13, formed of wood, disposed in such chambers and between the side members and suitably-formed ridges 14 of the frame, the side members, mouth, ridges, and wooden plates making a composite sole.

The upper side of the plane is provided with a handle 15, secured to a block 16, which block is effective to rest upon the cross-bars 7 7 and against the bar 10 for positioning the same, into which handle-block screws passing through the sole-plates may enter, the front part of the frame being also provided with a block 17 and handle 18, into which block the screws of the forward plates may enter. After the plane-stock has been assembled the wood and metal of the sole may be made smooth in any convenient manner, as by grinding. A plane-iron 19 of any ordinary or suitable construction may be employed, which may have a suitable cap 20 screwed thereto, the plane-iron being adapted to lie upon the seat or rest 9 formed on the frame and against a portion 16′ of the wooden handle-block and to be held in place by means of a wooden wedge 21, lying upon the cap and passing behind the lugs 11 11 on the frame, the plane-iron thus being positioned by immovable metal parts, but being held by contact with wood.

By my invention a plane may be produced of greater strength and lightness than planes now in use, which is due to the organization of the component parts, and the cooperation of the parts is such that lighter metals may be employed in the construction of a plane than has heretofore been found practicable.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A plane having, in combination with a plane-iron, a metal support therefor in direct contact with the iron adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

2. In a plane, the combination of a plane-stock having a sole comprised of wooden and of metal portions, the metal portion forming a rest for the lower end of the plane-iron; a wooden portion secured to the plane-stock and forming part thereof, and effective to form a support for the central portions of the plane-iron; lugs on the metal portion; and a wooden wedge interposed between such lugs and plane-iron to hold such iron in place.

3. A plane having, in combination with a plane-iron, a wooden support in direct contact with the plane-iron above the cutting edge thereof; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

4. In a plane, the combination with a plane-iron and a metal frame, of a metal support for said iron in direct contact therewith adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

5. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame; a wooden sole; and a plane-iron, of a metal support for said iron extending from the frame and in direct contact with the iron adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

6. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame; a composite sole; and a plane-iron, of a metal support for said iron extending from the frame and in direct contact with the iron adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

7. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame, and a wooden sole, of a wooden handle-supporting block to which said wooden sole is secured and between which the frame is clamped.

8. In a plane, the combination with a chambered metal frame, of a wooden sole comprising strips inlaid in the chambers of the frame; and a wooden handle-supporting block to which said wooden sole is secured and between which the frame is clamped.

9. In a plane, the combination with a chambered metal frame, of a plane-iron, a wooden sole comprising strips inlaid in the chambers of the frame in front of and at the rear of the said plane-iron, and wooden handle-supporting blocks also located in front of and at the rear of said plane-iron, and to which the wooden sole is secured and between which and said sole the frame is clamped.

10. In a plane, the combination with a wooden sole, of a metal frame in which said wooden sole is inlaid and which is provided with a rubbing-surface encircling the wooden sole at the sides and at the ends of the plane, and wooden handle-supporting blocks to which said wooden sole is secured, and between which and said sole the frame is clamped.

11. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame and a plane-iron, of a wooden sole inlaid in said frame; a metal support for the plane-iron in direct contact therewith adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of said iron as the said metal support; lugs extending from opposite sides of the metal frame and constituting a reaction member located on the side of the plane-iron opposite to which said metal support and wooden support are situated, and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said lugs.

GEORGE P. DAVIDSON.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM G. SLATER,
DE WITT H. LYON.

No. 696,081 – Plane (Henry Richards) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”561″]696081

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY RICHARDS, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY,
OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 696,081, dated March 25, 1902.
Application filed November 2, 1901. Serial No. 80,854. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, HENRY RICHARDS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pine Meadow, in the town of New Hartford, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates principally to the manner of seating frogs upon the stocks of bench-planes. Stocks are generally cast with wide and broad thick seats, thus making a large mass of metal at one portion of a thin casting, which engenders trouble both in casting the stock and subsequently in finishing the same. In casting the thin plates forming the sole and sides of the stock cool, while the thick mass forming the seat is still hot, so that as the latter subsequently cools stresses are set up, which are liable to cause flaws in the castings. In finishing these stresses become manifest when the bottom surface of the sole is faced off by throwing the surface out of alinement, making an extra finishing operation necessary. Moreover, finishing a broad surface for the frog-seat often throws the stock out of true, necessitating a further cut to be taken upon the bottom surface thereof. Metal planes are peculiarly sensitive to the action of such stresses, since the sole and flanges thereof are necessarily made thin in order to minimize the weight, and hence warp from very slight causes. Moreover, the weight of a broad and wide solid seat for the frog, with which the stock is usually provided, is a source of objection. For this reason it is impracticable to form threaded holes of requisite depth for properly receiving the vertical frog-clamping screws, so that stripping of the threads is liable to occur and the screws do not reliably clamp the frog upon its seat. Moreover, said seats have not sufficient thickness to properly accommodate a fore-and-aft frog-adjusting screw. Many of these defects are due to the necessity of lowering the seat of the frog as far as possible, so that the seat may extend close to the throat, thus making the unsupported fore part of the frog of minimum length to avoid chattering. It is principally for this reason that said seat cannot in good practice be of such height as to have a substantial bracing effect upon the stock, so that the latter is very liable to warp, even being distorted in some cases by the mere tightening of the frog-clamping screws. Again, planes as heretofore constructed have been more or less liable to chatter, this fault being-attributed to the upward pressure or reaction of the wood against the edge of the blade, whereby the fore part of the frog is sprung, thus setting up a vibration. This is particularly the case when the wood is hard and resistinge — as, for instance, in facing rose-wood across the end of the grain. Owing to this defect the range of work which can be performed by a plane of the usual structure is seriously reduced, so that it is necessary in most cases when facing across the end of the grain to employ a different type of a plane specially fitted for the work.

This invention aims to improve the operation of the plane and increase its range of usefulness and also to enable high-class planes to be produced at low cost by overcoming various difficulties in their manufacture. I greatly reduce the stresses which are set up by the cooling of the stock in casting, so as to prevent flaws and also minimize the liability of the stock warping at the finishing operations, and I restrict such stresses to a limited portion of the plane considered lengthwise, thus avoiding the usual depressions or hollows in the stock, due to shrinkage. I reduce the surface forming the main seat for the frog, so that the finishing thereof may not warp the stock, and distribute the metal in such a manner that the stock is substantially stiffened without adding to its weight unduly, if at all. I make provision for threaded holes of ample depth and capacity and seat the frog so firmly upon the stock as not only to prevent chattering, but also to greatly improve the effectiveness of the plane and increase its range of efficiency and to steady the fore part of the frog at the point where the plane-iron is clamped thereon, while permitting ample adjustment for closing or opening the throat, and also prevent chattering of the plane, due to the springing of the frog, by either the downward drag or the upward resistance of the wood. In general I furnish a construction adapted to meet all of the numerous and peculiar requirements necessary in practice for satisfactory results in planes of this class, and especially when employed upon highly-resistant woods and when set for the production of fine surfaces, in which cases any flexibility or chattering is particularly objectionable.

A further object of my invention is to overcome a fault in the cam usually employed to clamp the plane-irons upon the frog, whereby the pressure at the lower portion of the blade is relieved and chips are permitted to crowd up between the blade and the cap-plate thereon.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a plane made in accordance with my improvements. Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken on the line x x of Fig. 3 and showing an adjustable frog from the rear. Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the frog and parts adjacent thereto shown at Fig. 1, this section being taken on the median line of the plane. Fig. 4 is a section similar to Fig. 3, but taken on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a plan of the middle section of my improved plane-stock and showing also a frog-adjusting screw. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 4, but showing the frog as adjusted forwardly so as to nearly close the throat.

In the several views similar parts are designated by similar numerals of reference.

The plane-stock may consist of a thin floor or sole 1, finished upon its bottom surface, and thin side flanges 2, connected forwardly of the throat 3 by means of a thin high stiffening-rib 4. The stock may also be provided with the usual back handle 5 and front knob 6. At a point well in rear of the throat I join the flanges 2 by a high rib 7, which may be rather thin in cross-section, and trusses the side flanges, producing a stilf box-like device. The top edge of the rib is faced off at 7a in parallelism with the bottom or working surface of the stock. Upon the forward side of the rib 7 I provide bosses 8, one at each side of the median line of the plane, in which I form threaded vertical holes 9 for the reception of screws 10, which clamp a frog 11 upon the stock. At a point between the bosses 8 I form in the rib 7 a threaded horizontal perforation 12 for the reception of a screw 13, whereby the frog may be adjusted forward and back, so as to close or open the throat 3. Along the rear edge of the throat I thicken the sole and finish its upper surface at 14 in parallelism with the top 7a of the rib 7, so that the surfaces 14 and 7a may cooperate to form a chair for the frog. The thickened portion at 14 braces the comparatively weak sole of the plane at this point, but is very much depressed below the surface 7a, so that said surfaces form steps, which are separated, so as to give a broad bearing for the frog.

The frog consists of the body portion 11 and a forwardly-sloping bed 15, the lower part of the latter at 15a projecting downwardly and forwardly from the body portion. At its lower edge said projecting part is fitted upon the step 14, so that the frog may be adjusted forward and back in parallelism with the working face of the plane and be always firmly seated upon the chair. As will be observed at Fig. 4, the frog is provided with slots 16 for the binding-screws 10, permitting the adjustment of the frog, which may be effected by means of the fore-and-aft screw 13, whose grooved head engages a slotted ear 17, secured to the frog by a screw 18.

A blade 19 lies upon the bed 15 and projects beyond the lower edge thereof into the throat 3. This blade may be of the usual construction and is provided with a customary cap-plate 20. The usual longitudinal and transverse adjustments may be effected by means of a screw-operated yoke-lever 21 and a swinging lever 22. The plate-irons 10 and 20 are releasably secured upon the bed by means of a clamping-bow 23, which bears at its lower end upon the cap-plate 20 and at its upper end is provided with an improved cam-lever 24 and works upon the head of a screw 25, projecting from the frog.

It will be observed that by dividing the chair into two well-separated portions abroad seat is obtained for the frog without unduly weighting the plane. The forward step 14 steadies the frog, and hence the blade, at a point close at the working surface of the plane, the plane being adjustable for different kinds of work without detracting from the steadiness of the frog at this point. The high truss 7 renders the stock especially rigid at the very point where the distortive stresses are produced by the clamping-screws, so that the frog may be securely clamped upon its broad chair without warping the thin plane-stock.

The feature of adequately supporting the fore part of the frog when it is adjusted forwardly for different classes of work, as at Fig. 6, is of great importance in my improved plane, since the blade is always given a firm bearing at a point very close to its cutting edge. My improvement is of great value when the plane is used upon highly-resistant woods and when set for the production of line surfaces, in which case any flexibility of the knife is particularly objectionable, producing chattering and making it difiicult or impossible to produce the desired finish. It will also be seen that by dividing the chair into two steps and placing one thereof close to the edge of the throat, so as to afford a positive support for the lower edge of the frog, I am able to heighten the rear step materially, and I thus not only materially stiffen the thin plane-stock, but apply the stiffening-truss at the very portion which is subjected to the most stress. Moreover, I am enabled to increase the depth of the holes for the clamping-screws and also to make ample provision for a fore-and-aft adjusiing-screw and all without adding materially to the weight, but instead reducing the objectionable thickness of metal usual in stock of this kind.

A further and important feature of my improvements appertains to the means illustrated for putting the fore part or nose of the frog normally under tension, whereby I am enabled to secure a perfect action of the plane. As will be observed at Fig. 4, the clamping-screws 10 bear upon the frog at a point between the two steps of the chair, thereby not only clamping the body of the frog securely upon the rear step, but also tending to flex the fore part of the frog and holding it down upon the seat 14 with considerable pressure. Owing to this normal tension upon the frog, it results that applying pressure to or removing it from the blade when planing operates in a far less degree than heretofore to spring the frog. It will be understood that when a frog is held upon a broad single seat by means of screws located in the usual manner this normal stress or tension of the frog is wanting, and the fore part of the frog consequently is left somewhat flexible, so that the pressure of the wood upward under the point of the blade springs up both the blade and the frog and permits a vibration which in many cases amounts to a chattering of the edge of the blade upon the wood. Thus it will be seen that I not only provide a positive support at all times for the fore part of the frog, but also that I spring said fore part upon said support, so that the blade is prevented from chattering either by the downward pull or by the upward thrust of the wood. I thus widen the range of work for which this type of plane is adapted and secure a more reliable operation and better results generally on all kinds of work.

Owing to the proximity of the clamping-screws to the rear-step 7a and their remoteness from the forward step 14, the pressure upon the frog is distributed between the two steps in substantial correspondence to the relative abilities of the two portions of the thin stock to sustain the pressure, without warping or distortion, so that the frog is thus put into condition to avoid chattering without incurring a liability of distorting the stock.

The cam-lever 24 is formed with a curved working surface 24a, which as the lever is turned gradually forces the bow against the plane-irons, said surface 24a terminating in a tangential stop-surface 24b, which arrests the lever just as the point of greatest compression is reached, so that there is no possibility of a reactional movement of the plane-irons, as is usually the case, and the latter are held under maximum tension, thus im-
proving their action and avoiding the liability of chips working between the irons.

Not the least of the several valuable features of my invention consists in the provision for adjustment of the frog forth and back in substantial parallelism with the nnished bottom or working surface of the stock and at the same time enabling said frog however adjusted to be firmly supported not only at its main or body portion, but also at its front end. At least one and preferably both of the elements 15a and 14 are finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of the stock, and the same is true of the elements 7 and 11. In the construction illustrated a parallelism of adjustment is secured through a parallelism of bearing-surfaces with the working or bottom face of the stock, one of said parallel bearing-surfaces being in front and being formed or provided upon either the frog or the stock, and another of said parallel bearing-surfaces being in rear and also formed or provided upon either the frog or the stock, the surfaces contacting with said parallel bearing-surfaces being themselves preferably also parallel with said working face of the stock, thereby giving considerable breadth or area of contact at both the fore and aft portions of the frog, which is desirable. It will be understood that by having at least one such parallel bearing-surface in front and at the lower portion of the plane and at least one more such parallel bearing-surface in rear and at a considerable elevation it becomes practicable both to adjust the frog forth and back and also to support the same firmly both fore and aft at all such adjustments. I consider it of especial value that the portion 7 of the stock has a stepwise arrangement relatively to the bearing-surface at the throat in said stock, since thereby it becomes practicable in this class of planes to effect a parallel adjustment of the frog while always firmly supporting not only the body but also the fore foot of the latter, this fore foot being an exceedingly sensitive part of the plane and the true action thereof being of the utmost importance. It will be observed that the frog at its forward end affords a direct support for the lower ends of the plane-irons and also at said end and close to the lower ends of said plane-irons bears directly upon the sole of the stock at all times. By maintaining the frog constantly at the same vertical distance from the working-surface or floor of the stock the throat may be closed or opened to any extent by a simple and rapid manipulation without the necessity of resetting the plane-irons either in longitudinal direction or transversely by means of the lever 22, while at all times the action of the plane is rendered most satisfactory. In this instance the adjustment of the frog is effected by means of a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of the stock beneath the base of the frog and connected to the latter.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of my invention, and portions of my improvements may be used without others.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, so as to form a chair for a frog; and said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device.

2. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; said depressed step being in the form of a slight thickening of the edge of the sole along the rear side of the throat, and said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; the upper surfaces of said steps being linished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, so as to form a chair for a frog.

3. A metallic plane-stock having a high step which is provided with a deep threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat and forward of said high step a depressed step; and said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

4. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a thin high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step, said rib being provided with two deep holes for receiving frog-clamping devices, one hole at each side of the stock; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step which is formed by thickening the throat edge of the sole; said step being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog, and each thereof being finished parallel with the working surface of the stock.

5. A metallic plane-stock having a rear step provided at its front side with a threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; and also having at the rear edge of the throat and forward of said threaded hole a depressed step; said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

6. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses the flanges and also forms a rear step; said step having at its forward side two threaded holes, one at each side of the median line of the stock, for receiving frog-clamping screws; said sole also having at the rear edge of the throat, a thickening which forms a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

7. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a long frog-adjusting screw, which may project forwardly through said rib; and also having an upfand-down threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; said steps being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog, and being finished parallel with the working surface of the stock.

8. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a long frog-adjusting screw, which may project forwardly through said rib; and said sole also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and being substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, and being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

9. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a frog-adjusting screw, and also having at its front side two vertical threaded holes, one upon each side of said perforation, for receiving frog-clamping screws; said sole being also thickened at the rear edge of the throat so as to form a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, and being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

10. A metallic plane-stock having well in rear of the throat a pair of vertically bored and threaded bosses formed upon the front side of a rear step; said stock also having at the rear edge of said throat and forward of said bosses a thickening which forms a depressed forward step; and said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

11. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a pair of vertically-bored bosses formed upon the front side of a narrow high transverse rib that trusses said flanges, and also forms a rear step; said stock also having at the rear of said throat a depressed forward step; said steps being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog; and said rib being also provided between said bosses with a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a frog-adjusting device.

12. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throata depressed step, and wellin rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock; said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; and said frog being fitted to and adjustably secured upon said steps.

13. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a sole and side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; and said frog being fitted upon said steps and secured thereto by one or more screws which pass down into deep holes formed in said truss, and being also connected to a fore-and-aft screw which engages a threaded perforation also formed in said truss.

14. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a chair consisting of separated seats, of a frog fastened upon said chair by means of a device which bears upon the frog at a point between said seats and thereby causes the frog to bear upon both seats.

15. In a plane, the combination with a stock; having a chair consisting of separated seats, of a frog fastened upon said chair by means of a device which bears upon the frog at a point between said seats but close to one thereof, so as to cause the frog to bear unequally upon the seats.

16. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog fastened thereon and capable of fore-and-aft adjustment; said stock having a sole and side flanges, and having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; and said frog being fastened by one or more screws placed at the forward side of said rear step, and bearing upon the frog between its fore~and-aft supports, so that the frog is rigidly seated upon the rear step and is also caused to bear firmly upon the front step at all such adjustments of said frog.

17. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock; said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; and said frog being fitted to and adjustably secured upon said steps; plane-irons; a clamping-bow; and a cam-lever formed with a curved working surface 24a, which as the lever is turned gradually forces the bow against the plane-irons, said surface 24a terminating in a tangential stop-surface 24b, which arrests the lever just as the point of greatest compression is reached.

18. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of the stock and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof;
said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; and at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface, so as to close and open the throat, and be always conjointly supported by said steps.

19. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; and at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface so as to close and open the throat, and be always conjointly supported by said steps; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of said stock beneath the base of said frog; and a connection between said frog and said screw; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back.

20. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface, so as to close and open the throat, and still be firmly supported upon said steps conjointly; and a screw threaded down into the material of said elevated step, and effective to clamp said frog to said stock at all adjustments of the former.

21. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working face so as to close and open the throat, and always be supported by said steps; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of said stock beneath the base of said frog; a connection between said frog and said screw whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back; and a screw threaded down into the material of said step and effective to clamp said frog to said stock at all adjustments of the former.

22. A metal plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges and also having a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device well in rear of the throat; said stock being also provided forwardly of said rib with a depressed step, and having also a rear elevated bearing-surface having a stepwise relation to said depressed step and which con jointly with said depressed step forms a chair in combination with a frog formed to engage and be guided by the parallel surfaces of said steps, whereby it may be adjusted forth and back said steps being finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of said stock.

23. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog thereon adjustable fore and aft in parallelism with the working surface of said stock; and plane-irons carried by said frog; said frog at its forward end both affording a direct support for the lower ends of the plane-irons, and also at said forward end and close to the lower ends of said plane-irons bearing upon the sole of the stock at all positions to which said frog may be adjusted; and separate means for supporting the main portion or body of said frog in such a manner as to permit said adjustment thereof; said separate supporting means being engaged by said frog at a material elevation above the sole of said stock.

24. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog bearing upon the sole of the plane at the rear border of the throat; an elevated support well in rear of the throat; said frog having a main seat resting upon said elevated support; means for clamping said frog; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into said support beneath said frog; and an ear provided upon said frog and connected to said screw, whereby the frog may be adjusted by turning said screw; said frog, at all such adjustments thereof, bearing at its front end upon the sole at the rear border of the throat.

25. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog clamped thereon; a main support for said frog being provided upon said stock and rising to a material elevation above the sole thereof; and afore-and-aft screw threaded into said main support beneath said frog and connected to the latter so as to effect fore-and-aft adjustments thereof; said frog having a part which extends forwardly and downwardly from said support and bears at its lower end upon the sole of the stock at the rear border of the throat, at all adjustments effected by said screw.

HENRY RICHARDS.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 695,668 – Core-Box Plane (Alfred S. Brower) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”560″]695668

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALFRED S. BROWER, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK.

CORE-BOX PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 695,668, dated March 18, 1902.
Application filed December 26, 1901. Serial No. 87,300. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED SPENCER BROWER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Core-Box Planes, of which the following is a full and complete Specification, such as will enable those skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to planes for use in cutting a sernicircular recess in a block of wood to form a core-box. As at present constructed such planes are formed of a right-angle or sectionally-L-shaped frame with the cutter set in and immediately beneath the base thereof so that the cutter moves longitudinally of the semicircular or semicylindrical recess of the core-box, and the side of the right-angle or sectionally L-shaped frame will contact with the upper edges or corners of the semicylindrical recess and guide the plane in its cutting, so that it will make a true or perfect semicircle and semicylindrical recess; but as the cutter must project below the level of the base the said cutter is not at a proper point to comply with the geometrical law governing this action of the core-box plane, and this results in cutting the semicircle a little deeper than it would be out if the plate were at the true line or apex of the right angle, and since the cutting edge and its angle contact-point are different the plane does not guide truly, and when the semicylindrical recess has been cut the top of the core-box must be planed off, so as to make a section of the core-box a true semicircle. If the relative form of the frame is so changed that the blade lies at the true point relatively to the angle, this extra deep cutting may be avoided; but in that case the cutter acts as the sole support at the base of the device, and the base and side of the frame in its movement rub forcibly against the corners of the core-box and wear them away, so that the semicircle is still untrue.

It is the object of my invention to produce a device by means whereof the plane will be supported upon that portion of its base which is in contact with the surface being out and upon those portions of the base and of the side which contact with the corners or upper edges of the semicylindrical recess, so that an accurate semicylindrical recess may be cut by the repeated longitudinal movements of the plane.

The invention consists in the novel construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which like letters of reference designate corresponding parts in the several views, Figure 1 is an end elevation of a plane embodying my invention and a core-box upon which it is in position to operate. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the plane. Fig. 3 is an inverted plan view thereof. Fig. 4 is a front elevation, part of the base portion or guide of the plane being broken away.

In the practice of my invention I provide a device or tool of the class specified which comprises a body portion a, consisting of an oblong plate, and a base or guide portion b, also consisting of an oblong plate, said base or guide portion being preferably much wider than the body portion a and being secured to the bottom edge thereof at right angles thereto, the connection of the base or guide portion b with the body portion a being preferably made by countersinkiug said base or guide portion into the body portion, as is also indicated in Figs. 1 and 4. The body portion of the tool is also provided centrally of the bottom portion thereof with an inclined slot or groove a2, which communicates with an opening or passage a3, which extends upwardly and backwardly in line with said slot or opening and through the top portion of said body portion of the tool, and placed in the slot or opening a2 is a bit or cutter proper which is designated by the reference character c and which is provided with a shank c2, which passes upwardly through the opening or passage a3, and said bit or tool proper is held in place by a wedge d in the usual manner. The edge of the bit or cutter proper passes through the bottom of the slot or opening a2, as clearly shown in Fig. 2, and said bit or tool may be adjusted by means of the wedge d, as will be readily understood.

The body portion a of the plane is provided upon its under surface forwardly of the cutter c with a rabbet groove or kerf a4 of a depth equal to the customary or desired depth of the cut or shaving of the plane, which groove or kerf at its rear end communicates with the slot or opening a2. By reason of this rabbet groove or kerf a4 the cutter in its operative position ready to shave the wood lies in its relative projection below the roof of the said groove at a point corresponding to the normal level or surface of the base portion of the plane, and therefore that portion of the body or upright side which is at the rear of the plane is flush or on the same level with the edge of the cutter.

The operation of the device will be readily understood from the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, and the advantages resultant from the use thereof will be manifest to all who are conversant with devices of this character.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings a core-box e is represented, and in practice the core-opening or segmental recess f in said box is roughly or partially hollowed out and the perfect cutting or planing out thereof is commenced on one side, and usually both sides of the recess are partially planed away a certain distance, so as to leave both perfect corners or edges of the recess open and free to the contact of the side of the plane therewith. The body of the tool is grasped by the hand in the usual manner and operated longitudinally, so as to cut away all remaining portions of the recess f in longitudinal shavings. In this operation the base or guide portion b rests on one edge g of the core-opening, while the body or side of the plane rests against the opposite edge h of the core-opening, and as the cutter c lies flush with the rear portion of the under surface of the body or upright side of the plane which rests upon the surface being cut the plane will be guided in a diametrically accurate manner to hollow out the core-box along an absolutely semicircular line to produce a perfectly sernicylindrical recess.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. A core-box plane comprising a body portion or frame formed of an angularly-connected or L-shaped side and base, and a cutter-blade projecting through the upright side of the plane, and a rabbet groove or kerf formed in the under surface of the plane which extends from the edge of the cutter to the front end of the body of the plane, and the rear portion of the said under surface lying dush with the edge of the cutter whereby in the planing of a core-box the base and side of the plane will be accurately disposed relatively to the cutter and to the core-box.

2. A core-box plane which is L-shaped in cross-section and the upright section of which is provided with a cutter which is passed therethrongh, said upright portion being provided in the bottom thereof with a rabbet groove or kerf which extends from the cutting edge of the tool to the front end of the body portion.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of the subscribing witnesses, this 23d day of December, 1901.

ALFRED S. BROWER.

Witnesses:
F. A. STEWART,
F. F. TELLER.