Tag: 1910

No. 978,471 – Rabbeting-Plane (Judd W. Montague) (1910)

[paiddownloads id=”675″]978471

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUDD W. MONTAGUE, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF
ONE-HALF TO CHARLES H. NOBLE, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

RABBETING-PLANE.

_________________

978,471. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 13, 1910.
Application filed June 7, 1910. Serial No. 569,035.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUDD W. MONTAGUE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Columbus, in the county of Franklin and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Rabbeting-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates more especially to planes intended for cutting rabbets in straight or curved corners of wood and for beveling or rounding such corners but the invention can be used for planing flat surfaces.

The object of the invention is to provide a tool of this kind that shall be of simple and economical construction and of easy manipulation.

The invention is embodied in the construction and combination of parts herein shown and described and then pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawing Figure 1 is a view of that side of the device containing the chisels or bits and adjusting devices therefor a small portion being broken out to show a detail. Fig. 2 is a side view of the mainframe with the bit receiving frame removed. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the bit and knife with the devices for holding and adjusting them. Fig. 4 is a view of the left hand end of the tool as shown in Fig. 1, to illustrate the guides.

In the views 10 designates the main frame and 11 the stock or bit carrying frame. These two frames are of arch form and the stock is secured to the side of the main frame by means of suitable screws such as seen at 12 passed through the three holes at 12a, 12a 12a (see Fig. 2) into holes tapped in the stock so that when the two are secured together they appear as in Fig. 1.

The stock or bit carrying frame is equipped with a bit and knife at each end so that the implement can be used for either right hand or left hand work or by forward or rearward operation. As the equipment at each end is symmetrically like that at the other in construction and arrangement a description of one equipment will suffice for both.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 3 which best illustrates the cutting equipment and the adjusting devices therefor, the character 13 designates the chisel or bit and 14 the knife the former having an ordinary slanting edge 13a and the latter a short cutting edge 14a standing at right angles to the forward portion of the slanting edge of the bit so that the two together cooperates at the forward portion of said slanting edge to cut out a corner. The shank portion of the knife is superimposed on that of the bit and is held thereon by a clamping piece or cap 15 placed under lips 16 extending upward and inward from the carrying frame or stock 11 said piece 15 being provided with a set screw 17 pinching the upper side of the knife.

The shank 13b of the bit is provided with a longitudinally extending screw 13c, a laterally extending screw 13d, and a lateral recess providing walls 13e and 13f. The screw 13e is provided with two nuts 18 and 18a and the screw 13d is provided with nuts 19 and 19a and 19b, The nuts 18 and 18a project at their lower portions into a recess 20 in the bit stock and can be turned on the screw against the walls of said recess to lock the bit shank and bit from movement longitudinally on the stock and the lower portion of the nut 19 projects into a groove 21 in the stock to prevent lateral movement of the bit shank. The shank of the knife 14 is provided with a screw 14b having thereon two nuts 22 and 22a that project into the lateral recess of the bit shank and can be turned against the walls 13e and 13f of the recess forming them to prevent longitudinal movement of the knife blade on the bit; and the screw of the knife shank lies between the nuts 19a and 19b and is prevented from movement laterally with reference to the bit by said nuts, when these are turned to lie against said screw. From this construction it will be observed that the bit can be given its proper position on the stock and the knife can be given its proper position on the bit, and further that when the knife is placed in proper position with reference to the bit both together can be adjusted to proper position.

Each end of the bit-carrying frame is provided with a guide to contact with the upper side of the wood to be rabbeted, beveled or rounded, said guide consisting of a vertically arranged headed screw 23 having on it a nut 24 said nut being located between fixed lateral projections or bars 25 and 26 on the side of the bit carrying frame and a nut 27 to pinch the under side of the projection 26 after the screw or guide has been properly adjusted. Each end of the main frame is provided with a guide to contact with the vertical or upright side of the wood to be rabbeted, beveled or rounded, said guide consisting of a horizontally arranged headed screw 28 having on it a nut 29, said nut being located between fixed projections or ears 30 and 31 on the main frame and a nut 32 to pinch the outer ear 31 after the screw or guide has been properly adjusted. The ears or projections 30 and 31 are formed on a block 33 detachable from the foot of the frame, said block being provided with a pin 33a to enter a socket in said foot and a set screw 34 screwed into a suitable hole in the foot. This block 33 and its contained guide can be removed and the plane used for planing fiat or other surfaces.

The arched form of the main frame and the bit carrying frame when combined permit the gripping of the device with the hand at either end according to the direction in which it is desired to push the device. The planing operation can be performed by either pushing or drawing the device and with the tool grasped either in left hand or right hand manner. In other words the manipulation of the plane can be accommodated to the grain of the wood and so as to avoid as far as practical planing against grain. The knife insures a smooth clean surface at the upright or vertical side of the rabbet. With this construction, and particularly because the cutting corner is free from obstructing parts in front of it two rabbets can be made with great facility in circular, oval or other curved pieces such for example as picture frames and other like structures.

What I claim is:

1. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a bit with means in connection therewith for longitudinally and laterally adjusting the same with reference to the stock, a knife to angularly cooperate with the cutting edge of said bit, and means connected with the bit and knife for operating the knife to adjust the same with reference to the bit, the knife being movable by moving the bit.

2. In a plane, the combination with a guiding and holding stock, of a removable bit and a removable angularly cooperating knife on the bit, means on the bit for operating the knife to adjust the same with reference to the bit, and means for fixing both the bit and knife to the stock with their cutting edges wholly forward of the material of the stock.

3. In a plane, the combination with a stock, a bit and a knife, means for securing the knife to stand at one end of the edge of the bit and at an angle to the edge of the bit to form a cutting corner, combined with an arched handling frame 10 and means for securing the stock thereto at the side of the latter opposite that containing said cutting corner.

4. In a plane the combination with the stock having a recess 20 and a groove 21 of a bit provided with a longitudinally extending screw 13c and a laterally extending screw 13d and a lateral recess providing walls 13e and 13f, nuts 18 and 18a on the screw 13c extending into said recess 20 and nuts 19 and 19a and 19b on said screw 13d, the nut 19 projecting into said groove 21, a knife having its cutting edge standing at an angle to the cutting edge of the bit and cooperating therewith, said knife provided with a longitudinally extending screw 1 having nuts 22 and 22a thereon projecting between the walls 13e and 13f and said screw lying between the nuts 19a and 19 whereby the bit can be adjusted independently of the knife and the knife independently of the bit, substantially as described.

5. In a plane the combination with the stock having a recess 20 and a groove 21, of a bit provided with a longitudinally extending screw 13c and a laterally extending screw 13d and a lateral recess providing walls 13e and 13f, means on the screw 13c extending into said recess 20 to adjust and fix the same with reference to the stock, and nuts 19 and 19a and 19b on said screw 13d, the nut 19 projecting into said groove 21, a knife on the bit having its cutting edge standing at an angle to the cutting edge of the bit and cooperating therewith, said knife provided with a longitudinally extending screw 14b having means thereon to engage the aforesaid walls 13e and 13f to longitudinally adjust and fix the same and said screw lying between the nuts 19 and 19a, whereby the knife can be adjusted independently of the bit and the bit independently of the knife, substantially as described.

JUDD W. MONTAGUE.

Witnesses:
CHAS. H. NOBLE,
BENJ. FINCKEL.

No. 972,645 – Plane (Charles B. Rice) (1910)

[paiddownloads id=”674″]972645

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES B. RICE, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

PLANE.

_________________

972,645. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Oct. 11, 1910.
Application filed April 28, 1910. Serial No. 558,164.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES B. RICE, a cltizen of the United States, residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented a, new and useful Plane, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes of the type which are employed for grooving purposes, although the tool of the present invention is susceptible of other uses if desired.

The object of the invention is to provide a strong simple, durable and inexpensive grooving tool which can be used in a variety of positions and for a large number of useful operations and which can be easily and quickly adjusted to meet the requirements of different kinds of work, such for example as the grooving of doors and door frames for the purpose of securing the door locks and fittings in position.

With the foregoing and other objects in view which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of invention herein disclosed can be made within the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

In the accompanying drawing forming part of this specification:– Figure 1 is a plan view of a grooving tool constructed in accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line 3–3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a similar section on the line 4–4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view showing a modified construction of bit post. Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of one of the improved bits. Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing another form of the improved bit. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the clamping plate.

Like reference numerals indicate corresponding parts in the different figures of the drawings.

The reference numeral 1 indicates a base plate the lower surface 2 of which, as shown in Fig. 2, comprises a bearing surface which fits against the material to be operated upon, the bit 3 being caused to project beyond the bearing surface 2 through the opening 4 formed in the base 1. The base plate 1, at the forward end thereof, is provided with an upwardly extending curved handle or grip 5.

The bit 3 preferably is of the form indicated in Fig. 6. That is to say the bit is formed with a shank or plate 6 with which is adjustably connected the shank or plate 7 of a gage member 8 which determines the distance which the cutting tool 3 shall penetrate into the surface which is being operated upon. The gage 8 preferably consists of a tongue which projects in an oposite direction to the cutting edge of the tool 3. The preferred means of adjustably connecting the shank 7 with the shank 6, consists of a, screw 9 which projects through a slot 10 formed in the plate 7, said slot having an enlargement 11 at one end thereof to permit the initial introduction of the screw 9.

The means for securing the bit or cutting tool 3 in position within the opening 4 in the base plate, preferably consists of a post or standard 14 which, as shown in Fig 3, rises from the face of the base plate 1 adjacent the rear end of the opening 4, said post 14 being extended at its lower end to form the lateral shoulders 15 and the transversely extending flange 16. The shank 7 of the bit gage, and the shank 6 of the bit are fitted flat against the post 14 on the side thereof next to the openings 4 with the cutting edge of the tool projecting through said opening. A rectangular loop member 17 is then fitted downward over the post 14 so as to surround the bit shank 6 and plate 7, said loop member 17 resting at its lower end upon the shoulders 15 as shown in Fig. 5. A plate 18 is then fitted against the rear face of the post 14 between said post and the loop member 17. The plate 18, as shown in Fig. 8, is thickened adjacent its upper end as indicated at 19 and a set screw 20 is threaded through said thickened portion 19. By tightening the set screw 20 the point thereof projects against the rear face of the post 17 and the lower portion of the plate 18 serves to draw the loop member 17 tightly around the bit shank 6 whereby to bind the same firmly in any position to which it has been adjusted on the front face of the post 14.

For the purpose of providing a second bearing surface 25 which is arranged at a right angle to the bearing surface 2 and has an bit 3 projecting therefrom, the base plate 1 is formed or provided along one side thereof with an upstanding flange 26, said flange, as shown in Fig. 2, being formed with an inclined edge 26 which causes it to be narrow at the forward end of the stock of the plane and broad at the rear end thereof. The extreme rear end of the flange 26 is provided with a curved handle 28 which is disposed at a right angle with respect to the handle 5 at the forward end of the stock. The bit 3 on the bearing face 25, as shown in Fig. 1, projects in an opposite direction to the bit 3 on the bearing plate 2 as shown in Fig. 2. When the bearing plate 5 is employed therefore the stock is manipulated in the opposite direction to that in which it is moved when the other bit is being used. The bit 3 on the bearing surface 25 projects through an opening 30 formed in the flange 26, the upper edge of said opening 30 being inclined so as to be in parallelism with the edge 27 of the flange 26. The bit 3 of the bearing face 25 is mounted in the same way as the bearing face 2. That is to say it is mounted upon a post 14 which is provided with shoulders 15 and an enlarged flange 16 connected with the flange 26, a loop member 17 being fitted around the bit 2 and the shank 7 of the gage member 8 thereof and a plate 18 having a thickened end 19 and set screw 20 as shown in Fig. 8 being employed to tighten the bit and hold it in any position to which it has been adjusted. The post 14 connected with the flange 26 of course extends at a right angle to the post 14 connected with the base plate 1. This is necessitated by the fact that the two bits 3 are arranged with their cutting edges at right angles to each other.

If desired, the plate 18 and set screw 20 illustrated in Fig. 8 may be dispensed with, and the modified construction of clamping device shown in Fig. 5 may be employed. In this clamping device all the parts except the plate 18 and screw 20 are the same as previously described. In place of the clamping plate 18 a pair of plates 35 and 36 are employed, said plates being riveted together at their lower ends as indicated at 37 and being adapted to be forced apart at their upper ends by means of a lever 38 which is pivoted at 39 on ears 40 formed on the plate 35. When the lever 38 is thrown upward into inoperative position, the upper ends of the two plates 35 and 36 spring together and thus release the pressure on the loop members 17 so that the bit can be adjusted upward or downward if desired. When the bit has been properly adjusted, the lever 38 is thrown downward so that the end thereof bears against the plate 36 and forces the upper end of said plate away from the upper end of the plate 35. The separation of the plate causes the necessary pressure to be wrought to bear on the loop member 17 to hold the bit in the position to which it has been adjusted.

The plane of the resent invention is provided with a laterally disposed gage member 40 which is adapted to cooperate with the bearing surface 2 in performing certain classes of work in which the groove to be formed is located some distance away from the edge by which the plane is to be guided. The gage member 40 consists of a plate as shown in Fig. 3, the upper and lower surfaces of which are parallel with the bearing surface 2 of the plane. The plate 40 is so disposed with relation to the bearing surface 2 that the upper surface thereof is slightly below the plane of the bearing surface 2 so that the plate 40 can if desired be adjusted inward beneath the bearing surface 2. The gage plate 40 is provided at one end with a depending flange 41 and at the other end with an upstanding flange 42. The upstanding flange 42, as shown in Fig. 1 is provided with four threaded openings 43–43 and 44–44. Connected with either the set of perforations 43–43 or 44–44 is a pair of supporting rods 45 which extend through the flange 26 of the base plate 1 and through a flange 47 formed along the opposite edge of the base plate 1 from the flange 26. The rods 45 extent loosely through the flange 47 and are adapted to be locked in any position to which they have been adjusted by means of set screws 48 which extend downward through the flange 47 and are adapted to engage the rods 45. By loosening the set screws 48 the gage member 40 can be adjusted a greater or lesser distance away from the base plate 1. As indicated in Fig. 3, the plate 40 can be adjusted toward the base plate 1 to such an extent that the depending flange 41 will lie beneath the bearing surface 2 and will thus act as a gage for the cutter when working close to the edge by which the plane is being guided. If it be desired to arrange the gage member 40 on the opposite side of the device from that shown in Fig. 1, the rods 45 are unscrewed from the flange 42 and are reversed in the flange 47. The flange 42 is then connected with the threaded ends of the rods 45, the pair of threaded openings 43–43 being employed so that the forward ends of the gage member 40 will not project beyond the forward end of the base plate 1. Moreover, the gage plate 40 can be reversed while remaining on the same side of the plane as that shown in Fig. 1. By means of this reversal the plate 40 can be caused to project outward with relation to the flange 42 instead of inward toward the base plate 1 as shown in Fig. 3. It will also be obvious that the gage member 40 can be entirely removed from the plane whenever desired by simply withdrawing the rod 45.

The modified form of bit illustrated in Fig. 7 of the drawing is the same as that shown in Fig. 6 except that the gage plate instead of being formed at the lower end thereof with a tongue 8, is provided with a pair of downwardly extending cutters or points 50, which serve to cut the edges of the groove a little deeper than the flat bit 3 is adapted to cut the same. In this manner the cutter 50 serves to produce a cleanly defined groove in the operation, for example, of grooving the end of a door to receive the door lock or fitting.

The tool of the present invention is strong, simple, durable and comparatively inexpensive in construction as well as thoroughly efficient and practical in operation.

What is claimed as new is :–

1. A plane having a plurality of bearing surfaces one having a handle at one end and the other having a handle at the other end, said handles being angularly disposed with relation to each other, and a bit on each of said bearing surfaces having its cutting edge projected in the direction of the handle of said bearing surface.

2. A plane having a pair of bearing surfaces one of said surfaces being wider at one end than the other and having a handle at the wide end thereof and the other of said surfaces having a handle at the opposite end.

3. A plane having a bearing surface formed with an opening, a post adjacent said opening, shoulders adjacent the lower end of said post, a loop member surrounding said post and resting against said shoulders, a bit having a shank arranged between said posts and said loop on one side, and an adjustable member arranged between the other side of said post and said loop member for tightening the same on said bit.

4. A plane having a bit provided on the rear face thereof with an adjustable gage.

5. A plane having a bit provided with a cutting edge projecting in one direction, and a gage plate connected with said bit and having a gage tongue projecting in the opposite direction froin the cutting edge of the bit.

6. As a new article of manufacture, a plane bit having a cutting edge and a shank, and a gage plate adjustably connected with said shank for regulating the depth of the cut of said bit.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto afhxed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES B. RICE.

Witnesses:
JAMES W. CROSS,
SAMUEL M. HOWELL.

No. 968,508 – Wood-Scoring Device For Planes And The Like (Christian Bodmer) (1910)

[paiddownloads id=”673″]968508

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHRISTIAN BODMER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

WOOD-SCORING DEVICE FOR PLANES AND THE LIKE.

_________________

968,508. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 23, 1910.
Application filed November 30, 1909. Serial No. 530,556.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN BODMER, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wood-Scoring Devices for Planes and the Like, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in wood cutting instruments such as planes and the like, the object being to provide in such constructions a scoring device or spur to partially cut the wood in advance of the plane iron.

A valuable incident of this invention is the provision of means whereby the scoring device or spur may be adjusted to cause said cutting edge to project to a greater or lesser degree from the main body of the instrument to make a shallow or a deep cut as required and to also compensate for variations in length of the spur due to sharpening the latter from time to time.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane of the plow type fitted with my improved scoring device or spur; Fig. 2 is a relatively enlarged detail view of the spur in operative position; Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the spur in non operative position; Fig. 4 is a section on the line x–x of Fig. 2.

The wood cutting device of the type illustrated in Fig. 1 is a species of plane in which 1 is the plane body; 2 is the sole portion thereof provided with the usual throat in which is located the cutting iron 3. In advance of the cutting iron is located a spur, said spur being arranged in a recess 4 in the side of the sole 2. The spur is held by a screw 5. The spur construction itself comprises the cutting end 6 and the head 7. The head 7 is of circular outline preferably and has a central perforation in which a holding screw 5 is located, said screw taking into a threaded opening in the sole 2. The recess 4 has its intermediate portion conformed to the circular part or head 7 of the spur, thereby relieving the screw in a large measure of strain. Above and below this circular part the recess is extended to receive the cutting end 6 of the spur.

As shown in the detail views Figs. 2 and 3, the ends of the recess 4 are diagonally arranged with reference to the base of the sole 2. The outer edge of the spur is arranged obliquely to a radial line from the center of the screw 5, the cutting edge itself being preferably somewhat rounded as shown and sharpened so that said cutting edge proper will lie approximately in the plane of one side of the cutter 3, whereby, when the plane is pushed forwardly, the spur will score the wood directly in advance of one edge of the cutter 3. A corresponding spur may be arranged on the opposite side of the sole 2 to score a corresponding line in line with the opposite edge of the cutter 3. Since these spurs correspond a description and illustration of one is sufficient for both. The lower end of the recess 4 is widened somewhat so as to permit the spur to be swung upon its screw mounting 5 whereby by swinging said spur its cutting edge may be projected more or less as desired. By the particular arrangement shown a forward movement of the plane across a board will produce through the medium of the spur a score line corresponding in depth to the extent to which the spur is projected.

By reason of the method of mounting the spur there is little or no danger of dislodgment of the same after it has been adjusted, the cut of the spur being an easy draw cut. By this means all chattering of the parts as the plane is advanced over the wood is avoided. The cutting edge 6 of the spur being formed on a plane oblique to a radial line from the center of the screw 5 permits the said spur to be sharpened from time to time without grinding away such a portion of the cutting edge as to render it ineffective. Since even though a portion is ground away, the cutting edge of the spur may be projected to the desired extent by the swinging movement above referred to. When it is desired to omit the spur, it is simply necessary to withdraw the screw 5 somewhat and swing the spur from the position indicated in Fig. 2 to that indicated in Fig. 3, the cutting end of the spur being then housed in the upper end of the recess 4 and flush with the outer side of the sole.

What I claim is:

1. In a plane, a main body having a sole portion, a scoring device comprising a spur having a head portion, a screw passing through said head portion arranged to adjustably hold said spur against said body, the cutting end of said spur extending radially from said head portion, the cutting edge of said cutting end being arranged obliquely to said radius, an inclined recess in said body arranged to receive said spur, the lower part of said recess being wider than the cutting end of said spur to permit the cutting edge of said spur to be projected more or less by an angular shifting of said spur in said recess.

2. A scoring device for a plane or the like comprising a spur having a main body of circular outline, a central passage arranged to receive a holding screw, a cutting portion extending radially from said main body, the cutting edge of said cutting portion being oblique to the radius, a plane body having ca sole portion, a recess in the side of said portion arranged to receive said scoring device, a portion of said recess being shaped to snugly receive the main body of the scoring device, another portion of said recess extending downwardly and rearwardly from the first mentioned portion and being wider than the cutting end of said spur to permit the latter to be adjusted by the shifting of said spur angularly relatively to the center of the head and a holding screw arranged to pass concentrically through the head into the sole portion of said body.

3. In a plane, a main body having a sole portion, a scoring device comprising a spur, a screw passing through said spur and arranged to adjustably hold said spur against said body, said spur extending radially from said screw, said spur having at its outer end a cutting edge, said cutting edge being oblique to the radius of said spur, said body having a recess in its side arranged to receive said spur, the lower end of said recess being wider than said spur to permit the cutting edge of the latter to be projected more or less by an angular shifting of said spur in said recess.

4. A scoring spur for planes, a main body portion having a screw passage and having a radially extending arm at one side of said screw passage, a cutting edge at the outer end of said arm, said edge being oblique to the radius of said arm, one end of said edge being nearer to the said screw passage than the other end of said edge.

CHRISTIAN BODMER.

Witnesses:
I. W. CHAPMAN,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 962,885 – Dovetail Tongue And Groove Cutter (Christian Bodmer) (1910)

No. 962,885 – Dovetail Tongue And Groove Cutter (Christian Bodmer) (1910)

[paiddownloads id=”672″]962885

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHRISTIAN BODMER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE
& LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

DOVETAIL TONGUE AND GROOVE CUTTER.

_________________

962,885. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 28, 1910.
Application filed November 26, 1909. Serial No. 529,864.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN BODMER, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Iinprovements in Dovetail Tongue and Groove Cutters, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to an improved means in the nature of a plane for forming dovetailed or undercut tongues and grooves.

The object of the invention is to provide a means for performing the above function which shall be so constructed as to permit the forming of such tongues or grooves with the greatest facility and accuracy.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the tool assembled and adjusted for the purpose of forming an undercut groove. Fig. 2 is a rear end elevation of Fig. 1, showing the tool as it appears in the act of forming a groove. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the tool assembled and adjusted for the purpose of cutting a tongue. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the main body and certain parts on a somewhat reduced scale. Fig. 5 is a view of the reverse side of the parts shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line x–x of the Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a guide frame, arranged for association with the main body of the plane. Fig. 8 is an end view of the guide frame shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a detail. Fig. 10 illustrates another detail in diderent positions. Fig. 11 is a side elevation of another guide frame arranged for association with the main body of the plane. Fig. 12 illustrates three different sizes of plane irons, on the scale indicated in Fig. 4. Fig. 13 is a side elevation of a detachable spur carrier.

1 is the main body or cutter carrier of the tool, the same being provided with a handle 1a and with a long narrow sole 1b.

2 is a cutter or plane iron, the cutting edge of the same being adjustable in a throat in the sole 1b.

3 is a clearance outlet for shavings or chips and located above the aforesaid throat.

4 is a clamp screw for locking the cutter in various positions of adjustment.

The cutter is located in a channel arranged obliquely in the side of the main body 1.

5 is a clutch operated by screw 4, for wedging down upon the cutter 2 when the latter is in position to prevent its unintentional or accidental dislodgment.

The oblique channel for receiving the plane iron is so arranged as to support the upper and lower surface of the shank of the cutter, the lower side of that part of the cutter opposite the recess 3 being supported on the incline 6. As will later be seen, cutters having cutting edges of different widths may be substituted, but to secure the best results the shank portion of each cutter should be substantially alike, the variations in sizes occurring at and directly above the cutting edge.

As will be seen by Figs. 2 and 3, the sole 1b of the body 1 is formed at an oblique angle to the opposite side walls thereof and in practice it is obvious that the edge of the cutter should be shaped to correspond.

7–7a are spurs arranged on opposite sides of the main body 1, both spurs being arranged to be projected to any desired degree or to be entirely retracted as desired. The function of said spurs is to score the wood in advance of the cutter 2, whereby, when said tool is used across the grain, the score lines made by the spurs 7–7a will prevent splintering the wood, thereby enabling the cutter 2 to plow out or to cut a clean channel. It should be stated that the width or thickness of the sole edge of the main body 1 is not greater than the minimum width of the smallest channel which it is possible to form.

The foregoing is a general description of the main body or cutter carrier element of the tool.

8 is the main body portion of what I term the composite guide frame, which frame is arranged for association with the cutter carrier 1 for the purpose hereinafter described.

8a is the side flange of the frame 8, said side flange being arranged obliquely to the sole 8b of said frame.

9 is an upright slot in the fiange 8a terminating at its lower end in an opening 9a.

10–10a are bosses, having passages therein at right angles to the sole 8b of the guide frame 8.

11–11a are set screws carried by the bosses 10–10a respectively.

12 is a thumb piece arranged to receive the thumb of the operator to facilitate the operation of the tool.

14 is a headed stud carried by the main body of the cutter carrier 1, the shank of said stud standing in the upright slot 9 of the frame 8 when the parts are assembled.

15 is a scale at one side of the slot 9.

16 is a gage arranged to co-act with the scale for the purpose hereinafter described. The gage 16 has a slot 16a. 17 is a set screw passing through slot 16a and into the body of the cutter carrier 1, whereby said gage may be adjusted up and down, said scale facilitating said adjustment.

18–18a are threaded holes arranged fore and aft in the body 1 of the cutter carrier, these threaded holes being arranged to receive the two guide posts, spaced apart properly to register with the sockets 10–10a of the guide 8. One of these guide posts is shown at 19, Fig. 3. These guide posts may be readily applied or removed by simply turning the screw end of each into the threaded openings 18–18a. These guide posts are used only when the tool is asembled for forming a tongue.

It will be observed that the stud 14 is arranged directly above the cutting edge of the plane iron 2, the purpose of this being later seen.

I will now describe the tool as assembled and employed in forming an undercut or dovetail groove. In this connection particular reference is directed to Figs. 1 and 2. In these figures it will be seen that the cutter carrier 1 is combined with the guide frame 8 and it may be assumed that the gage 16 is secured by the screw 17 on the scale 15 at the proper elevation to limit the depth of the cut. The intention now is to form a dove-tail groove in a piece of wood indicated at 20 (Fig. 2). To do this, the location of the groove is determined and a guide cleat 21 is tacked down to said piece of wood in a line parallel to the groove to be formed, and at one side thereof a distance corresponding to the width of the bottom of the sole 8b of the guide frame 8. The tool is then placed in the position indicated in Fig. 2 bearing against the cleat 21 and is moved to and fro until the cutter has descended into the wood 20 to the desired depth determined by stop 16. In forming this cut, both spurs 7–7a should be turned down, particularly if cut is to be made across the grain. The cutter carrier 1, being connected to the guide frame 8 only by the stud 14, may take an oscillating movement relatively to the guide frame 8 and hence may follow any warped portion of the wood in which the cut is being formed. By reason of the location of the stud connection 14 relatively to the cutter 2, the oscillating movement of the carrier relatively to the guide frame will not permit the cutter 2 to descend into any part of the wood 20 more than the amount predetermined by the gage 16. When an oblique groove has been cut as indicated in Fig. 2 the tool is removed and the cleat 21 is taken off and tacked down on the opposite side of the groove as indicated in dotted lines, being spaced apart from the adjacent edge to be of the groove a distance corresponding to the width of the bottom of sole 8a of the guide frame. The instrument is then turned around and operated as first described, the cutter 2 working down in the wood until the balance of the intended dove-tail groove is formed, as indicated in the dotted lines, Fig. 2. In forming this last part of the groove, it is unnecessary to employ the spur 7a which may be turned back into the position shown in Fig. 5, a recess in the said main body 1 receiving the same, so that it will stand flush, the spurs themselves being held in all positions by ordinary machine screws. The spur 7a will be seen to be unnecessary at this time because as the cutter descends, the wood on that side of the plane iron (the side toward the spur 7a) has previously been cut away in forming the first part of the groove, hence no chipping or splintering is possible on that side.

In forming a dove-tail tongue, another adjustment is employed, namely, the right angle guide 22, the same being substituted in the place formerly occupied by the guide 8, which latter is transferred to the opposite side of the frame 1 (as shown in Fig. 3) and mounted upon the posts 19–19, the sole 8b of the said guide 8, being spaced apart from the opposite side of the cutter carrier 1, a distance corresponding to the depth of the tongue to be formed. 23 represents the piece of wood upon which the dove-tail tongue is to be formed, said tongue portion being indicated at 24. The gage 16 is now adjusted on the scale 15 to such a position as to properly limit the descent of the cutter carrier 1. The instrument is placed in the position indicated in the Fig. 3, and moved to and fro. The right angle guide 22 cooperates with the guide 8 in holding the cutter carrier 1 in the proper position to cause the cutter to enter the wood as shown in Fig. 3, in which one-half of the tongue is represented as completed. In performing this work, the guide 8 obviates the use of a batten such as 21, although the latter could be used if desirable. To form the other half of the tongue 24 (indicated by dotted lines), the piece of wood 23 is simply turned over and the tool is used on the opposite surface in the same manner. In the formation of the tongue only one spur need be employed, namely the spur 7.

From the foregoing it will be seen that a dove-tail groove and a tongue of corresponding size and cross section may be formed with the greatest accuracy and ease.

Thus far I have described the device as fitted to produce tongues and grooves of the minimum size. When it is desired to produce a tongue and groove of greater size it is merely necessary to substitute a cutter having a cutting edge of greater width than the thickness of the sole 1b of the cutter carrier. When such wider cutter is employed it is obvious that one edge of the same will project beyond one side edge of the sole 1b, and in such an event, in order to provide a spur adjacent to that edge of the cutter, a supporting spur carrier or spacer 25 may be secured to the adjacent side of the main body 1. An illustration of this spacer 25 with the spur 7a is indicated in Fig. 13 and its construction is too obvious to require detailed description. The spacer 25 may be secured to the main body of the cutter by screws which may screw into threaded openings 27–27, Fig. 4.

28 is a projecting stud or screw head, which is arranged below the stud 14, the width of said screw head 28 being less than the width of the slot 9. This projecting head 28 is preferably employed to prevent unnecessary oscillation of the guides 8–22, relatively to the main body 1 of the plane iron carrier, but obviously it may be dispensed with.

In Fig. 12 I have shown cutters 2, 2a, 2b of three different sizes, said cutters being on a scale adapted to the scale of Figs. 4 and 5.

The frame 8 I have termed a composite guide, since it may be applied to either side of the cutter carrier. While in the drawings the outer edge of the guide 8 is shown as straight to furnish a bearing to parallel the sole of the cutter carrier, obviously this and other features may be modified in a variety of ways, so long as the results described are accomplished by means equivalent to those shown and in substantially the same way.

What I claim is:

1. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier comprising a body portion, a relatively long narrow obliquely arranged sole, a cutter therefor, a movable guide cooperating with said cutter carrier secured to the side thereof, said guide including a sole portion arranged obliquely to the adjacent side of the cutter carrier, the outer edge of said sole having a bearing paralleling the side of the sole portion of the cutter carrier.

2. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier including a long narrow sole arranged obliquely to the sides of the carrier, a bearing support for a cutter, and means for securing a cutter in said carrier, a cutter, a guide including two sides arranged obliquely, means for securing one of said sides to said cutter carrier, said means permitting said parts to partake of limited independent movement.

3. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier comprising a body portion, a long narrow sole portion arranged obliquely to the sides of the body, with means for supporting and securing the cutter, a cutter, means for holding said cutter carrier at an angle relatively to the work, and a connection between said means and said cutter carrier to permit said parts to move one on the other.

4. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier comprising a body portion, a long narrow sole portion arranged obliquely to the sides of the body, with means for supporting and securing the cutter, a cutter, means for holding said cutter carrier at an angle relatively to the work, a connection between said means and said cutter carrier to permit said parts to move one on the other, and means to limit the degree of movement of said parts in one direction.

5. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier comprising a body portion, a long narrow sole portion arranged obliquely to the sides of the body, with means for supporting and securing the cutter, a cutter, means for holding said cutter carrier at an angle relatively to the work, a connection between said means and said cutter carrier to permit said parts to move one on the other, and means to limit the degree of movement of said parts in one direction, said means being adjustable.

6. in a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier comprising a body, a long narrow sole at the base of said cutter carrier arranged obliquely to the sides, a cutter carried by said carrier, a scoring spur carried by said carrier at one edge of said sole and in advance of said cutter, and means for holding said cutter carrier at an angle relatively to the work, and a connection between said means and said cutter carrier arranged to permit relative independent movement of said parts without disturbing the angle of said cutter carrier to said work.

7. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier comprising a body, a long narrow sole at the base of said cutter carrier arranged obliquely to the sides, a cutter carried by said carrier, a scoring spur carried by said carrier at each edge of said sole and in advance of said cutter, means for holding said cutter carrier at an angle relatively to the work, and a connection between said means and said cutter carrier arranged to permit relative independent movement of said parts without disturbing the angle of said cutter carrier to said work.

8. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier including a body portion and a long narrow sole portion arranged obliquely to the sides of the body, and a guide including two obliquely arranged surfaces with means for operatively securing said guide to either side of said cutter carrier whereby in either position it will serve as a guide in the performing of work.

9. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier including a body portion and a long narrow sole portion arranged obliquely to the sides of the body, a guide including two obliquely arranged surfaces with means for operatively securing said guide to either side of said cutter carrier whereby in either position it will serve as a guide in the performing of work, and a second guide having right angle faces arranged under certain conditions to cooperate with said cutter carrier and the first mentioned guide.

10. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier including a body portion and a. long narrow sole portion arranged obliquely to the sides of the body, a guide including two obliquely arranged surfaces with means for operatively securing said guide to either side of said cutter carrier whereby in either position it will serve as a guide in the performing of work, and a second guide having right angle faces arranged under certain conditions to cooperate with said cutter carrier and the first mentioned guide, with means for permitting relative independent movement between said cutter carrier and said second guide without disturbing the operative angle of the cutter carrier to the work.

11. In a tool for forming undercut recesses, a cutter carrier comprising a main body and a relatively long narrow sole arranged obliquely to the sides of said body, a cutter carried by said carrier, a guide for said carrier, a sliding connection between said guide and carrier, a sole on said guide arranged obliquely to the side of said carrier when the parts are assembled in operative position, and a side bearing at the outer edge of said sole portion.

12. In a tool for forming undercut recesses, a cutter carrier comprising a main body and a relatively long narrow sole arranged obliquely to the sides of said body, a cutter carried by said carrier, a guide tor said carrier, a sliding connection between said guide and carrier, a sole on said guide arranged obliquely to the side of said carrier when the parts are assembled in operative position, a side bearing at the outer edge of said sole portion, and an adjustable stop for said sliding connection to limit the sliding movement of one part relatively to the other part in one direction.

13. In a tool for forming undercut recesses, a cutter carrier comprising a main body and a relatively long narrow sole arranged obliquely to the sides of said body, a cutter carried by said carrier, a guide for said carrier, a sliding connection between said guide and carrier, a sole on said guide arranged obliquely to the side of said carrier when the parts are assembled in operative position, a side bearing at the outer edge of said sole portion, an adjustable stop for said sliding connection to limit the sliding movement of one part relatively to the other part in one direction, and a scale on one of said parts arranged to cooperate with said stop.

14. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier including a main body, a relatively long narrow sole arranged obliquely to the sides of said body, a cutter carried thereby, a guide arranged to be secured to one side of said carrier, and a sole on said guide arranged obliquely to the side of the carrier, said securing means being arranged directly over the cutting edge of the cutter.

15. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier including a main body, a relatively long narrow sole arranged obliquely to the sides of said body, a cutter carried thereby, a guide arranged to be secured to one side of said carrier, and a sole on said guide arranged obliquely to the side of the carrier, said securing means being arranged directly over the cutting edge of the cutter, and including a stud and slot.

10. In a tool of the character described, a cutter carrier including a main body, a relatively long narrow sole arranged obliquely to the sides of said body, a cutter carried thereby, a guide arranged to be secured to one side of said carrier, and a sole on said guide arranged obliquely to the side ot the carrier, said securing ineans being arranged directly over the cutting edge of the cutter, and including a stud and slot, said stud being carried by the body of the carrier, said slot being formed in one side of the guide.

CHRISTIAN BODMER.

Witnesses:
W. J. WORAM,
I. W. CHAPMAN.

No. 960,256 – Plane (Christian Bodmer) (1910)

[paiddownloads id=”671″]960256

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHRISTIAN BODMER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE
& LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

960,256. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 7, 1910.
Application filed January 31, 1910. Serial No. 540,967.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN BODMER, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to planes and particularly to that type of plane known as a fillister or rabbet plane.

The invention has particular reference to the construction of the plane body, my object being to overcome certain weaknesses that have heretofore existed in planes of this type.

In a fillister or rabbet plane, the cutting edge of the plane-iron is made the full width of the sole, or so that the side edges of the plane iron will be coincident with the sides of the plane, whereby the cut may be formed square up to each side edge or surface of the plane body. It follows that the throat or opening in the plane sole must therefore be the full width of the sole. This results in separating the sole transversely at a point intermediate its length, and places, therefore, the entire responsibility of holding the forward and rear sections of the sole in proper spaced relation upon the single side plate of the frame. It is at this point that heretofore has not only great weakness existed, but in the casting of the plane body great difliculty has been encountered in preventing warping and twisting of the parts, tending to throw the sections out of correct alinement and making the process of machining not only laborious but exceedingly difficult. By my improvement great strength is added at this point, warping and twisting during the process of casting are prevented, and machining is simplified and expedited. The plane body is made from cast iron and since this tool is usually a hand tool, it is obvious that it must be so constructed as to withstand severe usage. Heretofore planes of this type made from cast iron as in the present case have almost always been broken across the relatively narrow connection between the two sections of the plane. By my construction such a greater degree of strength is added that there is very little danger of breakage at any point even when the tool is roughly handled. The tool being a hand tool, it is obvious that great consideration must be attached to the element of weight, since unnecessary weight unduly taxes the strength of the workman. In this connection I have constructed a plane body so that the metal is economically disposed and well balanced throughout, my aim being to secure the highest degree of stability with a mininium amount of material.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the complete plane, looking up from the left hand side. Fig. 2 is a view of the reverse or right hand side of the plane body. Fig. 3 is a plan view of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a relatively enlarged view showing a part of the plane in longitudinal section. Fig. 5 is a cross section of the plane on the line x–x. Fig, 6 is a cross section of the plane on the line y–y.

The plane body is cast in iron or steel and comprises the forward sole section 1 and the rear sole section 2, separated by a throat 3, in which the cutting edge of the plane-iron 4 stands when the plane is set up and adjusted ready for use.

5 is a seat for the plane-iron.

The throat 3 extends transversely and obliquely entirely across the plane body as best seen in Fig. 1, and it follows therefore, that the seat 5 not only inclines rearwardly but slants down toward one side of the plane. Any suitable mechanism may be employed for holding the plane-iron to the seat, such as the headed screw-stud 6 and the cap 7. The two sections 1–2. of the sole are integrally connected by a side plate 8 formed in this instance at the right hand side of the body, a part of the side plate bridging the throat 3 and being constructed, as hereinafter described, to afford great strength and to prevent warping and twisting. The plate 8 is provided with a raised bearing portion which is machined smooth, as indicated by the laterally offset ribs 8a–8a. These bearings 8a are raised with reference to the plain unfinished side of the said side plate 8, the area of said bearing portion being suflicient to afford a sufficiently long and broad seat, at the same time being much less than the entire area, thus simplifying exceedingly the operation of machining.

9 is an upwardly projecting bearing support at the opposite side (the left hand side) of the plane body, the same being in this instance parallel with the bearing portion of the side plate 8, and at right angles to the plane of the sole sections 1–2. This bearing-section 9 is connected integrally not only with the sole section 1, but also with the opposite side plate 8, said last connections being effected through the medium of the bridge rib 10.

11 is a handle preferably cast integrally with the plane body, but of course may be made capable of being connected to said plane body in any well known or desirable manner.

Referring particularly to the views 4–6, the connections between the throat and the rib sections of the plane will now be described. It is to be understood that the plane-iron, in this type of plane, is widest at its lower end, its middle and upper portion being narrowed down to clear the side plate 8. In the present instance, I avail myself of this feature to specially construct the bridge connection between the two sole sections, providing, where necessary, a solid strong mass of material and wherever possible a ribbed construction to secure the necessary strength and lightness. Immediately adjacent to the plane seat 5, where the side plate 8 leaves the rear section, I provide a relatively heavy mass of stock, as indicated at 12, Fig. 6. Immediately forward of this point, the bridge is arched up as indicated at 13, said arch descending at a point slightly forward of the plane of the throat and meeting the transverse bridge 10 which extends across to the opposite side-bearing or support 9. The lower part of the solid mass of material 12 near the lower end of the seat 5 is extended forwardly to form a curved rib 14, which performs the double function of a strengthening rib for the plane body and a deflector for the shavings, there being a clearance space 15 entirely through the plane body above the throat 3. This rib 14 curves forwardly and across the plane and meets the sole section 1 and the inner side of the support 9, being integrally formed with both of said parts. The arched portion 13 is provided with a recess or cavity 13a and between this recess or cavity 13a and the base of the rib 14 is a horizontally disposed strengthening rib 16, extending back to the heavy mass of material 12, and serving, together with the upper flange of the bridge 13 and the rib 14, to provide a connection between the sections 1–2 of maximum strength and minimum of weight. The inside of the plane body is of course hollowed out as at 17–17 to lighten the structure.

18–18 are scoring spurs or cutters employed on opposite sides of the plane to form score lines in advance of the plane-iron 4, said score lines being coincident with the opposite edges of said plane-iron.

The part 9 performs, in addition to the function of bearing for the adjacent side of the plane, the function of a support for a depth gage, such as is customarily employed in planes of this character. The opposite side (right hand side) plate is provided with a supporting portion 8b, upon which a depth gage may be adjustably supported. Since gages and other plane attachments are well known, no particular description is required herewith, it being merely proper to state that the part 8b performs not only the function of a bearing, but also a support for any attachment such as is customarily employed in tools of this character.

As has already been stated, my invention aims at producing a plane body of the type referred to which shall be accurately formed. One of the great difficulties to overcome I will now describe. It is a well known fact that the machining of the outer flat face of a casting releases the surface tension and permits the tension on the opposite (unmachined) face to act in such a manner as to twist and warp the structure; to illustrate, were it not for the recessed form of the outer face of the side plate 8, the machining of that side to produce a bearing surface would release the surface tension on the outer side and result in warping and buckling, tending to distort and throw out of line the two sole sections 1–2 of the plane body. This buckling would occur during or immediately following the machining process. To avoid this disastrous effect, I provide a construction which requires the machining of such a relatively small area of the surface 8 that the surface tension is not released to any dangerous extent. Consequently, the tension being substantially balanced on the opposite surface of the side plate 8, all tendency to injurious warping or twisting is eliminated. It should be stated that the unmachined held of surface metal between the bearing faces 8a of the side plate 8 affords more than a mere panel intended only for the reception of a name or number. In the present instance, this unmachined surface of substantial area is so located as to overcome the aforesaid injurious tendency of warping by reason of the lessening of the surface tension at the vulnerable point.

A further advantage growing out of this construction is the rapidity and ease with which this machining process may be effected. The sum of these advantages results in great economies that add to the durability or accuracy of the instrument.

While of course I have shown herein the preferred embodiment of my invention, it is obvious that in some respects the construction may be modified or varied without changing materially those features of improvement which characterize my invention. Hence it may be stated that I contemplate that reasonable latitude may be had in the particular design resorted to.

What I claim is:

1. A plane body formed of cast metal including two sole sections separated by a throat, a wall or plate integrally connecting said sections by an arch at one side of the plane body and including a plurality of substantially horizontally disposed and inwardly directed spaced ribs extending laterally across the plane body, a standard at the opposite side of the plane forming a bearing support projecting upwardly from the forward sole section and connected to the last mentioned rib, and still another rib extending across the plane body from the support on one side to the plate on the other side and forming a combined deflector and strengthening rib.

2. A plane body formed of cast metal including two sole sections separated by a throat, a wall or plate integrally connecting said sections by an arch at one side of the plane body and including a plurality of substantially horizontally disposed and inwardly directed spaced ribs extending laterally across said body, a standard at the opposite side of the plane forming a bearing support projecting upwardly from the forward sole section and connected to the last mentioned rib, and still another rib extending across said body from the support on one side to the plate on the other side and forming a combined deflector and strengthening rib, said last mentioned rib being also integrally connected with said bearing support and one of said sole sections.

3. A plane body formed of cast metal including two sole sections separated by a throat, a wall or plate at one side, connecting said sections by an arch at one side of the plane body, a standard at the opposite side of the plane forming a bearing support, the inner side of said standard being integrally connected to the inner side of said wall or plate, the outer or bearing side of said plate where said arch is formed having a relatively raised bearing surface, said bearing surface being machined, the relatively unraised portion being unmachined to balance surface tension on opposite sides of said plate at said arch.

4. A plane body formed of cast metal including two sole sections separated by a throat, a wall or plate connecting said sections at one side of the plane body and including a plurality of substantially horizontally disposed ribs at the inner side of said side plate, the outer or bearing side of said side plate having a relatively raised bearing surface, said bearing surface being machined, said unraised portion being unmachined, said unmachined surfaces being so disposed relatively to the forward and rear sections of the sole portions of the plane as to retain surface tension at the point where buckling would tend to occur between the two sole sections.

5. A plane body comprising a forward sole section and a rear sole section arranged in line and separated by a narrow throat, a wall or plate connecting said two sections at one side of the plane body, all of said parts being formed integrally by casting, the outer bearing surface of said wall or plate including a smoothed machined bearing surface and an umnachined surface arranged in a plane slightly below the plane of the bearing surface, said unmachined portion being so located with relation to the forward and rear sole sections as to retain surface tension at the point between the front and rear sole sections where buckling would tend to occur.

CHRISTIAN BODMER.

Witnesses:
THOMAS K. O’CONNOR,
JOSEPH M. HANCE.

No. 955,557 – Plane (Edmund A. Schade) (1910)

[paiddownloads id=”670″]955557

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO STANLEY RULE &
LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

955,557. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 19, 1910.
Application filed November 4, 1909. Serial No. 526,204.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND A. SCHADE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in planes.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple and effective means to facilitate the adjustment of the plane frog to and fro for the proper positioning of the cutting edge of the plane iron in the throat of the plane.

In the drawings — Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a plane taken approximately on the plane of the line x–x of Fig. 2, certain parts being shown in elevation; Fig. 2 is a cross section of the body of the plane on the line y–y, Fig. 1, showing a portion of the plane frog in elevation; F ig. 3 is a view of the under side of the forward part of the plane frog; Fig. 4 is a plan view of that part of the body of the plane which supports the frog.

1 represents the sole of the plane body; 2 the throat therein, and 3–3 are the cheek pieces. Immediately to the rear of the throat 2 is a smooth bearing support 5 designed to receive a cooperating bearing surface 7 at the forward end of the frog 6. Still farther to the rear of the throat 2 is an elevated bearing support 8, the rear portion of which is constructed to receive and support a cooperating bearing surface 9 on the frog. The bearing supports 5–8 are spaced apart so that the frog will be supported at two different points.

10 is a longitudinally arranged guide and strengthening rib on the upper side of the sole of the plane extending rearwardly from a point at or near the throat 2.

11 is a groove or slot in the under side of the frog, the side walls of which are arranged to take a bearing upon the side walls of the rib 10 whereby said rib 10 will serve to hold the frog in correct aiinement and guide the frog in its movement to and fro, thereby avoiding any twist or lateral displacement of the frog as it is being adjusted.

12–12a are longitudinal slots in the frog, parallel with the groove 11 but somewhat to the rear of the same. These slots are arranged to receive clamping screws 13–13a respectively. The lower ends of these clamping screws take into threaded openings 14–14a respectively in the sole of the plane which openings are arranged forward of the most elevated portion of the support 8.

15 is an adjusting screw carried by the sole of the plane at the rear of and below the bearing 8. This screw has a groove 15a arranged to receive a yoke 16, which is secured to the rear of the frog. When the screw 15 is moved to and fro, it will impart a corresponding movement to the frog.

17 is the plane iron or cutter held in place on the frog by the usual cap 18.

In operation, the frog is secured in place by means of the screws 13–13a, the same being set down snugly so as to prevent accidental or unintentional displacement of the frog. The strain of these screws, as shown, comes upon an intermediate part of the frog between the supports 5–8. The plane iron and cap are then applied. The adjustment of the plane iron for the purpose of projecting or retracting the cutting edge of the same may be accomplished in any well known manner, that being immaterial to my invention. If it is found that the position of the plane iron, fore and aft, in the throat 2 should be changed, it is merely necessary to move the screw 15 in the proper direction and to the desired extent, producing thereby the desired movement and adjustment of the frog. If by chance (and it is practically impossible to prevent it) one of the screws 13 or 13a is screwed down more tightly than the other, it is obvious that any movement to and fro of the frog would tend to twist the same upon its bearing supports by reason of an abnormal drag on one side of the center line. The provision of the guide rib 10 which fits between the guide walls of the groove 11 will prevent this displacement. I have found that even though the screws 13–13a be screwed down very tightly nevertheless adjustment of the frog by means of the screw 15 alone may be readily effected, due doubtless to the smooth bearing supports 5–8 and the co-acting smooth bearing surfaces 7–9 and to the fact that there is sufficient elasticity or spring in the frog along the line of the clamping screws 13–13a to prevent the absolute locking of the frog. While the clamping engagement of the screws 13–13a is not sufficient to prevent the intentional adjustment of the frog by the screw 15, said clamping engagement is quite sufficient to prevent accidental or unintentional displacement of the frog, particularly as in this respect the guiding rib 10 and the adjusting screw 15 cooperate with the clamping screws 13–13a in the retention of the frog in any of its adjusted positions.

l am aware that heretofore separated frog supports, adjusting screws, clamping screws and reinforcing ribs are old but in the present instance I have added a new function to the reinforcing rib, viz., the guiding function, and have thereby produced a means for permitting the quick and accurate adjustment of a plane frog, which means is vastly more simple and far more effective than any adjusting means heretofore produced in that it eliminates certain parts and operations heretofore regarded as essential, simplifies the act of adjusting, and guarantees a straight line movement of the frog to and fro. ln devices of this character it is desirable that the plane iron should be in position when the adjustment of the frog is being effected. By my improvement this is possible.

It is obvious that the number of guiding ribs 10 employed may be increased, but one is sufficient, and is, indeed, preferable. It is obvious that the rib 10 may engage the side walls of the groove 11 throughout their entire length, but in the preferred form it is desirable to cut back or narrow the top of the rib to the rear of its front end, so that the active guiding part of the rib is comparatively short and close to the throat. By this arrangement a slight lateral adjustment of the extreme rear end of the frog may be had in assembling the plane, only a very slight adjustment at this point ever being required (if at all) to secure the accurate positioning of the frog on the supports 5 and 8 relatively to the throat.

In practice I accomplish the proper positioning of the frog on its support in the following manner: Before tightening up the screw which holds the fork in its place, I place the forward end of the frog in its proper position upon the rib and then swing the rear end of the frog to right or to left as may be necessary to secure perfect alinement between the frog and center line of the plane bottom. During this swinging movement the fork 16 (loose on its own fastening screw) engages the circular groove 15a. When perfect alinement is secured, I force home the screw which holds the fork, thereby securing all the parts in cooperative combination. In this way the fore and aft movement of the frog on the plane bottom is made to be in perfect alinement throughout. When the fore and aft movement is secured in this manner the front edge of the frog is always parallel to the throat of the plane. This method is found to be advantageous in practice, although it is evident that with sufficient pains the proper cooperative relations of the frog and plane bottom may be secured even if the fork were firmly fastened in the first instance.

It is evident that yoke 16 and the adjusting screw 15 may be reversed, that is to say, the yoke may be secured by a screw to the bottom of the plane and the adjusting screw be inserted in the rear of the frog, these two elements cooperating with each other in the same way, whichever one of them may be uppermost. Likewise the fork may be cast integral with the portion of which it is a part.

What I claim is:

1. A bench plane comprising a body portion having a transverse throat in the sole portion thereof, a frog support to the rear of said throat, a frog mounted thereon for adjustment to and fro, means for frictionally clamping said frog to said support, a combined guide and operating means located at and accessible at the rear of the frog for moving said frog on said support longitudinally of the plane body, and a guiding rib and groove engagement between said frog and support adjacent to the throat of the plane whereby said frog will be prevented from twisting out of correct alinement relatively to the throat as it is adjusted to and fro.

2. A bench plane comprising a plane body having a transverse throat in its sole portion, a frog support, a frog mounted thereon, means for frictionally clamping said frog to said support on both sides of the central vertical plane thereof, and intermediate its forward and rear ends a single positively operating means for adjusting said frog on said support longitudinally of said plane, and a guiding rib and groove engagement between said frog and support at the forward end of the frog and adjacent to the throat of the plane whereby the said single adjusting means will move the frog parallel with said central vertical plane regardless of difference of degree of clamping between said clamping means.

EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
W. J. WORAM,
I. W. CHAPMAN.

No. 955,556 – Plane (Edmund A. Schade) (1910)

[paiddownloads id=”669″]955556

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE
& LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

955,556. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 19, 1910.
Application filed March 18, 1909. Serial No. 484,099.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND A. SCHADE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in planes, the main object being to provide superior adjusting means.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the body of a plane and certain parts, showing also certain other parts in side elevation, this section being taken on approximately the line W–W Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on the line X–X Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on the line Y–Y Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 11 is a cross-section on the line Z–Z Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 5 is a central longitudinal section of certain parts of the plane. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section taken on the same plane as the section of Fig. 1 and showing a modiication. Figs. 7 and 8 are side elevations of companion parts. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a modified part.

1 represents the frame of a plane provided with the usual sole and cheek pieces, and having the usual handles 2–2.

3 is a saddle mounted on the sele of the plane and preferably integral therewith. This saddle 3 furnishes a support for the frog 4, upon which is mounted the plane-iron 5, the same being secured thereto by the well known clamp 5a not necessary to describe in detail herein. The forward or cutting edge of the plane-iron 5 projects through a throat 6 in the sole of the plane. In the particular form shown, the saddle 3 is provided with a rib 7, which enters a groove in the lower end of the frog 4 and so fits the same that it operates as a guide to guarantee an accurate fore and aft movement of the frog relatively to the longitudinal axis of the plane while adjustment is being effected. The frog is suitably shaped to rest upon the saddle 3 so that it may be adjusted back and forth, thereby shifting as desired the cutting edge of the plane-iron 5 forward and back in the throat 6. The usual adjusting mechanism to vary the projection of the plane-iron may be provided, but, since the same constitutes no part of this invention, it need not be described herein.

The particular feature of invention herein disclosed relates to the adjustment of the frog, whereby the throat clearance may be varied. To accomplish the adjustment of the frog, I provide an adjusting screw 8 mounted at the rear of the saddle 3 and operating to and fro. A forked plate 9 carried by and at the rear of the frog 4 stands in an annular groove in the head of the screw 8 so that as the screw 8 is operated to and fro, it imparts a corresponding movement to the frog, provided the latter is not locked in place. To lock the latter in place, I provide a simple and effective clamping mechanism comprising (in the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4 and 6 and 7) the tubular shank 10 arranged vertically in a suitable bore in the saddle 3. As shown, two of these tubular shanks 10 are provided and each of these shanks is preferably threaded to receive a screw 10a, the shank of each screw standing in a longitudinal slot 4a in the frog 4.

11–11 are set-screws which pass into the rear of the saddle 3 so as to be easily accessible from the rear. These screws preferably have conical noses at the forward end, which pass into recesses in the side of each sleeve 10 so that when said screws 11 are advanced they will operate to force the sleeves 10 down so as to clamp the heads of the screws 10a tightly against the frog, in turn drawing the frog hard down against the saddle 3. Ordinarily, in planes of this character, it has been necessary, in order to adjust the frog, to remove the plane-iron 5. Inasmuch as the degree of throat clearance cannot be accurately and quickly determined when the plane-iron is removed, it follows that an adjusting device which is accessible and operable when the plane-iron is in place, furnishes an exceedingly valuable improvement.

By my invention all that is required is to simply loosen the screws 11–11, after which the adjusting screw 8 may be turned in a direction to advance or retract the frog to the desired extent. When the proper adjustment has been attained, the set-screws 11–11 are advanced by a screw-driver entered from the rear, until the heads of the screws 10a draw down on the frog and clamp it firmly to the saddle.

During the period of adjustment, the rib serves to guide the forward edge of the frog to and fro in exactly the proper line, thus relieving all the other parts of this burden. While of course an approximate alinement might be given by the cheek-pieces, it would require an expensive machining operation to so finish the cheek pieces and frog sides that accurate alinement, from this source, could be relied upon. By my invention the rib 7 may be cast integrally with the saddle and the groove in the lower side of the frog which rides on the rib may be quickly and easily formed so as to guarantee the maximum of perfection in adjustment at a minimum of expense and labor.

In the modification shown in Figs. 6 and 9, I provide the solid clamping stud 10b in place of the companion parts 10–10a, and in this case, instead of providing a tubular sleeve similar to 10, I provide a solid shank for the stud 10b.

I am aware that various modifications may be made, and, so long as the construction selected provides for adjustment of the frog without removing the plane-iron therefrom, I deem such modification as within the scope of the broadest of the claims herein.

What I claim is:

1. In a plane, a body portion having a sole and a throat therein, a frog support arranged at the rear of said throat and extending transversely across the sole, a frog mounted on said support, and adjustable to and fro, means for adjusting said frog comprising a screw accessible at the rear of said frog, means to secure said frog on said support comprising a clamping device projecting downwardly through the frog and into said support, a locking device comprising a screw entering said support from the rear, the forward end of said screw having a cone head, a recess in said clamping device into which said cone head may be projected, the inclined wall of said cone head engaging and forcing said clamping device in a direction to rigidly secure said frog in place.

2. In a plane, a body portion having a sole and a throat therein, a frog support arranged at the rear of said throat and extending transversely across the sole, a frog mounted on said support and adjustable to and fro, means for adjusting said frog comprising a screw accessible at the rear of said frog, means to secure said frog on said support comprising a two part clamping device projecting downwardly through the frog and into said support, a locking device comprising a screw entering said support from the rear, the forward end of said screw having a cone head, a recess in said clamping device into which said cone head may be projected, the inclined wall of said cone head engaging and forcing said clamping device in a direction to rigidly secure said frog in place, said clamping device being adjustable as to length.

EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
W. J. WORAM,
I. W. CHAPMAN.

No. 949,691 – Plane-Guide (William T. Whiteway) (1910)

[paiddownloads id=”668″]949691

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM T. WHITEWAY, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE-GUIDE.

_________________

949,691. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 15, 1910.
Application filed December 17, 1907. Serial No. 406,911.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM T. WHITEWAY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Cambridge, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Plane-Guides, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to plane-guides, and one of the principal objects of the same is to provide detachable and adjustable guides for planes which can be quickly adjusted and which will serve to hold the plane in alinement with the edge of a board.

Another object is to provide a plane-guide which can be used as a try-square, side gage, or supplemental sole.

These and other objects may be attained by means of the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which :–

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a metal jack-plane of ordinary construction having two guides secured to one side thereof. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through one of the guides and the guideway and keeper for said guide.

Referring to the drawing for a more specific description of my invention, the numeral 1 designates a plane which may be of any suitable construction and preferably provided with a side member 2 having a dovetailed upright groove 3 formed therein near each of its front and rear ends and by preference forward and backward of the cutting blade which latter at its edge may stand as close to the side 2 as desired. The grooves are open at top and bottom and laterally through the side 2, and hence when the guides are not employed the grooves cannot readily become clogged with sawdust, or if it accumulates therein it can easily be shaken out. Into these grooves are fitted guides 4, preferably counterparts of each other so that they are interchangeable, and each guide consists of a straight bar of a size to closely yet adjustably fill the groove, having a flat outer face which will stand flush with the side 2 of the plane and a flat inner face which will stand at right angles to the sole 9 of the plane, and rounded ends 5. In length the bar is preferably such that when in place it will project both above and below the plane body as shown; and it may be adjusted in its groove so that its lower end will stand above the sole when its presence will not interfere with the ordinary use of the plane, or so that its lower end will project below the sole more or less when it may be employed as a guide to hold the plane on the edge of a board or on its side adjacent its edge. Obviously one or both guides may be withdrawn entirely; or, when one is used and the other raised or withdrawn, one end of the plane will be guided along the board and the other may be deflected from the line of travel so as to produce a shearing action of the cutting blade which then stands slightly oblique. Finally, either or both of the guides 4 when projected below the sole 9 stand at right angles thereto and may be used for squaring work as will be understood; and a plane having one or more of these guides will not dull its blade if thrown upon the bench, because the lower end of the guide holds the sole elevated.

In connection with the guides, I prefer to employ keepers as shown. These consist each of a straight bar much like the bar of each guide except that it is preferably rectangular in cross section, and the two keepers 6 are also counterparts of each other. Each stands across one groove at about the center of its vertical length and is secured flat to the side face 2 of the plane parallel with the sole 9. The keepers are in alinement with each other longitudinally, and hence their flat outer faces will constitute a side gage to hold the plane at a uniform distance from an upright along which planing is to be done, and their flat lower edges will constitute a supplemental sole to limit the depth to which the cutting of the plane may proceed. These keepers stand only across the midlength of the upright grooves, and hence sawdust in the latter may be easily dislodged as by tapping the plane against the bench.

By preference the keepers are attached to the plane by screws 7 having countersunk heads as shown so that the flat outer face of the keepers is not interrupted. Such means of attachment renders the keepers removable when desired, yet without detracting from their function just set forth. By preference also a set screw 8 is passed inward through a threaded hole at about the center of each keeper and its inner end bears flat against the outer face of the guide beneath, whereby the latter is positively held against movement in its groove and is still capable of adjustment by first loosening the set screw. The threaded hole through the keeper is open at both ends when the screw 8 is removed, and sawdust can be easily dislodged therefrom; and the use of the set screws is therefore useful though not absolutely necessary. In the complete device, I prefer to employ all these attachments and sell them with the plane as illustrated; but with proper use they provide the plane with a guide, a side gage, a supplemental sole, and a square, and it is even possible to use the plane with a shear cut as above set forth.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, is :–

1. A plane provided in one side near its front and rear ends with upright dovetailed grooves open at top and bottom and laterally through said side; combined with two guides, each consisting of a straight bar of a section to fit either groove closely but adjustably and having a flat outer face standing flush with the side of the plane and a flat inner face standing at right angles to its sole.

2. A plane provided in one side near its front and rear ends with upright dovetailed grooves open at to and bottom and laterally through said side; combined with two guides each consisting of a straight bar of a I section to fill either groove and having a flat outer face flush with the side of the plane, two keepers each secured across a groove with their lower edges parallel with each other and the sole of the plane, and a set screw through each keeper against its guide.

3. A plane provided in one side near its front and rear ends with upright grooves open at top and bottom and laterally through said side; combined with guides each consisting of a straight bar standing in and longer than said groove and having rounded ends and flat inner and outer faces, keepers standing in alinement with each other and extending across said grooves between the ends of the latter, said keepers having their lower edges parallel with the sole of the plane and their outer faces parallel with its side, screws removably securing the keepers to the plane and having countersunk heads, and a set screw through the keepers against each guide.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM T. WHITEWAY. [L. S.]

Witnesses:
WALTER E. ROGERS,
SARAH WHITEWAY.