Tag: Blade Adjustment

No. 423,424 – Bench-Plane (Samuel Frisbie) (1890)

[paiddownloads id=”461″]423424

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL FRISBIE, OF UNIONVILLE, ASSIGNOR TO THE
UPSON NUT COMPANY, OF FARMINGTON, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 423,424, dated March 18, 1890.
Application filed April 15, 1889. Serial No. 307,352. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL FRISBIE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Unionville, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes; and the objects of my improvement are simplicity in construction and efficiency in operation.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of my plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the same on the line x x of Fig. 1, looking squarely upon the face of the movable bed. Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of my plane in its preferred form; and Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the stock on line y y of Fig. 3, together with a rear elevation of the remaining parts, the cutting-bit and holding-cap being removed.

A designates the stock, of any ordinary form in its general features, and provided with a short section of a frog or seat 5 for the lower end of the cutting-bit 6, said frog-section having on its rear under side a perforation in which the tenon or projection 7 of the movable cutter-bed 8 is loosely fitted, so that said bed may move longitudinally with the cutting-bit, and also rock laterally at its upper end, the tenon 7 serving as a fulcrum on which it rocks. The rear and upper end of this movable bed rests upon a stud 9, and is held in place thereon by means of the screw 10, which passes through a slot in said bed, so as to permit a certain degree of longitudinal and transverse movement of the bed. This bed is so mounted upon the end of the stud 9 that its upper face is substantially a continuation of the sloping face of the frog-section 5. The holding-cap 11, of ordinary construction, is held in place by the screw 12 for clamping the cutting-bit 6 firmly upon the movable bed 3 substantially as such holding-cap and screw have heretofore held the bit upon a stationary bed. The longitudinal adjustment of the cutting-bit is effected by means of the adjusting-screw 13, which carries the movable bed up and down and the cutting-bit with it.

In the preferred form I form an extension 14 on the upper end of the stud 9, to the rear of which I pivot the laterally-adjusting lever 15, with its handle in a pendent position and with its upper end entering a slot 16 in the upper end of the movable bed, whereby a movement of said lever will adjust the movable bed either to the right or left and carry with said bed the cutting-bit, and thereby effect the well-known lateral adjustment of said cutting-bit.

The modification shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is in effect substantially the same — that is to say, it combines with the movable bed a laterally-adjusting lever for effecting the lateral adjustment of the bit by moving its bed; but instead of having the lever in a pendent position it extends parallel to the cutting-bit, with its major portion underneath said bit.

Instead of pivoting said lever to an extension on the stud 9, it is pivoted to the top of said stud by the same screw 10 that serves to hold the moving bed down upon said stud, and the upper face of said bed is grooved or slotted, as shown at 17, Fig. 2, whereby a lateral movement of the lever 15 will move the bed 8 laterally, as before described, diifering only in the substitution of a lever of a different order.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a plane, the combination of the cutting-bit, the moving bed, devices for clamping said bit upon said moving bed, and a laterally-adjusting lever acting to adjust said bed and bit bodily together in a lateral direction, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a plane, the combination of the cutting-bit, the laterally-moving bed, and devices for clamping said bit to said bed, whereby said bed and bit move together laterally in adjusting the cutting-edge squarely with the stock, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

SAMUEL FRISBIE.

Witnesses:
M. C. WOODFORD,
W. E. GRAHAM.

No. 413,329 – Plane (Solon R. Rust) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”455″]413329

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST, OF NEW HARTFORD, ASSIGNOR TO THE BIRMINGHAM
PLANE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF BIRMINGHAM, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 413,329, dated October 22, 1889.
Application filed June 25, 1888. Serial No. 315,458. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SOLON R. RUST, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Hartford, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in planes, and has for its object to provide a construction which shall be simple and easy of operation, and whereby a limited adjustment of the cutting-bit relative to the mouth of the plane may be readily effected; and with these ends in view my invention consists in the details of construction and combination of elements hereinafter fully and in detail explained, and then recited in the claims.

In order that those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains may fully understand its construction and operation, I will describe the same in detail, reference being had io the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a central vertical longitudinal section through a plane constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2, a detail perspective showing the method of grooving the under surface of the plane-bit; Fig. 3, a detail plan view showing the adusting-lever mounted in its fulcrum-block; Fig. 4, a detail vertical section through the forward end of the lever and the opening through which the pivot passes.

Like numerals denote the same parts in all the figures of the drawings.

1 is the plane-stock, having at its rear end a divided post 2, which supports the bit and serves as the frog. At its rear side this post has a pair of inward projections 3, whose edges are somewhat beveled. (See Fig. 3.) Between the parts of the divided post is secured a lever 4, fulcrumed upon a pin or rivet 5 passed through said post. The hole in the lever is slightly larger than the rivet, and is countersunk from either end thereof, (see detail, Fig. 4,) so that the lever may have an easy movement lengthwise of the pin without binding upon the latter. At the top surface of its forward end the lever is provided with a series of teeth 6 — say three or four in number — arranged on an arc struck from the center of the fulcrum-pin.

7 is the bit, which, upon its back and for a portion of its length, is provided with a series of square-edged transverse grooves 8, spaced to correspond with the spacing of the teeth 6 upon the lever. 9 is a square-edged groove cut lengthwise of the back of the bit and centrally intersecting the transverse grooves heretofore referred to at right angles. The depth of this groove is about half that of the transverse groove, so that a sort of rack is left at the bottom of said longitudinal groove, while at the same time square abutments are left at its sides for the purpose presently explained.

10 is the wedge, having a binding-screw 11 and a flat spring 12 at its under side, against which the end of the screw abuts, so that it may not mar the upper surface of the bit when turned downward to secure it. The wedge binds the bit to the post by the ordinary rneans of a transverse rod 13, extended between the sides of the stock, and underneath which the wedge lies.

When the parts are assembled, as shown at Fig. 1, the operation of my invention is as follows: The teeth upon the lever lie in the longitudinal groove and engage with the transverse grooves which form the rack at the bottom of said groove. It will be readily understood that a limited longitudinal movement either forward or backward may be imparted to the bit by raising or lowering the handle end of the lever, the teeth of which actuate the bit by their engagement with the rack. When a lateral adjustment is desired for the purpose of squaring the cutting-edge of the bit with the plane-mouth, said adjustment may be obtained by a lateral movement of the handle end of the lever. When this is done, the sides of the teeth engage with the square abutments at sides of the longitudinal groove, and, as the lever is pivoted loosely on its pin and may move lengthwise thereon, said lever, for the purpose of this sidewise movement, fulcrums between the edges of the inward projections at the rear of the divided post and slides longitudinally upon the pin.

I claim —

1. In a plane, the combination, with the stock and the doubly-fulcrumed lever, of the cutting-bit having at its rear side the transversely-extended grooves and the shallow longitudinal groove intersecting the transverse grooves at right angles, substantially as set forth.

2. In a plane, the combination, with the cutting-bit, the same having the transverse grooves and the longitudinal groove, whereby a bearing is afforded for its actuation longitudinally and laterally, of the lever having thereon the operating-teeth and two fulcrum-points, one for the operation of the bit longitudinally and the other for its adjustment laterally, substantially as specified.

3. In a plane, the combination, with the bit, the same having the transverse and longitudinal grooves in its rear side, of the divided post, upon which said bit rests, the toothed lever loosely pivoted on a pin within said divided post, and adapted, in addition to its movement upon said pin as a center, to have a movement longitudinally thereof, substantially as set forth.

4. In a plane, the combination, with the bit, having at its rear side the transverse grooves and the shallower longitudinal groove intersecting said transverse grooves at right angles, of the divided post having the beveled inward projections at its rear side, the lever provided with operating-teeth and having a countersunk pivot-hole, and the pin secured in said post and passing loosely through the hole in the lever, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

SOLON R. RUST.

Witnesses:
WM. H. WILLIAMS,
MARGARET G. TORRANCE.

No. 413,300 – Plane (George D. Mosher) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”454″]413300

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE D. MOSHER, OF BIRMINGHAM, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE BIRMINGHAM PLANE COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 413,300, dated October 22, 1889.
Application filed June 25, 1889. Serial No. 315,506. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE D. MOSHER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Birmingham, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in planes, but more particularly to means for the adjustment of the cutting-bit; and the object of my invention is to furnish a device which shall be simple in construction and cheap to manufacture, and whereby a limited adjustment either longitudinally or laterally may be imparted to the bit; and with these ends in view my invention consists in the details of construction and combination of co-operating elements hereinafter to be fully set set forth, and then recited in the claims, which are hereunto annexed.

In order that those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains may fully understand its construction and method of op-
eration, I will describe the same in detail, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section through the operative parts of a plane constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2, a section through the plane-stock at the line y y of Fig.1, looking in the direction of the arrow, the plane-bit being shown in front elevation and the fastening-wedge being removed; Fig. 3, a similar view, but with the wedge and bit both removed; and Fig. 4, a detail section at line x x of Fig. 1, looking toward the rear of the plane.

Like numerals denote the same parts in all the figures of the drawings.

1 is the plane-stock, having therein secured the frog 2 by screws 3 or other means. 4 is the cutting-bit, slotted longitudinally, as seen at 5, and adapted to lie against the inclined forward face of the frog. 6 is the cap-plate, which lies upon the bit and is secured thereto, as by a screw 7, whose head engages the surface of the bit at either side of the slot in the latter. The cap-plate has an opening 8 therein to allow of movement relative to the screw 9, which projects outwardly from the frog and serves in conjunction with the binding-wedge 10 to secure the bit and cap-plate firmly against the frog, as is common to many planes now in use. The cap-plate has also an opening 11, whose purpose will presently appear. At the rear of the frog, and projecting therefrom in substantially a horizontal plane, is a screw 12, upon which runs a nut 13, which is provided with an annular groove let near its forward end.

15 is a lever pivoted on a pin 20 between ears 16 on the frog. It is yoked at its lower end so as to loosely engage the groove in the nut. The pivot-joint is loose so that the lever may be moved lengthwise upon the pivot-pin, for the purpose presently explained. The upper end of the lever passes through the slot of the bit and enters the opening 11 in the cap, to which it is closely adapted.

17 is a lever fulcrumed at 18 to the upper end of the frog, said lever having near its lower end an elongated opening 19, through which the lever 15 passes and in which it may be moved by the screw.

In the adjustment of the bit by means of the instrumentalities hereinbefore described the longitudinal movement is imparted thereto by moving the nut on the screw, whereby the lever is turned upon its fulcrum and the cap and bit are carried along by means of it. The lateral movement of the bit for squaring its edge with the plane mouth is effected by the lever 17, which, being swung upon its fulcrum, will carry the lever 15 along upon the pin on which it is pivoted and thereby, through said lever, move the bit laterally. To avoid lost motion, the end of the lever 15 should conform closely to the opening in the cap-plate, in which case a very nice adjustment of the bit in both directions may be made.

As the bit wears away, the cap-plate can be moved relatively thereto, so that the lever-opening in the cap may be always in proper relative position toward the lever.

I claim —

1. In a plane of the character described, the combination, with the bit and the cap-plate, of the screw-operated lever, whose end engages the cap-plate, and the laterally-adjusting lever engaging and adapted to move the screw-operated lever and therethrough the bit, substantially as set forth.

2. In a plane, the combination the bit and the perforated cap-plate thereon secured, of the yoked and screw-operated lever pivoted to the frog and movable longitudinally of its bearing and the pivoted laterally-adjusting lever arranged around and adapted to actuate the screw-operated lever, substantially as specified.

3. The combination, in a plane, with the stock and the frog of the slotted bit, of the cap-plate having the opening 11, means, as the wedge, for securing the bit and plate to the frog, the lever 15, engaged and operated by the nut 13 and projecting into the opening 11 in the cap-plate, and the laterally-adjusting lever 17, fulcrnlned to the frog and engaging the lever 15, whereby said lever 15 may be moved along its fulcrurn, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE D. MOSHER.

Witnesses:
WALTER S. TORRANCE,
EDWIN B. GAGER.

No. 410,710 – Bench-Plane (George Karrmann) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”453″]410710

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE KARRMANN, OF UNIONVILLE, ASSIGNOR TO
THE UPSON NUT COMPANY, OF FARMINGTON, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 410,710, dated September 10, 1889.
Application filed May 22, 1889. Serial No. 311,692. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE KARRMANN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Unionville, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes having a device for the lateral adjustment of the cutting-bit; and the chief object of my invention is to provide a friction-slide and operating devices for moving the cutting-bit by frictional contact only.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of a plane which embodies my invention. Fig. 2 is a face view of the upper portion of the frog, to which my lateral adjustment is applied. Fig. 3 is a like view of the same provided with different operating devices; and Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the same, partly in elevation, on the line x x of Fig. 3. Fig. 1 is on a smaller scale than the figures which follow it.

The plane-stock A, cutting-bit B, holding-cap C and its attachments may be of any ordinary construction, and therefore require no special description.

I have herein illustrated a lever 5, which is operated by the screw 6, for adjusting the cutting-bit B longitudinally, in an old and well-known manner, and for which any other mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bit longitudinally may be substituted.

In the upper end of the frog D, immediately under the cutting-bit B, I place a friction-slide 7, which is fitted in a proper groove or recess to slide transversely to said frog D and with its upper face slightly projecting above the upper face of the frog D. In Figs. 1 and 2 I operate this slide to move it transversely to the cutting-bit by means of the laterally-adjusting lever 8, which is pivoted to the frog, as at 9, while its other end is connected with the friction-slide 7 in any suitable manner — as, for instance, by means of the pin 10.

In Figs. 3 and 4 the friction-slide is provided with a downwardly-extending lug 11, having a screw-threaded hole, and mounted in suitable bearings on the under side of the frog is an adjusting-screw 12, the threaded end of which enters the threaded hole in the lug 11. The screw 12 is left free to revolve in its bearings, but held against longitudinal movement therein by means of shoulders in the ordinary manner of mounting similar screws. I have shown two different devices for moving the slide to indicate that other operating devices may be substituted for the lever 8.

By turning the screw or moving the lever or other operating device the slide 7 may be moved longitudinally in its ways or guides, so as to carry it transversely to the length of the cutting-bit. I prefer to roughen the upper surface or a portion of the upper surface of the slide 7 to increase its frictional contact with the cutting-bit. In use with either form the cutting-bit is merely seated in place and clamped in the ordinary manner, with its under face at the upper end resting upon the frictional slide 7 without any connection with said cutting-bit other than frictional contact. By moving said frictional slide with any suitable operating mechanism the upper end of the cutting-bit may be moved laterally in either direction. By thus moving the bit with a frictional slide it is not necessary to make any provision for wear of the cutter or to provide any special devices for connecting it with the slide or to pay any attention to the arrangements of the slot. It may therefore be used with any ordinary cutting-bit, either slotted or not slotted.

I claim as my invention —

In a bench-plane, the frictionslide 7, arranged to move transversely under the upper end of the cutting-bit, and provided with operating mechanism, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

GEORGE KARRMANN.

Witnesses:
S. FRISBIE,
W. W. WOODFORD.

No. 402,886 – Bench-Plane (Frank M. Bailey) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”449″]402886

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK M. BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 402,886, dated May 7, 1889.
Application filed December 11, 1888. Serial No. 293,248. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK M. BAILEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes in which the cutting-bit is adjustable laterally; and the objects of my invention are to improve the general efliciency of the lateral adjustment, and also to effect said adjustment through the cap-screw.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of my plane. Fig. 2 is a transverse section thereof on the line x x of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a like view showing a modification.

A designates the plane-stock, provided with the ordinary cutting-bit, B,its cap-iron C, holding-cap D, longitudinally-adjusting lever E, and its operating-nut F, all of ordinary construction.

The bed for the cutting-bit, or, as it is more generally termed, the “frog,” 4, is cut away through its middle portion to a point a little below the screw 5, by which the holding-cap is held, in order to make room for the laterally-adjusting compound lever composed of the lower member, 6, and upper member, 7, both of which are pivoted to the frog 4 on axes perpendicular to its face, the upper member by means of the pivot 8 and the lower member by means of the screw 5. The lower end of the upper member, 7, is rounded and engages a correspondingly-shaped notch at the upper end of the lower member, whereby a movement laterally of the upper member on its pivot will also move laterally the lower member, thereby enabling the lateral adjustment to be worked with ease and a very fine adjustment to be effected.

In the preferred form I provide the lower member, 6, of the compound lever, with an opening, 9, which will receive and nearly fit the head 10 of the ordinary cap-screw for holding the cap-iron C on the cutting-bit B, whereby a lateral movement of the lever, by thus engaging the cap-screw, necessitates a lateral movement of the cap-iron and cutting-bit. As the cutting-bit wears away at its lower end it will be slipped down farther on the cap-iron; but the cap-screw will always remain at nearly the same distance from the lower end of the cutting-bit, so that the laterally-adjusting mechanism always operates upon the cutting-bit at practically the same distance from its lower end.

In Fig. 3 I have shown the same construction, with the exception that I make the opening in the lower member, 6, of the compound lever large enough not to engage the cap-screw, and I provide said lower member with an upward projection, 12, which is adapted to engage the side walls of the ordinary longitudinal slot in the cutting-bit; or in the absence of said slot said upward projection may enter a hole in the cutting-bit specially adapted to receive it. This alternative form or modification may also be used in planes in which the cap-iron and cap-screw are absent.

I claim as my invention —

1. The combination of the plane-stock provided with the frog 4, the cutting-bit, andthe laterally-adjusting compound lever consisting of the lower and upper members pivoted on axes perpendicular to the face of said frog, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of the plane-stock provided with the frog 4, the compound lever consisting of the lower member, 6, having the opening 9 and upper member, 7, both pivoted to said frog, the cutting-bit B, cap-iron C, and the cap-screw 10, the head of which screw rests within the opening 9 of said lower member of the compound lever, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

FRANK M. BAILEY.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
H. C. HINE.

No. 401,532 – Bench-Plane (Frank M. Bailey) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”448″]401532

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK M. BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 401,532, dated April 16, 1889.
Application filed December 3, 1888. Serial No. 292,540. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK M. BAILEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes of the class in which the upper end of the plane-iron is adjusted laterally;
and the object of my improvement is to provide a laterally-adjusting lever which does not necessitate the employnient of a longitudinal slot in the cutting-bit.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is vertical section of a plane-stock with a side elevation of the other parts of the plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of said plane-stock on the line x x of Fig. 1, with a face view of the parts below said line. Fig. 3 is a like view of a portion of a plane-stock and a modified form of laterally-adjusting lever. Fig. 4 is a like view showing still another form of laterally-adjusting lever, the plane of section being on the line y y of Fig. 5; and Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a complete plane, parts of which are illustrated in Fig. 4.

A designates the plane-stock provided with a cutting-bit, B, the same being held in position on its frog by means of the holding-screw 6, holding-cap C, and cam 7. In the form shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the longitudinal adjusting-lever 8 is provided with teeth 9 at its forward end on its upper face, and is moved on its axis by the adjusting-nut 10, which travels up and down upon a screw-threaded post, 11. The central portion of the cutting-bit B, with this form of longitudinally-adjusting mechanism, is provided with a longitudinal series of transverse slots, into which the teeth 9 of the lever 8 engage for adjusting the cutting-bit longitudinally, all as in a well-known prior plane.

Upon the plane-stock underneath the cutting-bit, I pivot the laterally-adjusting lever 12, which lever is provided with laterally-extending arms 13 13, at the outer ends of each of which there is an upwardly-projecting lug, 14, for engagement with the two outer edges of the cutting-bit B. in Figs. 1 and 2 this lever is pivoted to the stock in a central position at a point below the teeth 9 of the longitudinally-adjusting lever, and the central portion of the lever 12 at this point is out away or provided with an opening, through which the engaging end of the lever 8 may project. The laterally-extending arms 13 and upwardly-projecting lugs 14 are formed integral with the lever 12. In the form shown in Fig. 3 these arms and lugs are formed of a separate piece from the lever 12, arranged to slide laterally, and are secured to said lever by the pin 15, so that the lateral movement of the lever 12 carries with it the upwardly-projecting lugs 14. In Figs. 4 and 5 the arms 13 and upwardly-projectings lugs 14 are also formed integral with the lever 13; but the pivot for said lever is located above said arm and lugs. The longitudinally-adjusting mechanism in this latter construction consists of an angle-lever, 16, and adjusting-screw 17, the upper end of the lever 16 taking into the cap-iron 18 of the cutting-bit, all as in a well-known prior construction.

In all of the various forms shown the two outer edges of the cutting-bit are received in between the upwardly-projecting lugs 14 14, so as to be engaged thereby, and the lever is pivoted to the stock underneath the cutter and vibrates laterally in a plane which is parallel to that of the cutting-bit. A lateral movement of the lever on its fulcrum causes the upwardly-projecting lugs to move laterally with said lever. One or the other of the upwardly-projecting lugs 14 (according to which direction the lever is moved) will engage with one edge of the cutting-bit and carry said bit laterally to adjust its lower edge, so as to be square with the stock, the general effect being the same as in lateral adjustments heretofore employed.

I do not claim, broadly, a lever pivoted to the stock underneath and parallel with the cutting-bit for rnoving it laterally; but, so far as I know, these laterally-adjusting levers, when directly engaging the cutting-bit, have been made to engage the cuting-bit at a point midway between its two edges.

I claim as my invention —

In a benoh-plane, the combination of the cutting-bit, a laterally-adjusting lever, the laterally-projecting arms and upwardly-projecting lugs moving laterally with said lever and adapted to engage the outer edges of the cutting-bit, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

FRANK M. BAILEY.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
F. N. STANLEY.

No. 392,425 – Carpenter’s Plane (James Hartness And John J. Tower) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”442″]392425

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES HARTNESS, OF TORRINGTON, CONNECTICUT, AND JOHN J. TOWER,
OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK; SAID HARTNESS ASSIGNOR TO SAID TOWER.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 392,425, dated November 6, 1888.
Application filed January 14, 1888. Serial No. 260,769. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JAMES HARTNESS, of Torrington, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, and JOHN J. TOWER, of the city of Brooklyn, and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a specification.

Carpenters’ planes have been made in which the cutter-iron is held within the stock and is adjusted to cut thicker or thinner shavings by the action of a screw or a lever, and this cutter-iron is clamped to its place by a lever having hooks or lugs that catch behind the portion of the stock or movable cradle upon which the cutter-iron rests. A plane of this character is represented in Letters Patent No. 126,519, granted May 7, 1872, to O. R. Chaplin.

Our present improvement is made for preventing a difliculty that has been experienced in this character of plane-namely, that the cap-iron cannot easily be adjusted and held in the proper position to the cutting-edge of the cutter-iron, because the cap-iron has been attached to the clamp and is moved by and with the clamp when the same is placed upon the cutter-iron, and with planes, especially those having a wooden face, the cutting-edge is within the mortise and cannot be easily seen, and hence the cap-iron may slip down and injure the edge of the cutter, or it may be too far away from the edge of the cutter, and hence not act in the desired manner to break the shavings transversely and prevent the wood splitting.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of our improved plane. Fig. 2 is a I detached view of the cap-iron and cutter. Fig. 3 is a separate view of the clamp. Fig. 4 is a section at the line x x, Fig. 1.

The face of the plane and the stock are of any desired character; but our improvement is especially available when the face A of the plane is of wood, to which the metal stock B is attached, having a handle, C, and the inclined bearing D for the cutter-iron E, and this inclined bearing D, is capable of being moved up and down by the action of a screw or lever. We have represented a screw-segment, F, and lever G for adjusting the cutter-iron, as in the aforesaid patent, and the clamp H is made slightly concave upon the under side and provided with hooks or lugs I, that hook behind the inclined bearing D by moving the clamp H down over the cutter-iron, so that the hooks pass along under the bearing D, and there is a screw, K, that acts against the face of the cutter-iron at the upper end of the clamp-lever to force the lower end of such clamp against the capiron L and cutter-iron E.

Instead of connecting the cap-iron L to the clamp H by pins or otherwise, as in said patent, we make the cap-iron L with a longitudinal slot, 2, and with a narrower upper portion, 3, within which such slot is formed, and the lower end, 4, of the cap iron L is of a width corresponding to the width of the cutter-iron E, and the under side of the cap-iron L is slightly concave, as usual in cap-irons, and we make use of a screw, O, passing through the slot 2, for fastening the cap-iron L firmly to the cutter-iron E, and the slot 2 allows for the adjustment of the cap-iron L to bring the end 4 to the proper distance from the cutting-edge of the cutter-iron E. This is done after the cutter has been sharpened and before it is placed in the plane-stock, and this operation in itself is thesame as that which is performed in ordinary carpenters’ planes, and it is usually preferred by carpenters to be able to adjust the cap-iron to the cutter in this manner; but an ordinary cutter-iron and cap-iron are not adapted to the stock and clamp with which our improvement is used, because the hooks I render it necessary to make the cutter-iron narrower at the upper part than in the lower part, and to adapt the cap-iron to the cutter-iron we make the cap-iron narrower, as shown at 3, so that it may extend upwardly the desired distance on the cutter-iron and not be in the way of the hooks I, and we place the screw O with the head above the cap-iron, so that the cutter-iron may rest down flat upon the inclined bearing D; and we may stiffen the upper portion of the cap-iron L by the ribs 5, that are bent up at the edges of the narrower portion, 3, of such cap-iron. The clamp H, being slightly concave on its under side, is adapted to set over the screw o and narrow portion of the cap-iron.

In the ordinary plane-irons the cutter-iron is slotted longitudinally and the screw passes through the slot in the cutter-iron into the cap-iron. This cannot be used in the character of plane upon which our improvement is made, because the screw in that case comes at the back or under side of the cutter-iron.

The ribs 5 upon the cap-iron stiffen the same sufficiently to insure the proper contact of the end 4 of such cap-iron against the surface of the cutter-iron, and the pressure is also increased by the lower end of the clamp-lever H, that is pressed upon the same to hold the cutter in place by the action of the screw K.

The adjustment of the cutter to cut the thicker or thinner shavings is effected in the usual manner without varying the distance between the end it of the cap-iron and the cutting-edge of the cutter-iron E.

We claim as our invention —

1. The combination, with the plane-stock and the inclined bearing D, of the cutter-iron E, the slotted cap-iron L, a screw passing through the slot and attaching the same to the cutter-iron, and the clamp H, made concave to set over the screw and narrow portion of the cap-iron, having hooks I, that catch behind the inclined bearing D, and the clamping-screw K at the upper end of the clamp H for pressing the lower end of the clamp upon the cap-iron and holding the same and the cutter in place, substantially as set forth.

2. The cap-iron L, having a slot, 2, and the ribs 5 at the edges of the narrower portion, 3, of said cap-iron, in combination with the cutter-iron E and the screw O, for connecting the cap-iron to the cutter-iron, and the clamp H, having hooks I, and the screw K, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with the cutter-iron E, of the cap-iron L, corresponding in width at its lower end to the width of the cutter and the upper portion, 3, being narrower and provided with a slot, 2, the screw O, for attaching the cap iron to the cutter, the clamp H, having hooks I, and the screw K, and the inclined bearing D and plane-stock, substantially as set forth.

Signed by us this 29th day of December, 1887.

JAMES HARTNESS.
JOHN J. TOWER.

Witnesses:
JOHN W. BROOKS,
W. H. COLE.

No. 390,574 – Plane (Marten Doscher) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”441″]390574

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MARTEN DOSCHER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 390,574, dated October 2, 1888.
Application filed February 3, 1888. Serial No. 262,855. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARTEN DOSCHER, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to planes; and the novelty consists in the means employed to accurately adjust the double plane-iron without removing it from the stock. All of the planes having such an adjustment of the double plane-iron which have come to my knowledge possess some disadvantage, in that they either require special irons to be made, some work to be done upon the binding-screw, or prevent the usual simple relative adjustment of the plane-bit and cap-iron. In my invention I have sought to remedy these defects by providing a simple device attachable to the head of the binding-screw of the double plane-irons, whereby it can be adjusted in place by means of a screw attached thereto actuated by a milled-headed nut turning in fixed bearings on the plane-stock. By the use of this device an ordinary double plane-iron can always be used with the one stock, and the user and purchaser is not restricted to the special irons made by one manufacturer. It is simple, cheap, and efficient.

In the drawings, in which the same letters refer to the same parts in all the figures, Figure 1 is a vertical medial section and partial elevation of a plane containing my improved device. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the top plate supporting and guiding the double plane-iron. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the attachable clutch, and Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the stock containing the device.

A is the plane-stock, having the handle A’ and provided with the slotted opening a a’. On top of the stock and surrounding the opening is a casting, B B’, which I call the “top plate,” and which is securely fastened to the stock by screws or other suitable means. In front the top plate consists of the front wall and two side walls, B, each of which is provided with a wedge-shaped lug, b’, against which the wedge-iron H plays. In the rear the top plate consists of two side walls, B’, each of which terminates in a flange, lb, the upper surface of the walls and flanges serving as a guide and support for the double plane-iron. The rear side walls have each cast on their inside surfaces the lugs b3, serving to guide and support the attachable clutch C, and they have cast between them the rear wall, b2, hollowed out to form a bearing for the groove e of the milled-headed nut E. The cap-iron G and bit-iron F are of any usual form and are slotted and held together in the usual manner by the binding-screw g.

The attachable clutch C is provided with means to receive and firmly hold the head of the screw g. These consist of the semicircular flange c, which provides a broad bearing surface for the periphery of the screw-head, and the set-screw c2, with a slotted head moving in the fixed nut c’. On the under side of the clutch C, and preferably made integral with it, is the adjusting-screw D, operated by the milled-headed nut E, which turns in the bearing b2, formed in the rear wall of the top plate.

The method of using my device is obvious. The plane-bit F and the cap-iron G are iirst fastened together by the binding-screw g. The clutch C is then attached to the head of the screw g, the semicrcular flange c half surrounding the head and it being firmly secured in place by means of the set-screw c2, which has a slotted head at its outer end. The nut E is then placed upon the adjusting-screw D and the whole device is dropped into place in the slotted opening a a’ so that the bottom of the clutch C rests upon the lugs b3. The plane-bit F rests upon the flanges b, and the top surface of the side walls, B’, and the groove e fits into the bearing b2. The nut E is then turned until the double plane-iron is set at the desired position, when the wedge-iron H is put into place and tightened by means of the screw h, and the plane is ready for use.

I may vary the specific means employed to hold securely the head of the binding-screw in the attachable clutch without departing from the principle of my invention; but the means I employ seem to me to be the best and cheapest.

What I claim as new is —

1. In a plane, the combination, with the double plane-iron, of a binding screw the head of which is beneath the said double plane~iron, and an attachable clutch, as C, provided with suitable means for firmly holding the head of said binding-screw and adjusted by means of a set-screw, as D, operated by a nut, E, turning in fixed bearings on the plane stock.

2. I na plane, the attachable clutch C adapted to engage with and firnily hold the head of the binding-screw of the double plane-iron, the said clutch being provided with a top-flanged bearing-surface, as c, a set-screw, as c2, and an adjusting-screw, as D, actuated by a milled-headed nut, E, turning in fixed bearings.

3. In a plane, the top plate, B B’, provided with lugs b’ inside of its front side walls, adapted to serve with the wedge-iron of the plane, with other lugs, b2, inside of its rear side walls, adapted to serve as a guide and support to an attachable clutch, C, engaging the binding-screw of the double plane-iron, and the top surfaces of which walls serve as a guide and support to the said plane-iron, and the top rear wall of which constitutes a fixed bearing, b2, for the nut E, operating the adjusting-screw D of the said attachable clutch.

4. In a plane, the combination, with the double plane-iron and its binding screw, of an attachable clutch, as C, engaging the head of said binding-screw, and the top plate, B B’, having lugs, as b’ and b3, and the rear wall of which constitutes a fixed bearing for the operating-nut E of the adjusting-screw D of said attachable clutch, with said nut E, and adjusting-screw D, as set forth.

5. In combination with the binding-screw of a double plane-iron, whereof the plane-bit is slotted longitudinally and the cap-iron is provided with a threaded opening for the reception of said binding-screw, an attachable clutch, as C, placed beneath the double plane-iron, provided with suitable means for firmly holding the head of said binding-screw and other means for adjustment of the said clutch operated by the nut E, turning in fixed bearings.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MARTEN DOSCHER.

Witnesses:
JOHN H. COCHRAN,
L. M. DOSCHER.

No. 386,509 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”440″]386509

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 386,509, dated July 24, 1888.
Application filed April 17, 1888. Serial No. 270,273. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, which improvement is fully set forth and described in the following specification.

Reference is also made to the sheet of drawings annexed hereto, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane having my improvement embodied therein. Fig. 2 is a sectional detail view of the same on line x x of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a like view with the cutting-bit attached. Fig. 4 is a sectional detailed view on a central longitudinal line. Fig. 5 is a detached perspective view of the lever by means of which the cutting-bit is rocked or adjusted laterally, as hereinafter explained.

The class of planes to which my invention relates is that in which the cutting-bit may be adjusted laterally relative to its seat for the purpose of bringing the cutting-edge of said bit parallel with the throat, or, in other words, square with the plane-stock. A familiar type of said class is shown and fully described in my Patents No. 306,877 issued October 21, 1884, and No. 376,455, January 17, 1888, to which patents reference is hereby made.

The object of my present invention is to improve the construction of the lever employed to adjust the bit laterally, so that said device may work easier and with less friction than heretofore. To produce this desired result I have secured to the bit-engaging end of the adj usting-lever an anti-frictional disk that partially rotates on its axial pivot, as I will proceed to describe.

The letter B denotes the cutting-bit; A, the seat provided for said bit in the so-called “frog” of the plane, and C the cap-iron.

a indicates my new form of lever provided to adjust the bit in a lateral direction. Said lever is perforated, as at a’, to slip over a pin, a2, near the rear end of the bit-seat A, said pin forming the fulcrum on which the lever swings. The bit-seat is recessed, as atb, to receive said lever, said recess being of such depth that the lever may move freely between the bit and frog when the several parts are assembled for use. The lower or short arm of lever a has pivoted to its bit-engaging side a disk, c, that may rotate freely on its pivot. This disk, when the parts are assembled, projects upward into the bit slot d. (See Figs. 3 and 4.)

When it is desired to adjust the bit to square it with the plane-stock, the free end of lever a is swung to one side — as, for example, in Fig. 3 — which action moves the short arm of said lever in the opposite direction, and the disk c carries with or before it the bit B. During this adjusting operation disk c partially revolves on its axial pivot, and so reduces in a considerable degree the friction of the engaging parts.

My device, as described, may be applied to planes of this class without any material changes, and does not add to the cost of such tools.

I claim as my invention —

In combination with the stock and bit of a plane, a lever for laterally adjusting said bit, and the rotary disk pivoted on the shorter arm of said lever and engaging the longitudinal slot of said bit, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
HENRY S. WALTER,
H. C. HINE.

No. 384,844 – Plane (Andre S. Haynes) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”438″]384844

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ANDRE S. HAYNES, OF ROME, NEW YORK.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 384,844, dated June 19, 1888.
Application filed March 13, 1888. Serial No. 267,076. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANDRE S. HAYNES, of Rome, in the county of Oneida and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, which forms part of this specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in planes; and it consists in, first, the combination of the frame or body of the plane, a pivoted spring-actuated cutter-holder, a connecting-rod, and a lever which is used in connection with the handle for making the cutter-holder movable; second, the combination of the body or frame of the plane, a pivoted spring-actuated cutter-holder, a connecting-rod, a pivoted lever used in connection with the stationary handle, and a set-screw for regulating the distance the handle shall move the cutter, as will be more fully described hereinafter.

The object of my invention is to produce a plane in which the force used in propelling the plane forward is made to bring the cutter into position for operation, but which cutter, as soon as the grasp of the hand is relaxed as the plane is drawn backward, will move upward in the slot in the body or frame, so that its edge will not drag along upon the lumber, and to make the lever used in connection with the handle adjustable, so that the cutter can be held rigidly in position or the distance that it shall move upward out of contact with the lumber be regulated.

The accompanying drawing represents a vertical section of a plane which embodies my invention.

A represents an ordinary metallic plane body or frame,which is provided with the handle X at its front end and with the handle D near its rear one, and which handles are secured to the frame in any suitable manner. Pivoted upon the lower end of the handle D, at F, is the lever E,which forms a portion of the handle and lever by means of which the cutter is moved into position for work. In the upper end of the lever E is made a recess, O, in which the head of the set-screw N is made to catch. This screw N passes through the lever E into the handle D and serves to regulate the distance the lever E shall move. When the screw N is screwed up tightly, so as to force the lever E in contact with the handle D, the cutter is held in position so that it has no movement whatever, and then operates like an ordinary plane. When the screw N is unscrewed a short distance, the lever E is forced backward by means of the springs M and the connecting-rod G, and thus regulates the distance that the cutter shall be moved upward in the slot in the bottom of the frame or body.

Pivoted to the lower end of the lever E at the point H is the rod G, which is pivoted at its front end by the pin I to the lower portion of the cutter-holder B. This cutter-holder is pivoted upon the frame or body A at C, and has connected to it a spring, M, upon each side of the body or frame, and which springs serve to hold the lower end of the cutter-holder B and the cutter J in a raised position in relation to the slot P. The devices for securing the cutter to the cutter-holder B are old, and hence need not be more fully described in this connection. This lever E is first moved so as to depress the lower end of the cutter-holder, and then the cutter is adjusted into an operative position. When the lever E is released, the spring M instantly raises the lower end of the cutter and the cutter-holder upward, so that the lower edge of the cutter will be raised above the piece of timber that is being dressed. In order to regulate the distance the cutter-holder and cutter shall move downward, suitable stops, Q, are formed upon the body A, and corresponding stops, R, formed upon the back of the cutter-holder. These stops prevent the lower edge of the cutter from ever being forced down below a certain point.

When the handle D and lever E are taken hold of and the plane is forced forward, the connecting-rod G causes the cutter-holder B to turn upon its pivots C, and thus move the lower edge of the cutter downward through the slot P into an operative position. When the pressure or grasp of the hand is released in drawing the plane backward, the springs M instantly raise the lower end of the cutter-holder so that the lower edge of the cutter is raised in the slot P, so as not to come in contact with the lumber while the plane is being drawn backward, and thus prevent the edge of the cutter from becoming dulled, and to make the operation of drawing the plane back easier. As above stated, when it is not desired that the cutter-holder and cutter shall have any movement, it is only necessary to tighten the screw N, and the lower end of the lever E will move the rod G endwise until the stops upon the rear side of the cutter-holder strike against the stops on the body A, when the plane will act like an ordinary one.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. The combination with the body or frame, of a movable cutter-holder, the cutter secured thereto, a connecting-rod, the handle, and a lever loosely connected to both the rod and the handle and adapted to be grasped with the handle, substantially as shown.

2. The combination of the body or frame of the plane, with the pivoted spring-actuated cutter-holder, the cutter secured thereto, a connecting-rod, and a pivoted lever which is operated by the forward pressure of the hand in moving the plane forward, substantially as described.

3. The combination of the stationary handle D, the lever E, pivoted thereon, the adjusting setscrew N, the connecting-rod, the pivoted spring-actuated holder, and the cutter, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of the body or frame of the plane, provided with stops, a spring-actuated cutter-holder provided with stops near its lower end, the cutter secured to the holder, the connecting-rod fastened to the lower end of the cutter-holder, the stationary handle, the lever pivoted upon the handle and connected at its lower end to the connecting rod, and an adjusting device for regulating the amount of movement which shall be given to the cutter, substantially as specified.

5. The combination, in a plane, of a cutter-holder having a cutter secured thereto, a spring-actuated lever connected to the handle, and a rod which connects the lever and the cutter-holder together, whereby the cutter is depressed by the lever as the plane is forced forward and is returned to position by the spring as the plane is drawn backward, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ANDRE S. HAYNES.

Witnesses:
P. R. HUGGINS,
K. S. PUTNAM.

No. 378,704 – Bench-Plane (Charles L. Mead And Justus A. Traut) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”429″]378704

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES L. MEAD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND JUSTUS A. TRAUT,
OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,704, dated February 28, 1888.
Application filed August 24, 1885. Serial No. 175,142. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES L. MEAD, of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, and JUSTUS A. TRAUT, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, both citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in adjusting the plane-irons laterally.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, of a bench-plane which embodies our invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same with the holding-cap removed. Fig. 3 is a face view of a portion of the frog and the laterally-adjusting lever. Fig. 4 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, showing a modification of our invention; and Fig. 5 is a face view of a portion of the frog and laterally-adjusting lever of the plane represented in Fig. 4.

We have illustrated our improvement as applied to a Bailey plane, in which the cutter is adjusted up and down by means of the lever A and the nut B; but it may be used in connection with planes having different mechanism for adjusting the cutter up and down. At the upper end of the frog C we pivot the laterally-adjusting lever D, the handle of which lies under the upper end of the cutter E. On the short end of this lever there is an upwardly-projecting pin or stud, a, the length of which pin is longer than the thickness of the cutter E and nearly equal to the combined thickness of the cutter E and the cap-iron F. In use this cap-iron and cutter are secured together by a screw in the ordinary manner. The cap-iron F is provided with a T shaped slot, (shown most clearly in Fig. 2,) the transverse portion of which slot receives the upper end of the adjusting-lever A, while that portion of the slot which extends longitudinally with the cap-iron receives the upper end of the pin a. Inasmuch as the cap-iron has but a very slight up and down movement, the slot for this pin can be made quite short. By turning the lever B to the right or left, as may be required, the upper end of the cap-iron and cutter may be carried to either side, so as to bring their edges square with the stock.

In Figs. 4 and 5 we have shown a modification of our invention, in which we have a similar lever, D’, pivoted in like manner to the frog C; but instead of having a pin in its short end said end is slotted, as shown in Fig. 5, and the cap-iron F has rigidly secured to it a pin, a’, which extends downward through the ordinary slot in the cutter and into the slot of the laterally-adjusting lever. In both constructions the laterally-adjusting lever is made to engage directly with the cap-iron, and is connected thereto by a pin-and-slot connection.

We are aware of the patents to Traut, No. 306,877, October 21, 1885; Gage, No. 323,804, August 4, 1885, and Nicht, No. 173,177 , February 8, 1876, and hereby disclaim all that is shown and described in said patents. By our improvements the construction of the laterally-adjusting lever and its connection is so simple as to be produced at the smallest possible cost. It is also as convenient to use as that of any prior plane. In these prior devices when the lever or the fulcrum block on the lever takes into the slot of the cutting-bit the end of the lever or block must be properly fitted to the slot of the cutter, and when a cutter with a slot of different width is employed the adjusting-lever will not fit it. By our improvement different cutters may be used without reference to the width of the ordinary slot in the cutting-bit.

While the Gage patent shows the laterally-adjusting lever connected with the cap-iron, it necessitates the employment of an additional element — viz., the fulcrum block — not required in our combination.

In the Traut and Nicht patents the laterally-adjusting lever bears against the side edges of the slot in the cutter at some considerable distance each side of a longitudinal line passing through the fulcrum-pin. In our device the bearing of said laterally-adjusting lever on the pin which connects its slotted end with the cap-iron is nearly on said longitudinal line, and consequently said lever works with greater ease and less friction and with less wear.

We claim as our invention —

In at bench-plane, the laterally-adjusting lever pivoted to the frog just underneath the cutter and connected directly with the cap-iron by a pin-and-slot connection, the pin of which extends through the slot in the cutter, but does not engage the cutter, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

CHAS L. MEAD.
JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
CHAS B. STANLEY.

No. 378,494 – Bench-Plane (Henry M. Clark) (1888)

No. 378,494 – Bench-Plane (Henry M. Clark) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”428″]378494

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY M. CLARK, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,494, dated February 28, 1888.
Application filed July 23, 1887. Serial No. 245,046. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY M. CLARK, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the bit-adjusting mechanism of bench-planes; and the object of the improvement is to simplify the construction and to allow the several parts to be cheaply made and quickly assembled with but little fitting.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of the stock or body of a plane of my new construction with cutting-bit and holding-cap removed. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of said plane on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan of the cutting-bit, and Fig. 4 an under side view of the lever by means of which said bit is moved laterally to square its cutting-edge with the stock.

The arrangement of the devices by means of which I effect both a lateral and longitudinal adjustment of the bit is believed to be new and forms an essential feature of my invention. Heretofore, so far as I know, the mechanism for adjusting the bit longitudinally has been connected directly with the cutting-bit or its cap-iron. In my improvement the lever for lateral adjustment forms the means of connecting the bit with the longitudinal adjustment, and thereby constitutes an essential part of said longitudinal adjustment.

In the drawings, a indicates the stock of the plane; b, the cutting-bit; c, the holding-cap, and d the screw provided for locking the cap and bit in their respective positions, the parts thus far named being old and well known. The solid portion,or so-called “frog,” of the stock a is inclined on its upper face at a proper angle to produce a shaving cut of the bit b, which bit rests on said frog at its lower end, and is slotted, as at e, to allow said bit to move both laterally and lengthwise without engaging the cap-screw d. That portion of the frog which is designed to receive the lever g is cut down, as at f, so that when the parts are assembled said lever lies underneath the bit with its upper surface in line with the forward part of the frog. The inner end of said lever is provided with a slot, h, which straddles a pin, i, projecting from the frog, said slot and pin forming a floating fulcrum for said lever. Between said fulcrum and the free end of lever g is a pivot-pin, k, projecting upward from said lever, and adapted to enter any one of a series of holes, m, in bit b.

Assuming, now, that we have a plane of the construction thus far described, the lateral movement of lever g in either direction will move the cutting-bit b (in the same direction) a distance proportionate to the leverage provided. In order to add to said construction mechanism for moving the bit longitudinally to govern the depth of the cut, I have provided transverse recesses or grooves n in the under side of lever g, and have connected therewith a toothed plate, o, pivoted in the stock a, and actuated by a thumb-nut, p, on a fixed screw, q. This device in itself is well known and needs no detailed description, and other known mechanism for longitudinal adjustment may be substituted therefor. It will now be understood that when it is desired to increase the depth of out the turning of thumb-nut p to the left hand will elevate the forked end of the plate o, and thus move forward lever g and the cutting-bit, to which said lever is attached by pin k.

Lever g is allowed to move lengthwise a considerable distance by the fulcrum-slot h, and as the bit becomes worn and shortened pin k may be entered in the next hole, m, of the series. To adjust bit b laterally to square its cutting-edge with stock a, the free end of lever g is swung to one side, as above noted, the action being the same as in planes of this class now in common use. When said lever is thus moved laterally, the recesses or grooves n, being of considerable length, remain in engagement with the teeth of plate o, so that the bit may be adjusted longitudinally without adjusting it laterally, or vice versa.

I am aware that a prior patent for a bench-plane shows and describes an adjusting-screw connected to and operating a longitudinally-sliding block that is clamped to the under side of the cutting-bit by a screw which passes through a fellow plate on the upper side of the cutting-bit and through the slot in said bit, which block, fellow plate, and screw form the sole means of connecting the adjusting-screw with the cutting-bit. The said sliding block and fellow plate have connected thereto a laterally-adjusting lever, the same being carried longitudinally with said block and fellow plate. Such a plane, having a laterally-adjusting lever which merely rides upon the mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bit longitudinally without forming an essential part of said longitudinal adjusting mechanism, is hereby disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination of the laterally-adjusting lever, the mechanism for operating directly upon said lever for adjusting it longitudinally, and the cutting-bit connected to said laterally-adjusting lever, whereby said lever forms an essential part of the mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bit longitudinally, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination of the cutting-bit having a series of holes, m, the laterally-adjusting lever let into the face of the frog and fulcrumed thereon by a pin-and-slot connection, said lever also having a pin for insertion in one of the holes m, and mechanism applied directly to said lever for adjusting it, and through it the bit in a longitudinal direction, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

HENRY M. CLARK.

Witnesses:
JOHN EDWARDS, Jr.,
JAMES SHEPARD.

No. 377,645 – Bench-Plane (John H. Shaw) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”427″]377645

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN H. SHAW, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
SARGENT & COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 377,645, dated February 7, 1888.
Application filed July 5, 1887. Serial No. 243,353. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN H. SHAW, of New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a side view of the plane complete; Fig. 2, a face view of the plane-iron bed, showing the transverse adjusting-screw; Fig. 3, a back side view of the plane-iron; Fig. 4, a vertical section through the transverse adjusting-screw and in the slot of the plane-iron; Fig. 5, a modification in the support of the transverse adjusting-screw.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of planes in which the stock is made from metal, and is provided with means for adjusting the plane-iron to give a greater or less cut. Usually the only adjustment made by the mechanism of the plane itself is to produce a greater or less extent of cut by the plane-iron; but in setting the plane-iron a lateral adjustment is necessary. This is generally produced by means of a hammer striking the edge of the plane-iron to turn it to the right or left, as the case may be, to bring it into proper relation to the face of the plane. A device has been applied to the plane by which the lateral adjustment may be produced mechanically, this device consisting of a lever hung upon the stock and engaged with the iron, so that by turning the lever to one side or the other the plane-iron will be thrown accordingly; but this adjustment is liable to displacement by accidental blows upon the lever, and is not capable of that nice adjustment which is necessary in setting the iron, and is inconvenient in many respects. In another case an endless screw has been transversely arranged across the stock of the plane, and in engagement with the same lever by which the cut of the plane is adjusted; but in this construction the adjustment by one screw is liable to be deranged by the adjustment of the other screw, because of both screws acting in different directions upon the same lever.

The object of my invention is to apply a screw for the transverse adjustment of the iron, but independent of the cut-adjusting device, whereby the nicest adjustment may be produced without liability of accidental displacement.

A represents the stock, which may be any of the usual or known constructions, and in which the plane-iron B is arranged in the usual manner and secured by any suitable device.

C represents the adjusting-screw by which the plane-iron is adjusted to produce a greater or less cut — a common and well-known device, and does not require particular description. The stock is provided with a solid bed, D, upon which the plane-iron rests, also in the usual manner. In the stock, above the point where the adjusting device engages the plane-iron, (E representing the opening in the bed through which the adjusting device engages the iron,) I arrange a transverse screw, F, there being a transverse recess, G, formed across the bed for this purpose. In the recess in the bed one or more bearings, a, are formed for the screw, the seats in these bearings being of less diameter than the body of the screw. The screw itself is constructed with annular grooves b, corresponding to the bearings a, and so that laid into the bearings, as indicated in Fig. 2, the screw may rotate in the bearings, but held by the bearings against movement in an axial direction.

The outer end of the screw is provided with a suitable head, H, by which it may be turned. On the screw is a nut, I, adapted to slide through the recess in which the screw is applied, the nut being internally screw-threaded corresponding to the thread of the screw, and because the nut can not revolve in the recess, owing to its shape, as seen in Fig. 4, it follows that the rotation of the screw will impart to the nut a transverse movement, according to the direction in which the screw is turned. The nut projects above the face or bearing-surface of the bed and enters the slot J in the plane-iron B, the length of the nut corresponding to the width of the slot, the slot being of a standard width in all irons adapted to a certain size plane.

When the plane-iron is secured in the stock in the usual manner, if it be desired to impart transverse movement to the iron in either direction, the screw H is turned accordingly, and through the nut I imparts such required transverse movement to the plane-iron, and when once set there is no liability of accidental dis-adjustment, and the most perfect adjustment may be made by the screw, much more so than can be produced by a lever which is turned by hand or by blows imparted to it.

The bearings a in the recess in the bed are equidistant from the center, so that the screw may be introduced with its head either to the right or left, as indicated in Fig. 2, solid lines indicating the left-hand position and broken lines the right-hand position. The bearings are simply of U shape, open outward, as seen in Fig.2, so that the screw may be dropped therein. The adjusting device is therefore readily removable from the plane should occasion require.

It will be understood that the transverse adjustment may be applied to a plane with any of the many different vertical adjustments, or without vertical adjustment should it be desired.

While I prefer to construct the recess with the bearings a, into which the screw may be dropped or readily removed, as I have described, it may be supported permanently in the recess, as seen in Fig. 5, it only being essential that when the screw is in its place it shall be prevented from movement in an axial direction, yet left free for rotation, and carry the nut.

From the foregoing it will be understood that I do not claim, broadly, the combination, in a plane, of a transverse or lateral adjusting-screw for the plane-iron.

I claim —

In a plane substantially such as described, the bed upon which the plane-iron rests, constructed with a transverse recess, G, and with one or more bearings, a, therein, combined with a screw, F, constructed with annular groove or grooves corresponding to said bearing or bearings and adapted to set therein, the said screw provided with a head upon its outer end, by which it may be rotated, a nut, I, in said recess and upon said screw, but independent of the cut-adjusting mechanism, the said nut adapted to engage the plane-iron, substantially as and for the purpose described.

JOHN H. SHAW.

Witnesses:
OTTO SCHLIEPER,
CHAS. L. BALDWIN.

No. 376,455 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”426″]376455

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 376,455, dated January 17, 1888.
Application filed July 23, 1887. Serial No. 245,062. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, which improvements are so described in detail in the following specification as to enable others skilled in the art to which they pertain to make and use the same, reference being also had to the annexed sheet of drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan view of a plane-stock with bit-adjusting devices attached thereto, the position of the bit being indicated in dotted lines. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a plane, with a portion of the stock (on line x x, Fig. 1) in section to expose the operative parts of the tool.

These improvements are applicable to bench-planes in which provision is made for both lateral and longitudinal adjustment ofthe cutting-bit, a familiar type of said planes being shown in my former patent, No. 306,877, of October 11, 1884. In said former patent I have experienced some inconvenience in pivoting the lever which provides lateral adjustment of the bit, and also in combining in a practical manner said lever with certain forms of mechanism for providing longitudinal adjustment.

My present improvements are intended to overcome these defects and to utilize in the best possible manner the limited space devoted to these mechanisms.

Referring to the drawings, the letter a indicates a plane-stock, b the notched plate by which longitudinal adjustment of the bit c is attained, d the thumb-nut which actuates said plate, and e the screw which holds the cap-section k in place, said section being brought into bearing on said bit by means of the cam f which is pivoted thereto, all of these parts being old in this class of planes.

Immediately below the bit c is located a lever, g, whose inner end is perforated and preferably tapped to fit the threaded portion of screw e. This screw is thus made to serve as the fulcrum of said lever, and simplifies in a considerable degree the construction of the plane. When tapped out, as above stated, the fit should be loose enough so there will be no tendency to turn and loosen screw e as the lever is swung from side to side. By threading the hole in the lever and pivoting it on the threaded portion of the screw, the lever is always held in proper position on the frog, so that it will not become displaced when the cap-section is removed. Said lever is formed with an integral upwardly-projecting rib, h, which enters a slot in bit c (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1) and acts to move said bit substantially the same as the lever in my said former patent, with this exception, that in the present instance the manner of pivoting forms a lever of the second order instead of the first, as before. Lever g, as it leaves the fulcrum-screw, is bent laterally and extends rearward at one side of the notched plate b, and is then preferably brought back into the same vertical plane as the pivoted end first described. (See Fig. 1.) This laterally-bent form of adjusting-lever allows me to enlarge, strengthen, and alter the mechanism provided for longitudinal adjustment of the bit, and to adopt other means of longitudinal adjustment which would lie in the path of straight levers as now commonly used.

Having described my improvements, I claim as new and wish to secure by Letters Patent —

1. In combination with the stock and cutting-bit of a bench-plane, a lever for laterally adjusting said bit, fulcrumed on the screw which secures the cap section, in substantially the manner and for the purpose herein specified.

2. In combination with the stock and bit of a plane, a lever for laterally adjusting said bit, said lever being tapped to fit and fulcrumed on the cap-screw, substantially as and for the objects specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
F. N. STANLEY.

No. 357,454 – Bench-Plane (John Brice) (1887)

[paiddownloads id=”420″]357454

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN BRICE, OF SANDY HILL, NEW YORK.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 357,454, dated February 8, 1887.
Application filed March 16, 1886. Serial No. 195,420. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN BRICE, a resident of Sandy Hill, in the county of Washington and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, that will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench~planes, and its object is fully explained in connection with the drawings.

The invention consists of the novel construction and combination of parts hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a top plan view of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section taken at the broken line x x in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of my improved locking-lever. Fig. 4 is a side view of same. Fig. 5 is a plan view of attachment d detached.

Similar letters refer to similar parts in the several figures therein.

Numerous devices have been heretofore constructed for angularly adjusting the bit of a bench-plane and for securing the same in place in its frame or stock. They have generally been complicated in structure and expensive of manufacture, requiring special and differing forms of structure in the stock, the latter being generally made of metal.

In the construction of my improved device I am able to make use of the old and well-known wooden stock so generally in use, as well as the bit, or bit and back plate, used in connection therewith, and thus greatly improve such planes with very little expense.

My improved planes can also, when desired, be made wholly of metal or any other desirable material.

A is the stock, made in the well-known form usually adopted for wooden stocks, having the chip-opening E, inclined bit-abutment F, and upwardly-widening rearwardly-inclined side recesses, a’ a’, forming inclined ledges a a on each side of the chip-opening.

The bit B, which has a back plate, C, secured thereto by a set-screw, g, adjustable in its slot b’, is inserted through the opening in the usual manner, as shown.

Instead of driving a wedge down between the bit or plate C and the projecting ledges a a, to bind the bit in place, as has been done heretofore in such stocks, I make use of the locking-lever D, preferably metallic, and in the form of a plate convened on its upper side, substantially as shown.

I slide the lever down between the back plate, C, and the ledges a to about the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The side of the lever contiguous to the plate C may have its surface plane or concave, as shown by dotted line in Fig. 4; but the opposite side contiguous to the ledges is convexed. The degree of convexity may be varied as desired.

At or near one end of the lever I provide the aperture f, preferably threaded, and adapted to receive the threaded adjusting screw b, the screw passing down through the aperture and resting upon the bit or its plate C.

When desired, a threaded nut, n, (shown by dotted lines,) may by employed, when it will not be necessary to thread the aperture in the lever.

By means of the adjusting-screw the upper end of the lever can be forced away from the plate C, the lower end of the screw resting upon the plate, and the lever traveling up the thread of the screw until the parts are securely locked in place, the central portion of the convexed lever ending a fulcrum upon the ledges a a, and the lower end of the lever bearing upon the lower end of the bit or its plate. I am able also to secure an angular adjustment of the bit by means of the attachment or plate d, extending above the top of the stock, provided with the adjusting-screw e, threaded to fit the threaded aperture i, having a head, e’, on which the bit has bearing. This attachment is preferably countersunk in a longitudinal recess, a”, in the upper or rear portion of the abutment F, to occupy a position about parallel with the bit, and may be secured by screws d’, passing through apertures j, as shown.

The upper end or head of the screw bears against the lower side of the bit, and when operated forces the bit up to the desired angle, the screw b being turned back, as required.

The convexity of lever D permits the angular adjustment of the bit to any desired degree without impairing the perfect operation and effectiveness of the lever as a locking device.

I am thus able to produce a new and improved plane by adding the loclring-lever D, with screw b, and the attachment d, with screw e, to a common and well-known device.

I do not broadly claim an angularly-adjustable bit nor a bit-locking lever.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination of the stock A, formed with a chip-opening, E, inclined rear abutment, F, having correspondingly-inclined longitudinal recess a”, upwardly-widening inclined side recesses, a’ a’, forming inclined front abutments, a a, projecting into the chip-opening, the fixed plane plate d, secured in the longitudinal recess and projecting above the stock, an adjusting-screw, e, inserted in the projecting portion, having a head, e’, a bit, B, supported on the inclined rear abutment and on the head of the adjusting-screw, the back plate, C, adjustably secured to the bit, and the lever D, located at the rear of the chip-opening, having a convex upper side bearing against the front abutments, its lower end bearing on the lower end of the back plate, and an adjusting-screw in the upper end of the lever bearing on the middle portion of the back plate, the bit, back plate, and lever all being of the sanie width and the side recesses being common to all, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination of the stock A, formed with a chip-opening, E, longitudinal recess a”, and upwardly-widening inclined side recesses, a’ a’, forming inclined front abutments, a a, projecting into the chip-opening, the fixed plane plate d, having an adjusting-screw, e, a bit, B, a back plate, C, and the lever D, located at the rear of the chip-opening, having a convex upper side bearing against the front abutments, its lower end bearing on the lower end of the back plate, and an adjusting-screw in the upper end of the lever bearing on the middle portion of the back plate, the bit, back plate, and lever all being of the same width and occupying the side recesses common to all, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 12th day of March, 1886.

JOHN BRICE.

Witnesses:
J. RADCLYFFE BRICE,
ELISHA D. BAKER.

No. 350,613 – Bench-Plane (Frank M. Bailey) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”415″]350613

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK M. BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 350,613, dated October 12, 1886.
Application filed March 23, 1885. Serial No. 196,285. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK M. BAILEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, and has particular reference to mechanism for adjusting the cutter.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple, convenient, and inexpensive mechanism for this purpose.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a bench-plane showing my adjusting mechanism, and Fig. 2 is in part a longitudinal section through the adjusting mechanism and in part an elevation.

The plane in its general feature is of ordinary construction, of which a designates the cutting-bit-, b the cap-iron, and A the holding cap or clamp for holding the cutter in place. I pivot an angle-lever, c, in the body of the holding cap A, with one arm of said lever projecting through the holding-cap into a hole made to receive it in the cap-iron b in case of a plane having a double iron, or in the cutter itself or some part rigidly affixed thereto in case of a plane having a single iron. The outer end of the lever, as shown, has two arms, d d, which constitute the operating-handles for moving the lever to adjust the cutter up or down. These two handles are a convenience, as by pressing upon one of them the cutter is forced downward, while pressing upon the other forces the cutter upward. Only one arm, however, is necessary, as that will operate to adjust the cutter both ways by pulling outward or depressing said arm.

The main feature of my invention resides in the adjusting-lever pivoted to the holding-cap, and having a handle which forms a part of said lever upon the upper front side of said holding-cap.

I am aware that it is old to employ a lever having one arm connected with the cutter, while the other arm serves as an operating-handle of a plane-bit-adjusting mechanism, said lever being pivoted to the stock underneath and back of the cutting-bit, and the same is hereby disclaimed. Such an adjusting-lever can only be reached by the ends of one’s fingers, and is very inconvenient to operate, besides being in the way when grasping the handle of the plane. By my invention all the space under the frog and in front of the handle is left open and unobstructed, so that there is plenty of room for the fingers of the operator while grasping the handle, and no liability of hitting and hurting the fingers, as there is in planes having this space cramped by an adjusting mechanism. The construction is also very much simplified, so that the plane can be produced at a small cost. It also enables me to use a T form of lever when desired, so that the cutter can be adjusted both up and down by covering the two arms d d with the palm of one’s hand and bearing down upon either arm. Such a mode of adjusting cannot be employed when the adjusting-lever is placed back of and underneath the cutting-bit. Even with only one arm for an operating-handle, the lever is much more accessible and more conveniently operated than in any prior plane known to me.

I am also aware that an adjusting mechanism for a plane iron is shown in a prior patent as provided with an operating-screw for the adjusting mechanism, the handle of which screw is upon the upper front side of the holding cap or clamp, and I hereby disclaim the same.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a bench plane, the combination of the cutting-bit a, the holding cap or clamp A, and the adjusting-lever pivoted thereto and having its operating-handle on the upper front side of said holding cap or clamp, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a bench-plane, the adjusting angle-lever c, having one arm for connecting with the cutting-bit projected through the holding cap or clamp A and pivoted thereto, and the two arms d d, extending in opposite directions from the main arm upon the upper front side of the cap, to serve as operating-handles, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

FRANK M. BAILEY.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 339,872 – Bench-Plane (John Porcius Gage) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”409″]339872

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN PORCIUS GAGE, OF VINELAND, NEW JERSEY.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 339,872, dated April 13, 1886.
Application filed January 16, 1886. Serial No. 188,770. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN PORCIUS GAGE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Vineland, in the county of Cumberland and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of this invention, and is a vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of one of the clamping-plates. Fig. 3 is another view of the same plate. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the tool, and shows the clamp upon the upper side or front. Fig. 5 is a rear view of the tool, and shows the clamp upon the rear or under side.

This invention has relation to improvements in bench-planes; and it consists in the construction and novel arrangement of parts, hereinafter set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

The object of the invention is to provide a bench-plane in which the bit or cutting-tool may be properly adjusted both laterally and longitudinally, and when adjusted laterally the longitudinal movement will be in a straight line, and with its edge parallel to the lower surface of the plane-stock.

In the accompanying drawings, A designates the plane-stock, of rectangular shape, and provided with the handles a a’, firmly secured by screws or otherwise to its upper surface, and respectively near its front and rear ends.

a2 is the slot for the tool-holder in the plane-stock.

B is the holder for the bit or cutting-tool, secured in the slot a2. The holder B is provided with the inclined rear plate, b, secured in the slot a2 by means of the slots b’ and screws b2 and the parallel side plates, b3 b3, which lie against the side of the slot a2, and are connected by the transverse rod b4, as shown.

b5 is a larger longitudinal slot in the plate D, serving a purpose hereinafter explained, and b6 is an adjusting-screw, which engages a threaded opening in a stud, b7, on the rear surface of the top of said plate. The screw b6 has a suitable milled head on its upper end, and a circular or disk-like enlargement, b8 its lower end.

The tool-holder B is at its lower end flush with the lower surface of the stock, and has the usual transverse tool-opening in the said lower end.

If desired, the tool holder may be so made as not to extend through the stock.

C is the bit or cutting-tool, provided with the series of transverse slots c c and a proper cutting-edge at its lower end.

C’ is a clamping-plate, through a central opening in which the screw c’ passes. The said screw also passes through any one of the slots c of the tool, upon the front surface of which the clamp rests. The end of the screw c’ engages in one of the threaded openings d d in the guide-clamp D, which lies upon the rear surface of the tool C.

The clamp D consists of a rectangular plate, d’, and a guide-block, d2, on the rear surface of said plate. The block d2 has at its upper end the semicircular recess d3, open at top. Into this recess the disk b8 enters and turns freely therein, the block d2 passing through the slot b5 of the tool-holder. The sides of the block are squared, and made of proper dimensions to fit snugly within the slot.

It is evident from the foregoing that by turning the screw b6 up or down the cutting-tool C may be raised or lowered, and that the slot b5 will form a guide for the block d2 and for the tool clamped thereto by the means described, so that the edge of the tool, being made parallel to the lower surface of the stock, will always remain so, either when raised or lowered. Should the edge be not parallel to the bottom, the tool can be partially rotated between the clamps C’ and D’ by hand-pressure or by a light blow from a hammer, the screw c’ being loose enough to permit this. The slots c allow the position of the clamps C’ and D’ on the cutting-tool to be varied when necessary. Each slot c also allows the tool to be adjusted laterally between the clamps.

E is a clamping-plate of rectangular shape, and fitting into the tool-holder B between the side plates, b3. The plate E lies upon the tool C, and has a recess, e, on its inside surface for the reception of the clamping-plate C’.

e’ is a transverse shoulder on the outer surface of the plate E, which shoulder, when the plate is in position, rests upon the under side of the bar or rod b4.

e2 is a set-screw passing through a threaded opening in the plate E near its upper edge, and impinging upon the surface of the clamping-plate C’. The said screw does not possess sufficient hold on the plate to prevent the adjustment of the cutting tool.

By the construction described the necessity of setting the cutting-edge of the tool parallel with the bottom of the stock every time the said tool is moved or taken out is avoided, as the tool will keep permanently parallel therewith if the adjusting-clamp is not changed nor the cutting-edge worn unevenly.

Should the plate E be removed, the tool may at any time be taken out of the stock and replaced without altering the adjustment, as all the other parts must hold their relative positions to each other without the adjusting-screw b6 has its position changed.

Having described this invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination, with the plane-stock, the tool-holder, slotted as described, and the adjusting-screw b, moving in a threaded opening in said tool-holder, of the tool C, the clamping-plate C’ on the outer side of the tool, and the clamp D on the under side thereof, the said clamp being provided with the block d2, passing through the slot b5 of the tool-holder and having the recess d3, which engages the disk b8 of the screw b, and the screw holding the clamp to the tool, substantially as specified.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination, with the plane stock and tool-holder, constructed as described, of the clamps C’ and D, the tool C, arranged between the said clamps and having the transverse slots c, and the screw c’, for securing the clamps to the tool, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of witnesses.

JOHN PORCIUS GAGE.

Witnesses:
LEVERETT NEWCOMB,
LOUIS H. LEE,
ASAHEL GAGE.

No. 334,943 – Plane (August Doll) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”404″]334943

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

AUGUST DOLL, OF LENA, ILLINOIS.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 334,943, dated January 26, 1886.
Application filed November 11, 1885. Serial No. 182,435. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUGUST DOLL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lena, in the county of Stephenson and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specidcation, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to improvements in planes, and is designed to produce a device for adjusting and removing the bit, that shall be readily attachable to the body of an ordinary plane.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of a portion of a plane-body with the improved device attached thereto; Fig. 2, detail views of the wedge-operating lever; Fig. 3, a detail showing the bed-block for the bit-operating screw; Fig. 4, details of the bit-operating screws, and Fig. 5 a modified form of connection between the wedge and its operating-lever.

The plane-body A has a recess, B, for the bit C and a portion of the mechanism.

The bed~plate D of the bit-adjusting mechanism is a frame consisting of a plate with triangular end wings, and rests on the body to the rear of the bit C, and is secured to said body by screws or otherwise. This bed~piece D has a central threaded passage for the screw E, which is provided with a head with an annular recess or groove, F, Fig. 4. In this groove engages an arm of an L-casting, G, the other arm of which carries a screw-rod, H, passing through the bit C near the top thereof, and clamped to the same by a thumb-nut, I. The casting G being secured to the bit and to the screw E, when the latter is turned, it must necessarily carry the said bit up or down, and thus presents an easy means of adjustment for the same. By boring a hole through the said bit and screwing the bed-piece in place, the attachment is secured to any plane, and in working order.

Extending across the recess B, just in front of the wedge K, is the fulcrum or pivot-rod. L of the lever M, which is provided at its upper end with an extension, N, carrying a thumb-screw, O, bearing normally on the top of the said wedge K. Just below the position of the rod L, the wedge is provided with a series of notches, P, or a single notch, as shown in Fig. 5. In these notches is adapted to engage a spur or tongue, B, forming the shorter arm of the lever M. The space between the rod L and the bit C being constant, as the wedge K is forced between them by the screw O, the said wedge must act to clamp the said bit in place. By loosening to screw O and throwing the lever M forward, the spur R will catch in the notches or notch P and move the wedge K upward, thus releasing the bit from pressure and allowing its adjustment, as stated.

In order to prevent wear, the notches are cut in a plate set in the wedge; or the lower edge of a plate is used, as in Fig. 5.

I claim —

1. In a plane, a wedge provided with one or more notches, a lever fulcrumed in front of said wedge, and provided with a spur or tongue for engaging said notches, and an adjusting screw normally engagiug the top of said wedge, and seated in the upper end of said lever, substantially as specified.

2. In a plane, an adjusting device consisting of a clamp-piece secured to the bit, and a screw having a seat secured to the body of the said plane and engaging said clamp-piece, combined with a bit-clamping device consisting of a wedge with a notch or notches on it, a lever fulcrumed in front of said wedge and having a spur or tongue engaging said notches, and an adjusting-screw seated in to top of said lever, and engaging with the upper end of said wedge substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

AUGUST DOLL.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM W. DAWS,
JARED C. HURD.

No. 334,324 – Plane (John Woods) (1886)

No. 334,324 – Plane (John Woods) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”403″]334324

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN WOODS, OF COLUMBIA, TENNESSEE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 334,324, dated January 12, 1886.
Application filed May 16, 1885. Serial No. 165,739. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN WOODS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Columbia, in the county of Maury and State of Tennessee, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in planes; and it consists in certain improved constructions and means for adjusting the knife or cutter-blade, whereby the proper adjustment may be made with facility and precision, all as will be hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claim.

In the accompanying drawings, in the different figures of which corresponding parts are denoted by similar letters of reference, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a common plane provided with my improvement; Fig. 2, a detail perspective of the cutter; Fig. 3, a detail perspective of the removable adjusting-block, and Fig. 4 a perspective of the plane with the wedge and knife removed.

The letter A designates the stock; B, the usual box. At the end of the box is secured a frame consisting of bars a and cross-bar a’, into which latter screws a long adjusting-screw, b, having a milled head, b’. To the lower end of this screw b is swiveled in any suitable manner the adjusting-block C, which has wings c extending over and sliding upon the side arms, a, of the frame. This adjusting-block also has a projection, d, formed with angular sides d’, which engage correspondingly-shaped notches or serrations in the sides of the longitudinal slot of the cutter D.

E is the usual wedge for firmly securing the cutter in place.

The operation of my adjusting device is as follows: The adjusting-screw, with its swiveled block C, being in place in the frame, the knife is put into the box so that two opposite serrations or notches will fit over the angular sides d’ of the projections d on said block, after which the wedge should be put in to loosely rest upon the blade. The blade is then elevated or lowered, by means of the screw b, until its cutting edge projects just the right distance beyond the sole of the plane, when the wedge may be driven down to further secure or clamp the blade from any movement in the box.

This construction of adjusting mechanism, it will be seen, is at once easily and quickly operated. As the blade becomes worn, the adjusting-block can be put into the next higher notches.

I do not limit myself to the exact configuration or number of notches and corresponding sides of the projections engaging them, or even to this particular means for securing the adjusting-block to the cutter or blade, as they may be obviously modified or changed and still come within the scope of my invention.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The frame mounted in the rear of the box of a plane, a screw passing through a cross-bar therein, and a swiveled block on the end of said screw, having a projection with angular sides to engage the slot in the cutter or knife, combined with a cutter or blade with its longitudinal slot provided with notches or serrations in its sides corresponding in outline to that of the angular sides of the projection, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN VVOODS.

Witnesses:
Z. WATTS,
G. A. LANIER.

No. 323,804 – Bench-Plane (John P. Gage) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”398″]323804

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN P. GAGE , OF VINELAND, NEW JERSEY.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 323,804, dated August 4, 1885.
Application filed April 23, 1885. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. GAGE, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Vineland, in the county of Cumberland and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of a longitudinal section of my invention. Fig. 2 is a view of the cutter and the pivoted finger-lever removed from the plane. Fig. 3 is a view of the adjusting-screw and cutter-bearing removed. Fig. 4 is a detached view of the bearing-plate, and Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the fellow plate and cup-plate with the bearing-screw and casting applied.

This invention has relation to improvements in carpenters’ planes; and it consists in certain novel devices, as hereinafter set forth, and pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter A designates the body of the plane, which is formed with an oblique transverse slot, B, for the cutter and its. adjusting devices. C is the handle.

D is a metal bearing, which is set into the oblique slot B, and is secured therein. The lower face of this bearing is flush with the bearing-face of the plane-body, and may be made a little concave in its middle portions, or between its front and rear bearing-edges. This metal bearing is provided with an extension, E, backward and upward, which is slotted at F, and has a threaded bearing at G for the adjusting-screw H. It is also provided with lateral stops K.

L L are the elongated openings or slots through which the fastening-screws pass. A transverse bearing, m, is provided, usually in rounded or rod form, which is located upward and forward from the main face of the casting, on which the cutter rests.

N is the cutter, slotted at P, and provided with an under bearing, R, which is designed to engage the enlarged end a of the adjusting-screw. This bearing descends into the opening B of the casting D when the cutter is applied in position.

S is a lever having its fulcrum-bearing c in the slot of the cutter, and engaging a stud, d, of the bearing B, or of its fellow plate T, which is firmly secured to said bearing B, usually by a screw, e. The handle of the lever S projects backward and upward within easy reach of the fingers. The object of this lever movement is to enable the operator to adjust the cutter laterally, so that when its cutting-edge is inclined or out of trim a single movement of the lever to the right or left, as the case may require, will correct the deviation and bring the cutting-edge into true relation with the bearing-face of the plane. Other forms of lever-connections may be employed with the cutter, or the adjustment may be made by means of lateral screws, or a screw may be employed, extending downward and forward, to operate an eccentric in connection with the cutter. Many devices to effect this lateral adjustment of the cutter-plate will occur to those skilled in the art.

V is the cap-plate, which is adjustable by means of screws g g passing through siots h h, in the fastening-piece or top casting, V, which carries the bearing-screw Z. This top V is formed with a concave rounded bearing, k, adapted to engage the transverse rod an and hold the fastening-piece or cap-plate firmly in position.

Having described this invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, the combination of the slotted cutter, the under bearing, B, having a stud, d, and operated by means of the adjusting-screw, the fellow plate, screw connecting the fellow plate and bearing R, lever S, and its fulcrum-bearing c, arranged in the slot of the cutter, substantially as specified.

2. The combination of the slotted cutter, a bearing arranged beneath the same, with a stud passing through the slot of the said cutter, a fellow plate connected with the said under bearing, the finger-lever, and its fulcrum-bearing, as c, arranged in the slot, wherby lateral deviations of the cutting-edge may be corrected, substantially as specified.

3. A plane having an lever adapted to correct deviations in the edge of the cutter, which lever has its lower end pivoted in a longitudinal slot of the cutter, and provided with a stud to engage and move laterally a fulcrum-bearing in the said slot, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN P. GAGE.

Witnesses:
THEO. MUNGEN,
PHILIP C. MASI.