Tag: Blade Adjustment

No. 319,039 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”394″]319039

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 319,039, dated June 2, 1885.
Application filed June 16, 1884. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes of the class patented to Leonard Baiiey, August 6, 1867, No. 67.398, and my object is to effect the lateral and endwise adjustments of the cutting-bit by two different movements of a single lever, and I accomplish this object by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view, partly in elevation, on line x x of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, on line y of Fig. 1.

With the exception of certain changes and additions hereinafter described, my improved plane is the same as the Bailey planes now in the rnarket. The adjusting-nut g is the same as heretofore rnade, except in that its shoulders b b are wider. The prongs of the bifurcated lever c are spread far enough apart to allow a lateral rnovernent of said lever bodily without disengaging the shoulders of the adjusting-nut. The lugs d d are placed upon the under side of the frog or plane seat A, somewhat farther apart than in said prior planes, and are provided with smooth-bored holes for the insertion of the adjusting-screw a, which screw also constitutes the axle for the lever c.

This lever c is furnished with a screw-threaded hole within which the adjusting-screw a is fitted. As in prior planes. the upper end, e, of the lever c enters a slot, f in the cap-iron, which slot is made shorter than formerly, and of a size which the end e of the lever c will substantially fill in both directions, so that a movement of said end either laterally or up and down will carry the cap-iron with it. Upon the adjusting-screw a, I have placed the nuts h h, which allow the free rotation of the adjusting-screw upon its axis, but which will not permit of any longitudinal movement.

The bit and cap-iron of the plane are set in their places upon the frog or plane-seat in the ordinary manner. The holding-cap B is then put into its proper place, and clamps the bit and cap-iron firnlly against the frog or plane-seat, said holding-cap pressing them at each end. The point of pressure at the lower end of the cap is the point where the bit or cutter will pivot when its upper end is moved edge-wise. The bit is adjusted up or down the same as heretofore.

To adjust the cutting-bit or cutter edgewise to square its cutting-edge with the stock, I have only to turn the adjusting screw a one way or the other, as may be desired, which movenment of the adjusting-screw acts upon the screw-thread of the bifurcated lever, and causes said lever to move bodily to the right or left, and thus more the cup-iron and bit or cutter with which it is engaged, and thereby give the required adjustment.

I am aware that prior devices have been invented to adjust the bit edgewise to bring its cutting-edge square with the stock, and therefore I do not claim the same, broadly.

I claim as my invention —

In combination, in a suitable supporting-frame, a bit having a central longitudinal slot, a cap iron secured to said bit by a screw passing through said slot and engaging said cap-iron, a holding-iron for clamping the bit in place, and an adjusting lever pivotally secured upon a horizontal screw-shaft which passes through lugs upon the under side of the upper end of said supporting-frame, and is secured against horizontal movement and capable of rotary increment only, the upper end of which lever passes through said frame and engages with a slot or mortise in the cap-iron, the said lever so secured having an up and down movement by an adjusting-nut located under said frame, and a lateral movement by a thumb-piece or similar operating-handle on the end of said screw-shaft, all being substantially as herein described, and for the object specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
HENRY C. HINE.

No. 316,296 – Plane (Louis C. Rodier) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”391″]316296

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LOUIS C. RODIER, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 316,296, dated April 21, 1885.
Application filed November 8, 1884. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS C. RODIER, of Detroit, county of Wayne, State of Michigan, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to bench-planes, and more particularly to metallic bench-planes, and has for its object, first, the combination, with a stock, of an improved knife holder or carriage provided with devices for operating the same and adjusting the knife to secure the desired depth of cut; second, the combination, with a stock, of a novel attachment for holding a toothing iron or scraper; third, to combine in a bench-plane the said knife-holder and said attachment for toothing irons and scrapers, said attachment being removable, so that the knife or bit may be removed and the toothing or scraper attachment be engaged with the stock,or said attachment be removed and the knife inserted, the plane being thus readily convertible for various uses; and, fourth, it consists in the general construction and arrangement of the novel devices, hereinafter described, and more particularly pointed out in the claims.

I carry out my invention as follows:

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a jack-plane, showing the knife-holder in position with the knife or bit in place. Fig. 2 is a similar section showing the toothing or scraper attachment in position. Fig. 3 is a modihcation adapting features of the device more particularly for a smoothing-plane or block-plane. Fig. 4. is a separate view of the toothing iron and scraper attachment. Fig. 5 is a cross-section along the line at x y, Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a view showing the knife-carriage and its operating devices. Fig. 7 is a side elevation.

A represents the stock provided with a throat, a.

B is the knife-rest, which may be constructed of any suitable form or pattern, and adapted to hold the knife on a proper incline. It may be provided with ears b extending upward at the side of the knife, or these ears may be dispensed with, as shown in Fig. 3. This knife-rest is provided with a rearwardly-extending arm, b’, provided with a screw-orifice, b2, (shown in Fig. 1,) or otherwise adapted to receive the head of a screw, and to receive its force, as shown in Fig. 3. I also prefer to construct the knife-rest, when applied to jack-planes, with an extended knife-brace, b8. This knife-rest may be secured within the walls of the stock and suitably adjacent to the throat in any suitable manner, as sh own in Fig. 5. The knife-rest is screw-tapped to receive the screws b3 and b4 These screws are preferably constructed with rounded ends to engage in corresponding sockets, a’ and a2, in the base of the stock, the construction being such that the knife-rest may have a movable or slightly-vibratory movement, so that either side of said knife-rest may be elevated or depressed to more effectually adjust the knife to cut evenly across its entire edge.

C is a spring engaged with the knife-rest at one end, as shown at c, and under the arm b’
and upon a raised bed, A’, upon the base of the stock.

D is a bridging constructed preferably integral with the stock, under which the spring is extended, said bridging also preferably provided with a screw, d, adapted to bear upon the spring to give it greater tension upon the knife-rest. I do not limit myself to any special construction of this bridging.

The bed A’ is screw-tapped, as shown at a3, to receive a screw, B’.

B2 is a thumb-nut adapted to operate upon said screw, and to bear upon the rear of the arm b’ to tilt the knife-rest to any desired angle.

E is a knife-clamp provided with hooked arms e, adapted to engage over the ears b of the knife-rest, said ears being suitably cut away at their rear edge to receive said hooked arms, so that the one will be flush with the other, as shown in Fig. 7. The side walls of the stock are preferably cut away slightly to receive said ears and arms also, as shown also in Fig. 7.

E’ is a thumb-screw tapped into said clamp and adapted to tighten and hold the knife upon the knife-rest beneath. F is the knife. The clamp may have, however, any suitable engagement with the knife-rest.

When the thumb-nut B2 is forced down upon the arms b’ of the knife-rest, the effect will be to tilt the knife-rest and so adjust the knife relatively to the throat, said rest being adapted to have a slight longitudinal vibratory motion upon the ends of the screws b3 and b4, as well as a vibratory motion across the stock, while the pressure of the thumb-screw E clamps the lower part of the knife-clamp upon the knife near its cutting-edge, so that the knife is held firmly between said clamp and the knife-rest. The knife is thus readily held in position. The knife may be put in place by loosening the clamp, which is then raised to disengage its hooked arms from the ears of the knife-rest. When the knife is in place, the clamp is forced down so that its hooked arms shall be engaged over the ears of the knife-rest, and the thumb-screw may be tightened thereon when the cutting-edge of the knife has been properly adjusted.

As shown in Fig. 3, instead of providing the knife-rest with the screws b3 and b4, having rounded ends, forming the bearings of said rest, I may construct said rest with integral bearings or lugs b5, answering the same purpose as the screws in Fig. 5, the only difference being that the knife-rest cannot readily be adjusted across the stock as can be done, as already described, where the screws b3 and b4 are employed. So, also, instead of engaging the spring in the knife-rest, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the tension may be secured in essentially the same way by constructing the arm b with a cross-bar, as shown at b6, in which case the end of the spring may be engaged under the bridging, being passed over said cross-bar, as shown in Fig. 3, the tension being secured by means of the screw B’. By operating said screw the knife-rest may be tilted, as before, to secure the desired adjustment of the knife relative to the throat to make it cut more or less, as may desired.

To insure the proper location of the knife upon the rest and relatively to the throat, I also prefer to construct the knife with an orifice, f adapted to engage over a lug, G, which may be adjustably located beneath it either upon the spring, as shown in Fig. 3, or upon an arm, b7, integral with the knife-rest. This device when the lug is once adjusted properly will permit the ready engagement of the knife relatively to the throat, and when the knife becomes worn the lug can be adjusted to compensate for the wear.

H represents my improved toothing iron or scraper attachment, substantially as shown in Fig. 2, consisting of a suitable front clamp, H’, and rear clamp, H2, the front clamp being preferably provided with engaging-arms h, adapted to engage upon the rear clamp, said clamps provided with thumb-screws h and h2 to bind the toothing iron or scraper H3 between said clamps, as shown in Fig. 2. By means of the said screws the toothing-iron may be readily engaged in said clamps or removed thereupon for the insertion of the scraper, as desired, said clamps forming a holder or harness for the cutting-tool.

The rear clamp is provided with a wing, h3, constructed and arranged to be seated upon the knife-rest B. The knife-clamp E is then clamped upon the wing, the knife F being removed, which holds the said attachment firmly in place. It is evident that this attachment may be readily removed and the knife inserted, and vice versa.

Instead of engaging the wing h3 upon the knife-rest by means of the knife-clamp already described, the wing itself may be provided with engaging-shoulders h4, similar to the hooked arms e of said clamp, and serving a similar purpose.

I design to provide the stock of the plane with a scale-bar or measure, as shown in Fig. 7. The spring serves to take up any slack which may result in the adjustment of the knife-rest by means of the screw B’.

In the jack-plane, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the spring is engaged with the knife-rest forward of the bearings b3 and b4. In Fig. 3 the spring is engaged with the rest in the rear of the bearings, the spring operating simply in a reverse manner to take up the slack.

Instead of a screw, B’, a suitable cam may be employed. I would have it understood that I do not limit myself to the screw alone to secure this proper adjustment.

I do not limit myself to the definite and precise construction of the parts H’ and H2 of the attachment, as shown, nor providing the part H2 with a wing, h3, as they may be of any suitable construction to removably hold the toothing iron or scraper suitably in position in the stock.

What I claim is —

1. The combination of a plane-stock, a knife-rest provided near its lower end with a support which permits the rest to be tilted in the direction of the length of the stock and also transversely thereto, a spring to exert an upward pressure upon the rest, and means to regulate the longitudinal tilting of the rest, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a plane-stock, a knife-rest, screws passed through said rest near opposite sides thereof and bearing against said stock to permit the rest to be tilted in the direction of the length of the stock and transversely thereto, a spring to exert an upward pressure upon the rest, and means to regulate the longitudinal tilting of the rest, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a plane-stock, a knife-rest, screws passed through said rest near the opposite sides thereof and bearing against said stock to permit the rest to be tilted in the direction of the length of the stock and transversely thereto, a spring to exert an upward pressure upon the rest, means to regulate the tension of said spring, and a screw to regulate the longitudinal tilting of the rest, substantially as described.

4. The combination of the plane-stock, the knife-rest, a support under the rest, a lug, G, supported by and capable of sliding longitudinally on the support and adapted to engage and move with a knife, a knife-clamp above the rest, and a screw engaging a screw-socket in the clamp for holding the knife upon the rest, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with a metallic plane-stock, of a removable toothing iron or scraper composed of two clamps provided each with a clamping-screw, one of said clamps being provided with a wing to engage with a knife-rest on the stock, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with a plane-stock provided with a knife-rest and knife-clamp, of a removable toothing iron or scraper attachment consisting of front and rear clamps constructed and arranged to be engaged with each other and provided with clamping-screws, said rear clamp provided with a wing, h3, adapted to be engaged upon the knife-rest, the construction being such that said attachment may be removed and the knife be clamped upon the rest, and vice versa, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I sign this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

LOUIS C. RODIER.

Witnesses:
N. S. WRIGHT,
W. B. O’DOGHERTY.

No. 316,079 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”390″]316079

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 316,079, dated April 21, 1885.
Application filed February 25, 1885. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My plane is principally designed for use in making chamfer moldings on the corners of pieces of wood-work for various uses.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my plane. Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section thereof. Fig. 3 is a transverse section thereof on line x x of Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is a view of the stock proper, or the front part of my plane as seen when looking squarely upon the rear under side of its oblique face. Fig. 5 is a corresponding view of the rear part, showing the upper side of its oblique face. Fig. 6 is a side elevation, partly in section, of one of my planes, having a shorter rear part on gage and with the handles omitted. Fig. 7 is a transverse section of a part of the same on line y y of Fig. 6, but partly in elevation; and Fig. 8 is a plan view of one of my planes with a different form of handle.

A designates the stock proper, having the usual oblique frog, in which the ordinary cutter B is seated. This cutter is held in place by the holding-cap C, all as in ordinary planes. Other ordinary means of holding the cutter, either with or without special mechanism for adjusting the cutter up and down, may be substituted for that shown. The rear end of the stock proper, A, is an oblique under face, upon which I form a central and longitudinal rib, a, having straight, smooth edges. The front end of the stock proper, A, may, if desired, be provided with the knob-shaped handle D, with the exception of the ribbed oblique under face at the rear. The parts so far described are nothing more than an ordinary plane, and they are capable of use as such without the addition of other parts.

E designates a gage having an angular groove, b, extending longitudinally through its under face. Its front end is provided with an oblique flange or frog, c, slotted at its upper end, and provided with a groove, d, into which the rib at of the stock proper fits, so that the two parts are guided one upon the other. A shouldered set-screw, f passes through the slotted upper end of the flange or frog c, and into the oblique portion of the stock proper, A. By tightening this screw the parts A and E are held firmly in their adjusted position. By loosening the screw said parts may be moved one upon the other to any desired position and held there by tightening the screw again.

Inasmuch as the chamfer made by my plane is generally made to stop short of the length of the piece charnfered, I bevel off the lower rear corner of the stock proper, A, as at g, to a bevel corresponding to the bevel of the cutter at its lower end. This enables me to cut a beveled or oblique shoulder at the end of the chamfer cut by my plane, the angle of which shoulder will be the same as that of the beveled-off portion g of the stock.

For chamfering a corner, the parts A and E are adjusted so that the flat under face at the front end of the stock proper extends below the apex of the groove b just the depth of the desired chamfer. The plane is moved back and forth, with its gage E set squarely, as is practicable, over the corner to be chamfered, and shaving after shaving removed, until the gage stops further cutting by resting firmly for its whole length upon the stock being chamfered.

By inserting different forms of cutters moldings of different forms may be chamfered off or formed on the corners of wood-work, but the straight cutter for a plain chamfer will be the most generally used. The gage E may, if desired, be provided with the handle F. I make the rear end of the gage slanting, as shown, in order that it may be the better seated upon the work in starting a chamfer. By placing the stock proper upon the extreme front end of the gage E, I can make them of the same width, so that when adjusted to bring their lower faces into the same plane the device may be used as an ordinary hand-plane for planing flat surfaces.

Instead of handling the tool as an ordinary plane for chamfering, it may be handled after the manner of a spokeshave by simply providing the stock proper, A’, Fig. 8, with side handles, G G, as shown in said figure, or like handles may be formed in like manner upon the sides of the gage E, near its front end.

I am aware that planes for chamfering have heretofore been made, and I do not claim the same, broadly. Neither do I wish to limit my invention to the specific means of fastening the parts A and E in their adjusted positions, as other ordinary mechanism may be substituted therefor.

I claim as my invention —

The combination of the gage E, having the longitudinal angular groove b, with the stock proper, A, adjustable up and down upon the oblique front end of said gage, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 313,694 – Joiner’s Plane (William Tidgewell) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”387″]313694

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM TIDGEWELL, OF MIDDLETOWN, ASSIGNOR TO THE MERIDEN MALLEABLE IRON COMPANY, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,694, dated March 10, 1885.
Application filed February 2, 1885. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM TIDGEWELL, of Middletown, in the county ot’ Midellesex and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 2, an underside view of the stock; Fig. 3, a transverse section through the stock, looking on the face ofthe bearing D.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of joiners’ planes in which the stock is made from cast metal, and in which the cutter is made adjustable by mechanical appliances. In the usual construction of these planes the cutter takes a bearing upon the stock at the mouth, the bearing extending up a considerable distance on the back of the cutter.

This bearing-surface is usually smooth and the cutter fits close upon it. The result of this bearing is to create a very great friction between it and the cutter, owing to the pressure which is brought upon the cutter at the bearing in the clamping operation, so that when the cutter is so clamped a very considerable force is necessary to be applied to the adjusting device to move the cutter.

The object of my invention is to diminish this friction while still retaining practically the same extent of bearing; and it consists in grooving the face of the bearing so as to form a series of ribs upon which the cutter will rest, the bearing-surface being reduced to the extent of the area of the spaces between the ribs, as more fully hereinafter described.

A represents the stock, made from cast-iron, and provided with the usual handle, B. C is the mouth; D, the bearing directly in rear and above the month, upon which the lower portion of the cutter E rests; F, the clamp applied in the usual manner for binding the cutter upon its seat D; G, the movable bed to which the cutter is also clamped; H, the adjusting device applied to the bed or slide G, and by which said slide and cutter are moved to adjust the cutter.

The clamping device, bed, and adjusting device may be any of the known constructions.

The face of the bearing D, instead of being made flat, is corrugated, as seen in Fig. 3, so as to form a series of ribs, a a, more or less in number, these ribs forming a series of narrow bearings, upon which the cutter will rest and its proper position be insured, yet over which it will easily move under the action of the adjusting devices.

As here represented, the area of all the ribs amounts to about one-third of the area of the bearing. The friction therefore is reduced accordingly; but still the same firm support is given to the cutter. These grooves should terminate near the bottom surface of the stock, or at about where the bevel at the edge ofthe cutter begins, as seen in Figs. 1 and 3. These grooves may be formed in casting, the ribs subsequently dressed to finish the bearing for the cutter.

In the illustration I have shown a construction of plane which permits of but a short bearing for the lower end of the cutter; but in other well-known constructions the extent of bearing is very much greater, even to forming the entire support for the cutter. The advantages of my invention increase as the extent of the bearing increases.

I claim —

In a joiner’s plane in which the stock is of cast metal, and in which the cutter is made adjustable, the bearing, D in the rear of the mouth, and which supports the cutter, constructed to form a series of ribs upon its face, and upon which ribs the cutter will rest, substantially as described.

WILLIAM TIDGEWELL.

Witnesses:
GEO. W. SMITH,
ELI I. MERRIMAN.

No. 312,229 – Plane (William Tidgewell) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”383″]312229

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM TIDGETWELL, OF MIDDLETOWN, ASSIGNOR TO THE MERIDEN MALLEABLE IRON COMPANY, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 312,229, dated February 10, 1885.
Application filed December 26, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM TIDGEWELL, of Middletown, in the county of Middlesex and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a top view with the cutter and its clamp removed; Fig. 2, a longitudinal central section showing the cutter in place; Fig.
3, a transverse section on line x x of Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a transverse section on line y y of Fig. 2; Fig.
5, a transverse section on line z z of Fig. 2; Fig. 6, a side view of the screw and nut detached from the stock.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of planes for joiners’ use in which the stock is made from metal, and to which an adjusting-screw is applied to set the cutter, the object of the invention being such a construction of the stock and arrangement of the adjusting-screw that the stock may be cast complete and avoid the mechanical labor usually required in fitting the stock for the adjusting-screw, and it consists in a cast-metal stock constructed with a bearing for the cutter in rear of the mouth, the said bearing constructed with a central recess opening upward to form one seat for the screw, the second seat for the point of the screw being between said bearing and the mouth, with vertical guides for the nut between the two seats of the screw, combined with the screw and nut arranged in said seats, as more fully hereinafter described.

A represents the stock, which in general out line may be of common or usual construction; B, the bolt, through which the edge of the cutter C extends in the usual manner. At the rear a bearing, D, is arranged, upon which the cutter will rest at that point, the cutter resting at the month and upon the bearing D. This bearing D should extend across the stock between the sides, as indicated in Figs.1 and 3. Near the mouth, upon the inside and centrally between the two sides, a lug or upward projection, E, is formed, having a recess, a, from its upper edge downward. In the same central line a recess, b, is made in the bearing D.

F is the screw, its lower or point end, d, constructed to fit into the recess a in the lug E. At a point on the body of the screw corresponding to the recess b in the bearing D an annular groove, e, is formed, and so that the screw may be set, its point into the recess a and the annular groove e into the recess b, the sides of the groove taking a bearing upon the rear and front side of the bearing D, the said bearing D standing inclined at right angles to the plane of the cutter, and the axis of the screw is parallel with the plane of the cutter, as seen in Fig. 2. Midway between the bearing D and the lug E a pair of guides, f f, are arranged, one each side the screw, leaving a space, g, between them, as seen in Fig. 4.

H is the nut, threaded corresponding to the screw, and in width so as to stand between the two guides f f, as seen in Figs. 1 and 4. These guides prevent the nut from turning as the screw is turned; hence, as the screw is turned, it being fixed as to longitudinal movement, a corresponding advance or retreating movement will be imparted to the nut, and in such movement the nut is controlled by the guides f f. The screw is provided with a convenient head, I, by which it may be turned. The nut has a stud, h, projecting from its upper end, to enter a corresponding hole in the cutter, and so that the cutter will partake of the movement of the nut. As here represented, the cutter is held by a clamp, L, taking a bearing at its lower end upon the cutter, with an adjusting-screw, M, at its upper end to bear upon the cutter, the stock being provided with a fulcrum consisting of a cross-bar, N, over the cutter. Other clamps, however, may be applied to secure the cutter in place. By this construction the stock may be cast complete. The recess a for the point and the recess b in the bearing D for the screw are all formed in the process of casting, and so that, a pattern being made like the finished stock, no coring is necessary, as all the parts readily draw from the mold, leaving the cores fort he respective cavities. The screw with its nut is simply dropped into its seats before the cutter is applied. The construction is therefore of the simplest character, and greatly reduces the cost of the article over many of the complicated constructions, but having all the advantages of ready adjustment and firm hold of the cutter.

The bar N may be a piece of wire of suitable size and strength introduced into the mold, so that in the process of casting it will becorne a permanent and fixed part of the stock.

I claim —

1. A joiner’s-plane stock having the bearing D in rear ofthe mouth. a lug, E, between said bearing and mouth, the bearing D constructed with a recess, b, opening upward, and the lug E with a recess. a, also opening upward, the said two recesses forming seats for the screw, the guides f f between said bearing and lug, the said bearing, lug, and guides cast as an integral part of the stock, combined with the screw F, constructed with an annular groove, e, corresponding to the recess b in the bearing D, its point arranged in the open recess in the lug E, and the nut on said screw between said guides f f, the nut constructed to engage the cutter, substantially as described.

2. A joiner’s-plane stock having the bearing D in rear of the mouth, a lug, E, between said bearing and mouth, the bearing D constructed with a recess, b, opening upward, and the lug E with a recess, a, also opening upward, the said two recesses forming seats for the screw, the guides f f between said bearing and lug, the said bearing, lug, and guides cast as an integral part of the stock, and the cross-bar N made as a fixed part of the stock, with the screw F, constructed with an annular groove, e, corresponding to the recess b in the bearing D, its point arranged in the open recess in the lug E, the nut H on said screw between said guides f f, the nut constructed to engage the cutter, with the clamp L arranged beneath the bar N, to take a bearing upon the cutter below said bar, and an adjusting-screw above said bar, substantially as described.

WlLLlAM TIDGEWELL.

Witnesses:
ELI J. MERRIMAN,
H. W. HUDSON.

No. 311,136 – Bench-Plane (Charles L. Mead) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”523″]311136

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES L. MEAD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part forming part of Letters Patent No. 311,136 , dated January 20, 1885.
Application filed June 16, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES L. MEAD, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes; and the object of my invention is to produce a simple and efficient mechanism for adjusting the cutting-edge of the bit to square it with the stock. I attain this object by the simple construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved bench-plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view, partly in elevation, on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional partial view on line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detached view showing the under side of the frog.

It is often difficult to grind the cutting-edge of a plane-bit exactly square, and consequently when set in place it does not stand square with the stock. In such cases the bits have been adjusted by rapping them edgewise from side to side with a hammer. A prior patent shows a mechanisrn for adjusting the bit edgewise to bring its end square with the stock, in which the under side of
the bit was slotted at its lower end and the bit was pivoted by the cap-screw. Such an adjusting mechanism is hereby disclaimed.

Aside from the addition of the adjusting-screw a, traveling block b, and the necessary modifications for securing them in place, my improved plane is the same as ordinary bench-planes. The particular plane I have taken for illustration is known to the art as “Bailey’s Patent Plane.” I provide the frog or seat A with lugs c c, which lugs are provided with smooth-bored holes at points a’ a’, into which I insert the adjusting-screw a, said holes forming bearings for the ends of the adjusting-screw. Upon the adjusting-screw a, I have placed the nuts d d, which nuts will allow the adjusting-screw a to rotate freely upon its axis, but will not allow the adjusting-screw to move longitudinally. Upon the adjusting-screw a, I have arranged a traveling block, b, said block being provided with a threaded hole, which receives the adjusting-screw a. I have provided the traveling block b with an upwardly-extending projection, f, whose height is about equal to the thickness of the cutter which engages with the ordinary slot, g, of the plane bit or cutter. The traveling block moves longitudinally in a slot formed in the frog. The bit or cutter and cap-iron of the plane are set in their places upon the frog or plane-seat in the ordinary manner, care being taken to have the engaging projection f of the traveling block b project upward into the ordinary longitudinal slot of the bit. The holding-cap B is then put into its proper place and clamps the bit and cap-iron firmly against the frog or plane-seat, said holding cap pressing then at each end. The point of pressure at the lower end of the cap is the point where the bit will pivot when its upper end is moved edgewise. When the parts are thus assembled in place ready for use, in order to adjust the bit edgewise to bring its edge square with the stock, it is only necessary to turn the adjusting-screw a, one way or the other, as the case may be, which readily adjusts the bit or cutter laterally and brings its edge square with the stock, as shown.

I am aware that a prior patent for bench-planes shows a mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bits endwise, which consists of a screw and a transverse slide having an oblique slot, which receives a projection from the under side of a second slide for carrying the plane-irons up and down, and the same is hereby disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

In a bench-plane, the herein-deseribed mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bit laterally, consisting of the adjusting-screw a, the traveling block b, having the upwardly-extending projection f for taking into the longitudinal slot of the cutting-bit, said screw and block located at the upper end of the frog, and operating to adjust the cutting-bit laterally by the direct action of the block against the side walls of the slot in said bit at its upper end, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

CHARLES L. MEAD.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
H. C. HINE.

No. 310,473 – Bench-Plane (William Steers) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”382″]310473

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM STEERS, OF BRATTLEBOROUGH, VERMONT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 310,473, dated January 6, 1885.
Application filed October 27, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM STEERS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brattleborongh, in the county of Windham and State of Vermont, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, which will be hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out in the claim.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure I is a longitudinal vertical section of the plane. Fig. 2 is a face or front view of the regulating-wheel and eccentric link. Fig. 3 is a face view of the back-iron.

A is the cap or holder.

A’ is a tightening-screw.

a is a lug or pin projecting from the inner side of the plane-stock on each side to support the tightener or cap A which is common to most metal planes.

B is the back-iron, which is held and adjusted to the knife by a screw, b.

In B is a hole, b’, for a pin, c, of an eccentric link, C, which is long enough to pass through the knife or plane~bit and into the hole b’ in the back-iron B.

In the upper end of the eccentric link C is a hole, c’, which fits over the pin d on the face of wheel D.

E is a support in which the adjusting-wheel D is centered. This support E is secured to the flange E’ of the frame of the plane-stock F by a screw, e.

G is the plane bit or knife, adjusted on its proper bed like all other bits or knives.

Operation: When the plane bit or knife G has been properly set, with the back-iron B secured by the set–screw b, as is usual, it is placed in the stock F. The tightener A is then put in and secured by the screw A’. The pin c on the lower end of the eccentric link C enters the hole b’ in the back-iron B. The hole c’ in the upper end of C is fixed over pin d in the face of wheel D. When the plane bit or knife G is to be set fine or coarse, by slightly loosening the screw A’, and with the thumb and fingers turning wheel D to right or left, the eccentric link C will move the knife up or down, as may be required, and by tightening screw A’ the knife is secured to the proper adjustment.

The peculiar feature of this invention is the substitution of the eccentric link C, connected directly by a crank-pin with the regulating or adjusting wheel D itself at one end, and at the other end connected by a pin with the plane-iron cap through the slot in the plane iron or knife, for the usual complicated devices for moving the knife, thus materially reducing the cost of this class of planes.

I am aware that the plane-irons of planes have been adjusted by means of adjusting wheels and connecting parts from it to the plane-iron, and I do not claim, broadly, such arrangements; but

What I do claim is —

In metallic planes, the adjusting crank-wheel D, the link C, attached at one end immediately to the crank-wheel by a wrist-pin, having at its other end a pin which passes through a slot in the plane iron or knife into the back-iron, in combination with the plane iron or knife and back-iron, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I hereto affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM STEERS.

Witnesses:
J. G. EDDY,
CLARENCE F. R. JENNE.

No. 306,877 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”376″]306877

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 306,877, dated October 21, 1884.
Application filed June 11, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, and the object. of my invention is to produce a better mechanism for adjusting the cutting-edge of the bit to square it with the stock. I attain this object by the simple construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings. in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved bench-plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view thereof, partly in elevation, on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a like view with cutter attached, and Fig. 4 is a sectional view thereof on line y y of Fig. 2.

It is oftentimes difficult to grind the cutting-edge of a plane-bit exactly square, and therefore when set in place it does not stand square with the stock. Several prior patents show planes having mechanism for effecting this lateral adjustment of the cutting-bit edgewise. one of which mechanisms is a lever arranged under the bit at the upper end of the frog. Another consists of two screws the heads of which act upon the edges of the bit at the upper end of the frog. Another patent shows side screws near the middle of the stock, which, in connection with swinging dogs and a sliding piece, hold the bit in its adjusted position. All of said prior art is hereby disclaimed. The major portion of my plane is the same as ordinary bench-planes. The particular plane iilustrated is the one known as “Bailey’s patent plane.”

I secure the edgewise-adjusting lever a to the plane seat or frog by means of the rivet b and washer d, said washer producing sufficient friction to keep the lever a in place when the cap is removed. This lever is also let into the frog or bit seat A, so as to bring its upper side just below the under side of the bit. B, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, and said frog or seat is also cut away, as at e, Fig. 2, in order to permit a lateral movement of the lever a. The lower end of said lever is provided with a projection, f, which rises above the surface of the frog or seat A a distance about equal to the thickness of the bit B, but not far enough to bind against the under surface of the cap-iron C. This projection f of a width which will about fill the ordinary slot for the cap-screw at the upper end of the bit. I prefer to provide the under side of the lever a with a small boss or trunnion concentric with the rivet b, on which it is fulcrumed, and sink said trunnion into a circular recess, as shown in Fig. 4; but this construction is not essential. I also provide the stock with stationary pins h h near the lower end of the bit B. upon which said bit can swing or fulcrum when moved edgewise. These pins are threaded merely for convenience of insertion; but when once inserted plain pins will answer the same purpose.

When the parts are in place ready for use, in order to adjust the bit edgewise to bring its edge square with the stock, it is only necessary to move the lever a to one side, as shown in Fig. 3, which illustrates a bit whose end is ground out of square to an unusual degree. It should be observed that the lever a is close up under the bit, and does not so project as to ever render any inconvenience whatever in the ordinary uses of the plane. I have shown this lever as the best-known mechanism for an edgewise adjustment of the bit; but other mechanism for this adjustment located at the upper end instead of the lower end of the stock will secure the advantages of my invention.

The stationary pins are located in the stock, so as to bear directly upon the edges of the bit near its cutting end, and, as the laterally-adjusting mechanism is operated to move the upper end of the bit edgewise, it will rock or fulcrum upon the stationary pins at the lower end.

My rnechanism for this edgewise adjustment does not in the least interfere with the ordinary endwise adjustment of the bit, and requires no change whatever in the ordinary parts of the plane, except to recess and drill the frog or bit and the stock for the reception and attachment of the lever a and pins h h.

I claim as my invention —

The combination of a plane stock and bit, an edgewise-adjusting mechanism for acting upon the bit at its upper end, and the stationary fulcrum-pins h h in the stock near the cutting end of the bit, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
EDDY N. SMITH.

No. 296,933 – Bench-Plane (Norman Edward Curtis) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”364″]296933

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

NORMAN EDWARD CURTIS, OF MAUSTON, WISCONSIN.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 296,933, dated April 15, 1884.
Application filed January 28, 1884. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NORMAN EDWARD CURTIS, of Mauston, in the county of Juneau and State of Wisconsin, have invented a new and Improved Bench-Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

In the class of bench-planes having adjustable plane-irons it is common to adjust the plane-iron longitudinally by means of an adjusting screw and lever, and to clamp the plane-iron and its cap by means of a clamping-lever provided with a cam.

My invention provides means for the accurate and quick lateral adjustment of the plane-iron, and it consists in a fulcrum upon which the plane-iron may swing laterally, a longitudinal groove formed in the rear face of the iron, and a lever fulcrumed in the lower part of the plane, with its shorter arm entering the groove in the back of the plane-iron, and its longer arm extending rearward, to be operated by hand or by an adjusting-screw.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of my improved plane, taken on the line x x in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan view. Fig. 3 is a detail view of the cap-iron. Fig. 4 is a rear view of the plane-iron. Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section taken on the line y y y in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a vertical transverse section taken on the line z z in Fig. 1, the irons being removed.

The body of the plane is of the usual form, having the bed-piece A attached thereto in the usual way. In the upper surface of the bed-piece A is formed a groove, B, of sufficient width and depth to receive the screw C, which clamps the plane-iron D and cap-iron E together. The groove B is of sufficient length to permit the greatest required range of longitudinal rnovement of the plane-iron, while it embraces the sides of the screw-head so closely as to admit of little or no lateral motion of the plane-iron at that point. The shorter arm of a lever, F, fulcrumed in the bed-piece A, extends into an aperture, a, in the cap-iron E. The longer arm of the lever F is engaged by a milled nut, G, on the screw-threaded stud H, projecting from the back of the bed-piece A. By turning the milled nut G the plane-iron D is adjusted longitudinally in the usual way. The plane-iron D and cap-iron E are clamped in place by a clamping-lever, I, having a slot bolt hole, b, near its lower end for receiving the screw c, which also passes through the plane-iron and the cap-iron. A cam-lever, J, pivoted in the upper end of the clamping-lever, presses on a bearing plate, d, carried by the lever I, and which, in turn, presses upon the upper end of the cap-iron. The lever I is similar to others in use; but lf have shortened the distance between the screw c and the lower end thereof, and have increased the distance between the said screw and the cam-lever J, so as to secure an increased leverage and a corresponding increase in the firmness with which the plane-iron is held in place.

In the back of the plane-iron D and from the lower end thereof along the middle a groove, e, extends toward the usual longitudinal slot, f, of the plane-iron.

In a mortise formed in the lower portion of the bed-piece A a lever, K, is fulcrumed, so as to swing in a plane parallel with the face of the plane-body. The shoulder-arm h of the lever K is beveled and provided with a tongue, L, entering the groove e in the back of the plane-iron D. The longer arm i of the lever K, extends beyond the rear of the bed-piece A, where it may be moved by the hand alone or by any suitable mechanical device. I prefer to employ a screw, M, journaled transversely in the plane-body, and having a milled head, j, and carrying a traveling nut, N, having a loop, k, for receiving the longer arm i of the lever K. By turning the screw M in one direction or the other the lever K is correspondingly moved, and the plane-iron, by virtue of its engagement with the lever, is swung laterally, the clamping-screw C being the center of motion. This adjustment enables the user to readily and accurately adjust the cutting-edge of the plane-iron to parallelism with the face of the plane; and, furthermore, the tongue L at the end of the lever K forms a guide which permits of replacing the plane-iron in the plane-body without the necessity of special adjustment each time it is removed and replaced. Where a single iron is used, a screw corresponding to the clamping-screw C will be inserted in the back thereof to form a pivot on which the iron may swing.

I have described one term of my invention. It is obvious that it adrnits of various modifications, such as substituting a rib for the groove in the back of the iron and making a groove for its reception in the end of the adjusting-lever. The adjusting-lever may be bifurcated and made to embrace the edges of the plane-iron when neither the groove nor the rib would be required. It will also be seen that the adjusting-screw may be arranged to act directly on the plane-iron to secure the necessary lateral movement. In view of these various possible modifications of my improvement, I do not limit or confine my invention to the precise form herein shown and described.

Having described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination, with the pivoted plane-iron having in its lower rear side a longitudinal groove of the laterally-adjustable lever adapted to fit into the groove of the plane iron, and capable of adjustment by the hand, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination, with the longitudinally-grooved bed-piece, of the cap-iron having the rear headed projection or screw, with its head entering the groove of said bed-piece, and the adjusting-lever engaging said iron, and actuated by an adjusting-nut, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination, with the pivoted plane-iron having in its lower rear surface a longitudinal groove, of the laterally-adjustable lever having a tongue entering the groove of the plane-iron, and the headed screw carrying a nut or sleeve provided with a loop which receives the outer end of the aforesaid lever, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

NORMAN EDWARD CURTIS.

Witnesses:
JOHN F. CURTIS,
GEORGE CURTIS.

No. 289,332 – Joiner’s Plane (Henry B. Beach) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”348″]289332

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY B. BEACH, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE MERIDEN MALLEABLE IRON COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 289,332, dated November 27, 1883.
Application filed September 10, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY B. BEACH, of Meriden, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a sectional side view; Fig. 2, a top view; Fig. 3, a transverse section on line x x; Fig. 4, a transverse section on line y y; Fig. 5, a transverse section on line z z; Fig. 6, a transverse section through the clamping-bar h; Fig. 7, an edge view of the cap.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of planes for joiners’ use in which the stock is made from cast metal, the object of the invention being a simple, ready, and positive adjustment and firmness of the plane-iron when once it is set in the required position; and the invention consists in the construction, as more fully hereinafter described, and particularly recited in the claims.

A represents the stock, made from cast-iron, fitted with the usual handle, B. Upon the inner surface of each side of the stock is a ledge, a, inclined in a line from the mouth, according to the pitch required for the plane-iron. These ledges form supports for the bed C, and on the upper surface of which the bed rests — that is to say, the bed lies upon these inclines. Below these inclined bearings a, and centrally between the two sides, a screw-stud, D. is set in a plane parallel with the inclines both vertically and horizontally, as seen in Fig. 1. From the under side of the bed a lug, E, extends downward, with an opening through it corresponding to the screw-stud D, and so as to pass freely over the stud.

F is a nut fitted to the screw-stud, and carrying a collar, b. The lug is recessed transversely to form a slot, d, to receive the collar b of the nut, and so that in placing the bed in its position the nut is first set into engagement with the slot d, then the bed moved down to carry the lug over the screw-stud, and so as to permit the nut to engage the screw; then turning the screw in one direction will move the bed downward, and in the reverse will draw it upward.

On the bed C the plane-iron G is placed, and over this the clamp H, and then upon that the clamp I, which is secured by a set-screw, K. The arrangement of the clamp whereby the plane-iron is secured to the bed may be any of the usual constructions.

As here represented, a headed stud, L, attached to the clamp I, passes through beneath the cap and iron and engages a slot in the bed below, so as to form a fulcrum for the clamp. Then the point of the clarnp bears upon the iron, the power being applied through the screw K to force the point into its clamping position — a usual and well-known construction. The bed is held down at its lower end by an L-shaped lug, e, engaging a corresponding L-shaped flange, f, on the stock. (See Figs. 1 and 5.)

In the usual construction of this class of clamps the screw is inade to bear at a central point and over a comparatively small surface. Unless the corresponding surfaces of the bed and plane-iron make a perfect fit between the two, the iron is easily thrown out of adjustment. To increase this bearing-surface of the adjusting-screw, I arrange a bar, h, in a slot transversely across on the under side of the head of the clamp, and it should be in length nearly the width of the plane-iron. This is engaged with the set-screw by upsetting the screw upon the under side of the bar, as seen in Figs. 1 and 6, but so as to leave the screw free to turn in the bar; hence by turning the screw in one direction the bar will be drawn into the slot, and turned in the opposite direction will be forced downward. This transverse bar affords a long surface of bearing upon the plane-iron, and so that the force of the screw is applied to that entire surface; hence so broad or extended a bearing upon the plane-iron is attained as to prevent the possibility of accidental displacement. In this class of planes in which a cap is employed in connection with the plane-iron a ditliculty is experienced in properly fitting the edge of the cap to the surface of the plane-iron, or to bring it into a firm and close bearing entirely across the face of the plane-iron, and if it be not thus perfectly fitted shavings will work between the two and inconvenience the workman. In the usual construction of cap the edge is drawn down thin and turned toward the plane-iron, so as to raise that portion of the cap back of its edge from the iron; then the set-screw i applied is relied upon to draw the cap properly onto the iron; but this set-screw is necessarily so far from the foot that unless both the iron and the cap are perfect in their construction the requisite fit cannot be attained. To overcome this difficulty I reduce the cap in thickness a little above the foot, as at l, Figs. 1 and 7 , so as to weaken the cap at that point. Then the screw is applied in the usual manner. The clamp bears upon the cap at this reduced point, as seen at Fig. 1, and applies a pressure which, because of the reduction in thickness of the cap, will cause the foot of the cap to spring into the shape to fit closely and entirely across the face of the plane-iron. This construction permits the cap to be drawn into close contact with the iron around the set-screw, as shown, thus making a firm connection between the cap and iron, so that dis-
placement of the cap is impossible, and the clamp serves to bring the foot of the cap into its proper relation to the face of the iron; and this construction also enables me to make the cap of thicker material than can be done where there is no such reduction in thickness, for without the reduction there must be sufficient spring in the cap to permit the screw which holds it in place to draw the cap down to the iron; but this reduction in thickness requires less power upon the screw, and also enables the clamp to properly hold the cap in place.

In adjustable mouth planes — that is, planes which have the bottom fore end adjustable, so as to take the forward edge of the mouth nearer to or farther from the iron, as occasion may require – a difliculty is experienced from the fact that the adjustable portion is liable to be forced against or into contact with the cutting-edge of the iron, consequently drilling the plane. To obviate this difficulty I construct the adjustable part M so as to be moved toward or from the mouth in the usual manner, and upon its upper surface form a socket, N, fitted with a female screw, the socket arranged to work in a longitudinal recess, O, in the stock, the recess being constructed with relation to the socket N so that the rear side of the socket will strike the rear end of the slot O just before the adjustable piece M will reach the edge of the iron, and through a slot, P, into the recess a set-screw, R, passes into the socket N to bind the adjustable part in any position to which it may be set.

The set-screw itself may form the stop, instead of the socket — that is, the slot P, through which the set-screw passes, may be of such length that the body of the screw will strike the forward end of the slot just before the adjustable piece M will reach the edge of the iron, it only being essential to this part of my invention that there shall be a stop to thus arrest the adjustable piece M.

I claim —

1. In a metal plane, the combination of the stock, constructed with inclined lugs a upon its two sides to support the bed, the bed C, arranged to ride upon said lugs, the screw-stud D, fixed in the stock and parallel with the plane of the bed, a lug, E, extending from the bed and arranged to work over said screw-stud, said lug constructed with a transverse recess, d, the nut F, constructed with the collar b, corresponding to the said recess d, and mechanism, substantially such as described, to clamp the iron upon the bed, all substantially as specified.

2. In a metal plane substantially such as described, the clamp I, by which the plane-iron is secured to the bed, combined with a transverse bar, h, and adjusting-screw K, substantially as specified.

3. In a joiner’s plane substantially such as described, the cap H, having its thickness reduced transversely near its foot, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. In a joiner’s plane, the combination of a bed made adjustable, a plane-iron upon said bed, a clamp in connection with said bed, the cap H, reduced in thickness transversely near its foot, said clamp arranged to bear upon said cap near its reduced thickness, and mechanism, substantially such as described, to force said clamp to thus bear upon the cap, substantially as specified.

HENRY B. BEACH.

Witnesses:
E. A. MERRIMAN,
CHAS. WM. MANN.

No. 287,584 – Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”345″]287584

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 287,584, dated October 30, 1883.
Application filed May 10, 1883. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTHUR E. RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a view in longitudinal vertical section of a plane embodying our improvements on plane denoted by line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a detail view in cross-section on the line y y of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a detail end view of the carriage, looking from below.

Our invention has for its object the construction of planes cheaper and more readily adjusted to varied uses than the forms now in common use; and it consists in the special arrangement and combination of the parts for adjusting the cutting-iron and clamping the same, and in changing the character of the plane from a single to a double iron, as hereinafter more particularly described.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter a denotes a body of common form, and made of any desirable material, as iron; b, the usual mortise or opening through to the face of the plane; c, the cutting-bed; d, a transverse flange provided with the socket d’; e, a carriage having upon the lower side a tubular projection adapted to fit into and move longitudinally in the socket d’, and on its upper side the arms f, provided with the interiorly-projecting flanges or their equivalents.

On the carriage, and between the arms, rests the cutting-iron g, which is a flat piece of metal provided with a chisel-edge, and upon it, and also adapted to slide between the arms, is arranged the cap-iron and clamp h, which has upon each side the projections h’, which limit the forward movement of the clamp, and at its rear end, in a threaded socket, the clamp-screw h”.

The screw spindle i is rotarily secured in the tubular projection on the carriage, as by means of the transverse pin j, and its lower end projects into and operates in the nut formed in the body of the plane. This peculiar arrangement of the carriage enables it to have a rocking motion sidewise, or transversely of the plane, and at the same time makes it adjustable in the plane of the cutting-iron. This rocking motion of the carriage enables one to adjust the back of the plane-iron to a perfect bearing on the cutting-bed, and at the same time support and hold it against longitudinal motion.

The cap-iron is made to serve as a clamp by its lower edge, resting upon the cutting-iron near its lower end, passing under the flanges on the arms, which serve as fulcrums, and by being raised from the cutting-iron near the upper end by means of the clamp-screw, the lower end of which takes against the face of the iron. It serves the purpose of the ordinary cap-iron, when desired, and at the same time can be readily slipped back, leaving the plane in the form known as “single-iron” planes.

One peculiar and important feature of our invention consists of the combination of cap-iron and clamp, so arranged that the relative positions of the cutting-edge of the iron and the front edge of the clamp are not changed when the iron is adjusted to fix the thickness of shaving to be cut by the plane. The smoothness of the surface left after removing a shaving is determined by this relative position of cutting-edge of iron and edge of cap-iron, and once fixed in our device it remains constant, as described, while the thickness of the shaving may be varied by the adjustment of the carriage. This construction of parts is a great saving in expense over the ordinary method of arranging and combining the cutting-iron and the cap-iron, and possesses the further advantage of simplicity and ready adjustment to various uses.

The thickness of the shaving made by the plane is adjusted by means of the screw-spindle, which has a suitable head for operating with the thumb and finger.

In order to enable the tubular projection to slide readily, or to rock in the socket d’, we slab off, as seen in Fig. 3, portions of its upper surface, to decrease the bearing-surface within the socket. This, however, is not essential to the perfect operation of our device, as the carriage may have a downward projection resting in a guide-groove in the plane-body, or be adapted to rock in many ways obvious to the skilled mechanic on slight inspection of our device.

We claim as our invention —

1. In combination, a plane-body having a socket, and the carriage having at longitudinal reciprocation and also an transverse rocking motion in said socket, with means for adjusting said carriage, all substantially as described.

2. In combination, the plane-body, the carriage having a longitudinal motion and also a transverse rocking motion, and bearing the plane-iron and combined cap-iron and clamp, all substantially as described.

3. In combination with a plane-body and a carriage, substantially as hereinbefore described, the plane-iron and combined cap-iron and clamp, made, in one piece, the relative position of the two latter parts remaining unchanged when the plane-iron is adjusted to determine the depth of cut of the iron, all substantially as described.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
A. C. TANNER,
WM. H. MARSH.

No. 287,371 – Joiner’s Plane (William B. Fenn) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”344″]287371

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM B. FENN, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT,
ASSIGNOR TO FOSTER MERRIAM & CO., OF SAME PLACE.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 287,371, dated October 23, 1883.
Application filed June 30, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM B. FENN, of Meriden, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification , and represent, in —

Figure 1, a sectional side view; Fig. 2, a top view, with the plane-iron and clamp removed; Fig. 3, a rear view, the bed removed, showing the inclined guiding-sides and screw. Fig. 4, a perspective view of the bed removed, looking toward the under side; Fig. 5, a longitudinal section of the clamp through the T-shaped slot; Fig. 6, an under side view of the clamp; Fig. 7, a transverse section of the clamp on line x x of Fig. 5; Fig. 8, a transverse section of the bed, showing the T-shaped stud.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of joiners’ or bench planes in which mechanism is employed to adjust the cutter with relation to the thickness of the shaving to be cut. In the more general construction of this class of planes the bed is fitted to work upon ways in the stock. These ways, as well as the bed, require to be shaped or fitted in the planing-machine, and this fitting of the bed and ways is an expensive part of the manufacture of the plane.

The principal object of my invention is to avoid this expensive part of the work; and the invention consists in the construction of plane as hereinafter described, and more particularly recited in the claims.

A represents the stock, which is of substantially the usual form; B, the bed upon which the plane-iron or cutter C is supported; D, the clamp by which the iron is secured upon the bed. E is the rest or support for the lower part of the plane-iron, and which terminates at the throat a.

The surface of the bed and the surface of the rest E must be in substantially the same inclined plane. In the rear end of the rest E, I introduce studs F F, projecting therefrom, and upwardly inclined in a plane parallel with the plane of the bed and rest. These studs are best made from round rods cut to the required length, and driven into corresponding holes in the rest.

The bed B is constructed with downwardly-projecting cars G, through which holes b are made corresponding to the studs F F, and so that the bed set upon the studs F will move freely thereon as guides, and the bed be retained in its proper relative position to the rest. The employment of these studs as guides is very much cheaper than the planed seat hitherto generally employed, as the holes for the studs as well as the corresponding holes in the bed are readily drilled by a pair of drills arranged for the purpose, so that the relative position of the two parts is assured.

To adjust the bed, a third stud, H, is arranged in the rest between the studs F F. This stud is screw-threaded, and in a lug, I, which extends down from the bed, a nut, L, is arranged. This nut is free for rotation, but prevented from longitudinal movement (here represented as so prevented) by a screw, d, through the lug into a corresponding annular groove in the body of the nut. The nut is fitted at its outer end with a head, M, by which it may be conveniently turned. The nut is internally threaded, corresponding to the stud H, and so that by turning the nut the bed will be moved accordingly.

Instead of two studs a single stud may be employed and accomplish a good result. I do not limit this part of my invention, therefore, to the employment of the two studs F F.

To engage the clamp with the bed, I construct the bed with an upwardly-projecting T-shaped stud, N, which will pass through the central slot in the plane-iron, so that the iron may be placed upon the bed and rest. The clamp D is constructed with a longitudinal slot, P, T- shaped in transverse section, as seen in Fig. 7. This slot is inclined from the lower end backward and upward from the plane of the under side of the plate, the opening of the slot being upon the under side.

The head of the stud N enters the lower end, R, of the slot, and then, as the clamp is forced downward, the inclined T part of the slot engages the shoulder of the stud N, as seen in Figs. 5 and 7, the incline acting as a wedge to draw the clamp down upon the plane-iron, and thereby serve to clamp the iron to the bed, and so that a quite firm engagement may be made by simply thus forcing the clamp downward; but to make a firm engagement a set-screw, S, through the clamp is provided, to bear upon the iron above the point where the stud N engages, and so that the stud forms a fulcrum upon which the clamp will act as a lever, its forward or lower end bearing upon the iron below the stud and the screw above.

Instead of making the inclined slot in the clamp and fixing the stud to the bed, this order may be reversed, and the inclined slot made in the bed and the stud fixed to the clamp. In such construction, it will be understood the incline will be reversed — that is, so as to draw the clamp toward the bed by the downward movement of the clamp.

Considerable difficulty is experienced in the use of this class of planes, from the fact that the great resistance offered to the working of the plane — as, for instance, in striking a knot — tends to turn the iron out of its proper position, the natural friction between the clamp and bed not being sufficient to hold the iron. To overcome this difiiculty, I apply to the clamp a facing, T, of non-metallic material, preferably of india-rubber. This is best made by the introduction of a strip of rubber across the lower end of the clamp, as seen in Fig. 1; but it may be applied at other positions, and advantageously so, at about the point where the screw bears — that is, an india-rubber or other non-metallic shoe may be applied to the lower end of the screw to bear upon the surface of the plane-iron — or this non-metallic bearing-surface may be arranged upon the bed, or upon the rest beneath the plane-iron; or it may be applied both to the clamp and to the bed, it only being essential to this part of my invention that there shall be a non-metallic bearing-surface for the plane-iron.

I claim —

1. In a plane substantially such as described, the combination of one or more inclined guiding-studs, F, fixed in the stock, the bed B, constructed to ride upon said inclined stud, mechanism, substantially such as described, to hold the plane-iron upon the bed, an inclined adjusting-screw and nut whereby said bed and the iron which it carries are made adjustable upon said stud, substantially as described.

2. In a plane substantially such as described, the combination of one or more inclined guiding-studs, F, the correspondingly-inclined screw-stud H, the bed B, constructed to ride upon said inclined stud, and the nut L, arranged in said bed, fixed as to longitudinal movement but free for rotation, substantially as described.

WILLIAM B. FENN.

Witnesses:
JOS. C. EARLE,
J. H. SHUMWAY.

No. 286,894 – Plane (Fortune L. Bailey) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”343″]286894

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FORTUNE L. BAILEY, OF FREEPORT, INDIANA.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 286,894, dated October 16, 1883.
Application filed July 12, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, F. L. BAILEY, of Freeport, in the county of Shelby and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to an improveinent in planes; and it consists, first, in the combination of the bearing-plate having the adjusting-screw swiveled thereto, the slotted bit which is attached by means of a set-screw to the plate which bears against its top, and a screw-bolt which passes through both of the plates and the bit, and which has the adjusting-screw to pass through its lower end; second, in a bit having a nut passed through its outer end, and a set-screw passed through the nut, so as to have its lower end bear against the lower plate, and thus adjust the angle at which the bit shall set, as will be more fully described hereinafter.

The object of my invention is to provide an attachment for the bits of planes, whereby the bit can be adjusted back and forth and set it at any desired angle without having to remove the bit from the plane-stock.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a bit embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is an inverted view of the same.

A represents the lower or bearing plate, which has the lug B formed on the lower side of its outer end, and in which the adjusting-screw C is swiveled. This screw will be of any desired length, and is used to adjust the bit and the plate placed upon its top back, and forth in relation to the plate A. Through this plate A is made a vertical slot, D, of any desired length, and through which passes the screw-bolt E. This screw-bolt E has an enlarged perforated head upon its lower end, for the adjusting-screw to pass through, and receives a thumb screw or nut, F, upon its upper end, for the purpose of clamping the parts of the attachment tightly against the bit. The bit G also has a slot cut through it; but it need not necessarily be as wide nor as long as the one which is cut through the plate A. Through this slot is passed the bolt and the set-screw H, which secures the bit and the top plate, I, together. This top plate, I, and the bit are secured rigidly together by means of this set-screw, for the purpose of causing them to move together when the adjusting-screw is turned. The top plate may either rest solidly upon the bit, or it may be made in the form of a spring, as may be desired. Through the outer end of the bit is passed a nut or bushing, J, through which is passed the set-screw L. By means of this set-screw L the bit can be set at any desired angle in relation to the part A. Secured to the under side of the bearing-plate A is a suitable bracket, O, to rest on the top of the plane-stock when made of wood.

By means of the construction here shown and described, the bit may be adjusted back and forth without having to remove the parts from the plane.

I am aware that a slotted bit has been adjusted by means of screw-rods and nuts, which project up from the side of the body of the plane, and which rods have a connecting-plate passed over them, so as to bear against the outer end of the bit, and thus feed it forward, and this I disclaim. My invention differs from this in having the adjusting-screw swiveled directly upon the bearing-plate A, and which is made to adjust the bit by means of a screw-bolt which passes through the plate placed upon the top of the bit and the bit itself.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, the combination of the plate A, which is attached to the under side of the bit, with the inclined bracket O, which is secured to the under side of the plate, substantially as shown.

2. The combination of the bearing-plate A, which is secured to the under side of the bit G, and which plate is provided with the slot D, with the swiveled adjusting-screw C, which is attached at its outer end to the plate A, the screw-bolt E, which passes through the slots in the bit, the bit provided with the slot for the bolt to pass through, and the plate placed upon the bit, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with the bit, of a nut or bushing which is passed through its outer end, and the set-screw which is passed through the nut or bushing for the purpose of adjusting the inclination of the bit, substantially as specified.

4. The combination of the bearing-plate provided with a slot, the slotted bit, the set-screw, the plate which is placed upon the top of the bit, the screw-bolt which passes through both of the plates and the bit, the adjusting-screw for moving the bit back and forth, and the set-screw for regulating the angle at which the bit is placed, substantially as shown.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FORTUNE LEWIS BAILEY.

Witnesses:
MARCUS B. CHADWICK,
LEVI W. WHITE.

No. 284,919 – Bench-Plane (William Steers) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”340″]284919

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM STEERS, OF SHERBROOKE, QUEBEC, CANADA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 284,919, dated September 11, 1883.
Application filed January 25, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM STEERS, a citizen of Canada, residing at Sherbrooke, in the county of Sherbrooke and Province of Quebec, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Adjustable Composite Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to improvements in bench-planes; and it consists in the devices for adjusting the cap upon the cutting-iron, the movements of the cutting-iron, and the closing of the throat of the plane to suit the different materials to be dressed, and also in the construction of the metallic body or frame of the stock, all of which will be hereinafter more fully described, and set forth in the claims.

In the drawings forming apart of this specification, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section. Fig. 2 is an under side view of the face of the plane. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the plane-iron on top. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the cap. Fig. 5 is a transverse section on as so of Fig. 1.

A is a lever, pivoted at a, having at its lower end a segment-rack, a’, which meshes with a worm-gear, B, that is supported upon a proper bearing or standard, B’, within the stock of the plane A’, which is in this case secured by a screw, a”, through the bottom plate, A”. This bearing or standard B’ also supports the lever A, and forms a bed at b for the plane-iron I, against which it is pressed by the screw J.

In the plane-iron, on top, is a groove, H, for the foot of the screw J. In the plane-iron I there are holes i i i, into any one of which the small end a”’ of the lever A can be inserted; and below the lever A is one of the holes j, for the insertion of the end of a set-screw, D. Said screw works in a nut, C, below the cap K, and through the orifice d in the cap, for a purpose to be hereinafter explained.

J is a straining or clamp screw, which works in the nut k on the end of the cap-iron K.

G G are studs projecting on the inside of the stock-frame A’, to lock the cap-iron K.

E is a strong spring attached at top to a standard, E’, and its lower end, e, made as wide as the throat of the plane, and forming a casing for the front edge, e, of it.

e’ is an adjusting-screw by which the spring E is made to close the throat to such an adjustment as may be required to suit the character of the material to be dressed.

The adjusting worm-screw B is set in the standard B’ by means of a neck, c, and a retaining-pin, c’, which will allow the screw to be rotated, but prevents its withdrawal.

The bottom plate, A”, is formed with wide grooves F F, in which are inserted hard-wood strips F’ F’, as seen in section, Fig. 5.

The set-screw D is inserted in the hole j, and when the cap K has been properly adjusted to the plane-iron I, the screw D is then tightened, so that the nut C clamps the cap-iron K in its position; and by this device the plane-iron, when removed from the plane to be sharpened, will come to the same position each time, after being sharpened, without any further adjustment, as screw D will be dropped into the same hole each time.

The series of holes i i, &c. , in the plane-iron I is for the purpose of being used successively as the iron is ground away in sharpening, and they are at such a distance apart as to be accommodated to the other devices in connection therewith.

I claim —

1. In planes, the cap-iron K, provided with a slot, a set-screw having a free end passing through said slot, which enters the plane-iron, as shown, and a clamping-nut for fastening the screw at any point in the slot, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. The cap-iron K, having a clamping-nut and screw, constructed as described, in combination with the plane-iron having a series of holes, andthe lever A, which enters one of said holes, substantially as described.

3. The combination of the spring-plate E, located in the throat of a plane, with the standard E’ and the adjusting-screw e’, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. The metallic face-plate having longitudinal ribs and transverse ribs forming the throat of the plane, combined with wooden strips, as F’, inserted between the ribs, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses, this 18th day of December, 1882.

WILLIAM STEERS.

Witnesses:
JOHN WILLIAMSON STOCKDALE,
J. D. JOHNSON.

No. 258,988 – Bench-Plane (William S. Case) (1882)

[paiddownloads id=”322″]258988

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM S. CASE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 258,988, dated June 6, 1882.
Application filed March 17, 1882. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM S. CASE, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, whereby a person skilled in the art can make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Like letters in the figures indicate the same parts.

My improvement relates to a new mechanism for adjusting the iron of a bench-plane to a greater or less depth of cut; and its object is to provide a simpler and cheaper device than has heretofore been in use for this purpose, and at the same time one which can be readily and easily operated.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through the middle of the plane. Fig. 2 is a top view with the plane-iron removed so as to show the working parts. Fig. 3 is a front view of the cam which operates the lever which moves the plane-iron up or down.

A is the stock of an ordinary plane furnished with a handle and knob in the customary manner.

B is the bit, and C the cap, of the plane-iron. The bit and cap are held together by means of the screw D, which screws into the cap and moves in a slot in the bit to adjust the position of the two parts in the customary manner.

E is a metallic plate attached to the stock A, for the purpose of holding the working parts of the plane.

The plane-iron is held in place by the wedge F, which passes under the bar G, and is provided with a set-screw, H, which clamps the plane-iron against the bearings E’ and the back of the bottom of the slot in the stock.

J is a forked lever turning upon a pin, K, passing through lugs upon the plate E. The forward end of this lever is single. It passes through the slot in the bit B and enters a hole or notch in the cap C. The rear end of this lever is forked, and embraces a swinging cam, L, upon the rocking lever M.

M is a lever swinging laterally upon the pin N, by which it is attached to the plate E. Upon its front side is the cam L for operating the lever J, one of the forks of the said lever resting on the top and the other on the bottom of the cam. The movement of the lever M to the right or left raises or lowers the plane-iron, so that its edge will project more or less through the throat of the plane to adjust it to different degrees of depth in the cut. When the rear end of the lever M is pushed to the right it depresses the rear of the lever J and raises its forward end. This lifts the cap and carries with it the bit. To lower the bit the rear of the lever M is pushed to the left, which reverses the movements above described.

What I claim as my invention is —

In a bench-plane, the combination of the laterally-swinging lever M, provided with the cam L and the vertically-swinging forked Iever J, pivoted to the plate or frame E, with the said plate and the plane-iron, substantially as described.

WILLIAM S. CASE.

Witnesses:
EDWIN F. DIMOCK,
THEO. G. ELLIS.

No. 231,990 – Bench-Plane (August P. J. Bossel) (1880)

[paiddownloads id=”311″]231990

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

AUGUST P. J. BOSSEL, OF VIRGINIA CITY, NEVADA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 231,990, dated September 7, 1880.
Application filed June 29, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I. AUGUST P. J. BOSSEL, of Virginia City, in the county of Storey and State of Nevada, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is more particularly intended for planes used in rabbeting, but it is applicable to planes of various kinds.

The invention consists, first, in a novel construction, arrangement, and combination, with the plane-bit, of a toothed plate or rack, and a pinion for adjusting the bit, and a wedge for holding it when adjusted; and, further, in a novel arrangement of the handle of the plane and devices connected therewith for adjusting said handle at different positions.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a plane embodying my irnprovements. Fig. 2 is a top view of a portion of the same with the bit and wedge removed. Fig. 3 is a rear-end view.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The plane A is preferably made of metal, and the throat a may be of the usual description. At the top of the throat a, is an upwardly-projecting lug or plate, B, in which is journaled a short shaft, the front end of which carries a pinion, D. The rear end of this shaft may have a milled knob attached directly to it, but as here represented it carries a gear-wheel, E, with which engages another gear-wheel, G, carried by one end of a short shaft journaled in said plate B, and having at its other end a milled knob, H.

ln a recess, b, on the front side of the plate B, works a sliding rack, J, with which the pinion D engages. Near the upper end of the rack J, and on the front side thereof, is a projecting pin or stud, s, which engages with a hole in the plane-bit K, near the upper end thereof. By turning the pinion D in one direction or the other the bit K is adjusted up or down in order to regulate its cut.

The wedge L is provided with a thumb-screw, m, which passes through it and bears against the front surface of the bit K. When the bit has been adjusted to the desired position the screw m is tightened so as to hold the bit firnily in place by the combined pressure of said screw and of the lower end or point of the wedge. By the means above described the bit may be readily adjusted with exact nicety without the use of a hannner, as in the ordinary plane.

The handle P, instead of being rigidly attached to the plane, is pivoted at p between a quadrantal plate R, extending upward from the plane near the rear end thereof, and a lug, u’, in front of said plate R.

A thumb-screw, T, passes through an arc-shaped slot, v, in the plate R, and through the handle P above the pivot p, and bears against the lug w, and thus holds the handle firmly in position. When the plane is used in a corner or near a surface where space tor the handle and the hand is limited the handle P may be inclined, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3, and held firmly in position by the screw T.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. A plane consisting of the body A, provided with the upwardly-extending plate B, having the recess b, the rack J, sliding in said recess, the bit K, having its shank elongated and connected to said rack by the pin or stud s, the pinion D, operating said rack, and the wedge L, provided with the thumb-screw m, substantially as herein described.

2. The handle P, pivoted at p, the are-slotted plate R, and the lug w, in combination with the thumb-screw T, as and for the purpose specified.

AUGUST P. J. BOSSEL.

Witnesses:
D. J. MACINTOSH,
W. COYNE.

No. 231,331 – Bench-Plane (Frederic Kraengel) (1880)

[paiddownloads id=”310″]231331

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FREDERIC KRAENGEL, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF OF HIS RIGHT TO EMIL JETTER AND ALBERT JETTER, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 231,331, dated August 17, 1880.
Application filed April 30, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERIC KRAENGEL, of Buftalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements on a Bench-Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following description of my said invention, taken in connection with the accompanying sheet of drawings, forms a full, clear, and exact specification, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention has general reference to planes; and it consists in certain peculiar combination of parts and details of construction whereby the plane iron or irons are rendered adjustable, and the throat of the plane-stock enlarged or diminished, substantially in a manner as hereinafter first fully set forth and described, and then pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings already referred to, which serve to illustrate my said invention more fully, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bench-plane embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the plane-stock. Fig. 4. is a side elevation of a plane slightly modified. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the carriage, and Fig. 7 a longitudinal sectional elevation of a plane having a single plane-iron and its manner of adjustment slightly modified.

Like parts are designated by corresponding letters of reference in all the figures.

A represents the metallic plane-stock, the sides of which are raised centrally and provided with a bridge, B. In front of this bridge I provide a cross-piece, C, to which is fastened the front handle or knob, D, by means of a screw, E. In the rear of the bridge B, I provide another cross-piece, F, to which is fixed a rearwardly-projecting screw-bolt, G, and in rear of this cross-piece I provide a rise or boss, H, while near the tail of said stock I provide a lug, J.

Within the sides of the stock A, and in rear of the cross-piece F, I place a carriage, I, (shown in detail in Fig. 6,) said carriage consisting of a curved base-plate, I’, having on one end a standard, K, and on the other end a lug, L. In this standard I provide an aperture, a, for the passage of the bolt G, and in the bed-plate J’, close to the standard K, an aperture, b, for the reception of part of a nut, M, engaging said screw G. To the lug L on said carriage is fitted a handle, N.

Within the lug J, on the rear end of the stock A, I swivel a screw-rod, O, extending forwardly through the rise H and cross-piece F into a frame, l’, the forward rail, Q, of which is beveled on its upper surface to correspond somewhat to the inclination ofthe plane-irons R.

The cutting-iron has on its upper end a right-angled bend, R’, provided with a curved notch, d, into which is passed a rod, S, having on its upper end a head, S’, on its opposite end a screw-thread engaging a female thread in near the upper end of the standard K.

These plane-irons are clamped into position by a clamping-plate, T, interposed between the bridge B and said plane-irons, said clamping~plate having a micrometer-screw, U, arranged to press upon said plane-irons.

In the carriage I, I provide a slotted aperture, f, through which is passed a micrometer-screw, V, having its female thread in an aperture, g, in the lug H.

The object of constructing a plane as described is to enable me to vary the inclination of the plane-irons, and also to close or open the throat of the plane-stock by means of said irons, and these results are accomplished in the following manner:

It being desired to close or open the throat of the plane-stock, the irons are first adjusted to the thickness of shaving or cutting required. This is done by turning the head S’ of the screw-rod S in one or the opposite direction. The screw-rod S, having a fixed nut in the standard K and a swiveling connection with the plane-iron in the curved slot-hole d, Fig. 6, works the plane-iron up or down, in accordance with the direction in which it is turned, until the cutting-edge of said iron projects beyond the lower plane surface the desired distance. lf now a wider or narrower throat is wanted I first move the bearing-frame P, Fig. 3, by means of the head J’ on the screw-rod O, and the nut M on the screw-bolt G, both in the proper direction, which will cause the cutting-edge of the plane-iron to move forward or backward, as the case may be. This being accomplished, nothing remains to be done but to insert the wedge T, and then to clamp the irons down upon the standard K and rail Q by the micrometer-screw U, and finally to fix the carriage I in position by the micrometer-screw V.

To alter the inclination of the plane-irons the frame P and carriage I are moved forward or backward, as the case may be, bearing in mind the fact that the irons are, so to speak, fulcrumed upon the rail Q, and that to lower the irons the standard must be moved backward, and that a contrary movement produces a corresponding result.

It will thus be seen that the standard K and frame P form a rest for the plane-irons, and that, as already mentioned, by a forward or backward movement of the same, the size of the throat is enlarged or diminished, while by working the carriage alone the inclination of the irons is altered.

It is perfectly evident that one of the objects in view — viz., the varying of the inclination of the plane-irons — can be carried into effect without the bearing-frame P, and in Fig. 7 I have shown such a device. Here the lower or cutting edge of the plane-iron rests against the plane-stock in the throat instead of the inclined rail Q, heretofore described, while the said iron is carried upon the standard K, the same as in the other device. In this case the inclination of the plane-iron is accomplished by moving the carriage I the same as heretofore described.

By means of this device the size of the throat may also be varied to some extent by altering the inclination of the plane-iron and working the screw-rod S in a manner readily understood.

As hereinbefore described, the plane-iron is adjusted for the depth of cutting by means of the screw-rod S, Figs. 1, 2, and 7, working in the slot-hole d, Figs. 6 and 7. This construction may, however, be varied by fixing the screw-rod S as shown in Fig. 4, and allowing a circular nut, W, to operate upon said screw-rod, and with its faces within a cross-slot in the plane-iron, whereby by moving said nut up or down the screw-rod the iron is moved along in a corresponding direction.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States —

1. In bench-planes, a carriage for the bits, consisting, essentially, of the bed~plate I’, having on its forward end a standard, K, provided in its upper part with a screw-threaded aperture for the reception of an inclined screw-rod, S, said carriage having a slot-hole, f, for the passage ofa screw, V, by means of which said carriage is held down to the plane-stock, an aperture, a, in the standard K for the passage of a screw-bolt, G, and a slot-hole, b, in the bed-plate I’ for the reception of a micrometer-nut, M, whereby the said carriage is moved horizontally upon the plane-stock, substantially as and for the use and purpose specified.

2. In planes, a carriage for the plane-bits, having a standard, K, for supporting said bits, at a point about midway of their length, in combination with a bearing-frame for the lower or cutting end of said bits, said carriage and bearing-frame being both horizontally adjustable, as specified, whereby the inclination of the bit and the size of the throat of said plane may be varied simultaneously by moving the carriage and bearing-frame either in the same or in opposite directions, substantially in the manner as and for the object stated.

3. In planes, the device for adjusting the depth of cutting of the plane-iron, consisting, in combination with a fixed nut, of a revolving screw-spindle, S, operating within a slot-hole, d, in the part R’ of said plane-iron, as and for the purpose specified.

4. The combination, with the stock A, having the lug J, bridge B, and cross-piece F, with the screw-rod G, of the screw-rod O, with head J’, carriage I, with standard K, plane-iron R, with screw-rod S, and wedge T, with set-screw U, as stated.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have hereto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

F. KRAENGEL.

Witnesses:
MICHAEL J. STARK,
HATTIE L. WALKER.

No. 211,852 – Improvement In Planes (Andrew Johnson) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”299″]211852

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ANDREW JOHNSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 211,852, dated February 4, 1879; application filed November 14, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANDREW JOHNSON, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, illustrating my improvement.

The present invention relates to an improvement in joiners’ planes; and the nature of the present invention consists in the novel means for combining the plane bit and stock, whereby a non-slotted bit is held in place by compression of a cap, which is brought with proper force on the bit by means of bolts secured to the sides of the stock. The compressing-plate has side eyes, through which the said bolts pass, and turned onto the bolts are thumb-screws, which may be loosened to move the bit to any desired feed, as the whole is to be hereinafter fully described and shown.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal central section of a smoothing-plane provided with my improvement; Fig. 2, a plan or top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a top view of the bit-cap removed from the other parts. Fig. 4 is an inverted view of the compressing-plate; Fig. 5, an elevation of one of the screw-bolts removed from its position in the stock. Fig. 6 is an enlarged broken central longitudinal section, being an enlargement of the middle portion of Fig. 1; Fig. 7, a transverse section of the plane, taken through x x, also enlarged.

A represents the plane-stock, which has the ordinary construction, and B is an ordinary non-slotted bit, which is fitted on the base of the throat of the stock, as in other planes in the state of the art, there being, however, no key-seats for a wedge.

The cap C is provided with a slot, the margins of which are formed to countersink in the ordinary manner the nut F, which is turned on the screw G, or receives it, that the clamping-plate H and cap C may be rigidly united when required. The upper side of the cap, and surrounding the slot D, is provided with a projection, E, which fits into a recess, L, in the plate H, and insures a true movement of the cap to or from the edge of the bit. The cap C is also provided with notches I on its top side and near its upper end, in which may be inserted a screw-driver or other tool to set the cap from the edge of the bit, the cap being set to the edge of the bit by hammer-blows on the head J.

The plate H is provided with pipe-eyes N N on its sides, which are located so as to pass over screw-bolts O. These bolts are inserted in the margins of the throat of the stock, and the holes in the plane through which they are inserted are plugged.

Thumb-nuts P, turned onto the upper end of the screw-bolts, hold the plate H, cap C, and bit B firmly in the stock.

Rubber pipes or rubber strips R, are placed around the screw-bolts O, for the purpose of raising the cap C from the bit when the thumb-nuts P are loosened, that the bit B may be adjusted, the rubber coming high enough on the bolts to accomplish this purpose by pressing against the under ends of the pipe-eyes N.

By this means non-slotted bits can be used with the advantage of a cap without the objection to the slot, which renders the bit useless when it is worn to the slot, and at the same time the bit C can be removed from or inserted in the throat at the face of the plane, and thus obviate the drilling of the bit by its contact with the cap, as when the bit is inserted in the top of the stock.

I also make plane spoke-shaves on this principle, and they have the same advantages as herein related in reference to the plane; and I also attach my device to planes having other forms and lengths, and they also operate in a superior manner.

I claim as new —

1. The combination of the bit B, cap C, compression-plate H, screw-bolts O, thumb-nuts P, and stock A, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The rubber R, in combination with bolts O, stock A, thumb-nuts P, bit B, cap C, and plate H, provided with eyes N, as and for the purpose described.

ANDREW JOHNSON.

Witnesses:
A. G. MOREY,
G. L. CHAPIN.

No. 209,969 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Daniel M. Heald) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”296″]209969

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

DANIEL M. HEALD, OF MILFORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 209,969, dated November 19, 1878; application filed April 22, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, D. MILTON HEALD, of Milford, county of Hillsborough, State of New Hampshire, have invented an Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification:

This invention relates to improvements in planes, and has reference more especially to the method and means of supporting and adjusting the plane-iron in the throat, the invention being applicable to both wood and metal planes.

The cap, connected, as usual, with the plane-iron, is provided with a recess to receive the end of a cap-screw carried by a slide made adjustable by means of an adjusting-screw in guideways of a plate, f, pivoted within the body of the plane, so that as the slide is moved by the adjusting-screw the plane-iron and cap are moved longitudinally in the throat.

Figure 1 represents, in longitudinal vertical section, a plane provided with my improvements; Fig. 2, a front-end view thereof. Fig. 3 represents a modidcation hereinafter referred to.

As shown in this instance of my invention, the body a of the plane is supposed to be of wood and to be provided with a throat, b, extended therethrough in the usual manner.
The plane-iron c and its cap d are adjustably connected by means of the screw e, as in other planes.

The plane-iron holder f, preferably made of cast metal and pivoted to the body of the plane at g, has formed in it a guide slot or way, h, to receive a slide, i, which is made longitudinally adjustable therein by means of an adjusting-screw, j, preferably a compound screw, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, it being composed of a coarse-threaded portion, k, fiitted to a lug, l, of the iron holder f, and of a finer-threaded portion, m, fitted to a lug, n, of the slide i. This slide i is provided with a cap-screw, o, having at its end a tenon, p, which enters a recess in the cap d, there being a shoulder on the screw a short distance per face of the cap and hold it and the plane-iron down in contact with the portion q of the body of the plane within the throat.

When the screw o is turned so that the tenon p enters the recess in the cap, it is obvious if the compound screw be turned that it will act upon the slide i and move it in the slot of the holder f and move with it the plane-iron and cap to regulate the degree of their projection below the face of the plane.

It is obvious that the end of screw o might be recessed to receive a tenon projecting from the cap.

By providing the screw j with threads of different pitch its power is increased. Such screw takes the place of the lever or cam commonly used in other adjustable planes.

The compound screw and cap-screw being located above the iron enables it to be more readily adjusted than can be the irons of other planes wherein the adjusting devices are below the iron.

The screw j might be provided with a thread of uniform pitch; but threads of two pitches are preferable. This compound screw is lntended to operate on the principle of the well-known “Hunter screw.”

I claim —

The combination, with the plane-body, of an iron-holder, f, pivoted thereto, a slide fitted to the said iron-holder, an adjusting-screw to move the slide longitudinally in the holder, and a cap-screw, o, carried by the slide, the said cap-screw being adapted to engage the cap d, located below the holder, to thereby adjust it and its attached plane-iron in unison, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

DANIEL MILTON HEALD.

Witnesses:
JOHN M. STANYEM,
LEONARD W. FRENCH.

No. 203,442 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Robert S. Griffin) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”292″]203442

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ROBERT S. GRIFFIN , OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 203,442, dated May 7, 1878; application filed April 6, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT S. GRIFFIN, of Worcester, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and valuable Improvement in Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of a plan view of the plane-stock, with the bit and cap removed, showing the back plate and its attachments. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the plane, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the bottom of the bit or blade.

This invention has relation to improvements in planes.

The object of the invention is to devise a means whereby the blade may be adjusted to cut shavings of various thicknesses, and secured to the stock without the employment of wedges or other like devices.

The nature of the invention consists in combining with the back plate aforesaid, having the projecting-screw, the longitudinally-slotted bit, the cap, and the thumb-nut, an adjusting-screw having a screw-seat upon the under side of the said back plate, and engaging a forked offset on the back of the plane-bit, whereby, the thumb-nut being loosened, I am able to adjust the bit to cut a fine or coarse shaving, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

In the annexed drawings, the letter A designates the plane-stock, having the usual flaring recess a and throat a’. B represents a metallic back plate, recessed into the rear inclined wall of the recess a. so as to be flush therewith, and provided, near its lower edge, with a projecting screw, B’. This screw is at right angles to the plane of the said back plate. C represents an adjusting-screw, having its bearings in a female-threaded offset, b, near the top, and on the under side of the back plate, and provided, near its upper end, with an annular grove, c, the functions of which will be hereinafter set forth. The screw C has at its upper end a head, d, by which it is conveniently manipulated, and it works in a groove, e, in the rear inclined wall ofthe recess a. D indicates the planing-bit, having a longitudinal slot, f, through which the screw B’ extends, and near its upper end a forked offset, g, that straddles the adjusting-screw in the groove c aforesaid, snugly. By operating the screw C, the planing-bit is raised or lowered to any desired extent. J indicates the cap, having an oblong slot, h, in its median line, through which the screw B projects. The cap and planing-bit are forcibly clamped against the stock, or rather the end wall of the recess a, by a thumb-nut, L, or its equivalent, applied upon the end of the screw B’. This nut being loosened, the bit may be adjusted to cut a thin shaving or a thick one, as may be required, by operating the adjusting-screw C, to raise or lower the planing-bit. The cap, being also slotted, may be also adjusted in conformity with the adjustment of the bit.

It will be seen that by means of the back plate, its projecting screw, and the thumb-nut above described, the planing-bit and cap are adjusted according to requirements, without the employment of wedges or other equivalent devices, and that the said devices may be raised or lowered, as the case may be, by simply loosening the thumb-nut and actuating the adjusting-screw. This latter is connected to the planing-bit by the engagement of the forked onset with the annular groove aforesaid.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination of the plane-stock A, having groove e in its rear wall, the back plate B, carrying screw B’, and the screw-threaded offset b, and the adjusting-screw C, having annular groove c, and working in said offset, with the longitudinally-slotted bit D, having forked offset g upon its under side, near its upper end, the slotted cap J, and thumb-nut L, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT S. GRIFFIN.

Witnesses:
ERVING F. RICE,
T. H. HAZFORD.