Tag: Boston

No. 984,610 – Dado-Plane (Henry Smiley) (1911)

[paiddownloads id=”677″]984610

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY SMILEY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

DADO-PLANE.

_________________

984,610. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 21, 1911.
Application filed November 30, 1909. Serial No. 530,706.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY SMILEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dado-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class of groove cutting planes usually termed dado planes, and it has for its object the effecting of the improvements in details of construction hereinafter set forth.

Referring to the drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side view of a plane made in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a side view of the metallic part thereof, the wooden section forming part thereof being represented as removed. Fig. 3 is an edge view of the plane from beneath. Fig. 3a is an end view of the blade-engaging block. Fig. 3b is an end view of the blade-wedge. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the dotted line X–X in Fig. 1; this and the following views being on a slightly larger scale than the preceding. Fig. 5 is a transverse section on the dotted line Y–Y in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal vertical section of a part of the plane showing the gage for permitting adjustment of the depth to which the plane can cut. Fig. 7 is a similar view but from the opposite side. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a portion of the plane from a point opposite to that from which Fig. 1 is taken. Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional view of the plane through the center of the grooving cutters. Fig. 10 is a perspective view of said grooving cutters. Fig. 11 is a face view of the cutting blade of the plane. Fig. 12 is a face view of one of the U-shaped locking devices.

The plane comprises two main parts, one of metal containing the operating members, and the other of wood or the like inclosing said members at one side and having the handle 1. Said metallic portion consists of the thin plate 3 from which rise certain ribs and also the bosses 4 into which are tapped the screws 5 by means of which said wooden part 6 is secured to said metallic part.

The blade 7, shown in Figs. 2 and 11, rests against the rib-section 8 and also against the adjusting block 9, being made to share the longitudinal movement of the latter by means of one of its transverse grooves 10 into which projects the rib 11 of said block. This block is moved along the surface of the inclined rib 12 by means of the adjusting screw 13; the latter being turned by its head 14, and held against longitudinal displacement by bearing 15 and the U-shaped locking device 16 located in a transverse slot in said bearing and engaging an annular groove 17 in the screw. Fig. 12 shows this locking device in face view, while Fig. 9 shows a duplicate of the same in section. Above the cutting edge of said blade 7 is a shaving-deflector mouth 18, which, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, is so conformed as to perfectly eject all the shavings ploughed up by said blade. As indicated by Fig. 1, said mouth is substantially horse-shoe shaped vertically, while, as in Fig. 3 it is trumpet shaped laterally, thereby performing the function above set forth. Said blade is clamped in place by the vertically moved triangular block 19, the means for its movement being the thumb-screw 20 turning in the bearing 21 and held from longitudinal displacementby the U-shaped lock 16a, a duplicate of that illustrated by Fig. 12. As shown in Fig. 2, the nose of this clamping block 19 comes quite close to the cutting end of the blade 7, and the entire length, nearly, of said blade is so tightly pressed by said block as to firmly hold it against all possibility of displacement or chattering. The vertical face or edge of this block abuts against the end of the rib 22 in order that there may be no lateral strain on the thumb screw 20, but have for its only function that of raising and lowering said block. To keep the cutting edge of said blade 7 flush with the metallic face of the plane and still leave the plate 3 intact, said blade is off-set somewhat, as shown in Fig. 11, and a part of said plate cut into as shown in Fig 8 to make room for the offset shoulder 23. To remove the blade for resharpening, the thumb screw 20 is turned to raise the block 19 a short distance, and then the screw 13 turned until the blade is carried far enough downward to bring its shoulder 23 out from beneath the lip 24. The blade can now be moved laterally out of its engagement with the rib 11 of the block 9, and then longitudinally withdrawn from the plane. Its return is in the reverse manner.

It is customary to provide these dado planes with cutters in advance of the blades for the purpose of scoring the lateral limits of the groove being plowed in the wood, in order that the shavings may be cut by the blade clear and clean from the wood, leaving the groove smooth and exact. There are numerous objections to those now in use, which I have overcome by my construction. Previous to my invention, the cutter points have been two in number, one at each side of the plane. I have found, however, that a plurality of these cutter points at each side give much better results, and consequently I provide a vertically adjustable bar 25 with four such points 26, two at a side, as shown in Figs. 2, 9 and 10. In the formation of these cutter points, not only is the metal of the bar cut away both laterally and longitudinally with respect to the plane, in order to leave such points in operative relief, but I form channels 27 in the opposite sides of the bar in order to provide cutting lateral edges. These edges 28 are sharpened by a suitable file which can under-cut the same slightly. The cutter points are lowered to take up for sharpening, and also rigidly held in place, by means of the adjusting screw 30 and the set screw 31 (Fig. 4), the former screw being held by its bearing 32 and locking device 16b like the one 16 already described. As shown in Fig. 9, this bar has also to be off-set, for the same reason as the blade 7.

Normally the dado plane can cut to the depth permitted by the under surface of the wooden section 2. To permit accurately gaged grooves of lesser depth to be formed, I provide the adjustable stop 33 shown in Figs. 3, 6 and 7. This is cut into the wooden section 6, and is adjusted by means of the screw 34 turning in the boss 35 and tapped into the boss 36 of the plate 37 which is fixed in place by suitable screws 38. Said screw 34 being kept from displacement in its boss 35 by a locking device 16c such as already described, is adjusted either down to desired specified point, or carried up to its normal flush position, by suitably rotating said screw. Said fixed plate 37 is formed with a circular boss 39 (Figs. 4 and 7) for receiving the set screw 31 already described; said boss extending out flush with the wooden section 6, and so providing said set screw with a metallic threaded member for its proper support. Thus made, this dado plane is strong, durable; its operative members are readily adjusted, cut clean and smooth, and in every way performs its work well and conveniently. It should be noticed that the cutter points 26 are each substantially like those of a saw tooth, being angular and having cutting edges both in front and behind. This enables them to cut and score the wood both when the plane is being advanced, and when it is being drawn backward, thus more perfectly preparing the way for the blade 7 to do its work. Moreover, the cutting edges 28 above described act to smooth the sides of the groove being planed.

It will be observed that by having the angular block 11 formed with a vertical face coming down sharply to the upper surface of the blade 7, there is no opportunity given for the lodgment of shavings against the same; hence, taking this in connection with the peculiar conformation of the mouth 18, there can be no choking at the cutting edge of said blade, and consequently no vexatious loss of time in digging out such accumulated chips.

As shown in Figs. 4, and 9, the U-shaped locking devices 16, 16a, 16b, 16c are held in place by the wooden section 6 fastened over the metallic section, and consequently all that requires to be done in order to take the various screws 13, 20, 30 and 34 out, is to first remove said wooden section, then pry out said U-shaped devices and unscrew said members. To keep the fastening screws 5 from digging into the wooden section 6, I prefer to provide therefor the metallic thimbles 40, shown in Figs. 1 and 5, the outer edges of which are fiush with the face of said section, and which receive the heads of said screws flush with the same also.

It is essential that the surface of the mouth 18 opposite the blade 7 shall be made to initiate in the shaving a spiral form as it leaves the edge of said blade. To accomplish this, I form said surface 18a with a twist in such a manner that the rear edge of the mouth will retire behind the front edge at 18b, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. This twist extends upward from the blade edge for about five eighths of an inch; after that it being merged into the trumpet flare above described.

As shown in Fig. 3b, the block 9 is given a slightly oblique face on its side lying against the surface of the blade 7, inasmuch as the latter is laterally inclined in order to better cut the wood being grooved. In the same way, the wedge 19 must have its face lying against the blade similarly oblique, as shown in Fig. 3a.

What I claim as my invention and for which I desire Letters Patent is as follows, to wit;

1. The combination with a dado plane, of cutter points therefor comprising a metal bar having its end fashioned into four saw-shaped points, each pair of points on the faces of the bar parallel with the sides of the plane being separated a substantial distance one from the other by a vertical clearance channel extending up toward the upper end of said bar, the sides of said channels presenting cutting edges.

2. A dado plane comprising two parts one of which is metal and is formed with two vertical parallel walls, a cutter point bar fitted to said walls, the other of said two parts being of wood and inclosing said bar, a metal plate fitted to the inner surface of said wooden part and having a cylindrical boss passing through said wooden part to its outer surface, and a set screw tapped through said boss and butting against said bar.

3. The combination in a dado plane, of a metallic section, a cutter-point member carried thereby, a screw for the adjustment of said member having an annular groove therein, a bearing for said screw formed with a transverse slot, a U-shaped locking device located in said slot and engaging said groove, and a section fastened to the metallic section and retaining said locking device in place.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing invention, I have hereunto set my hand this 13 day of November, 1909.

HENRY SMILEY.

Witnesses:
A. B. UPHAM,
H. L. WHITTLESEY.

No. 936,085 – Woodworker’s Plane (James Horace Brown) (1909)

[paiddownloads id=”665″]936085

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES HORACE BROWN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

WOODWORKER’S PLANE.

_________________

936,085. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Oct. 5, 1909.
Application filed November 17, 1908. Serial No. 462,996.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES HORACE BROWN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Mattapan, Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and Improved Woodworker’s Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The purpose of this invention is to provide novel details of construction for a plane, that facilitates the exact adjustment of the cutter bit laterally and longitudinally in the throat of the plane stock, enable the quick and exact graduation for size of the throat opening in said stock, provide novel means for clamping the cutter bit when adjusted in the throat opening.

The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of parts, as is hereinafter described and defined in the subjoined claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a partly sectional side view of the improved plane, substantially on the line 1–1 in Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a partly sectional plan view, substantially on the line 2–2 in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a fragmentary plan view, partly in section on the line 3–3 in Fig. 1; Fig. 11 is a sectional side view of details shown in Fig. 1, but showing a changed adjustment thereof and Fig. 5 is a partly sectional view of parts, taken substantially on the line 5–5 in Fig. 1.

The stock for the plane is cast into form from metal, and essentially consists of a flat base plate 10 having vertical walls 10a formed along its side edges, and said side walls having their greater height near their longitudinal centers are curved on their upper edges, as shown for one side wall in Figs. 1 and 4. At a suitable distance from the front end of the stock 10, a transverse throat opening a is formed in the base portion thereof, and at the front and rear edges of said throat, oppositely inclined defining walls a1, a2 are formed on said base portion, as is clearly shown in Fig. 1. Rearward of the throat opening a and parallel therewith, a post 11 is erected on the base 10, said post extending from one side wall 10a to the opposite one, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and being located near the longitudinal center of the plane stock.

Novel means is employed for graduating the width of the slot opening a, consisting in the provision of a wedge-shaped tongue piece 12, seated upon the inclined rear defining wall a2 of the slot a, said tongue piece extending across the stock into loose engagement with the inner surfaces of the side walls 10a. The tongue piece 12 is provided with a rearward extension 12a in the form of a flat plate, having at its end a fork 12 projecting from its lower face and adjacent to said fork a cross slot b. The post 11 is thickened near its junction with the base 10, and in said thickened portion a threaded perforation is formed, in which the threaded body of an adjusting said screw screw 13 is screwed, said screw having a roughened head 13a formed or secured on the rear end thereof. The screw 13 extends between the members of the fork 12b and is provided at its end with a collar 13b which projects into the slot b, so that by manipulating the screw the tongue piece 12 can be adjusted to increase or decrease the width of the slot a. The connection between the tongue and screw, permits the tongue to be readily detached from the screw and removed when desired.

The cutter bit 14 of the plane, is in the form of a flat metal plate, preferably formed of steel and having one end beveled to produce a transverse cutting edge c thereon. At the transverse center, a longitudinal slot d is formed in the cutter bit 14 extending of a suitable length between the ends thereof. The cutter bit 14 is seated upon the tongue piece 12 and the upper end of the post 11, said end being sloped forward and downward, as shown in Fig. 1, to adapt it for a proper support of the bit. The bit 14 is held seated upon the tongue piece 12 and post 11 by a novel clamping device that also serves the purpose of a cap plate for the cutter bit, said device comprising the following details: A resilient thin metal plate 15 having a proper length, and a width that is equal with that of the cutter bit, is secured by one end that is uppermost in service upon a spacing block 16 whereon a resilient hook plate 17 is also secured. The spacing block 16 is a flat rectangularly-edged slab of metal from the rear end of which projects a flange 16a at a right angle, said block having parallel sides. The hook is of an equal width with the resilient cap plate 15, and these plates at their upper ends are oppositely lapped upon the upper and lower surfaces of the spacing block 16, whereon they are secured by a rivet or screw, as shown at e. Upon the lower or forward end of the plate 17, a transverse hook g is formed, that is adapted for a hooked engagement with a keeper bar 18 that extends across the stock of the plane above and in contact with the cap plate 15, and is secured by its ends in the side walls 10a of said stock. It will be seen that the hooked engagement of the plate 17 with the keeper bar 18, will hold the cap plate 15 imposed upon the cutter bit 14; and to enforce said engagement set screws h are inserted in the cap plate and spacing block 16, that will graduate the pressure of the cap plate in accord with the degree of projection given the set screws, that bear on said cutter bit near each side edge thereof, as shown in Figs 1, 2 and 4.

In the post 11, near its upper edge, a screw 19 is secured by one end thereof, and thence extends rearward and upward. Upon the threaded body of the screw 19, a sleeve nut i1 is loosely mounted, said nut having a radial flange i formed thereon, and upon a portion of the cylindrical body of said nut, a thread is cut. Upon the threaded body of the nut i1, a nut i2 having a body similar to the flange i is adjustably mounted and adapted for rotatable movement toward or from the flange i. Near the upper end of the cutter bit 14, a transverse slot d1 is formed that crosses the longitudinal slot d. Below the slot d, the adjusting screw 19 is positioned and in such close relation to the cutter bit 14 that the radial flange i1 and the nut i2 will project into the transverse slot a1 and by lateral adjustment may be caused to have lateral contact with the side edges of said slot.

It will be seen that by a screwed adjustment of the nuts i, i2, on the body of the adjusting screw 19, there may be an exact longitudinal adjustment given to the cutter bit let for its projection or retraction in the transverse throat slot a; further, by screwing the flange i1 and nut i2 into an engagement with the defining sides of the cross slot d1, the cutter bit 14 will be firmly held at a desired point of longitudinal adjustment thereof.

Upon the adjusting screw 19, near the post 11, a lever 20 is mounted and secured near one end thereof, a toe m extending from the upper end of said lever through the slot d, having a loose engagement with the defining side edges thereof, the main portion of said lever projecting down near to the base 10, and it will be noted that a side movement of the lever will slightly rock the cutter bit 14 accordingly and thus depress a respective corner of the cutting edge of the bit, enabling an exact adjustment of said edge to adapt it to have a true bearing on the material over which the plane is moved in planing it.

At the front end, a knob 21 is secured that projects vertically from the plane stock, this being a common provision to enable hand pressure to be applied upon the front end of the plane.

The handle 22 of the plane, is provided with a forwardly-projecting flange n at the lower end thereof, said flange having a notch o in the front edge, which receives a stud o1 formed on the rear portion of the base of the stock at its transverse center. The body of the handle 22, is preferably given skeleton form, that affords a flat bottom wall n1 thereon, which is centrally perforated and registers with a threaded perforation formed at the transverse center of the base portion 10; and it will be seen that if the stud o1 is placed in the notch o and a screw p is inserted through the perforation in the handle down into the threaded perforation in the base 10, the handle 22 will be firmly but detachably secured upon the plane stock.

It will be apparent from the foregoing description, that the cutter bit 14 may be given different degrees of inclination on the stock by an adjustment of the tongue piece 12 toward or from the throat slot a; the cap plate 15 may be adjusted for graduating its pressure on the cutter bit and is not connected therewith other than by frictional contact. The provision of the adjusting screw 19 and flanged nuts i and i2 thereon that are adjustable in the cross slot d1, greatly facilitates the exact adjustment of the bit 14 so as to cut a thick or thin shaving from the material operated upon, and this in conjunction with the lever 20 enables a close accurate adjustment to be given to the edge of the cutter bit.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a base portion and side walls thereon, said base having a transverse throat opening therein, a post erected on the base a distance rearward from the throat opening, and a cutter bit seated upon the tongue piece and upon the post, of a clamping device comprising a resilient cap plate, a hook plate, a spacing block whereon the end portions of the cap plate and hook plate are secured, a hook formed transversely on the free end of the hook plate, a keeper bar secured at its ends in the side walls of the stock and whereon the hook plate is hooked, and means for enforcing spring pressure of the clamping device upon the cutter bit.

2. In a plane of the character described, the clamping device for the cutter bit, comprising the resilient cap plate, the hook plate having a hook on one end thereof, the spacing block secured between the adjacent ends of the cap plate and hook plate, and adjusting screws carried by the spacing block.

3. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a transverse member, and a cutter bit, of a resilient cap plate engaging the bit, a member carried by the cap plate and engaging the transverse member of the stock, and means for increasing the pressure of the cap plate upon the bit.

4. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a transverse member above the base thereof, and a cutter bit, of a resilient cap plate engaging the bit, a member secured at its upper end to the cap plate and having a hook at its lower end engaging the transverse ineniber of the stock, and screws arranged between the cap plate and bit for increasing the pressure of said cap plate.

5. In a plane, the combination with a stock having side walls and provided with a bar extending between the side walls of the stock, and a cutter bit, of an angular block, two resilient plates secured upon opposite sides of one member of the said block, one plate resting upon the cutter bit and the other provided with a hook at its free end engaging the said bar, and screws projecting from the inner face of the said block and engaging the cutter bit.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES HORACE BROWN.

Witnesses:
MICHAEL F. HART,
F. HOWARD HALLETT.

No. 603,832 – Block Or Smoothing Plane (Patrick Shea) (1898)

[paiddownloads id=”536″]603832

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

PATRICK SHEA, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

BLOCK OR SMOOTHING PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 603,832, dated May 10, 1898.
Application filed September 20, 1897. Serial No. 652,271. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PATRICK SHEA, of Boston, (Dorchester,) in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Block or Smoothing Planes, of which the following is a description sufficiently full, clear, and exact to enable those skilled in the art to which it appertains or with which it is most nearly connected to make and use the same.

This invention relates to woodworkers’ planes generally, and particularly to metal block or smoothing planes.

It is the object of the invention to provide such improvements in articles of manufacture of the kind mentioned as will enable the bit or plane-iron to be supported at but a slight pitch or angle relatively to the sole or face of the plane, so as that it may better perform some functions than if it were set at the usual or common angle.

It is also the object of the invention to provide improved means for adjusting the plane-iron or bit, so that its depth of cut may be regulated with the utmost nicety.

It is, furthermore, the object of the invention to provide improved means for holding the plane-iron down upon its bed or seat, which means shall be simple in and economical of construction and serviceable and efficient in the highest degree.

To these ends my invention consists of the improvements which I will proceed to describe in detail, and then set forth with particularity in the appended claims.

Reference is to be had to the annexed drawings, and to the letters marked thereon, forming a part of this specification, the same letters designating the same parts or features, as the case may be, wherever they occur.

Of the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a metallic block-plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, the bow-spring and toat being omitted. Fig. 3 is vertical longitudinal sectional view of the same. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the plane-bit detached. Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the bow-spring used to hold the bit down upon its bed and to serve also as the toat to the plane.

In the drawings, a designates the stock or frame of the plane, which, as herein shown, it is proposed to construct of metal, though it may be made of other material.

b is the sole or base, which is provided with sides or walls a and a rear wall or cross-
piece l.

c is the bit or plane-iron.

t is the “horn.”

d is the toat.

In carrying out my invention I provide a projection e on the upper side of the base G, provided with a vertical perforation to receive a stud h.

The bit is adapted to travel on inclined shevels or shoulders along the sides a of the stock, extending from the cross-piece l to the throat, and is formed in its longitudinal central rear portion with a slot g sufficiently wide to have the stud h and projection e operate therein when the bit is moved back and forth. Near the rear end of the bit there are two cross-bars i i’ secured to the bit, so as to bridge, as it were, the slot g and leave a space j between said cross-bars. It would serve my purpose just as well, however, to make the cross-bars i i’ an integral part of the bit.

k is a bit-adjusting screw threaded throughout nearly its length and arranged to turn in a hole formed in the vertical rear flange l of the bit-stock and at its inner end to be guided in a hole formed in the rearward part of the projection e. Neither of the said supports for the screw are screw-threaded, but are simply plain bearings for the latter.

Upon the screw k there is arranged a traveler on, having a screw-threaded hole formed therethrough to receive the shank of the screw k. The said traveler m extends up between the bridge-pieces i i’ of the bit in such a manner that when the screw is turned the traveler will be moved to and fro thereon, and as a consequence will move the bit longitudinally with it and adjust the bit in the mouth of the base of the plane, so as to make it take a deeper or shallower cut, as may be desired.

n designates the bow spring or holder, which is a piece of sheet metal bent in cross-section in the form of a bow, as is best represented in Fig. 3, so that its front end may rest upon the forward end of the bit and its rearward end bear upon the rear end of the same. Upon the bow-spring n, the toat d is supported, as shown.

In the central portion of the bow-spring there is formed a hole o, backward from which there extends a narrowed slot p, and in the upper end of the stud h, on opposite sides thereof, there are formed slots q, so that after the bit may have been put in place upon its bearings and properly connected with its adjusting means the bow-spring may be placed in position upon the bit, so that the upper end of the stud h, may extend through the hole o, and then by bearing down on the spring and moving it forward the sides of the slot p may take into the slots q of the stud and not only hold the spring in place, so that the toat or handle d may be employed in moving the plane, but so also as that the bow-spring may press and hold the bit down in its proper working position.

Inasmuch as in the operation of the plane the effort to move it back will be but slight and substantially all of the appreciable energy will be exerted forward, the bow-spring and toat will be held securely in place.

In addition to supporting the bit or plane-iron in position so as to render it most efficient in operation, as I have before described, my adjusting means for the bit have been found very efficient and simple, not liable to be disturbed in the usual operation of the plane, and effective in operating the bit to adjust it with the utmost nicety, and to do this in a manner better than is accomplished in planes as now commonly constructed. Furthermore, the means described for holding the bit in place by means of the bow-spring are exceedingly simple in and economical of construction, besides being effective in the highest degree.

Having thus explained the nature of the invention and described away of constructing and using the same, though without attempting to set forth all of the forms in which it may be made or all of the modes of its use, it is declared that what is claimed is —

1. A block or smoothing plane comprising in its construction a planer-iron or bit and bit-support; a bow-spring constructed to bear at its ends upon the forward and rear ends of the bit; and a headed stud, the bow-spring having a centrally-arranged keyhole-slot to engage the head of the stud as set forth.

2. In a device of the class described the combination with a walled base-piece having a projection on its upper face, of a headed stud mounted in the projection, a slotted bit suitably arranged on the stud, shoulders arranged diagonally of the side walls of the base and forming supports for the bit, a thumb-screw having bearings in said projection of the base and the rear wall, a screw-threaded traveler upon the thumb-screw, having connection with the bit and a bow-spring engaging the head of the stud and bearing at its ends upon the ends of the bit to secure the latter in position and provided with a toat upon its upper face.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 4th day of September, A. D. 1897.

PATRICK SHEA.

Witnesses:
ARTHUR W. CROSSLEY,
W. SHEA.

No. 280,175 – Match-Plane (Philip Hickey) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”337″]280175

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

PHILIP HICKEY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

MATCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 280,175, dated June 26, 1883.
Application filed April 28, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PHILIP HICKEY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Match-Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The main object of this invention is to adapt a match-plane for it to be used for the making both of a tongue and a groove fitting each other without changing the plane or bit iron, and also another object is to adapt a match-plane, by simply substituting one plane or bit iron for another, for the making of tongues and grooves of varying widths, but as to the grooves and tongues made by either of the irons so substituted, secure the perfect fitting or jointing.

In this improved match-plane the bit or plane iron is of a forked shape at its cutting-edge — that is, it has two separate cutting edges or blades, between which is an opening of a width which determines the width of tongue cut by the plane and the cutting-blade. The outer of the two, relative to the working-face of the gage upon the bottom or sole of the plane, is of a width equal to the width of said opening between the cutting-blades, or, in other words, of the width of the tongue out by the plane, and said gage is attached to the bottom or sole of the plane-stock, so as to be adjusted transversely thereon, and set either for the cutting of a tongue with both of the blades, or of a groove with said outer blade only of the two blades. The other blade being covered by said gage is thus put out of operative position, and all in a manner to secure a perfect fitting of said tongues and grooves so cut when joined together, and otherwise, substantially as hereinafter described.

In the accompanying plate of drawings the present improved plane is illustrated, Figure 1 being a side view; Fig. 2, a longitudinal vertical section through the plane and gage; Fig. 3, a face view of the bottom or sole with gage adjusted and set for the cutting of a tongue. Fig. 4 is a cross vertical section on line 4 4, Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a cross vertical section on line 5 5, Fig. 1, which is along the upper face of the plane or bit iron; Fig. 6, a similar view to Fig. 5, but with the gage adjusted and set for the cutting of a groove instead of a tongue, as in Fig. 5, and in the preceding figures. Fig. 7 is a face view of the plane or bit iron detached, and Fig. 8 a cross-section on line 8 8, Fig. 7.

In the drawings, A represents the stock of a match-plane; B, the plane or bit iron, made of a fork shape, or, in other words, with two cutting blades or edges, C D, leaving an opening, E, between them; F, the wedge for fastening the plane-iron B in position; G, the bottom or sole of the stock A; H, the toat or handle, and J the gage running along the length of the sole or bottom G to the stock, and otherwise, except as hereinafter particularly described, the same as ordinary in match-planes for cutting a tongue along the edge of a board, the width of which is determined by the width of the opening E between the two cutting-blades C D.

The cutting-blade C, which is the outer one of the two blades C D relating to the working-face a of the gage J, in its position for the cutting either of a tongue or groove, as the case may be, (see Figs. 5 and 6,) is of a width equal to the width of the opening E between the two cutting-blades, and in the use of this plane, as will hereinafter appear, it of itself and alone cuts the groove.

The gage J is attachable to and detachable from the sole or bottom G of the plane-stock A, and is secured in place by a headed screw-bolt, K, and screw-nut L.

The bolt K passes loosely through the thickness of the gage J and a slot, b, of a plate, c, attached to and covering a recess, d, in the bottom. or sole G of the plane, and the bolt-head f is in said recess, and the recess d, together with said slot b, are in a line at right angles to the working-face a of the gage J, and of a length to allow thc gage to be laterally adjusted upon the sole G of the plane for the purposes of this invention.

g g2 are two projecting pins, one near each end of the sole of the plane, and in a parallel line with the working-face a of the gage.

m m2 and n n2 are four holes to receive the pins g g2. These holes are situated two at each end of the face of the gage which is next to the sole of the plane, and the two at each end are in a line at right angles to the working-face of the gage, and at a distance from each other axially equal to the width of the tongue M which the plane-iron B is adapted to cut, and they are otherwise so arranged that the gage can be set upon the pins g g2 of the plane either by the two holes m and m2 or by the holes n and n2, in each instance one at each end of the gage, and when so set in either case have the working-face a of the gage in proper position for working against the face of the board to be tongued or grooved along its edge.

To set the gage J by either of its holes m and m2 or n n2 upon the pins g g2 of the plane, it is only necessary to first release the fastening nut and bolt K L, and then, having placed it by its holes desired upon the pins, to tighten up said bolt and nut, thus firmly fixing the gage in place. With the gage J adjusted and set as described, by its holes m and m upon the pins g g2 of the plane, the plane is adjusted for the cutting of a tongue, M, as shown in Fig. 5, and with the gage adjusted and set as described, by its holes n and n2 upon said pins, the plane is adjusted for the cutting of a groove, N, as shown in Fig. 6. In the first instance said setting of the gage exposes the two blades C D of the plane-iron for cutting the edge of the board, and in the second instance said setting of the gage leaves only one cutting-blade, and that the outer, C, of the two blades relative to the working-face a of the gage, and covers up the other blade, D, or, in other words, places it out of operative position, and as the distance between the holes m m2 and n n2 of each set of holes equals the width of tongue which the plane-iron B can cut, and the width of the outer cutting-blade, C, equals also the width of said tongue, it is obvious that by these two adjustments of the gage, together with a plane-iron having an outer cutting-blade, C, and an opening between it and the other cutting-blade, D, of equal width, the same plane, using only one plane-iron, is capable of adjustment for the cutting either of a tongue or of a groove, which tongue and groove, when cut, will fit each other and secure a perfect match, of course provided boards are used of the proper thickness.

To render the gage adjustable with the substitution of plane-irons for the plane-iron B, particularly shown in the drawings — that is, plane-irons having a different width of opening E between their two cutting-blades C D, and their outer cutting-blade equal to the width of said opening — and thus to render one and the same plane capable of cutting grooves and tongues of different widths, but in each instance, with the use of any iron, secure a tongue and a groove of the same width when the gage is properly adjusted therefor, the gage is provided with a series of holes — such as o o2 and p p2 — arranged and located and otherwise in every respect similar to the holes m m2 n n2, before described, varying only in this respect, (if it may be termed a variation,) that the transverse distance of each of said sets of holes corresponds to the width of groove and tongue which the plane is to and can cut when another plane-iron of different width of opening E between its cutting-blades and a width of outer cutting-blade corresponding thereto is substituted for the plane-iron B, particularly shown in the drawings, and the gage is properly placed with its set of holes o o2 p p2 belonging to the so-substituted plane-iron.

As the pins of the plane and the setting-holes m m2 n n2 of the gage are fixed points, in order to insure the proper locating of different plane-irons in the plane relative thereto, a groove, s, is made in the back of the outer cutting-blade, C, of each plane-iron, (see Figs. 7 and 8,) to fit over the edge t of the plane opposite to that of the gage, and, as the pins g g2 of the plane and the setting-holes m, m2, n, and n2 of the gage are located in the drawings, the groove is along the center line of the width of said cutting-blade; but it is plain that, were either the setting-holes or the pins located differently relative to the position of the plane-iron in the plane, the position of said groove would be necessarily changed. The pins g g2 may be on the gage and the holes m m2 n n2 in the plane, and, as is obvious, these means absolutely insure the adjustment herein described of the gage to the plane-iron used. It is plain, however, that other means might be substituted for said pins and holes, and yet insure absolutely said adjustments of the gage.

The screw-nut of the fastening device for the gage is preferably countersunk in a recess, u, of the gage, and in lieu of the fastening device for the gage particularly described and shown others may be substituted.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a match-plane, a plane-iron, B, having cutting-blades C D, with an opening, E, between them, and the outer blade of the width of the tongue to be cut and of said opening, in combination with a gage, J, adapted for arbitrary and rigid adjustment, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a match-plane, a plane-iron, B, having cutting-blades C D, with an opening, E, between them, and the outer blade, C, of the width of the tongue to be cut and of said opening, in combination with a gage, J, adapted by pins g g2 and holes m m2 n n2, together with a suitable fastening device, to be adjusted, substantially as described, for the purposes specified.

3. In a match-plane, a plane-iron, B, having cutting-blades C D, with an opening, E, between them, and an outer blade, C, of the width of the tongue to be cut and of said opening, and adapted to interlock; with the flange or rib t of the plane, in combination with an adjustable gage, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. In a match-plane, a plane-iron, B, having cutting-blades C D, with an opening, E, between them, and the outer blade, C, of the width of the tongue to be cut and of said opening, in combination with a gage adapted by sets of pins g g2 and holes m, m2, n, and n2, together with a suitable fastening device, to be adjusted for different plane-irons of the above-said construction, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

PHILIP HICKEY.

Witnesses:
EDWIN W. BROWN,
WM. S. BELLOWS.

No. 167,772 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Matthias C. Mayo) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”253″]167772

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MATTHIAS C. MAYO, OF BOSTON , MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO J.
GARDNER WELD, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 167,772, dated September 14, 1875; application filed July 14, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MATTHIAS C. MAYO, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a plane constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line z z of Fig. 2 ; Fig. 6, sectional detail.

My invention relates to that class of metallic planes for which Letters Patent of the United States were granted to Russell Phillips, August 13, 1867.

In these planes the adjustable gage which regulates the distance of the cutter from the edge of the work is supported upon a horizontal arm and secured, when adjusted, by a thumb-screw, the lower end of which enters a longitudinal groove or channel on the upper side of the arm.

This construction is, however, objectionable, as the point of the screw soon becomes worn, so that the gage cannot be securely confined upon the arm, and the tool becomes shaky; furthermore, the sides of the groove in the arm are liable to be indented by the screw, a ragged edge being thus produced, which interferes with the free movement of the gage.

The first part of my invention has for its object to remedy these difliculties; and consists in providing the sliding gage with a clamping device, which embraces the horizontal arm, and slides thereon with a spline or feather, by which construction any shifting of the gage, while the tool is being used, is effectually prevented.

My invention also consists in the peculiar construction of the gage by which the depth of the cut is regulated, this gage extending the entire or the greater portion of the length of the tool, and being provided with a clamping-screw near each end, the plate to which it is secured having a graduated scale at or near each end, by which means the tool is held perfectly level, and prevented from being tipped up at one end, as is liable to occur when the gage is placed just in front of the cutter, as heretofore, and the formation of a groove or out of equal depth throughout its entire length is thus insured.

My invention also consists in constructing the bottom plate of the plane with a lip or flange instead of with a square edge, as heretofore, the curvature of this lip corresponding to that of a portion of the edge of a bead-cutter of any size, the lip or flange serving as a guide for the cutter as soon as it begins to act, causing it to cut more gradually and smoothly than heretofore, and with less expenditure of power, thus forming a more perfect bead, while the narrow edge of the lip or flange admits of the formation of a wide bead with a narrow “quirk” or fillet, which it has not heretofore been possible to do with any tool made to cut beads of different widths.

My invention also consists in the peculiar construction of the lower end of the pivoted clamping-lever, which holds the cutter in place, whereby the clogging of the throat is effectually prevented.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the manner in which I have carried it out.

In the said drawings, A represents the stock of the plane, which is formed of metal; B, the handle; and C, the bottom or sword plate. From one side of the stock A projects a horizontal arm or beam, D, which is held firmly in place by means of a screw-nut, a. Upon this arm D slides the metallic gage E, by adjusting the position of which the distance of the cutter b from the edge of the work may be regulated, as desired.

The gage is provided with a bracket, E’, supporting at its upper end a clamp, c, formed with a bearing, c’, and spline e, adapted to receive and embrace the longitudinal arm D. The upper portion of the clamp c, at c”, is cut through and provided with an extension, c”’, through which a tightening-screw, d, passes and engages with a corresponding extension, c””, formed on the bracket E’ and lower portion of the clamp-beaning c.

The gage is prevented from turning on the arm by the feather e on the arm D, which fits into a groove, f formed in the under side of the clamp; and by this device the gage is held rigidly upon the arm, and all liability of its position being changed while the tool is in use is effectually prevented; furthermore, when the screw d is loosened the gage E is always free to slide upon the arm D, which is not the case where the clamping-screw enters a groove in the arm, as heretofore.

The depth of the cut is regulated by an elongated gage, G, which is placed on one side of the plate C, and extends nearly its entire length.

From this gage project two vertical plates, g h, the plate g having a slot, i, through which passes a clamping-screw, k, and the plate h being provided with a clamping-screw, l, which passes through a slot, m, in the stock, and enters a slide, n, on the opposite side thereof, this slide having at its bottom a horizontal plate, P, which also serves as a gage, and, in connection with the gage G, effectually prevents the plane from being rocked laterally while in use, which would cause the opposite sides of the groove being cut to be of unequal depth; and, by means of the screws k l, the gages G P can be readily secured at any desired distance from the bottom of the plate G, so as to determine the degree of penetration of the cutter into the wood, the adjustment of the gage G being greatly facilitated by a graduated scale, q, near each end of the plate C.

By the employment of an elongated gage, G, extending the entire, or nearly the entire, length of the plate C, instead of a short gage placed just in front of the cutter, as heretofore, the operator is enabled to hold the tool perfectly level, and all liability of its being tipped up at one end, as was liable to occur with the old construction, is entirely avoided, and the formation of a groove or cut of equal depth throughout its entire length is thus insured.

The gage E is provided with a recess, r, for the reception of the gage P, which would otherwise prevent the gage E from being brought up as close to the plate C as might be desired.

The bottom of the plate C, instead of being made with a square edge, as heretofore, is formed with a projecting lip or flange, s, the curvature of which corresponds to that of a portion of the edge of a bead-cutter when secured in place, as seen in Fig. 6.

When a cutter of this description is employed, it is secured so as to project out on the inner side only of the plate G, as seen in Fig. 6, the cutting-points of the iron extending slightly below the bottom of the lip s, which thus serves as a guide for the cutter as soon as it commences to act, and also prevents the cutter from being forced deeply into the wood, as heretofore, which produces a rough and ragged edge, and the bead is thus caused to be cut gradually and smoothly and more perfectly than heretofore, and with less expenditure of power.

Any sized bead-cutter may be employed, and it will be seen that the narrow edge of the lip s will admit of the formation of a wide bead with a narrow quirk or fillet, which has heretofore been impracticable with any tool made to cut beads of various widths.

The cutter or iron b, which may be of any size or description desired, its into an inclined way, t, made to receive it, and is securely held by a clamping-lever, H, pivoted at 10 to the stock A.

Passing through the upper end of this lever is a thumb-screw, u, the lower end of which bears against the enlarged outer end of a spring-plate, v, secured to the under side of the lever, this plate, as the screw is turned, being brought down onto the upper end of the cutter, the further turning of the screw causing the lever H to be rocked in such manner as to bring its straight edge w firmly down upon the cutter at or near its center, the cutter being still further steadied in place by a groove in its under side, which fits over the edge 12 at the bottom of the way t.

The lever H thus admits of a cutter of any width or thickness being readily secured in place, while the enlarged end of the spring-plate v affords an extended bearing, so that the pressure of the screw may be exerted upon the entire width of the cutter.

The lower end of the lever H is provided with a concave or spoon-shaped enlargement, a’, arranged in such manner that it will receive the shavings as they issue through the throat b’ from the cutter b, and conduct the same sidewise clear of the upper surface of the throat, thereby effectually preventing any clogging of the throat by reason of the shavings accumulating above the same, as is the case with planes constructed in the usual manner.

On the side of each cutter is a pin, c’, by which it may be readily inserted, removed, or adjusted.

When the gage E and arm D are removed, which can be easily done, the plane can be ured as a dado, groover, rabbet, bead, V, or round plane, by merely inserting a cutter of the desired shape.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The divided clamp c, provided with bearing c’, slot f, and clamping-screw d, adapted to hold and embrace the arm D of a stock, A, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with the sword-plate C, provided with a lip or flange, s, of the cutter b, pivoted clamping-lever H, provided with concave enlargement a’ and adjustable gage E, substantially as shown and described.

Witness my hand this 6th day of July, A.D. 1875.

MATTHIAS O. MAYO

In presence of —
N. W. STEARNS,
P. E. TESCHEMACHER.

No. 161,701 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (John E. Norwood) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”242″]161701

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN E. NORWOOD, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 161,701, dated April 6, 1875; application filed February 13, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN E. NORWOOD, of Boston, Suffolk county, Massachusetts, have invented a new and Improved Bench-Plane, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same, and Fig. 3 a detail top view of the cutting-iron.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The invention will first be fully described, and then pointed out in the claim.

A represents a block plane-stock, of the usual construction, and B the cutting-iron used therein. The stock A is provided with side openings C, through which the cutting-iron B, which is made with side extensions B’, as shown in Fig. 3, is permitted to pass out flush with the outside of the stock. The cutting-iron B is rigidly fastened and adjusted in the customary manner to the stock, and allows of the use ofthe plane for cutting rabbets, or as a block plane, for truing up miter-joints or cutting across the ends of the wood.

The cutting-iron is set, as usual in these kinds of planes, at an acute angle to the bottom or face of the stock, and with the bevel at the upper side instead of at the under side, as in most planes.

The combined plane performs equally well the work of a block-plane and of a rabbet-plane, and is, therefore, of great advantage to wood-workers as a compact and effective implement.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The combination of a stock, having guide-edges on each side, with openings C C and a plane-iron, B, having extensions B’, as and for the purpose described.

JOHN E. NORWOOD.

Witnesses:
ORAMEL B. SCOFIELD,
JAMES H. BONKS.

No. 153,399 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (George M. Thompson) (1874)

[paiddownloads id=”232″]153399

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE M. THOMPSON , OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 153,399, dated July 21, 1874; application filed June 13, 1874..

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE M. THOMPSON, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and valuable Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings making a part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 of the drawing is a representation of a longitudinal vertical section of my plane. Fig. 2 is a top plan view, and Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view. Fig. 4 is a transverse section, and Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are detail views. Fig. 8 is an under-side view of the chip E.

This invention has relation to that class of bench-planes having metallic stocks; and it consists, principally, in a bed-frame and moveable carriage for the plane-iron, which carriage is adjustable by means of a rack and segment lever and a thumb-screw, and affords a broad and firm bearing for the plane-iron. It further consists in combining, with the plane-iron and its adjustable bed, a jointed “chip” or wedge, which is provided with a set-screw, by means of which the upper and lower ends of the said chip can be made to bear with considerable force upon the plane-iron, and rigidly hold it in place. My invention consists, further, in constructing V-shaped lugs on the plane-iron carriage, which lugs are adapted to enter notches made in the edges of the plane-iron, and thereby prevent the same from slipping longitudinally when adjusted on its carriage, as will be hereinafter more fully explaned.

The following is a description of my improvements:

In the annexed drawings, A designates a sole-plate, and B B the side flanges or cheeks thereof, which, with the plate, constitute a metal plane-stock, which is cast entire. C and C’ designate the handles of the stock, which are of the usual well-known form, and are secured on top of the sole-plate in any suitable manner. The bottom and top surfaces of the sole-plate are constructed with numerous grooves, a, arranged alternately in regular rows of short sections, which greatly reduce the frictional surface, while at the same time they lighten the stock very much. The grooves a’ on top of the sole-plate are disposed between the grooves a, and also lighten the stock without materially reducing its strength or stiffness. The said grooves run in a direction with the length of the stock, and they are preferably made quite short, so that they will not interfere with the dressing of the edge of a very narrow piece of stuff. D designates a frame, which is rigidly secured upon the sole-plate A, in rear of the throat, by means of a clamp, c. This frame D is constructed with a bearing, b’, for the lower portion of the plane-iron G, the upper portion of which iron is supported upon an inclined carriage or sliding bed, b. This carriage b is guided in the frame D by means of lips p p and hooking-lugs l l, (shown in Fig. 6,) and it is constructed with V-shaped lugs j j, which enter notches i i made in the edges of the plane-iron G, and thus prevent endwise displacement of the plane-iron on its carriage. On the bottom side of the carriage b a rack, r, is formed, the teeth of which engage with a toothed segment, which is formed on the short arm of a lever, F, which has its fulcrum at f on standard h, rising from the base of the frame D. The longer arm of lever F is forked, and embraces an annular groove in an adjusting-nut, g, which nut is applied on a screw, g’, rising perpendicnlarly from a rear extension of the base of frame D. By adjusting the nut g, the carriage b can be moved up and down in the frame D, and the plane-iron can be nicely adjusted according to the thickness of the shaving required. E designates what is denominated the chip, which is of wedge form, and composed of two pieces hinged together at e’, and provided with a set-screw, e. When the plane-iron G is in place on the carriage b and bearing b’, the chip is inserted between it and four hooked lugs, d d d d, after which the parts are rigidly secured in place by means of the screw e, which bears on the plane-iron, and, by centrally bowing up the joint e’, forces the ends of the chip hard down on the plane-iron, as indicated in Fig. 1.

I am aware that similar devices have heretofore been used, as shown in the patent of Leonard Bailey, dated August 6, 1867, No. 67,398, and therefore I do not make claim to any device therein shown.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The frame D, constructed with a bed-piece, b’, and provided with an adjustable carriage, D, for the plane-iron provided with the rack r, and combined with cogged segment-lever F and adjusting-nut g, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. The jointed chip E, provided with a set-screw, e, combined with the frame-lugs d, and the plane-iron G upon its carriage b, arranged as described.

3. The carriage b, provided with lugs j, combined with al plane-iron having notches i i in the edges to correspond therewith, substantially as in the manner shown and described.

In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

GEO. M. THOMPSON.

Witnesses:
GEORGE E. UPHAM,
FRANK J. MASI.

No. 143,072 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Cyrus H. Hardy) (1873)

[paiddownloads id=”216″]143072

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CYRUS H. HARDY, OF BOSTON, MASS., ASSIGNOR TO JOHN SULLY, TRUSTEE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 143,072, dated September 23, 1873; application filed May 28, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CYRUS H. HARDY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing is a central vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 2 is a top view of the shield, and Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section through a portion of the shield and wedge of my improved plane.

The present invention relates to certain new and useful improvements, applicable, mainly, to metallic bench-planes, and having for their principal objects the providing of a rest and shield for the hand of the operator, to serve as a handle, and to prevent the friction of the hand against the sides or frame of the plane, as well as to allow the blade to be readily inserted in or withdrawn from the plane. My invention consists, mainly, in a plane arranged as will be hereinafter more fully described, with a curved shield or guard formed with forward wedge-like projections, or beveled prongs, inserted between an adjustable wedge or block and the top of the blade, so as to securely hold or be readily withdrawn from the latter and form a protection and rest for the hand.

In the drawings, a represents the bottom of a plane, formed of metal or any other suitable material. Projecting upward on each side of the bottom a are curved sides b, connected near the center at the top by a cross-bar, c. The bottom a is formed with a transverse mouth or slot, d, that receives the front “top-beveled” edge of a blade, e, the bottom of which rests on a transverse vertical standard, f, connecting the sides b, and extending up from the bottom a at a sufficient distance from the rear end of the frame to give a proper angle to the blade e. Extending upward, in front of the mouth d, and across the plane, is a finger-rest, l. Inserted between the cross-bar c and the blade e is a block, g, the forward portion g’ of which is beveled on the top to form a wedge, and whose edges g” are beveled inwardly to receive the forward-projecting beveled ends or prongs Ih’ of a curved shield or guard, h. The projecting ends or prongs h’ are beveled on the inside, and extend forward in a longitudinal tapering shape on the top, with a flat bottom, extending in a semicircular form at the back, where the shield or guard It extends upward, curving horizontally a short distance on the sides, and vertically in a segmental elliptical shape, as shown, or in any other form that may be desired, to form a rest for and a protection to the hand.

The wedge and tapering shape of the prongs h’ allow of their ready insertion between or withdrawal from the wedge-block g and the blade e, so as to securely hold the latter, or to permit of its being easily withdrawn or adjusted to the desired position, the blade e being loosened from its position by striking against a block or lug, m, at the rear of the plane.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a bench-plane, a curved shield or guard, lt, having beveled projections or prongs h’, arranged and operating substantially as specified.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination of a curved shield or guard, h, wedge-block g, and blade e, all arranged and operating substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CYRUS H. HARDY.

Witnesses:
CARROLL D. WRIGHT,
SAML. M. BARTON.

No. 143,101 – Improvement In Rabbet-Planes (Francis Smith) (1873)

[paiddownloads id=”217″]143101

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANCIS SMITH, OF BOSTON, ASSIGNOR TO JOHN SULLY,
TRUSTEE, OF DEDHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN RABBET-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 143,101, dated September 23, 1873; application filed May 28, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS SMITH, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Rabbet-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing is a horizontal section taken in line C D, and showing a top view of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a side view of my improved plane; and Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section taken in line A B, and showing an end view of a portion of the plane.

The present invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in metallic rabbet-planes, and has for its principal objects the production of a durable and economical plane that is easily worked, and true and effective in its operation; that may be used either right or left without varying the blade, as it is necessary to do in wooden rabbet-planes when slightly worn; and in which a blade block or wedge is conveniently and readily adjusted without disturbing the position of the blade. My improvements consist, mainly, in a metallic rabbet-plane arranged, as will be more fully described hereafter, so as to admit of the insertion of a wedge or block and blade in the side of the frame or bar of a plane, and to secure the even, smooth, and close cutting of the rabbet.

In the drawing, a represents a metallic plate forming the bottom of a plane, divided by a transverse mouth, b, into two portions, which are connected by a curved bar or “goose-neck,” c, on the rear portion of which, projecting horizontally from one side, are formed flanges d and e, one above and inclined toward the other at the front, thus leaving a wedge-like space between them, in which is inserted a blade, f, the upper portion of which is narrower than the wide bottom portion f’, being cut away for some distance on one side of the upper part, so as to admit of its side entrance. The blade f is formed with a top or reversed bevel edge, k, and finds a seat on the top of the lower flange e, which is inclined at the proper angle to receive the blade, which is held by a wedge or block, g, that is inserted sidewise between it and the upper flange d. The plane is provided at the rear with a suitable handle, h, connected with its bottom a.

Reference being had to the drawing, it will readily be seen that, by the arrangement above described, the blade f and block g are adjusted between the flanges d e from the side of the plane much more conveniently and readily than when, as usual, they are inserted in the top of the plane and driven down; for in the latter case, after the blade is properly set, it is very often liable to be displaced by the driving in of the wedge, and considerable trouble caused and time wasted in readjusting it.

In wooden rabbet-planes, the bottom edge of the frame running against the angle of the rabbet soon becomes worn and uneven, and prevents the true and smooth cutting of the rabbet; but by my improvement the edge, being of iron or other suitable metal, is not liable to be worn so as to interfere with the effective operation of the plane. Moreover, in a wooden rabbet-plane, a spur is necessarily made on its side, in front of the blade, so as to cut out the corner of the rabbet and clear the way for the passage of the blade, so as to cut a clean shaving; but by the formation of the top or reversed bevel edge k in a rabbet-plane, the side edge of the bevel answers the above purpose equally as well if not better than the spur, the use of which is, by my improvement, therefore obviated.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is —

The combination of the bar or goose-neck c, formed with flanges d e, and block or wedge g, blade f, and plate a, all arranged substantially as herein set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRANCIS SMITH.

Witnesses:
CARROLL D. WRIGHT,
SAML. M. BARTON.

No. 144,823 – Improvement In Metallic Planes (Joseph F. Baldwin) (1873)

[paiddownloads id=”220″]144823

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOSEPH F. BALDWIN, OF BOSTON, ASSIGNOR TO JOHN SULLY, TRUSTEE, OF DEDHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN METALLIC PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 144,823, dated November 25, 1873; application filed June 7, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH F. BALDWIN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Metallic Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a central vertical longitudinal section of my improved bench-plane. Fig. 2 is a top view of the plane-wedge.

The present invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in bench-planes, particularly applicable to metallic planes, and having for their principal objects the providing of a simple and convenient means of regulating, so as to vary, the cut of the plan-iron. My improvements consist, mainly, in a metallic or other suitable carriage, arranged and operated, as will be hereinafter more fully described, to travel on an inclined screw-rod, and raise or lower the plane-iron so as to vary its cut, as desired.

In the drawings, a represents the bottom, and b the sides, of the plane. c is the mouth, forward of which is an upright transverse plate or finger -bar, d. The bottom a has formed on, or attached to, the top in the center a boss, e, that tapers upward to receive and hold one end of an inclined rod, s, which extends upward through a transverse vertical plate, f connecting the two sides b at the rear of the center of the plane, and notched on the top at the center to allow of the forward and back inclined travel of a metallic or other suitable carriage, g, formed at the top end with a downward-extending flange, g’, bifurcated at the end to straddle a screw-nut, h, formed with a groove, g”, to receive and hold the flanged end g’, and having female screw-threads that mesh with male screw-threads formed on the upper portion of the inclined rod s, which receives on its smooth or lower portion, so as to allow the travel of a flange, i, that depends from the under side of the lower or forward portion of the carriage, g, which is provided on the top near the lower end with an upward-extending stem, k, that fits into an aperture, l’, formed in the iron, l, which may, if desired, be supplied with one or more supplementary apertures, l”, to allow of the wear of the iron, which may thus be placed either higher or lower on the carriage g. The sides b are formed with, or have attached to them, at a suitable distance above, and at the rear of the mouth, lugs m, between the bottom of which and the top of the iron l is inserted the lower portion of a metallic or other suitable wedge, n, the bottom of which is countersunk, and at the upper portion is made open, as shown in Fig. 2, leaving its sides n” to project rearward and upward to form a curved shield, n’. The top edge of the wedge proper is curved, as shown at o, Fig. 2, and formed in the center with a screw-socket, q, that receives a thumb-screw, p, that is operated against the top of the iron l, so as to raise the upper end of the wedge n, which, acting as a lever, with the lugs m as a fulcrum, causes the bottom of the wedge to bear firmly on the top of the lower end of the iron l, which is thus securely held in position; or, by loosening the screw p the iron l is released, so as to allow of its being raised or lowered to suit the desired cut, or to be withdrawn for sharpening or replacement, &c.

It will readily be seen by the above description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, that the screw-nut h, turning on the screw-end of the rod s, carries the carriage g, connected with the rod s and nut h by the flanges g’ i, up and down, thus raising or lowering, according to the direction in which the nut is turned, the iron l, which is connected by the stem k with the carriage, by whose operation it is thus readily adjusted to the desired cut.

In a large plane the extended sides n” and the shield portion of the wedge are dispensed with, and the curved top portion of the wedge is extended and formed in the shape shown in Fig. 4, with a central screw-socket, q, for the reception of a screw, p.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is —

The carriage g, provided with the flanges g’ i and stem k, in combination with the plane-iron l having orifices l’ l”, the nut h having the groove g”, and the screw-rod s, all arranged and operating substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOSEPH F. BALDWIN.

Witnesses:
SAML. M. BARTON,
CARROLL D. WRIGHT.

No. 129,695 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Thomas Vaughan) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”201″]129695

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS VAUGHAN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 129,695, dated July 23, 1872.

_________________

Specification describing certain Improvements in Bench-Planes, invented by THOMAS VAUGHAN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts.

My invention relates to a metallic shoe, into which the wooden body of the plane is fitted and secured by means of cement, said shoe being strengthened by ribs before and behind the cutter, and having grooves or flutings cut in various places upon its inner sides to hold the cement.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a plan of the shoe, showing its shape, &c. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same, the shape and position of the plane being shown by dotted lines.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

a is the bottom of the shoe. a’ a’ are the sides and ends. In is the rib in front of the cutter. c is the rib behind the cutter. d is the opening for the cutter. e e e are flutings or grooves in the sides a’ a’.

This shoe is made of malleable cast-iron, and the body of the plane is cut away so as to fit into the shoe. The plane is secured therein by means of prepared cement, the flutings e e being for the purpose of more thoroughly fastening it, the cement filling into them. The ribs b c are intended to strengthen the shoe, and are very important, as it would without them be very liable to break when meeting with a fall from a considerable height. The casting throughout is of uniform thickness, (probably one~eighth of an inch ,) which gives the plane good proportionate weight. In planes made with my shoe I shall construct the cutter of gaged or uniform thickness throughout, so that the opening d shall retain its size and appearance as the cutter wears off. The cutter will also be secured by a wedge in the ordinary way. My plane (having the shoe) will “clean up” the hardest veneer without requiring a scraper, a few rubs with sand-paper being sufficient for any wood requiring the best French polish even.

A plane made as above-described, and having my shoe, costs about one-half as much as planes now in the market and purporting to do similar work. The wear is, of course, unlimited. The general shape of my shoe may be altered, of course, to fit different planes, such as block-planes; but the other features of the invention will be substantially unaltered.

I do not claim as my invention an iron or entirely metallic plane, but my shoe, in which is set a wooden plane, constructed as above described.

Having thus fully described , my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination and arrangement of tl shoe and sides and ends thereof a a’, ribs b c, and flutings e e, substantially as above described, and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

THOMAS VAUGHAN.

Witnesses:
HENRY W. WILLIAMS,
E. H. OBER.

No. 131,959 – Improvement In Match-Planes (Charles E. Marshall) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”203″]131959

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES E. MARSHALL, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN MATCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 131,959, dated October 8, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. MARSHALL, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Match-Planes; and do hereby declare that the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, hereinafter referred to, forms a full and exact specification of the same, wherein I have set forth the nature of my said improvement, by which my invention may be distinguished from others of a similar class, together with such parts as I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent.

My invention relates to that class of wood-working implements made use of for cutting grooves and tongues, commonly known as matching-planes; and the nature thereof consists in certain modifications and improvements in the details of the construction of the same, hereinafter described and shown.

In the accompanying plate of drawing, which illustrates my invention and forms a part of the specification thereof, corresponding parts are illustrated by similar letters.

Figure 1 is a view of the implement in perspective. Fig. 2 illustrates the position of the curvilinear projection or support for the left hand. Fig.3 is a detached view of the clamping apparatus.

The construction and operation of my invention are as follows: In the drawing referred to, letter A designates the tonguing, and B the grooving, edge, either of which may be used at will by merely reversing the direction of the plane — that is to say, when the tonguing-edge is used the right hand is applied to the handle C, and when the grooving-edge is made use of the right hand seizes the handle C’. The curvilinear projection D may be used with equal facility as a rest for the left hand, whichever edge is made use of. The diagonal support F of the blades H and I forms an angle of forty-five degrees with the edges of the plane, and is cast solid therewith. The blades or cutters are held in position by the clamps K K’, which are pivoted to the frame and operated by the thumb-screws L L’, as is clearly shown in Fig. 3.

Having thus described my invention, I will state what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent in the following clause — that is to say, I claim —

1. A reversible plane, provided with handles and a curvilinear rest, as described, so arranged that either edge of the plane may be operated with equal facility.

2. In a reversible plane, the combination of the diagonal rest, the cutters, and the clamps, all operating together, as and for the purposes described.

In witness whereof, I have subscribed my name hereto this 18th day of May, 1872.

CHARLES E. MARSHALL.

Witnesses;
TIMOTHY F. BOWE,
JOHN WATERS.

No. 135,046 – Improvement In Molding-Planes (Alexander S. Robertson) (1873)

[paiddownloads id=”206″]135046

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALEXANDER S. ROBERTSON, OF BOSTON , MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF
ONE-THIRD HIS RIGHT TO JOHN M. BEALS OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN MOLDING-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 135,046, dated January 21, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER S. ROBERTSON, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Molding-Planes for Carpenters’ and Joiners’ use, of which the following is a specification:

As bead-molding tools are now constructed it is necessary to have a separate tool for every desired size of bead-molding, making it necessary for the workman to have some ten or twelve tools of this kind. These several tools occupy quite a large space in a carpenter’s tool-chest, and add considerably to the cost of his kit.

The object of my invention is the production of a single tool which can accomplish all that the ten or a dozen now in use can do, and also which can be used successfully to stick bead-moldings on a curved surface, and be worked either right or left handed. My invention consists in the use of adjustable cylindrical cutters, or cutters having a rounded under surface, set in the side of a suitable stock in such a manner that the side of the stock shall serve as a gage or guide, one of said cutters being so formed as to out the quirk and one-half the circular surface of the bead, while another cutter cuts the other half of the circular surface of the bead, the first-mentioned cutter being so applied to the stock that it may be adjusted so as to project a greater or a less distance fromthe face or side of the stock. It also consists in providing said stock with two handles facing in opposite directions, and also in providing said stock with a cutter or cutters on either side thereof of different sizes, so that a greater range of work may be accomplished with one instrument, and also so as to accommodate either a right or left handed person.

In the drawing, Figure 1 is an elevation of my improved tool; Fig. 2 is a plan; Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section on line x x on Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section on line y y; and Fig. 5 is a corresponding section on line z z on Figs. 1 and 2.

A is the stock, provided with the handles A’ and A”. B B are plates of sheet metal secured to the sides of the stock to prevent an injurious wear of the stock, and also to serve as an additional support for the cutters. C and C’ are the principal cutters, shaped very much like an ordinary wood-screw, except that the under side of the head is curved to conform to the shape of the bead instead of being conical like the screw, the slot being cut somewhat deeper than the screw-slot and expanded somewhat to give a free delivery to the chips. These cutters may be provided with a screw-thread and be screwed into the stock, as shown in Fig. 3 at C, or they may have smooth shanks and be secured in the stock in any desired position by means of the set-screw a, as seen in Fig. 5 at C’. For ordinary common work the cutters C and C’ are all that would be needed, the outer corner of the board or piece of lumber being rounded of by the use of a common plane, as is the custom when using the ordinary tool; but if a nicer job is desired a second cutter, D, may be used in combination with either ofthe cutters C or C’, the cutter D being so formed and adjusted as to work off and smooth the outer portion of the bead. The cutter D is secured in the stock by means of the set-screw b. The cutter-bar D may be provided with a cutter at either end, the form and size of the two cutters being made to match the respective cutters C and C’. The cutter C is intended to work beads from one-twelfth of an inch to one-fourth of an inch, and the cutter C’ will work from one-fourth of an inch to one-half of an inch; and for larger sizes an extra cutter will be provided, which can readily be inserted in the place of C’. Owing to the cylindrical form of the cutters and the narrow bearing which they have upon the wood, this tool will work as well upon a curved surface as upon a straight surface.

It is evident that a cutter that is semi-cylindrical, or having a curved under surface, may be used instead of the screw-cutter or the complete cylinder; and therefore I do not wish to confine myself to the exact form of cutter shown.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is —

1. The cutters C and C’, constructed, arranged, and operating as herein set forth and described, for the purpose specified.

2. In combination with the cutter C or C’, arranged and operating as set forth, the cutter constructed and arranged substantially shown as described.

Executed at Boston this 27th day of August, 1872.

ALEXANDER SMITH ROBERTSON

Witnesses:
S. A. WOOD,
H. E. LOMBARD.

No. 131,544 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Cyrus H. Hardy) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”202″]131544

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CYRUS H. HARDY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO JOSEPH F.
BALDWIN, MELINA C. PATTON, AND JOHN LULLY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 131,544, dated September 24, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CYRUS H. HARDY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Metallic Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 of the drawing is a central longitudinal vertical section, Fig. 2 is a bottom view, and Fig. 3 is a part in detail, of my improved metallic planes.

The object of my invention is to provide means for the ready adjustment of the blade of a plane; and it consists in so forming an adjustable shield, in connection with a wedge-block and sides of the plane-frame, to allow a blade to be readily adjusted in or withdrawn from the frame.

In the drawing, a represents the bottom of a frame of a metallic plane, the weight of which is diminished by the formation of openings or slots b, which may be of any form or size, arranged as may be desired, and either left open or filled with wood or other light material or substance. The bottom a is provided with a suitable mouth, c, and has extending across, transversely, and upward a suitable distance, a finger-bar or rest, d, of any desired form. Toward the rear end of the frame is a vertical transverse bar or standard, e, extending upward to the height required to give the proper angle to a blade, f, the bottom of which rests upon it, and whose edge is formed by an upward bevel, f’. The rear end of the bottom a, is formed with a striking-block, g. Extending up from the bottom a are curved sides h, sloping upward toward the center of the plane, where each is cut away so as to leave on the top a projection, i, curved on the under side to admit the turning of an upward-curved portion or cam, k, formed by the forward part of projecting ends of the bottom of a shield, m, which is curved at the sides, back, and top, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and has its bottom cut away, as at n, to fit over the top of the blade f and is formed with a bottom frame or plate, o, provided with bearings o’, in which a bolt, p, having a suitable spring, p’, and thumb piece p” , is made to travel back and forth, in and out of a socket, x, formed in the end of a beveled or wedged block, r, formed to it within the curved front of the frame or plate o and the projecting sides l, to the latter of which it is attached by pivots s, or other suitable means, for allowing the shield on to turn over the top of the block r, the bottom of which rests upon the blade f, which is held by the pressure of the wedge-block r and cam k upon it.

Reference being had to Figs. 1-3 of the drawing, it will be seen that, by unlocking the bolt p from the block r, the shield m is, by the action of the cams k and pivot s or its equivalent, allowed to turn over the top of the block r, which is, by the operation, carried up, and lessens its hold on the blade f, which may then be easily withdrawn or adjusted in the desired manner. When the blade f is inserted in the position required the bolt p is unlocked from the wedge-block r, the shield m is turned by the action of the cam k onto the blade f which is securely held by the wedge-block r and cam k, and forms a guard that serves as a support to the hand, the fingers of which find a hold on the forward rest or bar d. The principal function of the spring-bolt p is to prevent the liability of the tipping of the cam is or the forward projections l of the shield m when power is applied to the upper part of the back of the shield. Instead of the bolt p and spring p’, &c., a spring-clutch, or any other suitable device for holding and relieving the wedge-block r, may be used.

It will readily be seen that by my improvements the blade f is inserted at a low angle, which admits of its being readily withdrawn or adjusted, and permits the shield m, which serves as the handle, to be placed near the mouth and center of the plane, and thus prevents the rising of the forward part of the plane, which is often liable to occur when the handle is formed near the rear end of the plane.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is —

1. A metallic plane, having a bottom, a, formed with openings or slots b, finger-bar or rest d, curved sides h, arranged with projections i, and cut away so as to receive and admit the turning of cams k, formed by the projecting ends l of the bottom of a curved shield, m, provided with a bolt, p, and spring p’, or their equivalents, and connected with and operating a wedge-block, r, bearing on a blade, f supported by a standard, e, substantially as specified.

2. The shield m, having the recess n, and provided with the frame o, bearings o’, and cam k, and combined with the bolt and spring p p’, block r, frame a e h, and blade f all arranged and operating as described.

3. The wedge-block r, in combination with the shield m, bolt p, and spring p’, or their equivalents, blade f and sides in of a metallic plane, arranged and operated substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CYRUS H. HARDY.

Witnesses :
SAML. M. BARTON,
CARROLL D. WRIGHT.

No. 127,842 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (John Brooks) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”197″]127842

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN BROOKS, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 127,842, dated May 28, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN BROOKS, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Bench-Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawing which accompanies and forms part of this Specification, is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice it.

My invention relates to the construction of common bench-planes for cabinet and joiners’ work; and the object of the invention is to enable a workman to plane up into angles made by tenons, shoulders, and other projections in wood-work, into which angles the bits or irons of common planes cannot reach, being kept therefrom by the stock in which the plane-bit is held. In my invention I make a suitable plane-stock, with an upright or wall upon one side, (against which upright or wall the bit may be held,) but with no bit-inclosing flange, upright, or wall upon the opposite side to support the bit, the stock or plate being slotted to form the throat for the edge of the bit, and the slot extending out through the plate at one end, the bit being set so that its side edge (on one side) is in the plane of the side or edge of the plane-stock, the corner of the cutting-edge being at the end ofthe open throat or mouth. The plane bit or iron being clamped in position, it will be obvious that its edge will reach into any angle formed by a projection standing at a right angle to the general surface upon which the plane acts. It is in this construction that the invention consists.

The drawing represents a plane embodying the invention.

A shows the side elevation of the plane; B, a perspective view of it; C, a bottom view of it.

a denotes a plate for supporting the bit b, this plate having a vertical flange, c, at its front end for imparting rigidity to the adjacent portion of the plate, an upright or wall, d, at one side, and a vertical flange, e, at its rear end, this latter supporting the rear part of the bit in proper inclined position. The bit is held down by a screw, f, which works in a nut-thread in the end of an arm, g, extending from the upright d. The front end of the bit is supported upon a bed or incline, h, and its cutting-edge extends down through and is adjusted with respect to the throat i. This throat is a slot cut through from one side, or opening out to the side, as seen in the drawing. The mouth or open end It of the slot is in a plane with the plain side or edge of the stock, and the edge of the bit is brought out to this edge and mouth.

It will be obvious that this construction enables the plane to cut to the extreme edge of the bit, or up to any angle made by a piece standing right angular to the general surface upon which the plane is at work.

In small work necessity for the use of such a tool constantly occurs, and this plane effects great saving in time and enables better work to be done than can be edected with the common plane.

I claim —

A bench-plane constructed substantially as shown and described.

Executed this 19th day of October, A. D. 1871.

JOHN BROOKS.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS GOULD,
M. W. FROTHINGHAM.

No. 126,707 – Improvement In Planes (Conrad Jensen) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”194″]126707

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CONRAD JENSEN, OF BOSTON, MASSAOHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 126,707, dated May 14, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CONRAD JENSEN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a plan of the under side of the same. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the side of the plane opposite to that shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical section on the line z z of Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of one portion of the plane detached and inverted. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the other portion inverted. Fig. 9 is a plan of the under side of the portion of the plane shown in Fig. 8, with the gauge removed.

In “matching” boards of varying thicknesses it is customary to employ a “plow” plane for cutting the grooves, the plane being made adjustable, so as to insure the groove being in the required position, different irons being used for grooves of different widths. To cut tenons corresponding thereto has, however, heretofore necessitated the employment of a number of separate tools (one for each size of tenon) which were expensive, and required much time and care to keep in order. My invention has for its object to overcome these objections; and consists in a combination plane formed of two portions, each provided with an iron, and made adjustable to and from the other, by which construction tenons of various widths and depths may be cut in any desired position with one and the same tool, which can also be used as a “dado” plane; the two portions, (which are provided with suitable gauges and cutters,) when separated furnishing a “dado” plane, two “rabbet” planes, and a “lillister” plane.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand and use my invention I will proceed to describe the manner in which I have carried it out.

In the said drawing, A B represent the two portions of my improved plane, connected together by screws C provided with nuts. Each of the portions A B is provided with an iron, a, set at an angle, a vertical cutter, b, in front thereof, and a sliding gauge, c, on one side, operated by a thumb-screw, d. D is a longitudinal gauge, provided with slots e, and secured by screws f to the under side of the portion A. The screws C are each provided with two nuts, g g, one on each side ofthe plane, and also with two nuts, h h, between the two portions A B, and ntting into recesses i i, formed therein, in order that the two portions may be brought nearly together; and it is by means of these nuts and screws that the portions A B are held firmly in position at any required distance from each other. The portion A is provided with a handle, K, by which the plane is operated. When it is desired to cut a tenon at a given distance from the edge of a board, the gauge D is set at a corresponding distance from the inner edge l of the portion A. The distance apart of the portions A and B is now made to correspond to the required width of the tenon by operating the nuts g h, and the gauges c are then adjusted to make the distance from their under side to the bottom of the portions A B equal to the required height of the tenon. It will thus be seen that I am enabled by a single plane to make a tenon of any required width and depth on a board or plank of any thickness, and situated at any required distance from its edge; whereas, it has heretofore required a diiferent tool for every different size of tenon, which was necessarily in the center of the thickness of the board.

My improved plane may also be used as a “dado” plane, to cut a groove at any required distance, within the limits of the length of the screws C, from the edge of a board, by entirely covering the iron a of the portion A with the gauge D, and adjusting the portion B at the required distance from the portion A, when the plane may be operated, as seen in Fig. 6, the gauge D resting against the edge of the board, and serving as a guide, and also preventing the iron a of the portion A from cutting. The depth of the groove thus cut by the iron a of the portion B is regulated by its gauge c, and its double cutter b acts in advance of the iron a in the usual manner.

When a groove is to be cut beyond the limits of the screws C the portion B is separated from the portion A and used alone, in which case it becomes an ordinary “dado” plane, and requires to be moved against a guide-strip, temporarily secured to the board, to give the required direction to the groove.

By removing the double cutter b and gauge c from the portion B, when detached, it becomes an ordinary narrow “rabbet” plane, which is a great advantage, as it has heretofore been impossible to convert a “dado” plane into a “rabbet” plane, on account of the shoulder on its under side.

When the portion B is detached, the portion A with its gauge D becomes a “fillister” plane, and by removing the gauges C D from the portion A it becomes a broad “rabbet” plane, a change which it has heretofore been impossible to make, for the reason that the iron in an ordinary “Fillister” plane extends only part way across its under surface, which prevents it from being used as a “rabbet” plane.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I combine in a single tool a tenon-cutter for cutting tenons of all sizes in every desired position, a “dado” plane, a “fillister” plane, and two “rabbet” planes, of different widths, while but two irons are used, which do not require to be changed in performing the various operations above referred to, and I am thus enabled to effect a great saving in tools and in the space required for the same, as well as in the labor of grinding, and care required to keep them in order.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

I claim the tool as described, as a new article of manufacture.

Witness my hand this 5th day of March, A.D. 1872.

CONRAD JENSEN.

In presence of —
P. E. TESCHHMACHER,
W. J. CAMBRIDGE.

No. 120,212 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Russell Phillips) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”188″]120212

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

RUSSELL PHILLIPS, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 120,212, dated October 24, 1871.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUSSELL PHILLIPS, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have made an invention of certain Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes; and do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, due reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a plan; Fig. 2, a front elevation; Figs. 3 and 4, opposite side views; and Figs. 5 and 6, vertical sections of a combination plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 7 is a transverse section of the adjustable scoring-spurs, to be hereinafter explained; and Fig. 8, a vertical section of the key of the outermost plow-plane and the device for adjusting the same; Fig. 9, a longitudinal section of the device tor clamping the cutter of the rabbeting-plane, which will be duly explained in the context.

This invention may be considered an improvement upon that for which Letters Patent of the United States have already been issued to me. I have in this instance, as in the former, called the instrument a combination plane, since it embodies three planes of different natures, either of which may be used alone to perform its ordinary functions, if desired, while in the general combination provision is made whereby the three or two of the three planes maybe adapted to execute work unattainable by one, while still further either plane may be removed from connection with its neighbor and used as an independent tool to perform its own individual duty.

The primary elements of this combination consist, first, of a central cross-grooving and plow-plane, such central portion carrying the handle of the combination implement and supporting upon either side, in an adjustable manner, the two other primary elements of the combination, which are a rabbeting-plane and a second cross-grooving and plow-plane, the implement as a whole being susceptible of cutting the tongue and groove in matching stuff, of cutting narrow or extremely wide cross-channels or longitudinal grooves, of performing all the functions of a rabbeting-plane, and finally, of reducing wood to a certain form. in executing moldings by hand, by which much of the labor of roughing out the molding is avoided.

In the drawing accompanying and illustrating this description of my invention, A denotes a metallic rabbeting-plane, substantially of ordinary production with the exception of the absence of a handle and the employinent of a. thumb-guard or hand-rest, B, erected upon its side, the said rabbeting-plane being further distinguished from others of its class by the addition to its under side of an adjustable gauge, D, which converts it into a style of plane known as a “filister”-plane, or those in which the width of the rabbet cut by the tool is governed at pleasure, this gauge being pendent from and controlled by a horizontal arm, a, extending laterally below the plane-bed or plate, which arm in turn is mounted and slides freely upon a rod or bar, b, affixed to and departing laterally from the outer edge of the said plane-bed, and is provided with a set-screw, whereby the two may be clamped together when the desired position of the gauge is insured. Each end ofthe gauge D overlaps the upper edge of that of the plane-bed in order to insure a steady position and relieve the arm a and rod b of the thrusts and strain to which they would be otherwise subjected. A movement of the gauge D to and fro of the plane A with respect to the inner side or the latter determines the width of the cut effected by the iron E of such plane. The plane A is suspended at its outer forward part from a furcated or slotted hanger, F, which is mounted upon and depends from two horizontal parallel rods, G G’, the hanger sliding freely upon such rods, and a set-screw being combined both with the hanger and rods and the plane A, by which both the height and lateral position of such plane with respect to the central plow-plane are varied and determined. This last-named plow-plane, shown at L in the drawing, is the central member of the combination, and bears at rear end the handle H of the combination instrument, such plow-plane being virtually of ordinary construction and composed of an upright blade or sword, c, and a narrow shelf, d, at top, the iron or cutter of this plane being shown at e, while the two horizontal rods or supports G G’ before named depart laterally from this shelf at or near the forward end of the plane, as represented. The second and outermost cross-grooving plane is shown at I in the drawing as simply an upright thin blade or fence, J, carrying in the ordinary manner a cutter, K, this plane I being mounted upon and sliding to and fro of two horizontal lateral guides or rods, f f which extend from the outer side of the central plane I, the said plane being provided with a set-screw, whereby its position upon its guide-bar and its relation to the central plane L are determined. The said plane I serves as a valuable adjunct to the central plane L, inasmuch as the two together are susceptible of cutting a very wide cross-groove, while also, and detached from the other, such plane I is an entirety in itself and is an ordinary cross-groove plane. The scoring-spurs of the central plane L are shown at g g, as disposed at the forward end of such plane and affixed each to a vertical flat plate, h, the two plates overlapping each other and being situated within an orifice, i, created in the sword c and below the shelf d and at right angles to the longest plane of such sword, and remaining upon opposite sides of said sword, and consequently of the cutting-iron carried by it. Each plate h is prolonged into a vertical post, j, while disposed between these posts, and screwing through each, is a right-and-left-threaded screw, by turning which in one or the other direction the spurs are caused to approach to or recede from one another, and thus adapt them to a cutter of any width. In order to adapt the two spurs bodily together to the position of the cutter — that is, to bring the whole into alignment with the general plane of the sword c –I employ a set-screw, l, which enters the orifice i before named and serves to clamp the two spurs firmly into place together at any desired point transversely of the sword and with respect to the cutting-iron e. The cutter-iron E of the rabbeting-plane A is clamped in position upon its bed in by a cap-plate, M, to the under side of which one end of a lever, n, is pivoted, the fulcrum of this lever being a short post, o, erected upon the base of the plane and immediately in rear of the iron E, while screwing downward through the outer and longer arm p of this lever, and abutting again st the said base, is a screw, q, as shown in the drawing. Turning the screw in one direction elevates the longer arm p of the lever and forces the cap-plate M upon the plane-iron E with a powerful pressure, and confines the latter securely in place upon its bed. Reversing the motion of the screw relaxes the pressure upon the parts and permits the adjustment or removal of the cutter. The key of the central plow-plane, which confines its cutter in place, is shown at c in the drawing as a tapering or wedge-shaped block disposed between the cutter and the abutment S, making part of the shelf d hereinbefore mentioned, and the vertical movements of this key in tightening or loosening the cutter are effected by a right-and-left screw, t, which screws at one end into the abutment s and at the other through an arm, u, which constitutes the upper termination of the said key. A turn of the screw in one direction elevates and in the opposite direction lowers the key r, and the action of such key upon the cutter will be at once understood. The depth-gauge of the central plane L is shown at u as a flat horizontal plate, v, :making part of an upright bar, w, which in turn is suspended in an adjustable manner irom a carriage, x, this carriage being supported and sliding within horizontal ways or guides y y formed in the upper forward part of the sword of the plane or the shelf d, making part thereof. The carriage x and the bar u’ of the depth-gauge have each an outstanding lateral shelf, z or z’, the two being disposed opposite each other, while passing through these two shelves is a right-and-left-threaded screw, a’, by means of which the depth of the gauge with respect to the sword and cutter of the plane may be adjusted. It will be observed that the depth-gauge u may be, if desired, fixed immovably to either side thereof.

In the above combination of parts, by lowering the rabbeting-plane A it may be made to serve as a guide or stop to the central or outer plow-planes, or both combined, when used in matching stuff or other purposes, while, as before observed, such plane disposed below the base of the central plane and operating with its adjustable gauge D enables two rabbets to be cut at one and the same time, which will be found of great service in cutting uncommon or irregular moldings by hand, and in exceptional cases in tonguing and grooving. The simple and efficient mode of applying the gauge D to the rabbeting-plane enables its adjustment to be effected instantly, and secures it very firmly to the base of the plane, while it may be made to perform the office of a gauge or guide to either the rabbeting-plane carrying it or to the central plow-plane. The adjustable method of combining the rabbeting-plane and the outer prong-plane with the central plow-plane, as herein shown, enables the combination implement to be set immediately to the proper gauge for cutting the tongue and groove in matching stuff.

I claim —

1. The combination, with the central plane L, of the rabbeting-plane A attached to said central plane in the manner and by means herein shown and described, in order to adjust it both vertically and horizontally in relation thereto.

2. The combination of the three planes A, I, and L in the manner shown and described, so that either or both of the latter two planes may be removed from the former for the purposes stated.

3. The combination, with the plane A, of the adjustable gauge D and the rod or support b under the arrangement shown and set forth.

4. The combination, with the plane L, of the spurs applied thereto in the manner shown and described, to allow them to be adjusted separately or jointly with respect to the cutter of the plane.

5. The combination, with the plane A and its cutter-iron, of the lever n, pivoted to the cap-plate m, inlcrumed to the post o, and provided with the elevating device q, substantially as herein shown and set forth.

6. The combination, with the clamping-key, of the plow-plane I and its abutment of the right-and-left-threaded screw t, in the manner and for the purposes shown and set forth.

RUSSELL PHILLIPS.

Witnesses:
FREDERICK CURTIS,
WILLIAM KEEFE.

No. 112,218 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (James Raymond Brown And William Brown) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”180″]112218

United States Patent Office.

JAMES RAYMOND BROWN AND WILLIAM BROWN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 112,218, dated February 28, 1871.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To all to whom these presents shall come:

Be it known that we, JAMES RAYMOND BROWN and WILLIAM BROWN, subjects of the Kingdom of Great Britain, at present residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, United States of America, have made an invention of a new and useful Carpenters’ Combination Plane; and do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, due reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a plan;
Figures 2 and 3 are side elevations;
Figure 4, an end elevation; and
Figures 5 and 6, vertical and transverse sections of an implement embodying our improvements.

We have in the combination instrument herein expiained combined together elementary features susceptible of performing the functions for which several independent tools are now required, the advantages which we gain from such a combination being a considerable. economy in the use of space required to deposit tools of this nature, whether a carpenter’s chest in transportation or on sale in stores, or in use in a shop, and enabling a mechanic to obtain, at small comparative cost, and in a compact and efficient form, the substitutes for several classes of planes.

We have embraced in the combination about to be explained devices for rebating lumber for the manufacture of doors and for various other purposes; also devices which constitute a matching-plane for operating upon and preparing boards of various dimensions, and, finally, devices for plowing a cross-groove, the latter constituting one side of the matching-plane, and the whole operating as hereinafter explained.

The drawing accompanying this specification and illustrating our invention, represents, at A, a rebating-plane, substantially of ordinary construction, with the exception that the handle as ordinarily used is omitted, and in place thereof an upright arched standard, B, is employed, this standard being erected upon the base-plate C of the plane, and parallel to the longest axis of the same. This arched standard serves not only as a handle to operate the rebating-plane when the latter is used independent of the combination, but to some extent to serve as a support to the other members of such combination, and especially when the combined implement is not in use.

The arched standard is formed with a diagonal bar, D, sloping rearward, which serves as a bed for the “plane-iron,” which is shown at E as essentially of ordinary form, such iron being clamped to the bed by means of the bolt F, which passes through an orifice in the latter and also through along slot in the iron, the head of this bolt bearing upon the outer face of such iron, while its shank protrudes through the bed D, and immediately at the rear side of the latter is pivoted to the forward end of a cam-block, G, to the rear end of which a turn-button, H, is, in turn, pivoted, the pivot of the former being horizontal, while that of the latter is vertical.

The advance end of the block G is eccentric with its fulcrurn a, and is otherwise so arranged that upon forcing the block to a horizontal position, or there-abouts, the head of the bolt F is drawn forcibly upon the plane-iron, and serves to clamp the latter very securely to its bed, the block G being retained in this position by means of a series of saw-teeth, b b, &c., formed upon the rear limb of the arched standard B, and into one of the notches of which the turn-button H is forced.

Upon elevating the block G- its cam, c, will abut against a projecting stud, d, disposed below it and formed upon the rear side of the bed D, and will lift the bolt F and force its head from off the iron E, retaining it in such position while the iron is being removed from or applied to its place, and in this respect is a matter of great convenience to the user.

The bed-plate C of the plane A is formed with an upright lip or ledge, I, upon one side, which extends its whole length, this ledge serving as a “fence” to the matching-plane, to be hereinafter referred to, while to the under side of the said bed-plate C we apply a second fence or long right-angular plate, J, in such manner that while it is retained at all times parallel to the fence I and the longest plane of the bed-plate, it may be moved to and fro of the under side thereof in order to vary and determine the width of the rebate cut by the iron E, the addition of this fence J to the plane A converting it into a species of plane called “filister”-planes, or those in which the width of the rebate is governed at pleasure.

To enable this adjustment of the fence J to be easily and expeditiously effected, we pivot each end ot the same, by means of clamp-screws f f to the free end of a vibrating arm or carrier, g, which is applied to the upper part of the bed-plate C and pivoted to the same in immediate proximity to the ledge or fence I, the clamp-screws f f playing in segmental slots h h, cut through the plate C on a line concentric with the pivots of the arms g g.

By partially rotating the two arms g g the fence J is forced toward or away from the fence I, in a plane parallel thereto, while the screws f f, or their equivalents, serve to securely clamp such fence to the bed-plate of the plane.

The member of the combination instrument for performing the functions of plowing a cross-groove and for “matching stuff” is represented at k as composed of an upright wooden beam, L, to the rear end of which a handle, M, is applied in the ordinary manner of matching-planes.

The iron of the plane K is represented at N, and the sword of the same at O, being applied and disposed substantially as now and heretofore practiced in planes of this nature.

The “depth-gauge” of the beam L is represented in the drawing at P as applied to the under side thereof and in advance of its iron N, the relative position of this gauge or its distance from the beam being regulated by a screw, Q, which passes through the latter and is connected with it in at proper manner.

The gauge R determines the depth ofthe cut effected by the iron K, whether the latter be at work as a member of a filister-plane or in grooving the edge of a board or plank.

The scoring-knife or “spur,” which prepares the way for the knife N, is shown at R as inserted within a vertical orifice formed in the beam L, a long slot, S, being cut through the body of such spur, through which a cylindrical stud, T, passes, this stud, in turn, constituting part of a male screw, U, which is screwed into the body of the beam L, and so as to intercept such slot, the said slot T furthermore extending into a recess bored in the end of a second male screw, V, which is screwed into the beam and in axial alignment with the former, the conjoint function of the two screws U and V being to tightly clamp the spur R at any desired depth.

W in the annexed drawing represents a second “depth-gauge,” applied to the beam L in manner and relative position similar to that of the gauge P, the said gauge W serving to govern the depth of cut effected by the iron N, whether the same be employed for ordinary plowing or matching purposes, and also to govern the depth of an additional iron, which, under some circumstances, is brought into action in combination with the former, as hereinafter explained.

The member or plane K formed and equipped as last explained, is combined with the before-described rebating-plane A in a detachable manner, as follows:

A horizontal tubular support, X, is passed through the body of the beam L, and at the extreme rear upper part of the same, such support X projecting at right angles to the length of the beam and nesting in a concave bracket or shelf, Y, extending laterally from or making part of the arched standard B, hereinbefore mentioned as constituting part of the rebating-plane A, the tubular support or rod X being securely attached to the shelf Y by means of several partitubular or segmental plates k k, which partially circumscribe its periphery, and which, in conjunction with the shelf Y, inclose it, a male screw being cut about the circurnference of the conjoint sleeve thus produced, upon which screw a tubular and slightly-tapering nut, on, is screwed, and a chuck, n, acquired which tightly embraces the said support X.

While, then, the chuck n serves to firmly confine together or unite the two planes A and K, a means must be provided for adjusting the relative distance intervening between the two, as the fence I of the former performs a like function for the latter when plowing a groove in matching stuff. To accomplish this end I more the tubular support X to and fro upon the shelf Y as follows:

A tubular stud, p, is erected upon the bottom of such shelf and extends into the bore of the said support X, a long channel or slot, q, being out through the under side of the latter for reception of the stud and to permit the necessary lateral traverse of the support upon the shelf.

A long and attenuated male screw, r, is passed loosely through the bore of the support X and screws through the stud p, this screw being secured against endwise movement within the support by having a head upon each end, substantially as shown in fig. 5 of the accompanying drawing.

Revolutions of the screw p in either direction will induce traverse movements of the plane K toward or away from the plane A, the chuck n being; loosened to permit of this movement, and when the desired relative position is acquired, tightened, to insure a rigid and inseparable union of the two planes.

A second support, for aiding in the correct and stable connection of the two planes is shown at s in the drawing as a horizontal rod, projecting laterally from one side of the beam L and parallel to the tubular support X before mentioned, the rod s passing through a bearing, t, formed in the upper forward part of the arched standard B, and being conlined therein by a set-screw, as represented.

The last-remaining feature or member of the combination instrument we are describing is shown in the drawing at A’, and consists of a variable or adjustable plate, carrying a third knife or iron B’, to which brief allusion has herein before been made, the said plate serving as a sword to the plane K when the latter is engaged in matching stuff. The plate A is flat, and is applied flatwise to the outer or right side of the beam L, and is, in general form, a sector of a circular plate.

The apex of the sectoral plate A’ is swiveled to the beam L and plays upon or about a journal, w’, making part of the outer end of the rod s hereinbefore named as partially supporting the plane K, a suitable milled head or rosette, x, being affixed to the extreme outer end of said journal, by means of which the plate is clamped to the rod.

This rod s is formed with a small screw, y, which screws through the beam L; consequently rotations of said roll will compel endwise movements of the sword or plate A’ and its iron B’ toward or away from the beam L and its cutting-iron N.

The rear corner of the sword or plate A’ is pivoted and vibrates upon a lateral stud, a’, projecting from the side of the beam L, as shown in fig. 5 of the drawing. When the sword is not wanted for actual use, it is partially turned upon its pivot a’, which elevates it to a suflicient extent, and it is confined in either this or its working position by the milled head or nut x before referred to.

It sometimes becomes desirable to change the lateral position of the iron N of the matching-plane K, or to so force it inward that it shall not protrude beyond the outer face of the sword O.

The back of the said iron N is scored with two grooves, c’ d’, as shown in fig. 9 of the drawing, into one of which the adjacent edge of the sword O enters and confines it against lateral misplacement. The central groove, c’, is the one which insures the fixture of the iron in its normal working position, while the outer groove, d’, is so situated as to force the iron inward to such an extent that no part thereof shall protrude beyond the face of the sword.

By detaching the plane A from the plane K two independent planes are left, one a rebating-plane and the other a matching-plane. While united each one serves as a member of a combination instrument for performing certain work, which either can execute singly.

Claims.

1. The combination of the two planes A and K and the sectoral plate or sword A’, under the arrangement and for operation essentially as herein set forth.

2. The combination, with the two planes A K, of the tubular support X, the screw r contained in the same, the shelf y, and the stud p, said. parts being arranged for joint operation, as herein shown and set forth.

3. The chuck n, constructed substantially as herein explained, in combination with the tubular support X, screw r, and shelf y, for the purposes stated.

4. The combination of the bar or rest D, the slot F, cam-block G, rack b, and iron E, the whole operating as herein explained.

5. The mode herein described of attaching the scoring-spur R to the beam L, the same consisting of the two screws U and V, formed and applied substantially as before set forth.

6. The combination, with the plane A, of the fence J, applied to the under side of the bed-plate, and the arms g, located on the upper side of said plate and hinged both to the plane and fence, for operation substantially as shown and set forth.

7. In combination with a matching-plane, an adjustable plate so made as to constitute a sword to such plane, and a carrier for the additional or second cutting-iron thereof, for purposes stated.

8. An adjustable plate, which combines a fence and iron-carriage so applied to the plane-beam as to be enabled to raise and lower the same from or into action, for purposes stated.

9. The combination of the planes A K, the beam L, the rod or screw S, and the adjustable sword or plate A, under the arrangement herein shown and set forth.

JAMES RAYMOND BROWN.
WILLIAM BROWN.

Witnesses:
FRED. CURTIS,
E. GRIFFITH.

No. 112,062 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (William Miller) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”179″]112062

United States Patent Office.

WILLIAM MILLER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF
AND C. E. WOODMAN, OF SAME PLACE.

Letters Patent No. 112,062, dated February 21, 1871.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

I, WILLIAM MILLER, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my invention;
Figure 2 is a side elevation of’ the same; and
Figure 3, a detached view of a modification.

The object of this invention is to enable a carpenter’s plane to be operated at a greater distance from the workmen than the length of his arm, as in planing floors, ceilings, &c.; and It consists of a metallic yoke, pivoted to the plane, and provided with rollers and a projecting finger, and pivoted to a long staff or handle, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

In the drawing —

A represents the plane, on the side of which are the vertical flanges B.
C represents a yoke, which is pivoted to the flanges B by screws D.
The upper portion of yoke C is provided with lugs E and projection F, to the latter of which is attached a spring or finger, H.
The ends of yoke C are provided with rollers, I.
J represents a long handle or staff, which is pivoted at one end to lugs E.

When a forward motion is imparted to the plane A through handle J, the upper portion of yoke C is pushed forward, causing the finger H to bear firmly downward on the forward portion of the plane A, as shown in fig. 1, which places rollers I in such position that their lower edges are flush with the bottom of plane A. The plane is thus caused to operate as effectively as if in the hands of the workman, the finger H holding the foremost end down to its work, which finger, being slightly elastic, does not hold it too firmly.

The plane being drawn backward, the finger H is lifted from the plane, and the rollers I are brought downward until one side of yoke C comes in contact with the projecting pin m, which holds the same in the position shown in fig. 2, the rollers I projecting below the plane A, and slightly raising the same as it is being drawn backward, and protecting the cutting-iron when not in use.

The finger H may be bifurcated, as shown in fig. 3, the bifurcations H’ resting on the flanges B, thereby preventing the shaving from becoming clogged.

Having thus fully described my invention,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

1. The combination of plane A, yoke C, and rollers I, substantially as described.
2. The combination of plane A, yoke C, rollers I, and single or bifurcated finger H, substantially as described.
3. The combination of plane A, yoke C, rollers I, finger H, and staff or handle J, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM MILLER.

Witnesses:
CARROLL D. WRIGHT,
CHARLES F. BROWN.

No. 108,586 – Improvement In Planes (Winslow B. Glover) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”172″]108586

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WINSLOW B. GLOVER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 108,586, dated October 25, 1870.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, W. B. GLOVER, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and valuable Improvement in Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of a central vertical longitudinal section of my invention. Fig. 2 is a front view of the bed-plate and slide. Fig. 3 is a front view of the plane-bit and its regulating-key. Fig. 4 is a front view of the binding-plate. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are details.

My invention relates to planes; and it consists, mainly, in the construction and novel arrangement of devices, whereby the plane-bit can be regulated at will and with certainty.

The letter A of the drawings designates the plane-stock, of wood or iron. To this is fitted a bed-piece, B, which is secured firmly to the stock by means of screws a a.

Upon the bed-piece is arranged a slide, C, having a wedge-like end, c, which is pressed forward by the inclined portion e of the bed-piece when the slide is depressed, thereby advancing the plates which compose the plane-bit and lessening the throat-opening. When it is desired to widen the throat to admit larger shavings, the slide is drawn up by means of the lever D, pivoted to the bed-piece B, as shown. The slide is kept close to the bed-piece, when elevated, by means of its tongue c’, which is arranged to work in an inclined slot, l, in the bed-piece. The lever D therefore operates, through the slide C, to regulate the size of the throat or opening through which the shavings pass.

P designates the plane-bit, which is secured to its cap E by means of a screw in the ordinary manner. Through the cap E are formed two openings — one above the screw and the other below. A notch, v, is formed at the side of the upper opening, and in this notch works the toe n of the lever or key G, which is pivoted eccentrically on the pin s, formed on the shoulder F — a part ofthe bed-plate. The shoulder F also serves to keep the plane-bit right as it fits in the longitudinal slot thereof. By moving the handle of the lever G to the right the plane-bit is lowered, and, reversely, a movement to the left will elevate it.

The parts are bound together by the plate H, curved in form, and arranged so that its ends only bear upon the cap. A recess is formed in its upper end to receive the expanded end of the key G, and a circular depression is made in its face, the bottom of which is formed into two semicircular inclined planes, r r, arranged to operate in connection with two similar inclined planes, t t, formed on the under side of the binding-key K. This binding-key is secured to the bed-plate by means of the screw L, formed with a large head, which is passed through an opening in the bed-plate, having a notch or contraction, i, in its lower side. The head of the screw is moved downward in the direction of this notch until the neck is embraced by it. A slight turn of the key K, causing the inclined planes to act upon each other, will bind all the parts tightly together. In order to admit the head of the binding-screw, the wood of the stock is slightly excavated at U.

A plane constructed with the above appliances is capable of being operated in a satisfactory manner. No violence — as striking with a hammer or mallet — is needed. If the throat requires alteration, the binder is loosened by a turn of the key K, and the slide C then regulated by the lever D. A turn of the key K will make all tight again. The key G regulates the bite of the plane-bit, and on account of its great leverage will operate without the necessity of previously loosening the binder.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The lever or key G, pivoted to the bed-plate, and arranged to engage with the cap-iron E, thereby regulating the bite of the plane-bit, as specified.

2. The slide C, operated by means of the lever or key D, in combination with the bed-plate B, having an inclined plane, e, all constructed and arranged to regulate the size of the throat of the plane, as specified.

3. Attached to the bed-plate A, the cam-lever K, in combination with the semicircular inclined planes r r of the bent binding-plate H, all constructed to operate as specified.

4. The slide C, having tongue c’, in combination with a, bed-plate having an inclined slot, l, as speciiied.

5. The combination of the levers D, G, and K, plates B, E, and H, and slide C, all constructed and arranged to operate as specified.

In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

WINSLOW B. GLOVER

Witnesses:
H. R. PHILBRICK,
R. M. LINDLEY.