Tag: Connecticut

No. 338,570 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”408″]338570

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 338,570, dated March 23, 1886.
Application filed February 1, 1886. Serial No. 190,388. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in planes for forming moldings at the corners and edges of various work; and the object of my invention is to improve the efficiency of such plane, especially when a bead or molding of any considerable depth is to be formed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a front view thereof. Fig. 3 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, of the front end of my plane, the plane of section being indicated by the line x x in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detached view of the stock or guide as viewed in looking squarely upon the inclined face at its front end; and Fig. 5 is a detached view of the parts, which are fitted to said inclined face as viewed by looking squarely upon the inclined under face of said parts.

The main portion of my device is well adapted to be manufactured and sold as an attachment to accompany the plane patented to me April 21, 1885, No. 316,079. It may, however, be sold as a complete tool by itself. The stock or guide A has a V-shaped slot extending longitudinally through its under face, and I will therefore designate it as the “V-shaped guide.” The forward end of this guide is provided with an oblique flange or frog, a, slotted at its upper end and provided with a groove, b, Fig. 4, which extends length-wise through the middle of its front face. This V-shaped guide may be provided with the handle B, like an ordinary bench-plane, or it may be made without any special handle for use as a small block-plane, or it may be provided with side handles after the manner of a spokeshave, all as suggested and described in my aforesaid prior patent. This V-shaped guide is in fact the same as the part termed the “gage E” in said patent.

My present invention consists of the device or attachment which I have constructed for use in connection with this V- shaped guide.

C designates the holding-block, having up on its under side a central projection or rib, which, by being fitted to the groove b in the frog a, serves as a guide in seating and adjusting the holding-block in place upon the inclined front of said guide. This holding-block is provided with a flange, d, which serves as one of the nuts for the feeding-screw f. This holding-block is also provided with lugs g, which serve as guides for the cutter-block D. This cutter-block is provided upon its under side with a central rib, h, Fig. 5, which is also fitted to the groove b, andserves to guide the cutter-block within said groove. This cutter-block I provide with a flange, k, which serves as a nut for the other end of the feeding-screw f. The lower forward end of the cutter-block D is provided with the frog m, upon which the cutter n is mounted, and held in position thereon by any suitable fastening mechanism — as, for instance, by means of the yoke o and clamp-screw p. The frog in stands at such an angle to the cutter-block that when the block is mounted in place and the V-shaped guide is in a horizontal position the upper end of the cutter slants forward of a vertical line, so as to give the cutter a scraping action in forming beads or moldings. The nut or flange k is made thin and preferably beveled a little on both sides of its threaded hole, so that the cutter-block may rock a little, as on a pivot, when the plane is being drawn backward, and thereby relieve the cutter from injurious contact with the work. When the plane is moved forward, the cutter-block is seated firmly on the frog of the V-shaped guide, while its rear upper end is held-against said frog by means of the lug g.

The cutter-block C is held in position by means of a clamp-screw, r, the body of which extends through the slotted upper end of the flange or frog a.

Cutters for forming moldings or beads have been heretofore combined with a stock or V-shaped guide; but so far as I know they have been used by first setting the cutter-block and cutter so that the cutter will project the desired depth of cut into the face of the V-shaped groove in the stock or guide in the same manner as described in my former patent for setting the plane proper upon the front end of said guide. This is well enough for forming a chamfer, as the guide will properly bring the straight cutter into position when said guide comes to a bearing, the straight cutter being incapable of cutting beyond its proper depth, even if the V-shaped guide may be rocked a little out of square; but in cutting beads or deep moldings, if the plane is tipped a little to one side the corners may cut into the work so deeply in the beginning of the operation as not to have their marks obliterated when the guiding-surfaces come to a bearing. By my invention I avoid this contingency of marring the work.

My plane may be used for forming moldings directly upon the corner or upon a corner which has been previously chamfered, or upon the edge of any board or strip that may be received within the V-guide.

To use my plane upon the corner of any piece of work, I first turn the feed-screw back to bring the cutter-block and holding-block close together, as shown, then loosen the screw r, so that the holding-block C may be raised to the upper part of the frog a. I then place the V-shaped guide A firmly and squarely upon the corner of the piece to be operated upon and lower the holding-block until the cutter strikes the work. I then tighten the screw r to fasten the holding-block C in place, and push the plane over the surface to be molded, then draw it back again, meanwhile turning the feeding-screw a little to feed the cutter down the proper distance for the next cut, then push the plane over the work again, and, drawing it back, feed the cutter downward again, and so on until the molding is perfected, thereby keeping the V-shaped guide at all times squarely upon the work, so that, no matter what may be the shape of the cutter, it cannot produce a faulty cut. The feeding-screw f is a right-and-left-handed screw, and is well-known as a feeding mechanism. I have represented it as a convenient form of feeding mechanism for this purpose; but it is evident that other forms may be substituted therefor without avoiding my invention. It is also evident that my invention does not reside in the particular form of holding-block, inasmuch as I believe that a holding-block, cutter-block, and feeding mechanism have never heretofore been combined with a V guide for forming moldings on corners or edges.

I claim as my invention —

The combination of the stock or V guide having the frog a, the holding-block adapted to be secured to said frog, the cutter-block having the cutter attached, and feeding mechanism for feeding the cutter-block and cutter downward upon the face of the frog, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
JOHN EDWARDS, Jr.

No. 336,674 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”407″]336674

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 336,674, dated February 23, 1886.
Application filed January 20, 1885. Serial No. 154,307. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Attachments for Carpenters’ Plows, of which the following is a specification.

My improvement is especially designed for attachment to the plow patented to me March 4, 1873, No. 206,507, and March 11, 1884, No. 294,825, but it is also applicable to other plows or rabbet-planes.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of one of my said plows with my improvement properly applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a view of the front end of the same. Fig. 3 is a reverse plan view of the same. Fig. 4 is a plan view of an attachment for said plow as adapted for a convex cutter. Fig. 5 is an end view of said attachment; and Fig. 6 is an end view of a part of an ordinary plow-stock with one of my attachments applied thereto.

In my aforesaid plow the stock is in two parts, one of which — the main part — bears the handle and cutter, while the other part is adjustable on the gage-rods to and from the main part.

In the accompanying drawings only the main part of the stock A is shown, the other part having been removed, in order to apply my attachment.

B B designate the gage-rods secured to the stock A, and C the gage made adjustable on said rods.

D designates my attachment, which consists of an attachable and detachable bottom for the stock, having a throat, a, which forms a continuation of the throat and cutter-seat in the main stock, and so coincides therewith that the cutter E, set and secured in said main stock, properly fits the throat in attachment D. Extending upwardly from the bottom of the attachment at one side is an upright, b, upon which are mounted the sockets c, for receiving the respective gage-rods, the same being provided with set-screws d or equivalent fastening mechanism for securing the attachment in place upon the stock.

In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the attachment D is what carpenters term a “hollow,” and is designed for use with a concave cutter whose width corresponds to the width of the hollow in the under side of the attachment. This cutter is placed within the main part of the stock, as shown, after which the attachment is slipped upon the gage-rods up against the side edge of the cutter and secured in place. The attachment thus applied covers up the bottom of the stock proper, and if properly fitted the farther edge of the attachment will be in the same vertical plane as the farther side of the plane-stock, all as shown most clearly in Fig. 2. The attachment may be used either with or without the gage C, as may be desired.

When it is desired to cut a molding of a different form, it is only necessary to provide an attachment whose under surface is of the desired configuration, and to fit it with a cutter of corresponding width and form.

In Figs. 4 and 5 I have shown an attachment, D’, similar in all respects to the attachment D, except that it is rounding on its under face, and is designed for use with a convex cutter.

In Fig. 6 I have represented a part of an ordinary plow, A’, and an attachment, D2, for use upon the same in the manner before described. A similar form of attachment may be used with my patented plow, if desired, in which case it will be unnecessary to remove the minor part of the stock.

Planes having attachable and detachable bottoms are shown in several prior patents, and are therefore disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

The combination of the cutter, the main stock having cutter-holding mechanism, the gage-rods B B, projecting laterally from one side of said stock, the attachable and detachable bottom having a throat which coincides with the cutter-seat of the main stock, and having also the upright b, extending upward by the side of the main stock to said gage-rods, sockets c c, formed on said upright and adapted to receive said gage-rods, and fastening mechanism for holding the sockets in proper position on said rods, and thereby securing the attachable and detachable bottom in place, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 335,856 – Beading-Tool (Justus A. Traut) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”405″]335856

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BEADING-TO0L.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 335,856, dated February 9, 1886.
Application filed September 24, 1885. Serial No. 179,027. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Beading-Tools, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in hand beading-tools of the class which are similar to “spokeshaves;” and the objects of my invention are to simplify the construction of the tool, and at the same time to make it convenient and efiicient in use.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of my beading-tool. Fig. 2 is a plan view. Fig. 3 is a reverse plan view. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detached plan view of one form of cutting-blade for my beading-tool, and Fig. 6 is a like view of another form.

A designates the body or middle portion of the stock, and B B the handles thereof. This middle portion is of angular form in cross-section, (see Fig. 4) and consists of two members — viz., a thin horizontal bed-plate, a, the under face of which is designed to bear upon the wood being beaded, and a cutter-supporting plate, b, which projects upwardly from the rear edge of the bed-plate and slants forward slightly, as shovvn. The cutter-blade c, having a slot or slots, as shown in Figs. 6 and 5, respectively, and having any desired form or forms of cutting-edge, I clamp to the front side of the supporting-plate b by means of bolt d and thumb-nut f. By “front side” I mean the side which faces forward and downward, and is nearest the bed-plate a. In this side of the plate is a pin or projection, g, Figs. 3 and 4, which rests in the slot of the cutter-blade c at the lower end, while the body of the clamp-bolt d passes through said slot at a point higher up, thereby holding the cutter firmly against swinging to either side, and, in case of a wide cutting-edge, presenting the same squarely to the work. Just above the under surface of the bed-plate a, and in rear of the cutter-blade below the pin g, the face of the cutter-supporting plate is beveled off a little, as shown in Fig. 4, in order that the cutter-blade may spring slightly, and thereby have less tendency to chatter. The cutters are made of steel which is thin enough to spring, thereby forming what may be termed “spring-cutters.”

The bed-plate is provided with an opening, through which the lower cutting-edge of the cutter-blade projects, as shown. This opening is not only large enough to let the cutter project through it, but is also large enough for the shavings or scrapings to pass through readily. The forward part of the bed-plate is provided with a longitudinal slot, which extends through the middle of the length of said stock, within which slot the guiding-lugs h of the gages k are fitted. Said gages are secured in place by rneans of screws n, and from the construction already described it is evident that the gages are adjustable to and from the cutter-blade. If the gage is slotted or cut away, as shown in Fig. 4, it may be slipped by the cutter-blade, when desired. Two of these gages may be employed, one at each side ot the cutter-blade, as shown in Fig. 3; but if one gage would be in the way, or for any reason, it may be removed, and the tool can be used with one gage only, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The straight-edge of each gage is designed for use on straight work and work with a convex edge, while the rounding edge is designed for use on work having a concave edge. For such use the gage is set at the other end of the stock from that represented in Fig. 3, so as to bring the curved or convex side into position to face the edge of the cutter-blade.

By slotting or notching the upper edge of the gages at a point which is in longitudinal alignment with the cutter-blade, as shown in Fig. 4, I can readily slip the blade when loosened over the cutter, so as to bring it to either side thereof without removing the cutter- blade; or I may bring it partially over the cutter, so as to cover a part of its cutting-edge, and then I can use the exposed edge of the cutter for forming a bead or beads at the corner of a piece of work which corresponds to the exposed edge of the cutter.

I am aware that it is not new to use a cutter-blade having edges properly formed for beading or fluting in a stock similar to that of a spokeshave, and I hereby disclaim the same.

I am aware that a prior patent shows and describes a spokeshave having longitudinal slots at the junction of its handles and middle portion, within which slots gages were adjusted, said slots being upon each side of the cutter, and not extending in front of the cutter; also, that another patent shows and describes a bench-plane having a hinged cutter-supporting blade, the same being hinged to the bed-plate, and incidentally to its swinging motion the lower end was rounded off like the knuckles or hub of an ordinary hinge. Upon the front of this swinging bed was a rigid cutter-blade, with its end bent forward, and there was a slight space between the cutter and the lower end of the cutter-supporting plate, but not for any purpose analogous to the construction named in my third claim. All of said prior art is hereby disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

1. The herein-described stock for a beading-tool, which consists of the handles B B and the intermediate middle portion, A, having the horizontal bed-plate a and the cutter-supporting plate b projecting upwardly from the rear edge thereof and slanting forward partially over the bed-plate, the seat for the cutter-blade being upon that side of the plate b which faces forward and downward, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a beading-tool, the combination of the upwardly-projecting cutter-plate b, slanting forward, as described, the bed-plate a, having the opening through which the cutter projects, and the longitudinal slot extending through the middle of the length of said bed-plate in front of the said opening for the cutter, the gage k at the under side of said bed-plate, the screw n upon the upper side of said bed-plate, for holding said gage, and the cutter-blade secured to that side of the cutter-plate which faces forward and downward, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

3. In a beading-tool, the bed-plate a, having the cutter-opening formed therein, and the upwardly-projecting cutter-supporting plate b, made integral therewith and slanting forward, as described, while its forward lower corner at the rear of said cutter-opening is cut away, in combination with a spring cutter-blade, c, made flat or straight, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

4. In a beading-tool, the combination of the stock having bed-plate a, slotted longitudinally through the middle of its length, the cutter-blade secured to said stock, and adapted to have its end project below the under face of said bed-plate, the gage extending transversely to said bed-plate, and having the slot or notch on its upper side at the point which is in longitudinal alignment with the cutter, and mechanism for holding the gage and adjusting it to various points along the longitudinal slot of the bed-plate, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 332,305 – Floor-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”402″]332305

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

FLOOR-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 332,305, dated December 15, 1885.
Application filed July 27, 1885. Serial No. 172,773. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Floor-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of planes which are provided with along handle for use in smoothing floors; and the objects of my invention are to so hang the long handle that the plane will work smoothly without chattering and to provide a more convenient handle.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my plane. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the plane on the line x x of Fig. 1, with a side elevation of its handle. Fig. 3 is a plan view of said plane with the cutting-bit and holding-cap removed; and Fig. 4 is a sectional view through the handle. on line y y of Fig. 2.

A designates the plane, which in its general features may be of any ordinary construction. The seat for the cutting-bit is formed mainly by the inclined upper surface of the two upright lugs a a. Between these lugs I pivot the socket B for the handle C by means of a bolt, b, which passes through said lugs a a and through an eye at the forward end of the socket B. This pivotal bolt b is located as near the bottom of the stock and as far forward under the cutting-bit c as is practicable, thereby causing the power applied through the handle C and stock B to be transmitted to the stock at such a point relatively to the cutting-edge of the bit as to hold said edge to its work, and thereby cause the plane to work smoothly. I provide the handle C at different points between its ends with two transverse handles, D D, one of which projects upwardly and the other downwardly, which handles are to be grasped by the hands of the operator when shoving the tool over the floor in planing. These handles I attach to the main handle by means of a yoke, d, and nut f, in the manner of attaching transverse handles to scythe-snaths, so that said handles D D may be adjusted to any desired position on the handle C for the convenience of the user.

I am aware that a prior patent shows a floor-plane having rollers at the front end of its stock and a long handle pivoted at the rear end of the stock at a point above the middle of its height, and that another patent shows a floor-plane having a yoke pivoted to its stock at a point about the middle of its height, and about half-way between the cutting-edge of the bit and the rear end of the stock, which yoke is provided with rollers at its lower end, a spring-finger at the top which presses on the forward end of the stock, and a socket which receives a long handle, said handle being provided at its rear end with a single transverse handle or cross arm. All of said prior art is hereby disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

The herein-described floor-plane, consisting, essentially, of the plane A and the socket B, pivoted to the stock of said plane close to its bottom, underneath the cutting-bit, and just back ofthe cutting-edge of said bit, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
H. C. HINE.

No. 330,908 – Shuttle-Planer (Lodowick Leeds) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”401″]330908

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LODOWICK LEEDS, OF NEW LONDON, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,
TO BIRDIE L. FENNER, OF VERSAILLES, CONNECTICUT.

SHUTTLE-PLANER.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 330,908, dated November 24, 1885.
Application filed April 6, 1885. Serial No. 161,296. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LODOWICK LEEDS, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of New London, and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shuttle-Planers, which improvements are fully set forth and described in the following specification, reference being had to the drawings hereunto annexed, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my new device. Fig. 2 is a top or plan view, and Fig. 3 end views, of the same. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the plane used with my shuttle-holder, and Fig. 5 a detached view of thumb-screw k.

This invention relates to a new mechanical device by means of which loom-shuttles may be securely held and planed or trued up on one or more sides, as desired, my immediate object being to produce a portable device which may be easily understood and operated, and which maybe produced at a comparatively low price.

The constant reciprocating movement of the shuttle as it travels back and forth in the shuttle-box tends to so wear the sides and bottom of said shuttle that it becomes necesssary to frequently “true it up”, or, in other words, to bring said worn bottom and sides back again to a parallel with the longitudinal center of the shuttle. The universal tendency is to wear the shuttle near each end, leaving the center somewhat full or rounded, and causing said shuttle as it travels to wabble and vibrate, instead of shooting across in a straight line. So far as I am acquainted with the state of the art, it has been the custom heretofore to either true up such worn shuttles with an ordinary bench-plane, or by an expensive machine in which the cutting is done by a swiftly-revolving cutter.

My device consists, in brief, of a metallic frame in which the shuttle is held on centers, and which is so formed that when one side of the shuttle is trued up said entire frame may be turned over to plane the opposite side before removing the shuttle.

It further consists of means for holding and squaring up said shuttle in the frame, and of an attachment by which the plane used may be raised or lowered at will by the operator, all of said improved features being described in full hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings, A represents my shuttle-holding frame, made preferably of cast metal and in form resembling the bed of hand-lathes as commonly constructed. This frame A is drilled at one end, as at a, to provide a holding center for one of the metallic tips of the shuttle. The opposite end is drilled and tapped to receive a strong thumb-screw, b, whose inner end is cupped to provide a holding center for the other end of the shuttle, said screw b also furnishing the necessary adjustment, so that shuttles of varied lengths may be held in the same frame. Said frame is drilled and tapped on each side, at or near its center, to receive thumb-screws c d, whose inner ends are provided with loosely-fitting washers e e. When the shuttle is placed in frame A and held by its tips in the centers above described, (see Fig. 2,) the screws c d are advanced to lock said shuttle firmly in place and prevent all tendency to rock or rotate. Both the upper and lower sides of frame A are carefully planed up, forming ways or guides h h’ for the plane B to travel on.

I use preferably an iron plane of the form commonly known as the “Bailey plane,” having means for ready adjustment of the iron, and to such a plane I attach a metallic frame, C, which is so arranged that the plane may be readily lowered to reach the shuttle as said shuttle is being planed. The frame C extends along each side of the plane, being supported by screws i, which pass through diagonal slots in said frame and into the plane-frame. At the rear end of the plane is a thumb-screw, k, which is tapped into the handle or frame of the plane, and is provided with a grooved shoulder, m, which straddles the slotted rear end of frame C. (See Fig. 5.) It will now be understood that as thumb-screw k is turned to unscrew, it draws rearward with it frame C, which, owing to its diagonal bearing-slots, rises on the plane, or, if in place on the ways h, allows said plane to be slowly depressed to reach the shuttle.

My device is used as follows: The frame A is secured to a suitable bench or table, or is so placed that one end abuts against a bench-hook or other fixture on said bench, The shuttle having been securely fastened in centers a b, and squared up by the screws c d, the plane is now moved across, with the frame C resting on ways h or h’. If the plane-iron does not reach the shuttle to effect a cut, screw k is turned to lower the plane until the iron engages and trims the highest point of the shuttle. The plane is then dropped gradually, cutting slightly lower at each movement until the side of the shuttle is properly trued up and straightened. The plane being now removed for an instant, frame A is overturned, so that ways h’ come to the top side, when the operation above described is repeated.

By thus truing up the shuttle on centers, and without removing it from its supporting-frame, I am able to do the work quicker and better than heretofore, cutting off only stock enough to bring the sides parallel with each other and with the longitudinal center of the shuttle. Iam also able to true up a number of shuttles to precisely the same size and shape and approximately to the same weight, which is a desirable accomplishment where a series of shuttles are to be used in the same loom.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. A device for holding a shuttle while in the act of planing or truing up the same, consisting of a frame provided with cup centers to support said shuttle by its tips, and means for squaring up and holding said shuttle, said supporting-frame being so provided with ways or guides on two opposite sides that the shuttle may be planed on two sides without removal from said frame, all substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In combination with a frame having ways or guides on two opposite sides, cup centers to support a shuttle by its tips, adjustable supports to square up and hold said shuttle on its sides, and a plane adapted to travel on said guides or ways, and provided with means by which said plane may be elevated or depressed, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

LODOWICK LEEDS.

Witnesses:
FRANK H. ALLEN,
JOHN H. KEEP.

No. 319,039 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”394″]319039

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 319,039, dated June 2, 1885.
Application filed June 16, 1884. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes of the class patented to Leonard Baiiey, August 6, 1867, No. 67.398, and my object is to effect the lateral and endwise adjustments of the cutting-bit by two different movements of a single lever, and I accomplish this object by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view, partly in elevation, on line x x of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, on line y of Fig. 1.

With the exception of certain changes and additions hereinafter described, my improved plane is the same as the Bailey planes now in the rnarket. The adjusting-nut g is the same as heretofore rnade, except in that its shoulders b b are wider. The prongs of the bifurcated lever c are spread far enough apart to allow a lateral rnovernent of said lever bodily without disengaging the shoulders of the adjusting-nut. The lugs d d are placed upon the under side of the frog or plane seat A, somewhat farther apart than in said prior planes, and are provided with smooth-bored holes for the insertion of the adjusting-screw a, which screw also constitutes the axle for the lever c.

This lever c is furnished with a screw-threaded hole within which the adjusting-screw a is fitted. As in prior planes. the upper end, e, of the lever c enters a slot, f in the cap-iron, which slot is made shorter than formerly, and of a size which the end e of the lever c will substantially fill in both directions, so that a movement of said end either laterally or up and down will carry the cap-iron with it. Upon the adjusting-screw a, I have placed the nuts h h, which allow the free rotation of the adjusting-screw upon its axis, but which will not permit of any longitudinal movement.

The bit and cap-iron of the plane are set in their places upon the frog or plane-seat in the ordinary manner. The holding-cap B is then put into its proper place, and clamps the bit and cap-iron firnlly against the frog or plane-seat, said holding-cap pressing them at each end. The point of pressure at the lower end of the cap is the point where the bit or cutter will pivot when its upper end is moved edge-wise. The bit is adjusted up or down the same as heretofore.

To adjust the cutting-bit or cutter edgewise to square its cutting-edge with the stock, I have only to turn the adjusting screw a one way or the other, as may be desired, which movenment of the adjusting-screw acts upon the screw-thread of the bifurcated lever, and causes said lever to move bodily to the right or left, and thus more the cup-iron and bit or cutter with which it is engaged, and thereby give the required adjustment.

I am aware that prior devices have been invented to adjust the bit edgewise to bring its cutting-edge square with the stock, and therefore I do not claim the same, broadly.

I claim as my invention —

In combination, in a suitable supporting-frame, a bit having a central longitudinal slot, a cap iron secured to said bit by a screw passing through said slot and engaging said cap-iron, a holding-iron for clamping the bit in place, and an adjusting lever pivotally secured upon a horizontal screw-shaft which passes through lugs upon the under side of the upper end of said supporting-frame, and is secured against horizontal movement and capable of rotary increment only, the upper end of which lever passes through said frame and engages with a slot or mortise in the cap-iron, the said lever so secured having an up and down movement by an adjusting-nut located under said frame, and a lateral movement by a thumb-piece or similar operating-handle on the end of said screw-shaft, all being substantially as herein described, and for the object specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
HENRY C. HINE.

No. 316,079 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”390″]316079

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 316,079, dated April 21, 1885.
Application filed February 25, 1885. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My plane is principally designed for use in making chamfer moldings on the corners of pieces of wood-work for various uses.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my plane. Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section thereof. Fig. 3 is a transverse section thereof on line x x of Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is a view of the stock proper, or the front part of my plane as seen when looking squarely upon the rear under side of its oblique face. Fig. 5 is a corresponding view of the rear part, showing the upper side of its oblique face. Fig. 6 is a side elevation, partly in section, of one of my planes, having a shorter rear part on gage and with the handles omitted. Fig. 7 is a transverse section of a part of the same on line y y of Fig. 6, but partly in elevation; and Fig. 8 is a plan view of one of my planes with a different form of handle.

A designates the stock proper, having the usual oblique frog, in which the ordinary cutter B is seated. This cutter is held in place by the holding-cap C, all as in ordinary planes. Other ordinary means of holding the cutter, either with or without special mechanism for adjusting the cutter up and down, may be substituted for that shown. The rear end of the stock proper, A, is an oblique under face, upon which I form a central and longitudinal rib, a, having straight, smooth edges. The front end of the stock proper, A, may, if desired, be provided with the knob-shaped handle D, with the exception of the ribbed oblique under face at the rear. The parts so far described are nothing more than an ordinary plane, and they are capable of use as such without the addition of other parts.

E designates a gage having an angular groove, b, extending longitudinally through its under face. Its front end is provided with an oblique flange or frog, c, slotted at its upper end, and provided with a groove, d, into which the rib at of the stock proper fits, so that the two parts are guided one upon the other. A shouldered set-screw, f passes through the slotted upper end of the flange or frog c, and into the oblique portion of the stock proper, A. By tightening this screw the parts A and E are held firmly in their adjusted position. By loosening the screw said parts may be moved one upon the other to any desired position and held there by tightening the screw again.

Inasmuch as the chamfer made by my plane is generally made to stop short of the length of the piece charnfered, I bevel off the lower rear corner of the stock proper, A, as at g, to a bevel corresponding to the bevel of the cutter at its lower end. This enables me to cut a beveled or oblique shoulder at the end of the chamfer cut by my plane, the angle of which shoulder will be the same as that of the beveled-off portion g of the stock.

For chamfering a corner, the parts A and E are adjusted so that the flat under face at the front end of the stock proper extends below the apex of the groove b just the depth of the desired chamfer. The plane is moved back and forth, with its gage E set squarely, as is practicable, over the corner to be chamfered, and shaving after shaving removed, until the gage stops further cutting by resting firmly for its whole length upon the stock being chamfered.

By inserting different forms of cutters moldings of different forms may be chamfered off or formed on the corners of wood-work, but the straight cutter for a plain chamfer will be the most generally used. The gage E may, if desired, be provided with the handle F. I make the rear end of the gage slanting, as shown, in order that it may be the better seated upon the work in starting a chamfer. By placing the stock proper upon the extreme front end of the gage E, I can make them of the same width, so that when adjusted to bring their lower faces into the same plane the device may be used as an ordinary hand-plane for planing flat surfaces.

Instead of handling the tool as an ordinary plane for chamfering, it may be handled after the manner of a spokeshave by simply providing the stock proper, A’, Fig. 8, with side handles, G G, as shown in said figure, or like handles may be formed in like manner upon the sides of the gage E, near its front end.

I am aware that planes for chamfering have heretofore been made, and I do not claim the same, broadly. Neither do I wish to limit my invention to the specific means of fastening the parts A and E in their adjusted positions, as other ordinary mechanism may be substituted therefor.

I claim as my invention —

The combination of the gage E, having the longitudinal angular groove b, with the stock proper, A, adjustable up and down upon the oblique front end of said gage, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 313,694 – Joiner’s Plane (William Tidgewell) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”387″]313694

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM TIDGEWELL, OF MIDDLETOWN, ASSIGNOR TO THE MERIDEN MALLEABLE IRON COMPANY, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,694, dated March 10, 1885.
Application filed February 2, 1885. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM TIDGEWELL, of Middletown, in the county ot’ Midellesex and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 2, an underside view of the stock; Fig. 3, a transverse section through the stock, looking on the face ofthe bearing D.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of joiners’ planes in which the stock is made from cast metal, and in which the cutter is made adjustable by mechanical appliances. In the usual construction of these planes the cutter takes a bearing upon the stock at the mouth, the bearing extending up a considerable distance on the back of the cutter.

This bearing-surface is usually smooth and the cutter fits close upon it. The result of this bearing is to create a very great friction between it and the cutter, owing to the pressure which is brought upon the cutter at the bearing in the clamping operation, so that when the cutter is so clamped a very considerable force is necessary to be applied to the adjusting device to move the cutter.

The object of my invention is to diminish this friction while still retaining practically the same extent of bearing; and it consists in grooving the face of the bearing so as to form a series of ribs upon which the cutter will rest, the bearing-surface being reduced to the extent of the area of the spaces between the ribs, as more fully hereinafter described.

A represents the stock, made from cast-iron, and provided with the usual handle, B. C is the mouth; D, the bearing directly in rear and above the month, upon which the lower portion of the cutter E rests; F, the clamp applied in the usual manner for binding the cutter upon its seat D; G, the movable bed to which the cutter is also clamped; H, the adjusting device applied to the bed or slide G, and by which said slide and cutter are moved to adjust the cutter.

The clamping device, bed, and adjusting device may be any of the known constructions.

The face of the bearing D, instead of being made flat, is corrugated, as seen in Fig. 3, so as to form a series of ribs, a a, more or less in number, these ribs forming a series of narrow bearings, upon which the cutter will rest and its proper position be insured, yet over which it will easily move under the action of the adjusting devices.

As here represented, the area of all the ribs amounts to about one-third of the area of the bearing. The friction therefore is reduced accordingly; but still the same firm support is given to the cutter. These grooves should terminate near the bottom surface of the stock, or at about where the bevel at the edge ofthe cutter begins, as seen in Figs. 1 and 3. These grooves may be formed in casting, the ribs subsequently dressed to finish the bearing for the cutter.

In the illustration I have shown a construction of plane which permits of but a short bearing for the lower end of the cutter; but in other well-known constructions the extent of bearing is very much greater, even to forming the entire support for the cutter. The advantages of my invention increase as the extent of the bearing increases.

I claim —

In a joiner’s plane in which the stock is of cast metal, and in which the cutter is made adjustable, the bearing, D in the rear of the mouth, and which supports the cutter, constructed to form a series of ribs upon its face, and upon which ribs the cutter will rest, substantially as described.

WILLIAM TIDGEWELL.

Witnesses:
GEO. W. SMITH,
ELI I. MERRIMAN.

No. 313,195 – Plane For Picture-Moldings (Edward L. Gaylord) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”384″]313195

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDWARD L. GAYLORD, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE FOR PICTURE-MOLDINGS.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,195, dated March 3, 1885.
Application filed September 3, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD L. GAYLORD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bridgeport, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes for Picture-Moldings; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to certain novel and useful improvements in planes for picture-moldings, and has for its object to provide a device of this description which will accommodate and plane stock of any thickness and give to it any desired contour; and with these ends in view my invention consists in the details of construction and combination of elements hereinafter fully and in detail explained, and then specifically designated by the claims.

In order that those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains may more fully understand its construction and operation, I will proceed to describe the same in detail, referring by letter to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my improved plane; and Fig. 2, a vertical section of the plane at the line x x of Fig. 1, and showing the handle and iron in elevation.

Similar letters denote like parts in both figures of the drawings.

A is the stock, constructed as in ordinary planes of this description; and B is the iron, secured to its bed by bolt C, also as in ordinary planes. The sole J is conformed to the contour of the cut made by the iron.

D is the guide, which at its bearing-surface on the sole conforms to the latter in shape. It is provided with slots E, through which bolts F pass and secure it to the stock.

Between the sole of the plane and the surface of the guide which rests thereon is clamped a thin metal strip, H, which extends outward over the cutting-edge of the iron and prevents the latter from gouging or cutting the edge of the stock next the gage. The purpose of the strip H is to preserve the edge of the material intact and to make the iron cut up to that edge.

G are washers strung upon bolts F, and which are inserted or omitted, as the guide is required to extend less or more upon the surface of the sole. By inserting more washers stock of greater thickness may be accommodated, and by omitting them the plane will be adapted to thinner stock, while in both instances the shape of the planed surface will conform to the curvature of the cutting edge of the iron.

In my invention I do not wish to be understood as claiming, broadly, the application to a plane of a guide, for that I know to be old. The gist of my invention rests in the idea of applying to a molding-plane for frame-makers’ use a device whereby the capacity of the plane for thickness of stock may be diminished or increased, while at the same time the edge of the material and the curvature indicated by the contour of the plane-sole will be preserved in the finished surface.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with a plane of the character described, of a guide extending more or less over the plane-sole, and a metal strip extending along the cutting-edge of the iron next the gage, whereby stock of greater or less thickness may be accommodated and planed and the edge preserved intact, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of stock A, iron B. slotted guide D, secured to the stock by bolts F, having washers G, and strip H, lying along the edge of the iron next the guide, all arranged as described, and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EDWARD L. GAYLORD.

Witnesses:
S. S. WILLIAMSON,
W. T. HAVILAND.

No. 312,229 – Plane (William Tidgewell) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”383″]312229

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM TIDGETWELL, OF MIDDLETOWN, ASSIGNOR TO THE MERIDEN MALLEABLE IRON COMPANY, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 312,229, dated February 10, 1885.
Application filed December 26, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM TIDGEWELL, of Middletown, in the county of Middlesex and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a top view with the cutter and its clamp removed; Fig. 2, a longitudinal central section showing the cutter in place; Fig.
3, a transverse section on line x x of Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a transverse section on line y y of Fig. 2; Fig.
5, a transverse section on line z z of Fig. 2; Fig. 6, a side view of the screw and nut detached from the stock.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of planes for joiners’ use in which the stock is made from metal, and to which an adjusting-screw is applied to set the cutter, the object of the invention being such a construction of the stock and arrangement of the adjusting-screw that the stock may be cast complete and avoid the mechanical labor usually required in fitting the stock for the adjusting-screw, and it consists in a cast-metal stock constructed with a bearing for the cutter in rear of the mouth, the said bearing constructed with a central recess opening upward to form one seat for the screw, the second seat for the point of the screw being between said bearing and the mouth, with vertical guides for the nut between the two seats of the screw, combined with the screw and nut arranged in said seats, as more fully hereinafter described.

A represents the stock, which in general out line may be of common or usual construction; B, the bolt, through which the edge of the cutter C extends in the usual manner. At the rear a bearing, D, is arranged, upon which the cutter will rest at that point, the cutter resting at the month and upon the bearing D. This bearing D should extend across the stock between the sides, as indicated in Figs.1 and 3. Near the mouth, upon the inside and centrally between the two sides, a lug or upward projection, E, is formed, having a recess, a, from its upper edge downward. In the same central line a recess, b, is made in the bearing D.

F is the screw, its lower or point end, d, constructed to fit into the recess a in the lug E. At a point on the body of the screw corresponding to the recess b in the bearing D an annular groove, e, is formed, and so that the screw may be set, its point into the recess a and the annular groove e into the recess b, the sides of the groove taking a bearing upon the rear and front side of the bearing D, the said bearing D standing inclined at right angles to the plane of the cutter, and the axis of the screw is parallel with the plane of the cutter, as seen in Fig. 2. Midway between the bearing D and the lug E a pair of guides, f f, are arranged, one each side the screw, leaving a space, g, between them, as seen in Fig. 4.

H is the nut, threaded corresponding to the screw, and in width so as to stand between the two guides f f, as seen in Figs. 1 and 4. These guides prevent the nut from turning as the screw is turned; hence, as the screw is turned, it being fixed as to longitudinal movement, a corresponding advance or retreating movement will be imparted to the nut, and in such movement the nut is controlled by the guides f f. The screw is provided with a convenient head, I, by which it may be turned. The nut has a stud, h, projecting from its upper end, to enter a corresponding hole in the cutter, and so that the cutter will partake of the movement of the nut. As here represented, the cutter is held by a clamp, L, taking a bearing at its lower end upon the cutter, with an adjusting-screw, M, at its upper end to bear upon the cutter, the stock being provided with a fulcrum consisting of a cross-bar, N, over the cutter. Other clamps, however, may be applied to secure the cutter in place. By this construction the stock may be cast complete. The recess a for the point and the recess b in the bearing D for the screw are all formed in the process of casting, and so that, a pattern being made like the finished stock, no coring is necessary, as all the parts readily draw from the mold, leaving the cores fort he respective cavities. The screw with its nut is simply dropped into its seats before the cutter is applied. The construction is therefore of the simplest character, and greatly reduces the cost of the article over many of the complicated constructions, but having all the advantages of ready adjustment and firm hold of the cutter.

The bar N may be a piece of wire of suitable size and strength introduced into the mold, so that in the process of casting it will becorne a permanent and fixed part of the stock.

I claim —

1. A joiner’s-plane stock having the bearing D in rear ofthe mouth. a lug, E, between said bearing and mouth, the bearing D constructed with a recess, b, opening upward, and the lug E with a recess. a, also opening upward, the said two recesses forming seats for the screw, the guides f f between said bearing and lug, the said bearing, lug, and guides cast as an integral part of the stock, combined with the screw F, constructed with an annular groove, e, corresponding to the recess b in the bearing D, its point arranged in the open recess in the lug E, and the nut on said screw between said guides f f, the nut constructed to engage the cutter, substantially as described.

2. A joiner’s-plane stock having the bearing D in rear of the mouth, a lug, E, between said bearing and mouth, the bearing D constructed with a recess, b, opening upward, and the lug E with a recess, a, also opening upward, the said two recesses forming seats for the screw, the guides f f between said bearing and lug, the said bearing, lug, and guides cast as an integral part of the stock, and the cross-bar N made as a fixed part of the stock, with the screw F, constructed with an annular groove, e, corresponding to the recess b in the bearing D, its point arranged in the open recess in the lug E, the nut H on said screw between said guides f f, the nut constructed to engage the cutter, with the clamp L arranged beneath the bar N, to take a bearing upon the cutter below said bar, and an adjusting-screw above said bar, substantially as described.

WlLLlAM TIDGEWELL.

Witnesses:
ELI J. MERRIMAN,
H. W. HUDSON.

No. 309,400 – Joiner’s Plane (George D. Mosher) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”379″]309400

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE D. MOSHER, OF BIRMINGHAM, CONNECTICUT.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 309,400, dated December 16, 1884.
Application filed November 3, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, GEORGE D. MOSHER, of Birmingham, in the county ot’ New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new lmprovement in Joiners’ Planes; and l do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a left-hand side view; Fig. 2, a right-hand side view; Fig. 3, a longitudinal central section; Fig. 4, a transverse section on line x x of Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a transverse section on line z z of Fig. 1.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of joiners’ planes which consist of a cast-metal stock fitted with a clamping device to hold the cutter, and mechanism for adjusting the cutter with relation to the mouth, the object of the invention being to simplify the construction, so that the plane may be produced with very little mechanical labor, and thereby greatly reduce the cost; and the invention consists in the construction, as hereinafter described, and more particularly recited in the claims.

A represents the base or plate of the stock, fitted at one end with a handle, B, and may be at the other with a handle, C, and with the usual transverse mouth, a, opening into the throat D. Imrnediately in rear of the throat is a bearing, E, inclined to the position required for the cutter, and upon which the lower end of the cutter F may lie. Centrally from this bearing E a lug, b, extends upward, inclined corresponding to the incline of the bearing-surface E.

G is the bed for the cutter. At its lower end it is constructed with a recess, d, upon its face side, corresponding, substantially, to the lug b, as seen in Figs. 3 and 5. The face of the cutter-bed G forms, substantially, a continuation of the inclined bearing E, as seen in Fig. 3. The upper end of the bed G is constructed with a groove upon its under side, to ride upon a guide, c, formed on the handle portion above the bearing-surface E. The groove is best formed by a rib or flange near each edge of the upper part of the bed, to embrace the bearing e, as seen in Fig. 4. The bed is constructed with a hook, f, upon each side near its lower end, these hooks formed by extending or turning the edge upward and inward, as seen in Fig. 5.

H is the cap for the cutter, provided at its upper end with a set-screw, I. The hooks are of such extent that the cutter F may be set down between them and the bed, and then the cap H introduced between the cutter and the hooks, as seen in Figs. 3 and 5, the cap extending down toward the edge of the cutter, the screw taking its bearing upon the cutter above the hooks. Thus introduced, the screw is turned to a bearing upon the cutter, forcing the cutter firmly against the bed G, and causing the lower end of the cap to turn inward against the cutter and clamp the cutter upon the bearing E, as seen in Fig. 3, so as to firmly secure the cutter in its place. The cap may be adjusted to any desired relation to the edge of the cutter, so that it may serve as the cap for the cutter to govern the depth of the cut, if desired.

To adjust the cutter the bed G is constructed with a flange, h, upon one side of the handie portion, as seen in Figs.1 and 4. This flange is constructed with a notch or opening, i. Through the handle portion a coarse-threaded screw, L, is introduced, the handle portion being correspondingly screw-threaded, as seen in Fig. 4. This screw is provided with an eccentric stud, Z, which stands in the slot ffl of the bed, and so that if the screw be turned to iinpart a cranlrdilre nrovenient to the stud l, it will correspondingly move the bed G up or down, according to the rotation of the screw E. Upon the reverse side the screw is provided with a handle, M, by which it may be conveniently turned. The screw-thread on this adjusting device imparts a longitudinal movement to the stud l as the screw is turned, hence produces a transverse friction between it and the surface of the notch i in which it works, in addition to the friction which naturally arises from the rotative bearing of the stud. Such transverse friction adds materially to the hold which the stud takes upon the bed, so that accidental displacement is not liable to occur, as would be the case were the screw E constructed with simply a cylindrical surface in the stock, and so that rotative movement only would be imparted to the adjusting-stud l. By this construction the stock is readily molded and cast complete, the cleaning and preparation of the casting to receive the cutter and bed being an inconsiderable operation. The bed G is also cast complete, ready for application to the stock without any material mechanical labor, and thus I produce a plane at a minimum cost, yet complete and perfect in its working and adjustment.

To prevent the possibility of the cutter being thrown out of adjustment by contact with knots, or other extraordinary hard attacks in operation, I construct the face of the bed with a series of notches on its face, and provide the cutter with a corresponding stud, in, (see Fig. 3,) and so that when the cutter is set in place the stud may enter one of the notches in the bed and there hold firmly, so that any adjustment of the bed must be necessarily irnparted to the cutter, and the notch and stud serve to resist any tendency of the work to throw the cutter out of adjustment.

I claim —

1. The metal stock, constructed with the inclined bearing E in rear of its mouth, and with the lug b extending upward and backward therefrom, the bed G, constructed with a recess, d, upon its face, corresponding to the said lug D, said bed also constructed with hooks f f, and arranged to take a bearing on the stock above the said lug, combined with the cutter F, cap H, and the set-screw I in said cap, substantially as described.

2. The metal stock, constructed with an inclined bearing, E, in rear of its mouth, and with a lug, b, extending upward and backward therefrom, the bed G, constructed with a recess, d, corresponding to said lug, and arranged to take a bearing on the stock above, and also constructed with hooks f f, and with a downwardly-projecting flange having a notch, i, therein, the cutter F, cap H, and set-screw I, with the screw E transversely through the stock, said screw provided with an eccentric stud, l, at one end to work in said notch i, the opposite end provided with a handle, M, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. The stock constructed with the inclined bearing E in rear of its mouth, and with the lug b extending upward and backward therefrom, the bed G, constructed with a recess, d, corresponding to said lug, and also with hooks f f, the said bed arranged to take a bearing upon the stock above the said lug b, the face of the said bed constructed with a series of notches, the cutter constructed with a stud, m, upon its under side to engage either of said notches, the cap H, and set-screw I, substantially as described.

GEORGE D. MOSHER.

Witnesses:
THOS. L. I. BULLUSS,
WM. H. WILLIAMS.

No. 308,332 – Rabbet-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”378″]308332

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

RABBET-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 308,332, dated November 18, 1884.
Application filed May 17, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Rabbet-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in rabbet-planes, and has for its object a better arrangement for the gages.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my rabbet-plane. Fig. 2 is a like view of the reverse side of the same. Fig. 3 is an end view of the same. Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a portion of the stock on line x x of Fig. 2, said view also showing the gage-rod in side elevation 5 and Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of the depth-gage and a portion of the stock with a side elevation of the clamping-screw.

The stock A may be of any ordinary form; but as shown it is provided with two bit-seats, into either of which the cutting bit a may be secured. This feature of the stock, however, was known prior to my present invention. The bit a at the cutting end is the full width of the stock.

b is the gage-rod, upon which the socket of the gage B is fitted, so that the gage may be adjusted longitudinally upon said rod and fastened in place by means of the set-screw c, thereby securing the working-face of the gage B at any desired point with reference to the under surface of the stock. As shown in the drawings, this gage is adjusted for use in working from the left-hand edge of a board. The gage-rod b is secured to the stock by means of its threaded end and a correspondingly-threaded hole in the side of the stock. In order to facilitate the screwing out and in of this rod, I provide its end with an orifice into which a suitable pin or wrench may be applied. Upon the opposite side of the stock, and in alignment with the hole into which the gage-rod is secured, I form a like threaded hole, f, Figs. 1 and 4.

When it is desired to convert the tool to one for gaging from the right-hand edge of a board, the gage-rod b is unscrewed from one side of the stock, and then inserted in hole f, and the gage B then secured thereon, as indicated by broken lines in Fig. 3. By making the gage-rod attachable and detachable to and from either side of the stock the rods never project upon that side which is opposite the gage B, thereby enabling the gage and plane to be used in corners and cramped places where it is impossible to use a rabbet plane and gage whose gage-rods project upon said side.

C designates the depth-gage, the shank of which is slotted for insertion of the clamping-screw g, which passes through the shank of the depth-gage and into a threaded hole in the stock. The side of the stock to which this gage is secured is provided with a vertical V-shaped groove, h, Figs. 1 and 5, which groove is a little to one side of the clamping-screw g. The inner face of the gage C is provided upon one side of the clamping-screw with a V-shaped rib, k, and upon the opposite side of the screw is a plain-faced rib, l, Fig. 5. The V-shaped rib governs the position of the gage in its movement up and down, while the plane-faced rib, in connection with the V-shaped rib, forms a seat or bearing-surface to hold the gage at a proper distance from the side of the stock. This construction enables the gage to be governed in its vertical position, and to form a proper bearing-surface, only a small portion of which requires to be fitted, and consequently it can be fitted with but little labor and expense.

Any suitable spur or spurs may be attached to the side or sides of the stock just forward of the cutting-bit, as in prior rabbet-planes.

I am aware that depth-gages of various kinds have been heretofore employed upon rabbet-planes having side gages; also, that prior patents show rabbet-planes having side gages with two rods permanently secured thereto, and having transverse holes through the stock into which said gage-rods were inserted and held therein by means of set-screws, whereby the gage could be changed end for end, and placed upon either side of the stock to convert the tool into a right or left hand plane, as required. All of said prior art is hereby disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

1. The herein-described rabbet-plane, consisting of the stock A, having screw-holes f upon opposite sides and in alignment with each other, the gage-rod b, screw-threaded upon its end to fit both of said holes in the stock, and the reversible gage B, having the set-screw c, and a socket for securing the rod b, all substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a rabbet-plane, the combination of the stock A, having the groove h, the depth-gage C, having a central slot with the rib k fitted to rest upon the bottom of the groove h at one side of said slot, and the plane-faced rib l, which abuts against a plane surface on the stock at the opposite ends of said slot, the clamping-screw g, the gage-rod b, and the side gage, B, all substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
HENRY C. HINE.

No. 306,877 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”376″]306877

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 306,877, dated October 21, 1884.
Application filed June 11, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, and the object. of my invention is to produce a better mechanism for adjusting the cutting-edge of the bit to square it with the stock. I attain this object by the simple construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings. in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved bench-plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view thereof, partly in elevation, on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a like view with cutter attached, and Fig. 4 is a sectional view thereof on line y y of Fig. 2.

It is oftentimes difficult to grind the cutting-edge of a plane-bit exactly square, and therefore when set in place it does not stand square with the stock. Several prior patents show planes having mechanism for effecting this lateral adjustment of the cutting-bit edgewise. one of which mechanisms is a lever arranged under the bit at the upper end of the frog. Another consists of two screws the heads of which act upon the edges of the bit at the upper end of the frog. Another patent shows side screws near the middle of the stock, which, in connection with swinging dogs and a sliding piece, hold the bit in its adjusted position. All of said prior art is hereby disclaimed. The major portion of my plane is the same as ordinary bench-planes. The particular plane iilustrated is the one known as “Bailey’s patent plane.”

I secure the edgewise-adjusting lever a to the plane seat or frog by means of the rivet b and washer d, said washer producing sufficient friction to keep the lever a in place when the cap is removed. This lever is also let into the frog or bit seat A, so as to bring its upper side just below the under side of the bit. B, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, and said frog or seat is also cut away, as at e, Fig. 2, in order to permit a lateral movement of the lever a. The lower end of said lever is provided with a projection, f, which rises above the surface of the frog or seat A a distance about equal to the thickness of the bit B, but not far enough to bind against the under surface of the cap-iron C. This projection f of a width which will about fill the ordinary slot for the cap-screw at the upper end of the bit. I prefer to provide the under side of the lever a with a small boss or trunnion concentric with the rivet b, on which it is fulcrumed, and sink said trunnion into a circular recess, as shown in Fig. 4; but this construction is not essential. I also provide the stock with stationary pins h h near the lower end of the bit B. upon which said bit can swing or fulcrum when moved edgewise. These pins are threaded merely for convenience of insertion; but when once inserted plain pins will answer the same purpose.

When the parts are in place ready for use, in order to adjust the bit edgewise to bring its edge square with the stock, it is only necessary to move the lever a to one side, as shown in Fig. 3, which illustrates a bit whose end is ground out of square to an unusual degree. It should be observed that the lever a is close up under the bit, and does not so project as to ever render any inconvenience whatever in the ordinary uses of the plane. I have shown this lever as the best-known mechanism for an edgewise adjustment of the bit; but other mechanism for this adjustment located at the upper end instead of the lower end of the stock will secure the advantages of my invention.

The stationary pins are located in the stock, so as to bear directly upon the edges of the bit near its cutting end, and, as the laterally-adjusting mechanism is operated to move the upper end of the bit edgewise, it will rock or fulcrum upon the stationary pins at the lower end.

My rnechanism for this edgewise adjustment does not in the least interfere with the ordinary endwise adjustment of the bit, and requires no change whatever in the ordinary parts of the plane, except to recess and drill the frog or bit and the stock for the reception and attachment of the lever a and pins h h.

I claim as my invention —

The combination of a plane stock and bit, an edgewise-adjusting mechanism for acting upon the bit at its upper end, and the stationary fulcrum-pins h h in the stock near the cutting end of the bit, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
EDDY N. SMITH.

No. 306,507 – Plane (Charles A. Meekins) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”373″]306507

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES A. MEEKINS, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 306,507, dated October 14, 1884.
Application filed March 27, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES A. MEEKINS, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a plan view of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a view in longitudinal central section of the same on plane denoted by line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail plan view of the clamping-lever. Fig. 4 is a detail view of a form of my device without the adjusting feature.

My invention relates to the class of planes in which are used clamping and slow-motion devices for the purpose of adjusting the plane iron to cut to diiferent depths.

It consists in the clamping device secured in the plane-body in front of the plane-iron, and in the adjusting device, and in the combination of these parts, as more particularly hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter a denotes a plane-body of ordinary form and of any desired material — as wood — having the handle b and the depthwise mortise c, in which the plane-iron d is held.

In a socket, e, in the plane-body, and in front of the plane-iron, is placed a clamping-lever, f, having the arms f’, the ends of which bear upon the upper face of the plane-iron,as seen in Fig. 4, or upon the upper edge of the rocking lever g. which forms a part of the plane-iron-adjusting mechanism. This lever f is fulcrumed on the downward-projecting lugs a’, which are fast to or a part of the plane-body, and a screw, h, operates in a threaded socket, f”, in the lever. Fast to this rotary screw h is a handle, h’, having a shoulder on its lower end, that bears against the upper surface of the plane-body. By operating the screw h the inner end of the clamping-lever f may be raied or lowered at will, binding or loosening the plane-iron.

Fast to the upper side of the plane-iron d is a cap-iron, i, curved lengthwise in such manner as to afford a space between the cap-iron and the plane-iron for the working of the rocking lever g. This lever is operated by means of an adjusting-screw, k, moving in a socket in the cap-iron, and has a round surface, g’, bearing upon the upper surface of the plane-iron, and directly opposite the bearing-face upward-projecting arms g”, that extend through an opening in the cap-iron and take into open sockets f”’ on the lower side of the arms f’ of the clamping-lever.

The parts being assenibled as shown in Fig. 2 of drawings, the plane-iron is clamped in any desired position in the mortise by means of the lever and the screw h, and the longitudinal adjustrnent of the plane-iron is effected by means of the screw k, which, by rocking the lever g while the extremity of the short arm of the lever is held in the socket of clamp,which is fixed against longitudinal motion, thus causes the iron to move.

I claim as my invention —

1. In combination, a plane-body, a, bearing plane-iron d, having a socket, e, in front of the plane-iron, in which is seated the clamping-lever f, with feet f’, arranged to press upon the plane-iron, and the longer arm of the lever moved by means of the threaded screw h, having a handle, h’, all substantially as described.

2. In combination, a plane-body, a, bearing a plane-iron, d, and having mortise c and socket e, clamping-lever f, with feet f’, which bear upon the upper face of the plane-iron, and is fulcrumed on lugs a’, fast to the plane-body, and has a threaded socket, f2, in which the screw h is operated by means of the handle h’, all substantially as described.

3. In combination, in a plane, a plane-iron bearing between the plane-iron and a cap-iron, a bent lever having a curved bearing-surface in contact with the upper surface of the plane-iron, and its shorter arm engaging a socket in the extremity of a clamping-lever, with means for operating the adjusting-lever, all substantially as described.

CHARLES A. MEEKINS.

Witnesses:
W. H. MARSH,
A. C. TANNER.

No. 300,399 – Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”368″]300399

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 300,399, dated June 17, 1884.
Application filed March 26, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTUR E. RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, whereby a person skilled in the art can make and use the same, reference being had to the accompainying drawings, and to the letters of reference maarked thereon.

Like letters in the figures indicate the same parts.

Figure 1 is a view in longitudinal central section of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a side view of the same. Fig. 4 is a view in cross-section of the adjustable yoke on plane denoted by line x x of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view of the carriage which supports the plane-iron.

Our invention relates to the class of planes having a flexible face and means for adjusting the plane-face for working on a convex or concave surface.

It also embraces certain features of construction applicable broadly to planes.

lt consists in the combination of a plane-body with a flexible face and means for adjusting the face, and in the combination of devices for holding and adjustiiig the cutting-iron of the plane-body, as more particularly hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter a denotes the plane~body as a whole,made of any suitable material — as iron — having a bed, a’, through which the plane-iron projects, vertical sides a5, which support the face and the blade-adjusting devices, respectively. The flexible face b is fast to the plane-base, and the forked arms c and d are pivoted to the plane-body, as by means of pivots c’ d’, and to the outer ends of the face, as by means of the links c and f. Each of these levers has a short arm, c2 d2, pivotally connected to each other by rods g, The yoke h is pivoted at its lower end to each arm of the lever c near the pivots c’, and bears between the upper and lower crossbars, h1 h2 , an adjusting-screw, i, which is arranged about centrally of the plane-body in a threaded socket in the cross-piece a2, fast to the plane-body in front of the plane-iron. Any vertical movement of the yoke imparted to it by the adjusting-screw i is transmitted to the lever c, and by means of connecting-rods g to the lever d, and from these levers c d to the opposite extremities of the flexible plane-face. This adjustment of the plane-face may be made to a convex surface, as denoted by dotted lines in Fig. 1, or to a concave with equal ease.

The adjustable carriage k is supported in the plane-body by means of the longitudinal and central bearings, l l’, the former resting upon the cross-bar a2, fast to the plane-body, and the latter in a tubular socket, a1, in the plane-body. The carriage k has the downward-projecting lugs k1 k2, against the inner faces of which bear the opposite ends of an adjusting-screw, m, which moves in a threaded socket in the cross-bar a3, fast to the plane-body. This carriage also has the arms n, with the inward-projecting extremities n’, so arranged as to grasp the upper surface of the clamp-iron o, placed over the iron p upon the carriage, when the parts are in position in the plane-body. The lower end of the clamp-iron bears upon the plane-iron just back of the cutting-edge, and its upper end bears the clamp-screw o’, moving in a threaded socket near the upper end of the clamp, and with its point bears upon the upper surface of the plane-iron. The central bearings of the carriage permit of a lateral motion of the carriage and the supported plane-iron, by means of which the plane-iron may be adjusted to a perfect bearing in the socket in the body. The peculiar method of holding the adjusting-screw between the lugs projecting from the carriage prevents backlash or lost motion of the parts and permits a more careful adjustment.

The plane-body, yoke, and the carriage of our improved plane are made, preferably, of metal — as iron — cast to shape, with threaded sockets and bearings for the adjusting-screws and bearings for the carriage formed in subsequent operations.

The main advantage of our improved device is the low cost of its manufacture and simplicity of the operating parts, which perform the functions attainable in like devices of the prior art only at considerable expense.

The peculiar method of holding the clamping-screw between the lugs on the lower part of the carriage relieves the maker of the tool from exercising any great care to get the bearings for the carriage and the axis for the adjusting-screw parallel, as the opposite ends of the adjusting-screw may have lateral play between the lugs and not render the device inoperative.

The plane may be quickly changed from a single-iron plane to a double-iron plane by sliding back the clamp, and the plane-iron adjusted for cutting without changing the clamp, but by simply turning the adjusting-screw m.

We claim as our invention —

1. In combination, in a flexible face-plane, a plane-body, a, a flexible face, b, levers c d, pivotally connected to the plane-body, to each other by connecting-rod g, and to the flexible face-plate, with means for changing the position of said levers and of the flexible face, all substantially as described.

2. The combination of a plane-body, flexible face, pivoted levers connecting the said face and the body, a yoke, h, pivotally connected to the said levers, and an adjusting-screw, i, having bearings in the yoke and in the plane-body, all substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of a plane-body, a, a carriage, k, with the central bearings, l l’, fitted to suitable bearings in the plane-body, and with lugs k1 k2, bearing upon opposite extremities of an adjusting-screw, m, attached to the body, all substantially as described.

4. In a plane, the combination of a plane-body, a, a carriage, k, with central bearings, l l’, projecting lugs k1 k2, and projections w’, an adjusting-screw, m, with its opposite ends bearing on the inner faces of the lugs, plane-iron p, and clamp-iron o, with clamp-screw o’, all substantially as described.

5. In a plane, the combination of a plane-body and a carriage having lugs bearing upon opposite extremities of an adjusting-screw, m, movable in a socket in a plane-body, all substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

6. In combination, a plane-body, a, having bed a’, cross-bars a2 a3, and socket a4, the forked levers c d, pivoted to the body, connecting-rods g, yoke h, pivoted to the levers, and adjusting-screw i, with plane-iron p and means for holding the same in the body, all substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
JOSEPH W. DREYRUON,
O. S. THOMPSON.

No. 296,207 – Joiner’s Plane (George D. Mosher And William H. Ford) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”362″]296207

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE D. MOSHER AND WILLIAM H. FORD, OF BIRMINGHAM, CONN.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 296,207, dated April 1, 1884.
Application filed January 21, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGE D. MOSHER and WILLIAM H. FORD, of Birmingham, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and ive do hereby declare the followiing, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a left-hand side view; Fig. 2, a right-hand side view, Fig. 3, a face view; Fig. 4, a sectional side view, to illustrate the adjustment of the cutter, Fig. 5, a section on line x x, looking downward, to show the connection between the cutter and the hub of the adjusting-lever.

This invention relates to an improvement in planes for joiners’ use, particularly to that class in which the stock is constructed from cast metal.

The principal object of the invention is to construct the stock with the mouth and throat extending entirely across it, and whereby the possibility of “choking” is avoided; but it also has for its object a simple and easy adjustment of the cutter; and the invention consists in the construction, as hereinafter fully described, and more particularly recited in the claims.

A represents the rear portion, and B the front-portion, between which the mouth a is formed. This mouth extends entirely across the face of the plane, as seen in Fig. 3, instead of leaving a connection between the front and rear portions at each end of the mouth, as in the usual construction. As the front and rear parts of the stock are separated by this mouth, We connect them above and over the throat C by a connection, D, extending from the handle E at the rear to a handle, F, at the front. This connection is made in the form of a thin web centrally on the stock, so as to make the plane as light as it conveniently can be. The back of the throat is inclined to form a seat, b, for the cutter d in the usual relation to the mouth. From the seat b a standing screw-threaded stud, e, extends forward at right angles to the seat, over which the cutter will set, the cutter being constructed with a slot for such purpose, and so as to permit the cutter to be moved up or down, as occasion may require. The cutter placed thereon, a cap or clamping piece, f, is applied over the bolt, and then a nut, h, turned thereon, clamps the cutter to its seat. This stud e is best fixed in place by being introduced into the mold and the metal cast around it.

As a simple and convenient means for adjusting the cutter, we arrange a lever, i, upon a hub, l, which extends through the web, and so as to take a seat therein and permit the hub to be turned by applying the fingers to the lever. The handle stands upon one side of the web, as seen in Fig. 5.

On the cutter, above the stud e, is a stud, m. From this stud a link, o, extends up to the hub l on the opposite side to the lever i, and is there connected to the hub by an eccentric pin or screw, p, as seen in Fig. 5. Therefore by turning the lever i the eccentric pin p imparts a corresponding movement to the link, and thence to the cutter, so that turning in one direction the cutter may be drawn upward, or in the opposite direction forced downward, according to the adjustment required.

By this construction of plane the throat and mouth are open from side to side, so that the cuttings or shavings must readily pass out of the throat, and cannot by any possibility be stopped therein, so as to choke the mouth. The adjustment of the cutter is simple and cheap.

We are aware that metal planes have been constructed with the mouth extending from side to side in like manner as in what are known as “rabbet-planes,” and therefore do not claim, broadly, such a plane.

We claim —

1. A cast-metal plane having the front and rear portions separated by the mouth and throat, whereby said mouth and throat are open from side to side, the front and rear portions connected over the throat, the rear portion constructed vvith a seat, b, for the cutter, said seat provided with a fixed screw-threaded stud, e, the cutter d, the clamp f, and nut h, substantially as described.

2. A cast-metal plane having the throat and mouth open from side to side, the rear and front portions of the stock connected centrally centric connection with the hub of said lever, over the throat above the cutter, the rear portion constructed with a, seat to receive and support the cutter, the adjusting-lever i, arranged above the cutter in the connection which unites the rear and front portions, and a link in connection with the cutter and in eccentric connection with the hub of said lever, substantially as described.

GEORGE D. MOSHER.
WILLIAM H. FORD.

Witnesses:
EDWIN B. GAGER,
ANDREW J. EWEN.

No. 295,414 – Bench-Plane (Charles A. Meekins) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”360″]295414

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES A. MEEKINS, OF NEW HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 295,414, dated March 18, 1884.
Application filed May 31, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES A. MEEKINS, of New Hartford, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a side view, with a portion of the sides of the stock represented as broken away. Fig. 2 is a view looking diagonally down upon the top from the point a5 over Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a view of the plane in central vertical lengthwise section. Fig. 4. shows a detail top view of the rocking clamp-iron, and also a detail side view of the same.

The letter a denotes the stock or body of the plane, which may he partly of wood and partly of metal, or substantially wholly of wood or wholly of metal. In the drawings I show it with the bottom part composed of wood and the upper part of iron.

The letter b denotes the chisel or plane-iron, of the ordinary kind. The letter c denotes the cap-iron, which is novel in its construction; but it is secured to the plane-iron b, in substantially the ordinary way, by the connecting-screw d.

The letter e denotes what I call the “rocking clamp-iron,” because it has a rocking motion for effecting the adjustment of the plane-iron and cap-iron on the studs or pivots a’ a’; and it also serves in a novel manner the function of a clamp-iron-that is, it is the important factor in attaching the plane-iron and the cap-iron to the stock of the plane. This rocking clamp-iron runs under the cap-iron. The pin e’, jointed somewhat loosely at the bottom to the rocking clamp-iron, projects upward through the cap-iron, and upon the upper end bears the nut f, by means of which the plane-iron and cap-iron are clamped to the stock — that is, by running the nut down, the journal ends of the rocking clamp-iron press against the studs a’ a’, and the plane-iron is forced firmly down upon its seat. This rocking clamp-iron has an extended part or lever end, e”, the end of which is bifurcated, and takes hold of an annular groove in the adjusting-screw g, which is hung in the cap-iron.

By manipulating this adjusting-screw the edge of the plane-iron may be nicely adjusted. The mode or manner in which this is effected is not, perhaps, plain at a first glance; but the explanation is that by manipulating this adjusting-sorew the clamp-iron is rocked on pivots a’, and carries the plane and cap irons with it in its up and down but not its rocking movements.

I claim as my improvement —

1. In combination, the plane-body bearing the pivots, the plane-iron, the cap-iron attached to the plane-iron, the longitudinally-rocking clamp-iron, adjustably connected to the cap-iron and bearing between its points of connection upon the pivots on the plane-body, all substantially as described.

2. The oornbination of the longitudinally-rocking clamp-iron e, loosely attached to cap-iron e by pin e’ and nut f, adjusting-screw g, plane-iron b, and plane-body a, with pivot-bearings for the clamp-iron, all substantially as described.

CHARLES A. MEEKINS.

Witnesses:
SARA J. SIMONDS,
WM. E. SIMONDS.

No. 294,825 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”358″]294825

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 294,825, dated March 11, 1884.
Application filed October 17, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes. In my improved plane I combine a beading and center-beading tool, plow, dado, fillister and rabbet, matching-tool, and slitting-tool.

The objects of my improvement are to render the combined tool simple in construction and convenient to change from one form to another, and to improve its working in many particulars when changed. I attain these objects by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my tool arranged for use as a plow. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof. Fig. 2A is a vertical section of detached parts on line z z of Fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a side elevation, showing the reverse side of said plow as compared with Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the same on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a reverse plan view of my plane arranged for use as a matching-tool. Fig. 6 is a vertical section thereof on line y y of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a detached portion of the stock, showing the adjustable spur. Fig. 8 is a like view of the same as set in a different position, so as to throw the spur out of action; and Figs. 9 and 10 are like views of a modified form of the same.

My convertible or combination tool consists of three principal parts — viz., the two parts of the stock and the gage or fence. These parts are found in a prior patent to myself, dated March 4, 1873, and the changes herein described in those parts may be considered in the nature of an improvement upon the plane shown in said patent.

I make the parts A and B of the double stock mainly of cast metal, and with thin steel blades on at secured thereto. These I prefer to let into a rabbet upon the inner faces of the parts A B, and with a dovetailed or overhanging upper surface for said rabbet, the upper edges of the blades being correspondingly formed, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6. I secure these blades to the parts A B by means of screws or rivets b. The lower edges of these blades, upon their inside corners, may be beveled off, as shown, in order to adapt the blades for use in connection with a beading-cutter. By thus making the blades or lower edges of the stock of steel, the stock may be made much lighter than a cast-iron stock, while at the same time it is stronger. I am also enabled to make said blades rnuch narrower, and thereby I adapt the device for use with a much narrower cutter than has heretofore been practical. In fact, they may be made so thin as to adapt the tool for use with a cutter only one-
eighth of an inch in width.

As in prior implements of this class, the part A of the stock is provided with gage or fence rods C, for connecting and adjusting the two parts of the stock, and also for adjusting and holding the gage or fence D in proper position relatively to the stock. Instead, however, of providing this fence with only one set of holes for the rods C, I provide two sets of holes or sockets, c, and I arrange the fastening-screw d’ intermediate between said two holes or sockets, as shown most clearly in Figs. 1 and 2A, and I slightly bevel the end of the set-screw d’, so that it will impinge upon the rod C and hold the same, whether it bein the upper or lower one of the sockets c. This construction of the fence enables it to be placed higher up on the stock for certain uses, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 4, or so as to come lower down relatively to the bottom of the stock, as shown in Fig. 6.

I have herein illustrated the cutters d e as held in place by means of the clamp-bolt f as shown and described in my prior patent, before referred to; but any other ordinary clamping mechanism may be substituted therefor.

Upon the outside vertical faces of the blades a a, at any suitable point thereon, but preferably a little in front of the throat, as shown in Fig. 3, I arrange spurs g, for use in connection with a plow or dado, the uses of such spurs being well known. I place these spurs in a circular depression so located with reference to the edge of the stock that it runs out at the lower edge. The spur proper is formed as a radial arm of a thin steel hub or disk, having a pivotal screw, h, passed through its center into the center of the circular recess in the sides of the blades a a. I prefer to form upon this rotary spur three other arms, as shown, two of which act in connection with a stationary stop, i. By loosening the screw h, the spur may be thrown so as to project directly downward from the bottom of the stock, in which position it is stopped by contact of one of the arms with the stop i, as shown in Figs. 3 and 7, in which position it may be held by tightening the screw h. The stop, however, in connection with the pivotal screw h, is in such position as to receive the thrust or working-strain which comes upon the spur g in driving the tool forward, so that it is only necessary to tighten the screw h suffiiciently to prevent the spur from working out of place when the plane is drawn backward. When it is desired to throw the spur wholly out of action, it is only necessary to loosen the screw and turn the spur forward until another one of the arms strikes the stop i, as shown in Fig. 8, when the screw may be tightened sufficiently to hold the rotatory spur in said position. If desired, all four of the arms on this spur-disk may be sharpened, so that by loosening the screw far enough to let the arms slip by the stop, either of said arms may be brought downward so as to proiect below the lower edge of a, whereby a sharp and fresh cutting-spur can he brought into action in case the one first set in position for action by any means becomes impaired.

In Figs. 9 and 10 I have shown a modification of the spur-disk, and the manner of holding it in the stock. Instead of the circular recess before described, I sink a star-shaped depression or recess in the side of the stock, the lower part of which recess, as in the former case, extends to the lower edge of the stock. The spur-disk is substantially the same as before, except that I either make one short arm or make only three arms to radiate from the hub. I employ the same central fastening-screw; but instead of the stop i being formed separately in the form of a pin, and subsequently secured to the stock, the eccentric shape of the edge of the recess enables the walls thereof to perform the function of a stop to prevent the spur from rotating in either direction.

In order to set the spur g’ in position tor action, it is placed so as to extend downward and project below the bottom face of the stock, as shown in Fig. 9; or in case all of the arms are sharpened, the spur-disk may be set with either of its arms extended downward, as may be desired. In order to throw the spur out of action, it is only necessary to loosen the screw enough to let the spur-disk come forward out of the recess — that is, out of engagement with its stop — and then partially revolve on the central screw, so as to bring the short arm or side having no arm toward the bottom face of the stock, and then drop the spur-disk into its recess and tighten the screw, as shown in Fig. 10. In like manner the spur-disk may be changed to bring either arm of the spur into action.

E, Figs. 2, 3, and 5, designates a depth-gage of ordinary construction, and consequently a description is unnecessary.

F designates a slitting-knife vertically adjustable within a suitable seat upon the part A of the stock, for use in connection with a plow-stock substantially as shown and described in the patent to Rappleye, No. 266,519, October 24, 1882. In connection with this slitting-knife I employ another depth-gage, G, Figs. 3 and 5, and fasten the same in place by the same screw and nut which secure the slitting-knife F. I have shown the depth-gage E as placed in the main part A of the stock, (said part being that which carries the handle and rods C C;) but I provide the sliding part B of the stock with a socket, k, and set-screw m, as shown in Fig. 2, to receive and hold said gage when desired.

Having described the general construction of the parts, I will now describe the manner of using my improved plane tor the several purposes hereinbefore named. For all of these various uses, except in using the plow with a very narrow cutter, both parts of the stock are used together, and it is not necessary that any of the parts hereinbefore described shall remain detached for using my plane as any of the foregoing-named tools, except the dado, and for beading in the middle of a wide surface.

In order to use my plane as a beading and center-beading tool, I insert and fasten the proper-shaped cutter, bringing the two parts of the stock together, and placing the depth-gage in the part A of the stock, the fence or gage D being preferably set with the rod C in the lowest sockets, so as to bring the gage at the highest point, as shown in Fig. 4. If the bead is to be formed at a distance from the edge of the board greater than that to which the gage may be adjusted, said gage will have to be removed and a suitable strip fastened upon the board to gage by, the same as with other beading-tools. For beading crosswise with the grain, the spurs g should be thrown into cutting action.

For use as a plow, a cutter is selected of a desirable width and clamped in place, the two parts of the stock brought together, the depth-gage properly adiusted, the fence D being secured as shown in Fig. 4, and the spurs g brought into position for acting. By placing the gage for the plow higher up with reference to the bottom of the stock, instead of lower down, as shown in Fig. 6, it can be made to gage the work much more properly, and to steady the plow against tipping over sidewise, because it will bear against the edge of the surface of the work to its extreme upper edge, even after the cutters have plowed to a considerable depth , whereas with a gage set low down, as shown in Fig. 6, that portion of the edge surface of the work which is above the lower end of the cutter is also above the top edge of the gage, so that said portion of the surface can furnish no support whatever against the tool tipping over sidewise. The broken lines in Fig. 4 indicate a piece of work that has been plowed a distance about equal to half the depth of the gage D, and shows the relative position of the gage and stock thereto.
If a cutter is to be used whose width is less than that of the combined thickness of the blades a a, the removable part B of said stock and its blades a must be removed. The remaining part A may then be used with a cutter of practically the same width as the thickness of the blade a.

For a dado, the fence or gage D is wholly removed, a suitable cutter is inserted in place, and the two parts of the stock brought together, the depth-gage E is secured and properly adjusted within the sliding part B of the stock, and the spurs g set for cutting action.

For a fillister and rabbet, a cutter of the desired width is selected and properly secured within the stock, the depth-gage is placed in the part A of the stock, and the fence or gage D secured by passing the rods C through the upper sockets of said gage, as shown in Fig. 6.

For a slitting-tool, the knife F is properly adjusted and the tool used in the manner set forth in the patent to Rappleye hereinbefore specified. The bottom gage, G, may also be used in connection therewith, if desired. This gage may also be brought down into position for use when the slitting-knife is drawn upward or removed, if desired, and while the other depth-gage, E, is placed in the sliding part D of the stock, thereby bringing a depth-gage into action upon both sides of the stock, for use in connection with any of the several tools.

The cutter d (shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3) is an ordinary cutting-bit with an edge square across the end.

The cutter e (shown in Figs. 5 and 6) is one which is specially adapted for a matching-tool, and is provided with a depth-gage, a, secured directly to the cutter. This cutter is shown herein merely to show my plane as adapted for a matching-tool, and said cutter and its gage I intend to make the subject of another application of even date herewith.

In lieu of the gage n, other gages may be arranged to bear upon the edge of the tongue for gaging the depth.

I employ a matching-tool having a narrow shank with a wider bit at its cutting end, so that when its narrow shank is set in position and the two parts of the stock brought against the respective edges thereof the cutting-edge of the bit will project laterally upon both sides of the stock, at the bottom part thereof, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

The gage or fence D is placed in its lowermost position, so that it may slide under the cutting-edge of the cutter and bottom edge of the stock, as shown in Fig. 6. This enables me to adjust the gage to a point from the middle of the cutter a distance equal to half the thickness of the board to be tongued, and when so adjusted the tongue formed on the board by this matching-tool will always be exactly in the middle, and this can be accomplished with the use of only one cutter in any board whose thickness is not greater than the width of the cutter at its lower end, and which is not so narrow as the space between the blades a a, or, in other words, the longitudinal groove in the bottom face of the stock. By thus making the cutting end of the cutter wider than the span of the blades a a or working-face of the stock, I can with a single cutter centrally tongue boards of different thicknesses within the limits before named.

I claim as my invention —

l. The combination of the gage-rods C C of a bench-plane, the gage or fence D, having two sets of sockets-one above the other-and suitable means for fastening said gage upon said rods, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of gage-rods C C, a suitable gage or fence having double sockets for the reception of said rods, and a set-screw arranged intermediately between the sockets and adapted to clamp the rods when placed in either one of the sockets, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

3. The combination of the stock and the rotatory cutting-spur adapted to project below the edge of the stock, or to be carried up above said edge by turning it upon its axis, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

4. The combination of the stock, the rotatory spur pivoted thereto, and a suitable stop for limiting the rotation of said spur during the forward movement of the stock, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

5. The combination of the stock, the spur-disk having radial arms, the adjusting-screw, by means of which said disk is secured to the stock, and a suitable stop for preventing said spur-disk from rotating on said screw, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
JOHN EDWARDS, Jr.

No. 293,822 – Gage For Plane-Bits (Justus A. Traut) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”353″]293822

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

GAGE FOR PLANE-BITS.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 293,822, dated February 19, 1884.
Application filed October 17, 1883. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Stops for the Cutters of Matching-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in stops for the cutters of matching-planes; and the object of my invention is to furnish a convenient and inexpensive means for limiting the aggregate depth of cut. I attain this object by the simple construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure I is a plan view of my improved stop and the cutter to which it is attached. Fig. 2 is a side or edge view of the same, and Fig. 3 is a reverse plan view thereof.

I make the cutter A of substantially the usual form, except that I make its shank narrower than the end of the cutting-bit, in order to adapt the cutter for use in a two-part stock, in the manner fully described in an accompanying application of even date herewith.

Within the slot in the middle of the cutter I arrange a depth-stop, a, the same being narrow enough to pass through said slot. This stop a is in the form of an angle-piece, with its back or shank b of a width greater than the slot in the end of the cutter. The angle at which the bottom of the stop and its shank stand to each other is such that when the shank rests upon the back of the cutter and the cutter is set at the angle of inclination that it will bear when properly seated within the stock, the body of the stock a will be substantially in a horizontal position, as shown in Fig. 2. I hold the stop in place by means of an adjusting-screw, c, which passes through the slot in the cutter into a threaded hole in the shank b of the stop. This screw may have a head large enough to cover the slot in the cutter; but I prefer to place a washer under the head of the screw, as shown. By loosening the screw the stop a may be slipped up and down in the slot of the cutter, so as to bring its under surface at any desired distance from the cutting-edge of said cutter, the slot therein being made long enough to permit of said adjustment. When so adjusted, the screw may be tightened to hold the stop in place. As the cutting-edge upon either side of the slot is brought into action to form a tongue, the tongue extends up into the slot in the cutter. After repeated cuts, the stop a bears upon the edge of the tongue, to limit the depth of the cut, and consequently the extent that the tongue shall project from the shoulders formed on the edge of a board by means of said cutter. It will thus be seen that by the term “depth-stop” I mean a stop for limiting the extent which the plane is capable of cutting by repeated strokes, in contradistinction to the depth of a single cut, (the thickness of the shaving,) which is governed by the extent that the edge of the cutter projects from the bottom of the stock and by the width of the throat in said stock. By thus arranging the stop within the slot of the cutter and providing it with suitable means for permitting of its adjustment and holding it upon the cutter, I provide a depth-stop which is not only convenient to adjust and use, but it may always remain upon the cutter, so that it will not become lost, and so that a change in the adjustment is not necessitated every time the cutter is removed from the stock.

I am aware that matching-planes have heretoforebeen made in which an adjustable depth-stop has been secured to the stock, and I hereby disclaim the same.

I claim as my invention —

A stop to regulate the aggregate depth of cut, attached directly to the cutter of a matching-plane, with the body of the stop within the slot of the cutter, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
JOHN EDWARDS, Jr.

No. 291,815 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”351″]291815

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 291,815, dated January 8, 1884.
Application filed November 23, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes; and the object of my improvement is to make a cheap and convenient form of convertible “bull-nozed” and common hand plane. Such convertible planes have heretofore been made by a change in the position of the cutter. I attain this object by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my convertible plane. Fig. 2 is a partial plan view and section thereof on line at x x, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the same arranged for use as a bull-nozed plane.

The term “bull-nozed” is used to denote a plane in which the cutting-bit A extends practically to the forward end of the stock, to enable the plane to be used in planing up against a shoulder and in cramped places. Such planes are well known in the art.

For the ordinary uses of a hand-plane, the forward end of the cutting-bit should be a little forward of the middle of the stock.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, my plane is so arranged for use as an ordinary block-plane. The general form of the stock B and the construction of the adjusting and holding mechanism may be of any ordinary character. I form the forward end of the stock proper, B, with a vertical face or seat, c, upon which I secure the attachable and detachable stock-extension C by means of a screw, a. It is also further secured by means of dowels b b, secured to one part of the stock, or made integral therewith, and fitting into corresponding sockets in the other part, substantially as shown. After the extension C has been properly secured to the stock B, the bottom face of the whole stock is planed or smoothed off, as shown in Fig. 1. The extension C then constitutes a part of the stock, and the plane is substantially the same for all the uses of the ordinary hand-plane as if the extension C were made integral with the stock B. When it is desired to convert the instrument into a bull-nozed plane, it is only necessary to remove the fastening-screw a and the extension C, when a well-balanced bull-nozed plane remains, as shown in Fig. 3.

By my improvement I produce a convertible bull-nozed and hand plane at a small expense, and in which both forms of plane are left in their ordinary characteristic and well-balanced form, and in which the cutter is not necessarily removed in changing from one form of plane to the other, and in which there is plenty of room to arrange the ordinary adjusting mechanism underneath and in the rear of the cutter.

I claim as my invention —

The herein-described convertible plane, consisting of the stock B, adapted to receive and hold the cutting-bit, and provided with the attachable and detachable stock-extension C, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
EDDY N. SMITH.