Tag: Connecticut

No. 291,178 – Plane (William B. Fenn) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”350″]291178

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM B. FENN, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO FOSTER, MERRIAM & CO., OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 291,178, dated January 1, 1884.
Application filed September 3, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM B. FENN, of Meriden, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, a citizen of the United States, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in explaining its nature, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a plane containing my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on the line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 represents a modification in construction hereinafter described.

The invention relates to various details of construction, all of which are hereinafter fully described.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the stock of the plane. It is made of metal, has the vertical side extensions or flanges, a, the handles a1 a2, and the knife-opening a3. Cast with the stock, or secured thereto by rivets or in any other desirable way, is the triangular-shaped block B. This block is narrower than the plane-stock, and is arranged immediately back of the knife-opening, and there is a recess or space between its vertical sides and the inner sides of the extension or flange a. Its upper surface is inclined, preferably, parallel with the incline a5 of the knife-opening. To this upper surface of the block is fastened by screws a6, or otherwise secured, a plate, a7, which is of the same inclination as the surface of the block, and which extends beyond it on each side to furnish supports or ways for the carriage C, which holds the plane iron or knife.

Instead of making the plate a7 separate and attaching it to the block B, it may be made integral therewith, if desired. The location of this block and plate in relation to the knife-opening and to the side flanges, a, of the plane is well shown in Fig. 3.

Extending upwardly and backwardly from the block B is the threaded spindle or screw, b, by which, in connection with the devices hereinafter described, the carriage, and there-fore the plane irons or knives, is adjusted vertically.

The carriage C has the flat upper surface or bed c, upon which the plane irons or knives D rest, the flat under portion, c1, which slides upon the upper surface ef the plate a7, and the outwardly-projecting portions or wings c2, which extend under the under surface of the side edges of the plate a7, and secure the carriage thereto in a manner to permit it to be moved vertically thereon without being raised or lifted therefrom — that is, these are formed in the downwardly-projecting portions of the carriage grooves or recesses which fit the outer edges of the plate a7. It is of course immaterial as to how these grooves or recesses are formed. They may be made in casting the block, or they may be planed out; and it is also immaterial as to their shape and the shape of the edges of the plate in cross-section, as this shape may be square, or partially rounded, or inclined upon the under edge. The carriage C also has the downwardly-extending lug or bracket c3, which has the projections c4, that straddle the portion c5 of the nut c6. This nut has a thread, c7, which fits the thread on the inclined screw or spindle b. The shoulders c8 c9, at the lower end of the nut, fasten the projections c4 of the carriage securely to the nut, so that upon the revolution of the nut the carriage is raised or lowered.

It will be observed that the nut is so located in relation to the back handle of the plane that it can be easily revolved without removing the hand from the handle, so that the plane irons or knives may be adjusted while the plane is being moved. The plane-irons are secured to this block; by means of the headed screw-spindle E, which screws into the carriage, and of course may be adjusted in and out in relation thereto, and which passes through the hole e in the plane-irons and the key F, which has formed in its under surface in any desirable way the projections f, which shut under the head cf the screw. The under surface, and especially the lower edge of the key, bears upon the upper plane-iron, and the screw f1 in its upper end bears upon the upper plane-iron, throws the lower portion of the key rigidly against the lower portion of the plane-iron, and being held to the carriage by the headed spindle or screw E, the plane knives or irons are rigidly fastened to the carriage. The plane-irons are secured to each other by the coupling-screw d, and a hole, d1, is made in the carriage to receive the head of this screw.

The advantages of this invention are simplicity and cheapness of construction and ease of adjustment of the irons.

It will be observed that the threaded spindle or stem b need not necessarily be secured to the block B, as it can be fastened to any other part of the stock or body of the plane, provided it is arranged to project diagonally upward, as shown.

It will also be seen that by making the headed screw E adjustable in the carriage plane-irons of varying thickness may be used, and that a tight fit between the key-piece, plane-irons, and carriage may be obtained, which is desirable, as it prevents chips, dust, and shavings from getting between the various parts, and also holds the plane-irons more securely in place.

In Fig. 5 I show the nut secured by the body of the plane or block B, instead of to the knife-carriage C; and I prefer to secure the nut in place by tapping a hole in the block or body of the plane and forming a projection on the end of the nut, which shall tightly fit the hole when driven therein. The screw-spindle will, in this construction, take the place of the nut c6 in relation to the carriage C, and the screw will enter the stationary nut; or, in other words, in this modification the nut is stationary and the screw-spindle movable with the carriage.

Of course the invention can be used in planes having wooden bodies, or bodies having wooden bottoms and metal frames, if desired.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States —

1. A plane bed or stock having the block B, cast upon or fastened to the inside thereof, of less width than the body of the plane,and provided with ways or guides for the support of a movable plane knife or iron supporting carriage formed thereon by means of the projections a7, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. The combination of the plane bed or stop A, the block B, fastened or secured thereto, narrower than the plane-stock, and having the projecting guides a7, with a movable or knife-supporting carriage, G, having the outwardly-projecting portions or wings c2, which lap under the under surface of the guides, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. The combination, in a plane, of the stock or bed A, the block B, fastened thereto as described, and of less width than the body of the plane, provided with the ways or guides a7, which project therefrom, as specified, the threaded spindle or screw b, the plane knife or iron supporting carriage C, having the projecting portions c2, which lap upon the under surface of the guides or fianges a7, and the nut c5, secured to said carriage, as described, all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The combination, in a plane, of the threaded spindle or stem fixed in the body of the plane, the plane iron or knife supporting carriage C, having the projections c4, which straddle the nut c5, the said nut c6, which works upon the threaded stem, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

5. The plane knife or iron supporting carriage C, having the bracket or projection c3, whose projecting ends straddle the grooved or recessed nut c6 between the shoulders c8 c9. all substantially as and for the purposes described.

6. The combination of the adjustable screw or lug E, having in the movable carriage C the plane iron or irons D, and the key F, having the undercut recess in its under surface, adapted to receive the head of the screw or lug, and the locking-screw f1, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

WILLIAM B. FENN.

Witnesses:
L. WETMORE,
GEO. W. COLE.

No. 289,332 – Joiner’s Plane (Henry B. Beach) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”348″]289332

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY B. BEACH, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE MERIDEN MALLEABLE IRON COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

JOINER’S PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 289,332, dated November 27, 1883.
Application filed September 10, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY B. BEACH, of Meriden, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a sectional side view; Fig. 2, a top view; Fig. 3, a transverse section on line x x; Fig. 4, a transverse section on line y y; Fig. 5, a transverse section on line z z; Fig. 6, a transverse section through the clamping-bar h; Fig. 7, an edge view of the cap.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of planes for joiners’ use in which the stock is made from cast metal, the object of the invention being a simple, ready, and positive adjustment and firmness of the plane-iron when once it is set in the required position; and the invention consists in the construction, as more fully hereinafter described, and particularly recited in the claims.

A represents the stock, made from cast-iron, fitted with the usual handle, B. Upon the inner surface of each side of the stock is a ledge, a, inclined in a line from the mouth, according to the pitch required for the plane-iron. These ledges form supports for the bed C, and on the upper surface of which the bed rests — that is to say, the bed lies upon these inclines. Below these inclined bearings a, and centrally between the two sides, a screw-stud, D. is set in a plane parallel with the inclines both vertically and horizontally, as seen in Fig. 1. From the under side of the bed a lug, E, extends downward, with an opening through it corresponding to the screw-stud D, and so as to pass freely over the stud.

F is a nut fitted to the screw-stud, and carrying a collar, b. The lug is recessed transversely to form a slot, d, to receive the collar b of the nut, and so that in placing the bed in its position the nut is first set into engagement with the slot d, then the bed moved down to carry the lug over the screw-stud, and so as to permit the nut to engage the screw; then turning the screw in one direction will move the bed downward, and in the reverse will draw it upward.

On the bed C the plane-iron G is placed, and over this the clamp H, and then upon that the clamp I, which is secured by a set-screw, K. The arrangement of the clamp whereby the plane-iron is secured to the bed may be any of the usual constructions.

As here represented, a headed stud, L, attached to the clamp I, passes through beneath the cap and iron and engages a slot in the bed below, so as to form a fulcrum for the clamp. Then the point of the clarnp bears upon the iron, the power being applied through the screw K to force the point into its clamping position — a usual and well-known construction. The bed is held down at its lower end by an L-shaped lug, e, engaging a corresponding L-shaped flange, f, on the stock. (See Figs. 1 and 5.)

In the usual construction of this class of clamps the screw is inade to bear at a central point and over a comparatively small surface. Unless the corresponding surfaces of the bed and plane-iron make a perfect fit between the two, the iron is easily thrown out of adjustment. To increase this bearing-surface of the adjusting-screw, I arrange a bar, h, in a slot transversely across on the under side of the head of the clamp, and it should be in length nearly the width of the plane-iron. This is engaged with the set-screw by upsetting the screw upon the under side of the bar, as seen in Figs. 1 and 6, but so as to leave the screw free to turn in the bar; hence by turning the screw in one direction the bar will be drawn into the slot, and turned in the opposite direction will be forced downward. This transverse bar affords a long surface of bearing upon the plane-iron, and so that the force of the screw is applied to that entire surface; hence so broad or extended a bearing upon the plane-iron is attained as to prevent the possibility of accidental displacement. In this class of planes in which a cap is employed in connection with the plane-iron a ditliculty is experienced in properly fitting the edge of the cap to the surface of the plane-iron, or to bring it into a firm and close bearing entirely across the face of the plane-iron, and if it be not thus perfectly fitted shavings will work between the two and inconvenience the workman. In the usual construction of cap the edge is drawn down thin and turned toward the plane-iron, so as to raise that portion of the cap back of its edge from the iron; then the set-screw i applied is relied upon to draw the cap properly onto the iron; but this set-screw is necessarily so far from the foot that unless both the iron and the cap are perfect in their construction the requisite fit cannot be attained. To overcome this difficulty I reduce the cap in thickness a little above the foot, as at l, Figs. 1 and 7 , so as to weaken the cap at that point. Then the screw is applied in the usual manner. The clamp bears upon the cap at this reduced point, as seen at Fig. 1, and applies a pressure which, because of the reduction in thickness of the cap, will cause the foot of the cap to spring into the shape to fit closely and entirely across the face of the plane-iron. This construction permits the cap to be drawn into close contact with the iron around the set-screw, as shown, thus making a firm connection between the cap and iron, so that dis-
placement of the cap is impossible, and the clamp serves to bring the foot of the cap into its proper relation to the face of the iron; and this construction also enables me to make the cap of thicker material than can be done where there is no such reduction in thickness, for without the reduction there must be sufficient spring in the cap to permit the screw which holds it in place to draw the cap down to the iron; but this reduction in thickness requires less power upon the screw, and also enables the clamp to properly hold the cap in place.

In adjustable mouth planes — that is, planes which have the bottom fore end adjustable, so as to take the forward edge of the mouth nearer to or farther from the iron, as occasion may require – a difliculty is experienced from the fact that the adjustable portion is liable to be forced against or into contact with the cutting-edge of the iron, consequently drilling the plane. To obviate this difficulty I construct the adjustable part M so as to be moved toward or from the mouth in the usual manner, and upon its upper surface form a socket, N, fitted with a female screw, the socket arranged to work in a longitudinal recess, O, in the stock, the recess being constructed with relation to the socket N so that the rear side of the socket will strike the rear end of the slot O just before the adjustable piece M will reach the edge of the iron, and through a slot, P, into the recess a set-screw, R, passes into the socket N to bind the adjustable part in any position to which it may be set.

The set-screw itself may form the stop, instead of the socket — that is, the slot P, through which the set-screw passes, may be of such length that the body of the screw will strike the forward end of the slot just before the adjustable piece M will reach the edge of the iron, it only being essential to this part of my invention that there shall be a stop to thus arrest the adjustable piece M.

I claim —

1. In a metal plane, the combination of the stock, constructed with inclined lugs a upon its two sides to support the bed, the bed C, arranged to ride upon said lugs, the screw-stud D, fixed in the stock and parallel with the plane of the bed, a lug, E, extending from the bed and arranged to work over said screw-stud, said lug constructed with a transverse recess, d, the nut F, constructed with the collar b, corresponding to the said recess d, and mechanism, substantially such as described, to clamp the iron upon the bed, all substantially as specified.

2. In a metal plane substantially such as described, the clamp I, by which the plane-iron is secured to the bed, combined with a transverse bar, h, and adjusting-screw K, substantially as specified.

3. In a joiner’s plane substantially such as described, the cap H, having its thickness reduced transversely near its foot, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. In a joiner’s plane, the combination of a bed made adjustable, a plane-iron upon said bed, a clamp in connection with said bed, the cap H, reduced in thickness transversely near its foot, said clamp arranged to bear upon said cap near its reduced thickness, and mechanism, substantially such as described, to force said clamp to thus bear upon the cap, substantially as specified.

HENRY B. BEACH.

Witnesses:
E. A. MERRIMAN,
CHAS. WM. MANN.

No. 288,866 – Joiner’s Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”347″]288866

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST, UF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO SAID
SOLON R. RUST, AND HENRY B. BEACH AND JOHN C. BEACH, BOTH OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT.

JOlNER’S PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 288,866, dated November 20, 1883.
Application filed September 10, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTHUR E. RUST, of Pine Meadow, county of Litchfield, State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Joiners’ Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of joiners’ planes in which the stock is constructed from metal, usually cast-iron.

In the more general construction of this class of planes the bed to which the plane-iron is clamped is arranged in guides or bearings formed in the sides of the stock. These require to be planed with great exactness, and the bed to be correspondingly fitted.

The object of our invention is to simplify the construction of the plane, so far as the fitting and guiding of the bed are concerned; and it consists in the arrangeinent of a guiding stud or studs in the stock, midway between its two sides, and on an incline corresponding to the inclined position required for the bed, which stud or studs serve as guides for the support and movement of the bed, and having cornbined therewith an adjusting-screw arranged in a plane parallel with the said stud or studs, and as more fully hereinafter described.

In the accompanying illustration, which forms part of this specification, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section on line z z; Fig. 2, a top view; Fig. 3, a transverse section on line x x, and Fig. 4 a transverse section on line y y.

A represents the stock, of the usual form, provided with a handle, B. C is the bed on which the iron D rests, and is clamped by means of the cap E, the cap E provided with lugs as near its upper end, which pass under and embrace the bed, as seen in Fig. 3, the set-screw F serving to bring the point of the cap onto the iron near its edge, and so as to clamp the iron firmly to the bed; but this arrangement of clamping is immaterial to this invention, as the cap may be applied in any of the usual or well-known methods.

In the stock beneath the bed a stud, G, is arranged in a plane parallel with the position required for the bed. This stud is best set by drilling into the stock and setting a stud of the required diameter therein, as seen in Fig. 1. On the under side of the bed is a lug, H, at right angles to the bed, and through which a hole is bored corresponding to the stud G, and so as to pass thereon and move freely toward or from the mouth of the plane, the stud serving as a guide for such increment of the bed. This stud, placed centrally, as seen in Fig. 4, permits the bed to rock iroin right to left to adapt itself to the position of the plane-iron. The plane-iron, near the mouth b, takes a bearing on the stock, as at d, which gives the proper transverse position for the plane-irons. The bed will therefore adapt itself to this position of the stud. The lug H extends below the pivot and engages with an adjusting-screw, I. This adjusting-screw is threaded to tit a corresponding screw-hole, e, in the stock, and in a plane parallel with the axis of the stud G. This screw is provided with a collar, f, which engages a slot, l, in the lug H, and so that turning the screw in one direction forces the bed and the iron to more downward, and in the opposite direction upward, and whereby the edge of the iron may be set in the proper relation to the face of the plane. The stud G may be of sufficient length to take a bearing near the two ends of the bed, but we prefer to introduce a second stud, L, into the stock below, as seen in Fig. 1, for the support of the bed below; or two studs may be introduced, one parallel with the other and in the same plane horizontally, which will give two supports for the bed; but in such arrangement of studs the advantage of the rocking movement is not attained.

The introduction of the diagonal guiding-studs into the stock beneath the bed is much cheaper than the usual inclined side guides formed upon the inner surface of the sides of the stock.

What we claim as our invention is —

In a metal plane, the combination of the stock provided with one or more inclined studs, G, beneath the bed, the bed constructed with a. downwardly-projecting lug, H, constructed to ride on said stud as a support and guide, a screw arranged in the stock parallel with said stud and in engagement with the bed, the plane-iron, cap, and means, substantially such as described, for clamping the plane iron to the bed, all substantially as described.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
GEO. H. RICE,
EDW. E. KELLOGG.

No. 287,612 – Plane (Henry B. Beach) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”346″]287612

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY B. BEACH, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 287,612, dated October 30, 1883.
Application filed June 21, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY B. BEACH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Meriden, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in bench or block planes; and the object is to improve and simplify their construction, to dispense with the ordinary clamping-iron, and form of the shaving-turning iron the clamping-plate, to be adjusted by a screw through the upper surface and bearing against the bit or cutting-iron, a fulcrum-point being also formed on said shaving-turning iron or clamping-plate, which bears against the cross-bar formed on the body or frame of the plane.

The invention consists in the construction and arrangement of parts, as will be more fully described hereinafter, and more specifically pointed out in the claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in the different figures of the drawings, in which —

Figure 1 represents a plan view of my plane. Fig. 2 is alongitudinal section of the same on the line x x. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section, showing the clamping-plate provided with the fulcrum-point. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the turning-iron.

In the accompanying drawings, A is the body or frame of the plane, cast with the ordinary opening, a, for the plane-iron or bit, and at the upper side with a cross-bar, b, as also with a lug, c, having its upper surface provided with a concave. Upon this lug the plane-iron or bit B rests, and is held in place by the shaving-turning iron C. This is provided with an elongated point or lug, d, as shown in Fig. 1, although it may be rounded off, as indicated by the dotted lines in the same figure, and as also seen in Fig. 4. This point d bears against or under the cross-bar b, when the screw e is set down against the plane-iron or bit, and forms a fulcrum against it. By screwing down the screw e, the point of the shaving-turner is firmly and evenly forced against the entire width of the bit, thus preventing shavings from getting between the bit and turning-iron and clogging it.

In Fig. 3 the clamping-plate D is provided with a similar fulcrum-point, d, which bears against the cross-bar b, as described above, and this plane is more especially adapted for block-planes, in which no shavings are to be turned out of the way.

A cap, f is cast on the turning-iron or clamping-plate, to prevent the hand coming in contact with the end of the bit or plane-iron. Said cap is shown and claimed in another application filed April 4, 1883, attached to a clamping-plate, and claimed therein.

The advantages of attaching the fulcrum-point to the shaving-turning iron or clamping-plate will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and among them are that a much longer fulcrum-point can be obtained. By adjusting the shaving-turning iron against the cross-bar on the frame, the lower point can be clamped much tighter and closer against the plane-iron or bit, and the shavings are turned out of the way without clogging the plane, the necessity of a strong screw-driver for adjusting the shaving-turner against the bit is obviated, and the screw with a milled head is easier to operate and to get at, and the cost of the plane is also greatly reduced.

The old clamping-plate can be used by inserting a lug with point in the elongated slot, as new employed.

I am aware that a central bearing-point has been attached to the cross-bar on the frame, and a clamping-plate adjusted against it by a thumb-screw; but said clamping-plate was plane, and could not form a shaving-turning iron, and I therefore disclaim such.

I am aware of the Patent No. 144,823, granted to Baldwin, also Patent No. 7,565, granted to Traut and Richards, as well as No. 279, 885, granted to Rust, and disclaim the construction therein shown; but

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, the clamping-iron provided with central elevated ridge or point bearing against a bar secured to the body of the plane, so that in adjusting said iron. it will bear uniformly on the planing-iron, substantially as shown and specified.

2. In a plane, the clamping-iron provided with central elevated ridge or point bearing against the lower side of a transverse bar secured to the body of the plane, and adjusted by a screw bearing against the plane-iron, and uniformly pressing against said plane-iron at its lower end, to form a, shaving-turner, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I hereby affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HEHRY E. BEACH.

Witnesses:
L. F. KELEHER,
J. M. YZNAGA.

No. 287,584 – Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”345″]287584

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 287,584, dated October 30, 1883.
Application filed May 10, 1883. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTHUR E. RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a view in longitudinal vertical section of a plane embodying our improvements on plane denoted by line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a detail view in cross-section on the line y y of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a detail end view of the carriage, looking from below.

Our invention has for its object the construction of planes cheaper and more readily adjusted to varied uses than the forms now in common use; and it consists in the special arrangement and combination of the parts for adjusting the cutting-iron and clamping the same, and in changing the character of the plane from a single to a double iron, as hereinafter more particularly described.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter a denotes a body of common form, and made of any desirable material, as iron; b, the usual mortise or opening through to the face of the plane; c, the cutting-bed; d, a transverse flange provided with the socket d’; e, a carriage having upon the lower side a tubular projection adapted to fit into and move longitudinally in the socket d’, and on its upper side the arms f, provided with the interiorly-projecting flanges or their equivalents.

On the carriage, and between the arms, rests the cutting-iron g, which is a flat piece of metal provided with a chisel-edge, and upon it, and also adapted to slide between the arms, is arranged the cap-iron and clamp h, which has upon each side the projections h’, which limit the forward movement of the clamp, and at its rear end, in a threaded socket, the clamp-screw h”.

The screw spindle i is rotarily secured in the tubular projection on the carriage, as by means of the transverse pin j, and its lower end projects into and operates in the nut formed in the body of the plane. This peculiar arrangement of the carriage enables it to have a rocking motion sidewise, or transversely of the plane, and at the same time makes it adjustable in the plane of the cutting-iron. This rocking motion of the carriage enables one to adjust the back of the plane-iron to a perfect bearing on the cutting-bed, and at the same time support and hold it against longitudinal motion.

The cap-iron is made to serve as a clamp by its lower edge, resting upon the cutting-iron near its lower end, passing under the flanges on the arms, which serve as fulcrums, and by being raised from the cutting-iron near the upper end by means of the clamp-screw, the lower end of which takes against the face of the iron. It serves the purpose of the ordinary cap-iron, when desired, and at the same time can be readily slipped back, leaving the plane in the form known as “single-iron” planes.

One peculiar and important feature of our invention consists of the combination of cap-iron and clamp, so arranged that the relative positions of the cutting-edge of the iron and the front edge of the clamp are not changed when the iron is adjusted to fix the thickness of shaving to be cut by the plane. The smoothness of the surface left after removing a shaving is determined by this relative position of cutting-edge of iron and edge of cap-iron, and once fixed in our device it remains constant, as described, while the thickness of the shaving may be varied by the adjustment of the carriage. This construction of parts is a great saving in expense over the ordinary method of arranging and combining the cutting-iron and the cap-iron, and possesses the further advantage of simplicity and ready adjustment to various uses.

The thickness of the shaving made by the plane is adjusted by means of the screw-spindle, which has a suitable head for operating with the thumb and finger.

In order to enable the tubular projection to slide readily, or to rock in the socket d’, we slab off, as seen in Fig. 3, portions of its upper surface, to decrease the bearing-surface within the socket. This, however, is not essential to the perfect operation of our device, as the carriage may have a downward projection resting in a guide-groove in the plane-body, or be adapted to rock in many ways obvious to the skilled mechanic on slight inspection of our device.

We claim as our invention —

1. In combination, a plane-body having a socket, and the carriage having at longitudinal reciprocation and also an transverse rocking motion in said socket, with means for adjusting said carriage, all substantially as described.

2. In combination, the plane-body, the carriage having a longitudinal motion and also a transverse rocking motion, and bearing the plane-iron and combined cap-iron and clamp, all substantially as described.

3. In combination with a plane-body and a carriage, substantially as hereinbefore described, the plane-iron and combined cap-iron and clamp, made, in one piece, the relative position of the two latter parts remaining unchanged when the plane-iron is adjusted to determine the depth of cut of the iron, all substantially as described.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
A. C. TANNER,
WM. H. MARSH.

No. 287,371 – Joiner’s Plane (William B. Fenn) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”344″]287371

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM B. FENN, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT,
ASSIGNOR TO FOSTER MERRIAM & CO., OF SAME PLACE.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 287,371, dated October 23, 1883.
Application filed June 30, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM B. FENN, of Meriden, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification , and represent, in —

Figure 1, a sectional side view; Fig. 2, a top view, with the plane-iron and clamp removed; Fig. 3, a rear view, the bed removed, showing the inclined guiding-sides and screw. Fig. 4, a perspective view of the bed removed, looking toward the under side; Fig. 5, a longitudinal section of the clamp through the T-shaped slot; Fig. 6, an under side view of the clamp; Fig. 7, a transverse section of the clamp on line x x of Fig. 5; Fig. 8, a transverse section of the bed, showing the T-shaped stud.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of joiners’ or bench planes in which mechanism is employed to adjust the cutter with relation to the thickness of the shaving to be cut. In the more general construction of this class of planes the bed is fitted to work upon ways in the stock. These ways, as well as the bed, require to be shaped or fitted in the planing-machine, and this fitting of the bed and ways is an expensive part of the manufacture of the plane.

The principal object of my invention is to avoid this expensive part of the work; and the invention consists in the construction of plane as hereinafter described, and more particularly recited in the claims.

A represents the stock, which is of substantially the usual form; B, the bed upon which the plane-iron or cutter C is supported; D, the clamp by which the iron is secured upon the bed. E is the rest or support for the lower part of the plane-iron, and which terminates at the throat a.

The surface of the bed and the surface of the rest E must be in substantially the same inclined plane. In the rear end of the rest E, I introduce studs F F, projecting therefrom, and upwardly inclined in a plane parallel with the plane of the bed and rest. These studs are best made from round rods cut to the required length, and driven into corresponding holes in the rest.

The bed B is constructed with downwardly-projecting cars G, through which holes b are made corresponding to the studs F F, and so that the bed set upon the studs F will move freely thereon as guides, and the bed be retained in its proper relative position to the rest. The employment of these studs as guides is very much cheaper than the planed seat hitherto generally employed, as the holes for the studs as well as the corresponding holes in the bed are readily drilled by a pair of drills arranged for the purpose, so that the relative position of the two parts is assured.

To adjust the bed, a third stud, H, is arranged in the rest between the studs F F. This stud is screw-threaded, and in a lug, I, which extends down from the bed, a nut, L, is arranged. This nut is free for rotation, but prevented from longitudinal movement (here represented as so prevented) by a screw, d, through the lug into a corresponding annular groove in the body of the nut. The nut is fitted at its outer end with a head, M, by which it may be conveniently turned. The nut is internally threaded, corresponding to the stud H, and so that by turning the nut the bed will be moved accordingly.

Instead of two studs a single stud may be employed and accomplish a good result. I do not limit this part of my invention, therefore, to the employment of the two studs F F.

To engage the clamp with the bed, I construct the bed with an upwardly-projecting T-shaped stud, N, which will pass through the central slot in the plane-iron, so that the iron may be placed upon the bed and rest. The clamp D is constructed with a longitudinal slot, P, T- shaped in transverse section, as seen in Fig. 7. This slot is inclined from the lower end backward and upward from the plane of the under side of the plate, the opening of the slot being upon the under side.

The head of the stud N enters the lower end, R, of the slot, and then, as the clamp is forced downward, the inclined T part of the slot engages the shoulder of the stud N, as seen in Figs. 5 and 7, the incline acting as a wedge to draw the clamp down upon the plane-iron, and thereby serve to clamp the iron to the bed, and so that a quite firm engagement may be made by simply thus forcing the clamp downward; but to make a firm engagement a set-screw, S, through the clamp is provided, to bear upon the iron above the point where the stud N engages, and so that the stud forms a fulcrum upon which the clamp will act as a lever, its forward or lower end bearing upon the iron below the stud and the screw above.

Instead of making the inclined slot in the clamp and fixing the stud to the bed, this order may be reversed, and the inclined slot made in the bed and the stud fixed to the clamp. In such construction, it will be understood the incline will be reversed — that is, so as to draw the clamp toward the bed by the downward movement of the clamp.

Considerable difficulty is experienced in the use of this class of planes, from the fact that the great resistance offered to the working of the plane — as, for instance, in striking a knot — tends to turn the iron out of its proper position, the natural friction between the clamp and bed not being sufficient to hold the iron. To overcome this difiiculty, I apply to the clamp a facing, T, of non-metallic material, preferably of india-rubber. This is best made by the introduction of a strip of rubber across the lower end of the clamp, as seen in Fig. 1; but it may be applied at other positions, and advantageously so, at about the point where the screw bears — that is, an india-rubber or other non-metallic shoe may be applied to the lower end of the screw to bear upon the surface of the plane-iron — or this non-metallic bearing-surface may be arranged upon the bed, or upon the rest beneath the plane-iron; or it may be applied both to the clamp and to the bed, it only being essential to this part of my invention that there shall be a non-metallic bearing-surface for the plane-iron.

I claim —

1. In a plane substantially such as described, the combination of one or more inclined guiding-studs, F, fixed in the stock, the bed B, constructed to ride upon said inclined stud, mechanism, substantially such as described, to hold the plane-iron upon the bed, an inclined adjusting-screw and nut whereby said bed and the iron which it carries are made adjustable upon said stud, substantially as described.

2. In a plane substantially such as described, the combination of one or more inclined guiding-studs, F, the correspondingly-inclined screw-stud H, the bed B, constructed to ride upon said inclined stud, and the nut L, arranged in said bed, fixed as to longitudinal movement but free for rotation, substantially as described.

WILLIAM B. FENN.

Witnesses:
JOS. C. EARLE,
J. H. SHUMWAY.

No. 285,546 – Bench-Plane (Leonard Bailey) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”342″]285546

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 285,546, dated September 25, 1883.
Application filed July 11, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, whereby a person skilled in the art can make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Like letters in the figures indicate the same parts.

Figure 1 is a plan view of the upper side of the plane in a line at right angles to the plane of the iron parts broken away. Fig. 2 is a side view of a plane having my improvement. Fig. 3 is a view in central vertical longitudinal section of same on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a view in cross-section on plane denoted by line y y of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a detail bottom view of my improved clamp. Fig. 6 is a detail side view of same.

My invention relates to the class of devices used for holding the cutting-iron of a plane in place in the body in such manner as to allow of the ready adjustment of the iron lengthwise in the usual manner.

It consists in the special combination and arrangement ofthe parts making up the clamping device, and in the method of fastening it in the plane-body.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter a denotes the plane-body as a whole, formed of any ordinary material, as iron; b and c, handles for grasping and using the plane; d, a cutting-iron of ordinary form arranged upon a bed, e, so as to be protruded from the usual mortise, f, by means of any slow-motion device, as a series of intermeshing cog-wheels, g, operated by means of the thumb-screw h.

There is nothing new or original with me in the parts described thus far, and no further description is needed for one skilled in making or using planes.

In the style shown the plane-body a is of iron, with the upright side flanges, a’ a”, and on the inner side of each of these danges the corresponding mortises, k k’, are made substantially parallel in direction with the plane of the cutting-iron, and a short distance above or in front of its upper surface.

The letter l denotes the clamp-plate, having the foot l’, adapted to bear upon the face of the cutting-iron, or on the cap-iron d’, placed just over and upon it, and having arranged upon its under side, just in front of a transverse shoulder, the laterally-projecting arm m, adjustably attached to the clamp-plate by means of the screw n. This arm is so arranged that its opposite ends fit into and move in the mortises in the flanges, and form the fulcrum on which the clamp works in fastening the irons in place. In the upper end of the clamp-plate is placed a clamp, o, consisting of a shaft, o’, which is rotarily secured with its lower end bearing upon the cutting-iron about on its center line, and bears the lever p, which extends beyond the edges of the clamp-plate, and operates in connection with the face-cam r on its under side.

The particular object of my invention is to secure a firm and even bearing for the foot of the clamp upon the irons under it, to provide simple means for regulating the pressure of the clamp at will, and yet have it constant for any given set of irons, and have all the requisite parts simple in form, combination, and operation.

The arm m is loosely attached to the clamp-plate, so that the foot of the latter may find a bearing for its whole length on the iron under it, and the ends of the arm at the same time bear upon the sides of the mortises when the clamp-plate is clamped.

The clamp-plate and arm may be connected, so that the arm will tilt or work by means of a rivet or short bolt; but I prefer to use the screw herein shown and described, as I can then adjust the amount of pressure put upon the parts in clamping the irons in place, and vary it as the parts wear, or for different irons adapted to the same body.

In the drawings the clamp is shown as locked; but it is unlocked by turning the lever about ninety degrees to the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, as this allows the shaft to slip upward through the clamp as the lever moves along the cam. By pulling straight back, the clamp may be removed as the arms slide out of the mortises. By means of the screw n the arm is raised or lowered with respect to the clamp-plate and the binding force of the shaft-lever and cam is adjusted.

I am aware that clamp-plates bearing cam devices for fastening the irons in place are not new, and these I do not broadly claim.

I claim as my invention —

1. In combination, the plane-body having the side flanges with inward-facing mortises, and the clamp-plate bearing the loosely-attached arin, adapted to operate in said mortises and the clamp, all substantially as described.

2. In combination, the mortised plane-body, the clamp-plate bearing the adjustable arm attached thereto by the centrally-located screw, and having the face-cam, and the rotary shaft bearing the lever operating on said cam, all substantially as described.

3. In combination, in a plane having the lateral mortises or bearings, the clamp-iron bearing the loosely-connected arm arranged transversely of the clamp-iron, and adjacent to the arm, the shoulder, or its equivalent, whereby the arm is held against rotation, all substantially as described.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
CHAS. L. BURDETT,
E. F. DIMOCK.

No. 284,777 – Beading-Tool (Justus A. Traut) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”339″]284777

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BEADING-TOOL.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 284,777, dated September 11, 1883.
Application filed June 12, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Beading-Tools, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in beading-tools; and the objects of my improvements are the convenient adjustment for different sizes of cutters, and to make a cheap, efficient, and convenient tool especially adapted for forming beads. I attain these objects by the simple construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved beading-tool. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof. Fig. 3 is a reversed plan view. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of one part of the stock. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the confronting face of the companion part of the stock. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the gage; and Fig. 7 is a vertical section of my beading-tool on line x x of Fig. 1, the same being represented with the cutter as drawn up a little, in order to better show the lower working faces of the stock.

My beading-tool is designed for use by hand, the same as other bench-tools — such as plows, planes, &c. — and belongs to that class of tools known under the general term of “bench-planes.”

A designates the main portion of the stock, the same being provided with a suitable handle, a, either separately formed and attached thereto or made all in one and the same piece, as may be desired. This part of the stock, instead of being specially designed for a beading-tool and nothing else, may, if desired, be so formed as to constitute a part of a plow, dado, or other planing-tool. A’ designates the companion part of the plane-stock. Both of these parts have a groove, b, Figs. 4 and 5, upon their inner face, for the reception of a cutting-bit or cutter, and when the parts are put together these grooves are directly opposite to each other, and form, in substance, a single seat for the two edges of one cutter, c. The two parts of the stock are united by means of guide-rods B B, which are rigidly secured to the main part A of the stock, while the companion part, A’, is arranged to slide upon said rods. This companion part, A’, of the stock is provided with a screw or bolt, d, which is rigidly secured to said part, and which passes through an orifice in the main part A of the stock. The end of this screw is provided with a thumb-nut, g, which, with the screw d, acts as a clamping mechanism. The working-faces s s of the stock A and A’ are quite small and narrow, as shown. The cutter c, of any desirable width, is placed with its two opposite edges in the groove b in the stock, and the thumb-screw g is tightened to bind said cutter edgewise firmly in place. This arrangement not only allows for inserting cutters of different widths and of different shapes at the cutting end, but also constitutes a new means for clamping a cutter within the stock, and the ordinary means for securing the cutter are thereby dispensed with.

Upon the rods B B, which connect the two parts of the stock, the gage C is secured, and provided with set-screws h for adjusting it in any desired position. This gage is recessed upon its inner face, as shown at k, Figs. 1 and 6, so that it may receive bodily into it the lower edge of the part A’ of the stock, and thereby cover up, on one side of the tool, that portion of the cutter c which cuts a groove by the side of the bead, so that the tool may be used for forming a bead at the corner of an article when desired.

n n designate spurs for cutting the grain of the wood, which spurs are substantially the same as in other tools of this class.

D designates the bottom gage for regulating the depth of the cut, which gage is substantially the same as that used in plows and analogous tools. The grooves b in the stock are formed with the bottom substantially flush with the outside of the stock at its lower end, as shown most clearly in Fig. 7, whereby the outer faces of the stock are always substantially flush with the outer vertical faces of the cutter, no matter what width of cutter is secured between the two parts of the stock. This fea-
ture in a plane-stock composed of two parts, so as to always bring the outer vertical faces of the stock in proper position to the cutter, is found in am prior patent issued to myself March 4, 1873, but 11ot in connection with the manner of clamping the tool hereinbefore described.

I claim as my invention —

In a bench-plane, the combination of the two-part stock having cutter-grooves formed in the confronting faces of said parts, for receiving the edge of the cutter, and mechanism for binding the two parts of the stock upon the cutter to clamp it edgewise, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
HENRY S. WALTER,
WILLIAM j. WORAM.

No. 279,885 – Bench-Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”336″]279885

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST, OF PINE MEADOWS, ASSIGNORS TO THE MERIDEN PATENT NOVELTY COMPANY, OF MERIDEN, CONN.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 279,885, dated June 19, 1883.
Application filed February 24, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTHUR, E. RUST, citizens of the United States, residing at Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Our invention relates to improvements in what are termed “block-planes;” and the object is to produce a plane in which the bottom or face of the plane can be easily adjusted to the iron by means of a hinge motion in back part of plane, and to produce a clamping-bar with central point bearing against a central bearing, cast solid with the frame without a core, and to form a check-nut and knob on the adjusting-screw, and also to simplify the general construction and operation.

Our invention consists in constructing a block-plane so that the plane bit or iron which projects through the mouth or opening can be adjusted, as desired, to form an open or close mouth, and to suit the nature of the work to be performed in an expeditious manner. The bottom or face of the plane is hinged to the rear part of the skeleton frame or stock, and is adjusted by means of a flat wheel on an adjusting screw or stud, and fitting with one side under lugs cast on the frame at its front end, and with the other side against two cross-bars, also cast on said frame. A check-nut and knob on said adjusting-screw secures and locks the wheel in place.

It also consists in holding the bit or plane-iron in place by a screw in the clamping-bar against said iron, while said clamping-bar bears with its upper side against a central point east solid in the frame, and which forms a fulcrum for it. The lower side of the plane-iron rests against two cross-bars, also cast solid with the frame.

It also consists in adjusting the open and close mouth without a movable front piece; and it also consists in the construction and arrangement of certain parts of a plane, as will be more fully described hereinafter, and specifically pointed out in the claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon.

Like letters indicate like parts in the different figures of the drawings, in which —

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the plane. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 4 is a top view of the bottom of the plane. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of the frame. Fig. 7 is a top view of the same. Fig. 8 is an end view of the same.

In the drawings, A represents the skeleton frame or stock, consisting of the side pieces, a a, connected by a series of cross pieces or bars, one of which, b’, forming the hinge-pin for the bottom B, and another one, c, being the central bearing for the clamping-bar C. The bottom is provided with a lug, b, into which the bar b’ fits, and is held in place by a clamping-plate, b”, and screw b”’. At the forward end of the plane is arranged a screw, D, upon which a flat milled wheel, E, is screwed, fitting with its upper surface under lugs d, cast on each side or wall of the frame, and with its lower surface bearing on two bars, e and f. A milled clamping-screw or check-nut, F, secures the wheel in its locked position. By this arrangement the bottom or face of the plane can be adjusted, to a nicety to the plane iron or bit. The bars e and f are provided with raised parts e’ and f’, to form a more perfect adjustment for the wheel. The clamping-bar C secures the plane iron or bit G in position by means of a screw, g, which forces the bar G against a central bearing, h, on the bar c, cast solid with the frame and without the use of a core. The lower side of the plane iron or bit rests on two cross-bars, i k, also cast on the frame. The bottom is provided with two curved ears, l, which it closely into corresponding recesses formed in the frame, and they serve to hold the bottom in position and prevent any lateral movement. It will be readily seen that by screwing the face or bottom close down or tight, and setting the iron or bit, an open mouth is formed; and by letting the face or bottom down and then setting the iron or bit a very close mouth is obtained. A much greater pitch is also obtained by having the adjustment at the front end of the plane than if on the back under the cutting-iron, which is a great advantage, as it makes a much smoother cut. The bit can be adjusted nicely to coarse or fine work.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, a flat wheel, E, for adjusting the size of the throat of the plane, and having its bearings on the bars e f and under lugs d, as shown, in combination with ascrew, D, secured to the hinged bottom B, substantially as specified.

2. The adjustable bottom B, hinged at the rear end of the frame A by means of a bar, b’, having bearings in a lug, b, and held by a clamping-plate, b”, and adjusted at the front end by a screw, D, and wheel E, in the manner shown and set forth.

3. The frame A, provided with a bar, c, having a central bearing, h, for forming a fulcrum for the clamping-bar C, provided with a screw, g, by which the bit G is held in place in the plane, substantially as specified.

4. The skeleton frame A, provided with bars e f and lugs d d, forming bearings for the wheel E, a bar, c, having central bearing, h, against which the clamping-bar G bears, and the pivot-bar b’, forming the hinge-bar for the adjustable bottom, and all cast in one piece, as set forth.

5. The method of and means herein described for adjusting the bottom B to form an open and close mouth — that is to say, connecting the bottom to the frame by a hinge-joint, b b’ b”, and adjusting it by a screw, D, and wheel E, substantially in the manner shown and specified.

6. In a plane, a wheel, E, for adjusting the size of the throat, having bearings on bars e f, and under lugs d, and a lock-nut, F, for securing said wheel, in combination with the screw D, secured to the hinged bottom B, as shown and described.

7. The combination of a hinged bottom, B, provided with curved ears l, fitting into corresponding recesses in the sides of the skeleton frame A, with a bit, G, held in place by a clamping-bar, C, and thumb-screw g, the stationary screw D, and wheel E, for adjusting the bottom, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

8. The plane herein described, consisting of the skeleton frame A, to which the bottom B is hinged adjustably, in combination with a screw, D, clamping-wheel E, check-nut F, bit G, clamping-bar C, with screw g, and central bearing-point, all constructed and arranged substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof we hereby affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
E. M. CHAPIN,
E. E. KELLOGG.

No. 258,988 – Bench-Plane (William S. Case) (1882)

[paiddownloads id=”322″]258988

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM S. CASE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 258,988, dated June 6, 1882.
Application filed March 17, 1882. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM S. CASE, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, whereby a person skilled in the art can make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Like letters in the figures indicate the same parts.

My improvement relates to a new mechanism for adjusting the iron of a bench-plane to a greater or less depth of cut; and its object is to provide a simpler and cheaper device than has heretofore been in use for this purpose, and at the same time one which can be readily and easily operated.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through the middle of the plane. Fig. 2 is a top view with the plane-iron removed so as to show the working parts. Fig. 3 is a front view of the cam which operates the lever which moves the plane-iron up or down.

A is the stock of an ordinary plane furnished with a handle and knob in the customary manner.

B is the bit, and C the cap, of the plane-iron. The bit and cap are held together by means of the screw D, which screws into the cap and moves in a slot in the bit to adjust the position of the two parts in the customary manner.

E is a metallic plate attached to the stock A, for the purpose of holding the working parts of the plane.

The plane-iron is held in place by the wedge F, which passes under the bar G, and is provided with a set-screw, H, which clamps the plane-iron against the bearings E’ and the back of the bottom of the slot in the stock.

J is a forked lever turning upon a pin, K, passing through lugs upon the plate E. The forward end of this lever is single. It passes through the slot in the bit B and enters a hole or notch in the cap C. The rear end of this lever is forked, and embraces a swinging cam, L, upon the rocking lever M.

M is a lever swinging laterally upon the pin N, by which it is attached to the plate E. Upon its front side is the cam L for operating the lever J, one of the forks of the said lever resting on the top and the other on the bottom of the cam. The movement of the lever M to the right or left raises or lowers the plane-iron, so that its edge will project more or less through the throat of the plane to adjust it to different degrees of depth in the cut. When the rear end of the lever M is pushed to the right it depresses the rear of the lever J and raises its forward end. This lifts the cap and carries with it the bit. To lower the bit the rear of the lever M is pushed to the left, which reverses the movements above described.

What I claim as my invention is —

In a bench-plane, the combination of the laterally-swinging lever M, provided with the cam L and the vertically-swinging forked Iever J, pivoted to the plate or frame E, with the said plate and the plane-iron, substantially as described.

WILLIAM S. CASE.

Witnesses:
EDWIN F. DIMOCK,
THEO. G. ELLIS.

No. 257,981 – Bench-Plane (Solon R. Rust) (1882)

[paiddownloads id=”320″]257981

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 257,981, dated May 16, 1882.
Application filed September 8, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SOLON R. RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, whereof the following is a description, reference being had to the accornpanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a side view of a plane embodying my said improvement — an “iron plane” — with a portion of the side of the stock represented as broken away. Fig. 2 is a. view of the same plane from above, with the plane-iron, cap-iron, and fastening-lever removed. Fig. 3 is a view in central vertical lengthwise section of a modification.

The improvement is one in that kind or class of planes wherein the bed on which the “cutting-iron” rests, the cutting-iron, (with the “cap-iron,” if there be one,) and the clamping or fastening-in lever all move together in the ordinary longitudinal adjustment of the cutting-iron; and the improvement consists in such an organization and combination of parts that this bed, cutting-iron, and fastening-lever may be put into and taken out of the plane-stock when assembled together as a whole,instead of having to put them into and take them out of the stock separately, as has heretofore been the case.

The letter a denotes the stock of an iron plane as a whole, consisting, in general terms, of the bottom plate and two side plates rising therefrom. The inner sides of these side plates bear the ways b, and in them rests and slides the bed c, bearing underneath the lug d, through which a shaft, e, runs, it bearing at the rear end a head or button whereby to rotate it, and it being threaded at the other end and there taking into a corresponding female thread made in a portion of the stock a. Where this shaft traverses the lug d it has an annular groove made in its periphery, into which the pin f meshes. By rotating this threaded shaft e the bed c is moved up and down in its ways.

The letter g denotes a fulcrum-bar carried by and upon the bed c. The letter h denotes the clamping-lever, which finds a fulcrum on this bar g. One end of this lever bears on the cap-iron i, (if there be one, otherwise directly on the plane-iron j,) and the upper end of this lever carries a set-screw, k, which bears on the upper end of the cap-iron (if there be one) with any desired pressure, and thus holds the cutting-iron, cap-iron, and itself firmly to the bed c, so that the plane-iron can be adjusted by adjusting the bed c by means of the screw-shaft e.

In Fig. 3 I show a modification wherein the fulcrum or fulcrum-bar is attached to the clamping-lever, and, running down through the “irons,” takes hold of the bed, the irons being rnortised for the passage of the fulcrum-bar, and the bed having a mortise which permits the enlarged head or end of this bar to pass through it at one point, but catches and holds it by its neck at another point.

It will be seen from this description that the iron, the bed on which the iron rests, and the clamping-lever may be put into and taken out of the stock as a whole, and that they all move together in the ordinary longitudinal adjustment of the iron.

I am aware that the prior art contains plane-irons made adjustable by a screw. See, for instance, the patent to H A. Gateley, No.146,588, dated January 20, 1874, which has a double iron, but no movable bed — a construction that necessitates (as my construction does not) a loosening of the clamping-lever before the adjusting-screw can be operated.

I am also aware that the prior art contains a combination of movable bed, plane-iron, adjustable screw or the like, and clamping-lever, where the clamping-lever does not take its fulcrum on the movable bed. See, for instance, patent to G. M. Thompson, No. 153,399, dated July 21, 1874; but that construction does not (as my construction does) admit of the placement and displacement of the bed, iron, and clamping-lever as an assembled whole in and out of the plane-stock.

I am also aware that the prior art contains the combination of movable bed, plane-iron, and clamping-lever taking its fulcrum on the movable bed, when the movable bed is not hung in ways in the side plates of the stock, but is hung on a headed screw running through a longitudinal slot made in the movable bed into the solid stock, as shown in O.R. Chaplin’s Patent No. 126,519, dated May 7, 1872 — another construction that does not admit (as my construction does) of the placement and displacement of the movable bed, iron, and clamping-lever as an assembled whole.

One prominent advantage cf having the movable bed, iron, and clamping-lever admit of placement and displacement as an assembled whole is this: When a plane is in constant use it must be taken out of the stock a number of times each day to be ground and sharpened. When the iron goes back into the stock it must be adjusted relatively to the movable bed each time, (independent of the adjustment by the adjusting-screw,) and this adjustment can in my construction be made while the movable bed and iron are out of the stock — a thing which cannot be done in any structure of said prior art-and may be done much more easily than when the movable bed, iron, and clamping-lever are in the stock.

I claim as my improvement —

The stock a, provided with ways b in the side plates thereof, the bed c, hung in such ways, the cutting-iron j, and the clamping-lever k, taking its fulcrum on bed c, all combined substantially as described, for the purpose set forth.

SOLON R. RUST.

Witnesses:
ARTHUR E. RUST,
NATHAN MORSE.

No. 242,740 – Flexible-Faced Plane (Leonard Bailey) (1881)

[paiddownloads id=”313″]242740

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

FLEXIBLE-FACED PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 242,740, dated June 14, 1881.
Application filed November 13, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Hartford, in the State of Connecticut, have invented certain Improvements in Flexible-Faced Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of planes in which the face is made flexible, so that by means of a screw or equivalent device it may be adapted to concave or convex surfaces of different degrees of curvature; and it consists in improvements upon these planes, as now constructed, in four particulars.

In the drawings, I have shown in Figure 1 a side elevation of a plane embodying my improvements, and in Fig. 2 a longitudinal section of the same.

The first part of my invention relates to the screw for regulating the degree of curvature of the face, and more especially to the method of attaching it to the stock, so that it shall be capable of adjustment in case of wear by use.

In the Letters Patent to Charles H. Sawyer dated April 16, 1867, numbered 63,948, is described a screw passing through the center of the handle or stock, and attached to a piece which is rigidly fastened to the upper surface of the face, by means of which screw the curvature of the face is regulated. It is a matter of great importance in tools of this character that the adjusting-screw should be firmly fixed at the base and yet be permitted to turn freely. When, however, the base of the screw attached to the face, or to a piece of metal affixed to the face, becomes worn, which will happen after the tool has been used for a while, it ceases to be firmly held and becomes loose, and consequently more or less unfitted for use, or altogether useless. It is very desirable, therefore, to provide such means for adjusting the screw, in case of wear, as will overcome this difticulty. In the Sawyer patent referred to no means are provided to overcome the difficulty. I accomplish this very important object by the first part of my invention and in the following way: In the forward part of the stock a is a place for the reception of the base b’ of the screw b, which is somewhat larger in diameter than the main part of the screw. Upon the screw, below the piece c, is placed the nut d, which is of the same diameter as the base b’, and adapted to slide up and down the main part of the screw b. This nut d is fitted with screw-threads, which fit into screw-threads inside the place provided in the stock a for the reception of the base b’ of the screw. Around the periphery of this nut d are countersunk places d’ d’. When the base b’ of the screw b is placed inside of the place in the stock provided for its reception the nut d is to be screwed down and into this place. By this means the screw b is held firmly, and yet may be readily turned. When the screw becomes loose by reason of wear occasioned by use it may be readily tightened by screwing down the nut d sufficiently to accomplish this object. This may be done by means of the countersunk places d’ d’, in which any suitable tool may be inserted to turn the nut d. The screw b passes through the piece c, within which are screw-threads, with which the screw b engages. This piece is fastened to the frame e. Above this piece is the nut f, which travels along the screw b, the office of which is to assist in holding the screw b at any desired point. This is accomplished by screwing the nut f down to the piece c.

The second part of my invention relates to the frame to which the flexible face is attached, (marked e in the drawings,) and consists in making it of two pieces instead of one, as is now the case. This change will be found to be an important one in respect of ease and economy in manufacture, for instead of casting the entire frame in one piece, as is necessary in case of planes as they are now made, the two parts may be struck out of sheet metal and bent into the proper shape. These two pieces are united by the pins h h, with the rods i i connecting the frame e with the flexible face j, the rods turning upon the pins k k, by which they are attached to the face. Just above the rods i i are placed the handles m m, held in place by the screws n n.

The third part of my invention consists of a device for detaching the face from the stock when desired without injury to the former; and consists of the plate o, to which the face is permanently riveted, and which is connected with the stock a by means of two screws, o’ o’, passing through the stock and into but not through the plate o. Through this plate o and the face pass the cutting-irons p p. By the use of this device the face is rigidly attached to the frame, but can be easily detached by removing the screws o’ o’ without in any way injuring the face or affecting its smoothness, which it is of the utmost importance to preserve, and which would be impaired if the face were fastened directly to the frame or stock by means of screws passing through the face, as is now generally the case. This part of my invention is adapted to all classes of planes.

I am aware that in the Letters Patent to Samuel D. Sargent, dated June 17, 1879, and numbered 216,577, a transverse recess adjacent to the throat and attached to the stock, and an independent throat-piece fitted to said recess and attached to the face, are described and shown; but my invention, just described, differs from that, inasmuch as the plate o is not a throat-piece, and has no other office or use than to attach the face to the stock in such manner as that it may be readily detached, and its mode of attachment to the stock is entirely different.

The fourth part of my invention consists in providing a head, q, in place of a crank, such as is used by Sawyer, as described by him in his said Letters Patent, for the purpose of turning the screw b, and an improved method of attaching this head to the screw, which is done by inserting the head in the slot r in the upper end of the screw b and holding the head in place by the screw s. By this means the screw b may be more readily turned, and also the head may be more easily attached or detached, as desired.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with flexible face j, piece c, stock a, and the frame to which they are attached, of screw b, having flange b’, and nut or collar d, which engages with a recessed part of said stock and operates to hold said stock and screw together, substantially as set forth.

2. A plane-frame consisting of two corresponding sheet-metal side plates, which may be stamped or struck up by the same die, said plates being fastened at their ends by cross pins or rods, substantially as set forth.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
HENRY E. TAINTOR,
EDWARD B. BENNETT.

No. 219,186 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Justus A. Traut) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”305″]219186

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 219,186, dated September 2, 1879; application filed June 9, 1879.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section of a bench-plane which embodies my invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the same, taken on a plane parallel with the plane-iron and just under it; and Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a detached part thereof.

The invention is principally designed for a cheap plane with a wooden stock.

The first part of the invention relates to the manner of and devices for securing the cap A, which holds the plane-iron in place. B designates the stock, made of wood, and throated or mortised out for the plane-iron, like ordinary plane-stocks. C designates a frame composed of a slotted plate, a, and two arms, b b, with rounded ends. This plate extends laterally, so as to span the front of the mortise in the stock, and its arms extend backward by the sides thereof. This frame C is secured to the stock by means of a screw extending through the slot in the plate of said frame.

Notches are formed in the upper side of the cap A, near the edges, as shown in Fig. 1, which receive the ends of the arms b b, said arms, when the frame is secured, forming bearings for the cap to swing on, and to hold it against the plane-irons D when the screw c is tightened.

A cap swinging on bearings and provided with tightening-screw is not new with me, but the peculiar construction of these bearings enables me to dispense with a long iron frame upon the top of the stock, usually employed in wooden planes having such a cap, and, furthermore, the mortise in different stocks will vary somewhat, so that it is oftentimes desirable to secure the plate farther up or down upon the inclined side of the mortise, to bring the ends of the arms b b at the proper distance from the plane-iron. The slot in the plate of the frame enables this adjustment to be made, after which the screw is tightened to secure the frame in place.

The adjusting device which I employ in this style of plane is in the nature of an improvement upon the compound-lever adjustment patented to Henry Richards and myself in Re-issue No. 7,565, dated March 20, 1877 . A narrow mortise is made in the stock under the plane-iron D, in the middle of its width, and upon the bottom of said mortise I secure the base E of the adjusting device to the stock. This base has two standards or projections, d e, in the former of which is the fulcrum for the main lever F, and in the latter is one fulcrum of the angle-lever G. This angle-lever, as its name implies, has two arms, the outer end of one of which arms is pivoted to the standard e, and the outer end of the other arm is pivoted to the lever F, between its fulcrum and its free or handle end. This lever G is slotted longitudinally, so that the main lever passes through and works in said slot, the two opposite sides of the angle-lever being connected by a bridge or pad, f, as shown. The upper side of this pad is provided with fine transverse serrations, and the under side of the plane-iron is serrated in like manner. The top of the pad is slightly rounded. The position of the adjusting device upon the stock should be such that the serrated pad is nearly under or opposite the end of the tightening-screw c. In fact, one of the advantages of this construction of the compound lever is that the connection with the plane-iron may be directly opposite the tightening-screw., so that fine serrations may be employed without any danger of disengagement by the springing of the plane-iron, because the tightening-screw will not allow the iron to spring at that point.

The plane-iron is set in position with its end somewhere near the bottom face of the stock, and then its upper end is allowed to engage the serrated surface of the bridge on the angle-lever. The cap-plate is then placed and secured in position, as shown in Fig. 1. Pressing down upon the outer end of the main lever F will depress the arm of the angle-lever, which is pivoted to said main lever, causing the angle-lever to turn on its fulcrum in the standard e, when the bridge will be carried forward, and the plane-iron with it, to project its cutting-edge more or less, as may be desired. The reverse movement of the lever draws the plane-iron backward.

I am aware that the plane-iron and various adjusting devices having coarse notches or serrations taking into each other at various points not opposite the tightening-screw have heretofore been used, and I hereby disclaim the same.

I claim —

1. In a bench-plane, the frame C, composed of slotted plate a and arms b b, in combination with an ordinary wooden plane-stock and holding-cap, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination of the holding-cap having tightening-screw at its upper end, the plane-iron with fine serrations upon the underside, and an adjusting mechanism having a finely-serrated pad for engaging those in the iron, and with said pad located opposite the proper position for the tightening-screw, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination of the base-plate E, the main lever F, pivoted thereto, and the angle-lever G, having one of its arms pivoted to said base-plate and the other arm pivoted to the main lever, and also provided with a device for connecting it with the plane-iron, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
T. A. CONKLIN,
JAMES SHEPARD.

No. 216,577 – Improvement In Flexible-Faced Plane-Stocks (Samuel D. Sargent) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”303″]216577

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL D. SARGENT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN FLEXIBLE-FACED PLANE-STOCKS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 216,577, dated June 17, 1879; application filed April 16, 1879.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL D. SARGENT, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flexible Faced Plane-Stocks, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists of the combination, in a flexible-faced plane-stock, of the body of the stock, having a transverse recess adjacent to the throat, with an independent throat-piece fitted to said recess and having the flexible face attached, as hereinafter described; also, in the throat-piece, of malleable metal, independent or otherwise, and provided with a series of lugs rigidly formed in one and the same piece with the throat-piece, in combination with the flexible face-plate having a series of holes through which said lugs pass, as hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a flexible-faced plane-stock which embodies my invention. Fig. 2 is alongitudinal section of the same through one side of the stock. Fig. 3 is a detached portion of the flexible-faced plate and attached throat-piece of the same. Fig. 4 is a detached under-side view of said throat-piece, and Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view on line x x of Fig. 3.

The flexible-faced stock, the mechanism for adjusting said face-plate, and the mechanism for adjusting the plane-iron are, with the exception of the parts hereinafter described, substantially the same as shown in the two patents to H. M. Clark, September 25, 1877; but they may be of any other style or kind.

The body of the stock A, I make of iron and with a dovetailed groove transversely across the bottom at the point where the throat a is designed to be located.

A dovetailed throat-piece, B, is fitted snugly into said groove, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. This throat-piece has the ordinary throat a formed in it, through which throat the cutting-bit or plane-iron extends.

The flexible face-plate C is firmly secured to said throat-piece before it is inserted in the stock.

Heretofore, so far as I know, the flexible face-plates of circular plane-stocks have been secured directly and permanently to the stock, and generally by screws the heads of which were ground or polished off so as to take out the slot therein. A face-plate so secured could not be removed for repairs by an ordinary carpenter, and in any event could only be removed with more or less difficulty.

I intend to have the stocks and throat-pieces made by machinery and all alike, so that in case it is desired to remove the flexible face-plate and replace it with a new one it is only necessary to disconnect the ends of the face-plate and drive out the throat-piece.

A new face-plate can be ordered from the factory and inserted in its place, all of which can be done by any ordinary carpenter or mechanic, and without returning the plane-stock to the factory.

Thus it will be seen that the throat-piece and its attached face-plate are both attachable and detachable from the stock, whereby I call the throat-piece an independent one.

So far as the above feature of my invention goes the face-plate may be secured to the independent throat-piece by screws, rivets, or in other ordinary manner; but I prefer the method hereinafter described, and which constitutes the second feature of my invention.

I make the throat-piece of some kind of malleable metal, (good malleable iron will answer,)
and with a series of lugs, b, upon its under side. A mill is then run over the surface of the throat-piece both lengthwise and crosswise, to mill the entire surface, except that occupied by the lugs, leaving them square, as shown in Fig. 4.

A series of holes of corresponding shape and location are punched in the face-plate, which holes are conntersunk on the face side of the plate by a proper revolving tool. The lugs of the throat-piece are then driven into the holes in the plate, their ends upset or riveted, and then polished off, when the plate is ready for use.

The under face of the throat-piece outside of the lugs may be slightly rounded, and said piece may be made so thick that the face-plate will project slightly below the other parts of the stock, so that a good convex curve may be given to the face of said plate.

A few of the advantages of the solid lugs on the throat-piece are as follows, viz: Being short and solid, there is only the thickness of the plate for them to stretch, give, or work in, whereby they form a much firmer fastening than screws or rivets, which are necessarily longer, and the lugs may be set nearer to the throat a, especially with reference to the beveled side of the throat, thereby allowing the greatest possible freedom in bending the face-plate of the stock, while at the same time it is secured firmly.

I have herein described this second feature of my invention as embodied in an independent throat-piece; but if desired the same rigid lugs might be formed contiguous to the throat in the stock, the stock and throat-piece being made of a single piece of malleable iron, in which case the throat-piece would not be an independent one, but all the advantage of a firm fastening, by reason of short lugs and of fastening the face-plate near the edge of the throat, would be embodied in such a stock.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a flexible-faced plane-stock, the body of the stock, having a transverse recess adjacent to the throat, in combination with an independent throat-piece itted to said recess and having the flexible face attached, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a flexible-faced plane-stock, the throat-piece, of malleable metal, independent or otherwise, and provided with a series of lugs rigidly formed in one and the same piece with the throat-piece, in combination with the flexible face-plate having a series of holes through which said lugs pass, substantially as described, and fbr the purpose specified.

SAMUEL D. SARGENT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
WILL. B. THOMSON.

No. 207,599 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Henry A. Foss) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”294″]207599

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY A. FOSS, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO PHILIP E. CHAPIN, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 207,599, dated September 3, 1878; application filed April 15, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY A. FOSS, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements pertaining to a Carpenter’s Plane, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a top view of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a side view of same. Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the fastening-lever. Fig. 4 is a view of the fastening-lever in central longitudinal section. Fig. 5 is a side view of the lower end of the fastening-lever.

The letter a denotes the body or stock of a metallic plane. b denotes the plane-iron, which may or may not be supplemented by a cap-iron lying on a proper bed and running down to the throat. The letter c denotes the fastening-lever, bearing on its sides the fulcrum-ears d d, resting in the fulcrum-mortises e e, which are made in the plane-stock, provided near the upper end with the tightening-screw f and at the lower end with the rocking end g, which is pivoted to the fastening-lever in such shape as to allow it to rock and adjust itself to bear squarely and flatly on the plane-iron. To secure this rocking motion, the lower end of the fastening-lever is provided with the pivot-pin h, which runs through a corresponding pin-hole, i, in the rocking end, and is provided with a head on the under side. Preferably the spring j is also secured on this pin, bearing against the under side of the rocking end.

The sides of the plane-body are provided with or shaped into the swells k k, and the fulcrum-mortises e e are made just underneath these swells. These swells allow the passage of the fulcrurn-ears d d down to the fulcrum-mortises. Then, by sliding the fastening-lever slightly forward, the ears d d are carried to the forward ends of the mortises, which are inwardly shouldered, so that the ears lock under at this point. This construction not only allows the fulcrum-mortises to be cast, but the swells give a good gripe for the hand of the operator.

The letter l denotes a knob or handle, fastened to the fastening-lever c by having the screw l’ cast in or projecting from the fastening-lever, and running into the knob. Another mode of fastening on this or such a knob is illustrated by the knob m, which is driven into the ring m’, cast on or projecting from the floor of the plane-stock.

I claim as my invention —

1. In combination with the plane-body and plane-iron, the fastening-lever c, provided with the rocking end g, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. The fastening-lever c, provided with the screw l’, and combined with the knob l.

HENRY A. FOSS.

Witnesses:
JAMES WILEY,
O. T. HUNGERFORD.

No. 206,507 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Justus A. Traut) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”293″]206507

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 206,507, dated July 30, 1878; application filed June 3, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification:

The invention relates to that class of small planes known as “rounds,” “hollows,” “beading-planes,” &c.; and the invention has for its object the production of this class of planes in iron, whereby they are more durable and as cheap or cheaper than wooden ones, and also to make one or two handles and frames answer for many stocks or for a complete set, whereby they are less expensive and occupy less space for storage than those heretofore made.

My invention consists, first, of a plane handle and frame, having a longitudinal rabbet and provided with clamping mechanism, in combination with a separately-formed plane-stock and its cutter, adapted when united to be readily attached and detached to the side of said frame, as hereinafter described; and, second, in the particular clamping mechanism, as hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane which embodies my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the plane-stock detached; and Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line x x of Fig. 1.

A designates the handle, and B its frame, the latter having two depending lugs, a. (Indicated by broken lines in Fig. 1, and one of which is shown in Fig. 3.) These lugs are off-set a little from the body of the frame, so as to form a longitudinal rabbet to receive the stock C.

b b designate lever-nuts on the ends of screws c, which pass through the lugs a. These screws are made with a coarse thread on one end and a fine thread on the largest end, which is screwed into the lugs, the same fitting snugly, so as not to be easily rotated therein.

The bed e of the stock C may be of any desired form for any of the ordinary small planes — as, for instance, the round-bottom, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, or the hollowing bottom.
(Shown in Fig. 2.) The stock in each case will have its own cutting-iron attached thereto by any suitable means, so as to be united when detached from the frame, and also an upward-projecting flange, d, the same being slotted at proper points to receive the body of the screws c c, and preferably thickened a little by the sides of said slot, so that they may easily be dressed to a uniform thickness in all of the different stocks.

The upward-projecting flange d of the stock c extends from one side of the bed e, as shown most clearly in Fig. 3. whereby the stock, although of metal, may be made light, and also with ample room over the bed for the lever-nuts to work in and not have them interfere with the working of the plane.

When the stock is placed in the rabbet of the frame and the lever-nuts tightened, as shown in Fig. 1, the device is ready for use. When a different stock is wanted, the lever-nuts are thrown backward, the stock removed, and another substituted therefor by placing the flange d in the rabbet of the frame, the body of the screws meantime being received in the slots of the flange. The lever-nuts are then thrown forward to firmly bind the stock to the frame of the handle. The end of the screws which receives the nuts is made small, in order that it may be passed through the lugs a from the opposite side and not interfere with the finer thread in said lugs. The thread for the lever-nuts is made coarse, in order that only a partial turn may be necessary in order to tighten the stock in the frame, while the lever-nuts are made long enough to compensate for the loss of power consequent upon the use of the coarse thread. In case the lever-nuts do not stop in the right position when holding the stock, the position of the screw may be changed by means of a screw-driver inserted in the slotted end of the screws until they are adjusted to bring the lever-nuts home in the proper place, as shown in Fig. 1.

By fitting the fine thread snugly in the lugs and the coarse thread of a smaller diameter loosely in the nuts, the action of said nuts will not change the position ofthe screws.

By making a longitudinal rabbet in the frame and clamping one side of the stock at one of its upper corners to the side of said frame, the opposite side of the stock is wholly free from all projections, even in stocks of variable widths, (see Fig. 3,) whereby they may be worked flush up against a deep shoulder, as it is often desirable to do in this class of planes.

I am aware that planes have been made with detachable handles, connected by clamping mechanism to the rear upper corner of the plane-stock; also, that plane-stocks have been divided longitudinally in a horizontal plane, so that different-shaped bottoms and different cutting-irons could be used in connection with the common handle and top part of the stock, all of which prior devices are hereby disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

1. The plane handle and frame having a longitudinal rabbet and provided with clamping mechanism, in combination with a separately-formed plane-stock and its cutting-iron, adapted, when united, to be readily attached and detached to and from the side of said frame, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. The frame B, having screws c c, with fine and coarse threads, in combination with the lever-nuts b b and the slotted flange of a plane-stock, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
WILL. B. THOMSON.

No. 202,918 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Leonard Bailey) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”291″]202918

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 202,918, dated April 30, 1878; application filed February 20, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have made certain new and useful Improvements pertaining to Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a side view of the plane. Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section of the plane. Fig. 3 is a detail view of a modification hereinafter described.

The invention is a new adjustment for plane bits or irons, particularly adapted to metallic planes.

The letter a denotes a stud borne and having longitudinal play in a corresponding socket in the riser b. Its lower end bears a male screw-thread meshing into the round nut c, which lies in the socket d in the riser b. It is by the rotation of this nut by the hand or fingers of the operator that the stud-pin a is advanced or retracted. The top of this stud bears, when advanced, against the under side of the bit or iron e, thus availing to fasten it in place. When this stud-pin is retracted its hold on the bit is loosened. This stud-pin bears near the top a screw-pin, f, furnished with an operating-handle, g. When this pin f runs through the stud a its thread is right-handed, denoted by the letter h. Below this right-hand thread the pin is furnished with a left-hand thread, and this left-hand thread bears the button j, and this button bears the stud or pin k, entering one or the other of the series of holes l in the plane-bit.

This use of a right and left hand thread enables me to adjust the plane-bit with great rapidity and small movement, and is available for this purpose, whether it be hung in the stud a, or run through a rigid projection from the plane-body.

This use of a right and left hand thread also enables me to make the screw work in the stud without pinning it in or placing collars on the screw-shaft each side of the stud. This is not only an advantage in making, but also in using, the screw-shaft being removable without taking out such a pin or taking off such collars.

The pin f may, in some cases, have but a single thread, and in such case the button j is made stationary on the pin, but in such manner that the pin can turn in the button. This can be attained by the modification shown in fig. 3.

There is a feature of novelty connected with the handle g. This handle is hinged or pivoted to the end of the screw f. Ordinarily it stands out like a crank-arm, as shown in the drawings, and forms a ready means of rotating the screw f; but it has a peculiar advantage when a screw or other rotating shaft is employed in a plane adjustment and in a relation similar to that herein described.

When the plane-bit is adjusted high up in the plane, so that its upper end covers the joint or hinge between the screw and this handle, obviously this handle cannot have a complete rotation while standing out at any considerable angle from the screw. In such case the handle is rotated crank fashion till it comes up against the bit. It is then swung over on its pivot to the opposite side of the screw, when its rotation crank fashion can be continued.

I am aware that to accomplish the adjustment of a plane-bit within contracted limits a differential screw has been used, such screw consisting of a hollow or tubular thumb-screw, threaded both interiorly and exteriorly, and engaging a screw carrying the bit-connection. My screw differs from this, in so far as it is differential, in that it is a double-threaded screw of one piece, one of its threaded portions working within the bearing that supports the screw, and the other entering and working within a nut carrying the plane-bit.

I claim as my invention —

1. The double-threaded adjusting-screw f, made in one piece, and having a right-hand thread working in its support or bearing and a left-hand thread working in the bit-carrying nut, in combination with a plane body and bit, substantially as described.

2. In combination, stud a, nut c, adjusting-screw f, button j, bearing-pin k, and the plane-bit, all substantially as described.

3. The combination of the plane-bit, the button j, the stud a, and the rotating shaft f, provided with the pivoted handle g.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
ROBT. F. GAYLORD,
WM. E. SIMONDS.

No. 196,450 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Charles H. Hawley) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”286″]196450

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES H. HAWLEY, OF HARTFORD, CONN., ASSIGNOR TO LEONARD BAILEY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 196,450, dated October 23, 1877; application filed October 1, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. HAWLEY, of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a side view with a part of the side of the plane broken away. Fig. 2 is a top view, with the plane-iron and cap-plate removed. Fig. 3 is a view of the parts shown in Fig. 2 in transverse vertical section, on plane x x, looking in the direction indicated by the arrow. Fig. 4 is a top view of the cap-plate. Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the iron.

The plane is a metallic one — body, &c., of cast-iron, by preference.

The letter a denotes the floor of the plane, and b b the sides, cast in one piece with the floor; c, a transverse upright, cast in the same piece to which is secured the bed d by screws e e. On this bed lies the plane-iron f, its front end running down to the throat. Underneath the bed is hung, on pin g, the scroll-disk h, which rotates on the pin. A grooved scroll is cut into the upper face of disk h. (Partly seen in Fig. 2.) In the bed d is hung the reciprocating follower i, through which runs the pin j, fast in the follower, its lower end projecting into the scroll-groove, and its upper end projecting, when the plane-iron is in its place, into one of the transverse grooves f’, made in the under side of the plane-iron, so that the iron must then reciprocate longitudinally with the follower i. These reciprocations are given by the rotation of the scroll-disk, and the purpose thereof is to allow the fine longitudinal adjustment of the plane iron or bit.

The location of the scroll-disk just underneath the plane-iron bed is important, as it enables me to make direct connection between the scroll-disk and the iron or bit without the intervention of levers and the like, and it brings this disk into position for manipulation by the workman.

I am aware of the patent of J. A. Traut, January 16, 1877, No. 186,281, wherein the scroll-disk is applied directly to the chisel or plane-iron; but this construction is objectionable, in that the rotation of the disk moves the chisel sidewise, and makes it bind; and it also disturbs the true adjustment of the cutting-edge.

I am also aware of the patent of J. F. Baldwin, November 25, 1873, No. 144,823, which shows a slide or other device intermediate between the plane-iron or chisel and an adjusting-screw; but this construction is likewise objectionable and defective, and neither attains the same ends as a scroll for operating a plane-iron, between which is interposed a follower independent of both, but co-operating therewith.

This last-named construction is peculiar to my plane, and has marked advantages over the other, and especially in that by it I am enabled to adjust the chisel accurately and easily.

The essential feature of my invention is , thus, the independent intermediate follower, constructed and arranged as above specified.

The cap-plate is serves to secure the iron or bit in its place when adjusted. It is provided on the sides with wings k’, which slide into slots or mortises l, cut obliquely in the inner faces of the two sides of the plane-body, entering at the rear ends of these slots.

The cap-plate, when in place, acts as a lever, of which the wings k’ are the fulcra, and by turning down the screw m, the iron or bit is pinched by the front end of the cap-plate and by the screw.

This method of giving fulera has important advantages. The whole space between the sides of the body is left open and unobstructed, so that the chisel can be laid flatly down to its place without having to shove it under a cross-bar, or under lugs projecting from the sides, as has been the practice heretofore.

In these planes, which have no regular handle, it is necessary to have something to serve in the place thereof for the palm of the hand to rest upon. I attain this end by putting a semi-sphere or convex plate, a, upon the head of the screw m, which is thereby made to serve the purpose of a handle, and of a head for the screw.

I claiam as my invention —

The independent follower i, arranged between the scroll-disk and the chisel, and having pin j projecting from both sides, so as to enter the serrations f’ in the plane iron or bit f on one side, end the groove or channel in the scroll-disk h, on the other side, substantially as and for the purpose described.

CHARLES H. HAWLEY.

Witnesses:
JAMES HOLLEY,
ROALD ARENTZ.

No. 196,068 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Leonard Bailey) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”284″]196068

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 196,068, dated October 16, 1877; application filed June 29, 1877.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements pertaining to a Metallic Plane, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a side view with a portion broken away to show operating parts. Fig. 2 shows a form of the nut. Fig. 3 is a view of the back of the iron. Fig. 4 is a sectional view of Fig. 1, on plane x x, and looking toward the working parts, the iron being removed.

This invention relates to the construction and adjustment of iron-bodied planes, designed for a class of work exemplified by stake-pointing and whip-stock manufacture.

The letter a denotes the cast-metal body, having the sides and ends concaved or hollowed, as seen in the sectional part of Fig. 1, for the purpose of giving the user a firm grasp of the tool.

On the inner faces of the two sides are cast lugs b b, afterward sawed or cut through where they join the throat-bed c, so that the iron may be confined between these lugs and the throat bed.

From the base-plate of the plane-body rises a boss or stud, d, and from this a screw-threaded stud, e, projects toward, at right angles to the surface of, the iron. On this threaded stud e is hung the nut f, provided with projecting radial arms, whereby it may be rotated readily.

This nut may be shaped as shown in Fig. 2, and in that case bears directly against the iron when screwed up.

It will be observed that the iron has three points of bearing — viz., the throat-bed, the lugs b b, and the nut just described, needing no cap-plate, and forming the simplest possible means of fastening an iron into a metal plane.

I claim as my invention —

1. A metallic plane-body having the sides curved or hollowed, as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. In combination, the screw e, nut f, and pin-disk j, borne upon the screw, and the grooved plane-bit, all substantially as described.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
W. E. SIMONDS,
ROBT. F. GAYLORD.

No. 195,481 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Henry M. Clark) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”283″]195481

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY M. CLARK, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 195,481, dated September 25, 1877; application filed August 6, 1877.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY M. CLARK, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Devices for Adjusting Plane-Irons, of which the following is a specification:

My invention consists in the employment of a transverse slide. provided with an inclined slot and operating screw, and also in the peculiar construction of the parts, as hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a device for adjusting plane-irons which embodies my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the same on line x x of Fig. 1, with cap and plane-iron removed, the same being viewed from a point at right angles to the face of the frog; and Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the same on line y y of Fig. 2.

The stock A may be any of the ordinary kinds, and the frog B can be secured thereto in any proper manner. Transversely to the frog B is a recess or depression, a, which is made shallow on the right-hand side of the frog and deep on the left-hand side of the frog. The body of a screw, b, passes through the solid metal of the frog just under the shallow portion of the depression a, and the screw proper extends into the deeper portion of said depression.

The outer end of the screw b is provided with a suitable head or handle, c, for operating said screw, and it is prevented from longitudinal movement by shoulders at each end of its bearing in the frog.

Fitted to move in the depression a is a slide, C, having an inclined slot, d, and threaded lug e, through which lug the screw b passes. By turning the screw the slide may be moved endwise either to the right or left, as may be desired.

Another slide, D, is fitted to slide longitudinally in a recess in the frog B, and the upper end of this longitudinal slide is provided on its under side with a projecting pin or stud, f Fig. 3, also indicated by broken lines in Fig. 2, which pin or stud engages the side walls of the inclined slot in the slide C. In the lower end of the longitudinal slide is an orifice to receive the head of the ordinary cap-screw, which orifice, g, Fig. 2, may be elongated somewhat from right to left, so that the plane-irons F may be moved sidewise a little to bring the end of the cutting-bit square with the face of the stock.

When the transverse slide is moved endwise, by means of the operating screw, the side walls of the inclined slot d engage the pin or stud f and move the longitudinal slide and plane-irons.

If the slide C is moved to the right, the Iongitudinal slide D is forced downward, carrying the plane-irons with it, and, if moved to the left, the plane-irons are drawn upward into the stock with said slide.

If desired, instead of connecting the longitudinal slide to the plane-irons through means of the ordinary cap-screw, a stud may be attached directly to the cutting-iron, and received in the orifice at the lower end of the longitudinal slide.

My adjustment is very cheaply constructed, and adjusts the plane-iron with ease and smoothness.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a device for adjusting plane-irons, the transverse slide, provided with inclined slot and operating mechanism for moving said slide transversely to the plane-iron, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a device for adjusting plane-irons, the screw b, set transversely to the frog, and secured from longitudinal movement, in combination with the incline slotted slide, provided with threaded lug e, which receives the adjusting-screw, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

HENRY M. CLARK.

Witnesses:
T. A. CONKLIN,
JAMES SHEPARD.