Tag: Massachusetts

No. 317,092 – Plane (George A. Clifford) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”392″]317092

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE A. CLIFFORD, OF PEABODY, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 317,092, dated May 5, 1885.
Application filed September 2, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE A. CLIFFORD, of Peabody, in the county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a description sufficiently full, clear, and exact to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which said invention appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is an isometrical perspective view of my improved plane; Fig. 2, a vertical longitudinal section of the same; Fig. 3, a vertical transverse section; Fig. 4, a bottom plan view; Fig. 5, a front elevation of the iron and its stock detached from the body; Fig. 6, a vertical longitudinal section of the same, and Fig. 7 a vertical transverse section of the stock with the iron removed.

Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the different figures of the drawings.

My invention relates to the class of planes known as “chamfer-planes;” and it consists in a novel construction and arrangements of the parts, as hereinafter more fully set forth and claimed, by which a more effective device of this character is produced than is now in ordinary use.

The nature and operation of the improvement will be readily understood by all conversant with such matters from the following explanation, its extreme simplicity rendering an elaborate description unnecessary.

In the drawings, A represents the body, B the stock, and C D the irons. The body is provided on its under side with a longitudinal V-shaped equilateral groove, E, running its entire length, and adapted to fit over or receive the corner or edge of the article to be chamfered or beveled. An inclined mortise, H, for receiving the stock, is formed in the body, and at the rear of this mortise, on either side, there is disposed a slide or rest, x, against which the stock presses. The stock B is rectangular in shape, and is provided on either side with a longitudinal dovetail groove, m. Each of its ends is inclined, as shown at f, one of them being rounded, as seen at i, and the other squared, as shown at v. The stock is provided with two irons, C D, disposed in a chamber or recess, J, which is cut in its face, as best seen in Figs. 1 and 6. The iron D is rounded on its cutting-edge to correspond with the rounded end i of the stock B, the iron C being squared on its cutting-edge to correspond with the square end v of said stock. A mouth, z, opens outwardly from the chamber J through either end of the stock B, the irons C D respectively protruding through these mouths and being adjustably secured to the stock by the screw-bolts K.

Passing through either side of the body A, opposite the mortise H, there is a bolt, r, provided at its inner end with a square head, t, adapted to fit the dovetail groove m in the stock B, the outer end of said bolt being screw-threaded and respectively provided with nuts N.

In the use of my improvement the stock B is inserted in the mortise H, with the heads t of the bolts r in the grooves m, where it may be secured in any desired position by turning in the nuts N. The lower iron or iron to be used is then properly adjusted and secured by its bolt K, the upper or idle iron being withdrawn into the chamber J, and also secured by its bolt K.

It will be obvious that by reversing the stock B either iron may be brought into use, and also that irons having any desired shape of cutting edge or edges conforming to the style of work to be done may be employed.

I do not confine myself to securing the stock in the body A by means of the bolts r and nuts N, as any other suitable means may be employed for this purpose.

Having thus explained my invention, what I claim is —

1. A bench-plane consisting of a body and an endwise-reversible stock carrying cutters, said stock being rounded at one end and square at the other end, substantially as described.

2. The combination, in a bench-plane, of a body, a stock adjustable therein provided with T-shaped grooves, and set-screws which pass through the sides of said body and take into nuts within said grooves, substantially as described.

3. The combination, in a bench-plane, of a body, a stock adjustable therein provided with T-shaped grooves, said stock being provided with clamping-bolts for securing the irons adjustably therein, and set-screws which pass through the sides of said body and take into nuts within said grooves, substantially as described.

GEORGE A. CLIFFORD.

Witnesses:
L. C. BRIGGS,
C. A. SHAW.

No. 306,763 – Plane (Stephen G. Laskey) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”375″]306763

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

STEPHEN G. LASKEY, OF CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 306,763, dated October 21, 1884.
Application filed February 7, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN G. LASKEY, of Chelsea, in the county of Suffolk, State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a description sufficiently full, clear, and exact to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which said invention appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved plane; Fig. 2, a top plan view with the handle removed; Fig. 3, a vertical longitudinal section, and Fig. 4: a vertical transverse section of the body and iron.

Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the different figures of the drawings.

My invention relates more especially to the class of planes known as “block” planes; and it consists in a novel construction and arrangement of the parts, as hereinafter more fully set forth and claimed, by which a simpler, cheaper, lighter, and more effective device of this character is produced than is new in ordinary use.

The nature and operation of the improvement will be readily understood by all conversant with such matters from the following explanation, its extreme simplicity rendering an elaborate description unnecessary.

In the drawings, A represents the body, B the iron, and C the handle. The body is preferably composed of metal, and is provided with a dovetail channel, h, extending longitudinally along its under side to receive the iron, which is correspondingly beveled at the edges to fit the channel. The handle is preferably evolute in form, and is secured to the upper side of the body by the screws m, as shown in Fig. 3. The body is provided on either side with a vertical flange, G, and at its center with an elongated slot, D, extending lengthwise thereof between the ends of the handle, and fitted to work therein is a thumb-screw, E, having a wide annular flange, f, the screw entering a threaded hole, d, in a hub, K, on the iron, the hub projecting upwardly into the slot. A transverse slot, l, is cut through the body A. between the flanges G, the rear wall of this slot being inclined toward the handle C, the incline corresponding nearly with the incline of the cutting or beveled end z of the iron B. A shoe, H, having an upwardly-extending flange, v, on either side, is attached to the forward end of the plane, the flanges working in rabbets n, formed in the flanges G, and the face or lower side of the shoe being flush with the lower edges of the last-named flanges, which are cut away forward of the throat l to form ways for the shoe. A thumb-screw, J, provided with an annular flange, p, is fitted to work in a hole in the forward end of the body A, the screw entering a correspondingly-threaded hole, y, in a hub, b, on the shoe H, and the flange resting on the upper side of the body above the shoe. The lower edges of the flanges G are slightly rounded or beveled, as shown at x in Fig. 4, to prevent them from resting with their entire surface on the wood or article being planed.

In the use of my improvement the iron B is inserted in the channel h in the body A., with the bevel of its cutting end z uppermost, and, after being properly adjusted with respect to the throat l, is secured in position by turning in the screw E and bringing the flange f into forcible contact with the upper side of the body. The shoe H is then raised or lowered, as the case may be, by turning the screw J to the right or left until the lower side or face of the shoe is elevated above the lower side or face of the iron B a distance corresponding with the kerf or thickness of the shaving it is desired to cut, the plane being then ready for use.

I am aware that it is not new, broadly, to construct a plane in which the plane-iron constitutes a part of the bottom of the stock, said plane-iron being driven tightly into dove-tail grooves in said stock.

I am also aware that it is not new to construct a plane with a plane-iron arranged flat-wise in a recess in the under side of the stock extending backward a short distance from the throat, the rear end of said plane-iron being flush with the bearing-surface of the stock and the front end thereof adjustable vertically.

I am also aware that adjustable shoes are not new, broadly.

Having thus explained my invention, what I claim is —
1. The combination of a stock provided with a transverse throat, a dovetailed recess on its under side, and a longitudinal slot in rear of the throat, a plane-iron adapted to fit said recess, provided with a boss projecting into said slot, and having a threaded socket and a thumb-screw which enters said socket, and has a flange which projects over the side of the slot, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a stock provided with rabbets in its side checks and with at slot in its bottom in front of the throat, an adjustable shoe provided with upwardly-projecting flanges adapted to slide in said rabbets, and with a socket projecting upward into said slot, and a set-screw for adjusting said shoe, substantially as described.

STEPHEN G. LASKEY.

Witnesses:
C. A. SHAW,
L. J. WHITE.

No. 293,651 – Spokeshave (Albert D. Goodell) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”352″]293651

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALBERT D. GOODELL, OF MILLER’S FALLS, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR
TO THE MILLERS FALLS COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

SPOKESHAVE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 293,651, dated February 19, 1884.
Application filed November 30, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT D. GOODELL., residing in Miller’s Falls, in the county of Franklin and State of Massachusetts, a citizen of the United States, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Spokeshaves, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which like letters indicate corresponding parts.

My invention relates to improvements in spokeshaves, by which, by the use of a circular knife or cutter and other novel features, much better work can be done and a far greater variety of forms of material operated upon the by the use of any existing tool known to me.

Figure 1 represents a general view of the article, having part of the body and one handle cut away to exhibit the threaded screw in the body for holding the cutter, and also the screw by which the handles are detachably connected with the body. Fig. 2 represents the body without the handles, and shows the edge of the circular cutter and the front bevel of the body. Fig. 3 represents the knife or cutter C with beveled edge z. Fig. 4. represents a cross-section of the body, taken at y y, Fig. 2, and illustrates the manner in which the body is cut away, to form the mouth for discharge of the chips or shavings.

A is the body, preferably of metal.

B B are the handles, which are made detachable from the body by means of a screw inserted in the end of the handle, and threaded orifice formed in the end of the body, into which the threaded screw is inserted.

C is the circular knife or cutter, and is secured to the body, which is preferably made of the same circle as the cutter, by the round-headed set-screws b b. Upon the cutting-face of the shave the body is slightly beveled, preferably at a slight angle from the cutting-edge of the circular knife or cutter. This face-bevel is indicated by x’, the body under the knife or cutter being cut away, as shown in section, Fig. 4.

a is the portion of the body not cut out, and as represents the cut-away portion under the knife or cutter, and which forms the mouth for discharge of the chips.

The great difficulty heretofore experienced in tools of this kind I seek to obviate. I form my knife or cutter circular, in order to obtain a clean out instead of a scraping action, so common to most tools for the same purpose. Besides, this form of knife or cutter will not chatter, cannot get caught upon any part of the work, nor upon the clothing of the operator. The finest work can be done without danger of injury to the face of the material, and the ample opening in the body under the knife or cutter prevents clogging and facilitates the freest discharge of chips or shavings.

It will be further observed that I am enabled to securely hold the knife or cutter by the direct action of the round-headed set-screws, and no unnecessary protuberance is placed anywhere upon the tool.

The object of making the handles readily detachable is that in operating upon small work and in a limited space one or both handles can be removed and the work done with ease and facility. I deem this avaluable feature in connection with the form of the body of the tool and the absence of all annoying projections or protuberances upon any part of the surface of the body.

The present tool will work effectively in almost any position and upon either flat or round surfaces.

Having now described my invention so that any person skilled in the art may readily understand its form and mode of operation, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is —

1. A spokeshave consisting of the body A, removable handles B B, and circular cutter or knife C, and the set-screws b b, adapted to secure in place the cutter or knife C by pressure of the screw-heads upon the edges of the same, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In a spokeshave, the body A, circular knife C, arranged and secured thereto, so that the chips or shavings pass under said knife to the place of discharge, in combination with detachable handles B, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In aspokeshave, the circular knife or cutter C, formed with a straight cutting-edge, and adapted to be detachably secured to the body of the shave by suitable means, as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In a spokeshave, the body A, straight circular kniie C, and set-screws b b, adapted to hold the said knife to the body, combined as and for the purposes set forth.

5. The combination of the body A with straight circular knife suitably secured thereto, and the detachable handles B B, substantially as set forth and deseribed.

6. In a spokeshare, the body A, with bevel x’, in combination with the circular knife or cutter C, substantially as and for the purposes described.

7. In a spokeshave, the body A, provided with the rear discliarge-passage, x, in combination with a circular knife or cutter having a straight cutting-edge and suitably secured to said body, substantially as and for the purposes described.

8. A spokeshave provided with a straight circular body adapted to receive a straight circular knife or cutter, and to discharge the chips or shavings under the said knife or cutter and to the rear ofthe working-face, all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

9. In a spokeshave, the cornbination of the body A, provided with the discharge-opening x, formed by removing a portion of the body, and having a face-bevel, x’, and circular knife formed with a straight cutting-edge and adapted to be detachably secured to the said body, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

ALBERT D. GOODELL [L. S.]

Witnesses:
F. M. THOMPSON,
L. J. GUNN.

No. 280,175 – Match-Plane (Philip Hickey) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”337″]280175

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

PHILIP HICKEY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

MATCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 280,175, dated June 26, 1883.
Application filed April 28, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PHILIP HICKEY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Match-Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The main object of this invention is to adapt a match-plane for it to be used for the making both of a tongue and a groove fitting each other without changing the plane or bit iron, and also another object is to adapt a match-plane, by simply substituting one plane or bit iron for another, for the making of tongues and grooves of varying widths, but as to the grooves and tongues made by either of the irons so substituted, secure the perfect fitting or jointing.

In this improved match-plane the bit or plane iron is of a forked shape at its cutting-edge — that is, it has two separate cutting edges or blades, between which is an opening of a width which determines the width of tongue cut by the plane and the cutting-blade. The outer of the two, relative to the working-face of the gage upon the bottom or sole of the plane, is of a width equal to the width of said opening between the cutting-blades, or, in other words, of the width of the tongue out by the plane, and said gage is attached to the bottom or sole of the plane-stock, so as to be adjusted transversely thereon, and set either for the cutting of a tongue with both of the blades, or of a groove with said outer blade only of the two blades. The other blade being covered by said gage is thus put out of operative position, and all in a manner to secure a perfect fitting of said tongues and grooves so cut when joined together, and otherwise, substantially as hereinafter described.

In the accompanying plate of drawings the present improved plane is illustrated, Figure 1 being a side view; Fig. 2, a longitudinal vertical section through the plane and gage; Fig. 3, a face view of the bottom or sole with gage adjusted and set for the cutting of a tongue. Fig. 4 is a cross vertical section on line 4 4, Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a cross vertical section on line 5 5, Fig. 1, which is along the upper face of the plane or bit iron; Fig. 6, a similar view to Fig. 5, but with the gage adjusted and set for the cutting of a groove instead of a tongue, as in Fig. 5, and in the preceding figures. Fig. 7 is a face view of the plane or bit iron detached, and Fig. 8 a cross-section on line 8 8, Fig. 7.

In the drawings, A represents the stock of a match-plane; B, the plane or bit iron, made of a fork shape, or, in other words, with two cutting blades or edges, C D, leaving an opening, E, between them; F, the wedge for fastening the plane-iron B in position; G, the bottom or sole of the stock A; H, the toat or handle, and J the gage running along the length of the sole or bottom G to the stock, and otherwise, except as hereinafter particularly described, the same as ordinary in match-planes for cutting a tongue along the edge of a board, the width of which is determined by the width of the opening E between the two cutting-blades C D.

The cutting-blade C, which is the outer one of the two blades C D relating to the working-face a of the gage J, in its position for the cutting either of a tongue or groove, as the case may be, (see Figs. 5 and 6,) is of a width equal to the width of the opening E between the two cutting-blades, and in the use of this plane, as will hereinafter appear, it of itself and alone cuts the groove.

The gage J is attachable to and detachable from the sole or bottom G of the plane-stock A, and is secured in place by a headed screw-bolt, K, and screw-nut L.

The bolt K passes loosely through the thickness of the gage J and a slot, b, of a plate, c, attached to and covering a recess, d, in the bottom. or sole G of the plane, and the bolt-head f is in said recess, and the recess d, together with said slot b, are in a line at right angles to the working-face a of the gage J, and of a length to allow thc gage to be laterally adjusted upon the sole G of the plane for the purposes of this invention.

g g2 are two projecting pins, one near each end of the sole of the plane, and in a parallel line with the working-face a of the gage.

m m2 and n n2 are four holes to receive the pins g g2. These holes are situated two at each end of the face of the gage which is next to the sole of the plane, and the two at each end are in a line at right angles to the working-face of the gage, and at a distance from each other axially equal to the width of the tongue M which the plane-iron B is adapted to cut, and they are otherwise so arranged that the gage can be set upon the pins g g2 of the plane either by the two holes m and m2 or by the holes n and n2, in each instance one at each end of the gage, and when so set in either case have the working-face a of the gage in proper position for working against the face of the board to be tongued or grooved along its edge.

To set the gage J by either of its holes m and m2 or n n2 upon the pins g g2 of the plane, it is only necessary to first release the fastening nut and bolt K L, and then, having placed it by its holes desired upon the pins, to tighten up said bolt and nut, thus firmly fixing the gage in place. With the gage J adjusted and set as described, by its holes m and m upon the pins g g2 of the plane, the plane is adjusted for the cutting of a tongue, M, as shown in Fig. 5, and with the gage adjusted and set as described, by its holes n and n2 upon said pins, the plane is adjusted for the cutting of a groove, N, as shown in Fig. 6. In the first instance said setting of the gage exposes the two blades C D of the plane-iron for cutting the edge of the board, and in the second instance said setting of the gage leaves only one cutting-blade, and that the outer, C, of the two blades relative to the working-face a of the gage, and covers up the other blade, D, or, in other words, places it out of operative position, and as the distance between the holes m m2 and n n2 of each set of holes equals the width of tongue which the plane-iron B can cut, and the width of the outer cutting-blade, C, equals also the width of said tongue, it is obvious that by these two adjustments of the gage, together with a plane-iron having an outer cutting-blade, C, and an opening between it and the other cutting-blade, D, of equal width, the same plane, using only one plane-iron, is capable of adjustment for the cutting either of a tongue or of a groove, which tongue and groove, when cut, will fit each other and secure a perfect match, of course provided boards are used of the proper thickness.

To render the gage adjustable with the substitution of plane-irons for the plane-iron B, particularly shown in the drawings — that is, plane-irons having a different width of opening E between their two cutting-blades C D, and their outer cutting-blade equal to the width of said opening — and thus to render one and the same plane capable of cutting grooves and tongues of different widths, but in each instance, with the use of any iron, secure a tongue and a groove of the same width when the gage is properly adjusted therefor, the gage is provided with a series of holes — such as o o2 and p p2 — arranged and located and otherwise in every respect similar to the holes m m2 n n2, before described, varying only in this respect, (if it may be termed a variation,) that the transverse distance of each of said sets of holes corresponds to the width of groove and tongue which the plane is to and can cut when another plane-iron of different width of opening E between its cutting-blades and a width of outer cutting-blade corresponding thereto is substituted for the plane-iron B, particularly shown in the drawings, and the gage is properly placed with its set of holes o o2 p p2 belonging to the so-substituted plane-iron.

As the pins of the plane and the setting-holes m m2 n n2 of the gage are fixed points, in order to insure the proper locating of different plane-irons in the plane relative thereto, a groove, s, is made in the back of the outer cutting-blade, C, of each plane-iron, (see Figs. 7 and 8,) to fit over the edge t of the plane opposite to that of the gage, and, as the pins g g2 of the plane and the setting-holes m, m2, n, and n2 of the gage are located in the drawings, the groove is along the center line of the width of said cutting-blade; but it is plain that, were either the setting-holes or the pins located differently relative to the position of the plane-iron in the plane, the position of said groove would be necessarily changed. The pins g g2 may be on the gage and the holes m m2 n n2 in the plane, and, as is obvious, these means absolutely insure the adjustment herein described of the gage to the plane-iron used. It is plain, however, that other means might be substituted for said pins and holes, and yet insure absolutely said adjustments of the gage.

The screw-nut of the fastening device for the gage is preferably countersunk in a recess, u, of the gage, and in lieu of the fastening device for the gage particularly described and shown others may be substituted.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a match-plane, a plane-iron, B, having cutting-blades C D, with an opening, E, between them, and the outer blade of the width of the tongue to be cut and of said opening, in combination with a gage, J, adapted for arbitrary and rigid adjustment, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a match-plane, a plane-iron, B, having cutting-blades C D, with an opening, E, between them, and the outer blade, C, of the width of the tongue to be cut and of said opening, in combination with a gage, J, adapted by pins g g2 and holes m m2 n n2, together with a suitable fastening device, to be adjusted, substantially as described, for the purposes specified.

3. In a match-plane, a plane-iron, B, having cutting-blades C D, with an opening, E, between them, and an outer blade, C, of the width of the tongue to be cut and of said opening, and adapted to interlock; with the flange or rib t of the plane, in combination with an adjustable gage, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. In a match-plane, a plane-iron, B, having cutting-blades C D, with an opening, E, between them, and the outer blade, C, of the width of the tongue to be cut and of said opening, in combination with a gage adapted by sets of pins g g2 and holes m, m2, n, and n2, together with a suitable fastening device, to be adjusted for different plane-irons of the above-said construction, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

PHILIP HICKEY.

Witnesses:
EDWIN W. BROWN,
WM. S. BELLOWS.

No. 264,766 – Miter-Planer (David C. Rogers) (1882)

[paiddownloads id=”323″]264766

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

DAVID C. ROGERS, OF GREENFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

MITER-PLANER.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 264,766, dated September 19, 1882.
Application filed June 27, 1882. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DAVID C. ROGERS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Greenfield, in the county of Franklin and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Miter-Planers, of which the following is a true and full specification.

The accompanying drawings show the invention, and form part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan showing the several features of my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section of the same. Fig. 3 is a detail showing the rest G.

Similar reference-letters indicate like parts in all of the figures.

A represents the fixed bed-plate, semicircular in term, having at its rear the frame B, on which the plane runs, having a groove on its under side matching on a tongue to keep it true and steady. This bed-plate has on its outer upper edge notches placed at regular and fixed intervals, into which drops a catch from the upper bed-plate, to hold it securely at any angle desired.

C is the upper movable bed-plate, in quadrant form, having at right angles sides D D, which act as guides for the material to be planed, and revolving on a pivot at the rear end or apex touching the plane, passing through the lower bed-plate. These sides or guides are so accurately arranged with reference to the plane that when the movable bed-plate C is set with its center-line at a right angle to the plane a stick placed on either side will be planed to a perfect “miter.” The revolving movement of this bed-plate C is controlled by a screw and clamp, E, fixed in the upper bed-plate, and passing through a segmentally-shaped slot in the lower bed-plate, in which is a nut which clamps the upper bed-plate firmly in position when it is desired to fix it permanently at any given angle to the plane. This is commonly such as to finish the work at an angle of forty-five degrees, or a true miter. The movable bed-plate C is also provided at its outer edge with a small lever, F, controlled by a spring, and having on its under side a catch which is pressed down into the notches on the lower bed-plate, so arranged as to hold the stick to be planed at any given angle to the plane.

About midway in length of the sides D, and let in so as to be flush with the face of each side, is a rest, G, at the bottom of which is a segmental arm running back in ways on the movable bed-plate C, having through its length a slot through which into the said bed-plate passes a screw controlling its movement back and forth. The special purpose of this rest is to enable one to finish the ends of curved work with exactness.

In preparing pieces for circular or oval frames, for pulleys, emery-wheels, circular patterns, and all such work, it is necessary to plane the ends of the various segments composing the same at different angles, and when a curved stick is to be planed, the end must be closely pressed against the side or guide which supports it; but in doing this of course the other end of the curve is thrown out and away from the guide, as the stick can only touch the guide at the extreme end which is to be planed. Consequently, except at that point, the stick has no support but the unreliable action of the hand. To provide for this, the movable rest is run out till it touches the work on the outer curve, and then being secured by turning down the screw in the slotted segmentary arm forms a complete rest and support for the work to be planed.

This device supplies a want hitherto needed.

What I claim in a miter-plane is —

1. In a machine for planing miters, the quadrantal pivoted bed-plate, provided with segmental guardways fixed thereon, in combination with rests G, provided with segmental clamping-arms adapted to hold the material to be mitered in position for the planer, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with the tired bed-plate A and frame B, of the pivoted bed-plate C, provided with adjustable rests G, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

DAVID C. ROGERS.

Witnesses:
JAMES S. GRINNELL,
WM. H. ALLEN.

No. 257,870 – Cavity-Plane (Frank A. Humphrey) (1882)

[paiddownloads id=”319″]257870

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK A. HUMPHREY, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

CAVITY-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 257,870, dated May 16, 1882.
Application filed November 28, 1881. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK A. HUMPHREY, of Worcester, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cavity-Planes for Pattern-Makers, Wood-Workers, and Others; and I declare the following to be a description of my said invention sufficiently full, clear, and exact to enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

The object of my present invention is to provide a practical and efficient tool which can be conveniently employed for dressing out small holes and cavities, and for smoothing narrow surfaces located between or near flanges or angles; also, for working out small curves, and for general whittling and planing in positions inaccessible or inconvenient for working with the ordinary tools.

To this end my invention consists in the improved tool illustrated and described, and in the peculiar constructive features and combinations appertaining thereto, and hereinafter specifically claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a top view of my cavity-plane with full handles in position. Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the same with one of the handles disconnected. Fig. 3 is a front view with both handles shortened or interchanged. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view at line x x, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view at line y y, Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is an end view. Fig. 7 shows detail of one of the chuck-pieces for locking the blade in position. Fig. 8 shows a side view of the handle separate from the other parts. Fig. 9 is a side view of the convertible handle-tip, and Fig. 10 shows the form of the blade or cutter.

In the construction, A denotes the body or frame, having a rounded back bar, a, and a forward guard-flange, a’, connecting the cylindrical ends or neck-bosses A2, in the manner illustrated.

B indicates the blade or cutter, formed as a straight rectangular plate, sharpened along one edge, b, and without holes or openings of any kind. Said blade is seated and supported on the inner surface of the back bar, a, (which is properly fitted for its reception,) with its sharpened edge b protruding throngh the throat-opening t at the rear of the guard-flange a’, the blade being set at the proper angle and at such distance from the guard a’ as to give a free cutting action when in use. The shavings pass up through the central opening, and are directed backward by the upper edge of the guard a’, which is made to incline inward for that purpose.

C C indicate chuck-pieces for retaining the blade B in position. Said chuck-pieces fit into the recesses of the frame ends, and are provided with bevels c’ at their rear edges, which are forced against the ends of the blade and clamp it securely in position. The blade B can be held securely in position by either one or both of the chuck-pieces C.

D indicates the handles, which are fitted with screw-threaded connecting-studs D’, for screwing into the central openings of the frame ends A2, and against the chuck-pieces C, for serving the double purpose of attachments for the handles and clamp-screws for the blade B.

E indicates short handles or tip-pieces, which are employed as clamp-screws for retaining the blade when it is desired to adapt the tool for use in a narrow space, as in Fig. 3. Said tips or clamp-screws are provided with ends E’ of the same size and pitch as the connecting-studs D’ of the handles, so as to be readily interchangeable therewith. In the present instance the clamp-screws are made to serve as tips for the wood handles D, but, if desired, could be independent parts, the handles being made complete without them. I prefer, however, to construct them as convertible tips in preference to independent set-screws, and I arrange them in combination with the handles as follows:

The tang or shank D2 of the screw-studs D’ is made to extend completely through the wood of the handle, (the ferrule D3 being formed integral therewith, ) and a screw-thread formed on its outer end, d. The end of the wood handle is recessed, and the piece E, which is furnished with a central screw-threaded opening, screws onto said end d of the tang and forms the finishing-tip of the handle when not required for use, as in Fig. 3. The tips E are provided with recesses or nicks e, and small ribs or projections f may be made on the ends of the connecting-studs D’, (see Figs. 4 and 8,) which fit said nicks, so that the handle can be used as a screw-driver for starting or screwing up said tip-pieces on the handle or frame ends.

Lugs i maybe formed under the fcrrnles D3, to prevent the wood handle from turning on the tang D2. The shape of the handles can be modified to adapt the tool for convenient application or use on different classes of work.

The tool can be used with two handles, as in Fig. 1, or with a single handle, (either right or left,) as in Fig. 2, or with only the short body and clamp-screws E, (one or both,) as in Fig.
3, thus permitting of its convenient use in narrow spaces between flanges and ribs. It can also be used for planing out small cavities and holes, and can be successfully used in any hole of sufficient size to admit of its entrance, (see dotted line, Fig. 6,) or from three-fourths of an inch diameter upward, while it can be used for right or left hand whittling on straight or convex surfaces and in small corners and angles. The blade can be quickly and conveniently adjusted to cut thin or rank shavings, as required, and said blade can be worn away to a very narrow strip before it requires renewal of the blade. The tool is of great utility and convenience in pattern-making, cabinet-work, and other branches of wood-working, wherein small cavities and various formed recesses require to be worked and smoothed out.

What I claim as of my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The body or frame formed with cylindrical ends or neck-bosses, connected by the externally-rounded back bar and inwardly-inclined guard-flange, and the straight cutting-blade seated on said back bar, with its sharpened edge protruding through the throat-opening at the rear of said guard-flange, the parts being combined and located in relation to each other and the exterior curvature substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination of the body or frame having the back bar and front guard, the straight blade supported on said back bar, and the chuck-pieces fitted into said frame and pressed against the ends of said blade in direction of its length by a screw or clamping device axially arranged within the ends of the frame, for retaining it in position, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore described, of the frame having hollow screw-threaded ends A2, connected to each other by the backbar, a,and guard-flange a’, as shown, the straight cutting- blade B, seated on said back bar, the chuck-pieces C, fitted in recesses of the frame ends and resting with a beveled surface against the ends of said blade, and the detachable handles D, having studs or threaded ends for screwing into said frame ends and against said chuck-pieces, for the purposes set forth.

4. The combination with the detachable handles D and blade supporting frame A, of the convertible tip-pieces E, adapted for use as set-screws for the chuck-pieces when the handles are detached, or as end nuts on said handles, substantially as hereinbefore described.

5. The combination, with the body or frame A, of the handles D, having the screw-threaded end studs, D’, with projection f, ferrule D3, and tang D2, screw-threaded at its outer end d, and the convertible tip-pieces E, with nicks e, as shown and described.

Witness my hand this lst day of June, A. D. 1881.

FRANK A. HUMPHREY.

Witnesses:
CHAS. H. BURLEIGH,
GEO. M. RICE, 2d.

No. 243,398 – Bench-Plane (Samuel A. Piper) (1881)

[paiddownloads id=”314″]243398

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL A. PIPER, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 243,398, dated June 28, 1881.
Application filed May 3, 1881. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL A. PIPER, of Newton, of the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Plow or Grooving Planes; and I do hereby declare the same to be described in the following specification and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view, Fig. 2 a longitudinal section, Fig. 3 a horizontal section, and Fig. 4 a transverse section, of the plane as open. Fig. 5 is avertical section taken through its depth or lower gage.

The nature of my invention is defined by the claims hereinafter presented.

The grooving-plane, as described, has either or each of its gages connected with the stock by means of parallel links jointed to both, and such stock and gage are recessed to receive, when closed together, the links, and are provided with a clamping arc and screw, the whole enabling the gage to be readily adapted in parallelism with and to different distances from the stock and its cutter or plane iron, as occasion may require. The invention admits of the plane being materially reduced in width by closing the width-gage upon the stock, in which case their connections will not project beyond that side of the stock which is opposite to the one against which the gage may rest.

In the drawings, A denotes the stock; B, its handle; C D, its throat-plates; E, its chisel or cutter, and F the holding-wedge of the latter.

G is the width-gage, and H the depth-gage. Each of the said gages is connected with the stock by two parallel links, I I, pivoted or hinged at their ends to the gage and stock, there being within the said gage and stock recesses K, as shown, to receive the links when the gage is closed against the stock. There is also pivoted or hinged to the gage a circular curved arc or bar, L, which goes or slides freely into or through the stock, which is provided with a clarnp-screw, M, to act against and clamp the arc in position.

I claim —

1. In a plow or grooving plane, either or each of its gages connected with the stock by parallel links pivoted to such stock and gage, in combination with such stock and gage, recessed to receive, when they are closed together, the said links, and provided with a clamping are and screw for holding the gage in position, all being substantially as set forth.

2. In a plow or grooving plane, either or each of the gages connected with the stock by parallel links pivoted to such stock and gage, in combination with a clamping are and screw adapted to the gage and stock and to each other, substantially as set forth.

S. A. PIPER.

Witnesses:
CHARLES ELLIS,
ADELA M. ELLIS.

No. 213,257 – Improvement In Spoke-Shaves (Charles Spring) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”302″]213257

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES SPRING, OF HYDE PARK, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN SPOKE-SHAVES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 213,257, dated March 11, 1879; application filed December 14, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES SPRING, of Hyde Park, county of Norfolk, State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Spoke-Shaves, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved drawing-knife or shave, it consisting, essentially, of a blade having one or both of its ends shaped to bear at one side of the blade against a seat made upon a handle, and to cooperate with shoulders or projections upon the handle, both when the handle extends from the blade at substantially a right angle from its cutting-edge, as shown in full lines in the accompanying drawings, and also when the handle extends in the direction of the length of the blade, as shown in dotted lines, the said handle and blade in each of its two positions being locked and held by a locking device.

Figure 1 represents, in side elevation, a drawing-knife, constructed in accordance with this invention; Fig. 2, a top view thereof, the left-hand handle being turned to project in the direction of the length of the blade; and Fig. 3, a detail of the upper end of the handle.

The blade a, as herein shown, has its ends b b flattened at its rear side to bear against a flattened portion, c, of the handle d, while the edges 2 3 of the blade, as shown in Fig. 1, are made straight, to bear the edge 2 against the lugs f f, as shown in Fig. 1, when the handle extends from the blade, as represented in full lines, or from the blade in the direction of its width.

The handles herein shown are supposed to be of metal ; but their lower portions, or the parts grasped by the hand, may be of wood, if preferred, and screws g, projecting from the upper ends of the handle at right angles to their length, are extended through holes in the blade, and a nut, h, is then applied to each screw, to securely clamp each end of the blade to each handle.

By employing two lugs, f f, instead of one long rib or shoulder, extended from one to the other side of the handle, a space, 4, is left between the lugs, into which (the nut li being loosened, so as to permit the blade and handle to be somewhat separated) when the handle is turned to occupy the position shown in dotted lines, Fig. 1, or in full lines at the left of Fig. 2, the end of the blade may enter, its edges 2 3 falling into the space 4 between the lugs f f which, as the nut is again turned to press the rear side of the blade against the seat portion c, at the upper end of the handle, causes the lugs f f to act with the screw and nut, and grasp and hold the handle and blade, so that the handle will project therefrom substantially in the direction of its length.

One or both of the handles may be held, as in full or dotted lines, Fig. 1, according to the particular work being done with the knife, or whether the workman is right or left handed.

A drawing- knife with the handle as in dotted lines may easily be used to hew or chip a piece of wood.

It is herein assumed that the handle of a drawing-knife has been fitted to a rounded end of a blade, so as to turn thereon, and project from the blade at right angles to its edge or face or back, the handle in such plan turning on an axis parallel with the length of the blade rather than at right angles thereon, as herein provided for.

It is obvious the screw might be attached to the blade, and be made to project through an opening in the handle; but this plan is not liked as well as its converse. (Shown in Fig. 1.)

The handles, constructed as shown, may be turned just opposite the full-line position of Fig. 1, and then the blade may be pushed with its cutting-edge as in advance.

I denominate the screw and nut as “holding devices.”

I claim —

As an improved article of manufacture, a drawing-knife composed of a blade and a movable handle, provided with a scat portion, c, and bearings or lugs f f, to confine the flattened ends of the blade when the handle projects from the blade in the direction of its width or in the direction of its length, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES SPRING.

Witnesses:
G. W. GREGORY,
N. E. WHITNEY.

No. 212,986 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Louis C. Rodier) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”300″]212986

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LOUIS C. RODIER, OF WESTFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, TO LAFLIN MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 212,986, dated March 4, 1879; application filed December 9, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS C. RODIER, of Westfield, county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, which improvements are fully set forth in the annexed specification and in the accompanying drawings.

My improvements relate to metallic bench-planes; and my invention consists in an improved knife-carriage, pivoted between the side walls of the stock, improved devices for operating the knife-carriage and knife to govern the depth of the cut, an improved construction and arrangement of parts whereby the operator can, without removing the plane from the board, and by the use of the fingers of the hand grasping the rear handle of plane, reduce the thickness of the shaving from that of a jack-plane to that of a smoothing-plane.

Referring to the drawings, which consist of two sheets and eight figures, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of my plane. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the knife-carriage and its operating-cam, showing its relative position to the hand of the operator while grasping the rear handle of the plane. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the knife-clamp and its set-screw. Fig. 4 is a view of the cam which actuates the knife-carriage, and the rear arm of the latter. Fig. 5 is a transverse section through the stock on the line x x, Fig. 1, showing the latter and the rear end of the carriage. Fig. 6 is a plan view of that portion of the stock embracing the throat thereof, with the carriage and trunnion-bar. Fig. 7 is a plan view of the face of the stock. Fig. 8 is a view partly of a side elevation and partly in section, showing a modified construction of the knife-rest.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the different figures.

A is the stock. B is the knife-carriage. c is a carriage-spring. d is the trunnion-bar. b is a cam-shaft support. e is a spoked cam-shaft wheel. i is the cam-shaft. o is the cam. h is a knife-brace on carriage B. n n’ are hooked arms on carriage B. D is the knife-clamp. s is the knife-clamp screw. t t are ears on the knife-clamp. m is the throat of the plane. a’ is the rear end of carriage B, under I cam o. z is a screw in trunnion-bar, d. K is the knife. H, Fig. 8, is a knife-rest just back of throat m.

I cast my plane-stock and fit to it the usual handle and front knob. Just forward of the handle I cast a cam-shaft support, b, into which I fit a cam-shaft, i, and secure to its rear upper end a wheel, e, and to its lower end cam o. Through the sides of stock A, opposite each other, I drill two holes for the reception of trunnion-shaft d. Carriage B is made to it between the sides of stock A, back of throat m, as shown, and is drilled so that it may be mounted on trunnion-bar d in its place in stock A, and is provided with a vertical knife-brace, h, and a rearwardly-projecting arm, a’, under cam o, and its sides rise up and turning backward form hook-shaped arms n n’.

Trunnion-shaft d has its ends and its center turned of about equal diameters; but between its center and the sides of the carriage B its diameter is reduced, so that its diameter centrally between said sides is the greatest. Thus fitted and arranged, carriage B and trunnion-bar d are placed in stock A, and said carriage has a vibratory motion therein, pivoted on said bar d.

In Fig. 5 it will be seen that the interior of stock A is made with its bottom the highest in the middle at the place there shown. The rear end of carriage B reaches over said highest part, and lying under said carriage, its sides resting on the ends thereof, is a spring, c, having a bearing midway between its ends on said highest part of the bottom of stock A, as seen in Fig. 5.

Knife-clamp D is made of the form shown, being of the same width as the distance between the sides of carriage B, provided with projecting ears t t on its edges and a set-screw, s, through its upper end.

When knife K is put into the plane its lower end bearing just above its cutting-edge rests upon the center of trunnion-bar d, with its cutting-end in the throat m of the stock, and just above, it finds a bearing on knife-brace h. Knife-clamp D is now placed on top of knife K, and slid down until its ears t t engage under the hooked arms n n’ on carriage B. In this position set-screw s is turned down against knife K. Ears t t now become a fulcrum on which clamp D bears upwardly, restrained by hooked arms n n’. This throws the lower end of the clamp strongly against the knife near its cutting-edge, clamping its lower end firmly between the end of said clamp and the center of trunnion-bar d, and pressing its part under screw s firmly against brace h, and thus rigidly locking the knife to the carriage.

My improved plane is adjusted and operated as follows: When the knife is put in as above described, the cam o is turned by wheel e, so as to depress arm a’ on carriage B and the rear end of said carriage against spring c, under it, as low as it will go. With the carriage in this position knife K is locked thereon, as just described, with its cutting-edge in throat m just flush with the face of the plane-stock. Knife-clamp D is truly fitted to carriage B, so that its lower edge, when in operating position in carriage B, is at right angles to a longitudinal center-line through the plane. Knife K, it will be seen, has a rear support only on its longitudinal center-line, touching on the center of the elliptic-shaped bar d and on the narrow end of knife-brace h, on carriage B. Thus the knife is forced by operating-screw s against it, to adjust itself to the position of the knife-clamp D, which, being true, as stated, causes the edge of the knife to be truly brought into place in the throat m. Knife K being adjusted, as above stated, the handle of the plane is grasped by the operator, as shown in Fig. 2, and the plane is applied to its work.

It will be seen that the knife guiding cam-wheel is in such convenient form and position relative to the plane-handle that the operator can vary the depth of the cut even from one end of it to the other, and by turning wheel e and cam o to the left the rear end of carriage B rises, forced up by spring c, swinging on trunnion-bar d, and carrying with it in such motion knife K, which, in this position, operates something like a lever whose short arm is below the center of bar d, and whose long arm is represented by that part of it above said bar.

It is easily understood that the elevation of the part of knife K above bar d and the consequent depression of the lower end of the knife increases the depth of the out that the plane will make, and vice versa. It will also be seen that all of the points of resistance which support the knife against the force of the cut are solid and unyielding, and that the devices for governing the cut are so constructed and applied that the operator may commence with a deep heavy cut against the grain of hard tough wood, and while planing gradually elevate the edge of the knife by turning wheel e and cam o to the right until he produces the smooth fine shaving of a smoothing-plane. The cutting-edge of the knife is so backed up close to its end by bar d that the knife cannot chatter under any circumstances.

The devices for securing the knife to the carriage are such that it is not necessary that a specially-constructed knife be used with this plane; and if it be necessary from any cause to use an unusually thin knife, I have provided a means for compensating therefor in the screw z, placed at the bearing-point thereon in bar d, Fig. 6, which, in such an emergency, may be turned out of said bar far enough to cause the edge of such a knife to assume its proper position in throat m.

In case it may be desirable to modify the construction of my plane by omitting to extend bar d quite across the stock from side to side, substituting therefor short trunnion-bearings reaching just through the sides of the stock and of the carriage, I have provided a center-rest, H, Fig. 8, for the knife, cast on the stock about where the center of bar d would come.

For the purpose of tightening and strengthening the sides of the stock, I cast it with vertical grooves therein, as shown in Fig. 8.

In Fig. 7 it will be seen that I cast sinuous grooves in the face of stock A, running longitudinally thereon. The general object of such or straight grooves — viz., to prevent the adhesion of the plane to a very smooth surface — is well understood, and to accomplish that object straight grooves are sufficient; but in using a plane so made it is found that in planing the sharp corner of a board the corner will often drop into one of the grooves, and thus become scraped and injured; but if the face be corrugated with sinuous grooves, as shown, this inconvenience is entirely obviated.

I am aware that it is not new to construct a metallic plane-stock having a knife-carriage pivoted within its sides, and I do not broadly claim a plane so constructed; but

What I claim as my invention is —

1. The plane-stock A, provided with the cam-shaft support b, in combination with cam o, shaft i, wheel e, knife-carriage B, trunnion-bar d, and spring c, constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with carriage B, provided with hooked arms n n’ and the knife-brace h, of the elliptically-shaped trunnion-bar d, knife K, and knife-clamp D, provided with screw S, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a plane-stock provided with a vibratory knife- carriage, the knife K, arranged to have its rear support on said carriage, substantially on the longitudinal center-line of the knife, with the cutting-end of the knife resting on and supported bythe axial pivot of the carriage.

4. The combination of spring c, carriage B, and cam o, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

LOUIS C. RODIER.

In presence of–
WM. H. CHAPIN,
H. A. CHAPIN.

No. 203,442 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Robert S. Griffin) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”292″]203442

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ROBERT S. GRIFFIN , OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 203,442, dated May 7, 1878; application filed April 6, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT S. GRIFFIN, of Worcester, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and valuable Improvement in Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of a plan view of the plane-stock, with the bit and cap removed, showing the back plate and its attachments. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the plane, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the bottom of the bit or blade.

This invention has relation to improvements in planes.

The object of the invention is to devise a means whereby the blade may be adjusted to cut shavings of various thicknesses, and secured to the stock without the employment of wedges or other like devices.

The nature of the invention consists in combining with the back plate aforesaid, having the projecting-screw, the longitudinally-slotted bit, the cap, and the thumb-nut, an adjusting-screw having a screw-seat upon the under side of the said back plate, and engaging a forked offset on the back of the plane-bit, whereby, the thumb-nut being loosened, I am able to adjust the bit to cut a fine or coarse shaving, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

In the annexed drawings, the letter A designates the plane-stock, having the usual flaring recess a and throat a’. B represents a metallic back plate, recessed into the rear inclined wall of the recess a. so as to be flush therewith, and provided, near its lower edge, with a projecting screw, B’. This screw is at right angles to the plane of the said back plate. C represents an adjusting-screw, having its bearings in a female-threaded offset, b, near the top, and on the under side of the back plate, and provided, near its upper end, with an annular grove, c, the functions of which will be hereinafter set forth. The screw C has at its upper end a head, d, by which it is conveniently manipulated, and it works in a groove, e, in the rear inclined wall ofthe recess a. D indicates the planing-bit, having a longitudinal slot, f, through which the screw B’ extends, and near its upper end a forked offset, g, that straddles the adjusting-screw in the groove c aforesaid, snugly. By operating the screw C, the planing-bit is raised or lowered to any desired extent. J indicates the cap, having an oblong slot, h, in its median line, through which the screw B projects. The cap and planing-bit are forcibly clamped against the stock, or rather the end wall of the recess a, by a thumb-nut, L, or its equivalent, applied upon the end of the screw B’. This nut being loosened, the bit may be adjusted to cut a thin shaving or a thick one, as may be required, by operating the adjusting-screw C, to raise or lower the planing-bit. The cap, being also slotted, may be also adjusted in conformity with the adjustment of the bit.

It will be seen that by means of the back plate, its projecting screw, and the thumb-nut above described, the planing-bit and cap are adjusted according to requirements, without the employment of wedges or other equivalent devices, and that the said devices may be raised or lowered, as the case may be, by simply loosening the thumb-nut and actuating the adjusting-screw. This latter is connected to the planing-bit by the engagement of the forked onset with the annular groove aforesaid.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination of the plane-stock A, having groove e in its rear wall, the back plate B, carrying screw B’, and the screw-threaded offset b, and the adjusting-screw C, having annular groove c, and working in said offset, with the longitudinally-slotted bit D, having forked offset g upon its under side, near its upper end, the slotted cap J, and thumb-nut L, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT S. GRIFFIN.

Witnesses:
ERVING F. RICE,
T. H. HAZFORD.

No. 202,674 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Charlotte Smith) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”290″]202674

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLOTTE SMITH, OF CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS, ADMINISTRATRIX OF JOHN F. SMITH, DECEASED.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 202,674, dated April 23, 1878; application filed March 26, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLOTTE SMITH, of Chelsea, Suffolk, State of Massachusetts, administratrix of the estate of my deceased husband, JOHN FRANCIS SMITH, of said city, county, and State, do declare that the said deceased, during his lifetime, did invent a new and useful Plane-Iron Cap, of which the following is a specification:

The nature of the invention is that of a plate of metal of peculiar form, detachable, but when in use fastened by a peculiar device to one side of a plane-iron, being an improvement on the well-known plane-iron top of a carpenter’s plane; and the object of the improvement is to effect the ready removal of the top when required, and also the firmer holding it in place when in use.

Figure 1 is a view of one side of the plane-iron, showing the nut used to fasten the top, and the necessary slot in the plane-iron, &c. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section, giving the relative positions of the plane-iron, the top with its screw, and the nut of the same.

In the drawings, A, Figs. 1 and 2, is the plane-iron or blade of a carpenter’s plane. B, Fig. 1, is a slot in the same, of any convenient length or width, running lengthwise of the plane-iron. C, Figs. 1 and 2, is a nut, with a projection each side of it, (seen in Fig. 1,) forming a thumb-screw, a, being worked by the thumb and finger, screwed onto the screw D, Figs. 1 and 2, which screw passes through the slot B, Fig. 1, as seen in Fig. 2, and at the right-hand side in Fig. 2 is attached to the plane-iron top E, Fig. 2. A shoulder (seen in both figures, in dashed lines in Fig. 2) is attached to the base of the screw D, and also to the top E, and is cut away (see Fig. 1) on each side of the screw D, so as to enter into the slot B.

The inner surface of the top E is seen in Fig. 2 not to lie flat on the plane-iron, but to rest on the same by its ends, which are both, in the same figure, seen to be curved. The thinness of the top E, with the two curves noted, makes of it a spring of greater or less strength, as the thickness of the top E may vary.

It is not proposed to confine ourselves to any particular thickness of the top, nor to any particular curve of the ends. A circular enlargement is sometimes made of the slot B near one or the other end; but this is not claimed here as original.

The length of the shoulder portion left on entering into the slot B may be varied. The whole device of the top and its attachment may be adapted to any plane-iron, the size of the thumb-screw being varied to suit the width of th slot which may be borne by the plane-iron.

Operation: The parts of the device being in place, as seen in the drawings, the nut C is turned by the thumb and finger, thus bending, more or less, the top E and pressing the curved ends more tightly on the plane-iron. When the top E is to be removed there is no loss of time in searching for a screw-driver; but the thumb-screw C is readily turned by the thumb and finger, as before, and the top E is at once loosened; and if the slot B is cut as drawn in Fig. 1, the thumb-screw C is removed, when the top E is readily removed to admit the sharpening of the cutting-edge of the plane-iron.

If the circular enlargement referred to as optionally provided is present, the nut need not be removed, the thumb-screw arms in that case passing through the slot B.

I do not claim the providing the top with a single curved end.

I claim for the inventor —

1. The double curved plane-iron top shown, in combination with the plane-iron, the shoulder, the screw D, and a nut, all when constructed and fitted for use, substantially as described and shown.

2. The combination of the thumb-screw with its arms, the screw D, the shoulder seen, a plane-iron, and a plane-iron top, all when constructed and arranged substantially as described and shown.

CHARLOTTE SMITH,
Admimistratrar of John Francis Smith.

Witnesses:
JOS. B. BELL,
LEMUEL P. JENKS.

No. 191,393 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Watson Wood) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”278″]191393

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WATSON WOOD, OF CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 191,393, dated May 29, 1877; application filed February 26, 1877.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WATSON WOOD, of Chelsea, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 represents a side view of a plane, partly in section, to show my improved oiling attachment; and Fig. 2 is a top view of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The invention has reference to an oiling attachment to iron or iron-faced planes, by which the objectionable sticking or friction of the same on wood is obviated; and the invention consists of an iron or iron-faced plane, having an oil-receptacle and feed device in front of the cutting-iron.

In the drawing, A represents a plane of any approved construction, being either entirely of iron or of wood with an iron face. A small hole, a, is drilled through the face of the plane in front of the cutting-iron and in the center of the face. This hole is connected, either by a small tube or directly, with an oil-receptacle, B, that may be either cast on the plane inside of the knob which is generally used as a handle, or otherwise attached to the same. The oil-receptacle B is closed by a knob, G, that is secured or otherwise applied in air-tight manner thereto. A wick or piece of soft leather is arranged at the inside of the receptacle and in the feed-hole et, so as to prevent the oil from being fed too fast on the face of the plane. The wick or other device admits only the escape of a quantity of oil sufficient to allow the iron-faced plane to run smoothly and easily over the wood, giving the iron face sufficient lubrication to destroy the friction or sticking of the same on the wood without greasing the work or the hands of the person using the plane.

When the plane is not in use no oil will escape, and, as no air can get in, it will last for a long time, and not gum at all. The face of the plane, being always oily, will not rust, nor will the iron rust, as the shavings that are cut by it supply a small quantity of grease to it, which leaves the iron in a good condition for any length of time, the oil-trap forming thus a useful attachment to the plane that facilitates the working with iron-faced planes.

I am aware that it is not new to set a soap-stone in front of a plane-iron; but

What I claim is —

The combination of plane A, having hole a, and the oil-reservoir B, the two connected directly or by tube with each other, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

WATSON WOOD.

Witnesses:
FRANK T. WARE,
EBEN HUTCHINSON.

No. 185,442 – Improvement In Match-Planes (Porter A. Gladwin) (1876)

[paiddownloads id=”273″]185442

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

PORTER A. GLADWIN, OF CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN MATCH-PLANES.
_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 185,442, dated December 19, 1876; application filed November 6, 1876.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PORTER A. GLADWIN, of Chelsea, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Match-Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my match-plane inverted. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the two movable gages connected together and detached from the plane. Figs. 3 and 4 are transverse vertical sections.

My present invention relates to certain improvements in match-planes for which Letters Patent of the United States No. 17,541 were granted to me June 9, 1857.

The stock of the plane referred to was constructed so as to receive and hold a double iron-one portion for tonguing and the other for grooving–two stationary gages being employed in connection with this double iron; but on account of these gages being stationary only one thickness of material could be matched with a single plane, and consequently a number of these tools were required to match boards of different thicknesses.

My invention has for its object to provide a single match-plane, which can be so adjusted as to adapt it for boards of various thicknesses; and consists in a pair of movable gages, in combination with a stock provided with both a tonguing and a grooving iron.

My invention also consists in so connecting or coupling these gages that they may be moved simultaneously in the same direction, in order thereby to insure the perfect matching of two boards of the same thickness.

My invention furthermore consists. in making one of the gages adjustable independently of the other, in order that the relative position of one gage may be slightly changed with respect to that of the other, whereby the tongue and groove may be so located that the surfaces of the two boards to be matched will lie flush with each other.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand and use my invention, I will proceed to l describe the manner in which I have carried it out.

In the said drawings, A represents the stock of my improved plane, which is provided with a handle, b, its bottom being of the form seen. In the throat of the stock is secured, by means of a wedge, a double-edged tonguing-iron, c, a double-edged grooving-iron, d, being also secured within the stock by a wedge, e, a throat, 5, being formed in a plate, B, screwed to one side of the stock, through which the iron d passes.

On the bottom of the stock A, opposite to that to which the plate B is screwed, slides a longitudinal gage, G, of L shape in cross-section, and provided with a metal facing, i, the distance of which from the edge of the groove k in the stock A is regulated by two thumb-screws, l l, which pass through plates m m, let into the side of the gage, and enter nuts p, set into the stock A, as seen in Fig. 3, each screw being held in place within the gage by a collar, q; and by means of these screws the position of the gage with respect to the groove in the tonguing-iron c may be varied as desired for boards of different thickness.

The part of the plane which cuts the groove is provided with a movable gage, D, by which the distance of the groove from the edge of the board may be varied according to its thickness. This gage D consists of a plate, which is connected or coupled with the tonguing-gage C by two slotted bars, r r, passing through the stock, the bars r r, which project from the side of the gage D, being secured to the gage C by screws t, which admit of the distance between the gages being slightly varied, as desired; and when these screws are clamped or tightened the gages are rigidly coupled or secured together, so as to move simultaneously in the same direction when operated by the thumb-screws l l. By rigidly connecting the two gages C D, so that they will move in common, the distance of the gage C from the nearest edge of the groove in the tonguing-iron c will be exactly equal to the distance of the gage D from the side of the grooving-iron d nearest to it, by which means the location of the groove in one board will exactly correspond with the location of the tongue of the other board to be matched therewith, so that when the two boards are united their surfaces will lie exactly flush with each other.

The object of the slight independent adjustment of the gages by means of the clamping-screws t t to provide a means whereby their original relative position may be restored with perfect accuracy in the event of their becoming accidentally displaced, or the distance between them becoming changed by wear. The gage D, instead of extending along a portion only of the stock A and fitting into a recess, as shown, may extend the entire length of the stock, if desired. Instead of the gages being rigidly connected, so as to move simultaneously, they may be moved toward or from their respective irons by separate and independent screws or other devices; but I prefer to connect them, as much inconvenience and delay is thereby avoided, and the construction is simplified.

By the employment of adjustable gages boards of any thickness within the limits of the movement of the gages may be matched with a single plane; whereas, were the gages stationary, as described in my aforesaid Letters Patent No. 17,541, a different plane would be required for every board of a different thickness, and consequently the expense of a great number of planes is avoided, together with the trouble of transporting them from place to place, and the labor of grinding and keeping them in order while much space is also economized.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The movable gages C D, in combination with a plane-stock, A, provided with tonguing and grooving irons c d, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The gages C D, made adjustable independently of each other by the slotted bars r r and screws t t, in combination with the stock A, provided with tonguing and grooving irons, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

Witness my hand this 24th day of February, 1876.

PORTER A. GLADWIN.

In presence of —
N. W. STEARNS,
P. E. TESCHEMACHER.

No. 167,772 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Matthias C. Mayo) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”253″]167772

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MATTHIAS C. MAYO, OF BOSTON , MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO J.
GARDNER WELD, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 167,772, dated September 14, 1875; application filed July 14, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MATTHIAS C. MAYO, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a plane constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line z z of Fig. 2 ; Fig. 6, sectional detail.

My invention relates to that class of metallic planes for which Letters Patent of the United States were granted to Russell Phillips, August 13, 1867.

In these planes the adjustable gage which regulates the distance of the cutter from the edge of the work is supported upon a horizontal arm and secured, when adjusted, by a thumb-screw, the lower end of which enters a longitudinal groove or channel on the upper side of the arm.

This construction is, however, objectionable, as the point of the screw soon becomes worn, so that the gage cannot be securely confined upon the arm, and the tool becomes shaky; furthermore, the sides of the groove in the arm are liable to be indented by the screw, a ragged edge being thus produced, which interferes with the free movement of the gage.

The first part of my invention has for its object to remedy these difliculties; and consists in providing the sliding gage with a clamping device, which embraces the horizontal arm, and slides thereon with a spline or feather, by which construction any shifting of the gage, while the tool is being used, is effectually prevented.

My invention also consists in the peculiar construction of the gage by which the depth of the cut is regulated, this gage extending the entire or the greater portion of the length of the tool, and being provided with a clamping-screw near each end, the plate to which it is secured having a graduated scale at or near each end, by which means the tool is held perfectly level, and prevented from being tipped up at one end, as is liable to occur when the gage is placed just in front of the cutter, as heretofore, and the formation of a groove or out of equal depth throughout its entire length is thus insured.

My invention also consists in constructing the bottom plate of the plane with a lip or flange instead of with a square edge, as heretofore, the curvature of this lip corresponding to that of a portion of the edge of a bead-cutter of any size, the lip or flange serving as a guide for the cutter as soon as it begins to act, causing it to cut more gradually and smoothly than heretofore, and with less expenditure of power, thus forming a more perfect bead, while the narrow edge of the lip or flange admits of the formation of a wide bead with a narrow “quirk” or fillet, which it has not heretofore been possible to do with any tool made to cut beads of different widths.

My invention also consists in the peculiar construction of the lower end of the pivoted clamping-lever, which holds the cutter in place, whereby the clogging of the throat is effectually prevented.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the manner in which I have carried it out.

In the said drawings, A represents the stock of the plane, which is formed of metal; B, the handle; and C, the bottom or sword plate. From one side of the stock A projects a horizontal arm or beam, D, which is held firmly in place by means of a screw-nut, a. Upon this arm D slides the metallic gage E, by adjusting the position of which the distance of the cutter b from the edge of the work may be regulated, as desired.

The gage is provided with a bracket, E’, supporting at its upper end a clamp, c, formed with a bearing, c’, and spline e, adapted to receive and embrace the longitudinal arm D. The upper portion of the clamp c, at c”, is cut through and provided with an extension, c”’, through which a tightening-screw, d, passes and engages with a corresponding extension, c””, formed on the bracket E’ and lower portion of the clamp-beaning c.

The gage is prevented from turning on the arm by the feather e on the arm D, which fits into a groove, f formed in the under side of the clamp; and by this device the gage is held rigidly upon the arm, and all liability of its position being changed while the tool is in use is effectually prevented; furthermore, when the screw d is loosened the gage E is always free to slide upon the arm D, which is not the case where the clamping-screw enters a groove in the arm, as heretofore.

The depth of the cut is regulated by an elongated gage, G, which is placed on one side of the plate C, and extends nearly its entire length.

From this gage project two vertical plates, g h, the plate g having a slot, i, through which passes a clamping-screw, k, and the plate h being provided with a clamping-screw, l, which passes through a slot, m, in the stock, and enters a slide, n, on the opposite side thereof, this slide having at its bottom a horizontal plate, P, which also serves as a gage, and, in connection with the gage G, effectually prevents the plane from being rocked laterally while in use, which would cause the opposite sides of the groove being cut to be of unequal depth; and, by means of the screws k l, the gages G P can be readily secured at any desired distance from the bottom of the plate G, so as to determine the degree of penetration of the cutter into the wood, the adjustment of the gage G being greatly facilitated by a graduated scale, q, near each end of the plate C.

By the employment of an elongated gage, G, extending the entire, or nearly the entire, length of the plate C, instead of a short gage placed just in front of the cutter, as heretofore, the operator is enabled to hold the tool perfectly level, and all liability of its being tipped up at one end, as was liable to occur with the old construction, is entirely avoided, and the formation of a groove or cut of equal depth throughout its entire length is thus insured.

The gage E is provided with a recess, r, for the reception of the gage P, which would otherwise prevent the gage E from being brought up as close to the plate C as might be desired.

The bottom of the plate C, instead of being made with a square edge, as heretofore, is formed with a projecting lip or flange, s, the curvature of which corresponds to that of a portion of the edge of a bead-cutter when secured in place, as seen in Fig. 6.

When a cutter of this description is employed, it is secured so as to project out on the inner side only of the plate G, as seen in Fig. 6, the cutting-points of the iron extending slightly below the bottom of the lip s, which thus serves as a guide for the cutter as soon as it commences to act, and also prevents the cutter from being forced deeply into the wood, as heretofore, which produces a rough and ragged edge, and the bead is thus caused to be cut gradually and smoothly and more perfectly than heretofore, and with less expenditure of power.

Any sized bead-cutter may be employed, and it will be seen that the narrow edge of the lip s will admit of the formation of a wide bead with a narrow quirk or fillet, which has heretofore been impracticable with any tool made to cut beads of various widths.

The cutter or iron b, which may be of any size or description desired, its into an inclined way, t, made to receive it, and is securely held by a clamping-lever, H, pivoted at 10 to the stock A.

Passing through the upper end of this lever is a thumb-screw, u, the lower end of which bears against the enlarged outer end of a spring-plate, v, secured to the under side of the lever, this plate, as the screw is turned, being brought down onto the upper end of the cutter, the further turning of the screw causing the lever H to be rocked in such manner as to bring its straight edge w firmly down upon the cutter at or near its center, the cutter being still further steadied in place by a groove in its under side, which fits over the edge 12 at the bottom of the way t.

The lever H thus admits of a cutter of any width or thickness being readily secured in place, while the enlarged end of the spring-plate v affords an extended bearing, so that the pressure of the screw may be exerted upon the entire width of the cutter.

The lower end of the lever H is provided with a concave or spoon-shaped enlargement, a’, arranged in such manner that it will receive the shavings as they issue through the throat b’ from the cutter b, and conduct the same sidewise clear of the upper surface of the throat, thereby effectually preventing any clogging of the throat by reason of the shavings accumulating above the same, as is the case with planes constructed in the usual manner.

On the side of each cutter is a pin, c’, by which it may be readily inserted, removed, or adjusted.

When the gage E and arm D are removed, which can be easily done, the plane can be ured as a dado, groover, rabbet, bead, V, or round plane, by merely inserting a cutter of the desired shape.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The divided clamp c, provided with bearing c’, slot f, and clamping-screw d, adapted to hold and embrace the arm D of a stock, A, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with the sword-plate C, provided with a lip or flange, s, of the cutter b, pivoted clamping-lever H, provided with concave enlargement a’ and adjustable gage E, substantially as shown and described.

Witness my hand this 6th day of July, A.D. 1875.

MATTHIAS O. MAYO

In presence of —
N. W. STEARNS,
P. E. TESCHEMACHER.

No. 161,701 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (John E. Norwood) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”242″]161701

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN E. NORWOOD, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 161,701, dated April 6, 1875; application filed February 13, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN E. NORWOOD, of Boston, Suffolk county, Massachusetts, have invented a new and Improved Bench-Plane, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same, and Fig. 3 a detail top view of the cutting-iron.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The invention will first be fully described, and then pointed out in the claim.

A represents a block plane-stock, of the usual construction, and B the cutting-iron used therein. The stock A is provided with side openings C, through which the cutting-iron B, which is made with side extensions B’, as shown in Fig. 3, is permitted to pass out flush with the outside of the stock. The cutting-iron B is rigidly fastened and adjusted in the customary manner to the stock, and allows of the use ofthe plane for cutting rabbets, or as a block plane, for truing up miter-joints or cutting across the ends of the wood.

The cutting-iron is set, as usual in these kinds of planes, at an acute angle to the bottom or face of the stock, and with the bevel at the upper side instead of at the under side, as in most planes.

The combined plane performs equally well the work of a block-plane and of a rabbet-plane, and is, therefore, of great advantage to wood-workers as a compact and effective implement.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The combination of a stock, having guide-edges on each side, with openings C C and a plane-iron, B, having extensions B’, as and for the purpose described.

JOHN E. NORWOOD.

Witnesses:
ORAMEL B. SCOFIELD,
JAMES H. BONKS.

No. 164,350 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Thomas H. Wall) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”244″]164350

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS H. WALL, OF NEW BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 164,350, dated June 8, 1875; application filed April 20, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS H. WALL, of New Bedford, county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming part hereof.

My invention consists in a screw set in the bed of the plane, and extending upward in a line perpendicular to the surface of said bed, through a slot in the plane-iron and a slot in the break-iron, together with a thumb-nut arranged to turn down upon the screw, whereby the plane-iron, when adjusted, may be held securely in place.

Figure 1 is a plan of a plane embodying my invention.

A is the bed of the plane. S is the screw, made preferably with the post a at its upper end, by means of which it may, with a suitable key or wrench, be screwed securely into the bed A, as shown, so that it will extend upward in a line perpendicular to the surface of the bed. P is the plane-iron, formed with the slot b. B is the break-iron, which I make with the slot c in its upper end, as shown. When the plane-iron and break-iron are adjusted in place upon the bed A the screw S will project through the slot b in the former and slot c in the latter, the line of its axis being at right angles with, and perpendicular to, the surface of the irons. T is a thumb-nut, arranged to turn down upon the screw S until it presses tightly against the upper surface of the break-iron, as shown.

Now, it is evident that by means of these devices, as shown, the plane-iron may be readily and conveniently adjusted and held securely in position.

I am aware that a patent has been heretofore granted to J. B. Tarr, No. 82,450, for an improvement in bench-planes, in which are shown and described two screws with squared heads, working in the plane-stock, and operating to alter the pitch and set of the plane-iron, and also a thumb-screw working through a nut adjusted in the slot of the plane-iron, and having a bearing at its lower or inner end in a plate fixed in the plane-stock, and operating between the two other screws, to tighten the plane-iron as set by the other screws. I disclaim the devices shown and claimed in this patent, intending to limit my claim to the exact and specific devices shown in my specification, namely, a screw set in the wood of the plane-stock, and arranged to project through the slot in the plane iron, together with a thumb-nut, whereby the plane-iron may be fastened securely to its bed in the plane-stock.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination, as a plane-iron fastener, of the screw S, set in the bed A, the plane-iron P, and the thumb-nut T, as described.

THOMAS HENRY WALL.

Witnesses:
O. S. PAGE,
T. M. MITCHELL.

No. 165,704 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Charles Bridges) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”247″]165704

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES BRIDGES, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 165,704, dated July 20, 1875; application filed March 20, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES BRIDGES, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 represents a top view of my improved plane-stock with handle detached; Fig. 2, a vertical longitudinal section of the plane; Fig. 3, a vertical transverse section of the same on line c c, Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a side view of my extension plane-iron detached; and Fig. 5, a detail side view of the wedge-connection of plane-stock and handle, partly in section, on line x x, Fig. 3.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The invention will first be fully described, and then pointed out in the claims.

In the drawing, A represents a metallic plane-stock, with throat or slot for the cutter or extension plane-iron B, that is seated on a lateral front ridge, a, and on a central recess, b, of the circular rear partition A’ of the stock. The extension plane-iron B is guided with its narrower rear end or stem in a flanged and slotted shank part, C, being attached thereto by a clamp-screw, d, in such a manner that as the plane-iron is gradually worn out two or more screw-holes, d’, of the front top plate of shank G may be used to secure the iron and extend the same toward the throat. The rear part G’ of shank C is made in the nature of a screw socket or nut for the adjusting screw-bolt D, that is seated by collar e and a thumb-piece, f in the recess b of the rear partition of the stock, producing by the turning of the screw-bolt the forward or backward traveling of the plane-iron. The plane-iron is thus supported in a very simple, substantial, and convenient manner in the plane-stock, without a chance of moving forward or backward, or changing the set of the screw in case the plane is dropped. The plane-iron is instantly placed in the stock and guided exactly into its place, being also readily adjusted to any thickness of shavings by the screw-bolt. The cutter-edge can be squared to the throat or face of the plane by moving the screw slightly to the right or left in the recess of the partition, which is made wide enough for this purpose. The plane-stock A is provided at the sides with projecting wedge-pieces g, and below the same, at the bottom, with inclined ribs g’. The handle part E is made of hollow cast metal to fit the palm of the hand, and bears, by an extension front flange, h, and the plane-iron, and by its sides and rear part, on the sides and rear partition of the plane-stock. To a central socket, i, at the interior part of handle E, is applied, by an adjustable set-screw, i’, a lateral arm-piece, F, that is guided, by recessed side lugs l, along vertical guide-ribs l’ of the handle, according as the arm-piece is adjusted higher or lower in the cavity of the handle. The arms of the arm-piece F extend below the sides of handle E, and are grooved to slide on the wedge-pieces g of the plane-stock, and come, by end lugs m, in contact with the bottom ribs g’ of the same. The arm-piece F is adjusted in such a manner that when the handle is slid forward on the plane-stock, the wedge-pieces and bottom ribs bind rigidly on the ends of the arm-piece, define the position of the handle, and seat the rear part of the handle exactly on the circular rear partition of the stock. The thumb-piece of the lengthening screw-bolt is then turned up, and thereby the handle securely locked to the plane-iron and stock, so that no detaching during use is possible. The plane-iron, being thus entirely within the handle, is not liable to the accidents occurring frequently in metallic planes-namely, the driving forward of the cutter, by a hard blow or fall, into the throat of the stock, on which it acts like a wedge, bursting the throat and spoiling the plane. The plane-iron is, furthermore, entirely out of the way of the hand, and is far more convenient to use, regulate, and handle. The plane forms one compact and solid body without any parts that are likely to be injured, and offers the greatest facility for being handled and adjusted.

The above-described invention has reference more particularly to my Patent No. 157,438, granted December 8, 1874, on which I esteem it to be a decided improvement.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. The combination of plane-iron B, having narrow rear shank, the holder C, having a slot to receive said shank, and the swiveled screw D f, working in a threaded socket of said holder, as and for the purpose described.

2. The combination of stock A, having wedge-pieces g g on the sides, and ribs g’ g’ on the bottom, with hollow handle E, having socket i, the screw i’, and the arm F, having lugs l, as and for the purpose specified.

CHARLES BRIDGES.

Witnesses:
CHAS. F. HOWE,
DEXTER SYMONDS.

No. 165,742 – Improvement In Joiners’ Planes (Joseph Look) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”248″]165742

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOSEPH LOOK, OF SOUTH ABINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO BRIGHAM, LITOHFIELD & VINING, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN JOINERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 165,742, dated July 20, 1875; application filed March 15, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH LOOK, of South Abington, of the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following speciiication and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view, Fig. 2 a bottom view, and Fig. 3 a longitudinal section, of one of my improved planes. Fig. 4 is a bottom view, and Fig. 5 a transverse section, of the stock. Fig. 6 is a front-end view, and Fig. 7 an edge view, of the cutter or plane-iron, which is crowned or curved transversely on its lower surface for some distance back from the cutting-edge.

The plane is designed for cutting or planing across the grain of wood perpendicularly, or about so, thereto. Instead of arranging the cutting-iron sloping in the stock, or at an acute angle to the bearing-surface of the plane, it is disposed substantially or approximately parallel thereto, and is wholly arranged within the stock, or a cavity or recess made lengthwise therein, the cutter being on its under surface, and at and back from its cutting edge, arched or crowned a little transversely, as shown.

In the drawing, A denotes the stock, made with a cutter-receiving recess, a, arranged in it, and with respect to its bearing-face b, in manner as shown, there being a chip-throat, c, leading upward out of said recess a and through the stock, in manner as represented. Besides the said throat c, there is a slot, d, arranged lengthwise in the stock, and to open upward out of the recess a. The cutter or plane-iron shown at B is placed flatwise in the recess a, and with the rear part of its lower surface flush with the bearing-surface b, the cutting-edge f projecting partly across the chip-throat. A screw, C, formed as shown, goes up through a countersunk hole in the cutter, and also through the slot d, and is provided with a clamp-nut, D, such serving to hold the cutter in place in the stock. In advance of the said screw and nut are two adjusting-screws, g g, which, arranged as shown, screw down into and through the stock and against the plane-iron, they serving to determine the projection of its cutting-edge below the bearing surface of the stock, such stock being provided with a handle, h, arranged as represented.

It will be seen, that while such a plane is being used to cut across the end or grain of a piece of wood, the cutter will stand at, or nearly at, a right angle with the said grain. and therefore will operate to much better advantage than a cutter having a slanting position in the stock, as plane-irons are usually arranged.

I prefer to curve or crown the cutter in manner as shown and described, but a plane-
surface cutter may be used. The curved one, however, for various kinds of planing, especially for reduction of vessels knees or ribs, will operate much better than a plane-surface cutter.

I claim —

In the improved plane, the cutter B, its receiving-recess a, chip-throat c, and holding and adjusting screws C D, g g, arranged in and with the slotted bottom of the stock A, all substantially as described and shown.

JOSEPH LOOK.

Witnesses:
GEORGE A. CLIFT,
ALBERT DAVIS.

No. 167,311 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Leonard L. Davis) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”252″]167311

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD L. DAVIS, OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 167,311, dated August 31, 1875; application filed March 3, 1875.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD L. DAVIS, of Springfield, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings making a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same; and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the plane-iron support, showing the mechanism to adjust the plane-iron laterally.

My invention relates to the adjusting mechanism of a bench-plane; and it consists of an abutting piece made upon the plane, into which is inserted the threaded pin of a support, upon which the plane-iron rests, said support being provided with a threaded hole at each end, into which is turned a screw-guide. The threaded pin of the support is adjusted in or out of the abutment by means of a threaded nut, through which the pin is turned, the nut having a bearing against the abutment. The wedge, upon which the lower end ofthe plane-iron rests, is provided with a threaded hole, into which is turned a thumb-screw, abutting at its rear end against the before-mentioned abutment, so that the wedge may be thrust forward beneath the plane-iron more or less by turning said thumb-screw, and the wedge may be set or secured by a set-screw. A cross-bar, extending across from one side of the plane to the other, is provided with a threaded hole, into which is turned a thumb-screw, bearing against the front of the plane-iron.

In the drawings, A represents the sides of the plane, and F the base, upon which is made the abutment D, provided with a hole made obliquely therein, into which slides freely the thread-pin n. This pin is provided at the top with the cross-piece or support b, in each end of which is made a threaded hole, with a screw, a, turned therein, this screw a being provided with a large flanged head, as shown clearly in Fig. 1. A thumb-nut, c, is first turned upon the threaded pin n, and the latter is then inserted in the oblique hole made in the abutment; and to prevent the pin n from being accidentally lost out at any time a part of the pin is flattened at i, and a small screw, e, is turned into the abutment, and into the flattened part i, but not against the pin. As the pin at is thus arranged in the abutment, as shown in Fig. 2, the plane-iron B may rest upon the support b, between the screw-heads a a, one on each side. A thumb-screw, g, is turned into the rear part of the wedge f the rear end of the thumb-screw abutting against the abutment D, and slots are made through the wedge, through which set-screws as are turned into the base of the plane. A cross-bar, h, extends across from one side, A, of the plane to the other in front of the plane-iron, said bar having a threaded hole, into which is turned a thumb-screw, E, bearing against the plane-iron in front.

When it is desired to remove the plane-iron for sharpening the thumb-screw E is loosened, and the iron B may be taken out. The throat of the plane may be made larger or smaller by turning the thumb-nut c, moving the pin n either in or out of the abutment, as the case may be, and raising or depressing the support b, and the plane-iron resting thereon.

If one side of the plane-iron should protrude through the throat more than the other the screw a on that side is turned into the support b, and the opposite one turned out correspondingly, until the desired lateral adjustment is obtained. If, after the plane-iron has been adjusted to the desired angle with the base of the plane, it should be desired to change the size of the throat in front of the edge of the iron, the thumb-screw g is turned either in or out, forcing the wedge f forward or backward, as the case may be, and when adjusted to the right point it is secured by turning in the set-screw x firmly. After the desired adjustments have been made of the support b and the wedge f the thumb-screw E is turned in firmly against the front of the plane-iron, and it is ready for use.

It is evident that a small cam or similar mechanism may be used to force back the plane-iron upon the wedge and the support b, as that is the only object of the screw E; but I prefer the latter as more convenient.

I am aware that various kinds of adjusting mechanisms have heretofore been made and used, and I do not claim the same, nor any part thereof; irrespective of the arrangement herein shown and described; but,

Having described my invention, What l claim as new is —

1. The combination of the adjustable support b, the lateral adjusting-screws a a, and the screw E, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of abutment D, the adjustable support b, the threaded pin n, nut c, the lateral adjusting-screws a a, the wedge f and its screw g, and the clamping-screw E, substantially as herein described.

LEONARD L. DAVIS.

Witnesses:
T. A. CURTIS,
C. E. BUCKLAND.

No. 146,588 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Henry A. Gatley) (1874)

[paiddownloads id=”225″]146588

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY A. GATLEY, OF SOUTH BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 146,588, dated January 20, 1874; application filed December 20, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY ALLEN GATLEY, of South Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a plane to which my improvement has been applied. Fig. 2 is a detail section of the same, taken through the line x x, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail view of the plate, swiveled screw, and movable nut. Fig. 4 is a detail view of the plane-irons. Fig. 5 is a detail view of the locking-plate.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

My invention has for its object to furnish an improved attachment for jack and other hand planes, which will enable the plane-irons to be easily, accurately, and quickly attached, detached, and adjusted without hammering, and without any danger of springing the plane and making it untrue, and which shall be simple in construction and convenient in use. The invention consists in the plate, the swiveled screw, and its movable nut, in combination with the plane-irons, and the locking-plate and its screws for securing the said plane-irons adiustably to a plane-stock, as hereinafter fully described.

A represents the plane-stock, which may be made of wood or iron, and about the construction of which there is nothing new. B are the plane-irons, which are constructed and secured to each other in the ordinary manner. C is a plate, which is let into the stock A at the upper part of the inclined seat for the plane-irons B, so that its upper surface may be flush with the surface of the said seat, and which is secured to said stock by four screws. To the upper part of the lower side of the plate C are secured two lugs, C’, to which is swiveled a hand~screw, D, the hand-piece of which projects above the stock A, so that it can be conveniently operated. Upon the screw D, between the lugs C’, is placed a nut, E, which is made with a toe upon its upper edge, which projects through a slot in the plate C, and enters a hole in the plane-irons B, so that the said plane-irons may be adjusted by turning the screw D. F is the locking-plate, which is placed upon the upper side of the plane-irons B, and has a hole formed in its lower part to receive a screw, G, which passes through a hole in the plane-irons B, and is screwed into a screw-hole in the plate C. The lower part of the hole through the plate F is made large to allow the head of the screw G to pass through, and its upper part is made narrow to fit upon the body of the said screw G, as shown in Fig. 5. H is a hand-screw, which passes through a screw-hole in the plate F, and the forward end of which rests against the plane-irons B, so that, by turning the hand-screw H forward, the plate F acts as a lever to lock the plane-irons B securely in place.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The plate and lugs C c’ c’, swiveled screw D, and movable nut E, in combination with the plane-irons B, and locking-plate F and its screws G H, for securing the said plane-irons adjustably to a plane-stock, substantially as herein shown and described.

HENRY ALLEN GATLEY.

Witnesses:
JOHN T. DODGE,
JOHN McDONALD.