Tag: Massachusetts

No. 151,682 – Improvement In Planes (Burkner F. Burlington) (1874)

[paiddownloads id=”230″]151682

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

BURKNER F. BURLINGTON , OF WAKEFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND JOSEPH CARTWRIGHT, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 151,682, dated June 9, 1874; application filed January 28, 1874.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BURKNER F. BURLINGTON, of Wakeneld, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Combination Plane, Square, and Marker, for Clapboarding, &c., of which the following is a specication:

Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings are side views. Fig 3 is a central vertical longitudinal section; and Fig. 4 is a central transverse vertical section of my improved combination block-plane, square and marker.

The object of the present invention is to provide a compound tool for clapboarding, &c., by the use of which the inconvenience and loss of time heretofore occasioned by the employment of separate tools, is obviated. My invention consists in a simple, economical, and effective compound tool, arranged, as will be hereinafter more fully explained, to be conveniently used as a block-plane for finishing, as well as for clapboarding; as a marker for properly lining the work for cutting; and as a square for squaring the ends of clapboards, finishing, &c. Also, in providing a simple and effective method of holding and allowing the ready adjustment of the plane-iron; in an adjustable traveling marker-head or holder, arranged to hold or release and allow an up-and-down movement of a suitable blade or marker; in forming the bottom of the plane so as to guide it on the work; and in providing the tool with adjustable plates, arranged to admit of its adjustment to the finish at an angle properly to receive the clapboard to be marked for squaring; all of which I will now proceed to describe.

In the drawings, A represents the front side, B the back side, and C the bottom, of a metallic plane. The sides A and B extend below the bottom C, and form flanges or rabbets a a’, between which the work is guided when planed, the groove b, formed between the flanges a a’, being about an inch wide, or of sufficient width to admit seven-eighths finish, or may be of different width, if desired, for other work. The bottom C at the rear extends laterally from the side A in a curved or other desired shape, and is formed at the end with a transverse downward-extending flange or lip, D, that serves as a square with the bottom of the plane, which latter is formed with a transverse mouth, e, beveled at the required angle on its rear edge. The side A is curved downward on the front, and rounded on the bottom at the forward end, or may be otherwise shaped as desired, and is curved downward at the rear end, and formed with a curved or other suitably-shaped thumb-piece, E, and on the top at a proper distance from the thumb-piece E is formed with a curved or other suitably-shaped finger-piece, F. The side A is formed on the inside at or near its center with a lateral projecting plate, G, inclined on the top toward the front, and rabbeted to receive one side of a plate, H, formed on or attached to the under side of a plane-iron, I, the other side of the plate being held by a rabbet formed in an inclined top of a movable plate, J, held between side lugs f f, or otherwise supported, on the interior of the side B. The adjustable plate J is formed with a central transverse screw-aperture that receives one end of a transverse screw, K, whose other end turns in an aperture formed through the inclined plate G and side A, and on the outside is provided with a suitable head, L, concaved on its face to serve as a thumb-rest when the tool is used for planing. By merely turning the screw k, the plate J is adjusted nearer to or farther from the plate G, thus holding or releasing the plate H of the plane-iron I, which is placed upon the top of the plates G and J, so that the plate H is received between the rabbets of the said plates which are inclined at the angle required to bring the bottom of the iron I in the mouth e of the plane. The bottom C is formed on its top near the front with a finger-rest, M, which is ridged up, and depressed in an elliptical form on its upper face. The side B is higher than the side A, and straight on the top, with rounded corners, or may be curved or formed as desired, so as to allow the exterior to be formed with a longitudinal central groove or slot, N, beveled on its edges, or otherwise arranged to receive and admit the longitudinal travel of an adjustable marker-holder or head. Near each end of the side B is formed on the exterior a vertical slot or groove beveled on the edges, or otherwise formed, to receive and allow the up or down adjustment of a slotted plate, P P’, held or released by a screw, g, that engages in the side B, and bears on, so as to hold the plate in the desired position. These plates P P’ are (when it is desired to mark a clapboard the required length) extended so that their ends abut against the finish, the lower plate P’ being extended a distance beyond the upper plate P equal to the difference between the upper and lower widths of the clapboard, thus allowing the tool to be held at the proper angle to receive the clapboard for marking and squaring. Any desired marker may be arranged as preferred to be adjusted and travel on the side B, but in the present example I prefer to use either one of those represented in the drawings. The marker, shown in Figs. 1 and 4 of the drawings. consists of a vertical plate, h, beveled on the top and bottom edge, or otherwise formed, to be held by and travel in the slot or groove N. From about the center of the plate hprojects upward and outward an open box or frame, i, over the open sides of which extend vertical plates, curved or otherwise connected at the top, and forming a movable head, k, to which is attached the top end of a stem, s, that extends vertically through the box i, wherein is a spiral spring, p, surrounding the stem s, for the purpose of restoring the blade of the marker to its original position after its function has been performed. The lower portion of the stem s is curved inwardly and extended laterally, or otherwise shaped, and formed at the back with a flat surface, having a vertical slot or groove beveled or otherwise formed on the edges to receive a pointed or other properly formed blade or marker, r, which is held or adjusted by means of a screw, n, operating through the face of the lower portion of the stem against the blade.

When desired to use the marker represented in Figs. 1 and 4, the head k is pressed down so as to extend the blade r below the bottom of the tool, and the marker is, by means of the plate h traveling in the slot or groove N, carried down so as to draw the blade across the face of the clapboard or finish against which the tool is held, thus marking the work in the desired manner, the blade after performing its function returning, by means of the spring p, to its former position above the bottom of the tool, which is thus left unobstructed by it for further use.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is —

1. A block-plane having the plate G, in combination with the transverse screw K, movable plate J, and plane-iron having rib or plate, as described.

2. The plane, substantially as described, having the adjustable plates and traveling marker, adjusting set-screw, and finger-rests, as described.

3. A marker having a vertical plate, h, arranged to travel in the side of a plane and connected or formed with an upward and outward projecting box or frame, i, having a movable head, k, connected with a stem, s, extending vertically through the box, and supplied with a spiral spring, p, the lower portion of said stem projecting inwardly, and formed with a flat rear face, vertically slotted or grooved to receive an adjustable blade, substantially as specified, and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BURKNER F. BURLINGTON.

Witnesses:
CARROLL D. WRIGHT,
SAML. M. BARTON.

No. 153,399 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (George M. Thompson) (1874)

[paiddownloads id=”232″]153399

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE M. THOMPSON , OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 153,399, dated July 21, 1874; application filed June 13, 1874..

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE M. THOMPSON, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and valuable Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings making a part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 of the drawing is a representation of a longitudinal vertical section of my plane. Fig. 2 is a top plan view, and Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view. Fig. 4 is a transverse section, and Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are detail views. Fig. 8 is an under-side view of the chip E.

This invention has relation to that class of bench-planes having metallic stocks; and it consists, principally, in a bed-frame and moveable carriage for the plane-iron, which carriage is adjustable by means of a rack and segment lever and a thumb-screw, and affords a broad and firm bearing for the plane-iron. It further consists in combining, with the plane-iron and its adjustable bed, a jointed “chip” or wedge, which is provided with a set-screw, by means of which the upper and lower ends of the said chip can be made to bear with considerable force upon the plane-iron, and rigidly hold it in place. My invention consists, further, in constructing V-shaped lugs on the plane-iron carriage, which lugs are adapted to enter notches made in the edges of the plane-iron, and thereby prevent the same from slipping longitudinally when adjusted on its carriage, as will be hereinafter more fully explaned.

The following is a description of my improvements:

In the annexed drawings, A designates a sole-plate, and B B the side flanges or cheeks thereof, which, with the plate, constitute a metal plane-stock, which is cast entire. C and C’ designate the handles of the stock, which are of the usual well-known form, and are secured on top of the sole-plate in any suitable manner. The bottom and top surfaces of the sole-plate are constructed with numerous grooves, a, arranged alternately in regular rows of short sections, which greatly reduce the frictional surface, while at the same time they lighten the stock very much. The grooves a’ on top of the sole-plate are disposed between the grooves a, and also lighten the stock without materially reducing its strength or stiffness. The said grooves run in a direction with the length of the stock, and they are preferably made quite short, so that they will not interfere with the dressing of the edge of a very narrow piece of stuff. D designates a frame, which is rigidly secured upon the sole-plate A, in rear of the throat, by means of a clamp, c. This frame D is constructed with a bearing, b’, for the lower portion of the plane-iron G, the upper portion of which iron is supported upon an inclined carriage or sliding bed, b. This carriage b is guided in the frame D by means of lips p p and hooking-lugs l l, (shown in Fig. 6,) and it is constructed with V-shaped lugs j j, which enter notches i i made in the edges of the plane-iron G, and thus prevent endwise displacement of the plane-iron on its carriage. On the bottom side of the carriage b a rack, r, is formed, the teeth of which engage with a toothed segment, which is formed on the short arm of a lever, F, which has its fulcrum at f on standard h, rising from the base of the frame D. The longer arm of lever F is forked, and embraces an annular groove in an adjusting-nut, g, which nut is applied on a screw, g’, rising perpendicnlarly from a rear extension of the base of frame D. By adjusting the nut g, the carriage b can be moved up and down in the frame D, and the plane-iron can be nicely adjusted according to the thickness of the shaving required. E designates what is denominated the chip, which is of wedge form, and composed of two pieces hinged together at e’, and provided with a set-screw, e. When the plane-iron G is in place on the carriage b and bearing b’, the chip is inserted between it and four hooked lugs, d d d d, after which the parts are rigidly secured in place by means of the screw e, which bears on the plane-iron, and, by centrally bowing up the joint e’, forces the ends of the chip hard down on the plane-iron, as indicated in Fig. 1.

I am aware that similar devices have heretofore been used, as shown in the patent of Leonard Bailey, dated August 6, 1867, No. 67,398, and therefore I do not make claim to any device therein shown.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The frame D, constructed with a bed-piece, b’, and provided with an adjustable carriage, D, for the plane-iron provided with the rack r, and combined with cogged segment-lever F and adjusting-nut g, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. The jointed chip E, provided with a set-screw, e, combined with the frame-lugs d, and the plane-iron G upon its carriage b, arranged as described.

3. The carriage b, provided with lugs j, combined with al plane-iron having notches i i in the edges to correspond therewith, substantially as in the manner shown and described.

In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

GEO. M. THOMPSON.

Witnesses:
GEORGE E. UPHAM,
FRANK J. MASI.

No. 157,438 – Improvement In Block-Planes (Charles Bridges) (1874)

[paiddownloads id=”235″]157438

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES BRIDGES, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BLOCK-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 157,438, dated December 8, 1874; application filed July 28, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES BRIDGES, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Block-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

My invention relates to a metallic block-plane; and consists, first, in the shape of the handle, and, second, in the means of securing said handle and the plane-iron to the stock, as hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a general section of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a rear view of the same. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the handle, slotted wedge-plate, post, and inclined cap; and Fig. 4 is a view ofthe handle, slightly modied, and another form of wedge-plate.

A is the metallic stock, having the top of its sides parallel with the bottom thereof, and having an upright post, C, cast in one piece with it. Upon the top of said post is cast a cap, E, the under side of which cap inclines toward the throat. The plane-iron herein used is the ordinary slotted plane-iron F. The post C and cap E are passed up through the broad part of the slot in the plane-iron F, and said iron rests upon the beveled side of the throat, and upon a partition, L, which runs across the stock A, in the usual manner, back of said post C.

The plate I is just wide enough to fll the space between the sides of the stock, is nearly twice as long as broad, has straight parallel sides, is straight in front and rounded out behind, and has in the middle a longitudinal slot wide enough at its front end to allow the cap E to pass up through the plate; but the rest of the slot is only wide enough to admit the post C below said cap. On each side of the narrow part of said slot are cast wedges D, which have the thin end in front. Said plate I is turned up about three-eighths of an inch in front, and is secured to the handle B by screws passing through the ends of said plate.

The top of the handle B is curved backward from the front of said wedge-plate I to the back of the same, its greatest elevation being near the back of said handle. The base of said handle is shaped like said wedge-plate, but is wider. The sides of the base of said handle are parallel with, directly over, and nearly touch the top edges of the stock A. The handle above its base is broader than the stock, the sides and top of said handle being convex, so that said sides project beyond the stock. The plate I makes such an angle with the bottom of said handle that, when the handle is in the position described, said plate lies flat on the plane-iron F.

From the above description it will be seen that driving the handle forward crowds the wedges D on the plate I under the cap E, and holds the plane-iron F in place.

The transverse partition J, immediately in front of the throat, is commonly used as a finger-rest; but for this purpose I use the hollow panel G in the space between said partition and the rim at the front end of the stock.

A modification of my invention is shown in Fig. 4, consisting of the handle B’ and wedge-plate I’ cast in one piece, and connected at the sides, and also by the post N’, which stands above the plate, and is divided where it joins said plate on each side of the wedges D’. This plate I’ is like a piece of the plate I shown in Figs. 1 and 3, cut out around the wedges. The handle B’, Fig. 4, is brought down in front, so as to fill the space above the plane-iron, in order to bear upon said iron. In all other respects the handle, plate, and wedges shown in Fig. 4 are like those already described.

The advantages of my invention are, that the handle offers a continuous curved surface to the hand; that its sides, projecting beyond the stock, enable it to be firmly and readily grasped; that, being entirely closed, it does not catch dust and shavings, and that the plane-iron is very easily removed or placed in position.

I claim as my invention —

1. The handle B, as and for the purpose herein shown and described.

2. The combination of the handle B, the wedge-plate I, having the wedges D, the post C, the cap E, the slotted plane-iron F, and the stock A, as and for the purpose herein specified.

CHARLES BRIDGES.

Witnesses:
ALBERT M. MOORE,
IRVING S. PORTER.

No. 138,625 – Improvement In Surfacing-Planes (George E. Franklin) (1873)

[paiddownloads id=”211″]138625

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE E. FRANKLIN, OF NATICK, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN SURFACING-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 138,625, dated May 6, 1873; application filed March 8, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE E. FRANKLIN, of Natick, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Surfacing-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawing which accompanies and forms part of this specification, is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice it.

In using dies for punching or cutting shoe soles and uppers, and other stock, it is customary to use blocks of wood with the end of the grain uppermost, the top surface being faced off for smoothness. As such a block becomes too much worn for practical use, it is cut down with an adz to a plane below the lowest depression worn by the dies, and is then surfaced off with a smoothing-plane. This method of surfacing a block is very slow and laborious, and does not result in procuring a uniform face.

My invention has reference to a method of surfacing such a block by means of a plane alone; and for this purpose I make a plane having a straight bottom face and a straight side face, and projecting through said adjacent faces, and adjacent to the angle of such faces, two cutters or cutting-edges, one edge being and cutting horizontally, and the other being vertical and cutting vertically, the cutting-edges being in the same vertical plane, right-angular to the side face of the tool, this side face having a gage to regulate the depth of cut of both cutters or bits. This plane is used by beginning at one side of the block and setting the gage to the depth to be cut, in order to reach the deepest depressions, and resting the gage upon the top of the block, with the vertical cutter against the side of the block. Then, as the plane is worked, the vertical cutter planes off the block, while the horizontal cutter joints or cuts across the grain, and smooths the top surface of the block, the plane being thus used until the block is planed across its whole face. It is in this construction of the surfacing-plane that my invention primarily consists.

The drawing represents a tool embodying the invention.

Figure 1 is a side view of the plane. Fig. 2 is a top view thereof. Fig. 3 is a bottom view. Fig. 4 is a cross-section on the line x x.

a denotes the bottom plate of the plane; b, an upright, extending from one edge of said plate; c, the throat through which the cutters or plane-bits extend and the chips escape. d e denote the two cutters, set at an angle to both plates a b, and at a right angle to each other, the cutter d resting upon a bed-piece, f, and its cutting-edge extending through the throat c, and so as to be in a horizontal plane just beyond the bottom face of the plate a, and the cutter e sitting edgewise on top of the cutter d, and with its inner face against a bed-piece, g, the cutter e also extending through the throat c, but its cutting-edge being vertical and standing just beyond the outer face of the upright b, the two cutting-edges standing, therefore, at a right angle and being in effect one cutting-edge, bent so as to be one part vertical and one part horizontal. The two cutters are held by an angular clamp, h, which is pressed down against the cutters by a screw, i, passing through a bar, k, and the clamp h has a shoulder, l, extending over the edge of the cutter e, so that not only are the two cutters forced against the bed-faces, but the cutter e is pressed against the cutter d, bringing their cutting-edges together and firmly securing them in position.

On the outer face of the upright b is fastened a gage, m, which, by screws n and slots o is made adjustable, and this gage determines the depth of cut of the two cutters.

As the tool is used, as before described, the edge d cuts across the grain, and the edge e with the grain, and by the action of the two cutters together the work is very rapidly effected, and the block uniformly surfaced or resurfaced.

I claim —

1. The surfacing-plane, formed with two cutters, d and e, having their edges in line and standing one in horizontal and the other in vertical position, combined with the gage m, on the vertical face of the plane, substantially as described.

2. In combination with the two cutters, the clamp h, for holding the cutters, substantially as shown and described.

3. The clamp, formed with the shoulder l, for pressing the cutter e down to the cutter d, substantially as shown and described.

GEO. E. FRANKLIN.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS GOULD,
M. W. FROTHINGHAM.

No. 143,072 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Cyrus H. Hardy) (1873)

[paiddownloads id=”216″]143072

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CYRUS H. HARDY, OF BOSTON, MASS., ASSIGNOR TO JOHN SULLY, TRUSTEE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 143,072, dated September 23, 1873; application filed May 28, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CYRUS H. HARDY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing is a central vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 2 is a top view of the shield, and Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section through a portion of the shield and wedge of my improved plane.

The present invention relates to certain new and useful improvements, applicable, mainly, to metallic bench-planes, and having for their principal objects the providing of a rest and shield for the hand of the operator, to serve as a handle, and to prevent the friction of the hand against the sides or frame of the plane, as well as to allow the blade to be readily inserted in or withdrawn from the plane. My invention consists, mainly, in a plane arranged as will be hereinafter more fully described, with a curved shield or guard formed with forward wedge-like projections, or beveled prongs, inserted between an adjustable wedge or block and the top of the blade, so as to securely hold or be readily withdrawn from the latter and form a protection and rest for the hand.

In the drawings, a represents the bottom of a plane, formed of metal or any other suitable material. Projecting upward on each side of the bottom a are curved sides b, connected near the center at the top by a cross-bar, c. The bottom a is formed with a transverse mouth or slot, d, that receives the front “top-beveled” edge of a blade, e, the bottom of which rests on a transverse vertical standard, f, connecting the sides b, and extending up from the bottom a at a sufficient distance from the rear end of the frame to give a proper angle to the blade e. Extending upward, in front of the mouth d, and across the plane, is a finger-rest, l. Inserted between the cross-bar c and the blade e is a block, g, the forward portion g’ of which is beveled on the top to form a wedge, and whose edges g” are beveled inwardly to receive the forward-projecting beveled ends or prongs Ih’ of a curved shield or guard, h. The projecting ends or prongs h’ are beveled on the inside, and extend forward in a longitudinal tapering shape on the top, with a flat bottom, extending in a semicircular form at the back, where the shield or guard It extends upward, curving horizontally a short distance on the sides, and vertically in a segmental elliptical shape, as shown, or in any other form that may be desired, to form a rest for and a protection to the hand.

The wedge and tapering shape of the prongs h’ allow of their ready insertion between or withdrawal from the wedge-block g and the blade e, so as to securely hold the latter, or to permit of its being easily withdrawn or adjusted to the desired position, the blade e being loosened from its position by striking against a block or lug, m, at the rear of the plane.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a bench-plane, a curved shield or guard, lt, having beveled projections or prongs h’, arranged and operating substantially as specified.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination of a curved shield or guard, h, wedge-block g, and blade e, all arranged and operating substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CYRUS H. HARDY.

Witnesses:
CARROLL D. WRIGHT,
SAML. M. BARTON.

No. 143,101 – Improvement In Rabbet-Planes (Francis Smith) (1873)

[paiddownloads id=”217″]143101

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANCIS SMITH, OF BOSTON, ASSIGNOR TO JOHN SULLY,
TRUSTEE, OF DEDHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN RABBET-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 143,101, dated September 23, 1873; application filed May 28, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS SMITH, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Rabbet-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing is a horizontal section taken in line C D, and showing a top view of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a side view of my improved plane; and Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section taken in line A B, and showing an end view of a portion of the plane.

The present invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in metallic rabbet-planes, and has for its principal objects the production of a durable and economical plane that is easily worked, and true and effective in its operation; that may be used either right or left without varying the blade, as it is necessary to do in wooden rabbet-planes when slightly worn; and in which a blade block or wedge is conveniently and readily adjusted without disturbing the position of the blade. My improvements consist, mainly, in a metallic rabbet-plane arranged, as will be more fully described hereafter, so as to admit of the insertion of a wedge or block and blade in the side of the frame or bar of a plane, and to secure the even, smooth, and close cutting of the rabbet.

In the drawing, a represents a metallic plate forming the bottom of a plane, divided by a transverse mouth, b, into two portions, which are connected by a curved bar or “goose-neck,” c, on the rear portion of which, projecting horizontally from one side, are formed flanges d and e, one above and inclined toward the other at the front, thus leaving a wedge-like space between them, in which is inserted a blade, f, the upper portion of which is narrower than the wide bottom portion f’, being cut away for some distance on one side of the upper part, so as to admit of its side entrance. The blade f is formed with a top or reversed bevel edge, k, and finds a seat on the top of the lower flange e, which is inclined at the proper angle to receive the blade, which is held by a wedge or block, g, that is inserted sidewise between it and the upper flange d. The plane is provided at the rear with a suitable handle, h, connected with its bottom a.

Reference being had to the drawing, it will readily be seen that, by the arrangement above described, the blade f and block g are adjusted between the flanges d e from the side of the plane much more conveniently and readily than when, as usual, they are inserted in the top of the plane and driven down; for in the latter case, after the blade is properly set, it is very often liable to be displaced by the driving in of the wedge, and considerable trouble caused and time wasted in readjusting it.

In wooden rabbet-planes, the bottom edge of the frame running against the angle of the rabbet soon becomes worn and uneven, and prevents the true and smooth cutting of the rabbet; but by my improvement the edge, being of iron or other suitable metal, is not liable to be worn so as to interfere with the effective operation of the plane. Moreover, in a wooden rabbet-plane, a spur is necessarily made on its side, in front of the blade, so as to cut out the corner of the rabbet and clear the way for the passage of the blade, so as to cut a clean shaving; but by the formation of the top or reversed bevel edge k in a rabbet-plane, the side edge of the bevel answers the above purpose equally as well if not better than the spur, the use of which is, by my improvement, therefore obviated.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is —

The combination of the bar or goose-neck c, formed with flanges d e, and block or wedge g, blade f, and plate a, all arranged substantially as herein set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRANCIS SMITH.

Witnesses:
CARROLL D. WRIGHT,
SAML. M. BARTON.

No. 144,381 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (William H. Brown And David F. Williams) (1873)

[paiddownloads id=”219″]144381

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM H. BROWN, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, AND DAVID F.
WILLIAMS, OF WOONSOCKET, ASSIGNORS TO BAILEY TOOL COMPANY, OF WOONSOCKET, RHODE ISLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 144,381, dated November 11, 1873; application filed April 12, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WM. H. BROWN, of Worcester, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, and DAVID F. WILLIAMS, of Woonsocket, in the county of Providence and in the State of Rhode Island, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawings making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 represents our improved bench-plane in perspective, and Fig. 2 a vertical longitudinal section of the same.

Our invention consists in certain hereinafter-described means provided for the purpose of facilitating the adjustment of the cap, and for regulating the pressure upon the cutting-tool.

The general construction of our bench-plane is like that described in Letters Patent No. 105,767, granted Joseph R. Bailey, July 26, 1870, an eccentric or curved bar, A, being used in conjunction with a presser-plate, B, to secure the plane-iron D and intervening cap C in the stock E. The presser-plate in this case is elongated and provided with a head, D, and a set-screw, d, the former of which acts in conjunction with other parts presently to be described, while, by means of the lathe, the pressure of said plate against the cam-rod may be adjusted so as to permit of the use of a thick or thin cap or cutting-iron, as desired. It also has lugs e, which project into grooves f cut in each side of the flanges of the stock, at right angles to the cutting-tool, whereby the slipping or sliding of the plate forward or backward is prevented, while at the same time it is allowed to rise and fall under the action of the set-screw d. The accurate adjustment of the cap with reference to the cutting edge of the chisel and the throat of the stock is obtained by means of a set-screw, F, which is carried in a screw-threaded eye in ear c of the cap, and bears with its point against the head b of the presser-plate. The foot of set-screw F being pointed, as shown, a V-shaped groove is formed in the end of head b, to receive such point, and allow the presser-plate to rise and fall and keep it in its exact position.

In the adjustment of the parts, the cap should be properly arranged by adjusting the set-screw F before the eccentric bar is turned down to force the presser-plate against the cap.

We claim as our invention —

1. In a bench-plane of the character described, an adjusting-screw, F, working in an ear, c, formed on or attached to the cap, combined with the presser-plate B, provided with the grooved head b, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The eccentric A, presser-plate B with lugs e e, grooves f f, and set-screw d, in combination with the cap or plane-iron.

3. The presser-plate B, with lugs e e, in combination with cap C c, set-screw F, and grooves f f substantially as described.

In testimony that we claim the above-described improvement we have hereunto signed our names this 5th day of April, 1873.

WM. H. BROWN.
DAVID F. WILLIAMS.

Witnesses:
F. T. BLACKMER,
W. W. RICE.

No. 144,823 – Improvement In Metallic Planes (Joseph F. Baldwin) (1873)

[paiddownloads id=”220″]144823

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOSEPH F. BALDWIN, OF BOSTON, ASSIGNOR TO JOHN SULLY, TRUSTEE, OF DEDHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN METALLIC PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 144,823, dated November 25, 1873; application filed June 7, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH F. BALDWIN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Metallic Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a central vertical longitudinal section of my improved bench-plane. Fig. 2 is a top view of the plane-wedge.

The present invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in bench-planes, particularly applicable to metallic planes, and having for their principal objects the providing of a simple and convenient means of regulating, so as to vary, the cut of the plan-iron. My improvements consist, mainly, in a metallic or other suitable carriage, arranged and operated, as will be hereinafter more fully described, to travel on an inclined screw-rod, and raise or lower the plane-iron so as to vary its cut, as desired.

In the drawings, a represents the bottom, and b the sides, of the plane. c is the mouth, forward of which is an upright transverse plate or finger -bar, d. The bottom a has formed on, or attached to, the top in the center a boss, e, that tapers upward to receive and hold one end of an inclined rod, s, which extends upward through a transverse vertical plate, f connecting the two sides b at the rear of the center of the plane, and notched on the top at the center to allow of the forward and back inclined travel of a metallic or other suitable carriage, g, formed at the top end with a downward-extending flange, g’, bifurcated at the end to straddle a screw-nut, h, formed with a groove, g”, to receive and hold the flanged end g’, and having female screw-threads that mesh with male screw-threads formed on the upper portion of the inclined rod s, which receives on its smooth or lower portion, so as to allow the travel of a flange, i, that depends from the under side of the lower or forward portion of the carriage, g, which is provided on the top near the lower end with an upward-extending stem, k, that fits into an aperture, l’, formed in the iron, l, which may, if desired, be supplied with one or more supplementary apertures, l”, to allow of the wear of the iron, which may thus be placed either higher or lower on the carriage g. The sides b are formed with, or have attached to them, at a suitable distance above, and at the rear of the mouth, lugs m, between the bottom of which and the top of the iron l is inserted the lower portion of a metallic or other suitable wedge, n, the bottom of which is countersunk, and at the upper portion is made open, as shown in Fig. 2, leaving its sides n” to project rearward and upward to form a curved shield, n’. The top edge of the wedge proper is curved, as shown at o, Fig. 2, and formed in the center with a screw-socket, q, that receives a thumb-screw, p, that is operated against the top of the iron l, so as to raise the upper end of the wedge n, which, acting as a lever, with the lugs m as a fulcrum, causes the bottom of the wedge to bear firmly on the top of the lower end of the iron l, which is thus securely held in position; or, by loosening the screw p the iron l is released, so as to allow of its being raised or lowered to suit the desired cut, or to be withdrawn for sharpening or replacement, &c.

It will readily be seen by the above description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, that the screw-nut h, turning on the screw-end of the rod s, carries the carriage g, connected with the rod s and nut h by the flanges g’ i, up and down, thus raising or lowering, according to the direction in which the nut is turned, the iron l, which is connected by the stem k with the carriage, by whose operation it is thus readily adjusted to the desired cut.

In a large plane the extended sides n” and the shield portion of the wedge are dispensed with, and the curved top portion of the wedge is extended and formed in the shape shown in Fig. 4, with a central screw-socket, q, for the reception of a screw, p.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is —

The carriage g, provided with the flanges g’ i and stem k, in combination with the plane-iron l having orifices l’ l”, the nut h having the groove g”, and the screw-rod s, all arranged and operating substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOSEPH F. BALDWIN.

Witnesses:
SAML. M. BARTON,
CARROLL D. WRIGHT.

No. 129,508 – Improvement In Planes (Levi A. Alexander) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”200″]129508

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEVI A. ALEXANDER, OF PITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 129,508, dated July 16, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEVI A. ALEXANDER, of Pittsfield, in the county of Berkshire and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing.

My invention consists in providing an edging-plane with an adjustable hinged guide by which the plane may be regulated so as to cut or plane the edge of the wood at any desired angle.

Figure 1 is a side view of a plane having my guide applied, and Fig. 2 an end view of the same.

A represents the plane, constructed in the ordinary manner, and B a long bar provided with arms at which are screwed to the side of the plane so as to hold the bar in place along its lower edge. In each end of the bar B there is mounted a transverse slide, C, and a thumb-screw, D, for fastening the same; and to the inner ends of these slides is hinged the guide E, consisting simply of a flat plate or bar. The guide, thus arranged, can be turned so as to present its face at any desired angle to that of the plane; and, to provide for holding it in the required position, it is provided with a curved arm, F, passing through a stud, c, on the bar B, and the stud provided with a thumb-screw, G, which may be set up against the curved arm so as to hold it firmly. To facilitate the adjustment of the guide at any particular angle, the curved arm F is provided with graduations properly numbered, so that it is only necessary to turn the guide until the proper graduation on the arm is brought in line with the stud c, and then to turn up the thumb-screw so as to fasten the arm. The guide may also be adjusted laterally on the face of the plane by loosening and moving the slides C.

In using the plane it is applied so that the face of the guide bears flatly against the side or face of the wood, so as to hold the face of the plane at the desired angle to the edge of the wood, as shown in Fig. 2, so that, upon operating the plane. it cuts the edge of the wood down to the exact bevel or inclination desired. The guide may, of course, be adjusted so as to cause the plane to cut the edge at a right angle to the face, instead of beveling.

By the use of the guide the trouble of constantly testing and fitting the edge by a hand-gauge in the usual manner is avoided and a perfectly true and even edge produced. The guide may be readily applied to any ordinary plane, and can be quickly removed when necessary.

Having described myinvention, what I claim is —

A guide for planes consisting of a plate, E, hinged by adjustable arms C to the bar B, the latter being provided with the arms a, with the graduated quadrant F, and the means for securing the same in place, all constructed and arranged to be applied to a plane, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

LEVI A. ALEXANDER.

Witnesses:
LORENZO H. GAMWELL,
ELISABETH ALEXANDER.

No. 129,695 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Thomas Vaughan) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”201″]129695

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS VAUGHAN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 129,695, dated July 23, 1872.

_________________

Specification describing certain Improvements in Bench-Planes, invented by THOMAS VAUGHAN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts.

My invention relates to a metallic shoe, into which the wooden body of the plane is fitted and secured by means of cement, said shoe being strengthened by ribs before and behind the cutter, and having grooves or flutings cut in various places upon its inner sides to hold the cement.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a plan of the shoe, showing its shape, &c. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same, the shape and position of the plane being shown by dotted lines.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

a is the bottom of the shoe. a’ a’ are the sides and ends. In is the rib in front of the cutter. c is the rib behind the cutter. d is the opening for the cutter. e e e are flutings or grooves in the sides a’ a’.

This shoe is made of malleable cast-iron, and the body of the plane is cut away so as to fit into the shoe. The plane is secured therein by means of prepared cement, the flutings e e being for the purpose of more thoroughly fastening it, the cement filling into them. The ribs b c are intended to strengthen the shoe, and are very important, as it would without them be very liable to break when meeting with a fall from a considerable height. The casting throughout is of uniform thickness, (probably one~eighth of an inch ,) which gives the plane good proportionate weight. In planes made with my shoe I shall construct the cutter of gaged or uniform thickness throughout, so that the opening d shall retain its size and appearance as the cutter wears off. The cutter will also be secured by a wedge in the ordinary way. My plane (having the shoe) will “clean up” the hardest veneer without requiring a scraper, a few rubs with sand-paper being sufficient for any wood requiring the best French polish even.

A plane made as above-described, and having my shoe, costs about one-half as much as planes now in the market and purporting to do similar work. The wear is, of course, unlimited. The general shape of my shoe may be altered, of course, to fit different planes, such as block-planes; but the other features of the invention will be substantially unaltered.

I do not claim as my invention an iron or entirely metallic plane, but my shoe, in which is set a wooden plane, constructed as above described.

Having thus fully described , my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination and arrangement of tl shoe and sides and ends thereof a a’, ribs b c, and flutings e e, substantially as above described, and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

THOMAS VAUGHAN.

Witnesses:
HENRY W. WILLIAMS,
E. H. OBER.

No. 131,959 – Improvement In Match-Planes (Charles E. Marshall) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”203″]131959

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES E. MARSHALL, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN MATCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 131,959, dated October 8, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. MARSHALL, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Match-Planes; and do hereby declare that the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, hereinafter referred to, forms a full and exact specification of the same, wherein I have set forth the nature of my said improvement, by which my invention may be distinguished from others of a similar class, together with such parts as I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent.

My invention relates to that class of wood-working implements made use of for cutting grooves and tongues, commonly known as matching-planes; and the nature thereof consists in certain modifications and improvements in the details of the construction of the same, hereinafter described and shown.

In the accompanying plate of drawing, which illustrates my invention and forms a part of the specification thereof, corresponding parts are illustrated by similar letters.

Figure 1 is a view of the implement in perspective. Fig. 2 illustrates the position of the curvilinear projection or support for the left hand. Fig.3 is a detached view of the clamping apparatus.

The construction and operation of my invention are as follows: In the drawing referred to, letter A designates the tonguing, and B the grooving, edge, either of which may be used at will by merely reversing the direction of the plane — that is to say, when the tonguing-edge is used the right hand is applied to the handle C, and when the grooving-edge is made use of the right hand seizes the handle C’. The curvilinear projection D may be used with equal facility as a rest for the left hand, whichever edge is made use of. The diagonal support F of the blades H and I forms an angle of forty-five degrees with the edges of the plane, and is cast solid therewith. The blades or cutters are held in position by the clamps K K’, which are pivoted to the frame and operated by the thumb-screws L L’, as is clearly shown in Fig. 3.

Having thus described my invention, I will state what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent in the following clause — that is to say, I claim —

1. A reversible plane, provided with handles and a curvilinear rest, as described, so arranged that either edge of the plane may be operated with equal facility.

2. In a reversible plane, the combination of the diagonal rest, the cutters, and the clamps, all operating together, as and for the purposes described.

In witness whereof, I have subscribed my name hereto this 18th day of May, 1872.

CHARLES E. MARSHALL.

Witnesses;
TIMOTHY F. BOWE,
JOHN WATERS.

No. 135,046 – Improvement In Molding-Planes (Alexander S. Robertson) (1873)

[paiddownloads id=”206″]135046

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALEXANDER S. ROBERTSON, OF BOSTON , MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF
ONE-THIRD HIS RIGHT TO JOHN M. BEALS OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN MOLDING-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 135,046, dated January 21, 1873.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER S. ROBERTSON, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Molding-Planes for Carpenters’ and Joiners’ use, of which the following is a specification:

As bead-molding tools are now constructed it is necessary to have a separate tool for every desired size of bead-molding, making it necessary for the workman to have some ten or twelve tools of this kind. These several tools occupy quite a large space in a carpenter’s tool-chest, and add considerably to the cost of his kit.

The object of my invention is the production of a single tool which can accomplish all that the ten or a dozen now in use can do, and also which can be used successfully to stick bead-moldings on a curved surface, and be worked either right or left handed. My invention consists in the use of adjustable cylindrical cutters, or cutters having a rounded under surface, set in the side of a suitable stock in such a manner that the side of the stock shall serve as a gage or guide, one of said cutters being so formed as to out the quirk and one-half the circular surface of the bead, while another cutter cuts the other half of the circular surface of the bead, the first-mentioned cutter being so applied to the stock that it may be adjusted so as to project a greater or a less distance fromthe face or side of the stock. It also consists in providing said stock with two handles facing in opposite directions, and also in providing said stock with a cutter or cutters on either side thereof of different sizes, so that a greater range of work may be accomplished with one instrument, and also so as to accommodate either a right or left handed person.

In the drawing, Figure 1 is an elevation of my improved tool; Fig. 2 is a plan; Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section on line x x on Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section on line y y; and Fig. 5 is a corresponding section on line z z on Figs. 1 and 2.

A is the stock, provided with the handles A’ and A”. B B are plates of sheet metal secured to the sides of the stock to prevent an injurious wear of the stock, and also to serve as an additional support for the cutters. C and C’ are the principal cutters, shaped very much like an ordinary wood-screw, except that the under side of the head is curved to conform to the shape of the bead instead of being conical like the screw, the slot being cut somewhat deeper than the screw-slot and expanded somewhat to give a free delivery to the chips. These cutters may be provided with a screw-thread and be screwed into the stock, as shown in Fig. 3 at C, or they may have smooth shanks and be secured in the stock in any desired position by means of the set-screw a, as seen in Fig. 5 at C’. For ordinary common work the cutters C and C’ are all that would be needed, the outer corner of the board or piece of lumber being rounded of by the use of a common plane, as is the custom when using the ordinary tool; but if a nicer job is desired a second cutter, D, may be used in combination with either ofthe cutters C or C’, the cutter D being so formed and adjusted as to work off and smooth the outer portion of the bead. The cutter D is secured in the stock by means of the set-screw b. The cutter-bar D may be provided with a cutter at either end, the form and size of the two cutters being made to match the respective cutters C and C’. The cutter C is intended to work beads from one-twelfth of an inch to one-fourth of an inch, and the cutter C’ will work from one-fourth of an inch to one-half of an inch; and for larger sizes an extra cutter will be provided, which can readily be inserted in the place of C’. Owing to the cylindrical form of the cutters and the narrow bearing which they have upon the wood, this tool will work as well upon a curved surface as upon a straight surface.

It is evident that a cutter that is semi-cylindrical, or having a curved under surface, may be used instead of the screw-cutter or the complete cylinder; and therefore I do not wish to confine myself to the exact form of cutter shown.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is —

1. The cutters C and C’, constructed, arranged, and operating as herein set forth and described, for the purpose specified.

2. In combination with the cutter C or C’, arranged and operating as set forth, the cutter constructed and arranged substantially shown as described.

Executed at Boston this 27th day of August, 1872.

ALEXANDER SMITH ROBERTSON

Witnesses:
S. A. WOOD,
H. E. LOMBARD.

No. 131,544 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Cyrus H. Hardy) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”202″]131544

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CYRUS H. HARDY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO JOSEPH F.
BALDWIN, MELINA C. PATTON, AND JOHN LULLY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 131,544, dated September 24, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CYRUS H. HARDY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Metallic Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 of the drawing is a central longitudinal vertical section, Fig. 2 is a bottom view, and Fig. 3 is a part in detail, of my improved metallic planes.

The object of my invention is to provide means for the ready adjustment of the blade of a plane; and it consists in so forming an adjustable shield, in connection with a wedge-block and sides of the plane-frame, to allow a blade to be readily adjusted in or withdrawn from the frame.

In the drawing, a represents the bottom of a frame of a metallic plane, the weight of which is diminished by the formation of openings or slots b, which may be of any form or size, arranged as may be desired, and either left open or filled with wood or other light material or substance. The bottom a is provided with a suitable mouth, c, and has extending across, transversely, and upward a suitable distance, a finger-bar or rest, d, of any desired form. Toward the rear end of the frame is a vertical transverse bar or standard, e, extending upward to the height required to give the proper angle to a blade, f, the bottom of which rests upon it, and whose edge is formed by an upward bevel, f’. The rear end of the bottom a, is formed with a striking-block, g. Extending up from the bottom a are curved sides h, sloping upward toward the center of the plane, where each is cut away so as to leave on the top a projection, i, curved on the under side to admit the turning of an upward-curved portion or cam, k, formed by the forward part of projecting ends of the bottom of a shield, m, which is curved at the sides, back, and top, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and has its bottom cut away, as at n, to fit over the top of the blade f and is formed with a bottom frame or plate, o, provided with bearings o’, in which a bolt, p, having a suitable spring, p’, and thumb piece p” , is made to travel back and forth, in and out of a socket, x, formed in the end of a beveled or wedged block, r, formed to it within the curved front of the frame or plate o and the projecting sides l, to the latter of which it is attached by pivots s, or other suitable means, for allowing the shield on to turn over the top of the block r, the bottom of which rests upon the blade f, which is held by the pressure of the wedge-block r and cam k upon it.

Reference being had to Figs. 1-3 of the drawing, it will be seen that, by unlocking the bolt p from the block r, the shield m is, by the action of the cams k and pivot s or its equivalent, allowed to turn over the top of the block r, which is, by the operation, carried up, and lessens its hold on the blade f, which may then be easily withdrawn or adjusted in the desired manner. When the blade f is inserted in the position required the bolt p is unlocked from the wedge-block r, the shield m is turned by the action of the cam k onto the blade f which is securely held by the wedge-block r and cam k, and forms a guard that serves as a support to the hand, the fingers of which find a hold on the forward rest or bar d. The principal function of the spring-bolt p is to prevent the liability of the tipping of the cam is or the forward projections l of the shield m when power is applied to the upper part of the back of the shield. Instead of the bolt p and spring p’, &c., a spring-clutch, or any other suitable device for holding and relieving the wedge-block r, may be used.

It will readily be seen that by my improvements the blade f is inserted at a low angle, which admits of its being readily withdrawn or adjusted, and permits the shield m, which serves as the handle, to be placed near the mouth and center of the plane, and thus prevents the rising of the forward part of the plane, which is often liable to occur when the handle is formed near the rear end of the plane.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to have secured to me by Letters Patent, is —

1. A metallic plane, having a bottom, a, formed with openings or slots b, finger-bar or rest d, curved sides h, arranged with projections i, and cut away so as to receive and admit the turning of cams k, formed by the projecting ends l of the bottom of a curved shield, m, provided with a bolt, p, and spring p’, or their equivalents, and connected with and operating a wedge-block, r, bearing on a blade, f supported by a standard, e, substantially as specified.

2. The shield m, having the recess n, and provided with the frame o, bearings o’, and cam k, and combined with the bolt and spring p p’, block r, frame a e h, and blade f all arranged and operating as described.

3. The wedge-block r, in combination with the shield m, bolt p, and spring p’, or their equivalents, blade f and sides in of a metallic plane, arranged and operated substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CYRUS H. HARDY.

Witnesses :
SAML. M. BARTON,
CARROLL D. WRIGHT.

No. 127,541 – Improvement In Plane-Stocks (Samuel M. Adams) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”196″]127541

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL M. ADAMS, OF FITCHBURG, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-STOCKS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 127,541, dated June 4, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL M. ADAMS, of Fitchburg, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Plane-Stock; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawing which accompanies and forms part of this specification, is a description of my invention sufdcient to enable those skilled in the art to practice it.

In making patterns for castings it is often necessary to plane long straight faces, which are curved in cross-section, and as such faces differ so that in different patterns there are hardly two faces alike — for which reason there has to be, in every complete set of pattern-maker’s tools, a great variety of planes with curved-faced stocks and curved-edged bits.

My object has been to produce a plane in which the face of the stock could be adjustably curved, so that, with the same or with different bits, and with the same stock, faces to be planed may be brought to various curves, as desired, by fitting the plane thereto.

My invention consists in a plane-stock formed of sections, each of which has a plain straight face in the direction of the length of the plane, said sections being so connected that they may be relatively adjusted so as to present faces more or less curved in cross-section, the faces of the stock being brought to the form desired preferably by means of a pattern or gauge, and being then fastened; while for a bit or cutting-iron there may be selected a bit with a proper-shaped edge; or for slight medications one bit can be used. My invention consists in a plane or plane-stock the face of which is made up of plates or sections hinged together, and made relatively and independently adjustable, and having provision for fastening them in any position to which they may be brought by adjustment.

The drawing represents a plane-stock embodying my invention.

A shows a plan of it; B, a reverse plan or bottom view. C is a cross-section on the line x x D is a cross-section on the line y y.

a denotes the frame of the stock; b, the handle; c, the bit or iron; all made in the usual manner. To the frame as is fixed a center permanent or relatively immovable rib, d, having a face, e, and to the opposite sides of said rib d are jointed two other ribs, f having cutting-faces g, and to the ribs f two ribs, h, with cutting-faces i, and to the ribs h ribs k with cutting-faces l, there being as many of these ribs and faces as may be desirable.

When the faces are in line they constitute the flat face of an ordinary plane, and from this line or plane they are moved, as occasion may require a curved face to be planed. For this purpose the plates are jointed together by suitable ears and pins, as seen at m, and from each a jointed arm, n, extends, the several arms at either end of the plane passing through a sleeve or opening, in which, by means of a cam-lever, o, or an eccentric, p, they may be clamped together.

By means of a plane thus made a great variety of straight work curved in section may be planed with one tool, which work, without such a tool, would require as many planes as there were variations in surfaces to be planed.

The specific construction shown may, of course, be varied, both as relates to the connection of the sections and as to the means for clamping them in position.

I claim —

A plane-stock made up of sections connected together, substantially as shown and described.

SAMUEL M. ADAMS.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS GOULD,
M. W. FROTHINGHAM.

No. 127,842 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (John Brooks) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”197″]127842

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN BROOKS, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 127,842, dated May 28, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN BROOKS, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Bench-Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawing which accompanies and forms part of this Specification, is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice it.

My invention relates to the construction of common bench-planes for cabinet and joiners’ work; and the object of the invention is to enable a workman to plane up into angles made by tenons, shoulders, and other projections in wood-work, into which angles the bits or irons of common planes cannot reach, being kept therefrom by the stock in which the plane-bit is held. In my invention I make a suitable plane-stock, with an upright or wall upon one side, (against which upright or wall the bit may be held,) but with no bit-inclosing flange, upright, or wall upon the opposite side to support the bit, the stock or plate being slotted to form the throat for the edge of the bit, and the slot extending out through the plate at one end, the bit being set so that its side edge (on one side) is in the plane of the side or edge of the plane-stock, the corner of the cutting-edge being at the end ofthe open throat or mouth. The plane bit or iron being clamped in position, it will be obvious that its edge will reach into any angle formed by a projection standing at a right angle to the general surface upon which the plane acts. It is in this construction that the invention consists.

The drawing represents a plane embodying the invention.

A shows the side elevation of the plane; B, a perspective view of it; C, a bottom view of it.

a denotes a plate for supporting the bit b, this plate having a vertical flange, c, at its front end for imparting rigidity to the adjacent portion of the plate, an upright or wall, d, at one side, and a vertical flange, e, at its rear end, this latter supporting the rear part of the bit in proper inclined position. The bit is held down by a screw, f, which works in a nut-thread in the end of an arm, g, extending from the upright d. The front end of the bit is supported upon a bed or incline, h, and its cutting-edge extends down through and is adjusted with respect to the throat i. This throat is a slot cut through from one side, or opening out to the side, as seen in the drawing. The mouth or open end It of the slot is in a plane with the plain side or edge of the stock, and the edge of the bit is brought out to this edge and mouth.

It will be obvious that this construction enables the plane to cut to the extreme edge of the bit, or up to any angle made by a piece standing right angular to the general surface upon which the plane is at work.

In small work necessity for the use of such a tool constantly occurs, and this plane effects great saving in time and enables better work to be done than can be edected with the common plane.

I claim —

A bench-plane constructed substantially as shown and described.

Executed this 19th day of October, A. D. 1871.

JOHN BROOKS.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS GOULD,
M. W. FROTHINGHAM.

No. 64,477 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Benjamin A. Blandin) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”125″]64477

United States Patent Office.

BENJAMIN A. BLANDIN, OF CHARLESTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 64,477, dated May 7, 1867

_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that l, BENJAMIN A. BLANDIN, of Charlestown, in the county of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawings which accompany and form part of this specification, is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practise it.

The invention relates to the manner of securing and supporting a plane-iron in position, with reference to provision for adjusting the angle of the bit or cutter-iron or its extent of cutting action. ln certain bench-planes new in the market, having provision for clamping the iron in the stock by means of a clamp-lever, (as is shown, for instance, in United States Patents Nos. 20,615 and 21,311,) the iron is supported on a movable or rocking bed-piece pivoted to the stock at some distance above the mouth of the cutter, said bed-piece having a horizontal arm extending rearwards from it, through which arm a stationary vertical screw passes, upon which a nut works, so that when the cutter is clamped in position by the clamp-lever, the position or angle of the cutting edge of the bit may be adjusted to regulate the cut of the bit or the protrusion of the cutting edge from the face of the plane. The construction embraced in such tipping-bed, and in its connection with the plane-stock, is expensive, and the bed itself, not being supported below the pivots, trembles, and causes the cutting edge to chatter when the plane is being used. To cheapen the construction, and to so apply the bed that it is at all times supported directly above or adjacent to the mouth, are the objects of my invention, which invention consists in applying, in combination with the device by which the iron is clamped in the stock, a tipping or rocking bed-piece, the lower end of which is made convex on its under surface, such convexity resting in a cylindrical or concave depression or socket-seat in the stock, and the upper surface (at such lower end) having a plane face upon which the iron or cutter is supported, the rear end of the cutter straddling a screw, upon which the adjusting nut works, so that by screwing down said nut such rear end is depressed, tipping the lower end in its seat or socket, so as to diminish and regulate the angle and bite of the cutting edge of the iron.

The drawing represents a central section of a benclnplane embodying the invention.

a denotes the stock; b, the plane-iron or cutter; c, the cap; d, the clamp-lever. The cutter at the mouth e, and when introduced into the stock, rests on the incline f, and at the upper side of the throat of the stock on stops or ways g, (one on each side.) The clamp-lever slides under fulcrum-stops h, (one on each side,) its lower end bearing upon the cap, and so that by the action of a screw, i, or other suitable device, the cutter is clamped in the stock, as will be readily understood. Just in rear of the mouth e, a convex socket or depression, k, is formed in the stock, this socket serving as a seat for a rocking bed-piece, l, the front face an of which, when the cutter is introduced, is in the plane of the face f, against which the lower end of the cutter rests. The bed l has an arm, n, extending back from it, through a bifurcation, o, of which a stationary screw, p, extends, as seen in the drawings. A nut, q, works on this screw and against the arm n. When the cutter is introduced into the stock, this nut is turned back, so that the bed may be tipped in its socket to bring its face and the facefinto line, in which condition the cutting edge is protruded from the plane face for the maximum of cut desirable, and in this position the cutter is securely clamped. If now the nut q be turned down on its screw, it will bear upon the arm n, tipping or rolling the bed in its socket, and forcing the lower edge of the face in forwards, pressing up the cutting edge of the bit and lessening the cut, through all of which movement to the forcing of said edge in beyond the face of the plane, the part of the bed opposite to the bearing surface of the cutter thereupon is directly supported by the seat or socket k, such firm support being incapable of vibratory movement in itself, and preventing any vibrating or chattering movement in the cutter. The piece l is a simple casting, dropped into position when the cutter is to be introduced, requiring no fitting, and being very inexpensive, thereby rendering the construction embodying such means of adjustment very cheap, as well as very efficient and reliable.

I claim combining, with a mechanism for clamping a plane-iron in position, the rocking bed-piece l, supported and rolling in a concave seat, k, and serving to support and adjust the cutting edge of the plane-iron, substantially as set forth.

BENJN. A. BLANDIN.

Witnesses:
J. B. CROSBY,
F. GOULD.

No. 126,707 – Improvement In Planes (Conrad Jensen) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”194″]126707

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CONRAD JENSEN, OF BOSTON, MASSAOHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 126,707, dated May 14, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CONRAD JENSEN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a plan of the under side of the same. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the side of the plane opposite to that shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical section on the line z z of Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of one portion of the plane detached and inverted. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the other portion inverted. Fig. 9 is a plan of the under side of the portion of the plane shown in Fig. 8, with the gauge removed.

In “matching” boards of varying thicknesses it is customary to employ a “plow” plane for cutting the grooves, the plane being made adjustable, so as to insure the groove being in the required position, different irons being used for grooves of different widths. To cut tenons corresponding thereto has, however, heretofore necessitated the employment of a number of separate tools (one for each size of tenon) which were expensive, and required much time and care to keep in order. My invention has for its object to overcome these objections; and consists in a combination plane formed of two portions, each provided with an iron, and made adjustable to and from the other, by which construction tenons of various widths and depths may be cut in any desired position with one and the same tool, which can also be used as a “dado” plane; the two portions, (which are provided with suitable gauges and cutters,) when separated furnishing a “dado” plane, two “rabbet” planes, and a “lillister” plane.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand and use my invention I will proceed to describe the manner in which I have carried it out.

In the said drawing, A B represent the two portions of my improved plane, connected together by screws C provided with nuts. Each of the portions A B is provided with an iron, a, set at an angle, a vertical cutter, b, in front thereof, and a sliding gauge, c, on one side, operated by a thumb-screw, d. D is a longitudinal gauge, provided with slots e, and secured by screws f to the under side of the portion A. The screws C are each provided with two nuts, g g, one on each side ofthe plane, and also with two nuts, h h, between the two portions A B, and ntting into recesses i i, formed therein, in order that the two portions may be brought nearly together; and it is by means of these nuts and screws that the portions A B are held firmly in position at any required distance from each other. The portion A is provided with a handle, K, by which the plane is operated. When it is desired to cut a tenon at a given distance from the edge of a board, the gauge D is set at a corresponding distance from the inner edge l of the portion A. The distance apart of the portions A and B is now made to correspond to the required width of the tenon by operating the nuts g h, and the gauges c are then adjusted to make the distance from their under side to the bottom of the portions A B equal to the required height of the tenon. It will thus be seen that I am enabled by a single plane to make a tenon of any required width and depth on a board or plank of any thickness, and situated at any required distance from its edge; whereas, it has heretofore required a diiferent tool for every different size of tenon, which was necessarily in the center of the thickness of the board.

My improved plane may also be used as a “dado” plane, to cut a groove at any required distance, within the limits of the length of the screws C, from the edge of a board, by entirely covering the iron a of the portion A with the gauge D, and adjusting the portion B at the required distance from the portion A, when the plane may be operated, as seen in Fig. 6, the gauge D resting against the edge of the board, and serving as a guide, and also preventing the iron a of the portion A from cutting. The depth of the groove thus cut by the iron a of the portion B is regulated by its gauge c, and its double cutter b acts in advance of the iron a in the usual manner.

When a groove is to be cut beyond the limits of the screws C the portion B is separated from the portion A and used alone, in which case it becomes an ordinary “dado” plane, and requires to be moved against a guide-strip, temporarily secured to the board, to give the required direction to the groove.

By removing the double cutter b and gauge c from the portion B, when detached, it becomes an ordinary narrow “rabbet” plane, which is a great advantage, as it has heretofore been impossible to convert a “dado” plane into a “rabbet” plane, on account of the shoulder on its under side.

When the portion B is detached, the portion A with its gauge D becomes a “fillister” plane, and by removing the gauges C D from the portion A it becomes a broad “rabbet” plane, a change which it has heretofore been impossible to make, for the reason that the iron in an ordinary “Fillister” plane extends only part way across its under surface, which prevents it from being used as a “rabbet” plane.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I combine in a single tool a tenon-cutter for cutting tenons of all sizes in every desired position, a “dado” plane, a “fillister” plane, and two “rabbet” planes, of different widths, while but two irons are used, which do not require to be changed in performing the various operations above referred to, and I am thus enabled to effect a great saving in tools and in the space required for the same, as well as in the labor of grinding, and care required to keep them in order.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

I claim the tool as described, as a new article of manufacture.

Witness my hand this 5th day of March, A.D. 1872.

CONRAD JENSEN.

In presence of —
P. E. TESCHHMACHER,
W. J. CAMBRIDGE.

No. 122,339 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Charles E. Torrance) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”190″]122339

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES E. TORRANCE, OF HOLYOKE, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 122,339, dated January 2, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

I, CHARLES E. TORRANCE, of Holyoke, Hampden county, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Nature and Objects of the Invention.

My invention relates to the combination, with the bed piece and cutters of a metal plane, of two spurs or projections proceeding from the inner sides of the bed piece in front of the cap piece of the plane-iron, for the purpose of acting as a fulcrum; of a surface inclining from the rear side of the plane-iron within the bed piece tor the purpose of acting as a bearing for a wedge; and of a wedge extending across the plane-iron, also within the bed piece, and for the purpose of being inserted between the inclined surface behind the plane-iron and the plane-iron itself, to enable the size ofthe shaving to be regulated by the adjustment of the plane and cap-irons within the mouth of the plane; the object of my invention being to enable the construction of metal planes to be so simplified that when the bed piece is cast the addition of a wooden wedge is all that is needed to enable the cutters, when inserted, to be quickly and firmly adjusted to any bite.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a side sectional view; Fig. II, a vertical cross-section on the line x y; and Fig. III, a view of the wedge.

General Description.

D is the bed piece, cast in one piece with the projections A A opposite each other at points upon the inner sides of the bed piece, so that the cap-iron J bears against them near the upper end of its curve, and when the pressure needed for the most advantageous working of the plane-iron H can be obtained by the insertion or withdrawal of the wedge B. Cast also upon the bed piece are the surfaces C C, raised from the inner sides, as shown in Fig. I, and extending sufficiently far to enable the wedge to be accessible for adjustment. The sides of these upon which the wedge B slides are deflected from the inner side of the plane-iron to assist the action of the wedge. The stock in the base of the bed piece is made thicker on the inner face of the mouth to form the bearing b, which rises in contact with the inner surface of the plane-iron to hold the same when the cap-iron is compressed by the insertion of the wedge, and the point of contact between the bearing b and plane-iron H being below the projections A A the insertion of the wedge acts to compress the toes of the two irons H and J, and vary their points of contact, while both are securely braced against all possibility of buckling or rising from their bed. The wedge B, which I prefer to make of wood, as being lighter than metal and less apt to slip or slide upon a metal surface, is formed as shown in Fig. III, so as to, for convenience, constitute two wedges connected by a handle easily grasped.

There is nothing new in my plane in either the cutters, handle, or the knob; but by my improvements the cost of manufacture is reduced more than one-half, and a simple and effective tool is made that cannot get out of order, and having for its only detachable parts the wedge and the irons.

New having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

Claim.

In combination with the irons J and H, and cast-iron bed-plate D with its bearing surfaces c c and b, the projections A A cast upon the bed-plate and wedge B, the parts being constructed and arranged as shown and described.

CHARLES E. TORRANCE.

Witnesses:
R. F. HYDE,
E. N. SMITH.

No. 126,519 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Orril R. Chaplin) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”193″]126519

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ORRIL R. CHAPLIN, OF BOSTON, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND CHARLES H.
BALLARD, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 126,519, dated May 7, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

I, ORRIL R. CHAPLIN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Joiners’ and Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, is a specification:

Nature anal Objects of the Invention.

My invention relates, in the first place, to the means employed to secure the cutter to the stock and to adjust the same when so secured, and is more particularly applicable to planes the stocks of which are made wholly or in part of metal; and it consists in the employment of a saddle or rest-plate which forms the bearing for the upper portion of the cutter, and to which it is secured by the clamping device, said saddle being secured to the plane-stock by a single screw passing through a slot in the saddle and so adjusted that the saddle may be moved endwise to adjust the “tooth” of the cutter, as will be described. It also consists in the use of a screw cam-lever, the thread of which works in a half-nut formed upon or secured to the under side of the saddle or cutter for the purpose of adjusting the cutter to give the desired “tooth” to the same. It also consists in the use of a clamping-plate provided with a lug on either side thereof projecting downward, each terminating with a hook at its lower end, which engages with the under side of the saddle and acts as a fulcrum for the clamping-plate when the screw in its upper end is operated to bind the cutter, saddle, and clamping-plate together.

My invention relates, in the second place, to the construction of the cutter and cap; and it consists in the use, as a substitute tor the ordinary cap now in general use on all plane-irons or cutters for dressing hard wood or cross-grained stock, of a short plate of metal secured loosely by its middle to the lower end of the clamping-plate by two or more rivets, said plate being so formed that it can only bear upon the cutter at its upper and lower edges, and the clamping-plate being so formed that it can bear upon said plate at or near its middle only in a line across its width, said plate being so secured to the clamp that it is susceptible of a slight rocking motion, so that it may accommodate itself to the surface of the cutter. By the use of this combined clamp-plate and cap, the lower edge of which is of the proper form and adjusted to the proper point to serve all the purposes of the common cap of a double plane-iron or cutter, I am enabled to use a plain cutter-iron without slots or holes of any kind, thus reducing the cost of the cutter, and also the weight of the plane.

My invention relates, in the third place, to the means employed to reduce the adhesion of the plane-stock to the material being dressed; and it consists in perforating the race of the plane-stock with a series of holes, thereby reducing the area of the stock exposed to atmospheric pressure.

Description of the Drawing.

Figure 1 is a plan of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a side elevation; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section on line x x on Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a section on line z z on Fig. 2, looking toward the throat otf the plane. Figs. 5 and 6 are details of the saddle, and Fig. 7 is a plan of the cutter.

General Description

A is the plane-stock made of metal; B, the handle; and C, a knob on the forward end upon which to rest the left hand while operating it. The handle B and knob C are secured to the metallic stock by means of the screw-bolts a and b, respectively. Upon the upper side of the stock, just in the rear of the throat c, is cast a boss, D, sloping backward toward the handle at about the same angle that it is desirable to give to the cutter, to the upper side of which is secured the saddle E by the screw d passing through the slot e without bringing the head to bear upon the saddle so as to bind it to the stock. The saddle E is provided with a shoulder, e’, on either side, against which the lugs on the clamp, to be described, strike to determine the position of the clamp in an obvious manner. F is the cutter made of the form shown in Fig. 7, the upper or rear portion being made narrower than the cutting end to facilitate the application and removal of the clamp, and also to allow play for adjusting the cutting-edge square with the face of the stock at the throat if the cutter should not be ground perfectly square. G is the clamp, provided at about the middle of its length with two lugs, f f, (one on either side,) projecting downward and terminating in hooks f’ f” upon their inner faces, as shown in Fig. 4. The clamp G is also provided at its upper-end with a thumb-screw, H, by which it is secured in place, as will be presently explained. To the under side of the lower end of the clamp is riveted loosely the plate g, the lower end of the clamp being so formed as to rest upon the plate near its middle without touching at any other point, and the plate g being so fitted that it is susceptible of a slight rocking motion. This plate serves the purpose of the ordinary cap upon a double plane-iron or cutter, the clamp and this plate combined serving the double purpose of clamp and cap with less cost to manufacture, less trouble to adjust and less weight to handle than by the use of the old style double-iron. To the upper or rear end of the boss D is pivoted the lever I by means of the pin h. The hub of the lever I is partially surrounded by the segments of screw-threads s s, which work in the half-nut i upon the under side of the saddle E, and by a movement of the lever I to the right the cutter is forced outward, and if the lever be moved to the left the cutter will be drawn in in an obvious manner. The face of the plane-stock is perforated with a series of holes, as seen at n n n in Fig. 3, for the purpose of reducing the area exposed to the pressure of the atmosphere.

It has been a serious objection to metallic plane-stocks as heretofore constructed that, owing to the more nearly perfect surfaces of their faces, the pressure of the atmosphere upon their upper surfaces, when working upon stock planed to nearly the same level surface, causes an adhesion of the plane to the wood, which materially increases the labor of operating it, especially when using a jointer or large plane. This difliculty is not so serious with wooden plane-stocks, for the simple reason that they are seldom so true but that more or less air is between the plane-stock and the material being worked. By perforating the face of the plane the pressure is reduced just in proportion to the area removed by the perforations without injuring the face of the plane for any practical purpose.

The operation of my improvement is as follows: The saddle E is secured to the stock, as shown, by means of the screw d, the under side of the head being at such a point that when the saddle is brought to bear against it the top of the saddle shall be slightly below the inclined surface in the stock of the plane just in the rear of the throat, so as to insure a good bearing of the cutter at its extreme lower end to prevent. it from chattering. The lever I is then moved to the left, the cutter placed in position on the saddle, and the combined clamp and cap is slipped down over the cutter and saddle till the lugs f f come in contact with the shoulders e’ e’ upon the saddle. The plane is then taken in the left hand, with the thumb pressing upon the clamp to hold it in position, and the edge of the cutter is adjusted to the cap, when the thumb-screw H is operated, which forces the cutter down upon the upper end of the saddle, and, forcing the half-nut upon its under side down upon the screw-cam on the hub of the lever I and acting upon that as a fulcrum, lifts the lower end of the saddle hard against the head of the screw d, thus holding the saddle rigidly in its place, and as the lower end of the saddle is still slightly below the incline upon which the lower end of the cutter rests, the clamp, acting upon the hooks f’ f’ as a fulcrum, forces the lower end of the cutter firmly onto its seat.

To adjust the “tooth” of the cutter to take a thick chip, move the lever I to the right hand, and to take a thin chip move it to the left hand.

Having thus described my invention, I do not claim anything contained in the patent No. 64,790, granted to Nelson Palmer, May 14, 1867, for “Bench-Plane;” but

What I claim as new, and desire to secure hy Letters Patent of the United States, is as follows:

1. In combination with the saddle E, provided with the slot e and the half-nut i, and secured to the plane-stock by the screw d, I claim the cam-lever I, constructed and operating substantially as described.

2. The clamp G, provided with the lugs f fand hooks f’ f’, in combination with the saddle E, having the shoulders e’ e’ thereon, for determining the position of the clamp, substantially as described.

3. I do not claim broadly a cap-plate attached to the clamp instead of the bit or cutter, for I am aware that that has been done before; but I claim the cap-plate g, made of the form shown and secured by its middle to the clamp G, by being loosely riveted thereto in such a manner that it may be free to accommodate itself to the surface of the cutter upon which it bears at its upper and lower edges, substantially as described.

4. The combination and arrangement of the screw cam-lever I, the saddle E, the cutter F, the clamp G, and the cap-plate g, all constructed, applied, and operated substantially as herein described.

Executed at Boston this 14th day of February, 1871.

ORRIL R. CHAPLIN.

Witnesses:
CHARLES H. BALLARD,
N. C. LOMBARD.

No. 120,212 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Russell Phillips) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”188″]120212

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

RUSSELL PHILLIPS, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 120,212, dated October 24, 1871.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUSSELL PHILLIPS, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have made an invention of certain Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes; and do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, due reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a plan; Fig. 2, a front elevation; Figs. 3 and 4, opposite side views; and Figs. 5 and 6, vertical sections of a combination plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 7 is a transverse section of the adjustable scoring-spurs, to be hereinafter explained; and Fig. 8, a vertical section of the key of the outermost plow-plane and the device for adjusting the same; Fig. 9, a longitudinal section of the device tor clamping the cutter of the rabbeting-plane, which will be duly explained in the context.

This invention may be considered an improvement upon that for which Letters Patent of the United States have already been issued to me. I have in this instance, as in the former, called the instrument a combination plane, since it embodies three planes of different natures, either of which may be used alone to perform its ordinary functions, if desired, while in the general combination provision is made whereby the three or two of the three planes maybe adapted to execute work unattainable by one, while still further either plane may be removed from connection with its neighbor and used as an independent tool to perform its own individual duty.

The primary elements of this combination consist, first, of a central cross-grooving and plow-plane, such central portion carrying the handle of the combination implement and supporting upon either side, in an adjustable manner, the two other primary elements of the combination, which are a rabbeting-plane and a second cross-grooving and plow-plane, the implement as a whole being susceptible of cutting the tongue and groove in matching stuff, of cutting narrow or extremely wide cross-channels or longitudinal grooves, of performing all the functions of a rabbeting-plane, and finally, of reducing wood to a certain form. in executing moldings by hand, by which much of the labor of roughing out the molding is avoided.

In the drawing accompanying and illustrating this description of my invention, A denotes a metallic rabbeting-plane, substantially of ordinary production with the exception of the absence of a handle and the employinent of a. thumb-guard or hand-rest, B, erected upon its side, the said rabbeting-plane being further distinguished from others of its class by the addition to its under side of an adjustable gauge, D, which converts it into a style of plane known as a “filister”-plane, or those in which the width of the rabbet cut by the tool is governed at pleasure, this gauge being pendent from and controlled by a horizontal arm, a, extending laterally below the plane-bed or plate, which arm in turn is mounted and slides freely upon a rod or bar, b, affixed to and departing laterally from the outer edge of the said plane-bed, and is provided with a set-screw, whereby the two may be clamped together when the desired position of the gauge is insured. Each end ofthe gauge D overlaps the upper edge of that of the plane-bed in order to insure a steady position and relieve the arm a and rod b of the thrusts and strain to which they would be otherwise subjected. A movement of the gauge D to and fro of the plane A with respect to the inner side or the latter determines the width of the cut effected by the iron E of such plane. The plane A is suspended at its outer forward part from a furcated or slotted hanger, F, which is mounted upon and depends from two horizontal parallel rods, G G’, the hanger sliding freely upon such rods, and a set-screw being combined both with the hanger and rods and the plane A, by which both the height and lateral position of such plane with respect to the central plow-plane are varied and determined. This last-named plow-plane, shown at L in the drawing, is the central member of the combination, and bears at rear end the handle H of the combination instrument, such plow-plane being virtually of ordinary construction and composed of an upright blade or sword, c, and a narrow shelf, d, at top, the iron or cutter of this plane being shown at e, while the two horizontal rods or supports G G’ before named depart laterally from this shelf at or near the forward end of the plane, as represented. The second and outermost cross-grooving plane is shown at I in the drawing as simply an upright thin blade or fence, J, carrying in the ordinary manner a cutter, K, this plane I being mounted upon and sliding to and fro of two horizontal lateral guides or rods, f f which extend from the outer side of the central plane I, the said plane being provided with a set-screw, whereby its position upon its guide-bar and its relation to the central plane L are determined. The said plane I serves as a valuable adjunct to the central plane L, inasmuch as the two together are susceptible of cutting a very wide cross-groove, while also, and detached from the other, such plane I is an entirety in itself and is an ordinary cross-groove plane. The scoring-spurs of the central plane L are shown at g g, as disposed at the forward end of such plane and affixed each to a vertical flat plate, h, the two plates overlapping each other and being situated within an orifice, i, created in the sword c and below the shelf d and at right angles to the longest plane of such sword, and remaining upon opposite sides of said sword, and consequently of the cutting-iron carried by it. Each plate h is prolonged into a vertical post, j, while disposed between these posts, and screwing through each, is a right-and-left-threaded screw, by turning which in one or the other direction the spurs are caused to approach to or recede from one another, and thus adapt them to a cutter of any width. In order to adapt the two spurs bodily together to the position of the cutter — that is, to bring the whole into alignment with the general plane of the sword c –I employ a set-screw, l, which enters the orifice i before named and serves to clamp the two spurs firmly into place together at any desired point transversely of the sword and with respect to the cutting-iron e. The cutter-iron E of the rabbeting-plane A is clamped in position upon its bed in by a cap-plate, M, to the under side of which one end of a lever, n, is pivoted, the fulcrum of this lever being a short post, o, erected upon the base of the plane and immediately in rear of the iron E, while screwing downward through the outer and longer arm p of this lever, and abutting again st the said base, is a screw, q, as shown in the drawing. Turning the screw in one direction elevates the longer arm p of the lever and forces the cap-plate M upon the plane-iron E with a powerful pressure, and confines the latter securely in place upon its bed. Reversing the motion of the screw relaxes the pressure upon the parts and permits the adjustment or removal of the cutter. The key of the central plow-plane, which confines its cutter in place, is shown at c in the drawing as a tapering or wedge-shaped block disposed between the cutter and the abutment S, making part of the shelf d hereinbefore mentioned, and the vertical movements of this key in tightening or loosening the cutter are effected by a right-and-left screw, t, which screws at one end into the abutment s and at the other through an arm, u, which constitutes the upper termination of the said key. A turn of the screw in one direction elevates and in the opposite direction lowers the key r, and the action of such key upon the cutter will be at once understood. The depth-gauge of the central plane L is shown at u as a flat horizontal plate, v, :making part of an upright bar, w, which in turn is suspended in an adjustable manner irom a carriage, x, this carriage being supported and sliding within horizontal ways or guides y y formed in the upper forward part of the sword of the plane or the shelf d, making part thereof. The carriage x and the bar u’ of the depth-gauge have each an outstanding lateral shelf, z or z’, the two being disposed opposite each other, while passing through these two shelves is a right-and-left-threaded screw, a’, by means of which the depth of the gauge with respect to the sword and cutter of the plane may be adjusted. It will be observed that the depth-gauge u may be, if desired, fixed immovably to either side thereof.

In the above combination of parts, by lowering the rabbeting-plane A it may be made to serve as a guide or stop to the central or outer plow-planes, or both combined, when used in matching stuff or other purposes, while, as before observed, such plane disposed below the base of the central plane and operating with its adjustable gauge D enables two rabbets to be cut at one and the same time, which will be found of great service in cutting uncommon or irregular moldings by hand, and in exceptional cases in tonguing and grooving. The simple and efficient mode of applying the gauge D to the rabbeting-plane enables its adjustment to be effected instantly, and secures it very firmly to the base of the plane, while it may be made to perform the office of a gauge or guide to either the rabbeting-plane carrying it or to the central plow-plane. The adjustable method of combining the rabbeting-plane and the outer prong-plane with the central plow-plane, as herein shown, enables the combination implement to be set immediately to the proper gauge for cutting the tongue and groove in matching stuff.

I claim —

1. The combination, with the central plane L, of the rabbeting-plane A attached to said central plane in the manner and by means herein shown and described, in order to adjust it both vertically and horizontally in relation thereto.

2. The combination of the three planes A, I, and L in the manner shown and described, so that either or both of the latter two planes may be removed from the former for the purposes stated.

3. The combination, with the plane A, of the adjustable gauge D and the rod or support b under the arrangement shown and set forth.

4. The combination, with the plane L, of the spurs applied thereto in the manner shown and described, to allow them to be adjusted separately or jointly with respect to the cutter of the plane.

5. The combination, with the plane A and its cutter-iron, of the lever n, pivoted to the cap-plate m, inlcrumed to the post o, and provided with the elevating device q, substantially as herein shown and set forth.

6. The combination, with the clamping-key, of the plow-plane I and its abutment of the right-and-left-threaded screw t, in the manner and for the purposes shown and set forth.

RUSSELL PHILLIPS.

Witnesses:
FREDERICK CURTIS,
WILLIAM KEEFE.