Tag: Massachusetts

No. 20,855 – Spoke Shave (Leonard Bailey) (1858)

[paiddownloads id=”77″]20855

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

L. BAILEY, OF WINCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPOKE-SHAVE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 20,855, dated july 13, 1858.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Winchester, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Spoke-Shave; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, is a top view. Fig. 2, a bottom or underside view, and Fig. 3, a vertical central and transverse section of it. Fig. 4, is a. longitudinal section taken through the retracting spring and its protecting cavity or chamber. Fig. 5, is a top view of the stock without its appliances. Fig. 6, is an end view of the spoke shave.

The nature of my invention consists in an improved spoke shave constructed with its bearing surface in front of its cutter applied to the stock by means of a lever having an adjusting screw or its equivalent or an adjusting screw and a retracting spring so applied to it as to enable the said bearing surface to be moved either toward or away from the cutting edge of the cutter in order to diminish or enlarge the chip passage as well as to vary the angular position of the said bearing surface with respect to that in rear of the cutter, whereby advantages in the operation of the instrument are attained. Also, in an application and arrangement of a protecting cavity or chamber with respect to the lever and its retracting spring.

In the drawing A, denotes the body or the stock of the spoke shave, as constructed with two handles, a, a, and a throat or recess, B, for the reception of a cutter or plane iron B’, which is arranged on the seat or bottom of the throat and is confined thereto by means of a screw, c, which passes through a slot, d, formed in the iron and screws into the stock. The head of the screw laps over the edges of the slot.

The bearing surface of the stock is composed, not only of a stationary part, d’, in rear of the cutter B’, but a movable part, e, which is arranged in front of the cutter. This movable part is made on a lever C, which is shaped as shown in the drawings, and has a journal extending from each side of it, into the adjacent side of the throat such journal being shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1. Furthermore an adjusting screw, E, screws through the back part of the lever and against the seat of the throat of the stock or such screw may pass through the lever and screw into the stock and be so applied to the lever or have such shoulders or appliances that when the screw is turned in one direction it shall tilt the rear part of the lever one way or toward the stock, and when moved in the opposite direction produce a reverse movement of the said lever.

I prefer that the adjusting screw on one side of the journal should screw through the lever and against the seat and that the part of the lever which is on the opposite side of the journals should be provided with a retracting spring I, to be fastened to it and bear on the stock. Were this spring fastened at its middle to the top of the lever and made to extend across the same in such manner as to have its ends bear on the stock, the spring would be so exposed to shavings, as they might be expelled from the throat, that they would be liable to collect between it and the lever and by so doing effect, more or less, its correct action. In order to prevent this I form within and traversely through the lever, a cavity or chamber, g, which I make of a less diameter at its middle part, than it is at its ends or as shown in Fig. 4. This cavity or chamber receives the spring I, made of a piece of round steel wire, and to fit tightly at its middle part to the middle part of the cavity while the ends of the said spring rest on the stock as shown in Figs. 1 and 6. By means of the chamber or cavity surrounding the spring, the latter is protected from shavings which during the use of the shave might rise out of the throat and get between the spring and the lever were the spring not so protected.

By means of the above described mode of changing the width of the mouth of the shave, the thickness of its cut or of the shaving made by it when in use may be regulated, a spoke shave so made being found to operate in practice to great advantage.

I claim —

1. The improved spoke shave as constructed with its bearing surface in front of its cutter, applied to the stock by means of a lever having an adjusting screw or its equivalent, or a screw and a spring applied to it so as to enable the said bearing surface to be moved with respect to the cutter, and the bearing surface in rear thereof, substantially in manner as described.

2. I also claim the arrangement and application of a projecting cavity or chamber within the lever and to the spring thereof in manner and for the purpose as hereinbefore set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature.

LEONARD BAILEY

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 21,311 – Securing Plane Irons To The Stocks Of Bench Planes (Leonard Bailey) (1858)

[paiddownloads id=”79″]21311

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF WINCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF SECURING PLANE-IRONS TO THE STOCKS OF BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 20,311, dated August 31, 1858.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Winchester, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Hand-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following speciiication and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 denotes a top view of a smoothing plane having my invention applied to it; Fig. 2, a side elevation of it, while Fig. 3 is a central, vertical and longitudinal section of it. Fig. 4 is an underside view of the plane iron and its cap, Fig. 5 being a top view of the same. Fig. 6 is a view of the clamp lever and thumb cam thereof to be hereinafter described.

The object of my invention is to provide the plane with a ready means of fixing the plane iron or cutter in the stock or of removing the same therefrom as well as of adjusting the plane iron in the stock as circumstances may require.

In the drawings, A, exhibits the plane stock furnished with a throat, B, for the reception of the cutter or plane-iron, C, or the same and its cap iron, D. In the above mentioned drawings the cap iron, D, is exhibited as confined to the plane iron or cutter, C, by means of a screw h, extending upward from the underside of the cutter C, and through a long slot, b, formed in the said cutter as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The bearing surface of the throat or that marked d, d, in Fig. 3, is furnished with a recess, e, for the reception of the head of the screw, h, by which the cap iron is confined to the plane iron, such recess being made of a sufficient size or diameter to allow the necessary longitudinal movements of the plane iron. Furthermore, the cap-iron as shown in the drawing, is made with a hole, f, arranged midway between its two edges and directly over the slot in the plane iron, such hole being to enable the plane iron and its cap to be passed over the head of a bearer or screw F, inserted in the plane stock and made to project from the bearing surface d, d, as shown in Fig. 3. In connection with this screw or bearer, F, a clamp lever or plate, G, is employed, it being formed as represented in the drawings and hinged or jointed at its upper end to a thumb cam, H. Moreover, the clamp lever, G, has an elongated slot, s, made through it, the said slot in one half its length being circular in form and having a diameter or width somewhat larger than the head of the bearer or screw, F, while the remainder of the slot is constructed of a width or diameter less than that of the head of the screw and sufficient to receive the shank of the screw the whole being as shown in the drawings. In consequence of the slot being so made we are enabled to slip or pass the clamp lever, G, over the head of the screw and to press the said clamp lever, G, downward in such manner as to cause the head of the bearer or screw to project beyond the sides of the slot, and constitute a fulcrum for the clamp plate when the thumb cam is turned down into the position as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. By turning the thumb cam down, we clamp or confine the plane iron in the stock, but by turning such thumb cam upward so as to bring it into the position as represented in Fig. 7 (which is another longitudinal section of the plane) we loosen the clamp lever from the bearer in such manner as to enable us either to remove it therefrom or to adjust the plane iron as circumstances may require. By turning backward the thumb cam, it will be made to so operate against the plane iron or the cap thereon as to raise the upper end of the clamp lever and force the lower end against the bearer in such manner as to cause the lower end of the clamp plate to be pressed downward upon the plane iron and secure such iron firmly upon its bearing surface, d, d. Thus it will be seen that by means of the bearer, the clamp lever and the thumb cam the plane iron may be secured in place in the throat of the plane stock or released therefrom with great facility or expedition.

By making the shank of the bearer to screw into the stock we cause the bearer to be adjustable with reference to the seat of the plane iron, and therefore we have a means of readily adapting the bearer to a plane iron of any ordinary thickness, whether provided or not with a cap iron, the adjustment of the bearer being for the purpose of causing the thumb cam and the clamp lever to be brought into the proper situations to enable them by their conjoint action as described to fasten the plane iron to the stock. If desirable, there may be two bearers, F, but I prefer to have but one, as such is quite suflicient. These bearers may be arranged near the edges and may project either from or into the stock. A single bearer, however, arranged in the middle of the seat of the plane iron and either made stationary or adjustable with respect to such seat is far preferable to more than one. Furthermore by the employment of one bearer and its arrangement at the middle of the plane iron and the clamp lever as described the lower bearing edge of the clamp lever is left free to perfectly or so perfectly adjust itself to the plane iron or the cap iron thereof as to bear thereon throughout the entire length of the edge.

I claim —

The application and arrangement of one or more bearers, F, the clamp lever, G, and the thumb cam, H, together and with respect to the top surface of the plane iron and the bearing surface or cutter seat, d, d, of the throat substantially as represented and described.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 23,927 – Spoke Shave (Benjamin Tolman) (1859)

[paiddownloads id=”81″]23927

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

BENJN. TOLMAN, OF PEMBROKE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND A. T. RAMSDELL, OF SAME PLACE.

SPOKE-SHAVE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 23,927, dated May 10, 1859.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN TOLMAN, of Pembroke, in the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Spoke-Shave or Heel-Shave; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, denotes a top view of it. Fig. 2, an underside view of it. Fig. 3, a front side view of it. Fig. 4, a rear side view of it. Fig. 5, a transverse and central section of it. Fig. 6, an underside view of its adjustable throat gage to be hereinafter described.

In the drawings, A, exhibits the stock or handle of the shave; B, the curved knife, while C, is the throat gage, the said knife and throat gage being constructed of metal. In spoke shaves or heel shaves as ordinarily constructed, the knife is furnished with “starts” or adjusting contrivances, which extend transversely through the handle, and cause the knife during the process of adjusting it, to be moved either toward or away from the stock. In consequence of this mode of arranging the adjustments, the knife, while the shave is being used, is very apt to be moved toward the stock or get out of place, for the great pressure employed to keep the tool in contact with the article to be shaved is borne mostly and directly by the knife and in such manner as to render the knife liable to be forced up to or toward the handle. In the construction of my improved shave I have avoided this liability of derangement of the knife. The two ears, a, a, of the knife, are not provided with starts to extend through the handle, but are formed so as to rest with broad bearings or surfaces upon flat surfaces or plates of metal, D, D, screwed or fastened lirmly to the stock, each of the said ears being provided with a slot, b, arranged transversely in it, and for the reception of one of two clamp screws, c, c, which is passed through it and screwed into the bearing plate, such clamp screw having its head projecting over the opposite sides of the slot in order that when screwed down firmly it shall confine the ear in place on the bearing piece. In connection with the said movabllie and adjustable knife, I employ an adjustable throat gage, C, which is formed as shown in the drawings, is fastened by screws f, f, to the front side of the stock. It also extends in front of the knife and between the latter and the stock, as shown in Fig. 5. The screws, f, f, pass respectively through elogated slots g, g, made in the adjustable gage C, the same being so arranged as to enable the gage C, to be moved in a direction at a right angle to that in which the knife is capable of being moved.

The object of adjusting the knife as described is to enable the cutting edge h, to be brought into a suitable position with respect to the rear edge of the bearing part, i, of the throat gage, for it will be observed that in proportion as the knife is worn down by the act of sharpening or grinding it, it will require to be moved forward. Furthermore, the object of making the throat gage adjustable is, to regulate the depth of cut or thickness of shaving to be taken by the knife.

From the above, it will be seen that the knife having been once adjusted and clamped firmly on its bearing plates cannot easily be thrown out of place while in operation, and besides this the adjustment of the distance between the knife and the throat gage can be made without disturbing the knife. As most of the pressure by which the tool is borne against an article while in the act of cutting the same, is borne by the knife, there is little or no danger of derangement of the throat gage.

I do not claim a shave made with a stationary knife and an adjustable gage; nor do I claim a shave as made with an adjustable knife and a stationary mouthpiece disposed in front of the knife, but what I do claim as my invention is —

An improved spoke shave, constructed substantially as herein before described, that is with an adjustable knife and an adjustable throat gage, arranged and applied to the stock, and so as to move with respect to one another as specined.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature this twenty eighth day of September, A. D. 1857.

BENJAMIN TOLMAN.

Witnesses:
ISAAC JOSLYN,
EVA LAMBERT.

No. 28,946 – Plane Iron Sharpener (Joshua Turner) (1860)

[paiddownloads id=”87″]28946

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

J. TURNER, OF CAMBRIDGEPORT, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, AND F. GUILD, OF DEDHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE-IRON SHARPENER.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 28,946, dated June 26, 1860.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSHUA TURNER, of Cambridgeport, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Machine for Sharpening a Joiner’s Plane-Iron or other Tool of Like Nature; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, is a top view; Fig. 2, a side elevation; Fig. 3, a rear end view, and Fig. 4, a longitudinal and central section of it.

My said machine will answer for sharpening gouges and various other tools used by turners, joiners or other artificers.

In the drawings, A exhibits a whetstone as supported by a stand or table, B, or has a wooden socket piece S, resting in or on the table. This table is furnished with two parallel rails or ways C, C, or the equivalent thereof, for supporting and guiding an arched carriage, D, which is placed thereon, as represented. Over and sustained by such carriage, D, there is a separate tool carrier or holder, E, consisting of two bars a, b, and two clamp screws, d, e. Each screw passes through the upper bar d, and screws into the lower one so that when a plane iron F, is arranged between the two bars as shown, it may be clamped to them by the screws. Each bar of the carrier has a spherical projection or ball, f, or, g, extended from it as shown in the drawings. When the carrier is applied to the carriage D, one of these balls f, g, is to rest in an adjustable cup, socket or step G, which is provided with a screw, it, to screw vertically into the carriage. By means of the screw, the bevel of the edge of the plane iron may be varied within certain limits.

In rear of the carriage and the stone holder S, of the table B, there is an adjustable stop, I, which consists of a bar, i, projecting across the two rails, C, C, and held to the table by a clamp screw, k, which extends through a long slot, l, (made in the table) and screws into a piece of metal, m, extending across the slot and arranged underneath the table as shown in Fig. 4. The said slot serves to arrest the rearward movement of the carriage so that the plane-iron while being moved backward on the whetstone may not slip off the rear end of it.

In the operation of this machine, a person after having fixed a plane iron in the holder, E, and so as to rest at the bevel of its cutting edge on the stone, bears his hands on the holder, the iron and the carriage and moves the whole backward and forward longitudinally so as to cause the iron to be sharpened by the upper surface of the stone. While this is being done the spherical projection, that may be in the cup or socket of the carriage, will enable the plane iron to conform to the stone so as to wear equally while being moved on it.

By means of the two spherical projections applied to the cutter carrier or extended from it as described and represented we are able quickly to reverse the plane iron or turn it over so as to bring its opposite face in contact with the stone. This will be found particularly useful in removing a “wire edge” from the iron or for sharpening irons or tools which have two bevels to their cutting edge. Furthermore, the spherical projection enables a gouge to be turned laterally while being sharpened.

The machine constructed in manner and to operate as described is very useful to joiners or others for rapid and accurate sharpening of their plane irons or various other cutting tools.

I claim —

1. The combination and arrangement of the separate cutter carrier and its carriage with the whetstone supporter provided with parallel ways or equivalent means of guiding the carriage, the whole being to operate together substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. The arrangement of ball bearings on opposite sides of the cutter carrier and to operate with a socket of the carriage as specified.

3. Making the socket or step adjustable vertically for the purpose explained.

4. The combination and arrangement of an adjustable stop with the table, the cutter carrier and its carriage applied to the table and with reference to the whetstone or its supporter as specified.

JOSHUA TURNER.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 30,071 – Spoke Shave (Samuel Leonard) (1860)

[paiddownloads id=”89″]30071

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL LEONARD, OF BRIDGEWATER, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPOKE-SHAVE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 30,071, dated September 18, 1860.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL LEONARD, of Bridgewater, in the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Spoke-Shave, and do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view; Fig. 2, an under-side view; Fig. 3, a front elevation; Fig. 4, a rear elevation; and Fig. 5, a central and transverse section of a spokeshave containing my invention. Fig. 6 is an underside view of the stock divested of the cutter and its movable throat piece. Fig. 7 is an underside view of the throat piece and the stock as they appear when the knife is removed therefrom. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of the instrument taken through the springs of the throat piece.

The nature of my invention consists in an improved arrangement of the adjustable mouthpiece and its operative mechanism with respect to the stock and the cutter arranged in the stock in manner as hereinafter explained.

In the drawings, A, exhibits the stock as provided with two handles, a, a, and as constructed with a recess b, for the reception of an adjustable throat piece B, the recess and throat piece being arranged in the underside of the stock as shown in the drawings. The knife or cutter C extends longitudinally over the throat piece and in rear of its bearing face c, and is fastened at its two ends to the stock by screws, d, d. A chip throat or passage, e, is formed between the knife and the adjustable throat piece B, such chip throat or pqssage e, being made to open or have its discharging mouth at the back of the spoke shave as shown in the drawings. Near the two rearmost corners of the adjustable throat piece B, it is provided with two pivots or journals,f, f, which extend into bearings or pivot holes made in the stock and so as to enable the throat piece to be moved either toward or away from the cutting edge of the knife, its movement toward the said edge being effected by an adjusting screw, D, extending through the front part of the middle of the stock and against the throat piece, B, as shown in the drawings. Furthermore, springs, g, g, are arranged between the throat piece and the knife and near to opposite ends of the throat such springs operating to produce a counter movement of the adjustable throat.

I do not claim any improvement or any arrangement of parts as represented or as claimed in the United States Patent, No. 20855, for although I employ an adjustable bearing surface in front of the cutter and apply the same to the stock by means of a lever actuated by an adjusting screw, my invention consists in an improved arrangement and by means of it and with reference to the spoke-shave described in the said patent, I am enabled to dispense with a stock bearing surface, separate from the cutter or knife and arranged in rear thereof, and make the cutter itself or the lower surface thereof a bearing surface, and furthermore, the discharging mouth of the chip throat of my improved spoke shave is left free or has nothing in rear of it to obstruct the escape of shavings. In this way, while I gain all the advantages of the common spokeshave having no bearing in rear of its knife I also secure that of an adjustable throat and a bearing in front of the knife. Furthermore, I so arrange the space between the said throat piece and the stock, that no shaving passing into the throat can easily get between the said throat piece and the stock so as to clog the operation of the throat piece or prevent it from being moved by its adjusting screw.

I claim —

My improved arrangement of the adjustable mouthpiece and its operative mechanism with respect to the stock and the cutter
arranged in the stock as specified.

SAMUEL LEONARD.

Witnesses:
LAFAYETTE KEITH,
GEO. L. GATES.

No. 33,589 – Improvement In Spokeshaves (John Jennings Jr.) (1861)

[paiddownloads id=”94″]33589

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN JENNINGS, JR., OF NATICK, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN SPOKESHAVES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 33,589, dated October 29, 1861.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN JENNINGS, Jr., of Natick, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Heel or Spoke Shaves; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view, Fig. 2 a bottom view, and Fig. 3 a rear side elevation of a heel or spoke shave provided with my in vention. Fig. 4 is an under side view of the stock as it appears without its knife.

In the drawings, A is the stock, and B the knife, the latter being constructed witli two tangs a, a to pass through the stock. Generally the knife-tangs pass through the stock and are secured by the friction of the wood, in which case, after a while, the reception-holes become so much worn as to render it difficult to preserve the cutting-edge of the knife at its proper or desirable distance from the throat-piece b.

In making the stock I not only construct it with two tang~holes c, c, but through each tang-hole, and so as to diverge in opposite directions from it and parallel or about so to the rear side of the stock, I run or make a saw-kerf or long slit d, the same being as represented in the figures. A screw e is passed transversely through each of the said kerfs, and is screwed into that part of the stock which is in front of the kerf. Consequently when the screw is turned up so as to force its head against the stock the wood thereof will be so sprung that a firm grasp on the adjacent knife-tang may be secured. Thus as the tang-hole may become worn by movements of the tang produced by the occasional adjustment of the knife I have a means of adjusting the tang-hole or rendering it smaller.

I do not claim the application of either wedges or metallic clamps to the stock and the tangs of the knife in order to fasten the said tangs in place in the stock. My improvement has advantages oversuch, and, besides, it materially cheapens the construction of a heel or spoke shave.

I am aware that it is not new to confine the tangs of a spokeshave in place in the stock by means of screws passing transversely into metallic projections extended from the stock, the ends of such screws bearing directly against the tangs extending longitudinally through such projections. Therefore I do not claim the broad ground of confining the tangs in the stock by means of screws; but

I claim —

Tlie improved stock as made with kerfs d, dl, arranged within it and with respect to its tang-holes c, c and to receive screws, substantially in, manner and for the purpose as specified.

JOHN JENNINGS, JR.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 37,694 – Improvement In Bench Planes (Seth C. Howes) (1863)

[paiddownloads id=”97″]37694

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SETH C. HOWES, OF SOUTH CHATHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 37,694, dated February 17, 1863.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SETH C. HOWES, of South Chatham, in the county of Barnstable and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, such as are used by joiners and other artisans in wood; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a vertical section of my invention, taken in the line x, x, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan or top view of the same. Figs. 3 and 4 are detached views of parts pertaining to the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of planes which are commonly termed “bench-planes,” comprising the fore-plane, smoothing-plane, jack-plane, jointer, &c.

The invention consists in a novel and improved mode of adjusting the plane-iron to regulate the depth of the cut of the same, in connection with an adjustable cap, all being constructed and arranged in such a manner that the plane-iron may be “set” with the greatest facility and firmly retained in position by the adjustment simply of the cap to the plane-iron, after the latter is set, and the cap also rendered capable of being adjusted to compensate for the wear of the “sole” or face of the plane-stock.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and construct my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A represents the stock of the plane, which may be constructed of wood, as usual, and B is the throat or opening in the stock, in which the plane-iron C and cap D are fitted. The iron C is of the usual shape, and it has four holes made in its back surface, to receive a corresponding number of spurs, b, which are on the front side of a square nut, E, the latter being fitted in an inclined recess, c, in the stock, at the back part of the throat B.

F is a rod, the lower portion of which has a screw, d, cut on it. On this screw d the nut E is fitted. The rod F, just above the screw d, is fitted in a socket or bearing, G, in the upper part of the stock. The lower end of the rod F is fitted in a bearing, H. (See Fig. 1.)

D represents the cap, the lower end of which presses against the front side of the plane-iron G, when the plane is in condition for use. The cap D is provided with pins or trunnions e e — one at each side — and these pins or trunnions are fitted in bearings f f, which are of square or rectangular form, and fitted in oblong slots g g in metal plates J J, the latter being secured in an inclined position in the stock A — one at each side of the throat B — by means of screws a’. The bearings f at one side are notched or serrated, and the upper sides of the slots g are also serrated, so that the serrated edges of the bearings may engage therewith. (See Fig. 4.) By this arrangement the bearings are prevented from casually moving in their slots g. Through the upper part of the cap D a screw, K, passes, and this screw bears against the plane-iron C and keeps the spurs b of the nut E engaged with the holes in the plane-iron, and the plane-iron in close contact with the nut, as will be fully understood by referring to Fig. 1. In order to adjust or set the plane-iron C, the rod F is turned, the plane-iron being thereby raised and lowered, the screw K being turned so as to relieve the plane-iron C of its pressure as well as of the pressure of the lower end of the cap D. When the plane-iron is set, the screw K is turned so as to press the lower end of the cap D against the lower part of the plane-iron, and by this adjustment the pressure of the screw K keeps the plane-iron in contact with the nut E. The plane-iron, therefore, it will be seen, is firmly retained in position when the plane is in condition for use. In case the sole or face of the stock A becomes worn by use, or requires to be faced or planed off, the cap is elevated by removing the plates J J from the stock and placing the bearings f f rather higher in the slots g g, the serrated edges of the bearings and slots holding the bearings in proper position at any desired points in the slots.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The rod F, having the screw d cut upon it, and provided with the nut E, with spurs b on its outer surface, to fit in holes in the plane-iron C, in combination with the cap D, provided with the screw K and trunniouse e the f f, which are placed in slotted plates J J , and retained therein at the desired point by the serrated edges of the bearings and the slots or a equivalent means, all arranged substantially as set forth.

SETH C. HOWES.

Witnesses:
JOHN G. DOANE,
FREEMAN E. CHASE.

No. 40,483 – Improvement In Planes For Beading And Molding (Seth C. Howes) (1863)

[paiddownloads id=”99″]40483

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SETH C. HOWES, OF SOUTH CHATHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES FOR BEADING, MOLDING, &c.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 40,483, dated November 3, 1863 ; antedated October 24, 1863.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SETH C. HOWES, of South Chatham, in the county of Barnstable and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes for Beading, Molding, &c., &c. ; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a vertical section of my invention, taken in the line x x, Fig. 2; Fig. 2, a plan or top view of the same 5 Fig. 3, a side view of the same; Fig. 4, a detached face view of the clamp which holds the plane iron in proper position.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of planes used by joiners for forming beads and moldings, and also for forming rabbets, and which discharge the shavings at the side of the stock.

The object of the invention is to obtain a plane of the kind specified which will discharge the shavings freely and without the liability of choking or clogging in the throat, and one also which will admit of the iron being adjusted with the greatest facility to regulate the depth of cut and admit of the iron being firmly secured in the stock.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and construct my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A represents the stock of the plane, which is constructed of wood, and of the usual form, and B is the “iron,” the lower end or cutting-edge of which is made of a form corresponding to that of the bead, molding, or rabbet to be cut. This iron has a notch, a, made in its back surface, near its upper end, and into this notch a projection or spur, b, on a nut, C, is fitted, said nut being in an inclined recess or groove, c, in the stock. The nut C is on a screw, D, the upper part of which is iitted in a metal socket, F, placed in a recess in the upper part ofthe stock. The upper part of the plane-iron is fitted in the front part of the recess or groove c, while the lower part passes through a recess, F, which is open at its side, and forms what is commonly termed the throat, to admit of the shavings out by the iron to pass out from the stock. This throat is narrow at its lower end, as shown at d, and it widens very gradually for a short distance upward, and then suddenly expands or increases in width, with a rounded front, e, as shown clearly in Figs 1 and 3.

Within this enlarged part of the throat there is fitted a metal socket or guide, G, in which a clamp, H, works. This clamp is also constructed of metal, and may be described as being formed of a rectangular bar, having one side beveled, as shown at f (See Fig. 4.) The clamp is allowed to work freely in the socket or guide G, and it is moved or operated by a screw, I, which works in an internal screw-thread, g, in the clamp, as shown in Fig. 1, and is litted in a metal socket, J, placed in a recess in the upper part of the stock. The portions of the screws I and D, which are htted in the sockets E and J, are smooth, (see Fig. 1,) and the beveled surface f is placed outward.

From the above description it will be seen that by turning the screw-rod D, the iron may be raised and lowered according to the depth of cut or thickness of shaving required, as by turning said screw the nut C is moved, and with it the iron, and when the desired set of the iron is obtained, the latter is secured in position by pressing the clamp H against it, the latter result being attained by turning the screw I. The back part of the iron is pressed by the clamp H firmly against the back part of the throat F.

In using the implement the shavings will readily pass up the lower narrow part of the throat, and in passing into the enlarged part they will turn freely the rounded corner e, and, coming in contact with the hard, smooth metal surfaces of the inner side of the socket or guide G, and the beveled surface f of the clamp H, are discharged freely from the throat, and all choking and clogging of the latter avoided.

The ordinary throats of this class of planes are very liable to choke or clog with shavings, as they have a comparatively long narrow opening at their lower parts, and are not provided with any rnetal surfaces, which have a tendency to prevent the sticking or adhering of the shavings in the throat.

Having thus described my invention, I claim, as an improved article of manufacture —

A molding-plane provided with the adjusting-nut C, screw D, the holding-clamp H, screw J , and curved throat e, all constructed and operating together, as herein shown and described.

SETH C. HOWES.

Witnesses:
JOHN G. DOANE,
FREEMAN E. CHASE.

No. 46,614 – Improvement In Bench Planes (Wing H. Taber) (1865)

[paiddownloads id=”106″]46614

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WING H. TABER, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNEE TO HIMSELF AND THOMAS H. ABBOTT, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT lN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 46,614, dated February 28, 1865.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WING H. TABER, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specification and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view, Fig. 2 a side elevation, and Fig. 3 a longitudinal section, of a bench-plane provided with my invention. Flg. 4 is a top view of the furcated lever of the mechanism for fastening the plane-iron in place in the stock and on the adjustable bed. Fig. 5 is a front view of the said adjustable bed.

The nature of my invention or improvement consists in the combination as well as in the arrangement of an adjustable bed, and a mechanism, as hereinafter described, for fastening the plane iron in place in the stock and on the said bed, the parts of the said combination being arranged as hereinafter described, and the object or purpose of such invention being to enable the slant or inclination of the plane-iron to be varied in order to vary the width or size of the shaving-mouth at the cutting edge of the plane iron, and thus adapt the plane to the cutting of either thick or thin shavings from a piece of wood or article while being planed.

In the drawings, A denotes the plane-stock, provided with a throat, a, and a plane-iron, B, the latter having a cap iron or plate, C.

The plane iron rests on the lower part, b, of the throat a, and also on an adjustable bearing or bed, G, which is formed as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, screws into the stock, and is arranged in an inclined position, as exhibited in Fig. 3.

By taking hold of the head c of the bed or bearing G, and revolving the bearing, we can either screw it more of less into the stock, so as to vary the distance of the top of the head from the upper surface of the stock.

In advance of the bearing G there is a screw, D, which goes through the plane-iron and its cap-iron, and is screwed into the stock. A forked lever, E, clasps the shank of the screw D, and directly underneath the head d thereof, and has a screw, F, screwed through it and against the cap-iron G, the lower end of the said lever E being in contact with the cap-iron.

The adjustable fulcrum-screw D, the furcated lever E, and the screw F, constitute the mechanism for fastening the plane-iron in the stock or in the latter and to the bearing G. This fastening mechanism I do not claim as my invention by itself, or irrespective of the adjustable bearing G.

By the use of the said fastening mechanism no wedge is required to hold the plane in the stock. Consequently there will be no danger of splitting the stock, such as is incident to the wedge. The adjustable bearing G enables the shaving-mouth to be increased or diminished, as circumstances may require, and is also advantageous in other respects.

I lay no claim to the invention ofthe mechanism as above described for fastening the plane iron in the stock, such mechanism consisting of the screw D, the lever E, and the screw F, arranged with respect to the plane-stock and the plane iron or irons as described. Nor do I claim an adjustable bed as combined with stationary supports of the plane-iron, and constituting with them a means of confining the said plane-iron in its place in the stock, the same being as shown in Asahel G. Batchelder’s application for a patent filed in United States Patent Office on or about the 3d day of July, A. D. 1857, and subsequently rejected. My invention not only differs from those above cited as well in the structure as in the arrangement of its parts, but possesses one or more advantages not incident to them. In other words, while it retains all those of the fastening mechanism above mentioned, it has another which results from the adjustable bed not being required to be revolved in order to effect the fastening of the iron in the stock to be varied, such angle being for all practical purposes constant in the said Batchelder’s plane. I thus have the double advantage of not only varying the angle of inclination of the plane-iron, but of being capable of so springing the iron as to vary the breadth of the shaving-mouth of the throat as circumstances may require.

I claim —

1. The combination of the adjustable bed or bearing G, the screws F and D, and the lever E, the whole being arranged with respect to the plane-iron and the stock substantially as specifed.

2. The arrangement of the adjustable bed G, with the fulcrum-screw D, the lever E, the screw F, the plane-iron B, and its bearing b, arranged at the lower part of the throat a, as described.

WING H. TABER.

Witnesses:
J. N. MARSHALL,
JOEL A. ABBOTT.

No. 17,657 – Bench Plane (Thomas D. Worrall) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”47″]17657

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS D. WORRALL, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND THOMAS F. CALDICOTT, ASSIGNORS TO THOMAS F. CALDICOTT, OF CHARLESTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE FOR FINISHING GROOVES IN PATTERNS &c.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,657, dated June 23, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS D. WORRALL, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Bench Plane or Jointer; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view of the same. Fig 2 a side elevation o it. Fig. 3 a vertical, central, and longitudinal section of it. Fig. 4 a horizontal section of its cutter holder and clamp.

In these drawings A denotes the body or stock of the plane as made of wood and having a handle B projecting upward from it, such part A generally being about one-half or less than one-half the thickness of stocks for bench planes or jointers as ordinarily made. The said stock is provided with a separate metallic cutter holder C, which is placed on its top and fastened to it by means of screws as seen at a, a. This cutter holder formed as shown in the drawings, is furnished with a slide clamp D, made so as to embrace a dovetailed projection ln, extending from the rear side of the cutter or plane iron E, as shown in the drawings. Such slide is provided with a slot f, for the reception of wedges F, G, which act against one another, the rear end of the slot and a shoulder c formed in the cutter holder. By driving up these wedges the cutter is drawn firmly down upon its seat d, formed in the holder and does not depend on the wood of the plane iron to enable it to be held in place.

By my construction of the plane important advantages are gained. It may be made lighter than ordinary planes of the kind ; its cutter is more firmly held in position ; its devices for clamping the cutter are compact and disposed in convenient positions for the carpenter to operate them as occasion may require. Furthermore, they are well protected both by the handle and the cutter so as not to be liable to be disturbed or disarranged except as occasion may require.

What I claim is —

The improved manufacture of carpenter’s bench plane or jointer as made with its handle, its wooden stock to which said handle is atlixed, and a separate metallic cutter holder, and cutter clamping devices arranged together substantially as specified.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature.

THOS. D. WORRALL.

Witnesses:
J. C. DOWNING,
JOHN E. CRANE.

No. 16,805 – Carpenter’s Plane (Oldin Nichols) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”37″]16805

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

OLDIN NICHOLS, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,805, dated March 10, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OLDIN NICHOLS, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a useful and novel Changeable Multiform Plane; and I hereby declare that the following specification, in connection with the accompanying drawings and references thereon, constitute, embody, and designate a clear, lucid, and exact description of the construction, application, and use of the same.

In explanation of the accompanying drawings and for reference thereto, Figure 1, denotes a plan or top view of the plane stock with the iron, and handle secured thereto, the handle being secured to the top of the plane. Fig. 2, denotes a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3, is a longitudinal and vertical section of it, on line A, B, Fig. 1. Fig. 4, is a plan of my plane with the handle attached, in its lowest position. Fig. 5, denotes a side elevation of the same. Fig. 6, is a longitudinal and vertical section of the same on line C, D, Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a plan removed from the plane stock, of the cam shafts H and L, for holding both the plane iron and handle to the plane stock, and with the wrench for operating this cam, and for screwing the cap to the plane iron connected to, or placed on the cam shaft. Fig. 8, is a plan of this wrench. Fig. 9, denotes a plan of the plane iron C removed from the plane stock, with a section of the hook headed bolt E therein showing this bolt slabbed on each side to prevent turning when the cap D, is screwed to the iron C by the wrench I. Fig. 10, is a section of the plane stock A with a plate seen at gf intervening between the hook E and cam H.

Invention — The nature of my invention consists in firmly connecting the plane iron to the cap by means of a hook headed bolt and two nuts thereon, and the arrangement of a cam shaft to act on this hook by means of a wrench or its equivalent in such manner as to securely hold the plane iron to the stock, and the intermediation of a plate between the surface of the cam shaft and hook, which would otherwise come together to hold the plane iron to the stock, and the application of substantially the same arrangement to the handle whereby one handle will answer for any number of planes or molding tools, and the variable position of this handle which can be changed on the same, to be nearly as low as the face of the plane, to operate it with the greatest ease or in securing it to the top of the plane for planing floors or any desired work, all as hereinafter set forth.

Construction — To enable persons which are efficiently skilled in the art to which my invention appertains, to construct and carry out the same, I will describe it as follows:

I construct a plane stock as seen at A, in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10, of the drawing, I then construct the plane iron seen at C Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10, and the cap seen at D, same figures, and secure them together by a hook headed bolt seen at E Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 10, on which is placed two nuts, one top of the cap seen at F, Figs. 1, 3, 4, 6, and 10, and the other one under the plane iron seen at G Figs. 3, 6 and 10, these nuts are both properly threaded to the bolt E, the top one F, is to firmly hold the cap D to the iron C, and the lower one G, is to adjust the position of the surface or face a, Figs. 3, 6, and 10, of the hook headed bolt E, any desired distance from the iron C, in order to be in the proper position to be acted upon to hold the plane iron to the stock by the cam seen at H, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, and 10, which is fitted to the plane stock A, by first forming a hole therein for this cam shaft to freely turn in, the cam shaft H is constructed by turning an iron arbor round and smooth, and forming one of its ends square, on which to place the wrench I Figs. 7 and 8, so as to turn this cam shaft, to tighten and hold the iron to the stock by bringing the surface e, Figs. 3, 6, and 10, of this shaft H in contact with, and against the surface a, of the hook headed bolt E.

A portion of the cam shaft H, is removed leaving a vacant place seen at i, Figs. 3, 6, 7, and 10, so that by turning this cam shaft around so as to bring this vacant place i opposite or nearest the face a, of the hook E, the plane iron will be liberated so that it may be removed from the plane stock, for sharpening or any desired purpose.

It is designed to turn the cam shaft H, so as to bring its surface e, against the surface a, of the hook, in the position seen at Figs. 3, and 6, and 10, in order to hold the plane iron sufliciently firm to the plane stock, while this iron can be driven down to take a rank shaving, or driven up to take a lighter shaving as may be desired by the operator, without altering the tension of the iron to the plane stock.

A plan of the cam shaft H is shown in Fig. 7, disconnected from the plane stock, to better illustrate the part removed leaving a vacant place seen at i, for liberating the plane iron from the stock; an edge view of the wrench I, is also shown connected to this shaft H, in Fig. 7, and a plan of it is shown at Fig. 8, the large end J being fitted to turn either of the nuts F or G, for the purposes before stated i, e, for holding the cap D, to the plane iron C, and for adjusting the hook surface a, of the bolt, to be correctly operated upon by the cam shaft H, to hold the plane iron firmly to the stock.

At Fig. 10 is seen a plate g, held to the stock A, by the screw y, this plate intervenes between the surface e, of the cam shaft H, and the surface a, of the hook E, to prevent wear of these surfaces, and to prevent the plane iron from sliding, or moving when it is tightened to the stock. Single plane irons can be secured to the plane stock in precisely the same manner every way as the double iron; the hook headed bolt may be as much shorter for the single iron than it is in the double one, as the thickness of the cap D, which will be readily understood.

I construct one plane handle seen at B Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, so as to answer for a whole set of planes, or for any number of planes and molding tools by shaping its front edge as seen at n, and m Figs. Q, 3, 5 and 6, so that the surface n, of the handle B can be placed on the top or higher surface of the plane A, as seen at Figs. 2 and 3, the hook K Figs. 2 and 3, 5 and 6, swinging free on the pin , Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6, in the slot P, Figs. 3 and 6, the surface k, of the hook K, is operated upon (after being placed in the mortise M) by the surface h, of the cam shaft L, to hold the plane handle firmly to the stock, by turning the cam shaft L with the same wrench I, that is used to operate the cam shaft H, and nuts F and G.

The elevated position of the plane handle is designed for using the plane to finish floors of vessels or buildings and for smoothing or finishing in corners or places diflicult of approach, the distance from the center of the pin Q, in the plane handle, to the center of the cam shaft L, in the plane stock is the same whether the handle is in the elevated or lower position.

The handle B, can be instantly removed from the plane stock A, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, or equally well from any molding tool stock by placing the wrench I upon the square part of the cam shaft L and turning it back so as to bring the vacant or open part j, of the cam shaft L, nearest to the surface k, of the hook K, when the handle will be liberated and it can then be placed in the lowest position as seen at Figs. 4, 5, and 6, by placing the hook K into the mortise N, and the surface k, so that it can be operated upon by the surface h, of the cam shaft L, to firmly hold the handle B, in the lowest position seen at Figs. 5 and 6, which is the best for the easy working of the plane, by reason of the hand of the operator being thus in the lowest position possible when operating the plane and of course the hand will thus operate the plane in nearly a direct line with its face. The advantages are very great in this changeability of handle on the same plane from a higher to a lower, or from a lower to a higher position to work the plane with the great-est ease, or for convenience in working the plane in low places, or unapproachable places for the body, while the arms and hands can reach to work the plane if the handle be secured to the stock in the elevated position as seen at Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and another important advantage is my arrangement, whereby the handle can be applied to any number of either planes or molding tools, or both, thus saving much expense in first constructing the tools, and then in packing them, besides the advantage of change of position of the handle on the same plane, as above stated.

Use — In using my invention of plane, the cap D, has first to be secured to the plane iron, if the iron be a double one, by the fork J, of the wrench I, applied to the nut F, then it is placed in the plane stock A, in position to cut in the usual manner, the cam shaft H being of course turned so that its recess i, is next the surface a, of the hook-headed bolt E, then this cam shaft H, is turned so as to bring the surface e against, and in contact with the surface a, of the hook E, which will firmly hold the plane iron to the stock. When the round surface e, of the cam shaft H, is brought in contact with the surface a, of the hook E, no farther pressure will be had, if the cam shaft H, be turned farther because this surface e, is the round part of the cam shaft H, and this arrangement will allow the operator to either set, or adjust the plane iron (to give the thickness of shaving) with a hammer, or with the cam shaft H and wrench I, as he may wish.

The plate g, Fig. 10, intervenes between the surface a, of the hook E, and the surface e, of the cam shaft H, and prevents wear, and also prevents the plane iron from sliding by the friction on the hook E, caused by turning the cam shaft against it to tighten the iron to the plane stock.

For using the plane or molding tool, upon bench work the lower position of handle, seen in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, is the desirable one, as the plane will work much easier by the hand of the operator at this low point of the plane, but if floors of vessels or buildings, or other like surfaces are to be planed which are low and more difficult of access than bench work, then the higher position of the handle is desirable, as seen in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. The change of handle from one position to another is effected simply by turning the cam shaft L, back with the wrench I, sufliciently to liberate the hook handle K, then remove this handle and place it in the lower position, with the hook K, so that the cam shaft L, can be turned by the wrench I to tighten the plane handle in the desired position.

What I claim, is —

1. Connecting the cap D, to the plane iron C, by the hook headed bolt E with two nuts F, and G, thereon to hold them together, and then securing the iron to the plane stock A, by a cam shaft H operating upon this same hook headed bolt, which is so adjustable as to be lengthened or shortened that any desired pressure may always be had, to firmly hold the iron to the stock, by turning the cam shaft, and still allow the plane iron to be moved in or out of the plane to cut a thick or thin shaving, without farther tightening or loosening it, these parts being arranged and operated essentially in the manner and for the purposes fully set forth.

2. I also claim the plate g, secured to the plane stock, and intervening between the surface a, of the hook E, and the surface e, of the cam shaft H, to prevent wear of the hook and cam, and also to prevent the hook E, and plane iron C from sliding back when the cam shaft H, is turned to tighten the iron to the plane stock, essentially in the manner and for the purposes fully set forth.

3. I also claim the application of one single handle B, to answer for, and be secured to a whole set or any number of plane stocks, either in the lower or elevated position, and changeable from one position to another or from one plane to another, instantly and be secured firmly thereto by means of the hook K, and cam L, or their mechanical equivalents arranged and operated essentially in the manner and for the purposes fully set forth.

OLDIN NICHOLS.

Witnesses:
JOHN S. JACQUES,
E. W. SCOTT.

No. 16,412 – Adjusting The Size Of The Mouth In Planes (Thomas J. Tolman) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”35″]16412

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS J. TOLMAN, OF SOUTH SCITUATE, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF ADJUSTING THE SIZE OF TI-IE MOUTH IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,412, dated January 13, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS J. TOLMAN, of South Scituate, in the county of Plymouth and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a new and Improved Attachment to Rabbet-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the drawing forwarded and accompanying this petition is a full and exact representation of the same.

The nature of my invention consists in providing on the face of said plane an attachment of boxwood the fore part of which, or that part thereof which is forward of the plane iron being movable by means of a screw attachment, A and key B, thereby regulating with ease and certainty the size of the mouth and the working of the plane, and producing much smoother and nicer work — and to regulate the size of the mouth it is only necessary to start said key and screw. The durability of the plane is also increased four-fold.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The application to the common plane of the screw attachment and key, through the same, thereby regulating the mouth and greatly increasing its value.

In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name the seventeenth day of December, eighteen hundred and fifty-six.

THOMAS J. TOLMAN.

In presence of —

ALEXANDER WOOD,
EDWARD F. WOOD.

No. 16,309 – Adjusting Bits Of Carpenter’s Planes (Thomas D. Worrall) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”34″]16309

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS D. WORRALL, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

ADJUSTING THE BITS OF CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,309, dated December 23, 1856.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS D. WORRALL, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, is a top view. Fig. 9, a side elevation. Fig. 3, a vertical and longitudinal section, and Fig. 4, a horizontal and longitudinal section of one of my improved bench planes, the latter section being taken through the pinion gear by which the plane-iron or cutter may be elevated or depressed within the throat of the stock.

In the said drawings, A, denotes the stock, B, the cutter or plane-iron, and, C, the throat of the stock.

In order to hold the plane-iron within the stock, I employ a clamp or piece of metal, D, made so as to embrace a dovetailed rack bar E, fixed to the rear side of the cutter, B, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The clamp is arranged within a cavity or recess, F, formed in the stock and leading out of the rear side of the throat thereof. A female screw, a, is made through the rear part of the clamp and so as to receive a male screw cut on the end of a long rod, G, which extends backward through the stock and has a hexagonal head, c, as shown in the drawings. The rack, E, is provided with teeth on its rear side to cooperate with a pinion, H, arranged and made to turn within the clamp, and to have its shaft, I, extended laterally through the plane stock and formed so as to receive a key, by which it and the pinion may be put in rotation for the purpose of regulating the distance of the cutting edge of the plane-iron relatively to the lower surface of the stock. Such distance having been obtained, the clamp, D, is to be brought into action or to be drawn backward so as to act upon the dovetail of the rack and so as to draw the plane-iron firmly against the rear face or side of the throat and hold said plane-iron in its proper place.

From the above it will be seen that we not only have a means of clamping the plane-iron, but of readily adjusting it in the stock. Furthermore a cap iron, K, is applied to the plane iron for the purpose of enabling it to plane cross grained stud, a top view of said cap and the plane-iron being represented in Fig. 5. Instead of making this cap straight from end to end, or with its under surface a plane surface, as it is usually made, I give to it a curved form throughout its entire length as shown in Fig. 3, and provide the cap with a slot, L, arranged in it as shown in the drawings. A clamp screw, M, extends through the slot and into the plane-iron, the same being for the purpose of confining the cap to the plane-iron. In order to regulate the longitudinal movement of the cap iron, or plane-iron I apply to the cap and plane-iron an adjusting screw, as shown at N. Thus it will be seen that the plane stock is not employed as a bearing for the device by which the cap is held to the plane-iron, such device being entirely independent of the stock.

By making the cap curved in manner as described its lower end may be forced down into perfect contact with the upper surface of the plane-iron, and will not spring there from so as to admit shavings or pieces of wood between it and the cutting edge of the plane while it is in use. It is well known that when the cap is made perfectly flat it is liable to be raised off the iron by slivers or chips which may become wedged between their lower ends, the same serving to interrupt the proper action of the cap. By making the cap in my improved manner and by applying a clamp to it so as to be independent cf the stock in the way above described, I am not only able to effect the proper fixation of the cap iron, but can adjust the plane iron or move it up and down without disturbing the said adjustment of the cap thereon.

I claim —

The arrangement of the rack and pinion and the clamp so that while the pinion is placed within the clamp, the rear or dove-tailed sides of the rack bar shall serve as bearings for the clamp to work against.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature this eighteenth day of September, 1856.

THOMAS. D. WORRALL.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 14,979 – Method Of Securing Plane Bits (Thomas D. Worrall) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”33″]13957

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS D. WORRALL, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF SECURING PLANE-BITS.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,979, dated May 27, 1856.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS D. WORRALL, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvemnt in Carpenters’ Molding-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, is a top view, and Fig. 2, a side elevation of a plane containing my improvement. Fig. 3, a vertical, central and longitudinal section of it. Fig. 4, a side view of the clamp to be hereinafter described. Fig. 5, a front view of said clamp. Fig. 6, a front view of the plane iron as removed from its stock.

The nature of my invention consists in an improved arrangement of clamping mechanism, or that used for retaining the plane-iron within the throat of its stock. In the said drawings A, denotes the stock; B, the cutter or plane-iron; and C, the throat of the stock.

In order to hold the plane iron within the stock, I employ a clamp or piece of metal, D, made to extend partially around it or embrace it and to be arranged with respect to it as seen in the drawings, the said clamp being placed in a recess a, leading out of the rear and upper part of the throat and made of a suitable size to allow the clamp to be moved backward far enough to draw the plane iron closely against the surface of the throat. A female screw, b, is formed through the rear part of the clamp and so as to receive a male screw, C’, out on the end of a long rod E, which extends longitudinally through the stock A and from its rear end to the clamp and has a shoulder, d, and a flat head or handle, e, as seen in the drawings. By turning the rod so as to cause the screw, C’, to enter the clamp, the said clamp may be drawn down closely upon the plane-iron so as to confine it closely or firmly in the throat of the stock.

By my arrangement of the confining contrivances, the throat of the plane-iron is not obstructed by any device, extending across it transversely, the plane cutter being held in place by the backward draft of the clamp and the bearing of the rod of the shoulder E, against the rear end of the plane stock.

I do not claim merely holding the plane or cutter in place in its throat by a wedge, screw, or equivalent device forced into the throat and across it and against the plane-iron, but

What I do claim is —

The arrangement of the clamp, D, and the screw rod E with respect to the plane cutter and its stock substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my signature this twenty-seventh day of February A. D. 1856.

THOS. D. WORRALL

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 14,635 – Spoke Shave (Martin Snow) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”32″]14635

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MARTIN SNOW, OF NORTH BRIDGEWATER, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPOKE-SHAVE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,635, dated April 8, 1856.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARTIN SNOW, of North Bridgewater, in the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Manufacture of a Knife or Cutter for a Spoke or Heel Shave; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, is a rear edge view or elevation;
Fig. 2, an underside view, and Fig. 3, a transverse section of one of the said articles.
Fig. 4 shows an underside view, and Fig. 5, an edge view of a shave, having said cutter or knife applied to it.

Such knife is constructed of steel and with each of its starts A, A, extending from the blade B, parallel to one another, and with each bent or split in two parts, as seen at a, and b, and so that the outer part or portion b, shall serve as a spring to hold the starts or knife firmly in place within the sockets or receiving holes of the stock, D, when the knife is applied to said stock.

Spoke or heel shave knives as usually affixed to stocks are either confined thereto by separate wedges or screw clamps. The contrivances which I employ to hold the knife in place form one and the same piece with it, as well as parts of its starts.

I am aware that it is not new to hold an article in place by means of a spring, therefore I do not claim such, my invention relating to a new or improved manufacture, which of itself is a new article in the market, and from its peculiar construction is rendered one, which is not only very simple, but one of great utility.

The practical use of such a spoke shave or heel knife for upward of a year has proved that when its starts are so made, there is not the slightest difficulty in maintaining the knife in place by them; the depth of its cut being adjusted by simply driving the starts backward within their socket holes as circumstances may require.

What I claim is –

My new or improved manufacture of a heel or spoke shave knife made of one piece of steel and with both of its starts bent or formed in the shape of springs, in manner as specified.

MARTIN SNOW.

Witnesses:
SHEPARD W. SNOW,
EDWARD SMITH.

No. 14,018 – Spokeshave (Elijah Holmes) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”28″]14018

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ELIJAH HOLMES, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPOKESHAVE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,018, dated January 1, 1856.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELIJAH HOLMES, of Lynn, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Spokeshaves; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following speciiication and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, represents a top view of a spoke shave provided with my improvement. Fig.
2, is a bottom view of it. Fig. 3, a rear elevation, and Fig. 4, a longitudinal and vertical section of it. Fig. 5, is a transverse and vertical section of it.

My invention relates to the method of adjusting the knife or cutter A, with respect to the stock, B, and for this purpose, and in order to fasten the knife in position, I form the two ends of the knife with chamfers as seen at a, a, in Figs. 3 and 4, and I also form the stock with a dovetail socket or sockets as seen at b, b, to receive said chamfers, they being arranged as seen in the drawings. Through one of these sockets and the stock I extend a screw, c, it being made so that its head shall lap over one of the chamfers, a, as seen in Fig. 4. To this screw I apply a clamp nut as seen at e. When the nut is turned up against the stock, it will draw the head of the screw down upon the knife so as to force the knife longitudinally away from the screw and hard into the opposite socket, b, and so as to confine the knife firmly in place by means of the single screw, its nut and the two sockets. In general two screws are employed to confine the knife in place.

The above mode of fastening not only saves the use and cost of one screw, but enables the knife to be used without having the screw attached directly to it. Each end of the knife rests on a shoulder or plane g, h, (see Fig. 5) which is inclined with respect to the guide i, of the stock, B, and so that by running the knife forward toward the guide, the depression or distance of its cutting edge below the bearing surface of said guide may be changed or increased in order to vary the thickness of the shaving cut by the knife. A rearward movement of the knife will decrease the transverse distance of its cutting edge from the said surface. By means of such inclined shoulders, so arranged with respect to the gage or guide, I am enabled to dispense with the usual movable and adjustable mouth piece and its adjustments commonly applied to spoke shaves.

I do not claim the manner of fastening the knife, viz, by a single-screw clamp, chamfers and sockets as described, but what I do claim is —

Supporting the ends of the knife on planes or shoulders inclined or arranged with respect to the bearing surface of the stock substantially in manner as specified, and so as to enable the distance of the cutting edge of the knife from the said bearing surface to be changed in the way and for the purpose as explained.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature this sixteenth day of October A. D. 1855.

ELIJAH HOLMES.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 13,381 – Plane Scraper (Leonard Bailey) (1855)

[paiddownloads id=”24″]13957

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF WINCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE-SCRAPER.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 13,381, dated August 7, 1855.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Winchester, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Plane-Scraper; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, letters, figures, and references thereof.

Of such drawings, Figure 1, is a side elevation, while Fig. 2, denotes a central vertical and longitudinal section of my improved tool or invention.

In such drawings, A, represents a plane stock or bed which may be constructed of metal and have a handle, B, extended from and above it. The bed is provided with a throat or opening, C, for the scraper or plane cutter D, to pass through, and over this throat and hinged or jointed to the stock (as seen at, x, Fig. 1) so that it may be turned in a direction, either toward or away from the handle, B, is a plate, E, embraced by a screw stirrup or clamp, F, having some equivalent contrivance for fastening the scraper to it.

A forked arm G, is jointed to the upper part of the rear side of the plate, E, and is provided with a female screw, a, for the reception of a male adjusting screw, b, which should be so applied to the top of handle, B, as to be immovable with respect thereto except being rotated in a transverse direction.

For this purpose the rod is provided with a journal, d, extending through a projection, I, having rollers, e, f, arranged on opposite sides of the said projection as seen in the drawings.

The movable plate and its screw clamp may be termed the holder of the scraper or plane iron. By means of the adjusting screw the inclination of the scraper to the lower surface of the bed or stock may be adjusted as occasion may require it often being desirable to accomplish this result in order to prepare the tool for a correct performance of its duty — the same depending on the particular kind or character of the wood on which we may wish to employ it — the specific object of such tool being to scrape or pare down the surface of such wood.

As the turning points of the cutter holder, are arranged a short distance above the bottom surface of the stock (as seen at, x, in Fig. 1) it will be observed that any movement of the holder on such points, will either elevate or depress the lower edge of the cutter scraper. Thus by means of the adjusting screws or mechanism, the fineness of the cut of the scraper may be modified.

The utility and advantage of a scraper or smoothing plane constructed in the above described improved form must be evident to a skilful workman on inspection of it.

I claim —

Combining the scraper or plane cutter with the stock by means of the movable holder and its adjusting mechanism substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my signature this eleventh day of July A. D. 1855.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 12,787 – Bench Plane Stock (George E. Davis) (1855)

[paiddownloads id=”23″]12787

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEO. E. DAVIS, OF LOWELL MASSACHUSETTS.

BENCH-PLANE STOCK.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 12,787, dated May 1, 1855.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE E. DAVIS, of Lowell, county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful iron plane-stock and a new method of attaching the cutting-irons to the stocks to be used by carpenters and woodworkmen generally to be used and adopted instead of the old wood plane, molding and other tools which have been heretofore used; and I hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the manner of making and using the same, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and letters of reference marked thereon, in which —

Figure 1, denotes a perspective view. Fig. 2, a longitudinal and vertical section through the center of the same.

The nature of my invention consists in constructing the main body of planes, molding tools, &c., of metal, which being very thin, presents little or no impediment to the shavings passing out as they are cut from the wood, using an iron or wood handle attached to these planes. By means of the lower portion of the plane stock thus made, the hand of the operator is very near the face of the plane when it is used and consequently equally near the face of the stock which is being dressed. And my invention further consists in securing the cutting irons to the iron or other plane or tool stock, by means of a single screw (instead of the old chip) which screw secures both the cap and the cutting iron together, and both of them to the iron tool or plane stock, and by forming a lip in the back part of the throat so as to fill it and thus give a smooth even surface to the face of the plane, all as hereafter described.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

I construct a malleable iron plane stock as seen at A, A, of the drawings, to this stock I attach a handle which may be made of iron or wood as seen at B, and this is attached to the plane stock by the screw H. On the upper side of the plane stock I form a projection as seen at C at each side of which is formed, a projection as seen at G, so as to receive the cutting iron, which differs from all other plane irons in being constructed and attached to the plane as follows, both the cutting iron D and the cap E being secured to each other and to the plane stock G one screw as seen at F which is effected by forming an oblong slot in the cutting iron about one inch long, and wide enough to receive the screw, and through which the screw passes, this slot being for the purpose of receiving this screw, and also of allowing the cutting iron to be moved down as it wears in using, in the throat of the plane immediately back of the cutting iron, I form a lip as seen at I, so as to fill the recess caused by the bevel on the edge of the plane iron in the ordinary plane, thereby preventing its catching, and filling with portions of wood, as it is used, and presenting a smooth surface to the wood.

At J can be seen the “start” which is for the purpose of starting the iron back or upwards when desired.

To use my invention of improved plane I first set the proper edge upon the cutting iron, then place this iron into its position in the plane stock then properly place the cap in its position upon the cutting iron, and then place the screw F in its position and turn it to a bearing, by a screw driver or otherwise and the plane is ready for use.

This same description will answer for the single cutting iron, excepting the description of the cap, the use of molding tools being similar to the previous description for planes.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as my invention and wish to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The metal plane stocks having a formation of a lip I in the back part of its throat so as to fill the recess which would otherwise be below the level of the cutting irons so as to present a continuous smooth surface to the plane excepting the edge of the cutting irons and throat forward of them, for the outward passage of the shavings essentially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

GEO. E. DAVIS.

Witnesses:
R. N. HAYDEN,
JAMES WILSON.

No. 8,796 – Double Plane Iron (Fordyce Beals) (1852)

[paiddownloads id=”10″]8796

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FORDYCE BEALS, OF PITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

DOUBLE-PLANE IRON.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 8,796, dated March 16, 1852.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FORDYCE BEALS, of Pittsfield, in the county of Berkshire, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Double-Plane Irons; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference thereon, it being a part of this specification, in which —

A is the iron, C a section of the cap, and B a dovetail slide or projection of cap.

The nature of my invention consists in an improved arrangement for connecting and adjusting the cap to the iron.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

I construct my plane irons of any desired width, thickness, or form, with the following exceptions: In the place of a screw bolt as now used I substitute a dovetail slide formed by an oblong projection with beveled edges, either forged, screwed, or riveted or fastened in some feasible way to inside of cap, as shown at B in accompanying drawings, this projection being placed in the slot made in iron, as shown at B, of corresponding width, and edges of corresponding angle or bevel brings the cap with ease and accuracy to a parallel position with iron and obviates the necessity of a bolthead or projection of any kind on the back side of iron.

Also my improvement consists in an elongation of a portion of the cap to the length or to nearly the length of the iron, the elongation being wholly upon one edge and nearly half the entire width, as shown at C in drawing. To make this arrangement convenient I remove a portion of the iron from the slot upward (the iron being in a working position) the entire thickness and one half or near one half its width, thus giving place for the elongated part of cap as shown at C.

I disclaim all contrivances, arrangements, or forms of cap or iron which together compose a double iron now in general use.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

The new and improved mode of fastening and adjusting the cap to the iron by means of a projection and slot forming a dovetail slide giving new facilities for the operation; and also a level surface to the back of the iron; also the elongation of part of the width of the cap and its occupying the place of a removed part of iron, giving the operator new facilities in nicely adjusting cap to edge of iron without removing it from the stack, the same as herein described using for the purpose the aforesaid arrangements of parts or any other substantially the same and which will produce the same effects in like manner.

FORDYCE BEALS.

Witnesses:

JULIUS ROCKWELL,
JAMES D. COLTER.

No. 8,503 – Bench Hand Plane (Benjamin F. Bee) (1851)

[paiddownloads id=”7″]8503

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

BENJAMIN F. BEE, OF HARWICH, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE FOR FINISHING GROOVES IN PATTERNS &c.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 8,503, dated November 11, 1851.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN F. BEE, of Harwich, in the county of Barnstable, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and Improved Mode of Confining and Adjusting the Irons of Carpenters’ Planes and Molding Tools; and I do hereby declare that the following is an exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in introducing upon each side, in the throat of carpenters planes — (in molding tools in the center of throat) a metallic plate movable perpendicularly to the plane of the iron or cap: the two plates being connected by a metallic bar on which pressure may be produced by a lever, containing an adjusting screw acting upon the principle of the cam, by which screw the pressure upon the iron may be increased or diminished :– the foregoing apparatus to be used in connection with a set screw placed at the back of the iron, the head of the screw working in a slot near the top of the iron by which the iron may be adjusted with ease and delicacy, and retained in its position after adjustment.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation:

I construct my plane in any of the known forms, with the exception of removing from the throat, that portion of wood usually left for obtaining the action of the wedge upon the iron. I introduce on each side of the throat, into grooves adapted to the purpose, a metallic plate as shown at A, in the accompanying drawings. These plates are perforated near the upper edge by a rectangular hole, through which by means of an oblong mortise leading from the side of the plane stock, I place a metallic bar B, of such length as to reach to the outside of each plate, and of such strength as to sustain the amount of pressure necessary, to confine the iron firmly to the stock. This pressure I produce by the lever C, turning upon the pin D, as a fulcrum, containing the set screw E, acting on the principle of the cam; by which the pressure may be graduated at the will of the operator, according to the circumstances of the several parts.

In molding tools but one of these plates are necessary, the screw E, acting directly upon the upper edge of the plate A. When the rectangular bar B, and the pin D, have been put in their respective places they are retained there, and kept from exposure by a metallic plate, or disk, secured to the stock by screws or otherwise.

In connection with the aforesaid apparatus, I use the set screw F, working in the nut G, placed at the back of the iron; the head of this screw being of such size and shape, as to project through a slot H, near the upper end of the iron, by means of which the iron I may be adjusted to any degree of rankness, and retained in its position after such adjustment.

Whenever the operator would remove the iron from the stock, for the purpose of sharpening, clearing, or whatever else; he places his thumb upon the knob K, by drawing which toward the fulcrum of the lever, the sliding catch L, is released from the dog M; the iron is then liable to be withdrawn, by raising the upper end, so as to clear it of the set screw F. The iron may be returned to its place by a counter process, and confined there by pressing upon the knob K, in such a manner, as to force the catch L, under the dog M; retaining the same degree of rankness as before removal, abating whatever may have been whetted or ground away, and susceptible of any subsequent adjustment by means of the set screw F.

What I claim as my invention, and derise to secure by Letters Patent; is —

The application to carpenters’ planes, and molding tools, of a new method of confining the iron, by a metallic apparatus, acting upon the principles of the lever and cam; in combination with the set screw for adjusting the same, as herein described; using for the purpose, the aforesaid contrivance or arrangement of parts, or any other substantially the same, and which will produce the same effects in like manner.

BENJAMIN F. BEE.

Witnesses:
WM. H. UNDERWOOD,
STEPHEN C. ELLIS.