Tag: New Britain

No. 555,228 – Spokeshave And Rabbet-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1896)

[paiddownloads id=”524″]555228

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

SPOKESHAVE AND RABBET-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 555,228, dated February 25, 1896.
Application filed May 31, 1895. Serial No. 551,085. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Spokeshaves and Rabbet-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, but more particularly to interchangeable spokeshaves and rabbet-planes, and the object of the invention is to provide in one device a tool commonly known as a “spokeshave” adapted to work upon forms of curved or irregular shape, and a plane commonly known as a “rabbet-plane” adapted to shave or plane rabbets in work of irregular or curved shape, and especially for working within a curved rim upon the side of a disk or plate.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved device in connection with the interchangeable spokeshave and rabbet-plane for regulating or gaging the depth of the cut or shave to be made when the device is used as a rabbet-plane.

A further object of the invention is to also provide an implement or tool, simple and durable in construction, and which will not get out of order in the use thereof, and which is adapted, by means of its particular construction, to work with great accuracy upon many classes of material other than spokes, although the tool is ordinarily termed a “spokeshave.”

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a view of the interchangeable tool when used as a spokeshave, showing the open side or chamber of the stock and also showing a part thereof in section. Fig. 2 is a view of the device at right angles to the view shown in Fig. 1 and having one of the handles thereof removed. Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the stock in line a a, Fig. 1, looking toward the left-hand end thereof. Fig. 4 is a view of the interchangeable tool when used as a rabbet-plane and showing it in working position on the rim of a piece of work and also showing the gage in adjusted position to regulate the depth of the shave or cut. Fig. 5 is a detached view of the cutting-knife or bit. Fig. 6 is an end view thereof. Fig, 7 is a view of the gaging device detached from the tool. Fig. 8 is an end view thereof; and Fig. 9 is a partly-sectional view taken in line b b, Fig. 3, for more clearly illustrating the recess 13.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the different figures.

In the preferred form thereof herein shown and described the tool or implement consists of a stock, (designated in a general way by 50,) and is preferably made of metal and of approximately cylindrical shape, whereby it is more especially adapted for work on curved or irregular surfaces.

The stock 50 is cut out or recessed to form a suitable chamber 10 and a concaved seat 11, adapted to contain and support the bit hereinafter described. Extending from end to end of the stock is a suitable slot 12, forming the mouth thereof, and which slot communicates with the interior chambered part of the stock, the lower wall of said slot forming an extension of the concaved seat 11. The interior end walls a and b of the stock are likewise recessed or cut out, as at 13, adjacent to the lower portion of the concaved seat and the mouth of the stock (see Fig. 3) to prevent the clogging of the chips between the knife and the stock.

Seated within the chamber of the stock is a bit (designated generally as 15) of any desired shape and construction suitable for the purpose for which it is to be used, and, as shown in the preferred form thereof, the bit consists of a concave-convex plate, having a shank 16 adapted to fit between the interior end walls a and b of the stock, and a blade 17 projecting beyond the sides of said shank (see Fig. 5) and adapted to work in the slotted ends of the walls and in the mouth of the stock, and extends from end to end or slightly beyond the outer end walls of the stock. (See Fig. 2.)

The convex portion 18 of the shank of the bit is seated in the concaved seat of the chamber, and is adjustably clamped therein by means of a suitable clamping or holding concavo-convex plate 19 and locking devices, preferably binding-screws 20, which project through the elongated slots 21 in the bit and extend into the screw-threaded recesses in the concaved wall of the stock. (See Fig. 1.) By tightening or loosening the binding-screws 20, extending through the elongated slots of the bit, the cutting-edge of the bit can be adjusted in the mouth of the stock to any desired position to adapt it for the work to be done. The outer wall of the approximately cylindrical stock adjacent to the mouth thereof is beveled or flattened to form the sole 22 of the stock.

The stock is provided with suitable handles 30 and 31, removably secured to the stock in any suitable way, and, as shown, the end walls of the stock are provided with suitable screw-threaded apertures into which threaded studs 23, attached to the ends of the handles, are adapted to be screwed, so that when it is desired to use the tool as a rabbet-plane or on work that requires only the use of one of the handles the opposite handle to the one to be used can be quickly and easily removed and the device used either as a spoheshave with one handle or as a rabbet-plane. (See Figs. 2 and 4.)

The particular construction of the stock and the bit, as hereinbefore set forth, in which the ends of the bit project to or slightly beyond the outer end walls of the stock, which end walls form plane bearing-faces, adapts the tool to be used as a rabbet-plane on the removal of one of the handles.

In order to regulate the depth of shave or cut of the bit when the tool is used as a rabbet-plane, a suitable gage or gaging device (designated generally as 35) of a construction adapted for the purpose to which it is to be used is provided and adjustably secured to the stock of the plane.

The gaging device, in the preferred form thereof herein shown, comprises two segmental arms 38, adapted to partially encircle the cylindrical stock and the cutting-edge of the bit, and preferably extends beyond the sole of the stock, (see Fig. 2,) each segmental arm 36, together with suitable means for adjustably securing the same to the stock — such, for instance, substantially as hereinafter set forth-constituting an independent gage for use adjacent to each end of the stock. These segmental arms 36 are preferably integrally united at their inner ends to a sliding bar or member 37, adapted to work in a groove or recess 38 in the outer wall of the cylindrical stock, by means of an elongated slot 39, through which a binding-screw 40 projects into a screw-threaded aperture in the stock. This elongated slot 39 may be of any desired length to permit the gage to be adjusted to any desired position on the stock. For instance, the slot may be extended the entire length of the sliding bar 37, if desired, to permit the tool to shave a recess in a piece of work. of a depth practically the length of the stock.

This improved device for regulating the depth of cut or shave, when the tool is used as a rabbet-plane, not only constitutes a gage but also constitutes a means for protecting the corners of the cutter when the device is used as a spokeshave; but it is obvious that, although the tool is ordinarily designated in the art as a “spokeshave,” the spoke class of work forms but a small percentage of the work upon which the tool may be used. Hence, While the gage acts to regulate the depth of cut, as above stated, when the tool, with one of its handles removed, is used as a rabbet-plane, it is also useful and necessary in connection with the device when used for other purposes than as a rabbet-plane. For instance, if desired to use both handles with the tool, and a groove or recess is to be formed in the straight edge of a board or other material, the gage might be set, as indicated at Fig. 4; or when a certain width of shave is necessary the gage can be adjusted to regulate that width, while at the same time using both handles; or when that portion of the cutter between the ends thereof is used on fine work the gaging device can be adjusted to permit one of its arms to run along the side of the board or other material and thereby act as a guide to prevent the slipping off of the tool.

From the above it will be obvious that the tool can be used as a spokeshave, as a rabbet-plane, or as a tool for many other classes of work, and when the tool is used as an ordinary spokeshave for use on spokes the gage is usually set by means of its elongated slot 39 and binding-screw 40 into the position shown in Fig. 2, and, if desired, both handles attached to the stock. When the tool is to be used for other classes of work, where it is preferably desired to use both handles, the gage is adjusted to the desired position to act as a gage or guide in accordance with the work to be done, whether that portion of the cutter adjacent to one of the outer ends or that portion of the cutter intermediate of its ends is to be used. When, however, the tool is to be used as a rabbet-plane to shave or cut a rabbet of a depth — as, for instance, shown in the work in Fig.4 — one or the other of the handles, 30 or 31, of the tool is removed according to the position of the work to be operated upon, the gage set to the position desired, and the tool is then ready for use.

By having the bit seated in the interior of the stock not only a better appearance is presented but a more rigid and firm seat is formed for the bit, and the same can be more evenly adjusted with relation to the work to be operated upon, while the chamber also forms a means for conducting the chips or shavings of the work that get between the knife edge and the mouth of the stock away from the knife edge and thereby prevents clogging thereof.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. A tool of the class specified, consisting of an appronimately-cylindrical stock, whereby it is adapted to work on curved or irregular surfaces, having its end wall forming a plane bearing-face; a bit joined thereto, and having part of its cutting-blade extending to the plane of such face, whereby it is adapted to cut at the end of said stock.

2. A tool of the class specified, consisting of a chambered stock having its end wall forming a plane bearing-face, and having a mouth; a bit secured in said chamber, and having a part of its cutting-blade extending to the plane of such face, whereby it is adapted to out at the end of said stock.

3. A tool of the class specified, consisting of a chambered, approximately-cylindrical stock having its end walls forming plane bearing-faces, and having a mouth; a bit clamped in the chamber of said stock, and having its cutting-edge adjacent to said month, and having a part of its cutting-blade extending to the planes of such faces, whereby it is adapted to cut at the ends of said stock.

4. ln a tool of the class described, the combination with a chambered, approximately-cylindrical stock, the end walls thereof forming plane bearing-faces, and having a mouth extending from end to end of said stock and substantially adjacent to the plane bearing-faces thereof; of a bit adjustably clamped in the chamber of said stock, and having its cutting-blade of substantially the same length as the mouth of said stock.

5. In a tool of the class described, the combination with a chambered, approximately-cylindrical stock, the end walls thereof forming plane bearing-faces, and having a mouth extending from end to end thereof and substantially adjacent to such plane faces; of a bit adjustably clamped in the chamber of said stock, and having its cutting-blade of substantially the same length as the mouth of said stock; and a gage adjustably secured to said stock.

6. A tool of the class specified, consisting of an approximately-cylindrical stock, whereby it is adapted to work on curved or irregular surfaces, and having its end wall forming a plane bearing-face; a bit joined to the stock, and having a part of its cutting-blade extending to the plane of such face, whereby it is adapted to cut at the end of said stock; and a gage joined to said stock.

7. A tool of the class specified, consisting of a stock having both of its end walls forming plane bearing-faces; a bit joined to the stock, and having a part of its cutting-blade adjacent to each end thereof extending to the planes of such faces, whereby it is adapted to cut at either end of said stock.

8. In a tool of the class specified, the combination of an approximately-cylindrical stock, whereby it is adapted for work on curved or irregular surfaces, the end walls thereof forming plane bearing-faces; a bit adjustably clamped to the stock, and having its cutting-blade extending to the planes of such faces, whereby it is adapted to cut the ends of said stock; and handles removably secured to the ends of said stock, whereby the tool can be used as a spokeshave or as a rabbet-plane.

9. In a tool of the class specified, the combination of an approximately-cylindrical stock, whereby it is adapted for work on curved or irregular surfaces, the end walls of said stock forming plane bearing-faces; a bit adjustably clamped to the stock, and having its cutting-blade extending to the planes of such faces, whereby it is adapted to cut at the ends of said stock; a gage adjustably secured to said stock; and handles removably secured to the ends of said stock, whereby the tool can be used as a spokeshave or as a rabbet-plane.

10. In a tool of the class specified, the combination with a chambered, approximately-cylindrical stock, the end walls of which form plane bearing-faces, and having a mouth extending from end to end thereof; of a bit adjustably clamped in the chamber of said stock, and having its cutting-blade extending substantially adjacent to the planes of such faces;
and removable handles provided with screw-threaded studs adapted to enter screw-threaded apertures in the ends of the stock, whereby the tool can be used as a spokeshave or as a rabbet-plane.

11. In a tool of the class specified, the combination with a chambered, approximately-cylindrical stock, the end walls of which form plane bearing-faces, and having a mouth extending from end to end thereof, and also having a longitudinal recess in its exterior face; of a bit adjustably clamped in the chamber of said stock, and having its blade extending substantially adjacent to the planes of such faces; handles removably secured to the ends of said stock, whereby the tool can be used as a spoke-shave or as a rabbet-plane; and a gage adjustably secured to said stock, and adapted to slide in said longitudinal recess, and regulate the depth of the shave of the tool.

12. In a tool of the class specified, the combination with a chambered, approximately-cylindrical stock, the end walls thereof forming plane bearing-faces, and having a mouth extending from end to end thereof; of a bit adjustably clamped in the chamber of said stock, and having its blade extending substantially adjacent to the planes of such faces; handles removably secured to the ends of said stock, whereby the tool can be used as a spokeshave or as a rabbet-plane; and a gaging device consisting of projecting arms and a sliding bar secured thereto, and adjustably secured to and adapted to slide on said stock to regulate the depth of the shave of the tool.

13. ln a tool of the class specified, the combination with a chambered, approximately-cylindrical stock, the end walls thereof forming plane bearing-faces, and having a mouth extending from end to end thereof; of a bit adjustably clamped in the chamber of the stock, and having its blade extending substantially adjacent to the planes of such faces; handles removably secured to the ends of said stock, whereby the tool can be used as a spoke-shave or as a rabbet-plane; and a gaging device comprising segmental arms, and a sliding bar secured thereto having an elongated slot therein; and means for adjustably securing said gaging device by means of its elongated slot to the stock to permit the same to be adjusted to regulate the depth of the shave of the tool.

14. In a tool of the class specified, the combination with a chambered, approximately-cylindrical stock, the end walls of which form plane bearing-faces, and having a concaved seat therein, and a mouth extending from end to end of said stock, and also having a longitudinal recess on its exterior face; of a concavo-convex bit adapted to be adjustably clamped onto the concaved seat in the chamber of said stock, the blade of said bit extending substantially adjacent to the planes of such faces; handles removably secured to the ends of said stock, whereby the tool can be used as a spokeshave or as a rabbet-plane; a sliding bar adapted to slide in said exterior recess of the stock, and having an elongated slot therein; means for adjustably securing said bar in said recess, and segmental arms secured to said bar, and adapted to partially encircle said cylindrical stock, and adapted to regulate the depth of the shave of the tool.

15. In a tool of the class specified, the combination with a chambered, approximately-cylindrical stock, the end walls thereof forming plane bearing-faces, and having a mouth extending from end to end thereof, of a bit adjustably clamped in the chamber of said stock, and having its blade extending substantially adjacent to the planes of such faces; handles removably secured to the ends of said stock, whereby the tool can be used as a spoke-shave or as a rabbet-plane; and means adjustably secured to said stock for regulating the depth of the shave of the tool.

16. In a tool of the class specified, the combination with a chambered, approximately-cylindrical stock, the end walls of which form plane bearing-faces, and having a mouth extending from end to end thereof, and also having a flattened sole adjacent to said mouth; of a bit adjustably clamped in the chamber of said stock, the shank thereof engaging the interior end walls of the stock, and the blade thereof extending substantially adjacent to the planes of such faces, and handles removably secured to the ends of said stock, whereby the tool can be used as a spokeshave or as a rabbet-plane.

17. In a tool of the class specified, the combination of a stock; the end wall thereof forming a plane bearing-face; a bit joined to the stock, and having a part of its cutting-blade extending to the plane of such face, whereby it is adapted to cut at the end of said stock; a gage secured in position to regulate the depth of the cut of the tool; and a handle removably secured to the end of said stock, whereby the tool can be used as a spokeshave or as a rabbet-plane.

18. In a tool of the class specified, the combination of an approximately-cylindrical stock, whereby it is adapted for work on curved or irregular surfaces, the end walls thereof forming plane bearing-faces; a bit clamped to the stock, and having a part of its cutting-blade extending to the planes of such faces, whereby it is adapted to cut at the ends of said stock; and a gage consisting of a segmental arm having a bar secured thereto having an elongated slot; and means for securing said gage by means of its elongated slot to the stock, whereby it can be adjusted relatively to said stock.

19. In a tool of the class described, the combination with a chambered , approximately-cylindrical stock, the end walls thereof forming plane bearing-faces; and having a concaved seat therein and a mouth extending from end to end of said stock, and substantially adjacent to the plane bearing-faces thereof; of a concave-convex bit adjustably clamped in the chamber of said stock and onto said concaved seat, and having its cutting-blade of substantially the same length as the mouth of said stock ; and a clamping device for adjustably clamping said bit onto the concaved seat of the chamber of the stock.

20. In a tool of the class specified, the combination of a stock, the end wall thereof forming a plane bearing-face; a bit joined to the stock, and having a part of its cutting-blade extending to the plane of such face, whereby it is adapted to cut at the end of such stock; and a handle removably secured to the end of said stock, whereby the tool can be used as a spokeshave or as a rabbet-plane.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
ROBT. N. PECK.

No. 553,879 – Scraping-Tool (Justus A. Traut) (1896)

[paiddownloads id=”522″]553879

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN , CONNECTICUT.

SCRAPING-TOOL.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 553,879, dated February 4, 1896.
Application filed August 9, 1895. Serial No. 558,774. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Scraping-Tools, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to scraping-tools, adapted to be used for scraping or smoothing wooden surfaces — such, for instance, as surfaces of hard-wood or inlaid floors — and for other analogous purposes.

The object of my present invention is to furnish a simple, durable, and effective scraping-tool for the purpose above specified, and by means of which the scraping or smoothing of wooden surfaces may be executed with greater accuracy than is possible with the ordinary scraping-blade alone when used by hand, as heretofore common, and whereby the operation of scraping may be facilitated and rendered less tiresome to the workman.

In the operation of scraping wooden surfaces, as heretofore practiced, by means of a metal scraper-blade held in the hand, considerable difficulty has been experienced in holding the blade against the wooden surface with a uniform pressure from end to end of said blade, and to hold the blade at the required angle to secure good results and uniformity in work.

One of the chief objects of my present invention is to produce a scraping-tool that the ordinary workman may successfully manipulate and readily use in the operation of scraping or smoothing wooden surfaces, and to so construct and organize the parts of the scraping-tool that the scraper-blade may be adjusted and held at any desired angle relative to the plane of the surface being operated upon, and may be maintained at this angle during the entire operation without the exercise of skill upon the part of the workman, and whereby considerable power may be applied without material fatigue to the workman.

In the preferred form thereof herein shown and described my improved scraping-tool comprises a scraper-blade holder or frame embodying a clamp for holding a scraper-blade of said frame, a scraper-blade removably carried on said frame, a handle-bar or cross-bar preferably removably secured to the scraper-blade holder and having its ends projected beyond opposite ends of said holder, and a runner or tilting device preferably adjustably secured to the scraper-blade holder at an inclination to the scraper-blade holder and adapted for adjusting the blade to any desired angle relatively to any surface it is desired to operate upon.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan view of a scraping-tool embodying my present invention. Fig. 2 is a front view of said scraper-tool as seen from the left hand in Fig. 4. Fig. 3 is a rear view of said scraper-tool as seen from the right hand in Fig. 4. Figs. 4 and 5 are end views, respectively, of the scraper-tool as seen from the right hand in Fig. 3 and showing, respectively, two different positions of the holder and scraper-blade relatively to a surface upon which the tool is supported. Fig. 6 is a rear view, similar to Fig. 3, of the scraper-blade holder and handle-bar with the adjusting-support, scraper-blade, and clamp-screws removed. Figs. 7 and 3 are side and edge views, respectively, of the scraper-blade detached.

Similar characters represent like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

The scraper-blade holder (designated in a general way by B) will usually consist of a rigid metal bearing-plate 2, having a plane inner face, which forms a bearing for the scraper-blade, and having a recess 3 in the outer face thereof, which forms a seat for the handle-bar H, which is seated in said recess, and is removably secured in place by means of a screw 4, which extends through the bearing-plate 2, as shown most clearly in Fig. 6 of the drawings.

The scraper-blade holder embodies a blade-clamp, which, in the preferred form thereof herein shown, comprises two depending clamp-arms 6 and 7, which are preferably formed integrally with the bearing-plate 2, one near each side edge of said plate, as shown most clearly in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, of the drawings. These depending arms overlap the plate 2 near the upper edge thereof, and have their inner bearing-faces slightly remote from, and in parallelism with, the adjacent bearing-face of the plate 2, as will be understood by reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings, the connecting portions 6’ and 7’, between the upper edge of the guiding-plate 2 and arms 6 and 7, forming abutments against which the upper edge of the scraper-blade S may abut for holding said scraper-blade against accidental vertical movement when in place between the depending clamp-arms and the bearing-face of the plate 2.

If desired, the clamp-arms 6 and 7 may be made resilient, and impinge the scraper-blade sufficiently to hold the same in place in the holder without the employment of clamp-screws; but for the purpose of positively holding the scraper-blade S in the holder B, I have shown the clamp-arms 6 and 7, provided with set-screws 8 and 9, respectively, which extend through screw-threaded holes in said clamp-arms, as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 in dotted line, and bear at their inner ends against the face of the scraper-blade S.

I do not limit myself to the particular construction of holder illustrated in the drawings, as the construction thereof may be modified within the scope and limits of my invention.

The scraper-blade S, which will usually be a flat sheet-metal plate, will preferably be slightly oblong in form, and will have the scraping edge beveled, as shown at 10, said blade being slightly greater in width transversely of its scraping edge than the distance between the abutments 6′ and 7′ and the lower edge of the bearing-plate 2 of the holder B, so that the scraping edge of the blade will project slightly beyond the lower edge of said holder.

As a convenient means for supporting the holder H and the blade S in the proper working position relatively to the surface (designated by the horizontal line C, Figs. 4 and 5) to be operated upon, and with the scraper-blade at the desired inclination or angle relatively to said surface, I have provided a support or runner, (designated in a general way by R,) which will preferably be adjustably secured to the scraper-blade holder B, so as to be capable of adjustment transversely of the plane of the scraping edge of the scraper-blade. This support or runner R, which may be referred to herein as the “adjusting-support,” is herein shown consisting of a rod or bar 12, carrying a roller 13 at the lower end thereof, adapted for resting upon the surface being scraped. This roller is shown carried between arms 14 and 14’ at the lower end of the bar 12, as shown most clearly in Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 5 of the drawings.

As a convenient means for adjustably securing the adjusting-support to the holder H at the proper inclination relatively to said holder and the blade carried thereby, I have shown the holder with a boss or bearing 15, formed at the upper edge thereof, approximately midway between the two clamp-arms 6 and 7, as will be understood by reference to Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, of the drawings. This boss has a recess 16 formed therethrough, the axis of which intersects the plane of the bearing-face of the plate 2 of the holder, which recess is adapted to receive and permit a longitudinal sliding movement of the bar 12 of the adjusting-support. The degree of inclination of the recess 16 relatively to the plane of the scraper-blade carried in the holder will, of course, depend largely upon the requirements of the trade, the angle being herein shown as approximately one of thirty degrees, which I have found most convenient for general use.

As a means for adjustably securing the adjusting-support R in the bearing 15, and as a means for holding the same against rotation, I have shown the bar 12 of said support having one flat portion 18, and have shown the recess 16 of a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of said bar, the bar being held in adjustable position in the bearing preferably by means of a set-screw 19, which extends through the boss or bearing 15 and bears at its inner end against the flat side of the bar 12 of said adjusting-support.

It will be obvious that the means for adjustably securing the adjusting-support R to the holder and the particular construction of said means and support may be variously modided without departure from my invention.

The handle-bar H is herein shown extended beyond the side of the holder B and provided with handles or knobs 20 and 20′ at opposite ends thereof, which may be grasped by the workman when manipulating a scraper-tool. This handle is made removable, so as to enable the workman to detach the same from the scraper-blade holder when it is desired to use the tool for scraping corners, &c.

When it is desired to change the inclination of the scraper-blade S relatively to a surface, as C, it is simply necessary to loosen the set-screw 19, which clamps the bar 12 of the adjusting-support R, and slide said bar upward or downward longitudinally in the bearing 15, and secure the same in adjusted position by said set-screw 19, which will increase or decrease the angle of the scraper blade and holder relatively to said surface, as will readily be understood by comparison of Figs. at and 5 of the drawings.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. A scraping-tool comprehending a scraper-blade holder and a runner adjustably connected together at their upper ends for adjustment, one relatively to the other, in an intersecting plane, and diverging from their points of connection toward their opposite, lower ends; and a scraper-blade removably carried by the holder with its scraping edge extending below the lower end of the holder.

2. A scraping-tool comprehending a scraper-blade holder and a runner adjustably connected together at their upper ends for adjustment, one relatively to the other, in an intersecting plane, and diverging from their points of connection toward their opposite, lower ends; a scraper-blade removably carried by the holder with its scraping edge extending below the lower end of the holder; and a handle-bar secured to the holder with its longitudinal axis in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the scraping edge of the scraper-blade.

3. In a scraping-tool, the combination with a scraper-blade holder having a scraper-blade supporting-face, substantially as described, and having an inclined transverse bearing at the upper end thereof; and an adjusting-support having a member adjustably carried in said bearing at an inclination to the plane of the supporting-face of said holder, substantially as described.

4. The combination with a scraper-blade holder having a scraper-blade clamp, and also having an inclined fixed bearing at the upper end thereof; of a scraper removably secured to said holder; and an adjusting-support having a bar shiftably carried in the bearing on the scraper-blade holder at a fixed inclination to the plane of the scraper-blade, and also having its lower end remote from, and in alignment with, the scraping edge of the scraper-blade, whereby the scraper-blade may be supported on the surface at an inclination to said surface, and whereby the degree of said inclination may be changed.

5. In a scraping-tool, the combination of a scraper-blade holder having a scraper-blade supporting-face, substantially as described, and also having a fixed bearing at the upper end thereof, which is inclined to the plane of the supporting-face; a supporting-bar adjustably carried in the bearing on said holders with its longitudinal axis intersecting, and at an inclination to, the plane of the supporting-face and scraper-blade holder; and a set-screw extending through one side of said bearing, and engaging the supporting-bar for holding said bar in adjusted position relatively to the holder, substantially as described.

6. In a scraping-tool, the combination of a scraper-blade holder having a scraper-blade supporting-face, substantially as described, and also having a non-circular supporting-bar receiving bearing at the upper edge thereof, the axis of which is transversely disposed and inclined relatively, to the scraper-blade holder; and a cross-sectional, non-circular supporting-bar shiftably carried in said bearing with its axis at an inclination to the plane of the supporting-face of the scraper-blade holder, and having a roller at the lower end thereof.

7. In a scraping-tool, the combination of a scraper-blade holder having a scraper-blade supporting-face, substantially as described, and also having an inclined transverse bearing at the upper edge thereof; a supporting-bar shiftably supported in said bearing at an inclination to the plane of the supporting-face of said holder; means for clamping the supporting-bar in adjusted position in said bearing; a roller carried at the lower end of said supporting-bar remote from the lower edge of the holder; a scraper-blade removably supported upon the supporting-face of the holder; a clamp carried by the holder and engaging the scraper-blade; and a handle-bar removably carried on a scraper-blade holder with its longitudinal axis in parallelism with the scraping edge of the scraper-blade.

8. A scraping-tool, comprising a scraper-blade holder and an adjusting-support adjustably secured together at their upper ends at a fixed inclination relatively to one another, and with their lower edges in alignment with, and remote from, each other; a scraper-blade removably carried by the scraper-blade holder; means for adjustably clamping the scraper-blade upon said holder; and a handle-bar removably secured to the scraper-blade-holder with its longitudinal axis in parallelism with the scraping edge of the scraper-blade.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
CHAS. B. STANLEY,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 553,322 – Miter Or Bevel Plane (Justus A. Traut And Edmund A. Schade) (1896)

[paiddownloads id=”521″]553322

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
ASSIGNORS TO THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

MITER OR BEVEL PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 553,322, dated January 21, 1896.
Application filed October 1, 1895. Serial No. 564,327. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and EDMUND A. SCHADE, citizens of the (United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Miter or Bevel Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, more particularly of that class designated as “miter” or “bevel” planes; and the object of the invention is to provide an improved plane of this class more especially adapted for work on moldings and similar materials, whereby the same can be properly planed to permit the same to be joined with a miter or bevel joint, as desired.

The further object of the invention is to provide adjustable means in connection with and preferably embodied in the adjusting or gaging means whereby said adjustable means can be adjusted and held in engagement with the stock of the plane at whatever angle the gaging or adjusting means maybe positioned, to thereby constitute at all times a support for the material, whether the gaging means be adjusted in position adjacent to the plane-stock or not, and also to provide means in connection with such adjustable means whereby when the same is in engagement with the stock of the plane the projecting plane-iron will not strike the same, on the movement of the plane in either direction.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a top view of my improved miter or bevel plane, and showing a piece of work in position to have one of its ends cut at an angle of forty-five degrees, whereby, in connection with a similar molding it will form a miter-joint. Fig. 2 is a front view of the miter or bevel plane, showing the plane proper drawn away from the work. Fig. 3 is also a top view, parts thereof being broken away, and shows the gaging or adjusting means disposed at an angle of about eighty degrees relatively to the race or guideway of the plane, and also shows, in dotted lines, the adjustable means in connection with the gaging device for supporting the material in its position adjacent to the stock of the plane, and Fig. 4 is a transverse partly-sectional view, in line a a, Fig. 1, looking toward the right hand in said figure.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

Our improved miter or bevel plane, in the preferred form thereof herein shown and described, comprises a suitable supporting means or base (designated in a general way by A) for supporting a suitable plane (designated in a general way by B) adapted to be moved to and fro thereon, a suitable adjustable gaging or adjusting means (designated in a general way by C) for supporting the work at any desired angular position relatively to the plane B, and adjustable means (designated in a general way by D) preferably embodied in the gaging or adjusting means for supporting the work in position adjacent to the plane, whether the gaging means be adjusted to a position adjacent to the plane or not, and which embodies means for preventing the plane-iron from striking said adjustable means.

The supporting means or base A may be of any desired and suitable construction adapted to support the devices above mentioned, and is provided with a race or way 10, constructed in any suitable way, in which the stock 11 of the plane B is adapted to move to and fro. Adapted to slide in this race 10 is a plane B, constructed in any suitable way to accomplish the desired object. In the form shown, however, it comprises a right-angled stock 11, one member b of which slides in the race or way 10, while the other member c thereof, which is at right angles to the supporting means A, is provided with the plane-mouth 15, hereinafter described. The members b and c may be secured together in any suitable way and reinforced by suitable ribs, as desired. Secured to this stock 11, preferably adjacent to the juncture of the members b and c thereof and in any suitable manner, but preferably by means of a bracket 12, formed integral with said stock, is a handle 13 for operating the plane. The member c of the stock is provided with a mouth 15, preferably formed at an angle relatively to the longitudinal axis of said member c. Adjacent to this mouth 15 the stock 11 in the interior thereof is provided with a suitable bracket 16 for supporting the plane-iron 14 and its adjusting and clamping mechanism, which adjusting and clamping mechanism may be, if desired, of the usual form, and hence no further description thereof is deemed neccessary. This plane-iron supporting-bracket 16, however, is also disposed at an angle relatively to the stock member c and in parallelism with the mouth 15 of the plane, and is provided with an inclined or beveled seat 16′ for the plane-iron, whereby said plane-iron 14 when in its working position will have its knife-edge projecting through said mouth 15 at an angle to the member c of the stock, whereby one part of the work will be operated upon before the other part thereof and the breaking or tearing of the fibers of the wood prevented when the plane-iron leaves the material. By means of this particular construction of plane-iron bracket the plane-iron can be made of the usual form and thickness, as in the ordinary planes, and whereby the necessity of making the plane-iron somewhat thicker at one than at the other side thereof in order to obtain an angular cut, as has heretofore been necessary, is obviated, and whereby also the sharpening of the knife-
edge of the iron is facilitated.

The gaging or adjusting means C for holding the material in proper angular position to be planed consists, in the preferred form thereof herein shown and described, of a suitable bracket 20, pivoted to the base A, preferably at the forward end thereof adjacent to the race 10, and which bracket is adapted to swing in an arc of a circle, and by the means hereinafter described support the material at any desired angle relatively to the race or member c of the plane-stock 11. This bracket 20 of the form shown is constructed of an arm 21 and a vertical plate 22, preferably integrally connected at their inner ends and diverging from each other, and through the juncture of the same the pivot screw or bolt 23 projects to pivotally secure the bracket for swinging movement relatively to the base A. This bracket-plate 22 is preferably provided with a curved inner end 24, whereby the bracket-plate 22 can be swung into any desired position adjacent to the plane-stock without the end thereof striking against the stock member c when the same is at the forward end of its race.

Preferably integral with and connecting the plate 22 and arm 21, adjacent to the outer ends thereof, is a preferably-curved member or arm 25, having an arc-shaped slot 26 therein. This arm 25 preferably extends beyond the point of juncture with the member or arm 21, and is provided at its outer end with a sleeve 27, carrying a locking device held therein by any suitable means. ln the preferable form thereof the locking device consists of a vertically-sliding bolt 28, provided with a recess (not shown) on its side face, which a pin or screw (likewise not shown) extending through the wall of the sleeve at right angles to said bolt 28 intersects, whereby the locking-bolt is permitted to have a sliding movement and is prevented from bein g drawn out. This locking-bolt 28 is provided with a suitable actuating-handle or finger-piece 20 for manipulating the same.

The base A is provided with apertures 30, disposed in an arc of a circle similar to the arc of the slotted member 25, and in position to be engaged by the lower end of the locking-bolt 28,whereby on the swinging of the bracket 20 the same can be located in any desired position by pushing the locking-bolt 28, which may be a spring-operated bolt, if desired, into any one of these apertures 30.

Any number of apertures may be provided, whereby the bracket can be located at any desired angle relatively to the race or plane stock.

In order to firmly secure the gaging or adjusting means in its adjusted position and prevent the movement thereof when the plane is in use, the bracket is provided with a supplemental fastening means in the nature of a suitable clamping device 31, and which in the form shown comprises a clamping-bolt 32, having a threaded end and an enlarged head 33, and provided with a suitable actuating-handle or sliding lever 34. The threaded end of this clamping-bolt projects through the arc-shaped slot 26 of the arm 25 and enters suitable threaded apertures 35 in the base, which apertures are likewise disposed in an arc of a circle in alignment with the locking-bolt openings 30. Any desired number of these threaded apertures may be provided. Intermediate of the upper face of the arm 25 and the under face of the enlarged head 33 a suitable washer 36 is disposed, whereby on the turning of the clamping-bolt said bracket will be clamped in the position in which the locking-bolt 28 positioned the same.

The adjustable means for holding the work in position to be operated on relatively to the plane-stop member c in the preferred form shown consists of a suitable fence or gage plate 40, adjustably secured to the bracket-plate 22 for sliding movement to and from the in movable plane. The means herein shown for securing this fence or gage plate 40 to the bracket-plate 22 comprises a suitable slot 41 in the bracket-plate 22, through which a screw-threaded stud preferably integrally secured to the fence 40 is adapted to project. A thumb-nut 43 is adapted to screw onto the end of this threaded stud to clamp the adjustable fence in any desired position, a suitable washer 44 being disposed between the inner face of the thumb-nut and bracket-plate 22.

When the bracket 20 is in the position shown — as, for instance, in Fig. 1 — the adjustable fence 40 is adjusted to permit a part of its inner end, as hereinafter described, to engage the stock member c of the plane and be clamped in such position, whereby the material can be placed in position against such fence to permit the same to be operated on by the plane. When it is desired to change the angle of the bracket 20, the same is adjusted to any desired position — for instance, as shown in Fig. 3 — in which the bracket is shown in its adjusted position at an angle of eighty degrees relatively to the race; but in order to form a proper support to hold the material in position to be planed it is necessary that the fence 40 be adjusted to have a part of its inner end engage the stock member c, the same as shown in Fig. 1. Hence, by releasing the clamping device 43 and moving the fence 40 into the position shown in dotted lines (see Fig. 3) and reclamping the fastening device the fence 40 will have a part of its inner end in engagement with the stock and in proper position to support the material. By means of this improved adjustable fence or gage plate 40 the said fence can be adjusted to permit a part of its inner end to properly engage with the stock at whatever angle the bracket 20 may be adjusted.

If, however, the entire inner end of the fence engaged the stock member c, the plane-iron in its to-and-fro movements would strike against the edge of such fence and hack the knife-edge thereof. In order, therefore, to prevent this serious disadvantage and at the same time permit the fence 40 to be adjusted into such position relatively to the stock member that it will properly support the work in position to be operated on by the plane, in whatever position the bracket 20 may be adjusted, I provide the inner end of the fence with a projection or projecting portion 44′, adapted to engage the stock member c of said plane at a point beyond the knife-edge of the plane-iron, and which in this instance is shown disposed above the upper edge of the plane-iron, whereby this projecting portion 44′ alone engages the stock of the plane when the adjustable fence is in position to support the work, and the knife-edge in the to-and-fro movements of the plane is permitted to pass by the adjacent recessed portion of the inner end of the fence, and the injury of the same thereby obviated.

It is obvious that it is advantageous to thus cause the fence to bear against the face of the plane-stock rather than, for instance, against a fixed part of the frame, as it is possible that, owing to wear, the plane may not always occupy exactly the same position relative to any lined point on the frame.

By means of this improved miter or bevel plane the work can be held at all times in proper position adjacent to the plane to be operated upon from any angle to which the bracket constituting a part of the gaging device is adjusted, and the liability of injuring the knife-edge of the plane also prevented.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane of the class described, the combination with a support; of a plane movable thereon; a bracket pivoted to said support for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said movable plane; a fence adjustable relatively to said bracket and having a projection thereon adapted to engage a portion of the movable plane, whereby the knife-edge of said plane is permitted to pass free from contact with said fence, substantially as described.

2. An adjustable gage for a plane of the class described, consisting of a bracket adapted to be pivoted adjacent to the stock of a movable plane for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said plane, and carrying an adjustable plate or fence movable with said bracket and adjustable relatively thereto, to and from the movable plane, and having a projection thereon adapted to engage a portion of the movable plane from any position to which said bracket may be adjusted, substantially as described.

3. In a plane of the class described, the combination with a support; of a plane movable thereon; a bracket pivoted to said support for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said movable plane and embodying a supporting plate; a fence, having a projection thereon, and secured to said supporting-plate for adjustment in parallelism therewith and movable with said bracket, whereby the projection is adapted to engage a portion of the movable plane, to permit the knife-edge of said plane to pass free from contact with said fence, substantially as described.

4. In a plane of the class described, the combination with a support havinga race or way-and also having apertures disposed in an arc of a circle; of a plane movable in said race; gaging means pivoted to said support for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said movable plane, and comprising a bracket having a projecting arm and a vertical plate connected adjacent to their inner ends, and an arm connecting said vertical plate and projecting arm adjacent to their outer ends, and having an arc-shaped slot therein, an adj ustable locking device secured to said slotted arm, an adjustable clamping device movable in said slotted arm, said locking and clamping devices being adapted to engage apertures in the support, a fence secured to said bracket-plate and adjustable relatively thereto, and having a projection on its inner end adapted to engage the stock of the movable plane from any position to which the bracket may be adjusted, and a clamping device for securing said adjustable fence in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

5. In a plane of the class described, the combination with a support; of a plane movable thereon, and comprising a right-angled stock having a mouth therein disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the plane; a plane-iron bracket secured to said stock, and also disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the plane and in parallelism with the mouth of said plane; a plane-iron seated on said bracket and adapted to project through said mouth, whereby the knife-edge thereof will likewise be at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the plane; a bracket pivoted to said support for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said movable plane; a fence adjustably connected to said bracket, and having a projection on its inner end adapted to engage a portion of the stock of the plane to permit the knife-edge thereof to pass free from contact with said fence, substantially as described.

6. In a plane of the class described, the combination with a support; of a plane movable thereon; a bracket pivoted to said support for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said movable plane; a fence secured to said bracket for adjustment to and from the movable plane, and having a projection at its upper, inner end adapted to engage the plane-stock when said fence is adjusted into position relatively to said stock, whereby the knife-edge of the plane is permitted to pass below said projection and free from contact with the inner edge of the adjustable fence, substantially as described.

7. An adjustable gage for a plane of the class described, consisting of a bracket adapted to be pivoted adjacent to the stock of a movable plane, for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said plane, and carrying an adjustable fence or plate movable with said bracket and adjustable relatively thereto, to and from the movable plane, and having a projection thereon adapted to engage a portion of the movable plane from any position to which said bracket may be adjusted; and means for clamping said bracket in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

8. An adjustable gage for a plane of the class described, consisting of a bracket adapted to be pivoted adjacent to the stock of a movable plane, for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said plane; an adjustable fence or plate movable with said bracket and adjustable relatively thereto, to and from the movable plane, and having a projection thereon adapted to engage a portion of the movable plane from any position to which said bracket may be adjusted; means for adjustably clamping said fence to said bracket; and means for clamping said bracket in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
F. N. STANLEY.

No. 545,732 – Plane (Edmund A. Schade) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”516″]545732

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 545,732, dated September 3, 1895.
Application filed June 5, 1895. Serial No. 551,754. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND A. SCHADE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and especially to that class of tools commonly known as “smoothing-planes,” and it has for its object to provide an improved supporting and adjusting device for the plane-knife or plane-iron, whereby the same can be quickly and accurately adjusted with relation to the work to be done, and also to provide an improved clamping device for said plane knife or iron, whereby the same will be firmly held against vibration in the use of the plane.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a plane embodying my improvements, parts of said figure being shown in full lines. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the plane, illustrating certain features of the construction, a part thereof being shown in section. Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken in line a a, Fig. 1, looking toward the right hand; and Fig. 4 is a top view of the improved clamping device detached, a part thereof being broken away.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

This improved plane, in the preferred form thereof herein shown, consists of a suitable stock or body, designated generally as 100, adapted for co-operating with those elements in which my invention particularly resides. This stock 100 is shown as provided with a suitable handle 55 at one end thereof and with the usual actuating-knob 60 at the opposite end thereof. The stock has formed in its sole the usual transverse mouth 10, the forward wall of which is designated 11 and the rearward wall as 12.

In the rear of the mouth 10 the stock is provided with a plane-iron carrier seat or support 13 of a construction suitable for the purpose herein set forth. This carrier seat or support 13 is shown as having its upper face 14 thereof preferably on a plane parallel with the sole of the stock and thereby forms a horizontal carrier-support for the plane-iron carrier-bracket and is preferably integrally connected with said stcck and extends transversely entirely across the stock, being united with the mouth of the plane by means of an inclined portion 15. This carrier seat or support 13 is somewhat thicker in cross-section than the sole of the stock to adapt it to receive the locking devices of the plane-iron or knife-carrier hereinafter described. Instead of the seat or support 13 extending entirely across the stock, the knife-carrier seat or support may, if desired, consist of a pair of longitudinal shoulders on a plane parallel with the sole of the stock and extending inwardly a short distance from the sides of the plane.

In this case, however, an intermediate horizontal support must be provided to receive the locking devices of the knife-carrier, hereinafter described. When the seat or support 13 is constructed of a solid member extending entirely across the stock, as is the preferable construction, said carrier support or seat has a recess 16 therein forming two parallel longitudinal guideways 17, Fig. 3. A knife or plane-iron carrier or bracket 20 is adjustably supported on the carrier seat or support by means of binding-screws 21, hereinafter described, and is adapted to slide in the guideways 17, and has a recess 18 in its under side to engage the guideways 17 of the carrier support or seat. This carrier-bracket is shown as having a vertically-inclined side 22 relative to the sole of the stock, adapted to receive the plane iron or knife 23, and is provided at its under side with a horizontal bearing-face parallel with the face 14 of the support 13, and is adapted to slide on said carrier support or seat. The carrier is extended below its horizontal face 14 to form a support 24 for the lower end of the knife, and is preferably V-shaped, to permit the under edge thereof to be inclined parallel with the inclined portion 15, connecting the mouth of the stock and the carrier seat or support. A suitable adjusting device for the plane-iron carrier-bracket, designated in a general way by A, is provided for adjusting said carrier-bracket and thereby the knife relative to the mouth of the stock, and is shown comprising suitable bracket-arm 26, preferably integrally connected to the stock of the plane, and in the upper end of which a threaded spindle 27, provided with a suitable thumb-nut 23, is journaled, the screw end thereof working in a suitable screw-threaded recess in the rear side of the carrier. By turning said thumb-nut the carrier-bracket will be adjusted to the desired position by sliding upon its horizontal support or seat toward or from the mouth of the stock.

In order to adjustably secure or clamp the carrier-bracket upon its seat or support 13, binding-screws 21 are preferably used and are passed through elongated slots 31 in that portion of the carrier which has its upper face in a plane parallel with the lower or seat-engaging face of the carrier-support, in order that the carrier may be moved relatively to its seat or support without effecting the positioning of the binding-screws, and to permit this the carrier is shown as having recesses 23 countersnnk therein and communicating with the inclined face 22 of said carrier. Washers 30 are disposed between the heads of the binding-screws and the horizontal upper face of the carrier-bracket, and said carrier-bracket, by means of the elongated slots 31, can be adjusted in longitudinal direction of the stock by means of the adjusting device A, hereinbefore described. By this particular construction and organization of the plane-iron or knife-supporting members of the plane iron or knife a perfect adjustment of the plane is obtained, and, moreover, a perfectly rigid support for the plane-iron or knife-carrier-bracket is provided. Any suitable means for vertically adjusting the plane-iron may be used, but is shown as comprising a lever 35, pivoted at 36 to the carrier, and having its upper end in engagement with the cap-plate 23′ for actuating the same toward and from the plane-mouth, and thereby moving the plane-iron in the same direction. This lever has the usual forked tailpiece 37 engaged by a peripheral groove in an adjusting-nut 38, which works longitudinally upon a screw or threaded post 39, fixed to the carrier.

As a means for clamping the plane-knife 23 and its usual cap-plate 23′ in position, I have provided an improved clamping device, designated in a general way by B, and which comprises a main clamping-lever having a supplemental clamping-lever connected therewith, and thereby forming a double clamping-lever, which, in the preferred form thereof, is shown consisting of a main clamping-lever 40, working on a fulcrum-screw 41, disposed on the carrier-bracket and having pivoted to its upper end the usual actuating cam-lever 42, having its cam-face 43 in operative engagement with the upper face of the cap-plate.

Pivotally connected to the main clamping-lever 40, at any suitable place thereon, and projecting beyond the lower clamping end of said lever, is a supplemental clamping-lever 45 of any suitable construction adapted for the purpose herein set forth and of comparative flexibility relative to the main clamping-lever. The main clamping-lever 40 has recesses 46, and is provided with laterally-projecting pins or studs 47, upon which the supplemental clamping-lever is adapted to swing by means of suitable ears or lugs 48, having apertures therein adapted to engage said pins or studs. As a means for adjusting this supplemental lever, the upper end thereof is provided with a suitable adjusting device, herein shown as a set-screw 49, adapted to work on the upper surface of the main clamping-lever. This supplemental clamping-lever also has an elongated aperture 51 to permit the fulcrum-stud 41 to be adjusted into position. By means of this improved clamping device, one lever of which is adapted to engage the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping end of the other lever, the knife or plane-iron is firmly held at different points near its working end, and vibration thereof in the use of the plane is substantially eliminated.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is —

1. In a plane, the combination with a stock, and with a plane-iron supported thereon; of a clamping device for the plane-iron comprising two clamps, one of said clamps clamping the plane-iron at a point in advance of the clamping-point of the other clamp, substantially as described.

2. In a plane, the combination with a stock, and with a plane-iron supported thereon; of a clamping device for the plane-iron comprising two clamps, one of said clamps clamping the plane-iron at a point in advance of the clamping-point of the other clamp; and means for separately operating the clamps, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a carrier-bracket supported thereon; a plane-iron adjustably supported on said bracket; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on the carrier-bracket and a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said clamping-lever and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on the stock, and a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main clamping-lever, and adapted to clamp the plane-iron at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever, substantially as described.

5. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a double-lever fulcrumed to the stock, one of said levers clamping the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the other lever, substantially as described.

6. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on the stock; and a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main clamping-lever and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever, substantially as described.

7. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a double-lever, the main clamping lever thereof being fulcrumed to the stock and the supplemental clamping-lever being pivotally adjustable on said main-lever; and means for adjusting said double-lever, whereby the adjustable action of the combined levers extends to the clamping ends of both the main and supplemental clamping-levers, substantially as described.

8. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on said stock; means for adjusting said lever; a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main-lever and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main clamping-lever; and means for adjusting said supplemental-lever relative to the main-lever and independently thereof, substantially as described.

9. In a plane, the combination with the stock having a transverse mouth; of a horizontal carrier-support disposed thereon; and a carrier-bracket having a bearing-face substantially parallel to the horizontal face of the support, and adapted to slide on said support, and also having a vertically-inclined side adapted to support a plane-iron, said inclined side extending below the bearing-face of the horizontal support to support the plane-iron adjacent to the mouth of the stock; a plane-iron adjustably supported on said bracket; means for longitudinally actuating said carrier-bracket relatively to its support; means for adjusting the plane-iron on its inclined support; a cap-plate resting on the plane-iron; and a clamping device for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed to the carrier-bracket; an adjusting device for said main clamping-lever; a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main-lever, and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever; and means for adjusting said supplemental-lever independently of the main-lever, substantially as described.

10. In a plane-iron, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on said stock and adapted to clamp said cap-plate and plane-iron; an adjusting device for said main-lever; a supplemental clamping-lever pivoted on the main-lever at a point below the fulcrum-point of said main-lever, and adapted to clamp the cap-plate and plane-iron at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main clamping-lever; and an adjusting device for said supplemental-lever, whereby said supplemental clamping-lever is adjustable independently of the main clamping-lever, substantially as described.

EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 540,283 – Plane (Justus A. Traut And Christian Bodmer) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”515″]540283

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND CHRISTIAN BODMER,
OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 540,283, dated June 4, 1895.
Application filed January 12, 1895. Serial No. 534,629. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and CHRISTIAN BODMER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and has for its object to furnish an improved tool of this class having, in connection with the plane-iron or knife, a combined knife-actuator and knife-edge cap adapted for maintaining, when properly clamped in place, a perfect bearing between the end of the knife and said cap; and it also has for its object to furnish such a knife-controlling member, in which the knife-edge cap, as a whole, will be capable of a clamping movement independently of and relatively to the knife-actuator or main portion of such knife controlling member.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partially in section, of a portion of an ordinary smooth-plane furnished with our present improvement. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the knife-controlling member of the plane iron or knife embodying one form of our present improvement. Fig. 3 is an edge view of the cap shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4: is a view similar to Fig. 2 and illustrating a modification of the cap shown therein. Fig. 5 is an edge view of the cap shown in Fig. 4. Figs. 6 and 8 are plan views similar to Figs. 2 and 4 for illustrating other modifications of the cap; and Figs. 7 and 9 are edge views of the forms of the cap shown in Figs. 6 and 8, respectively.

Similar characters designate like parts in all of the figures.

Our present improvement comprises a knife-controlling member for a plane-iron or knife, and having, in combination, a substantially-rigid knife-actuator, and a substantially-rigid knife-edge-cap or clamp formed integral with each other, and movable bodily, the one relatively to the other. It also comprises, in combination with said knife-actuator and the knife-edge cap, a resilient connection or spring-joint intermediate of said main portions of the knife-controlling member, and, in order to obtain a more perfect resilient relation between the knife-actuator and the knife-edge cap, the knife-engaging face of the cap, which is adjacent to said resilient connection, projects beyond the plane of the knife-engaging face of the knife-actuator, so that the knife-edge cap will have a full bearing upon the knife at both ends of said cap, and independent ofthe knife-actuator, and an oscillatory, yielding movement, transversely of the plane of the knife-controlling member, about the fulcrum or axis formed by the rear knife-engaging bearing-face or fulcrum-edge of the knife-edge cap.

We have shown, in Fig. 1, the principal portion of the body of the ordinary smooth-plane, of the class usually made of iron, and having the parts common to such planes, viz: a plane-iron or knife, a cap for the knife, a clamp for the cap, means in connection with the cap and adapted for adjusting the knife, a handle or knob at the front or left-hand end of the plane-body, and a handle (not shown), at the rearward or right-hand end of the plane-body.

In the drawings, the plane-body is designated in a general way by B, the plane-iron or knife by K, the knife-controlling member or cap by C, and the usual, forward handle, or knob, by H. This knife-controlling member or cap is shown affixed to the knife or plane-iron by means of the usual clamping screw 2; and a knife-actuating lever 3, which will be supported upon the frame or body of the plane in some usual or well known manner, is shown engaging in a mortise or slot, formed at the point 4 in the knife-controlling member, for the purpose of adjusting the knife and its controlling member together, upward or downward under the cap-engaging clamp L.

According to our present improvements, the knife-controlling member, which, as before stated, is designated in a general way by C, comprises two principal portions separated, at about the point 5, by a connection which will permit movement of one of the members, such as the knife-actuator 6, relatively to the other member, or knife-edge cap 7, in a direction transversely of the plane of said knife-controlling- member considered as a whole. This connecting member is shown herein, in the preferred form thereof, as a spring-joint, formed by a connecting portion or portions 8, of relatively-small cross-sectional area, transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with such area of said member at other points in the length thereof. This connection, which, in the forms of the device herein shown, constitutes a yielding or spring-joint, connects the knife-actuating portion 6 of said knife-controlling member with the knife-edge cap 7 thereof, in such a manner that these main portions are each movable, as a whole, relatively to the other, in a direction substantially transverse to the plane of said knife-controlling member, that is to say, each of said main portions has a slight, oscillatory movement, relatively to the other, about an axis intermediate of said main parts. In the manufacture of articles of this class, it has been found, that a perfect organization of the parts of a plane, — such as will bring the edge of the cap into exact parallelism with the cutting-edge of the bit- — is exceedingly difficult, owing to the liability of each member of the organization having a very slight error, when formed by the ordinary methods of manipulation. The clamping-edge of the cap, for instance, even if ground with precision, after tempering, and especially, if unevenly tempered, might not be an exact straight line in the direction of the plane of the bit, but have a slight bend in the same; and this is the frequent case in actual practice. Hence, it will be evident, that if provision is made for a slight torsional, or twisting movement of the cap, relatively to the actuator, a perfect and even bearing of the forward edge of the cap, upon the knife, will be assured.

It will be remembered that, in planes of this class, as ordinarily constructed, the cap generally employed, and which, in some of its features, is substantially similar to the knife-controlling member described herein, is required to be accurately adjusted relatively to the extreme or cutting edge 10, of the knife of the plane, so as to properly turn the shaving in the throat of the plane, as said shaving is stripped, by the knife-edge, from the body of the piece being planed. This adjustment is effected, in practice, by means of the set clamp-screw 2, the point of which is engaged in the knife-controlling member, and the shank of which travels in the usual, central, longitudinal slot in the plane-iron or knife.

When this clamp-screw is loosened, the cap may be adjusted longitudinally on the knife, with its forward end more nearly adjacent to, or more remote from, the cutting edge of the knife, and is then re-affixed to the knife by tightening said clamp-screw. The cap being properly adjusted, relatively to the knife, and the knife being also properly adjusted, with its cutting edge in the desired position relatively to the sole of the plane, this latter adjustment being effected by means of the lever 3, or other adjusting device, commonly employed for this purpose, the clamp L is then brought into locking engagement with the outer face of the cap-portion 7, of the knife-controlling member, and secured in that position, so as to hold the said clamp rigidly upon such knife-edge cap of the knife-controlling member, and thereby obtain a similar, rigid engagement between the bearing-faces 7′ and 7”, at the forward and rearward ends of the knife-edge cap, and the upper face of the plane-iron or knife, as shown in Fig. 1. The clamping force, exerted by the clamp L upon the arched knife-edge cap 7, readily springs or bends the relatively-small connecting portion, or spring joint 8, of the knife-controlling member C, thereby bringing both the forward edge 7′, of the clamp-portion or knife-edge cap of said knife-controlling member, and the rearward fulcrum edge 7”, thereof, into full bearing engagement with the plane-knife or plane-iron, so as to hold said knife and the knife-edge cap in full and proper bearing contact, the one upon the other, at all points in the transverse bearing-faces of the same, and this, notwithstanding any irregularity in the form of the actuator portion 6, of the knife-controlling member, or in the manner of fastening this actuator portion to the knife itself.

In all of the forms of our improvement, that are herein shown and described, the same general organization of parts is maintained, viz.: a knife-actuator and a knife-edge cap connected transverse to the plane of the knife-controlling member in which they are embodied, and a preferably resilient joint, intermediate of these main portions of the knife-controlling member, and forming said connection therebetween. In each case, the connecting-member, between the shaft and the actuator, is of relatively-great inherent mobility, or resilience, transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with the mobility, or resilience, of such cap or actuator; so that each transverse portion of the two main parts of the knife-controlling member will be of relatively-great inherent rigidity, as compared with the member which connects them.

In Fig. 2, the connection portion of the combined knife-actuator and knife-edge-clamp is shown consisting of the two edge-bars 8–8, tying together the two main portions, and at the ends of the elongated, transverse slot or opening 12. In this case these connecting bars constitute a relatively yielding portion, or spring-joint, entirely independent of the main portions of the knife-actuating member, except at the extreme lateral edges thereof; and, for the purpose of allowing this joint to operate more freely, the knife-actuator 6 will usually be slightly elevated at 6’, rearward of said joint, as shown in Fig. 3, by contrast with the dotted lines illustrating the position of the knife relatively to its controlling member, so as to isolate the relatively-narrow bearing-face 7”, of the knife-edge clamp from the body of said clamp, and from the knife-actuator, whereby a fulcrum-edge is obtained intermediate of the knife-edge cap and the knife-actuator, about which the knife-edge cap, or clamp, has a limited, oscillatory movement, relatively to the knife-actuator and independently thereof.

The other modifications of the knife-controlling member, herein shown and described, are similarly illustrated, as to their relation to the knife, in Figs. 5, 7 and 9, respectively, in all of which views, the fulcrum-edge of the rear bearing-face 7”, of the knife-edge cap is independent of the under side of the knife-actuator, and projects beyond the plane thereof.

In Fig. 4, the connection portion of the knife-controlling member is shown as a single connecting-bar, formed substantially intermediate of the lateral edges of said knife-controlling member, by recessing said edges, intermediate of the knife-edge clamp and the knife-actuator, for considerable distances inward from said edges, and in line with each other, as shown at 12, in said figure. By this organization of the knife-edge clamp and the knife-actuator with the connecting-joint 8, the two main portions of said knife-controlling member are rendered torsionally movable, relatively to each other, as well as oscillatory, relatively to each other about the connecting joint transversely of the plane of such member.

In Figs. 6 and 8 the relatively-reduced connecting portion or joint between the knife-edge clamping-cap and the knife-actuator is obtained by transversely channeling or grooving the knife-controlling member transversely thereof and intermediate of its two main portions. In Fig. 6 this channel is formed in the upper side of said knife-controlling member, while in Fig. 8 the channel is shown as being in the under side thereof.

It will be evident from the foregoing that, by organizing the knife-edge cap and the knife-actuator, so that said cap will be capable of independent, though limited, oscillatory movement in a direction substantially transverse to the plane of the knife-controlling member, said cap will be capable of exerting its clamping action upon the knife-edge entirely independently of any clamping action exerted by the knife-actuator, and that, as the clamping force of said cap is all exerted upon two relatively-narrow bearing-faces, running transversely of the knife-edge cap, an augmented clamping effect will result when the clamp L, is forced into locked engagement with said cap; also that the entire clamping force of this clamp L will be confined to the cap 7, and will be transmitted to the bearing-faces 7′ and 7” , thereof, owing to the isolation of the latter bearing-face from the under side of the knife-actuator. A perfect clamping action thus results from the organization of the several parts of the knife-controlling member in which the two main portions thereof are joined by a connection relatively more yielding, transversely of the plane of said member, than either of said portions is in a direction transversely of itself.

Having thus described our invention, we claim —

1. A knife-controlling member for a plane-iron, consisting of a relatively-independent knife – edge cap; a relatively-independent knife-actuator; and a connecting-member between, and connecting said cap and actuator, and of a relatively-great inherent mobility between, and at its points of connection to, said knife-cap and knife-actuator and transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with that of said cap or actuator.

2. A knife-controlling member, for a plane-iron, consisting of a relatively-independent knife-edge cap; a relatively-independent knife-edge actuator; a connecting- member between and connecting said cap and actuator, and of relatively-great inherent resilience between, and at its points of connection to, said knife-cap and knife-actuator, and transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with that of said cap or actuator.

3. A knife-controlling member for a plane-knife or iron, and consisting of a combined knife-edge cap and a knife-actuator formed integral with each other, and having a transverse connecting-member of relatively-small cross-sectional area, as compared with any corresponding transverse portion of the cap or actuator, substantially as described.

4. A knife-controlling member for a plane-knife or iron, and consisting of a combined knife-actuator and a knife-edge cap formed integral with said knife-actuator and having a relatively-narrow rear transverse knife-engaging bearing-face in advance of the plane of the knife-engaging face of the knife-actuator, and a transverse connecting member integral with said cap and actuator and of relatively-small cross-sectional area, as compared with any corresponding transverse portion of the cap or actuator, substantially as described.

5. A knife-controlling member for a plane-iron, and consisting of a knife-edge cap; a knife-actuator; and a connecting-member between and connecting said cap and actuator, and of relatively-great inherent torsional mobility, transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with that of said cap or actuator.

6. A knife-controlling member for a plane-iron, consisting of a relatively-independent knife-actuator; a relatively-independent knife-edge cap formed integral with said knife-actuator, and having a rear transverse knife-engaging bearing-face in advance of the plane of the knife-engaging face of the knife-actuator; and a connecting-member between, and connecting said cap and actuator, and of relatively-great inherent mobility, between, and at its points of connection to, said knife-cap and knife-actuator, and transversely of the knife-controlling member, as compared with that of said cap or actuator, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
CHRISTIAN BODMER.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS H. RICHARDS,
FRED. J. DOLE.

No. 536,746 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”513″]536746

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 536,746, dated April 2, 1895.
Application filed January 12, 1895. Serial No. 584,626. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and especially to that class of tools, commonly known as smooth-planes; and it has for its object to provide an improved plane, adapted for supporting the plane-knife adjacent to the cutting end thereof, and to do this by means which are adapted for adjusting the position of the plane-knife or iron, relatively to the forward wall of the plane-mouth.

In the drawings, accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a vertical, longitudinal section of a smooth-plane embodying my present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the plane, for illustrating certain features of construction of the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse section, taken in line a–a, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow, and Fig. 4 is a detail, sectional, plan view of an adjusting device for adjusting the position of the knife carrier, relatively to its seat in the plane.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

My present improvements comprise, in combination with a plane having a transverse mouth, a knife-carrier seat in the rear of, and inclined toward said mouth, a knife carrier supported by said seat, and having a knife-engaging face inclined toward the mouth of the plane at a relatively-greater inclination to the face or sole of the plane, than that of the knife-carrier-engaging face of the knife-carrier seat, the knife-carrier being adapted for movement along said face of its seat, means for securing the knife-carrier against movement relatively to the seat, and a knife adapted to be secured to said knife-engaging face of the carrier, so that, when the carrier is moved relatively to the forward wall of the plane-mouth, the knife itself will also be correspondingly actuated, and the area of the chip-space increased or decreased, in accordance with such movement.

My invention also comprises, in combination with the aforesaid knife-carrier and its support, means for adjusting the carrier upon, and relatively to the support, and holding the carrier in its adjusted position.

The plane-body, which is designated in a general way by B, is, or may be, in its principal features, of any ordinary or desired construction, adapted for co-operating with those elements in which my invention particularly resides, and this plane-body is shown herein, as provided with the usual handle H, at the rearward end thereof, and with the knob or actuating-handle H’, at the forward end of the same. The plane-body has formed in the face or sole thereof, the usual transverse mouth 2, the forward wall of which is designated by 2’; and, rearward of the plane-mouth, the plane-body is shown as having a knife-carrier seat or support inclined toward said mouth, and having its inclined face at a comparatively slight inclination, relatively to the face of the plane. This knife-carrier seat, which is designated herein by S, may be in the form of a solid member, extending transversely entirely across the body of the plane, or it may comprise a pair of similarly-inclined, longitudinal shoulders, extending but a short way from each of the sides of the plane, and inwardly toward the longitudinal center of the same. In the latter case, however, an intermediate, and preferably similarly-inclined member must also be provided, for a purpose which will hereinafter appear. The inclined face of this seat S, is shown herein as relatively adjacent, at its forward end, to the face or sole of the plane, and this inclined face is adapted to receive a knife carrier or bracket, designated in a general way by C, which carrier is organized to support the knife, and to be engaged and held by the seat S, to thereby prevent movement of the carrier relatively to such seat. This seat S, is much thicker at all points than the base 3, of the plane, or at least, is of a considerably greater thickness at a point a short distance in the rear of the rear wall 2” of the plane-mouth, which wall is herein shown, as formed by the forward edge of said seat. The relatively-greater thickness of this knife-carrier seat S, or of a portion of said seat, is necessary for the purpose of forming therein threaded holes, or bores 4–4, with which may engage holding means, preferably in the form of binding-screws 5–5, for securing the carrier C, to said seat.

It will be evident that, if the upper or carrier-engaging face of the seat S were in a plane parallel with the face, or sole 3′ of the frame, the forward end of the bracket would, as in the present practice, lie so far above the sole 3′, that the forward end and cutting-edge of the knife would be insufliciently supported. As the carrier-engaging face of the seat is forwardly and downwardly inclined, toward the plane-mouth, and as the forward end of the carrier-engaging face of this seat is relatively adjacent to the plane-sole or face 3’, the carrier or bracket C, will be supported with its forward end in close proximity to the extreme forward and under edge of said knife-carrier seat S, and also in close proximity to the cutting-edge of the knife or plane-iron itself, which plane-iron is designated herein by K. By this organization of the parts, it will be evident that the carrier or bracket C, will be adjustable in an oblique direction toward, and from the face or sole 3′ of the plane, and also toward and from the forward wall 2′ of the plane-mouth, so that, when the knife is drawn backward on the knife-engaging face of the carrier, and the carrier is moved downwardly on the inclined face of the seat S, to close the plane-mouth, in performing the most accurate work with the plane, the knife, or plane-iron, is supported close to its cutting-edge, as is necessary for such work. By this peculiar construction and organization of the knife-supporting members of the plane, the most perfect adjustment of the plane-knife for depth of cut, and in longitudinal direction for regulating the area of the chip-space, is obtainable, and, moreover, the most perfect possible support for the plane-knife, that is, a rigid support, most nearly adjacent to the cutting-edge of such knife, also results.

As before stated, the inclination of the carrier-supporting surface of the member S, is such that the body of said support is of considerable thickness, so that an ample thickness of metal is obtained at the line a–a, in which to form the holes 4–4, for the binding-screws 5–5; and this support is also sufficiently thick to permit the employment of screws of relatively-large bore and length, so that the carrier may be rigidly held thereby to the body of the plane.

The means for holding the plane-knife, or plane-iron K, upon the carrier, or bracket C, and for adjusting the knife, may be of any ordinary or suitable construction.

In the present case, the plane-knife is shown as resting upon the inclined, upper face of the carrier, the usual cap 8, being affixed to said knife.

A lever 9, is shown as pivoted at 9’, to the carrier C, and has its upper end in engagement with the cap, for actuating the same toward, and from the plane-mouth, and thereby moving the plane-iron in the same direction. This lever has the usual, forked tail-piece, engaged by a peripheral groove in an adjusting-nut 10, which works longitudinally upon the screw or threaded-post 12, fixed to the carrier.

The plane-knife and cap are shown as clamped in position, against the knife-supporting face of the carrier, by means of the usual clamp-lever 13, working against the fulcrum-screw 14, set into the carrier C, said clamp-lever being controlled in its clamping or releasing position, by means of the actuating cam-lever 15, pivoted at the rear end of said clamp-lever, and having its cam-face in operative engagement with the upper face of the cap 8, all of these holding devices being of ordinary construction, and well known in the art. The carrier C, is normally maintained in engagement with the upper face of the seat S, by means of the binding-screws 5–5, hereinbefore referred to, and these screws are preferably passed through a portion of the carrier, which has its upper face in a plane parallel with the lower or seat-engaging face of the carrier, in order that the carrier maybe moved relatively to seat, without affecting the positioning of these binding-screws. In order to obtain this result, the carrier is shown as having recesses, such as 17–17, countersunk therein, and formed with the end walls thereof parallel with the under side of the carrier.

The binding-screws 5–5, which preferably have washers 5′–5’, between the heads thereof and the end walls of said recesses, are also shown as passed through openings in the relatively-thin walls 13, formed by these recesses 17–17, and which openings are somewhat elongated longitudinally of the plane-body.

It will be evident that when the carrier is moved along the seat S, relatively thereto, these slots 19–19, will permit the screws to maintain their same relation to the seat S, and hold the carrier securely upon said seat. These binding-screws may be loosened, if desired, to permit this adjustment of the carrier, but this adjustment is preferably effected by means of a suitable adjusting device, such as is shown in Figs. 1 and 4 of the drawings. This adjusting device, which is designated in a general way by A, and which is shown as a cam-faced lever 20, is pivoted at its forward end, for movement in a plane coinciding with the plane of the bearing-face of the knife-carrier C, by means of a pin 21, engaging in a socket or recess 21’, in the seat S. Said lever is also shown as formed with a cam-groove 22, disposed substantially transversely of the lever and engaging the depending-lug or stud 23, on the under side of the carrier C. It will be evident that, upon the actuation of this lever 20, the carrier, engaging the cam-groove thereof, by its stud 23, will be actuated longitudinally of the plane, and the area of the chip-space correspondingly increased or decreased, by the advance of the forward edge of said carrier toward the front wall 2′ of the plane-mouth, or its recession therefrom.

After this adjustment of the carrier, the binding-screws 5–5, if loosened prior to the adjustment, will be re-tightened, and the plane-iron set in place and made ready for use. When the adjusting device for this carrier is of a sufficiently powerful character, this preliminary loosening of the binding-screws will be found unnecessary, the binding-screws having been previously so set as to hold the carrier firmly in place without entirely preventing movement of the same, the frictional engagement between said binding-screws and the carrier, and the carrier-engaging face of the seat S, being sufficient to maintain an adjustable, clamping connection between said carrier and its seat with the binding-screws.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, in combination, a plane-body having a substantially-transverse mouth, and having also a continuous-plane knife-carrier seat adjacent to, and rearward of, said mouth, and inclined vertically relatively to the plane-sole; a V-shaped knife-carrier having two independent and relatively-diverging continuous-plane bearing-faces, one of which is, throughout the length thereof, in engagement with the plane-knife, and the other of which is movably-supported substantially throughout the length thereof upon the inclined knife-carrier-seat of the plane-body; a plane-knife adjustably carried upon the upper face of said carrier, and means in connection with, and adapted for, adjusting said carrier longitudinally of, and at an inclination to the plane-sole, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a plane, in combination, a plane-body having a substantially-transverse mouth, and having also a continuous-plane knife carrier-seat adjacent to and rearward of said mouth, and inclined vertically relatively to the plane-sole; a V-shaped knife-carrier adjusting-lever supported for movement in the plane of the carrier-seat and in operative engagement with, and adapted for, adjusting the knife-carrier longitudinally of said seat, and at an inclination to the plane-sole; and a knife adjustably carried upon the knife-carrier, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination with a plane-body having a substantially transverse mouth, and having also an inclined knife-carrier seat adjacent to, and in the rear of said mouth and sloping toward the mouth; of a knife-carrier mounted upon said inclined seat, having a depending stud, and having also a longitudinally-slotted seat-engaging wall formed with substantially-parallel upper and lower faces; holding means, engaging the walls of said slots, and secured to the seat, and adapted to maintain the carrier in engagement with the seat, and to permit movement of said carrier upon, and relatively to the seat; an adjusting lever pivotally secured to the plane, and having a cam-groove the walls of which engage said stud upon the carrier, and adapted thereby to actuate said carrier toward, and from the plane-mouth, and a plane-knife adjustably supported upon said carrier, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, in combination, a plane-body having a substantially transverse month, and having also a continuous-plane-knife-carrier seat adjacent to and rearward of said mouth, and inclined vertically relatively to the plane-sole; a V-shaped knife-carrier having two independent and relatively-diverging continuous-plane bearing-faces one of which is, throughout the length thereof, in engagement with the plane-knife, and the other of which is movably-supported, substantially throughout the length thereof upon the inclined knife-carrier-seat of the plane-body; a plane-knife adjustably-carried upon the upper face of said carrier, and a cam-faced carrier-adjusting-lever carried below and in operative engagement with the knife-carrier, and adapted, for movement transversely of said carrier, in a plane coinciding with the plane of the knife-carrier-seat, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS H. RICHARDS,
FRED. J. DOLE.

No. 533,329 – Rabbet-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”512″]533329

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

RABBET-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 533,329, dated January 29, 1895.
Application filed October 8, 1894. Serial No. 525,202. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Rabbet-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rabbet-planes, and it has for its principal object to furnish an improved plane of this general class, which may he readily converted from an ordinary rabbet-plane to a “bull-nose” plane without decreasing or adding to the number of parts of the tool.

Another object of the invention is to furnish an improved clamping-device for this kind of planes, by means of which the plane-iron or cutter may be securely and positively held substantially upon its longitudinal axis.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a rabbet-plane embodying my present invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a portion of the forward end or toe of the plane, looking toward the side opposite that shown in Fig. 1, and showing a reversible, auxiliary duplex runner in position to form an ordinary side-rabbet-plane. Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but showing the reversible member in position to form a “bull-nose” side-rabbet-plane. Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken in line x–x, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow and illustrating one use of the plane.

Similar characters designate like parts in all of the views.

In rabbet-planes as heretofore constructed it has been the practice to provide one form of plane for working in continuous open grooves, or cuts, and a separate, or “bull-nose,” plane for working in grooves or cuts closed at one or both ends thereof.

It is the main object of the present invention to combine the ordinary rabbet-plane and the “bull-nose” plane so that the two may be readily and quickly converted from one to the other, without decreasing or adding to the number of parts thereof, while at the same time maintaining the strength and solidity of the ordinary forms of plane of these types now in use. I attain this end by the provision of an auxiliary reversible member, or duplex runner removably secured to the forward end of the plane, in such a manner as to be fixedly held against movement laterally and longitudinally of the stock when in position thereon, and so that, when in either of its positions, one of the runners will have its sole in alignment with the sole of the stock, and will also have a vertical stop-face adjacent to the cutting edge of the plane-iron or cutter and adapted to close the chip-space or throat of the plane.

My invention also contemplates the provision of a clamp, adapted to be held positively in position substantially upon its longitudinal axis, so that the end thrust upon the cutter, when the plane is in use, will not loosen the clamp, but will be taken up by a fixed portion of the stock.

In the preferred embodiment of my invention, herein shown and described, P designates the stock of the plane, and is shown herein as comprising a body-portion 2, and a runner 3, of reduced cross-section, having the usual beveled face 4 sloping toward the outer side of said runner to form the usual narrow sole 5. This stock is shown herein as of substantially rectangular outline, and as provided at the upper rear end thereof with a handle 6, which may be of any desired construction. This handle is shown as formed separately from the stock and as secured thereto by a screw fastening but it is obvious that it might be integral with the stock. An oblique channel is shown, at 7, as extending from the upper, inner corner of the plane to the lower, outer corner thereof, and is adapted for maintaining the cutter or bit in position. The walls of this channel are shown as parallel with each other, and as intersecting the outer face of the plane in a line perpendicular with the sole thereof, so as to form an inner stop-wall for the outer side of the cutter-iron, and thereby maintain the cutting-edge of said iron perpendicular to the plane of the sole of the stock.

The plane-iron or bit is designated in a general way by B, and is shown as having parallel, longitudinal edges, and as adapted to lit snugly within the guides, 8 and 9, which form the upper and lower walls of the channel 7. This bit or cutter is also shown as beveled at its forward end to form a cutting edge 10, which, when the cutter is in position, will be substantially perpendicular to the sole of the stock, and is represented as beveled also adjacent to its lower, longitudinal edge, to conform with the outline of the beveled runner 3, and prevent interference with the work, which might result from the projection of a portion of the cutter beyond the inner, beveled edge of the runner.

The stock is shown herein as having formed upon its inner side a channel or guide-way 12, perpendicular to its sole but inclined to the sides of said stock at the same angle as is the channel 7, and adapted to position a clamping-device for locking the cutter against the walls of said channel 7, the two guide-ways or channels being shown as intersecting each other.

The clamping-device for securing the cutter is shown as comprising a locking-member or bridge-piece 13, having a body portion, non-contiguous to the stock, and two transverse terminal members or clamping faces, 13′ and 13”, the latter of which is disposed obliquely of the body-portion, so that when in position it will engage the inner face of the bit substantially upon the longitudinal axis thereof. This bridge-clamp is shown as provided with a central aperture or opening adapted for the reception of a clamping thumb-screw 14, the outer screw-threaded end of which engages a correspondingly-threaded aperture or tap, passing through the body portion of the plane, at a point substantially centrally-disposed relatively to the side-walls of the guide-way 12.

A washer 15 may be provided, if desired, between the head of the clamp-screw and the face of the bridge-piece.

It will be seen that, when the cutter is in position and the bridge-clamp is adjusted between the walls of the channel 12, if the body-portion of the clamp is forced or sprung inwardly toward the inner wall of the stock by the clamp-screw, all the pressure exerted will be transmitted to the two locking-faces 13′ and 13”, and that the cutter will be securely engaged and maintained in position, as the side edges of the clamp 13 engage against the walls of the guideway and fill the same so that there can be no movement of the clamp until the screw is released.

Pressure upon the cutter during the operation of the plane is transmitted to the clamp in such a way as to be received against the vertical stop-walls of the guide-way 12, and hence the clamp can not work loose.

At the forward end of the outer side of the stock, a channel or guide-way, shown at 16 as disposed substantially perpendicularly to the sole of the plane, is formed, and said channel is provided with a rearwardly-extending re-
cess or countersunk portion 16′, the transverse wall of which is described by a curve which is shown as approximately a semi-circle, but it will be understood that this recess or countersink might be of a different conformation, if desired. The forward end of the stock is shown herein as undercut to thepoint where the channel 7, or cutter-way, intersects the outer face of the plane to the sole of the runner thereof, but for only a portion of this distance.

An auxiliary reversible, member, designated in a general way by R’, and having reversible runners separately adapted to be brought into alignment with the main runner to form therewith a continuous sole, is shown herein as adapted to be seated within said channel or guide-way, and to be maintained against longitudinal movement, relatively to the stock, by the vertical stop walls, 17 and 18, thereof. This auxiliary runner is shown as of partially rectangular outline —
that is to say, it is formed with parallel front and rear walls, and with transverse parallel soles perpendicular to said front and rear walls. Said duplex runner is shown herein as having at each of its upper and lower ends a runner and a sole, designated, respectively, by 19, 19’, 20 and 20′. Each of said, runners is beveled to correspond with the beveled edge of the runner of the stock, one of said beveled faces being shown in Fig. 1. One end of this auxiliary runner is shown herein as of considerable length, and as having a toe-portion or nose, 20”, extending slightly beyond the forward end of the stock in the manner common to side-rabbet-planes as ordinarily constructed. The other end of said duplex runner is shown as having a very short runner formed by undercutting this end of the auxiliary member for a considerable distance, so that when said auxiliary member is secured to the stock in the position shown in Fig. 4, the construction willbe that of a “bull-nose” plane, the toe-portion or nose of which extends under the forward end of the stock and is but slightly in advance of the cutting edge of the bit. In order that said auxiliary runner may be properly positioned, without unnecessary adjustment thereof, I have shown the same as provided herein with an aperture or opening, extending through the same transversely thereof, at a point centrally located with respect to both the vertical, parallel outer walls and the horizontal, parallel outer walls thereof, and as secured to the stock, within the guide-way 16, by a locking device, which is shown herein as a screw 21, passing through the central opening in said stock and into a correspondingly-threaded opening therein, which latter opening is so placed as to be at the same perpendicular distance from the main sole (extended), as is the opening in the auxiliary, duplex runner from the soles 19′ and 20′. It will, be seen, therefore, that, when the auxiliary stock is secured in position by the screw 21, in either of its positions the sole of the corresponding runner will be in exact alignment with the sole of the runner upon the stock. The parallel, vertical walls of the duplex runner are so disposed as to engage snugly against the corresponding, forward and rearward stop-walls of the guide-way 16, so that longitudinal movement of the auxiliary runner, relatively to the stock, is positively prevented.

It will be understood that the laterally-extending recess 16′ is merely to form a seat for the nose 20″, and may be of any desired outline so long as it is of sufficient area to inclose the same; and also, that the outer faces of the stock and the duplex runner, when the parts are assembled form a continuous, plane surface, which presents no obstruction to the surface against which it may be held when the plane is in use, the head of the screw 21 being flush with or sunken below the outer face of the auxiliary runner, and the point of the clamping screw also being flush with the outer face of the stock.

By means of the reversible, auxiliary member just described it will be evident that, by simply removing the screw 21 and reversing the position of said auxiliary member, the plane may be quickly changed from an ordinary rabbet-plane to a “bull-nose” rabbet-plane and vice versa, without changing any of the parts thereof, so that the plane may be readily and quickly adapted for use for smoothing the sides of grooves or cuts which are continuous from end to end of the material being operated upon, or which extend but part-way along the material and are closed at their ends, which latter require a plane having a very short nose extending but slightly in advance of the cutter. It will also be noticed that the rearward, vertical wall of the auxiliary runner closes the throat of the plane and forms the forward wall of said throat in both of its positions.

A perfect convertible-plane is formed by the combination with the main stock of an auxiliary runner of the character described, whereby the plane may be adapted for use either as an ordinary rabbet-plane or as a “bull-nose” rabbet-plane, by the removal and re-setting of a single screw and the member secured thereby.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a rabbet-plane, the combination with the stock and its runner, of an auxiliary member adapted to be secured to said stock and to close the throat of the plane and having oppositely-disposed runners separately adapted to be brought into alignment with the main runner upon the stock and form with said runner a continuous sole, substantially as described.

2. In a rabbet-plane, the combination with the stock and its runner, and with the cutter secured to said stock, of an auxiliary member adapted to be secured to the stock and to close the throat of the plane and formed with oppositely-disposed runners having respectively projecting and undercut portions forming auxiliary runners adapted to be separately brought into alignment with the main runner upon the stock and to form therewith a continuous sole, whereby said plane is adapted for use either as an ordinary rabbet-plane or as a “bull-nose” rabbet-plane, substantially as described.

3. In a rabbet-plane, the combination with the stock and its runner, and with the cutter secured to said stock, of a vertically-disposed channel or guide-way at the forward end of said stock, a reversible auxiliary member adapted to be seated in said guide-way and having oppositely-disposed long and short runners separately adapted to be brought adjacent to and to close the throat of the plane, and securing means in position and adapted for securing said auxiliary member in said guideway with the sole of either of its runners in alignment with the main sole of the stock, and thereby adapting the plane for use either as an ordinary rabbet-plane or as a “bull-nose” rabbet-plane, substantially as described.

4. In a rabbet-plane, the combination with a stock having a throat open at its forward side, and with a runner carried by said stock, of a reversible duplex auxiliary runner secured to the stock and adapted in either of its positions to close the throat of the plane and to form with the main runner a continuous runner and sole, and stops carried by said stock and adapted to prevent longitudinal movement of said auxiliary runner relatively to the stock, substantially as described.

5. In a rabbet-plane, the combination with a stock having an obliquely-disposed channel, a cutter mounted therein, and a vertically-disposed guide-way intersecting said channel, of a bridge clamp seated in said guide-way and held therein against movement longitudinally of the stock and having remotely-disposed locking-faces one of which is adapted to engage the rear wall of said guide-way and the other of which is adapted to engage the cutter substantially upon the axial line thereof, and a clamping-screw passed through said clamp and into the stock and adapted to bind said clamp to the cutter, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
FRED. J. DOLE,
FREDERICK A. BOLAND.

No. 528,829 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”510″]528829

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 528,829, dated November 6, 1894.
Application filed April 24, 1894. Serial No. 508,812. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes; the object of my present invention being to furnish a plane of peculiar construction and organization having a detachable part, by the removal or replacement of which, the plane may be quickly and practically adapted for use either as a rabbet-plane or as a smooth-plane.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan view of a convertible plane embodying my invention, a portion thereof being broken away, the parts being assembled to adapt the plane for use as a smooth-plane. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a portion of the plane with the side-plate or guard-plate removed, the plane in this condition being adapted for use as a rabbet-plane. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section of the plane taken in dotted line a–a, Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrow in said figure.

Similar characters designate like parts in all of the figures.

In the drawings I have shown my invention applied to a plane, which in general construction and organization is similar to the ordinary metallic smooth-plane. The main body or rabbet-plane body, of the plane is designated in a general way by B, and consists of the usual base or sole, 3, divided transversely by the mouth 4, forming the front and rear portions 5 and 5′, and the side-walls 6 and 6’, the one 6′ of which is herein shown as divided vertically by the mouth 4, the base or sole 3 being preferably reinforced each side of the mouth 4 by the transverse ribs 7 and 7’. The main body is usually provided at the forward end thereof (shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 as the right hand end) with a knob or handle, 3.

The plane-iron or cutter C which may be supported in any usual manner from below, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and the clamp-lever D, are, or may be, of any usual construction and organization. The cutter C is shown in the drawings as having its cutting edge in the mouth of the main body and as supported upon a longitudinal rib, 9, having an inclined face coinciding with the inclined face of the reinforced portion 7 of the base, the upper face thereof being engaged by the cutting-edge, while the forward end of the clamp-lever is held in place longitudinally by a screw, 10, extending through the forward end of said lever, through an elongated slot formed in the cutter, and entering the reinforced portion 7’ of the base.

As a means for operating the clamp-lever to clamp the cutter, a screw, 11, is provided which has a screw-threaded bearing at its upper end in the rear end of the clamp-lever, and bears at its lower end upon the rear end of the cutter, said screw usually being provided, in practice, with a wheel or disk for operating the same. It is desired to state in this connection, that these elements just described, i. e. — the cutter and its clamping devices, constitute no part of my present invention, and may be of any usual construction and organization.

As a means for rendering the plane convertible, to adapt the same to be used either as a rabbet-plane or as a smooth-plane, I have provided a guard-plate or suplementary body, G, adapted to be detachably-secured to one side of the main-body so as to cover the open side of the plane and the open end of the mouth 4, and so that the lower edge of said plate will be flush with the bottom edge of said body to guard the cutter, as most clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3. This plate or body constitutes a guard for the open end of the mouth 4, and when secured in place, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, adapts the plane for use as a smooth-plane.

As a convenient means for detachably-securing the supplementary body or guard-plate to the side of the main-body, said plate is herein shown provided at opposite ends with laterally-projecting pins,12, adapted for entering holes, 13, drilled in bosses, 14, formed upon the base 3 of the main-body, as clearly shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, said plate being held against lateral displacement by means of set-screws, 15, extending through the bosses 14 and impinging the retaining-pins 12 of the guard-plate. These binding-screws are herein shown as having conical ends which enter recesses formed in the peripheries of the retaining-pins of the guard-plate, and have bearings in screw-threaded transverse or vertical openings formed in the bosses 14. The retaining-pins are herein shown as separate pieces fixed to the guard-plate after the manner of rivets, but it will be obvious that said pins might constitute an integral part of said guard-plate.

The above-described construction and organization constitute an improved tool adapted for use both as a rabbet-plane and a smooth-plane, the usual open-sided mouth being provided for rabbeting when the guard-plate or supplementary plane-body is removed, and the solid, unyielding structure necessary to smooth-planing being formed when said plate or body is fastened in position upon the main-body of the plane. When set in position upon said main-body of the plane, it will be seen that the suplementary body forms the main sole-piece of the plane-body for that side of the plane adjacent to the open-sided mouth; that, by means of its peculiar connection to and organization with the main-body of the plane, said plane is braced in longitudinal direction to prevent yielding thereof, which would tend to impair or destroy the efficiency of the tool for smooth-planing; and that said plate or supplementary body, when in such set position, forms the means for rendering the body of the plane a practically unitary structure, having all the characteristics necessary to perfect operation of a smooth-plane. It will also be evident that the change from a rabbet-plane to a smooth-plane, or vice versa, may be easily and quickly effected, and that, in removing the guard-plate, the holding-devices therefor will be maintained in position upon the stock.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, the combination with a main-body having a transverse mouth open at one side of said body, of a plane-cutter extending longitudinally of said body and having a transverse cutter-edge, means for securing said cutter to the plane-body in position for use and with its cutting-edge in the mouth of the main-body, and a supplementary plane-body adapted and provided with means for connection to the open-mouth side of the main-body in fixed relation thereto and having its sole in the plane of the sole of the main-body, whereby the mouth of the main body is closed on one side thereof and the edge of the cutter is guarded, thereby converting the plane into and adapting the same for use as a smooth-plane, substantially as described.

2. In a combined rabbet-and-smooth-plane, the combination of a plane-body having a transverse mouth open at one side of said body, of a plane-cutter extending longitudinally of said body and having a transverse cutting-edge, means for securing said cutter to the plane body in position for use and with its cutting-edge in the mouth of the main-body, a guard-plate covering the open end of said mouth and having its sole in the plane of the sole of the main-body, parallel lateral pins or projections fixedly carried by said guard-plate, parallel recesses in the plane-body inclosing said pins and adapted thereby to maintain a solid connection between the forward and rearward portions of the plane-body and to prevent misalignment of the soles of the plane-body and the guard-plate, and clamping-screws engaging said pins or projections for detachably securing the guard-plate to the plane-body, substantially as described.

3. In a combined rabbet and smooth-plane, the combination of a plane-body having a transverse mouth open at one side of said body, a plane-cutter extending longitudinally of said body and having a transverse cutting-edge, means for securing said cutter to the plane-body in position for use and with its cutting edge in the mouth of the main-body, a guard-plate covering the open end of said mouth and having its sole in the plane of the sole of the plane-body, parallel lateral pins or projections peripherally recessed and fixedly carried by said guard-plate, bosses formed upon said plane-body and having parallel recesses inclosing said pins and adapted thereby to maintain a solid connection between the forward and rearward portions of the plane-body and to prevent misalignment of the soles of the plane-body and the guard-plate, and clamping-screws extending through said bosses and into the recesses thereof and having conical ends for engaging said peripheral recesses in said pins and for detachably securing the guard-plate to the plane-body, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
FRED. J. DOLE,
FREDERICK A. BOLAND.

No. 516,413 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”504″]516413

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 516,413, dated March 13, 1894.
Application filed September 1, 1893. Serial No. 484,544. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class of planes in which the plane-iron is adjustable for the purpose of bringing the same accurately into position for use, by means of adjusting-devices connected with the knife-holding apparatus.

The object of my present invention is to provide means, in a plane of the class specified, for adjusting the knife laterally thereof to bring the cutting-edge in parallelism with the face of the plane; and to make this adjustment by means of devices operating in connection with, but separately from (in point of time) the means for adjusting the plane-iron longitudinally thereof.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partially in section, of a plane embodying my present improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the plane, with the cutter, or knife, and its clamp removed, and showing the knife holding and adjusting-apparatus in place. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the plane, as seen from the right-hand in Figs. 1 and 2, the cutter or knife being in place, but the clamp-lever removed. Fig. 4 is a plan view of a portion of the plane illustrating the mode of operation of the swing-frame and the actuating lever therefor which regulates the lateral movement of the knife, the knife, knife-support and clamp being removed. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the swing-frame, in the preferred form thereof. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the swing-frame, as seen from below in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the swing-frame, as seen from the right-hand in 5 and 6. Fig. 8 is a plan view of the swing-frame-adjusting lever, in a position corresponding to the same in Figs. 1 and 2; and Fig. 9 is a side view of said lever, in a position corresponding to that shown in Fig. 1.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

For illustrating the construction and mode of operation of my present improvements and the preferred manner of applying the same, I have shown the invention applied to an ordinary iron smoothing-plane. The body of the plane is designated in a general way by B, and consists of the usual base or face, 3, divided transversely by the mouth, 4, and having the side-walls, 5 and 6; it is usually provided at the forward end thereof (at the left-hand in Figs. 1, 2 and 4,) with a knob or handle, 7, and rearwardly of the plane-mouth with a transverse pin, 3, which serves as a bearing for the clamp-lever, D. The “plane-iron” or cutter, C, shown in section in Fig. 1 and in rear elevation in Fig. 3, is set in an inclined position as indicated in the drawings, and with its edge at 9, Fig. 1, extending slightly through the mouth of the plane. The cutter or knife C being supported from below in substantially the position shown in Fig. 1, the clamp-lever D is placed thereon, underneath and in engagement with the aforesaid transverse pin or bearing 8, and with its point, 10, resting on said knife near the lower end thereof, in the usual manner. The clamp-lever is or may be operated, for the purpose of clamping and unclarnping the plane-knife or cutter C, by means of the screw, 11, carried by said clamp, and bearing at its outward end, 12, against the upper side of the plane-knife, said screw being usually operated, in practice, by means of a wheel or disk, 13, fixed thereon.

The rearward and upper end, 14, of the cutter is shown having formed in its under side a channel whose edges at 15 and 16, form guides for controlling the lateral movement of the cutter, the channel having in the top thereof a series of teeth, 17, for engaging with the corresponding notches of the main lever, E, of the adjusting-apparatus. Said main-lever is shown carried by a pivot, 18, fixed in the ears, 19 and 19′, on the rearward end of a swing-frame, 20, which lies on the upper side of the face or bottom-plate 3 of the plane, and which is provided with means for the lateral adjustment thereof. Said swing-frame has at its forward end a bearing-arm, 21, which engages in a slot, 22, formed in the plane-body; said frame is held in place longitudinally of the plane by means of the screw-stud, 23, under the head of which is journaled the forward end, 24, of the lateral-adjustment lever, 25, this lever also having a bearing, 26, in working engagement between said ears 19 and 19′ of the swing-frame, and being provided at its extreme rearward end with a suitable termination, or thumb-piece, as 25′, whereby the same may be conveniently operated. The aforesaid screw-stud 23 passes down through the slot, 27 of the swing-frame, so as to control the position of said frame when this is swung laterally, as indicated by the two positions thereof shown by solid lines and dotted lines, respectively, in Fig.4. About midway of its length, the swing-frame 20, in the preferred form thereof herein shown, has a bearing, 28, for receiving the forward end, 29, of the longitudinal-adjustment lever, 30, this lever being pivoted on a stud, 31, between the forward ends of the said arms, 32 and 32′, of the aforesaid main lever E, and having its projecting rearward end properly shaped, or furnished with a thumb-piece, as 30′, whereby the same may be actuated for operating the main lever to slide the cutter forward or backward, as the case may require. It will be observed that the forward bearing 21 of the swing-frame is on the line e (Fig. 1) about midway between the clamp-lever bearing 8 and the point 10, where the knife is clamped between the end of the clamp-lever and the bottom-plate of the plane-body. The parts here described are organized, as set forth, so that when power is applied to the rearward end of the plane-knife for swinging the same laterally, said knife will naturally turn or swing upon an axis substantially coincident with said swing-frame bearing 21. Said lateral movement of the knife C is effected through the described main lever E, which engages at the upper side thereof between the said edges 15 and 16 of the channel in the knife. By this means, when the swing-frame 20 is moved laterally by means of said actuating-lever 25, the main-lever E, being mounted on said arm, is carried sidewise, being swung about the aforesaid axis 21 in substantial coincidence with the movement of the knife itself.

For adjusting the knife longitudinally thereof, the secondary lever 30 is raised or lowered, as the case may require, thereby swinging the main lever E on its pivot 18, and forcibly sliding the plane-knife under the rounded end 12 of the clamp-lever screw 11. And by operating the lever 25, the main-lever, also designated as the knife-actuator, is moved laterally to carry the knife side-wise as required. The swing-frame, by means of the combinations and construction hereinbefore described, is closely held in place on the upper surface of the base-plate 3, the forward end of the frame-actuating lever 25 serving as a washer between the head 23′ of said screw-stud and the swing-frame; the forward end 21′ of the swing-frame comes close to the under side of the knife C, so that said frame-bearing 21 is prevented from rising out of the bearing-slot 22.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, the combination with a plane-body, and with the knife and means for clamping the same in place, of a knife-supporting actuator-lever engaging the knife longitudinally and laterally thereof, an actuator-lever-carrying frame supported for movement laterally of the knife, and means for moving said actuator-lever on the frame independently of the movement of the frame, substantially as described.

2. In a plane of the class specified, the combination with the knife having the transverse notches and the longitudinal guide-edges, and with means for clamping the same in place, of a knife-supporting actuator-lever engaging said notches and between said guide-edges, a swinging actuator-lever-carrying frame supported for movement laterally of the knife, the screw-stud holding the frame in place, and a lever journaled on said stud and engaging the frame to move this independently of the movement of the actuator-lever, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination with a plane-body, and with the knife and means for clamping the same in place, of a knife-supporting actuator-lever engaging the knife longitudinally and laterally thereof, a swinging actuator-lever-carrying frame supported for movement laterally of the knife, means for moving said frame laterally of the knife, and a lever fulcrumed. in the swing-frame and engaging the actuator-lever for operating this independently of the frame, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, a knife-supporting-and-adjusting device consisting of a laterally-movable frame having the ears 19 and 19′ and the fulcrum-bearing 28, combined with a main lever, substantially as described, pivotally supported between said ears and provided with a lever fulcrumed in said fulcrum-bearing, and means for holding in place and actuating said frame, substantially as described.

5. In a plane, the combination with the body having the frame-bearing slot 22 and the stud 23, of the frame 20 engaging at one end in said bearing-slot and having a transverse slot through which said stud extends, a lever on said stud and engaging the frame for moving the same laterally of the plane-body, and a knife-supporting-and-adjusting device carried on said frame and consisting of a lever pivoted thereto and furnished with means for operating the same, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

6. In a plane, the combination with the plane-body and with the knife and means for clamping the same, of a longitudinally movable combined knife-support and actuator in engagement with the knife, an actuator-carrier supported for movement laterally of the knife, means for simultaneously moving the actuator-carrier and knife-supporting actuator laterally of the knife and means for moving said actuator independently of the movement of the actuator-carrier, substantially as described.

7. The combination in a plane, of a plane-body, a knife and means for clamping the same, a combined knife-support and actuator carried by a frame supported for lateral movement by the plane-body, means for independently operating the knife-support to shift the knife longitudinally, and means for adjusting the frame laterally of the knife, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT

Witnesses:
F. N. STANLEY,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 515,063 – Plane (Justus A. Traut And Christian Bodmer) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”502″]515063

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND CHRISTIAN BODMER, OF NEW BRITAIN,
CONNECTICUT; SAID BODMER ASSIGNOR TO SAID TRAUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 515,063, dated February 20, 1894.
Application filed August 9, 1893. Serial No. 482,771. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and CHRISTIAN BODMER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to adjustable-mouth planes, the object being to furnish means for adjusting the mouth-slide and for holding the same in place.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan view of a portion of a plane furnished with our present improvements. Fig. 2 is a sectional side view of the plane. Figs. 3 and 4 are views similar to Figs. 1 and 2, respectively, for illustrating the mode of operation of the improvement. Fig. 5 is a view-similar to Fig. 1, showing a modification of the improvement. Fig. 6 is a sectional side view of a portion of the same. Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing another modiication.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the letter B designates the forward portion of an ordinary iron smoothing-plane of the class which are usually provided with a mouth-slide, also sometimes designated as an “adjustable front,” for regulating the width of the mouth 2, of the plane. The usual plane-iron or cutter is shown in place at 3, held under the forward end of the ordinary clamp, 4, in a well known manner.

The mouth-slide designated by 5, is shown provided with a stud, 6, preferably rigidly fixed therein as indicated in Figs. 2 and 4. Said stud 6 extends upward through the forward end, 7, of the plane-frame, and is provided on its threaded upper end with a clamping nut, 8, whereby to hold the mouth-slide in place.

According to our present improvements, the plane is furnished with a mouth-slide actuator, designated in a general way by D, and whose principal portion constitutes an adjustable block or thrust member, designated by 9, intermediate to some part of the mouth-slide and a suitable fixed stop-abutment, as, for instance, the pin 10, on the plane-frame. In the preferred form thereof shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, said actuator consists, essentially, of an eccentric disk 9; this is shown provided with a loop or outer bar, 11, bearing against the opposite side of the aforesaid abutment-pin 10, as clearly shown in said figures. By turning the actuator D toward the right-hand or left-hand, as for instance from the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to that shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the mouth-slide will be moved, in the present instance toward the right-hand for widening the open space, 2′ , between said slide and the cutter 3, as will be seen by comparison of said figures of the drawings. The actuator D, being set on the plane-frame underneath the clamp-nut 8, is thereby rigidly held in place when said nut is screwed down for holding the mouth-slide.

The actuator D is shown pivotally supported on the stud 6 of the month-slide 5, so that in connection with the actuator slot 12, and the abutment-pin 10, said actuator holds the mouth-slide positively against movement in either direction; said abutment-pin fitting closely but freely within said slot, and the forward and rearward sides of said pin constituting oppositely-disposed stop-abutments.

In Figs. 5 and 6 we have shown a modification of the invention, in which the actuator, here designated by D’, consists of an eccentric disk 9’, which fits on the clamp-screw 8’, and works between the forward and rearward abutrnents 14 and 15, of the plane-frame (see Fig. 6) so as to control the position of the mouth-slide in substantially the same manner as described in connection with Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive. Said disk 9′ is shown furnished with a knurled rim 16, whereby the operator may conveniently turn the actuator for adjusting the mouth-slide.

In Fig. 7 there is shown a further modification of the improvement, in which the actuator D” consists of a flat lever 17, fitted over the stud 6, (this being the same as the one shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive) and having a pin or stud, 18, fitting in an eccentric groove, 19, between the forward and rearward abutments 20 and 21, formed on the plane-frame and corresponding to those shown in Figs. 5 and 6 and also (in reverse order) to the forward and rearward sides of the abutment-pin 10 shown in Figs.1, 2, 3 and 4. In Fig. 7, the clamp-nut is omitted for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the other features; but it is or may be the same as the one shown in Figs. 2 and 4. In Figs. 5 and 6, the clamp-screw 22 is shown formed integral with the head 8’, and in working engagement with the corresponding internal thread of the mouth-slide, as will be understood from Fig. 6.

Having thus described our invention, we claim —

1. In a plane, in combination, aplane frame having a stop-abutment upon the upper face thereof, a mouth-slide having a fixed stem, vertical thereto, an independently operable mouth-slide actuator supported upon the upper face of the plane-frame and engaging the stem and stop-abutment so as to rotate about said stem and against said abutment, and means for clamping said actuator against the plane-frame, substantially as described.

2. In a plane, in combination, the plane-frame having an abutment or stop upon the upper face thereof, a mouth-slide, a stern fixed at one end to the mouth-slide and having a clamp-nut adjustably secured to its opposite end, an independently operable eccentric loosely carried by the stem intermediate to the upper face of the frame and the clamp-nut and in engagement with the abutment, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
CHRISTIAN BODMER.

Witnesses:
G. W. TRAUT,
H. C. HINE.

No. 473,087 – Plane-Iron (Edmund A. Schade) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”486″]473087

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE-IRON.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 473,087, dated April 19, 1892.
Application filed January 8, 1891. Serial No. 377,120. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, EDMUND A. SCHADE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Irons, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in plane-irons; and the objects of my improvement are to facilitate the manufacture of the plane-iron, to improve its quality when made, and to make the plane-iron capable of being worn down farther than the old style of iron used in connection with certain planes.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my plane-iron with cap-iron attached. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the under side of said plane-iron as laid upon the cap-iron, illustrating the manner of putting the two together; and Fig. 3 is a face view of the plane-iron in position upon the frog of the plane-stock and much worn, a portion of the plane-stock being shown in section.

The general form of the plane-iron B is the same as that in ordinary use, and the cap-iron C, with its large-headed holding-screw D, is also of ordinary construction. I provide the plane-iron B with a longitudinal slot 4, through which the body of the holding-screw D passes in holding the cap-iron upon the plane-iron and permitting the cap-iron to be adjusted up and down thereon. Instead of making the enlargement to let pass the head of the screw D, at the upper end of the plane-iron, as in the ordinary plane, I form said circular enlargement 5, at the end of the slot 4, which is nearest the cutting-edge 6. This enlargement comes so near the cutting-edge that when the screw is in the enlargement and the cap-iron and plane-iron have their edges parallel to each other, the cap-iron will project considerably over the cutting-edge. If the two parts should be held in this position when the head of the screw is being passed through the enlargement 5, in order to assemble the plane-iron and cap-iron, and then the cap-iron should be drawn upwardly to bring the screw into the slot the cap-iron would be liable to strike the cutting-edge and dull it. Instead of assembling the parts in this manner, the cap-iron and plane-iron should be held at right angles to each other and the screw-head passed through the enlargement 5, as shown in Fig. 2. The cap-iron may then be drawn upward to the upper part of the plane-iron to bring its screw into the slot and the cap-iron then turned around and secured in position, as shown in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated the plane-iron as nearly worn out by repeatedly grinding off its edge, and I have shown the same in connection with a plane-stock E, its frog F, and a laterally-adjusting lever G, having a roller 7, that projects and enters the slot 4; in the plane-iron for adjusting the same laterally. 8 designates the upper end of the lever that takes into the cap-iron for adjusting the plane-iron endwise, all as in ordinary planes; but in said figure the cap-iron is not shown, in order to better show the friction-roller 7 of the laterally-adjusting lever as it lies in the slot of the plane-iron. It will be seen that this friction-roller is still some distance from the upper end of the slot and that it may still properly engage the plane-iron until the latter is worn much shorter than shown, and so short as to wear into the circular enlargement 5 at the lower end of the slot. I have also shown in Fig. 3 in broken lines, as at 9, the contour of the circular enlargement, which is ordinarily at the upper end of the plane-iron, and it will readily be seen that with such an enlargement at the upper end of the plane-iron the laterally-adjusting lever would be inoperative.

By my improvement I adapt the plane-iron to be worn down closer than in the ordinary plane-iron and to operate in connection with the laterally-adjusting lever until the plane-iron is completely worn cut. By making the circular enlargement at the end of the slot, which is nearest the cutting-edge, I am enabled to make the plane-irons by pressing them out from sheet-steel and to harden and temper them to a point up to or beyond the lower edge of this circular enlargement with less liability of cracking the plane-irons at this point, so that fewer irons are lost in hardening and tempering, and they are less liable to become cracked or broken at said point after they are put into use. This is because there are no angular notches at the lower end of the slot from which a crack will start, and because the slot opens into the circular enlargement, so that it is less liable to strain in the expansion and contraction of the metal during the hardening and tempering process. Care is generally taken in hardening the ordinary plane-bit not to harden it quite up to the slot ; but by my improvement such care is not necessary.

I claim as my invention —

In a plane, the combination of a plane-iron having a longitudinal slot 4 with the circular enlargement at its lower end, said slot extending up near to the upper end of the bit without any enlargement at said upper end, and a laterally-adjustilig lever having a projecting part fitted to work in the upper end of said slot, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
F. N. STANLEY.

No. 402,886 – Bench-Plane (Frank M. Bailey) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”449″]402886

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK M. BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 402,886, dated May 7, 1889.
Application filed December 11, 1888. Serial No. 293,248. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK M. BAILEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes in which the cutting-bit is adjustable laterally; and the objects of my invention are to improve the general efliciency of the lateral adjustment, and also to effect said adjustment through the cap-screw.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of my plane. Fig. 2 is a transverse section thereof on the line x x of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a like view showing a modification.

A designates the plane-stock, provided with the ordinary cutting-bit, B,its cap-iron C, holding-cap D, longitudinally-adjusting lever E, and its operating-nut F, all of ordinary construction.

The bed for the cutting-bit, or, as it is more generally termed, the “frog,” 4, is cut away through its middle portion to a point a little below the screw 5, by which the holding-cap is held, in order to make room for the laterally-adjusting compound lever composed of the lower member, 6, and upper member, 7, both of which are pivoted to the frog 4 on axes perpendicular to its face, the upper member by means of the pivot 8 and the lower member by means of the screw 5. The lower end of the upper member, 7, is rounded and engages a correspondingly-shaped notch at the upper end of the lower member, whereby a movement laterally of the upper member on its pivot will also move laterally the lower member, thereby enabling the lateral adjustment to be worked with ease and a very fine adjustment to be effected.

In the preferred form I provide the lower member, 6, of the compound lever, with an opening, 9, which will receive and nearly fit the head 10 of the ordinary cap-screw for holding the cap-iron C on the cutting-bit B, whereby a lateral movement of the lever, by thus engaging the cap-screw, necessitates a lateral movement of the cap-iron and cutting-bit. As the cutting-bit wears away at its lower end it will be slipped down farther on the cap-iron; but the cap-screw will always remain at nearly the same distance from the lower end of the cutting-bit, so that the laterally-adjusting mechanism always operates upon the cutting-bit at practically the same distance from its lower end.

In Fig. 3 I have shown the same construction, with the exception that I make the opening in the lower member, 6, of the compound lever large enough not to engage the cap-screw, and I provide said lower member with an upward projection, 12, which is adapted to engage the side walls of the ordinary longitudinal slot in the cutting-bit; or in the absence of said slot said upward projection may enter a hole in the cutting-bit specially adapted to receive it. This alternative form or modification may also be used in planes in which the cap-iron and cap-screw are absent.

I claim as my invention —

1. The combination of the plane-stock provided with the frog 4, the cutting-bit, andthe laterally-adjusting compound lever consisting of the lower and upper members pivoted on axes perpendicular to the face of said frog, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of the plane-stock provided with the frog 4, the compound lever consisting of the lower member, 6, having the opening 9 and upper member, 7, both pivoted to said frog, the cutting-bit B, cap-iron C, and the cap-screw 10, the head of which screw rests within the opening 9 of said lower member of the compound lever, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

FRANK M. BAILEY.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
H. C. HINE.

No. 401,532 – Bench-Plane (Frank M. Bailey) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”448″]401532

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK M. BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 401,532, dated April 16, 1889.
Application filed December 3, 1888. Serial No. 292,540. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK M. BAILEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes of the class in which the upper end of the plane-iron is adjusted laterally;
and the object of my improvement is to provide a laterally-adjusting lever which does not necessitate the employnient of a longitudinal slot in the cutting-bit.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is vertical section of a plane-stock with a side elevation of the other parts of the plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of said plane-stock on the line x x of Fig. 1, with a face view of the parts below said line. Fig. 3 is a like view of a portion of a plane-stock and a modified form of laterally-adjusting lever. Fig. 4 is a like view showing still another form of laterally-adjusting lever, the plane of section being on the line y y of Fig. 5; and Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a complete plane, parts of which are illustrated in Fig. 4.

A designates the plane-stock provided with a cutting-bit, B, the same being held in position on its frog by means of the holding-screw 6, holding-cap C, and cam 7. In the form shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the longitudinal adjusting-lever 8 is provided with teeth 9 at its forward end on its upper face, and is moved on its axis by the adjusting-nut 10, which travels up and down upon a screw-threaded post, 11. The central portion of the cutting-bit B, with this form of longitudinally-adjusting mechanism, is provided with a longitudinal series of transverse slots, into which the teeth 9 of the lever 8 engage for adjusting the cutting-bit longitudinally, all as in a well-known prior plane.

Upon the plane-stock underneath the cutting-bit, I pivot the laterally-adjusting lever 12, which lever is provided with laterally-extending arms 13 13, at the outer ends of each of which there is an upwardly-projecting lug, 14, for engagement with the two outer edges of the cutting-bit B. in Figs. 1 and 2 this lever is pivoted to the stock in a central position at a point below the teeth 9 of the longitudinally-adjusting lever, and the central portion of the lever 12 at this point is out away or provided with an opening, through which the engaging end of the lever 8 may project. The laterally-extending arms 13 and upwardly-projecting lugs 14 are formed integral with the lever 12. In the form shown in Fig. 3 these arms and lugs are formed of a separate piece from the lever 12, arranged to slide laterally, and are secured to said lever by the pin 15, so that the lateral movement of the lever 12 carries with it the upwardly-projecting lugs 14. In Figs. 4 and 5 the arms 13 and upwardly-projectings lugs 14 are also formed integral with the lever 13; but the pivot for said lever is located above said arm and lugs. The longitudinally-adjusting mechanism in this latter construction consists of an angle-lever, 16, and adjusting-screw 17, the upper end of the lever 16 taking into the cap-iron 18 of the cutting-bit, all as in a well-known prior construction.

In all of the various forms shown the two outer edges of the cutting-bit are received in between the upwardly-projecting lugs 14 14, so as to be engaged thereby, and the lever is pivoted to the stock underneath the cutter and vibrates laterally in a plane which is parallel to that of the cutting-bit. A lateral movement of the lever on its fulcrum causes the upwardly-projecting lugs to move laterally with said lever. One or the other of the upwardly-projecting lugs 14 (according to which direction the lever is moved) will engage with one edge of the cutting-bit and carry said bit laterally to adjust its lower edge, so as to be square with the stock, the general effect being the same as in lateral adjustments heretofore employed.

I do not claim, broadly, a lever pivoted to the stock underneath and parallel with the cutting-bit for rnoving it laterally; but, so far as I know, these laterally-adjusting levers, when directly engaging the cutting-bit, have been made to engage the cuting-bit at a point midway between its two edges.

I claim as my invention —

In a benoh-plane, the combination of the cutting-bit, a laterally-adjusting lever, the laterally-projecting arms and upwardly-projecting lugs moving laterally with said lever and adapted to engage the outer edges of the cutting-bit, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

FRANK M. BAILEY.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
F. N. STANLEY.

No. 386,509 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”440″]386509

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 386,509, dated July 24, 1888.
Application filed April 17, 1888. Serial No. 270,273. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, which improvement is fully set forth and described in the following specification.

Reference is also made to the sheet of drawings annexed hereto, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane having my improvement embodied therein. Fig. 2 is a sectional detail view of the same on line x x of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a like view with the cutting-bit attached. Fig. 4 is a sectional detailed view on a central longitudinal line. Fig. 5 is a detached perspective view of the lever by means of which the cutting-bit is rocked or adjusted laterally, as hereinafter explained.

The class of planes to which my invention relates is that in which the cutting-bit may be adjusted laterally relative to its seat for the purpose of bringing the cutting-edge of said bit parallel with the throat, or, in other words, square with the plane-stock. A familiar type of said class is shown and fully described in my Patents No. 306,877 issued October 21, 1884, and No. 376,455, January 17, 1888, to which patents reference is hereby made.

The object of my present invention is to improve the construction of the lever employed to adjust the bit laterally, so that said device may work easier and with less friction than heretofore. To produce this desired result I have secured to the bit-engaging end of the adj usting-lever an anti-frictional disk that partially rotates on its axial pivot, as I will proceed to describe.

The letter B denotes the cutting-bit; A, the seat provided for said bit in the so-called “frog” of the plane, and C the cap-iron.

a indicates my new form of lever provided to adjust the bit in a lateral direction. Said lever is perforated, as at a’, to slip over a pin, a2, near the rear end of the bit-seat A, said pin forming the fulcrum on which the lever swings. The bit-seat is recessed, as atb, to receive said lever, said recess being of such depth that the lever may move freely between the bit and frog when the several parts are assembled for use. The lower or short arm of lever a has pivoted to its bit-engaging side a disk, c, that may rotate freely on its pivot. This disk, when the parts are assembled, projects upward into the bit slot d. (See Figs. 3 and 4.)

When it is desired to adjust the bit to square it with the plane-stock, the free end of lever a is swung to one side — as, for example, in Fig. 3 — which action moves the short arm of said lever in the opposite direction, and the disk c carries with or before it the bit B. During this adjusting operation disk c partially revolves on its axial pivot, and so reduces in a considerable degree the friction of the engaging parts.

My device, as described, may be applied to planes of this class without any material changes, and does not add to the cost of such tools.

I claim as my invention —

In combination with the stock and bit of a plane, a lever for laterally adjusting said bit, and the rotary disk pivoted on the shorter arm of said lever and engaging the longitudinal slot of said bit, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
HENRY S. WALTER,
H. C. HINE.

No. 378,854 – Grooving And Boxing Tool For Carriage-Makers (Justus A. Traut) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”430″]378854

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

GROOVING AND BOXING TOOL FOR CARRIAGE-MAKERS.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,854, dated February 28, 1888.
Application filed July 6, 1886. Serial No. 207212. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Grooving and Boxing Tools for Carriage-Makers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in carriage-makers’ tools of the class usually termed “rooters;” and one object of my invention is to increase the utility and efficiency of the tool, so that it may do the work of several separate tools as heretofore constructed.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my tool in the form adapted to do the work of one style of rooter. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same, together with a piece of work. Fig. 3 is a reverse plan view of said tool. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the same tool differently adjusted, so as to perform the work of another style of rooter, said figure also showing a piece of work. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of one side of one of the ears to which the handles are attached. Fig. 6 is a like view of that face of the handle which confronts the face of the handle-ears, Fig. 5. Fig. 6a is a transverse section on line y y, Fig. 1, of the stock of my tool, showing the other parts in side elevation. Fig. 7 is a reverse plan view of the middle portion of my tool, corresponding to Fig. 3, but with shoes or guides added thereto. Fig. 8 is a view showing the back side of the cutter for the rooter. Fig. 9 is a reverse plan view of my tool arranged for use as a boxer or paneling-tool. Fig. 10 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 11 is a transverse section of the same on line x x of Fig. 10, and Fig. 12 is a like section of the same with the cutting-tool reversed.

A designates the stock of my implement, which stock is substantially a flat block with smooth under side and edges, having an upwardly-projecting tool-post, a, and handle-ears b b. For convenience of holding the handles B B in the desired positions, a rib, c, Fig. 5, is formed on the face of the handle-ears b b, and as many grooves, d, Fig. 6, are formed on the face of the handle-shank as may be desired, into either of which grooves the rib may enter to hold the handles in the desired position. The screw e serves as a pivot on which the handles turn after-the screw has been loosened sufficiently to let the rib c disengage the grooves. The screw alone might be depended upon to hold the handles in place; but by the use of the rib c and grooves there is less liability of displacement from any given adjustment. These screws e are substantially parallel with a transverse line across the under face of the stock, to enable the handles to be set for use in the relation to the under face of the stock shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, or as in Fig. 4. For most uses the handles will beset parallel with the stock A, as in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10.

Side guides or gages, C C, are secured upon the stock A, the same being fitted to slide thereon and to be fastened in place, when adjusted, by means of the set-screws f. The stock A has an opening by the side of the tool-post a, through which the shank of the T-shaped tool D passes, said tool being held in position by the yoke E and its clamp-screw g. The two ends of the cross member of the T-shaped tool D are made hooked, as shown most clearlyin Figs. 3 and 7, to form, respectively, right and left hand cutters, either of which may be used. The shank of the tool is grooved longitudinally and fits a vertical rib on the side of the tool-post a. The gages G C can be set to have the ends of the cutters project a distance equal to the desired depth of cut.

F, Fig. 2, designates a piece of work such as the rooter is designed to groove, the implement being shown in said figure in position for forming said groove, the under face of the stock gaging the distance of the groove from the top of the work, while the gage C will gage the depth of cut. In starting a groove with the rooter, the cutter may be prevented from taking too rank a cut by canting the position of the tool with reference to the work, letting one handle fall backward and the other forward, so that the forward corner of one of the gages C may come against the work. As the groove deepens, the operator will give the tool a less canting position to feed the cutter in as fast as may be desired, until finally that part of the gage near the cutter bears on the work and the tool can cut no deeper without changing the gage.

If desired, shoes or guards k k may be secured to the under side of the gages C C just in front of the cutter, as shown in Fig. 7, so as to prevent the cutter from working too rank; but when the tool is used as above described these shoes are not essential.

In Fig. 4, G designates a piece of work of a different form, and in order to adapt the tool for this work the handles are adjusted into a position at right angles to the stock, so that the implement may be applied to the work as illustrated and then conveniently operated by the handles.

In Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12 the implement is arranged for use as a boxer or paneling-tool. The T-shaped tool D and depth-gages C C are removed and the tool H substituted for the tool D. Like tools of varying widths are furnished, either of which may be used. This tool thus arranged may be used for sinking a box or panel or for smoothing the surface thereof. It will ordinarily be used as arranged in Figs. 9, 10, and 11; but sometimes for working in cramped places it may be desirable to secure the tool upon the other side of the tool-post a and reverse the position of the yoke E, as shown in Fig. 12.

I claim as my invention —

1. The combination of the stock A, having handles B B, the T-shaped cutter D, having a cutting-edge at each end of its cross member, whereby right or left hand cuts may be made without special adjustment, mechanism for holding said cutter, and the gages C C, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of the stock, right and left gages and cutters adapted for use in cutting lateral grooves either on the right or left side of vertical faces, and the handles B B, pivoted on axes which are substantially parallel with a transverse line across the under face of the stock and adapted to be adjusted and secured at different angles to the stock, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

3. The herein-described convertible rooter and boxer, consisting of the stock A, having a flat under face, the rooting and boxing cutters fltted for separate application to the stock, clamping mechanism for holding either of said cutters with their cutting end projecting below the bottom face of the stock, and attachable and detachable transverse gages for attachment to the bottom face of the stock, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JOHN EDWARD, Jr.,
JAMES SHEPARD.

No. 378,704 – Bench-Plane (Charles L. Mead And Justus A. Traut) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”429″]378704

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES L. MEAD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND JUSTUS A. TRAUT,
OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,704, dated February 28, 1888.
Application filed August 24, 1885. Serial No. 175,142. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES L. MEAD, of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, and JUSTUS A. TRAUT, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, both citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in adjusting the plane-irons laterally.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, of a bench-plane which embodies our invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same with the holding-cap removed. Fig. 3 is a face view of a portion of the frog and the laterally-adjusting lever. Fig. 4 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, showing a modification of our invention; and Fig. 5 is a face view of a portion of the frog and laterally-adjusting lever of the plane represented in Fig. 4.

We have illustrated our improvement as applied to a Bailey plane, in which the cutter is adjusted up and down by means of the lever A and the nut B; but it may be used in connection with planes having different mechanism for adjusting the cutter up and down. At the upper end of the frog C we pivot the laterally-adjusting lever D, the handle of which lies under the upper end of the cutter E. On the short end of this lever there is an upwardly-projecting pin or stud, a, the length of which pin is longer than the thickness of the cutter E and nearly equal to the combined thickness of the cutter E and the cap-iron F. In use this cap-iron and cutter are secured together by a screw in the ordinary manner. The cap-iron F is provided with a T shaped slot, (shown most clearly in Fig. 2,) the transverse portion of which slot receives the upper end of the adjusting-lever A, while that portion of the slot which extends longitudinally with the cap-iron receives the upper end of the pin a. Inasmuch as the cap-iron has but a very slight up and down movement, the slot for this pin can be made quite short. By turning the lever B to the right or left, as may be required, the upper end of the cap-iron and cutter may be carried to either side, so as to bring their edges square with the stock.

In Figs. 4 and 5 we have shown a modification of our invention, in which we have a similar lever, D’, pivoted in like manner to the frog C; but instead of having a pin in its short end said end is slotted, as shown in Fig. 5, and the cap-iron F has rigidly secured to it a pin, a’, which extends downward through the ordinary slot in the cutter and into the slot of the laterally-adjusting lever. In both constructions the laterally-adjusting lever is made to engage directly with the cap-iron, and is connected thereto by a pin-and-slot connection.

We are aware of the patents to Traut, No. 306,877, October 21, 1885; Gage, No. 323,804, August 4, 1885, and Nicht, No. 173,177 , February 8, 1876, and hereby disclaim all that is shown and described in said patents. By our improvements the construction of the laterally-adjusting lever and its connection is so simple as to be produced at the smallest possible cost. It is also as convenient to use as that of any prior plane. In these prior devices when the lever or the fulcrum block on the lever takes into the slot of the cutting-bit the end of the lever or block must be properly fitted to the slot of the cutter, and when a cutter with a slot of different width is employed the adjusting-lever will not fit it. By our improvement different cutters may be used without reference to the width of the ordinary slot in the cutting-bit.

While the Gage patent shows the laterally-adjusting lever connected with the cap-iron, it necessitates the employment of an additional element — viz., the fulcrum block — not required in our combination.

In the Traut and Nicht patents the laterally-adjusting lever bears against the side edges of the slot in the cutter at some considerable distance each side of a longitudinal line passing through the fulcrum-pin. In our device the bearing of said laterally-adjusting lever on the pin which connects its slotted end with the cap-iron is nearly on said longitudinal line, and consequently said lever works with greater ease and less friction and with less wear.

We claim as our invention —

In at bench-plane, the laterally-adjusting lever pivoted to the frog just underneath the cutter and connected directly with the cap-iron by a pin-and-slot connection, the pin of which extends through the slot in the cutter, but does not engage the cutter, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

CHAS L. MEAD.
JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
CHAS B. STANLEY.

No. 378,494 – Bench-Plane (Henry M. Clark) (1888)

No. 378,494 – Bench-Plane (Henry M. Clark) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”428″]378494

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY M. CLARK, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,494, dated February 28, 1888.
Application filed July 23, 1887. Serial No. 245,046. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY M. CLARK, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the bit-adjusting mechanism of bench-planes; and the object of the improvement is to simplify the construction and to allow the several parts to be cheaply made and quickly assembled with but little fitting.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of the stock or body of a plane of my new construction with cutting-bit and holding-cap removed. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of said plane on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan of the cutting-bit, and Fig. 4 an under side view of the lever by means of which said bit is moved laterally to square its cutting-edge with the stock.

The arrangement of the devices by means of which I effect both a lateral and longitudinal adjustment of the bit is believed to be new and forms an essential feature of my invention. Heretofore, so far as I know, the mechanism for adjusting the bit longitudinally has been connected directly with the cutting-bit or its cap-iron. In my improvement the lever for lateral adjustment forms the means of connecting the bit with the longitudinal adjustment, and thereby constitutes an essential part of said longitudinal adjustment.

In the drawings, a indicates the stock of the plane; b, the cutting-bit; c, the holding-cap, and d the screw provided for locking the cap and bit in their respective positions, the parts thus far named being old and well known. The solid portion,or so-called “frog,” of the stock a is inclined on its upper face at a proper angle to produce a shaving cut of the bit b, which bit rests on said frog at its lower end, and is slotted, as at e, to allow said bit to move both laterally and lengthwise without engaging the cap-screw d. That portion of the frog which is designed to receive the lever g is cut down, as at f, so that when the parts are assembled said lever lies underneath the bit with its upper surface in line with the forward part of the frog. The inner end of said lever is provided with a slot, h, which straddles a pin, i, projecting from the frog, said slot and pin forming a floating fulcrum for said lever. Between said fulcrum and the free end of lever g is a pivot-pin, k, projecting upward from said lever, and adapted to enter any one of a series of holes, m, in bit b.

Assuming, now, that we have a plane of the construction thus far described, the lateral movement of lever g in either direction will move the cutting-bit b (in the same direction) a distance proportionate to the leverage provided. In order to add to said construction mechanism for moving the bit longitudinally to govern the depth of the cut, I have provided transverse recesses or grooves n in the under side of lever g, and have connected therewith a toothed plate, o, pivoted in the stock a, and actuated by a thumb-nut, p, on a fixed screw, q. This device in itself is well known and needs no detailed description, and other known mechanism for longitudinal adjustment may be substituted therefor. It will now be understood that when it is desired to increase the depth of out the turning of thumb-nut p to the left hand will elevate the forked end of the plate o, and thus move forward lever g and the cutting-bit, to which said lever is attached by pin k.

Lever g is allowed to move lengthwise a considerable distance by the fulcrum-slot h, and as the bit becomes worn and shortened pin k may be entered in the next hole, m, of the series. To adjust bit b laterally to square its cutting-edge with stock a, the free end of lever g is swung to one side, as above noted, the action being the same as in planes of this class now in common use. When said lever is thus moved laterally, the recesses or grooves n, being of considerable length, remain in engagement with the teeth of plate o, so that the bit may be adjusted longitudinally without adjusting it laterally, or vice versa.

I am aware that a prior patent for a bench-plane shows and describes an adjusting-screw connected to and operating a longitudinally-sliding block that is clamped to the under side of the cutting-bit by a screw which passes through a fellow plate on the upper side of the cutting-bit and through the slot in said bit, which block, fellow plate, and screw form the sole means of connecting the adjusting-screw with the cutting-bit. The said sliding block and fellow plate have connected thereto a laterally-adjusting lever, the same being carried longitudinally with said block and fellow plate. Such a plane, having a laterally-adjusting lever which merely rides upon the mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bit longitudinally without forming an essential part of said longitudinal adjusting mechanism, is hereby disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination of the laterally-adjusting lever, the mechanism for operating directly upon said lever for adjusting it longitudinally, and the cutting-bit connected to said laterally-adjusting lever, whereby said lever forms an essential part of the mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bit longitudinally, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination of the cutting-bit having a series of holes, m, the laterally-adjusting lever let into the face of the frog and fulcrumed thereon by a pin-and-slot connection, said lever also having a pin for insertion in one of the holes m, and mechanism applied directly to said lever for adjusting it, and through it the bit in a longitudinal direction, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

HENRY M. CLARK.

Witnesses:
JOHN EDWARDS, Jr.,
JAMES SHEPARD.

No. 376,455 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”426″]376455

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 376,455, dated January 17, 1888.
Application filed July 23, 1887. Serial No. 245,062. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, which improvements are so described in detail in the following specification as to enable others skilled in the art to which they pertain to make and use the same, reference being also had to the annexed sheet of drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan view of a plane-stock with bit-adjusting devices attached thereto, the position of the bit being indicated in dotted lines. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a plane, with a portion of the stock (on line x x, Fig. 1) in section to expose the operative parts of the tool.

These improvements are applicable to bench-planes in which provision is made for both lateral and longitudinal adjustment ofthe cutting-bit, a familiar type of said planes being shown in my former patent, No. 306,877, of October 11, 1884. In said former patent I have experienced some inconvenience in pivoting the lever which provides lateral adjustment of the bit, and also in combining in a practical manner said lever with certain forms of mechanism for providing longitudinal adjustment.

My present improvements are intended to overcome these defects and to utilize in the best possible manner the limited space devoted to these mechanisms.

Referring to the drawings, the letter a indicates a plane-stock, b the notched plate by which longitudinal adjustment of the bit c is attained, d the thumb-nut which actuates said plate, and e the screw which holds the cap-section k in place, said section being brought into bearing on said bit by means of the cam f which is pivoted thereto, all of these parts being old in this class of planes.

Immediately below the bit c is located a lever, g, whose inner end is perforated and preferably tapped to fit the threaded portion of screw e. This screw is thus made to serve as the fulcrum of said lever, and simplifies in a considerable degree the construction of the plane. When tapped out, as above stated, the fit should be loose enough so there will be no tendency to turn and loosen screw e as the lever is swung from side to side. By threading the hole in the lever and pivoting it on the threaded portion of the screw, the lever is always held in proper position on the frog, so that it will not become displaced when the cap-section is removed. Said lever is formed with an integral upwardly-projecting rib, h, which enters a slot in bit c (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1) and acts to move said bit substantially the same as the lever in my said former patent, with this exception, that in the present instance the manner of pivoting forms a lever of the second order instead of the first, as before. Lever g, as it leaves the fulcrum-screw, is bent laterally and extends rearward at one side of the notched plate b, and is then preferably brought back into the same vertical plane as the pivoted end first described. (See Fig. 1.) This laterally-bent form of adjusting-lever allows me to enlarge, strengthen, and alter the mechanism provided for longitudinal adjustment of the bit, and to adopt other means of longitudinal adjustment which would lie in the path of straight levers as now commonly used.

Having described my improvements, I claim as new and wish to secure by Letters Patent —

1. In combination with the stock and cutting-bit of a bench-plane, a lever for laterally adjusting said bit, fulcrumed on the screw which secures the cap section, in substantially the manner and for the purpose herein specified.

2. In combination with the stock and bit of a plane, a lever for laterally adjusting said bit, said lever being tapped to fit and fulcrumed on the cap-screw, substantially as and for the objects specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
F. N. STANLEY.

No. 355,031 – Bench-Plane (Samuel D. Sargent) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”418″]355031

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL D. SARGENT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 355,031, dated December 28, 1886.
Application filed September 6, 1886. Serial No. 212,803. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL D. SARGENT, a citizen oi the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, and has particular relation to the manner of holding the cutting-bit within the stock.

One object of my improvement is to produce a plane in which the bit can be clamped by fewer and more direct motions, and therefore more conveniently, than heretofore.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my plane. Fig. 2 is a side view of the same, partly in section and partly in elevation. Fig. 3 is a like view with the holding-cap placed in position with its lever raised ready for clamping the bit. Fig. 4. is a plan view of my holding-cap and its lever detached from the plane, and Fig. 5 is a like view of the reverse side of the same.

The stock A and the means for adjusting the cutting-bit after it is clamped within said stock may be of any ordinary construction.

B designates a headed screw set in a threaded hole in the frog or stock in the ordinary manner of this class of planes, so that by screwing it in or out the distance between the under side of the screw-head and the upper side of the cutting-bit C may be adjusted. A fixed stud with an adjustable head or a headed bolt adjusted by a nut would be the equivalent of this screw.

D is the holding cap or wedge, having a hole near its center, as viewed in plan view, which hole is large enough to let the head of the screw B pass through it. Pivoted to this cap by means of the pintle a is the clamping-lever E, the upper end of which is preferably of a form which will serve as a handle for the plane, while its lower and short end is slotted to take under the head of the screw upon two sides. The slot in this lever opens into the central hole in the cap. Said slot also extends both forward and backward of the pintle a, and hence said pintle is in two parts — one on each side of said slot — as indicated by the broken lines in Fig. 5.

The holding-cap is so formed on its under side as to bear upon the cutter only at the ends of said cap. After setting the bit in place the holding-cap and attached lever are placed on the bit (or on the cap-iron in case of a double plane-iron) by letting the central hole pass over the screw-head, then slipping the holding-cap downward to let the slotted end of the lever under the head of the screw, as shown in Fig. 3. The long end of the lever E is then depressed, when said lever fulcrums on the under side of the screw-head and carries the holding-cap downward into the position shown in Fig. 2, in which the pintle a (indicated by the broken circle) is slightly in advance of the lever on the screw-head, and consequently the pressure on the screw will hold the lever in its clamping position. If the adjusting-screw is properly set, the bit will be then firmly clamped. In putting in the clamping device the operator takes hold of the handle only and sets the holding-cap in place, then merely presses the outer end of the handle obliquely downward with only one motion. It will thus be seen that in clamping the bit the movement of the cap and lever-handle is practically in the same direction — forward and downward — and therefore these parts are more conveniently handled than parts which require to be moved in reverse directions — as, for instance, when the lever requires to be first moved backward and upward, as is the case in several prior planes. The clamping mechanism is also believed to be very efficient.

I claim as my invention —

In a plane, the combination of the holding-screw B, the holding-cap D, adapted to bear at each end upon the bit, and the clamping-lever pivoted or hinged to said cap between the bearing ends and having its upper face adapted to engage and fulcrum upon the under side of the screw-head, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

SAMUEL D. SARGENT.

Witnesses:
F. N. STANLEY,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 350,613 – Bench-Plane (Frank M. Bailey) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”415″]350613

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK M. BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 350,613, dated October 12, 1886.
Application filed March 23, 1885. Serial No. 196,285. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK M. BAILEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, and has particular reference to mechanism for adjusting the cutter.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple, convenient, and inexpensive mechanism for this purpose.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a bench-plane showing my adjusting mechanism, and Fig. 2 is in part a longitudinal section through the adjusting mechanism and in part an elevation.

The plane in its general feature is of ordinary construction, of which a designates the cutting-bit-, b the cap-iron, and A the holding cap or clamp for holding the cutter in place. I pivot an angle-lever, c, in the body of the holding cap A, with one arm of said lever projecting through the holding-cap into a hole made to receive it in the cap-iron b in case of a plane having a double iron, or in the cutter itself or some part rigidly affixed thereto in case of a plane having a single iron. The outer end of the lever, as shown, has two arms, d d, which constitute the operating-handles for moving the lever to adjust the cutter up or down. These two handles are a convenience, as by pressing upon one of them the cutter is forced downward, while pressing upon the other forces the cutter upward. Only one arm, however, is necessary, as that will operate to adjust the cutter both ways by pulling outward or depressing said arm.

The main feature of my invention resides in the adjusting-lever pivoted to the holding-cap, and having a handle which forms a part of said lever upon the upper front side of said holding-cap.

I am aware that it is old to employ a lever having one arm connected with the cutter, while the other arm serves as an operating-handle of a plane-bit-adjusting mechanism, said lever being pivoted to the stock underneath and back of the cutting-bit, and the same is hereby disclaimed. Such an adjusting-lever can only be reached by the ends of one’s fingers, and is very inconvenient to operate, besides being in the way when grasping the handle of the plane. By my invention all the space under the frog and in front of the handle is left open and unobstructed, so that there is plenty of room for the fingers of the operator while grasping the handle, and no liability of hitting and hurting the fingers, as there is in planes having this space cramped by an adjusting mechanism. The construction is also very much simplified, so that the plane can be produced at a small cost. It also enables me to use a T form of lever when desired, so that the cutter can be adjusted both up and down by covering the two arms d d with the palm of one’s hand and bearing down upon either arm. Such a mode of adjusting cannot be employed when the adjusting-lever is placed back of and underneath the cutting-bit. Even with only one arm for an operating-handle, the lever is much more accessible and more conveniently operated than in any prior plane known to me.

I am also aware that an adjusting mechanism for a plane iron is shown in a prior patent as provided with an operating-screw for the adjusting mechanism, the handle of which screw is upon the upper front side of the holding cap or clamp, and I hereby disclaim the same.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a bench plane, the combination of the cutting-bit a, the holding cap or clamp A, and the adjusting-lever pivoted thereto and having its operating-handle on the upper front side of said holding cap or clamp, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a bench-plane, the adjusting angle-lever c, having one arm for connecting with the cutting-bit projected through the holding cap or clamp A and pivoted thereto, and the two arms d d, extending in opposite directions from the main arm upon the upper front side of the cap, to serve as operating-handles, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

FRANK M. BAILEY.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.