Tag: Pine Meadow

No. 696,081 – Plane (Henry Richards) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”561″]696081

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY RICHARDS, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY,
OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 696,081, dated March 25, 1902.
Application filed November 2, 1901. Serial No. 80,854. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, HENRY RICHARDS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pine Meadow, in the town of New Hartford, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates principally to the manner of seating frogs upon the stocks of bench-planes. Stocks are generally cast with wide and broad thick seats, thus making a large mass of metal at one portion of a thin casting, which engenders trouble both in casting the stock and subsequently in finishing the same. In casting the thin plates forming the sole and sides of the stock cool, while the thick mass forming the seat is still hot, so that as the latter subsequently cools stresses are set up, which are liable to cause flaws in the castings. In finishing these stresses become manifest when the bottom surface of the sole is faced off by throwing the surface out of alinement, making an extra finishing operation necessary. Moreover, finishing a broad surface for the frog-seat often throws the stock out of true, necessitating a further cut to be taken upon the bottom surface thereof. Metal planes are peculiarly sensitive to the action of such stresses, since the sole and flanges thereof are necessarily made thin in order to minimize the weight, and hence warp from very slight causes. Moreover, the weight of a broad and wide solid seat for the frog, with which the stock is usually provided, is a source of objection. For this reason it is impracticable to form threaded holes of requisite depth for properly receiving the vertical frog-clamping screws, so that stripping of the threads is liable to occur and the screws do not reliably clamp the frog upon its seat. Moreover, said seats have not sufficient thickness to properly accommodate a fore-and-aft frog-adjusting screw. Many of these defects are due to the necessity of lowering the seat of the frog as far as possible, so that the seat may extend close to the throat, thus making the unsupported fore part of the frog of minimum length to avoid chattering. It is principally for this reason that said seat cannot in good practice be of such height as to have a substantial bracing effect upon the stock, so that the latter is very liable to warp, even being distorted in some cases by the mere tightening of the frog-clamping screws. Again, planes as heretofore constructed have been more or less liable to chatter, this fault being-attributed to the upward pressure or reaction of the wood against the edge of the blade, whereby the fore part of the frog is sprung, thus setting up a vibration. This is particularly the case when the wood is hard and resistinge — as, for instance, in facing rose-wood across the end of the grain. Owing to this defect the range of work which can be performed by a plane of the usual structure is seriously reduced, so that it is necessary in most cases when facing across the end of the grain to employ a different type of a plane specially fitted for the work.

This invention aims to improve the operation of the plane and increase its range of usefulness and also to enable high-class planes to be produced at low cost by overcoming various difficulties in their manufacture. I greatly reduce the stresses which are set up by the cooling of the stock in casting, so as to prevent flaws and also minimize the liability of the stock warping at the finishing operations, and I restrict such stresses to a limited portion of the plane considered lengthwise, thus avoiding the usual depressions or hollows in the stock, due to shrinkage. I reduce the surface forming the main seat for the frog, so that the finishing thereof may not warp the stock, and distribute the metal in such a manner that the stock is substantially stiffened without adding to its weight unduly, if at all. I make provision for threaded holes of ample depth and capacity and seat the frog so firmly upon the stock as not only to prevent chattering, but also to greatly improve the effectiveness of the plane and increase its range of efficiency and to steady the fore part of the frog at the point where the plane-iron is clamped thereon, while permitting ample adjustment for closing or opening the throat, and also prevent chattering of the plane, due to the springing of the frog, by either the downward drag or the upward resistance of the wood. In general I furnish a construction adapted to meet all of the numerous and peculiar requirements necessary in practice for satisfactory results in planes of this class, and especially when employed upon highly-resistant woods and when set for the production of fine surfaces, in which cases any flexibility or chattering is particularly objectionable.

A further object of my invention is to overcome a fault in the cam usually employed to clamp the plane-irons upon the frog, whereby the pressure at the lower portion of the blade is relieved and chips are permitted to crowd up between the blade and the cap-plate thereon.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a plane made in accordance with my improvements. Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken on the line x x of Fig. 3 and showing an adjustable frog from the rear. Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the frog and parts adjacent thereto shown at Fig. 1, this section being taken on the median line of the plane. Fig. 4 is a section similar to Fig. 3, but taken on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a plan of the middle section of my improved plane-stock and showing also a frog-adjusting screw. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 4, but showing the frog as adjusted forwardly so as to nearly close the throat.

In the several views similar parts are designated by similar numerals of reference.

The plane-stock may consist of a thin floor or sole 1, finished upon its bottom surface, and thin side flanges 2, connected forwardly of the throat 3 by means of a thin high stiffening-rib 4. The stock may also be provided with the usual back handle 5 and front knob 6. At a point well in rear of the throat I join the flanges 2 by a high rib 7, which may be rather thin in cross-section, and trusses the side flanges, producing a stilf box-like device. The top edge of the rib is faced off at 7a in parallelism with the bottom or working surface of the stock. Upon the forward side of the rib 7 I provide bosses 8, one at each side of the median line of the plane, in which I form threaded vertical holes 9 for the reception of screws 10, which clamp a frog 11 upon the stock. At a point between the bosses 8 I form in the rib 7 a threaded horizontal perforation 12 for the reception of a screw 13, whereby the frog may be adjusted forward and back, so as to close or open the throat 3. Along the rear edge of the throat I thicken the sole and finish its upper surface at 14 in parallelism with the top 7a of the rib 7, so that the surfaces 14 and 7a may cooperate to form a chair for the frog. The thickened portion at 14 braces the comparatively weak sole of the plane at this point, but is very much depressed below the surface 7a, so that said surfaces form steps, which are separated, so as to give a broad bearing for the frog.

The frog consists of the body portion 11 and a forwardly-sloping bed 15, the lower part of the latter at 15a projecting downwardly and forwardly from the body portion. At its lower edge said projecting part is fitted upon the step 14, so that the frog may be adjusted forward and back in parallelism with the working face of the plane and be always firmly seated upon the chair. As will be observed at Fig. 4, the frog is provided with slots 16 for the binding-screws 10, permitting the adjustment of the frog, which may be effected by means of the fore-and-aft screw 13, whose grooved head engages a slotted ear 17, secured to the frog by a screw 18.

A blade 19 lies upon the bed 15 and projects beyond the lower edge thereof into the throat 3. This blade may be of the usual construction and is provided with a customary cap-plate 20. The usual longitudinal and transverse adjustments may be effected by means of a screw-operated yoke-lever 21 and a swinging lever 22. The plate-irons 10 and 20 are releasably secured upon the bed by means of a clamping-bow 23, which bears at its lower end upon the cap-plate 20 and at its upper end is provided with an improved cam-lever 24 and works upon the head of a screw 25, projecting from the frog.

It will be observed that by dividing the chair into two well-separated portions abroad seat is obtained for the frog without unduly weighting the plane. The forward step 14 steadies the frog, and hence the blade, at a point close at the working surface of the plane, the plane being adjustable for different kinds of work without detracting from the steadiness of the frog at this point. The high truss 7 renders the stock especially rigid at the very point where the distortive stresses are produced by the clamping-screws, so that the frog may be securely clamped upon its broad chair without warping the thin plane-stock.

The feature of adequately supporting the fore part of the frog when it is adjusted forwardly for different classes of work, as at Fig. 6, is of great importance in my improved plane, since the blade is always given a firm bearing at a point very close to its cutting edge. My improvement is of great value when the plane is used upon highly-resistant woods and when set for the production of line surfaces, in which case any flexibility of the knife is particularly objectionable, producing chattering and making it difiicult or impossible to produce the desired finish. It will also be seen that by dividing the chair into two steps and placing one thereof close to the edge of the throat, so as to afford a positive support for the lower edge of the frog, I am able to heighten the rear step materially, and I thus not only materially stiffen the thin plane-stock, but apply the stiffening-truss at the very portion which is subjected to the most stress. Moreover, I am enabled to increase the depth of the holes for the clamping-screws and also to make ample provision for a fore-and-aft adjusiing-screw and all without adding materially to the weight, but instead reducing the objectionable thickness of metal usual in stock of this kind.

A further and important feature of my improvements appertains to the means illustrated for putting the fore part or nose of the frog normally under tension, whereby I am enabled to secure a perfect action of the plane. As will be observed at Fig. 4, the clamping-screws 10 bear upon the frog at a point between the two steps of the chair, thereby not only clamping the body of the frog securely upon the rear step, but also tending to flex the fore part of the frog and holding it down upon the seat 14 with considerable pressure. Owing to this normal tension upon the frog, it results that applying pressure to or removing it from the blade when planing operates in a far less degree than heretofore to spring the frog. It will be understood that when a frog is held upon a broad single seat by means of screws located in the usual manner this normal stress or tension of the frog is wanting, and the fore part of the frog consequently is left somewhat flexible, so that the pressure of the wood upward under the point of the blade springs up both the blade and the frog and permits a vibration which in many cases amounts to a chattering of the edge of the blade upon the wood. Thus it will be seen that I not only provide a positive support at all times for the fore part of the frog, but also that I spring said fore part upon said support, so that the blade is prevented from chattering either by the downward pull or by the upward thrust of the wood. I thus widen the range of work for which this type of plane is adapted and secure a more reliable operation and better results generally on all kinds of work.

Owing to the proximity of the clamping-screws to the rear-step 7a and their remoteness from the forward step 14, the pressure upon the frog is distributed between the two steps in substantial correspondence to the relative abilities of the two portions of the thin stock to sustain the pressure, without warping or distortion, so that the frog is thus put into condition to avoid chattering without incurring a liability of distorting the stock.

The cam-lever 24 is formed with a curved working surface 24a, which as the lever is turned gradually forces the bow against the plane-irons, said surface 24a terminating in a tangential stop-surface 24b, which arrests the lever just as the point of greatest compression is reached, so that there is no possibility of a reactional movement of the plane-irons, as is usually the case, and the latter are held under maximum tension, thus im-
proving their action and avoiding the liability of chips working between the irons.

Not the least of the several valuable features of my invention consists in the provision for adjustment of the frog forth and back in substantial parallelism with the nnished bottom or working surface of the stock and at the same time enabling said frog however adjusted to be firmly supported not only at its main or body portion, but also at its front end. At least one and preferably both of the elements 15a and 14 are finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of the stock, and the same is true of the elements 7 and 11. In the construction illustrated a parallelism of adjustment is secured through a parallelism of bearing-surfaces with the working or bottom face of the stock, one of said parallel bearing-surfaces being in front and being formed or provided upon either the frog or the stock, and another of said parallel bearing-surfaces being in rear and also formed or provided upon either the frog or the stock, the surfaces contacting with said parallel bearing-surfaces being themselves preferably also parallel with said working face of the stock, thereby giving considerable breadth or area of contact at both the fore and aft portions of the frog, which is desirable. It will be understood that by having at least one such parallel bearing-surface in front and at the lower portion of the plane and at least one more such parallel bearing-surface in rear and at a considerable elevation it becomes practicable both to adjust the frog forth and back and also to support the same firmly both fore and aft at all such adjustments. I consider it of especial value that the portion 7 of the stock has a stepwise arrangement relatively to the bearing-surface at the throat in said stock, since thereby it becomes practicable in this class of planes to effect a parallel adjustment of the frog while always firmly supporting not only the body but also the fore foot of the latter, this fore foot being an exceedingly sensitive part of the plane and the true action thereof being of the utmost importance. It will be observed that the frog at its forward end affords a direct support for the lower ends of the plane-irons and also at said end and close to the lower ends of said plane-irons bears directly upon the sole of the stock at all times. By maintaining the frog constantly at the same vertical distance from the working-surface or floor of the stock the throat may be closed or opened to any extent by a simple and rapid manipulation without the necessity of resetting the plane-irons either in longitudinal direction or transversely by means of the lever 22, while at all times the action of the plane is rendered most satisfactory. In this instance the adjustment of the frog is effected by means of a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of the stock beneath the base of the frog and connected to the latter.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of my invention, and portions of my improvements may be used without others.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, so as to form a chair for a frog; and said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device.

2. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; said depressed step being in the form of a slight thickening of the edge of the sole along the rear side of the throat, and said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; the upper surfaces of said steps being linished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, so as to form a chair for a frog.

3. A metallic plane-stock having a high step which is provided with a deep threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat and forward of said high step a depressed step; and said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

4. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a thin high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step, said rib being provided with two deep holes for receiving frog-clamping devices, one hole at each side of the stock; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step which is formed by thickening the throat edge of the sole; said step being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog, and each thereof being finished parallel with the working surface of the stock.

5. A metallic plane-stock having a rear step provided at its front side with a threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; and also having at the rear edge of the throat and forward of said threaded hole a depressed step; said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

6. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses the flanges and also forms a rear step; said step having at its forward side two threaded holes, one at each side of the median line of the stock, for receiving frog-clamping screws; said sole also having at the rear edge of the throat, a thickening which forms a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

7. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a long frog-adjusting screw, which may project forwardly through said rib; and also having an upfand-down threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; said steps being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog, and being finished parallel with the working surface of the stock.

8. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a long frog-adjusting screw, which may project forwardly through said rib; and said sole also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and being substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, and being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

9. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a frog-adjusting screw, and also having at its front side two vertical threaded holes, one upon each side of said perforation, for receiving frog-clamping screws; said sole being also thickened at the rear edge of the throat so as to form a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, and being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

10. A metallic plane-stock having well in rear of the throat a pair of vertically bored and threaded bosses formed upon the front side of a rear step; said stock also having at the rear edge of said throat and forward of said bosses a thickening which forms a depressed forward step; and said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

11. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a pair of vertically-bored bosses formed upon the front side of a narrow high transverse rib that trusses said flanges, and also forms a rear step; said stock also having at the rear of said throat a depressed forward step; said steps being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog; and said rib being also provided between said bosses with a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a frog-adjusting device.

12. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throata depressed step, and wellin rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock; said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; and said frog being fitted to and adjustably secured upon said steps.

13. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a sole and side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; and said frog being fitted upon said steps and secured thereto by one or more screws which pass down into deep holes formed in said truss, and being also connected to a fore-and-aft screw which engages a threaded perforation also formed in said truss.

14. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a chair consisting of separated seats, of a frog fastened upon said chair by means of a device which bears upon the frog at a point between said seats and thereby causes the frog to bear upon both seats.

15. In a plane, the combination with a stock; having a chair consisting of separated seats, of a frog fastened upon said chair by means of a device which bears upon the frog at a point between said seats but close to one thereof, so as to cause the frog to bear unequally upon the seats.

16. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog fastened thereon and capable of fore-and-aft adjustment; said stock having a sole and side flanges, and having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; and said frog being fastened by one or more screws placed at the forward side of said rear step, and bearing upon the frog between its fore~and-aft supports, so that the frog is rigidly seated upon the rear step and is also caused to bear firmly upon the front step at all such adjustments of said frog.

17. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock; said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; and said frog being fitted to and adjustably secured upon said steps; plane-irons; a clamping-bow; and a cam-lever formed with a curved working surface 24a, which as the lever is turned gradually forces the bow against the plane-irons, said surface 24a terminating in a tangential stop-surface 24b, which arrests the lever just as the point of greatest compression is reached.

18. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of the stock and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof;
said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; and at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface, so as to close and open the throat, and be always conjointly supported by said steps.

19. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; and at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface so as to close and open the throat, and be always conjointly supported by said steps; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of said stock beneath the base of said frog; and a connection between said frog and said screw; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back.

20. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface, so as to close and open the throat, and still be firmly supported upon said steps conjointly; and a screw threaded down into the material of said elevated step, and effective to clamp said frog to said stock at all adjustments of the former.

21. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working face so as to close and open the throat, and always be supported by said steps; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of said stock beneath the base of said frog; a connection between said frog and said screw whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back; and a screw threaded down into the material of said step and effective to clamp said frog to said stock at all adjustments of the former.

22. A metal plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges and also having a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device well in rear of the throat; said stock being also provided forwardly of said rib with a depressed step, and having also a rear elevated bearing-surface having a stepwise relation to said depressed step and which con jointly with said depressed step forms a chair in combination with a frog formed to engage and be guided by the parallel surfaces of said steps, whereby it may be adjusted forth and back said steps being finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of said stock.

23. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog thereon adjustable fore and aft in parallelism with the working surface of said stock; and plane-irons carried by said frog; said frog at its forward end both affording a direct support for the lower ends of the plane-irons, and also at said forward end and close to the lower ends of said plane-irons bearing upon the sole of the stock at all positions to which said frog may be adjusted; and separate means for supporting the main portion or body of said frog in such a manner as to permit said adjustment thereof; said separate supporting means being engaged by said frog at a material elevation above the sole of said stock.

24. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog bearing upon the sole of the plane at the rear border of the throat; an elevated support well in rear of the throat; said frog having a main seat resting upon said elevated support; means for clamping said frog; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into said support beneath said frog; and an ear provided upon said frog and connected to said screw, whereby the frog may be adjusted by turning said screw; said frog, at all such adjustments thereof, bearing at its front end upon the sole at the rear border of the throat.

25. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog clamped thereon; a main support for said frog being provided upon said stock and rising to a material elevation above the sole thereof; and afore-and-aft screw threaded into said main support beneath said frog and connected to the latter so as to effect fore-and-aft adjustments thereof; said frog having a part which extends forwardly and downwardly from said support and bears at its lower end upon the sole of the stock at the rear border of the throat, at all adjustments effected by said screw.

HENRY RICHARDS.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 688,969 – Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”559″]688969

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST,
OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 688,969, dated December 17, 1901.
Application filed June 25, 1900. Serial No. 21,440. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTHUR E. RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful lmprovement in Planes; and we do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a view in side elevation of a plane constructed in accordance with our invention; Fig. 1a, a view thereof in transverse section on the line a b of the preceding figure; Fig. 2, a view of the plane in vertical central longitudinal section; Fig. 3, a plan view of the body of the plane stripped of all other parts; Fig. 4, a reverse plan view thereof; Fig. 5, a plan view of the removable sectional wooden face, the sections of which are separated from each other; Fig. 6, a view in transverse section on the line c d of Fig. 5; Fig. 7, a plan view of the removable sectional metal face of the plane with the sections drawn apart; Fig. 8, a view in transverse section on the line e f of the preceding figure.

Our invention relates to an improvement in that class of bench-planes designed for smoothing as distinguished from beading or rabbeting, and more particularly to smoothing-planes having metal bodies, the object being to produce at a low cost for manufacture a simple and strong plane constructed with particular reference to its adaptation to have a metal or a wooden face applied to it interchangeably, so as to readily adapt it to be used in situations requiring wooden faces as well as in situations requiring metal faces.

With these ends in view our invention consists in a plane having certain details of construction and combinations of parts, as will be hereinafter described,and particularly recited in the claims.

In carrying out our invention as herein shown the metal body A of the plane has cast integral with it an inclined cutter-supporting bed B, the opposite edges of which are supported or trussed by longitudinal flanges A’, rising from the opposite edges of I the upper face of the body. As shown, these flanges extend throughout the length of the body for increasing the strength thereof; but this is not essential. These flanges A’, as shown, are raised at points opposite the bed B, but elsewhere are straight and uniform in height. The said bed is provided for supporting the cutter, (not shown,) which may be of the usual construction and which is secured in place and adjusted in any desired manner. For the purpose of casting the said integral cutter-supporting bed without the use of cores a large casting-opening A2, which is located directly below the bed, is formed. This opening performs no function in the completed plane, but, as aforesaid, permits the body A to be cast without the use of a core, whereby the expense of producing the plane is greatly reduced. The body. A is also formed with a throat-opening A2, located directly in front of the casting-opening aforesaid and permitting the shavings removed by the cutter to escape upward through the plane.

To adapt the plane to be used in situations requiring wooden as well as metal faces, we design to provide each plane-body with interchangeable faces made of wood and of metal, respectively, these faces being constructed to correspond in size to the lower face of the body, so as to completely cover the casting-opening A2, formed therein.
These removable faces of wood and metal may be formed in one piece or in sections, as desired. As an illustration of their construction we have shown a sectional wooden face composed of a long rear section C and a short forward section C’. The said wooden section C is secured in place by screws D passing downward into it through the body of the plane, which for that purpose is formed with screw-holes D’, while the forward section is adjustably secured in place by means of a handle E, having a threaded stud F passing downward through an elongated slot G, formed in the forward portion of the body. The stud F is entered into the said forward section C’, which by turning the handle E is clamped against the forward end of the lower face of the body, so as to be held firmly in place; but as the adjacent ends of the two sections wear so as to unduly increase the opening H, Fig. 2, between them below the throat-opening A3 the forward section is moved rearwardly, so as to take up this wear by loosening the handle E.

As shown in Fig. 1a of the drawings, the lower face of the body is provided with two parallel centering-flanges I I, the inner faces of which are beveled and which insure the centering of the removable face when it is applied to the body; but these flanges are not necessarily employed, although we prefer to use them. To coact with the beveled inner faces of the flanges I I, the upper corners of the sections C and C’ are beveled, as shown at c in Figs. 1a and 6. When the removable face is made in sections, we preferably form the forward sections with two rearwardly-extending fingers J J, Fig. 5, which extend across the ends of the throat-opening A3, so as to prevent the shavings from clogging.

The removable metal face of the plane shown in Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings comprises a long rear section K and a short forward section K These sections are reinforced and strengthened by the formation upon their upper faces of longitudinal side ribs L L and a longitudinal central rib L’. The rib L’ is enlarged near its ends to form posts L2 L2, which are internally threaded for the reception of the screws which hold it in place by passing down through the body of the plane, while the rib L’ of the forward section K is formed with a corresponding post L3 for the reception of the threaded stud F of the handle E. As shown in Fig. 8, the upper outer corners of the side ribs L of the sections K K’ are beveled, as at k, for coaction with the beveled inner faces of the centering-flanges I of the body of the plane.

Having fully described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the said bed, of a removable face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the said body to which it corresponds, and extending entirely over the said casting-opening.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed, both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the said bed, of a removable sectional face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the said body to which it corresponds in size, and extending entirely over the said casting-opening.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the said bed, and with a throat-opening located in front of the said casting-opening, of a removable sectional face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the body so as to entirely cover the said casting-opening, and comprising a forward section which is longitudinally adjustable for taking up wear at the said throat-opening.

4. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the bed, of removable interchangeable metal and wooden faces adapted to be applied to the lower face of the body to which they correspond in size and the said casting-opening in which they entirely close.

5. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the bed and with a throat-opening located in front of the said casting-opening, of a removable sectional face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the body to which it corresponds in size, and the said casting-opening in which it entirely closes, the forward section of the said face being made longitudinally adjustable for taking up wear at the said throat-opening, and formed at its rear end with rearwardly~extending lugs which extend across the said throat-opening.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM McALPINE,
E. L. MORLEY.

No. 435,951 – Bench-Plane (Arthur E. Rust) (1890)

[paiddownloads id=”466″]435951

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ARTHUR E. RUST, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT,
ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO SOLON R. RUST, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 435,951, dated September 9, 1890.
Application filed July 29, 1889. Serial No. 319,130. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR E. RUST, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes in which the bit is adjusted by means of a lever; and the objects of my improvement are, first, to provide a means of adjusting the bit of a bench-plane longitudinally, making it cut the thickness desired, and, second, to adjust the bit laterally, thus squaring the cutting-edge of the bit with the face of the plane. Both objects are attained by the movement of one lever either longitudinally or laterally, each motion being independent of the other, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 is same as Fig. 1, being partially in section. Fig. 3 is a view of the adjusting-lever, showing its bearing on the pin, and is also partially in section.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The body of the plane A is similar to that of other planes, and to it is secured a frame B, having an upward extension to receive the screw D and form a bearing or support for the pin F, upon which is pivoted a lever C in such a manner as to allow the lever C to he moved laterally as well as on the pin F as a pivot. Thus the lever C may be given either of two motions upon one bearing or pin F. The lever C is provided with three extensions G, H, and I. The extension I passes through a slot in the bit J and through the hole a in the cap-plate K, as shown in Fig. 2, so that when the screw D is turned or screwed into the threaded hole in the casting B one end of the screw D will bear against the extension H and move the lever C, which will move the cap-plate K and bit J, making the cutting-bit cut a thicker shaving, or if the screw D be turned the other way or unscrewed the lower end of the screw D will bear against the extension G, thus moving the cap-plate K and the bit J up, so that the bit J will cut a thinner shaving. If the cutting-edge of the bit is not square with the face of the plane, it may be made so by moving the lever C laterally in the direction required.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

In a bench-plane, the herein-described mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bit longitudinally or laterally, consisting of a lever one end of which (being the upward extension) passes through a slot in the bit and through a hole in the cap-plate, this lever being so made and pivoted in a suitable supporting-frame as to allow the other end or downward extension to be moved in either of two directions upon one pivot or fulcrum to adjust the cutting-bit longitudinally or laterally, substantially as shown and described, for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
AMIE S. JEWELL,
FREDERICK A. JEWELL.

No. 306,507 – Plane (Charles A. Meekins) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”373″]306507

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES A. MEEKINS, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 306,507, dated October 14, 1884.
Application filed March 27, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES A. MEEKINS, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a plan view of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a view in longitudinal central section of the same on plane denoted by line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail plan view of the clamping-lever. Fig. 4 is a detail view of a form of my device without the adjusting feature.

My invention relates to the class of planes in which are used clamping and slow-motion devices for the purpose of adjusting the plane iron to cut to diiferent depths.

It consists in the clamping device secured in the plane-body in front of the plane-iron, and in the adjusting device, and in the combination of these parts, as more particularly hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter a denotes a plane-body of ordinary form and of any desired material — as wood — having the handle b and the depthwise mortise c, in which the plane-iron d is held.

In a socket, e, in the plane-body, and in front of the plane-iron, is placed a clamping-lever, f, having the arms f’, the ends of which bear upon the upper face of the plane-iron,as seen in Fig. 4, or upon the upper edge of the rocking lever g. which forms a part of the plane-iron-adjusting mechanism. This lever f is fulcrumed on the downward-projecting lugs a’, which are fast to or a part of the plane-body, and a screw, h, operates in a threaded socket, f”, in the lever. Fast to this rotary screw h is a handle, h’, having a shoulder on its lower end, that bears against the upper surface of the plane-body. By operating the screw h the inner end of the clamping-lever f may be raied or lowered at will, binding or loosening the plane-iron.

Fast to the upper side of the plane-iron d is a cap-iron, i, curved lengthwise in such manner as to afford a space between the cap-iron and the plane-iron for the working of the rocking lever g. This lever is operated by means of an adjusting-screw, k, moving in a socket in the cap-iron, and has a round surface, g’, bearing upon the upper surface of the plane-iron, and directly opposite the bearing-face upward-projecting arms g”, that extend through an opening in the cap-iron and take into open sockets f”’ on the lower side of the arms f’ of the clamping-lever.

The parts being assenibled as shown in Fig. 2 of drawings, the plane-iron is clamped in any desired position in the mortise by means of the lever and the screw h, and the longitudinal adjustrnent of the plane-iron is effected by means of the screw k, which, by rocking the lever g while the extremity of the short arm of the lever is held in the socket of clamp,which is fixed against longitudinal motion, thus causes the iron to move.

I claim as my invention —

1. In combination, a plane-body, a, bearing plane-iron d, having a socket, e, in front of the plane-iron, in which is seated the clamping-lever f, with feet f’, arranged to press upon the plane-iron, and the longer arm of the lever moved by means of the threaded screw h, having a handle, h’, all substantially as described.

2. In combination, a plane-body, a, bearing a plane-iron, d, and having mortise c and socket e, clamping-lever f, with feet f’, which bear upon the upper face of the plane-iron, and is fulcrumed on lugs a’, fast to the plane-body, and has a threaded socket, f2, in which the screw h is operated by means of the handle h’, all substantially as described.

3. In combination, in a plane, a plane-iron bearing between the plane-iron and a cap-iron, a bent lever having a curved bearing-surface in contact with the upper surface of the plane-iron, and its shorter arm engaging a socket in the extremity of a clamping-lever, with means for operating the adjusting-lever, all substantially as described.

CHARLES A. MEEKINS.

Witnesses:
W. H. MARSH,
A. C. TANNER.

No. 300,399 – Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”368″]300399

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 300,399, dated June 17, 1884.
Application filed March 26, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTUR E. RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, whereby a person skilled in the art can make and use the same, reference being had to the accompainying drawings, and to the letters of reference maarked thereon.

Like letters in the figures indicate the same parts.

Figure 1 is a view in longitudinal central section of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a side view of the same. Fig. 4 is a view in cross-section of the adjustable yoke on plane denoted by line x x of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view of the carriage which supports the plane-iron.

Our invention relates to the class of planes having a flexible face and means for adjusting the plane-face for working on a convex or concave surface.

It also embraces certain features of construction applicable broadly to planes.

lt consists in the combination of a plane-body with a flexible face and means for adjusting the face, and in the combination of devices for holding and adjustiiig the cutting-iron of the plane-body, as more particularly hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter a denotes the plane~body as a whole,made of any suitable material — as iron — having a bed, a’, through which the plane-iron projects, vertical sides a5, which support the face and the blade-adjusting devices, respectively. The flexible face b is fast to the plane-base, and the forked arms c and d are pivoted to the plane-body, as by means of pivots c’ d’, and to the outer ends of the face, as by means of the links c and f. Each of these levers has a short arm, c2 d2, pivotally connected to each other by rods g, The yoke h is pivoted at its lower end to each arm of the lever c near the pivots c’, and bears between the upper and lower crossbars, h1 h2 , an adjusting-screw, i, which is arranged about centrally of the plane-body in a threaded socket in the cross-piece a2, fast to the plane-body in front of the plane-iron. Any vertical movement of the yoke imparted to it by the adjusting-screw i is transmitted to the lever c, and by means of connecting-rods g to the lever d, and from these levers c d to the opposite extremities of the flexible plane-face. This adjustment of the plane-face may be made to a convex surface, as denoted by dotted lines in Fig. 1, or to a concave with equal ease.

The adjustable carriage k is supported in the plane-body by means of the longitudinal and central bearings, l l’, the former resting upon the cross-bar a2, fast to the plane-body, and the latter in a tubular socket, a1, in the plane-body. The carriage k has the downward-projecting lugs k1 k2, against the inner faces of which bear the opposite ends of an adjusting-screw, m, which moves in a threaded socket in the cross-bar a3, fast to the plane-body. This carriage also has the arms n, with the inward-projecting extremities n’, so arranged as to grasp the upper surface of the clamp-iron o, placed over the iron p upon the carriage, when the parts are in position in the plane-body. The lower end of the clamp-iron bears upon the plane-iron just back of the cutting-edge, and its upper end bears the clamp-screw o’, moving in a threaded socket near the upper end of the clamp, and with its point bears upon the upper surface of the plane-iron. The central bearings of the carriage permit of a lateral motion of the carriage and the supported plane-iron, by means of which the plane-iron may be adjusted to a perfect bearing in the socket in the body. The peculiar method of holding the adjusting-screw between the lugs projecting from the carriage prevents backlash or lost motion of the parts and permits a more careful adjustment.

The plane-body, yoke, and the carriage of our improved plane are made, preferably, of metal — as iron — cast to shape, with threaded sockets and bearings for the adjusting-screws and bearings for the carriage formed in subsequent operations.

The main advantage of our improved device is the low cost of its manufacture and simplicity of the operating parts, which perform the functions attainable in like devices of the prior art only at considerable expense.

The peculiar method of holding the clamping-screw between the lugs on the lower part of the carriage relieves the maker of the tool from exercising any great care to get the bearings for the carriage and the axis for the adjusting-screw parallel, as the opposite ends of the adjusting-screw may have lateral play between the lugs and not render the device inoperative.

The plane may be quickly changed from a single-iron plane to a double-iron plane by sliding back the clamp, and the plane-iron adjusted for cutting without changing the clamp, but by simply turning the adjusting-screw m.

We claim as our invention —

1. In combination, in a flexible face-plane, a plane-body, a, a flexible face, b, levers c d, pivotally connected to the plane-body, to each other by connecting-rod g, and to the flexible face-plate, with means for changing the position of said levers and of the flexible face, all substantially as described.

2. The combination of a plane-body, flexible face, pivoted levers connecting the said face and the body, a yoke, h, pivotally connected to the said levers, and an adjusting-screw, i, having bearings in the yoke and in the plane-body, all substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of a plane-body, a, a carriage, k, with the central bearings, l l’, fitted to suitable bearings in the plane-body, and with lugs k1 k2, bearing upon opposite extremities of an adjusting-screw, m, attached to the body, all substantially as described.

4. In a plane, the combination of a plane-body, a, a carriage, k, with central bearings, l l’, projecting lugs k1 k2, and projections w’, an adjusting-screw, m, with its opposite ends bearing on the inner faces of the lugs, plane-iron p, and clamp-iron o, with clamp-screw o’, all substantially as described.

5. In a plane, the combination of a plane-body and a carriage having lugs bearing upon opposite extremities of an adjusting-screw, m, movable in a socket in a plane-body, all substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

6. In combination, a plane-body, a, having bed a’, cross-bars a2 a3, and socket a4, the forked levers c d, pivoted to the body, connecting-rods g, yoke h, pivoted to the levers, and adjusting-screw i, with plane-iron p and means for holding the same in the body, all substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
JOSEPH W. DREYRUON,
O. S. THOMPSON.

No. 288,866 – Joiner’s Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”347″]288866

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST, UF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO SAID
SOLON R. RUST, AND HENRY B. BEACH AND JOHN C. BEACH, BOTH OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT.

JOlNER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 288,866, dated November 20, 1883.
Application filed September 10, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTHUR E. RUST, of Pine Meadow, county of Litchfield, State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Joiners’ Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of joiners’ planes in which the stock is constructed from metal, usually cast-iron.

In the more general construction of this class of planes the bed to which the plane-iron is clamped is arranged in guides or bearings formed in the sides of the stock. These require to be planed with great exactness, and the bed to be correspondingly fitted.

The object of our invention is to simplify the construction of the plane, so far as the fitting and guiding of the bed are concerned; and it consists in the arrangeinent of a guiding stud or studs in the stock, midway between its two sides, and on an incline corresponding to the inclined position required for the bed, which stud or studs serve as guides for the support and movement of the bed, and having cornbined therewith an adjusting-screw arranged in a plane parallel with the said stud or studs, and as more fully hereinafter described.

In the accompanying illustration, which forms part of this specification, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section on line z z; Fig. 2, a top view; Fig. 3, a transverse section on line x x, and Fig. 4 a transverse section on line y y.

A represents the stock, of the usual form, provided with a handle, B. C is the bed on which the iron D rests, and is clamped by means of the cap E, the cap E provided with lugs as near its upper end, which pass under and embrace the bed, as seen in Fig. 3, the set-screw F serving to bring the point of the cap onto the iron near its edge, and so as to clamp the iron firmly to the bed; but this arrangement of clamping is immaterial to this invention, as the cap may be applied in any of the usual or well-known methods.

In the stock beneath the bed a stud, G, is arranged in a plane parallel with the position required for the bed. This stud is best set by drilling into the stock and setting a stud of the required diameter therein, as seen in Fig. 1. On the under side of the bed is a lug, H, at right angles to the bed, and through which a hole is bored corresponding to the stud G, and so as to pass thereon and move freely toward or from the mouth of the plane, the stud serving as a guide for such increment of the bed. This stud, placed centrally, as seen in Fig. 4, permits the bed to rock iroin right to left to adapt itself to the position of the plane-iron. The plane-iron, near the mouth b, takes a bearing on the stock, as at d, which gives the proper transverse position for the plane-irons. The bed will therefore adapt itself to this position of the stud. The lug H extends below the pivot and engages with an adjusting-screw, I. This adjusting-screw is threaded to tit a corresponding screw-hole, e, in the stock, and in a plane parallel with the axis of the stud G. This screw is provided with a collar, f, which engages a slot, l, in the lug H, and so that turning the screw in one direction forces the bed and the iron to more downward, and in the opposite direction upward, and whereby the edge of the iron may be set in the proper relation to the face of the plane. The stud G may be of sufficient length to take a bearing near the two ends of the bed, but we prefer to introduce a second stud, L, into the stock below, as seen in Fig. 1, for the support of the bed below; or two studs may be introduced, one parallel with the other and in the same plane horizontally, which will give two supports for the bed; but in such arrangement of studs the advantage of the rocking movement is not attained.

The introduction of the diagonal guiding-studs into the stock beneath the bed is much cheaper than the usual inclined side guides formed upon the inner surface of the sides of the stock.

What we claim as our invention is —

In a metal plane, the combination of the stock provided with one or more inclined studs, G, beneath the bed, the bed constructed with a. downwardly-projecting lug, H, constructed to ride on said stud as a support and guide, a screw arranged in the stock parallel with said stud and in engagement with the bed, the plane-iron, cap, and means, substantially such as described, for clamping the plane iron to the bed, all substantially as described.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
GEO. H. RICE,
EDW. E. KELLOGG.

No. 287,584 – Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”345″]287584

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 287,584, dated October 30, 1883.
Application filed May 10, 1883. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTHUR E. RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a view in longitudinal vertical section of a plane embodying our improvements on plane denoted by line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a detail view in cross-section on the line y y of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a detail end view of the carriage, looking from below.

Our invention has for its object the construction of planes cheaper and more readily adjusted to varied uses than the forms now in common use; and it consists in the special arrangement and combination of the parts for adjusting the cutting-iron and clamping the same, and in changing the character of the plane from a single to a double iron, as hereinafter more particularly described.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter a denotes a body of common form, and made of any desirable material, as iron; b, the usual mortise or opening through to the face of the plane; c, the cutting-bed; d, a transverse flange provided with the socket d’; e, a carriage having upon the lower side a tubular projection adapted to fit into and move longitudinally in the socket d’, and on its upper side the arms f, provided with the interiorly-projecting flanges or their equivalents.

On the carriage, and between the arms, rests the cutting-iron g, which is a flat piece of metal provided with a chisel-edge, and upon it, and also adapted to slide between the arms, is arranged the cap-iron and clamp h, which has upon each side the projections h’, which limit the forward movement of the clamp, and at its rear end, in a threaded socket, the clamp-screw h”.

The screw spindle i is rotarily secured in the tubular projection on the carriage, as by means of the transverse pin j, and its lower end projects into and operates in the nut formed in the body of the plane. This peculiar arrangement of the carriage enables it to have a rocking motion sidewise, or transversely of the plane, and at the same time makes it adjustable in the plane of the cutting-iron. This rocking motion of the carriage enables one to adjust the back of the plane-iron to a perfect bearing on the cutting-bed, and at the same time support and hold it against longitudinal motion.

The cap-iron is made to serve as a clamp by its lower edge, resting upon the cutting-iron near its lower end, passing under the flanges on the arms, which serve as fulcrums, and by being raised from the cutting-iron near the upper end by means of the clamp-screw, the lower end of which takes against the face of the iron. It serves the purpose of the ordinary cap-iron, when desired, and at the same time can be readily slipped back, leaving the plane in the form known as “single-iron” planes.

One peculiar and important feature of our invention consists of the combination of cap-iron and clamp, so arranged that the relative positions of the cutting-edge of the iron and the front edge of the clamp are not changed when the iron is adjusted to fix the thickness of shaving to be cut by the plane. The smoothness of the surface left after removing a shaving is determined by this relative position of cutting-edge of iron and edge of cap-iron, and once fixed in our device it remains constant, as described, while the thickness of the shaving may be varied by the adjustment of the carriage. This construction of parts is a great saving in expense over the ordinary method of arranging and combining the cutting-iron and the cap-iron, and possesses the further advantage of simplicity and ready adjustment to various uses.

The thickness of the shaving made by the plane is adjusted by means of the screw-spindle, which has a suitable head for operating with the thumb and finger.

In order to enable the tubular projection to slide readily, or to rock in the socket d’, we slab off, as seen in Fig. 3, portions of its upper surface, to decrease the bearing-surface within the socket. This, however, is not essential to the perfect operation of our device, as the carriage may have a downward projection resting in a guide-groove in the plane-body, or be adapted to rock in many ways obvious to the skilled mechanic on slight inspection of our device.

We claim as our invention —

1. In combination, a plane-body having a socket, and the carriage having at longitudinal reciprocation and also an transverse rocking motion in said socket, with means for adjusting said carriage, all substantially as described.

2. In combination, the plane-body, the carriage having a longitudinal motion and also a transverse rocking motion, and bearing the plane-iron and combined cap-iron and clamp, all substantially as described.

3. In combination with a plane-body and a carriage, substantially as hereinbefore described, the plane-iron and combined cap-iron and clamp, made, in one piece, the relative position of the two latter parts remaining unchanged when the plane-iron is adjusted to determine the depth of cut of the iron, all substantially as described.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
A. C. TANNER,
WM. H. MARSH.

No. 279,885 – Bench-Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”336″]279885

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST, OF PINE MEADOWS, ASSIGNORS TO THE MERIDEN PATENT NOVELTY COMPANY, OF MERIDEN, CONN.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 279,885, dated June 19, 1883.
Application filed February 24, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTHUR, E. RUST, citizens of the United States, residing at Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Our invention relates to improvements in what are termed “block-planes;” and the object is to produce a plane in which the bottom or face of the plane can be easily adjusted to the iron by means of a hinge motion in back part of plane, and to produce a clamping-bar with central point bearing against a central bearing, cast solid with the frame without a core, and to form a check-nut and knob on the adjusting-screw, and also to simplify the general construction and operation.

Our invention consists in constructing a block-plane so that the plane bit or iron which projects through the mouth or opening can be adjusted, as desired, to form an open or close mouth, and to suit the nature of the work to be performed in an expeditious manner. The bottom or face of the plane is hinged to the rear part of the skeleton frame or stock, and is adjusted by means of a flat wheel on an adjusting screw or stud, and fitting with one side under lugs cast on the frame at its front end, and with the other side against two cross-bars, also cast on said frame. A check-nut and knob on said adjusting-screw secures and locks the wheel in place.

It also consists in holding the bit or plane-iron in place by a screw in the clamping-bar against said iron, while said clamping-bar bears with its upper side against a central point east solid in the frame, and which forms a fulcrum for it. The lower side of the plane-iron rests against two cross-bars, also cast solid with the frame.

It also consists in adjusting the open and close mouth without a movable front piece; and it also consists in the construction and arrangement of certain parts of a plane, as will be more fully described hereinafter, and specifically pointed out in the claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon.

Like letters indicate like parts in the different figures of the drawings, in which —

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the plane. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 4 is a top view of the bottom of the plane. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of the frame. Fig. 7 is a top view of the same. Fig. 8 is an end view of the same.

In the drawings, A represents the skeleton frame or stock, consisting of the side pieces, a a, connected by a series of cross pieces or bars, one of which, b’, forming the hinge-pin for the bottom B, and another one, c, being the central bearing for the clamping-bar C. The bottom is provided with a lug, b, into which the bar b’ fits, and is held in place by a clamping-plate, b”, and screw b”’. At the forward end of the plane is arranged a screw, D, upon which a flat milled wheel, E, is screwed, fitting with its upper surface under lugs d, cast on each side or wall of the frame, and with its lower surface bearing on two bars, e and f. A milled clamping-screw or check-nut, F, secures the wheel in its locked position. By this arrangement the bottom or face of the plane can be adjusted, to a nicety to the plane iron or bit. The bars e and f are provided with raised parts e’ and f’, to form a more perfect adjustment for the wheel. The clamping-bar C secures the plane iron or bit G in position by means of a screw, g, which forces the bar G against a central bearing, h, on the bar c, cast solid with the frame and without the use of a core. The lower side of the plane iron or bit rests on two cross-bars, i k, also cast on the frame. The bottom is provided with two curved ears, l, which it closely into corresponding recesses formed in the frame, and they serve to hold the bottom in position and prevent any lateral movement. It will be readily seen that by screwing the face or bottom close down or tight, and setting the iron or bit, an open mouth is formed; and by letting the face or bottom down and then setting the iron or bit a very close mouth is obtained. A much greater pitch is also obtained by having the adjustment at the front end of the plane than if on the back under the cutting-iron, which is a great advantage, as it makes a much smoother cut. The bit can be adjusted nicely to coarse or fine work.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, a flat wheel, E, for adjusting the size of the throat of the plane, and having its bearings on the bars e f and under lugs d, as shown, in combination with ascrew, D, secured to the hinged bottom B, substantially as specified.

2. The adjustable bottom B, hinged at the rear end of the frame A by means of a bar, b’, having bearings in a lug, b, and held by a clamping-plate, b”, and adjusted at the front end by a screw, D, and wheel E, in the manner shown and set forth.

3. The frame A, provided with a bar, c, having a central bearing, h, for forming a fulcrum for the clamping-bar C, provided with a screw, g, by which the bit G is held in place in the plane, substantially as specified.

4. The skeleton frame A, provided with bars e f and lugs d d, forming bearings for the wheel E, a bar, c, having central bearing, h, against which the clamping-bar G bears, and the pivot-bar b’, forming the hinge-bar for the adjustable bottom, and all cast in one piece, as set forth.

5. The method of and means herein described for adjusting the bottom B to form an open and close mouth — that is to say, connecting the bottom to the frame by a hinge-joint, b b’ b”, and adjusting it by a screw, D, and wheel E, substantially in the manner shown and specified.

6. In a plane, a wheel, E, for adjusting the size of the throat, having bearings on bars e f, and under lugs d, and a lock-nut, F, for securing said wheel, in combination with the screw D, secured to the hinged bottom B, as shown and described.

7. The combination of a hinged bottom, B, provided with curved ears l, fitting into corresponding recesses in the sides of the skeleton frame A, with a bit, G, held in place by a clamping-bar, C, and thumb-screw g, the stationary screw D, and wheel E, for adjusting the bottom, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

8. The plane herein described, consisting of the skeleton frame A, to which the bottom B is hinged adjustably, in combination with a screw, D, clamping-wheel E, check-nut F, bit G, clamping-bar C, with screw g, and central bearing-point, all constructed and arranged substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof we hereby affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
E. M. CHAPIN,
E. E. KELLOGG.

No. 257,981 – Bench-Plane (Solon R. Rust) (1882)

[paiddownloads id=”320″]257981

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 257,981, dated May 16, 1882.
Application filed September 8, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SOLON R. RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, whereof the following is a description, reference being had to the accornpanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a side view of a plane embodying my said improvement — an “iron plane” — with a portion of the side of the stock represented as broken away. Fig. 2 is a. view of the same plane from above, with the plane-iron, cap-iron, and fastening-lever removed. Fig. 3 is a view in central vertical lengthwise section of a modification.

The improvement is one in that kind or class of planes wherein the bed on which the “cutting-iron” rests, the cutting-iron, (with the “cap-iron,” if there be one,) and the clamping or fastening-in lever all move together in the ordinary longitudinal adjustment of the cutting-iron; and the improvement consists in such an organization and combination of parts that this bed, cutting-iron, and fastening-lever may be put into and taken out of the plane-stock when assembled together as a whole,instead of having to put them into and take them out of the stock separately, as has heretofore been the case.

The letter a denotes the stock of an iron plane as a whole, consisting, in general terms, of the bottom plate and two side plates rising therefrom. The inner sides of these side plates bear the ways b, and in them rests and slides the bed c, bearing underneath the lug d, through which a shaft, e, runs, it bearing at the rear end a head or button whereby to rotate it, and it being threaded at the other end and there taking into a corresponding female thread made in a portion of the stock a. Where this shaft traverses the lug d it has an annular groove made in its periphery, into which the pin f meshes. By rotating this threaded shaft e the bed c is moved up and down in its ways.

The letter g denotes a fulcrum-bar carried by and upon the bed c. The letter h denotes the clamping-lever, which finds a fulcrum on this bar g. One end of this lever bears on the cap-iron i, (if there be one, otherwise directly on the plane-iron j,) and the upper end of this lever carries a set-screw, k, which bears on the upper end of the cap-iron (if there be one) with any desired pressure, and thus holds the cutting-iron, cap-iron, and itself firmly to the bed c, so that the plane-iron can be adjusted by adjusting the bed c by means of the screw-shaft e.

In Fig. 3 I show a modification wherein the fulcrum or fulcrum-bar is attached to the clamping-lever, and, running down through the “irons,” takes hold of the bed, the irons being rnortised for the passage of the fulcrum-bar, and the bed having a mortise which permits the enlarged head or end of this bar to pass through it at one point, but catches and holds it by its neck at another point.

It will be seen from this description that the iron, the bed on which the iron rests, and the clamping-lever may be put into and taken out of the stock as a whole, and that they all move together in the ordinary longitudinal adjustment of the iron.

I am aware that the prior art contains plane-irons made adjustable by a screw. See, for instance, the patent to H A. Gateley, No.146,588, dated January 20, 1874, which has a double iron, but no movable bed — a construction that necessitates (as my construction does not) a loosening of the clamping-lever before the adjusting-screw can be operated.

I am also aware that the prior art contains a combination of movable bed, plane-iron, adjustable screw or the like, and clamping-lever, where the clamping-lever does not take its fulcrum on the movable bed. See, for instance, patent to G. M. Thompson, No. 153,399, dated July 21, 1874; but that construction does not (as my construction does) admit of the placement and displacement of the bed, iron, and clamping-lever as an assembled whole in and out of the plane-stock.

I am also aware that the prior art contains the combination of movable bed, plane-iron, and clamping-lever taking its fulcrum on the movable bed, when the movable bed is not hung in ways in the side plates of the stock, but is hung on a headed screw running through a longitudinal slot made in the movable bed into the solid stock, as shown in O.R. Chaplin’s Patent No. 126,519, dated May 7, 1872 — another construction that does not admit (as my construction does) of the placement and displacement of the movable bed, iron, and clamping-lever as an assembled whole.

One prominent advantage cf having the movable bed, iron, and clamping-lever admit of placement and displacement as an assembled whole is this: When a plane is in constant use it must be taken out of the stock a number of times each day to be ground and sharpened. When the iron goes back into the stock it must be adjusted relatively to the movable bed each time, (independent of the adjustment by the adjusting-screw,) and this adjustment can in my construction be made while the movable bed and iron are out of the stock — a thing which cannot be done in any structure of said prior art-and may be done much more easily than when the movable bed, iron, and clamping-lever are in the stock.

I claim as my improvement —

The stock a, provided with ways b in the side plates thereof, the bed c, hung in such ways, the cutting-iron j, and the clamping-lever k, taking its fulcrum on bed c, all combined substantially as described, for the purpose set forth.

SOLON R. RUST.

Witnesses:
ARTHUR E. RUST,
NATHAN MORSE.

No. 207,599 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Henry A. Foss) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”294″]207599

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY A. FOSS, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO PHILIP E. CHAPIN, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 207,599, dated September 3, 1878; application filed April 15, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY A. FOSS, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements pertaining to a Carpenter’s Plane, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a top view of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a side view of same. Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the fastening-lever. Fig. 4 is a view of the fastening-lever in central longitudinal section. Fig. 5 is a side view of the lower end of the fastening-lever.

The letter a denotes the body or stock of a metallic plane. b denotes the plane-iron, which may or may not be supplemented by a cap-iron lying on a proper bed and running down to the throat. The letter c denotes the fastening-lever, bearing on its sides the fulcrum-ears d d, resting in the fulcrum-mortises e e, which are made in the plane-stock, provided near the upper end with the tightening-screw f and at the lower end with the rocking end g, which is pivoted to the fastening-lever in such shape as to allow it to rock and adjust itself to bear squarely and flatly on the plane-iron. To secure this rocking motion, the lower end of the fastening-lever is provided with the pivot-pin h, which runs through a corresponding pin-hole, i, in the rocking end, and is provided with a head on the under side. Preferably the spring j is also secured on this pin, bearing against the under side of the rocking end.

The sides of the plane-body are provided with or shaped into the swells k k, and the fulcrum-mortises e e are made just underneath these swells. These swells allow the passage of the fulcrurn-ears d d down to the fulcrum-mortises. Then, by sliding the fastening-lever slightly forward, the ears d d are carried to the forward ends of the mortises, which are inwardly shouldered, so that the ears lock under at this point. This construction not only allows the fulcrum-mortises to be cast, but the swells give a good gripe for the hand of the operator.

The letter l denotes a knob or handle, fastened to the fastening-lever c by having the screw l’ cast in or projecting from the fastening-lever, and running into the knob. Another mode of fastening on this or such a knob is illustrated by the knob m, which is driven into the ring m’, cast on or projecting from the floor of the plane-stock.

I claim as my invention —

1. In combination with the plane-body and plane-iron, the fastening-lever c, provided with the rocking end g, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. The fastening-lever c, provided with the screw l’, and combined with the knob l.

HENRY A. FOSS.

Witnesses:
JAMES WILEY,
O. T. HUNGERFORD.

No. 76,051 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (E.M. Chapin And Solon Rust) (1868)

[paiddownloads id=”137″]76051

United States Patent Office.

E. M. CHAPIN AND SOLON RUST, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

Letters Patent No. 76,051, dated March 31, 1868.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that we, E. M. CHAPIN and SOLON RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield, and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Ploughs and other Fence-Tools for Joiners’ Use; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable those skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

The object of this invention is to construct a joiners’ plough and other similar tools, which are provided with adjustable fences, in such a manner that the fence-guides and screws will not extend through the body or stock of the implement, as is now the case, and which is a source of a great deal of annoyance in using such tools, rendering it necessary for the workman, each time the tool is used, to remove out of the way, or to one side, tools and implements of various kinds on the work-bench, which may chance to be at the right-hand side of the tool and near the same.

The invention has further for its object the connecting of the adjusting-screw to the stock of the implement in such a manner that said screw, in case of being broken or injured in any way, may be detached with the greatest facility, and a new screw inserted.

Figure 1 is a plan or top view of our invention.
Figure 2, a side view of the same, partly in section.
Figure 3, a transverse section of the same, taken in the line x x, fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

A represents the body or stock of the implement, which may be constructed in the usual way, and B is the fence, which may also be of ordinary construction.

C C are two metallic guides, which are firmly secured, by screws or otherwise, to the face or sole of the stock A, one near each end of the same, said guides being parallel with each other, and provided each with a longitudinal slot, at, extending nearly their whole length. These guides pass through mortises in the fence, the latter being allowed to slide freely on them, and secured at any desired point on the guides by set-screws b b, which pass vertically through the fence into nuts therein below the guides, and press collars c upon the same, as shown clearly in fig. 2. The guides C C project from the left-hand side of the stock A of the plough, and do not extend to the right-hand side of the same.

D is a screw, which passes through the upper part of the fence B, about in line with its centre, and works in an internal thread therein. The inner end of this screw, which is of wood, is turned down to form a tenon, d, which is fitted in the side of the stock A, and allowed to turn freely therein. In the opposite side of the stock A there is made an opening, rather larger in diameter than the opening which receives the tenon d of the screw, but concentric with it, (see fig. 3,) and in this larger opening there is fitted a cylindrical wooden head, e, which has a hole made longitudinally in its inner end, to receive the teuon d, the tenon being secured in e by glue or by a screw.

By this arrangement the screw D has two bearings, f, g, one, f, the shoulder, formed by the tenon clwhich bears against the side of the stock A, and the other, g, the inner end of the head e, which bears against the inner end of the opening in which said head is iitted, as shown clearly in fig. 3.

The fence B is adjusted by turning the screw D, as will be readily seen; and in the event of the breaking of the screw, or the same being injured in any way, it may be cut off adjoining the stock A, and the tenon d driven out of the stock.

The present plan is to have a groove cut circumferentially in the screw, and a key inserted in the stock, so as to pass down into the groove. This plan involves the necessity of withdrawing the key in order to liberate the screw, in case the latter becomes broken or injured. This is attended with considerable diiiiculty, and the stock is invariably more or less disfigured by the operation.

The guides and screw are at one side of the stock only, not projecting through the stock at all, and hence are not in the way of articles on the right hand of the stock, as is the ease with the ordinary ploughs and other adjustable fence-tools, and which involves the necessity of moving articles on the work-bench out of the way of the screws and guides, each time the implement is used.

We claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The joiners’ plough, constructed as described, and consisting of the stock A, having slotted, flanged guides C projecting from one side, the fence B, screw D, formed with a, tenon, d, and fitted with at head, c, and the thumb-screws c’ b, provided with collars c, all arranged and operating in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

E. M. CHAPIN,
SOLON RUST.

Witnesses :
B. G. LOOMIS,
GEORGE W. CHAPIN.