Tag: Plane Improvements

No. 469,688 – Attachment For Planes (Addison J. Ferris) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”484″]469688

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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ADDISON J. FERRIS, OF EAST HAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

ATTACHMENT FOR PLANES.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 469,688, dated March 1, 1892.
Application filed April 13, 1891. Serial No. 388,672. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ADDISON J. FERRIS, a citizen of the United States, residing at East Hampton, in the county of Hampshire and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Attachments for Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates or has reference to improvements in planes which are especially designed for finishing rabbeted portions of wood-work and which planes are provided with adjustable gages to accord with the depths of diderent rabbets; and the object of the invention is to improve the device for the purpose indicated, whereby the same may be most readily applied on the stock of almost any ordinary plane, and whereby when so applied it is capable of being most readily or conveniently and minutely adjusted, and when so adjusted it may be maintained against derangement, and also whereby all the parts forming the gage to be applied on the plane may be so united or engaged that even when not applied on the plane they are to all intents and purposes a single fixture, the components of which are not liable to detachment or loss.

The invention consists in the construction and combination of parts, all substantially as will hereinafter more fully appear, and be set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings the present improvements are fully illustrated, Figure 1 being a side view of a plane with the gage applied thereon. Fig. 2 is a plan of the bottom of the plane and of the gage, while Fig. 3 is an end view and partial vertical section of the plane and gage, taken on line 3 3, Fig. 2, said parts being shown as in working relation to a rabbeted piece of stock as used fora door or window casing. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the plane-stock, showing the same as recessed for the reception of the gage attachment; and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the gage attachment removed from the plane.

In the drawings, A represents the gage attachment, which, as specially illustrated, consists of a carrier-plate a, provided at its upper end with an angularly-extended portion b, vertically bored, as at d, and said carrier-plate is vertically slotted, as at f which slot is open to the bottom of the plate. The vertical screw g passes freely through the said bore or perforation d and lies alongside of and within the said carrier-plate and is prevented against endwise movement relative to the plate by the fixed thumb piece or head h, above the part b and the collar or nut j below the same.

m represents the gage, which is necked or formed notched intermediately of its opposing edges, as at i, so that the middle of the gage part may be entered in the slot between the side portions of the carrier-plate a, so that a lug or extension at of the gage mlies inside of the plate a and, being bored and tapped, has an engagement with the screw.

It will be seen that, due to the construction of the parts substantially as above set forth, the gage-block has a movable and sliding engagement with relation to the edges of the slot forming the guideway therefor.

The plane-stock B is in its side recessed, as at k, said recess extending from a short distance from the bottom face of the plane-stock to the top thereof, and the said recess at its borders and at the top is provided with the rabbets or rests l l, so that the carrier-plate a may be let within and disposed flush with the sides and top of the stock, nothing projecting outwardly beyond the stock in any direction except the gage proper m and the operating thumb-head. The plate is secured to the plane-stock by the screws o o. On desiring to adjust the gage m so that it will be brought and firmly held on the side of the plane-stock at a greater or less distance from the bottom face of the plane, such may readily and positively be effected by simply turning the screw by its head more or less in the one or the other direction to accord with the depth of the rabbet in the material which is to be finished up.

I therefore claim —

1. The combination, with the plane-stock having the recess in its side, of the carrier-plate a, with the longitudinal slot f and provided with the angularly-extended member b, with the aperture d, the gage m, having the neck guided by the edges of said slotway and provided with the lug n, and the screw g, passed freely through said aperture d and, while freely rotatable, held against endwise movement and having a screw engagement with said lug, all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. An attachment for planes, consisting of the carrier-plate a, having the slot f extending longitudinally from one end thereof and having the angular portion b, with the aperture d, the block having the notched edges i, which have a movable and sliding engagement with the borders of said slot, and said block comprising the gage m and the lug n, which latter has a screw-opening, and the screw g, loosely passed through the aperture h and provided with the thumb-head h and the collar j and having a screw engagement with the said lug n, substantially as deserihed, for the purpose set forth.

ADDISON J. FERRIS.

Witnesses:
WM. S. BELLOWS,
G. M. CHAMBERLAIN.

No. 464,701 – Plane Attachment (George H. Melendy) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”480″]464701

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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GEORGE H. MELENDY, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA,
ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO BENNETT BROTHERS, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE ATTACHMENT.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 464,701, dated December 8, 1891.
Application filed January 14, 1891. Serial No. 377,761. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE H. MELENDY, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented an Improvement in Plane Attachments; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to an attachment for planes such as are in use by carpenters and others; and it consists, essentially, of means for adjusting and compensating the throat to the wear which takes place upon the bottom face of the plane by constant use, and in certain details of construction.

Referring to the accompanying drawings for a more complete explanation of my invention, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section taken through the front of the plane showing the adjustment thereof. Fig. 2 is a view showing the throat-adjusting block removed. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the front end of my plane.

A is the body of the plane having the handle B and the open throat C within which the plane-iron is fixed in any usual or suitable manner. When these plane~bodies are made of wood, they are subjected to considerable wear by reason of the friction of the lower face with the surface over which they are moved and which the plane-iron is intended to cut and dress, and as this wear takes place the throat for the escape of the shavings loses its proper proportion, thus necessitating some adjustment if the plane is to have any further use. In my invention I have shown the throat having an inclined chamber D made in the forward portion of it by inserting a piece E, a portion of the under surface of which is inclined and projects into the throat and forms the top wall of the inclined chamber, this chamber inclining into the forward portion of the body A. This piece E, which forms the chamber D, is designed to protect the adjustable block F and moving parts from dust or shavings, and it is important for the reason that without it they would become choked and clogged. Within this chamber below the block E is fitted a block F, the front portion of which rests upon the front portion of the incline in the chamber D, and the rear portion is made with two faces G and G’, meeting each other at an angle, as shown, the face G’ being approximately vertical when the plane is in its ordinary position. Through the upper portion of this block slots are made and screws H serve to fix it at any desired point.

When by considerable use the plane has been worn down, it will be manifest that by reason of the inclined rear face of the opening C upon which the plane-iron is supported the throat will become enlarged and will not be in proper shape for the best work. When this occurs, the screws or fastening of the movable throat-piece are loosened, and this piece is allowed to move downward, sliding upon the inclined surface of the front of the chamber, and this forces the surface G’ of the movable block nearer to the edge of the plane-iron. The block is moved downward until the throat is made of the proper size, when it is again secured in place. The lower end of the block which would be projected beyond the surface of the plane by this movement is cut off so that it is again flush with the surface of the plane. By this device the throat of the plane may be adjusted and retained at the proper size until the plane is entirely worn out. In connection with this device I have shown the inserted block I, having a rounded or convex surface, fitted into a channel or groove of semicircular form in cross-section, which is formed vertically in the front end of the plane. This block is secured in the channel with the grain of the wood extending vertically, so that the end grain is exposed at the bottom and flush with the surface of the plane. The object of this is to equalize the wear upon the plane, as it is well known that the front end of the plane which is first pushed over the rough surfaces of the work to be planed is worn and rounded off more rapidly than the other portions which are situated behind the plane-iron, and by reason of this hard inserted piece and the fact that the wear comes upon the end of the grain the wear will be equalized and the plane kept in proper condition much longer.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane having a plane-iron and a throat, a piece E, let into the throat so as to form an inclined chamber, an adjustable block in said chamber below the piece E, and screws passing through and adjustably securing the block, substantially as herein described.

2. In a plane, the body thereof having its front end formed with a vertical groove semi-circular in cross-section, and a piece having a convex rear surface fitting the groove so that its lower end is flush with the bottom of the plane, said inserted piece having its grain at right angles with the grain of the body, whereby it presents an end grain surface at the bottom to equalize the wear upon the plane, substantially as herein described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

GEORGE H. MELENDY

Witnesses:
A. B. MERRILL,
J. W. RICHARDS.

No. 458,676 – Hand-Plane (James H. Ferguson) (1891)

No. 458,676 – Hand-Plane (James H. Ferguson) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”477″]458676

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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JAMES H. FERGUSON, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

HAND-PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 458,676, dated September 1, 1891.
Application filed April 16, 1889. Serial No. 307,485. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES H. FERGUSON, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hand-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My improvement is designed more particularly for planing the sides of electrotype or stereotype plates, but it may be employed for other purposes.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, showing a plane embodying my improvement. Fig. 2 is a plan or top view of the same. Fig. 3 is an end view of the same. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation illustrating a modification, certain of the parts being broken away to save space. Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the same, taken on the line x x, Fig. 4, certain of the parts shown in Fig. 4 being removed. Fig. 6 is a view in elevation, partly in section, illustrating how my improvement may be employed with another kind of plane.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

In the example of my improvement illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the body of the plane is made in the form of a box and is formed of a single piece of metal — as, for instance, by casting. Near its forward end the face of the plane is provided with an elastic portion A, which normally occupies an elevated position, but which may be pressed downwardly at its inner end portion l, so as to regulate the depth of cut which will be made by the plane-iron E. In order to cause the requisite degree of elasticity, the portion A is separated throughout its length and upon its sides from the sides of the plane-body D by slits or slots b, which extend through the metal of the portion A and upwardly through the end A’ of the plane-body D. It will be seen that by pressing downwardly the inner end portion of the portion A its position may be deflected to any desired extent in order to increase the depth of cut which will be made by the plane-iron. In order to accomplish this deflecting of the portion A, I have shown a screw e, having bearings in a cross-piece d, secured in the sides of the plane-body. By manipulating this screw the deflecting or bending of the portion A may be regulated to any desired extent.

In the example of my improvement shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the operation is precisely like that just described; but there is some slight difference in the mode of constructing the slit or slot b. In this example the slot extends along the sides of the plane-body and downwardly at the inner end of the portion A. Of course the outer end of the portion A is not separate from the sides of the plane-body, except to the thickness of the sides of the body.

In Fig. 6 I have shown the application of the improvement to a so-called “jack-plane” having a body of cast metal. When used with the jack-plane, either one of the means for separating the portion A, so that it will be elastic, may be employed which I have described in the other examples of my improvement shown. I have, however, illustrated that as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

In all the examples of my improvement shown the portion A when occupying a normal position stands back slightly from the other part of the face of the plane, so that when in such a position the plane-iron will be capable of making its maximum cut.

It will be seen that by my improvement I provide a very inexpensive and ready means for varying the depth of cut which may be made by the plane-iron without going to the necessity of adjusting the plane-iron separately; or, in other words, the plane-iron once having been set it will not be necessary to alter it in order to obtain any desired adjustment for depth of cut.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination, with a plane-body made in one integral piece and having a portion of its face near one end elastic, but formed integral therewith, of an adjusting device operating upon said elastic portion to cause a deflection thereof, said elastic portion normally occupying a position whereby it is set in beyond the face, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

JAMES H. FERGUSON.

Witnesses:
FREDK. HAYNES,
JOHN BICKEL.

No. 453,524 – Bench-Plane (Saverio Tuoti) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”474″]453524

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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SAVERIO TUOTI, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 453,524, dated June 2, 1891.
Application filed August 7, 1888. Serial No. 282,165. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAVERIO TUOTI, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Bench-Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to bench-planes for wood-workers’ use, and has for its object to provide a simple, easy-working, efficient, and durable plane of this character.

The invention consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts of the plane, all as hereinafter described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accoinpanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of my improved bench-plane, taken on the line x x in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the plane partly broken away and in section. Fig. 3 is a bottom face view of the plane partly broken away. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section of the plane, taken on the line y y in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a cross-section taken on the line z z in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a top perspective view of the plane iron or cutter, and Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view of the nut and part of the screw by which the cutter is adjusted endwise.

The plane-stock A is made with the usual top recess a, which opens to a throat or passage a’, up through which escape the shavings made by the cutter B, which rests on or at the inclined bottom face or wall of the recess.

In the plane-stock and at the lower inclined wall of the recess a there is formed a groove or recess to accommodate a screw C, which is fitted at its forward end in a metal step-bearing c, set into the stock, and at its rear part is reduced in diameter at two places c’ c2, which form journals which are fitted, respectively, to a split box or bearing D and a block E. The two halves or parts of the bearing D are screwed or otherwise fixed to the plane-stock, and the block E is also a nut, into which is fitted a transversely-ranging screw F, which is journaled to or in the plane-stock and cannot move endwise, and has a head or finger-piece f which is accommodated in a recess made in the side of the plane-stock and does not project beyond the stock, and thus does not interfere with the free working of the plane.

The nut E is provided with an upper lug e, which fits laterally within the slot b’ of the plane iron or bit B, and the nut is laterally slotted at e’, where the main adjusting-screw C passes through it, and whereby as the screw F is turned the nut E may be caused to move laterally either way in the plane-stock, and the nut-lug e will shift the back end of the plane-iron laterally to adjust the cutting-edge of the iron properly with relation to the working-face of the plane either before or after the iron has been adjusted endwise by the main screw C, working in a nut G, fitted on it, and as presently explained. It will be noticed that the bearing and nut D E, by fitting the reduced parts of the screw C, prevent endwise motion of the screw.

The nut G is preferably formed with pendent end lugs g’ g’, into which the screw C is fitted, and at its upper face the nut is provided with a series of transverse notches g, into which one or more transverse bars b, which cross the plane-iron slot b’, are adapted to enter when the plane-iron is adjusted in the stock.

The wedge H is provided at its lower face with a plate I, which is fixed to the wedge at one end and at its other or free end is adapted to bear on a cross-bar b of the plane-iron or on the adjusting-nut or on both the cross-bar and nut, and onto which the plate I, which is preferably elastic, may be forced by a screw J, fitted into the wedge and preferably into a metal nut j, set into it. The forward end or part of the wedge enters beneath a cross bar or rod K, fixed in the stock across its recess a, and the bar forms a fulcrum on which the wedge will rock when the screw J is tightened to cause its extrerne front end h’ to clamp the plane-iron down hard to the plane-stock very near the cutting-edge of the iron, and thus firmly hold it to prevent chattering of it when the plane is in use and assuring smooth clean work. The effect in this respect would be the same were the plate I dispensed with, in which case the screw J would bear directly on the plane-iron or on its adjusting-nut; but the plate I is preferably used, as it guards the plane-iron or its nut from injury by the end of the screw and assures a better clamping action of the wedge than would be afforded without it.

The screw C is provided at its rear end with a bevel-pinion c3, which meshes with a like pinion l3 on a short shaft l2, journaled in a bearing l’ on the plane-stock and provided with a head or finger-piece l, by turning which the screw C will be turned to shift the nut G for adjusting the plane-iron endwise for a finer or coarser cut, and which may be done without loosening the wedge-clamping screw. When the plane iron or cutter wears so it cannot be set farther ahead by operating the screw, the cross-bar b of the iron may be set into another front notch g after the nut is run back on the screw, this adjustment allowing all the tempered forward part of the iron to be used.

The plane-stock has the usual back and front handles A’ A2, andis also provided with a working-face of peculiar construction, the front part of which face is made adjustable backward or forward to narrow or broaden the shaving-throat a’ of the plane-stock, and as will next be described.

The larger section or portion M of the plane-face and its smaller adjustable section or portion N are made on the same general principle, or with a metal frame having strips of hard wood inserted in longitudinal grooves thereof. The face-section M is made with a cast-metal frame O, which has a broad cross-bar o behind the shaving-throat a’ of the plane-stock and beveled at the upper face to give substantial support to the plane-iron and to prevent undue wear of that part of the plane-face just behind the cutting-edge of the iron or at the back of the shaving-throat of the plane-stock, which usually wears quickly when made wholly or partly of wood. From each side of the cross-bar o there projects a forward ex-
tension o’ of the metal frame O, which form forward side parts m m of the main face-section M. These parts o’ o’ give support to the front sliding section N of the plane-face, as presently described, and at their front ends and above the section N they are connected and braced by a fIange-piece or bar m’, which is screwed to the front end of the plane-stock and really forms the front cross-bar or part of a flange o2, which projects upward all around the frame O and above its solid top plate o3 far enough to receive screws o4, which pass through the flange to hold the frame O and its front extensions o’ o’, or, in other words, the entire main plane-face section M m m, securely to the plane-stock.

Behind the metal cross-bar o and within the margin of the frame O said frame is provided with a series of longitudinally-ranging thin metal ribs or plates o5, which are cast on the back plate o3 of the frame and are set apart to provide spaces or form grooves between them, and into which are tightly fitted a series of hard-wood strips P, and the forward extensions o’ o’ of the frame O are also made hollow to accommodate like strips P, as most clearly shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5 of the drawings.

The plane-face section N consists of a metal frame R, the inner face-plate r of which is provided with side tongues r’ r’, which enter grooves made in the opposite front side extensions m m of the main plane-face section M. On the plate r and between end lips or flanges r2 r2 of the frame R there is cast a series of lips or plates r3, set apart to provide between them a series of grooves or spaces, into which are tightly fitted a series of hard-wood strips S, like those P of the other face-section M.

In the forward end of the plane-stock and above its face-section N is provided a transverse slot or groove t, which accommodates a nut-block T, fitted to threads of a screw U, which is journaled in the plane-stock and traverses the recess t, and is provided at one end with a finger-piece or head u, which works in a recess at the side of the stock, so as to be out of the way in working the plane. The ends of the lower part of the nut T are inclined the same way horizontally, and are preferably rounded a little, so as to enter a diagonally-ranging slot V, which is formed at the inner face of the adjustable plane-face section N and preferably in the back of the metal frame R of said section. It is obvious that as the screw U is turned in one direction the nut T will slide in the plane-stock recess t, which guides it laterally, and also in the diagonal recess V’ of the movable plane-face section N, and will slide said section forward to open the throat a’ farther or make it broader, and that by turning the screw U in the other direction the face-section N will be moved backward nearer to the cutting-edge of the plane-iron to narrow the shaving-throat a’ of the plane, as the nature of the work to be done may require.

It will be seen that the plane-iron B sets at quite a sharp angle with the working-face of the plane. Consequently it will cut very easily, and this feature, combined with the simple and efiicient means provided for adjusting the plane-iron endwise and laterally, as hereinbefore explained, and the adjustability of the face-section N to regulate the size of the shaving-throat a’, insures true and smooth working of the plane on any quality or grade of lumber, whether it be soft or hard.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with the plane-stock and its bit, of the longitudinal!y-extending screw having a bevel-gear on its outer end, a nut connecting the screw and the bit, and the transverse shaft l2, mounted on the stock under the upper end of the bit and having a bevel-gear at its inner end meshing with the screw-gear and provided at its outer end with an operating-handle, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a cutter and a longitudinal screw in the stock, a nut on the screw engaging the cutter for adjusting it endwise, a transversely-ranging screw, a nut thereon engaging the cutter for adjusting it laterally, and said nut slotted transversely for passage of the longitudinal screw, all arranged for operation substantially as herein set forth.

3. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a composite metal and wood main face-section in rear of the throat and having front side extensions m m extending to the front end of the stock, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide longitudinally in said side extensions to regulate the size of the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

4. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a composite metal and wood main rear face-section having longitudinally-extending front side extensions m m, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide in said extensions, said main face-section provided with an upwardly-projecting flange receiving the body of the plane-stock and provided with screw or other fastenings holding the face to the stock, substantially as herein set forth.

5. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face consisting of a main section M, having opposite front side extensions m m and comprising a metal frame having inserted wooden strips, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide in the extensions m to regulate the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

6. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face consisting of a main section having opposite front side extensions and an adjustable front face-section fitted to said extensions and comprising a metal frame having inserted wooden strips, substantially as herein set forth.

7. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face made with a main section M, having front extensions m m and consisting of a metal frame O, having a cross-bar o behind the plane-throat and front extensions o’ o’, division plates or ribs O5, and wood strips P, set between the plates or ribs O5 and in the extensions o’, an adjustable front section N, fitted to slide in the extensions m m and consisting of a metal frame R, having division-plates r3, and wood strips S, set next said plates, and said frame O having an upwardly-projecting flange o2, receiving screw or other fastenings to hold the face to the plane-stock, substantially as herein set forth.

8. The combination, with the plane-stock or guides thereon, of a front endwise-adjustable face-section provided with a diagonal slot or recess, a transverse screw in the stock, and a nut fitted to said screw and to the diagonal slot of the adjustable face-section, substantially as shown and described, whereby as the screw is turned said face-section will be shifted to narrow or widen the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

9. The combination, with the plane-stock provided with a transverse groove t and a front endwise-adjustable face-section, as N, provided with a diagonal groove or recess V, of a screw U, journaled at said groove t, and a nut T, fitted on said screw and having upper and lower parts fitting the grooves t V, respectively, substantially as herein set forth.

SAVERIO TUOTI.

Witnesses:
HENRY L. GOODWIN,
C. SEDGWICK.

No. 440,558 – Plane (August Frömming) (1890)

[paiddownloads id=”468″]440558

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

AUGUST FRÖMMING, OF LANHAM, KANSAS.

PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 440,558, dated November 11, 1890.
Application filed April 30, 1890. Serial No. 350,073. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUGUST FRÖMMING, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lanham, in the county of Washington and State of Kansas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention consists in a new and improved plane, which will be hereinafter fully described and claimed.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my new and improved plane. Fig. 2 is a central vertical sectional view of the same, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the bit-iron separated from the plane-stock.

The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

The object of my invention is to provide a plane which will work to perfection and with ease and rapidity on rough boards and across the grain of lumber where the ordinary plane could not be used; and to this end my invention consists in the new and improved plane, which will be now described.

Referring to the several parts by letter, A indicates the wooden stock of my plane, this stock having formed in its lower side a recess A’, which is usually rectangular in shape, while in each side of the stock are formed the vertical recesses A2 A2.

The body B of the bit-iron is in the form of a solid block or thick plate adapted to fit adjustably in the recess A’ of the stock, and is formed at each side with the parallel upwardly-extending arms B2 B2, that fit movably in the side recesses A2 of the stock. These arms B2 are formed with the vertical slots A3, open at their upper ends, and set-screws C pass through these slotted arms and work in threaded apertures in re-enforcing plates D, which are let into the sides of the stock, as shown, and secured by small screws. The lower working-face of the bit-iron is formed with a series of numerous transverse parallel cutting-teeth B’, having the inclined rear sides, as shown, and it will be readily seen that when in use these numerous fine cutting-edges will work to perfection on rough boards or across the grain of lumber, cutting smoothly and evenly where it would be impossible to work at all with an ordinary plane. It will be further seen that the bit-iron can be adjusted in the recessed stock by loosening the set-screws C to cause the teeth or cutting-edges B’ to project down farther below the lower face of the plane-stock.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the construction, operation, and advantages of my invention will be readily understood.

It will be seen that my new and improved plane is simple and strong in construction and exceedingly efficient in its operation. It will work perfectly on rough boards, across the grain of lumber, across knots, &c., and the bit-iron can be adjusted as required.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, in a plane, of a stock formed with the bottom recess A’ and the bit-iron block B, adapted to fit in the said recess and formed with the series of parallel cutting-teeth B’, extending transversely across the lower face of the block, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of the stock A, formed with the bottom and side recesses, the bit-iron formed with the series of transverse cutting-teeth B’ and having the slotted side arms B2, and the set-screws C, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

AUGUST FRÖMMING.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM WIETERS,
TH. PEIPER.

No. 435,789 – Bench-Plane Attachment (Thomas W. Bartholomew) (1890)

[paiddownloads id=”465″]435789

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS W. BARTHOLOMEW, OF DANVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA.

BENCH-PLANE ATTACHMENT.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 435,789, dated September 2, 1890.
Application filed December 18, 1889. Serial No. 334,188. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it ltnown that I, THOMAS W. BARTHOLOMEW, of Danville, in the county of Montour and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Plane Attachments; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference rnarked thereon, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to certain improvements in bench-plane attachments.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved attachment for planes to fit into the angle between the plane-iron and plane body or stock and prevent the hand when using the plane from pushing against the plane-iron, and thereby protect the hand from the sharp edges of said iron.

These objects are accomplished by and my invention consists in certain novel features of construction and in combinations of parts more fully described hereinafter, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bench-plane provided with the present attachment or hand-guard. Fig. 2 is a rear view of the same. Fig. 3 is a detail perspective of the hand-guard. Fig. 4 is a detail bottom plan of the same. Fig. 5 is a detail of the cushion for the guard. Fig. 6 is a section on plane of line x x, Fig. 2.

In the drawings, the reference-letter a indicates the body or stock of a plane provided with a plane-iron b and a wedge c, as usual.

When using bench-planes of the characteristics shown, the plane-stock is grasped by the right hand just in rear of the plane-iron, and as the plane is reciprocated the tender portions of the hand between the thulnb and first linger press and rub against the sharp edges of the iron and bit, and are thereby injured, blistered, and rendered exceedingly sore and uncomfortable, and, further, it is difficult to obtain a good hold of the stock of the plane. In order to obviate these disadvantages, a hand-guard d is secured and fitted in the angle between the upper face of the stock and the iron. This guard is hollow and formed integral of cast or sheet metal, provided with the fiat base e, formed by an inwardly-extending flange having opposite transverse apertures f to receive the securing-screws g’, from which base the guard extends upwardly and rearwardly and is rounded at its top, the edges thereof fitting against the rear face of the iron and inclined upwardly at an acute angle equal to the angle of the iron. The rear outer rounded side of the guard is formed so as to fit in the space between the thumb and first linger, and on the right-hand side this guard is provided with a depression It to receive the main thumb-joint. The rear or heel portion of the base of the guard is provided in its under face with a depression or socket i to receive and hold a cushion j, of leather or other suitable substance, fitting between the guard and plane-stock, and the under face of the base is provided with a pair of downwardly-projecting lugs j’ j’ at opposite ends of the said socket. These lugs serve as rests or feet and prevent the guard from being screwed down too tightly or unevenly, and also serve as guards to prevent the cushion being scraped or knocked from its place. The object of this leather cushion is to give the guard an elastic bearing, raise it up, and prevent it from breaking from the jar caused by striking the plane to loosen the plane-iron. The cushion j can be secured in its socket by any suitable material, such as glue, &c. Of course it is understood if the wedge c is placed beneath the bit or iron the guard will iit beneath the same in a like manner.

The great utility and advantages of this article are obvious and well understood, and the article can be manufactured and sold and applied to any plane.

What I claim is —

1. As a new article of manufacture, the herein-described hollow hand-guard for bench-planes, formed integral and consisting of a base to fit on the upper face of the plane-stock, provided with apertures for the securing-screws and with a socket and feet on its under face, for the purposes set forth, and an upwardly and rearwardly inclined portion to fit against the rear side of the plane-iron, formed on its rear side to iit the hand, substantially as described.

2. The herein-described hand-guard for planes, formed integral, consisting of a base to fit on and be secured to the stock, and provided with one or more feet to bear on the stock and an upwardly-extending portion inclined rearwardly and rounded on its outer side to fit the hand, substantially as described.

3. The herein-described hand-guard for planes, consisting of a base having perforations for the securing-screws and provided near its heel with a socket to receive a cushion and with feet located on opposite sides of said socket, and the portion extending upwardly from the base, having inclined edges and formed at its rear side to fit the hand, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with a plane-stock and plane-iron, of a hand-guard secured and fitted in the angle between the upper face of the stock and the plane-iron and rounded on its outer side to fit the hand and a cushion interposed between the stock and said guard, substantially as described.

5. The combination of a plane with a hollow integral metal hand-guard therefor, having a base secured to the stock and a cushion located between said base and stock to tilt said guard and prevent breakage of the guard by striking the plane-stock, substantially as described.

6. In a plane, the combination of a stock with a hand-guard formed hollow and integral and having a base secured to the upper face of the stock, a portion rounded at its rear and extending upwardly and fitting against the rear face of the plane-iron, and a cushion interposed between the base of said guard and the stock and resting in a socket, for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THOS. W. BARTHOLOMEW.

Witnesses:
ROBERT ADAMS,
THOS. J. MILES.

No. 423,424 – Bench-Plane (Samuel Frisbie) (1890)

[paiddownloads id=”461″]423424

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL FRISBIE, OF UNIONVILLE, ASSIGNOR TO THE
UPSON NUT COMPANY, OF FARMINGTON, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 423,424, dated March 18, 1890.
Application filed April 15, 1889. Serial No. 307,352. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL FRISBIE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Unionville, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes; and the objects of my improvement are simplicity in construction and efficiency in operation.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of my plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the same on the line x x of Fig. 1, looking squarely upon the face of the movable bed. Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of my plane in its preferred form; and Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the stock on line y y of Fig. 3, together with a rear elevation of the remaining parts, the cutting-bit and holding-cap being removed.

A designates the stock, of any ordinary form in its general features, and provided with a short section of a frog or seat 5 for the lower end of the cutting-bit 6, said frog-section having on its rear under side a perforation in which the tenon or projection 7 of the movable cutter-bed 8 is loosely fitted, so that said bed may move longitudinally with the cutting-bit, and also rock laterally at its upper end, the tenon 7 serving as a fulcrum on which it rocks. The rear and upper end of this movable bed rests upon a stud 9, and is held in place thereon by means of the screw 10, which passes through a slot in said bed, so as to permit a certain degree of longitudinal and transverse movement of the bed. This bed is so mounted upon the end of the stud 9 that its upper face is substantially a continuation of the sloping face of the frog-section 5. The holding-cap 11, of ordinary construction, is held in place by the screw 12 for clamping the cutting-bit 6 firmly upon the movable bed 3 substantially as such holding-cap and screw have heretofore held the bit upon a stationary bed. The longitudinal adjustment of the cutting-bit is effected by means of the adjusting-screw 13, which carries the movable bed up and down and the cutting-bit with it.

In the preferred form I form an extension 14 on the upper end of the stud 9, to the rear of which I pivot the laterally-adjusting lever 15, with its handle in a pendent position and with its upper end entering a slot 16 in the upper end of the movable bed, whereby a movement of said lever will adjust the movable bed either to the right or left and carry with said bed the cutting-bit, and thereby effect the well-known lateral adjustment of said cutting-bit.

The modification shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is in effect substantially the same — that is to say, it combines with the movable bed a laterally-adjusting lever for effecting the lateral adjustment of the bit by moving its bed; but instead of having the lever in a pendent position it extends parallel to the cutting-bit, with its major portion underneath said bit.

Instead of pivoting said lever to an extension on the stud 9, it is pivoted to the top of said stud by the same screw 10 that serves to hold the moving bed down upon said stud, and the upper face of said bed is grooved or slotted, as shown at 17, Fig. 2, whereby a lateral movement of the lever 15 will move the bed 8 laterally, as before described, diifering only in the substitution of a lever of a different order.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a plane, the combination of the cutting-bit, the moving bed, devices for clamping said bit upon said moving bed, and a laterally-adjusting lever acting to adjust said bed and bit bodily together in a lateral direction, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a plane, the combination of the cutting-bit, the laterally-moving bed, and devices for clamping said bit to said bed, whereby said bed and bit move together laterally in adjusting the cutting-edge squarely with the stock, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

SAMUEL FRISBIE.

Witnesses:
M. C. WOODFORD,
W. E. GRAHAM.

No. 420,386 – Wood-Plane (Carl Julius Jacobsen) (1890)

[paiddownloads id=”459″]420386

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CARL JULIUS JACOBSEN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

WOOD-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 420,386, dated January 28, 1890.
Application filed May 13, 1889. Serial No. 310,562. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL JULIUS JACOBSEN, a citizen of Norway, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wood-Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention consists of an improved adjustable throat to compensate for the widening of the throat by wear; also, of an improved construction for the escape of the shavings and arrangement of the clamp-stay for confining the plane-bit clamp, and also of an improved adjustable stop for gaging the adjustment of the bit when replaced after sharpening, as hereinafter fully described, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is longitudinal section of a portion of a plane constructed according to my improvements, the section being taken on line an x x Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same with the clamp and the plane-bit omitted. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the plane-stock, showing the arrangement of the clamp-stay in a stock not having the metallic top housing; and Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line y y of Fig. 2.

The improvement in the throat consists of the metallic plate a, clamped onto the wall b in front of the throat c by the bolt d, extending forward through the stock e and said plate, and also through the nut f in the recess g of the throat-plate, into which nut said bolt screws by turning it by the head, the nut being held in the recess g so as not to turn, and the said plate having the lower edge h dressed to the plane of the bottom of the plane-stock, so that as the bottom of the plane-stock wears away in use and the throat-opening of the stock widens between the sloping sides of the front and back the plate may be packed out toward the edge of the plane-bit i from time to time by liners j of thin material.

The hole through the plate a for the bolt d is elongated somewhat vertically to allow the plate to shift upward as the bottom of the stock wears faster than the foot of the plate. Said foot is made a little wider than the rest above to insure clearance of the shaving from the projecting nut and end of the rod above, and also to provide a suitable breadth of the surface of the foot having contact with the work. I make the opening from the throat upward to receive the plane-bit i and clamp w and for the escape of the shavings in uniform width and with parallel sides l from the throat up for the better discharge of the shavings, and insert the clamp-stay rod k across said opening and through the sides l, which is much less obstructive to the escape of the shavings than the ribs projecting from the sides l in the common arrangement and making a contracting passage along up the clamp. The rod is also a better fulcrum for the clamp than the ribs. It is much cheaper to make, and by the application of the stop-shoulders m to the upper side of the clamp it forms a stop to control the clamp w as to its position in the opening and relatively to the plane-bit.

The clamp w drops to its position without care or trouble, and is then made tight by the adjusting-screw n in the upper end, being screwed against the plane-bit.

When the plane-stock is fitted with the metallic housing o on the top, I arrange rod k at the joint between the top of the stock and the bottom of the housing, preferably notching the lower edges of the housing to receive half the thickness of the rod, and notching the upper edges of sides l of the stock about half their thickness for receiving the other half of the end portions of the rod, and reducing the ends of the rod to overlap the rest of the thickness of sides l, as shown at p, for a simple method of fitting the rod and providing shoulders to prevent the rod from shifting out of place lengthwise.

When the stock is made without the top housing, the stay-rod will be inserted through the walls l below the top with inlaid metallic reenforcing plates q to prevent the stress of the clamp from jarring the rod slack, as it would if held in the wood only.

To gage the plane-bit so that it will lodge in the right position and same projection of the edge below when returned after being sharpened as before removal, and so as not to require readjustment, I provide the shifting stop-gage block u in the groove s for the head of the screw t, by which the double bit is clamped together, which forms a stop by which the edge of the plane is properly adjusted merely by dropping into the stock and allowing the screw-head to reach and lodge on said block. The groove s is dovetail in form, and the gage-block is fitted so as to keep its place by friction, but to allow of being shifted along slightly from time to time by the force of the clamp-screw t on it when the plane-bit is driven farther down as it wears short in sharpening it. The gage-block being set in the upper part of the groove to begin with, needs no further attention until the worn out plane-bit is replaced by a new one, when it has to be shifted upward along the groove again.

I claim as my invention —

1. The combination, with a wood-plane having the front wall of the opening above the throat inclined reversely to the inclination of the rear wall, of the adjustable throat-plate consisting of the plain flat plate adapted to be clamped on the said front wall and the clamping-bolt extending through the stock from the front end and securing the plate by the nut located in the recess of the plate, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the plane-stock having the front wall of the opening above the throat inclined reversely to the inclination of the back wall, of the plain flat plate having the recess for the nut and slot-hole for the bolt and the clamping-bolt extending through the plane-stock from the front and securing said plate by the nut, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with the plane-stock having the sides of the opening above the throat parallel and with the bit-clamp, of the clamp-stay rod extending across the opening from side to side and secured in the bearing-notches in the joint between the top of the wood stock and the bottom of the metallic housing, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the plane-stock having the sides of the opening above the throat parallel and with the bit-clamp, of the clamp-stay rod extending across the opening from side to side and secured in the bearing-notches and between the shoulders in the joint between the top of the wood stock and the bottom of the metallic housing, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the plane-stock having the groove for the head of the clamp-screw and with said screw, of the adjustable step-gage block in said groove.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CARL JULIUS JACOBSEN.

Witnesses:
W. J. MORGAN,
W. P. EARLL.

No. 398,247 – Plane (Henry Fry) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”445″]398247

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY FRY, OF EUGENE CITY, OREGON.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 398,247, dated February 19, 1889.
Application filed September 13, 1888. Serial No. 285,311. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY FRY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Eugene City, in the county of Lane and State of Oregon, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in carpenters’ planes; and it consists in the novel construction and combination of the parts thereof, as will be more fully hereinafter described and claimed.

The object of my invention is to construct a plane wherein the depth of cut of the bit may be adjusted while the plane is in motion without readjusting the bit after the initial setting thereof. I attain this object by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like letters of reference are used to designate similar parts in the several views, and in which —

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a plane, showing my improved construction in connection therewith. Fig. 2 is a detail perspective view of the bit-guard.

S indicates the stock, having the handle s, bit aperture or well s’, and bit and wedge W, all of which are well known in the art.

The improvement consists in securely hinging to the back end of the stock S a movable shoe or bottom, B. To the forward part of the shoe B a stationary flanged socket-nut, E, is secured, the screw-threaded socket thereof projecting upward into and movable in a recess formed in the stock S. An elongated rod, A, having a lower screw-threaded end to engage the screw-threaded socket of nut E and a top projecting knob for engagement by the operator passes through an aperture in the plane-stock. The said rod A immediately under the top knob is provided with a collar, a; and over this collar and fitted into the top surface of the stock is a plate or plates for holding the said collar and screw-rod down and preventing the same rising from the stock.

To prevent the bit from springing backward when striking knots or when cutting deep in hard wood, due to its extended projection from the bottom of the stock to accommodate the improved construction, I provide a guard-casting, F, which is secured to the bottom of the stock adjacent to the bit-end. This guard consists of a horizontal plate, f having screw-holes therein, and an obliquely-arranged plate, f’, integrally formed with its forward end. The oblique plate f’ has its lower edge beveled, and the greater part thereof projects below plate f. When this guard is adjusted in position, the plate f’ thereof bears against the lower end of the bit and prevents the same from springing backward. The part of plate f’ above plate f sinks into the wood or metal of the stock and firmly re-enforces the guard at this point.

The shoe B, working on the hinge and adjusted by the screw-rod A, virtually raises and lowers the plane-bit from and toward the surface planed, causing it to out a light or heavy shaving at the will of the operator, and the adjustment set forth may be readily attained while the plane is in motion, thereby saving the time and labor involved in setting the bits of planes now in use.

In using an iron plane-stock with a wooden shoe, B, two bosses or lugs cast with the back end of the stock would make the hinging of said shoe practicable, and the screw-rod A would then work through the iron stock.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane,the combination, with a stock having a bit-well therein, of an elongated shoe hinged thereto and solid throughout with the exception of a slot therein for the passage of the bit therethrough, a screw-rod for adjusting said shoe, and a casting composed of a horizontal member secured to the bottom of the stock adjacent to the bit-well, and a front integral member arranged at an angle to said horizontal member, and against which the bit has bearing at its lower end, substantially as described.

2. A plane comprising a, stock with at bit-well, an elongated shoe hinged to the rear end of the stock and having a flanged set-nut secured therein near the front end, a revoluble screw-rod in the stock engaging the set-nut, and a casting, F, having a horizontal member, f, secured to the bottom of the stock, and integral oblique member f’, bearing against the lower end of the bit, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HENRY FRY.

Witnesses:
W. R. McCORMACK,
JOEL WARE.

No. 336,222 – Edge-Guard For Planes (James H. Ferguson) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”406″]336222

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES H. FERGUSON, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNOR TO
LOVEJOY, SON & Co., OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

EDGE-GUARD FOR PLANES.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 336,222, dated February 16, 1886.
Application filed October 3, 1885. Serial No. 178,870. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES H. FERGUSON, of the city of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Edge-Guard for Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is applicable both to planes in which the plane iron or knife is fixed in a stationary frame and performs its work when a piece of material is pushed over it, and to planes in which the iron or knife is fixed in a plane body or stock which is moved by hand over the work.

The object of my invention is to protect and shield or guard the knife so that it cannot receive injury by striking against any metal which would dull or chip its edge, and so that the hands of a workmen on a machine which comprises a plane iron or knife set in a stationary frame cannot be injured by coming in contact with the iron or knife.

To this end my invention consists in the combination, with the body and knife of a plane, of an edge-guard forming the edge of
the throat in front of the cutting-edge, and a spring for projecting the guard from the body so that it will shield the cutting-edge. This guard may be hinged at its side which is most distant from the cutting-edge of the plane-iron, and this arrangement therefore also forms a part of my invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional view of a portion of a stationary frame in which a plane-iron is fixed and an edge-guard, embodying my invention; and Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a hand-plane, also embodying my invention.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in both figures.

Referring first to Fig. 1, which represents my invention as employed in connection with a plane iron or knife fixed in a stationary frame, a designates the iron or knife, which is presented upward through the throat b. In order to shield and protect the cutting-edge of the plane-iron a and prevent injury to it by reason of striking any hard-metal articles against it, and also to prevent the hands of the workmen from being injured by contact therewith, I employ an edge-guard, E, which is here represented as hinged at e at the side most distant from the cutting-edge of the iron a in the frame of the machine. This guard is projected upward by means of the spring c, so that its forward edge will be presented as far above the frame of the plane as the cutting-edge of the iron a, and the free edge of the guard E forms the front wall of the throat through which the plane-iron a is projected. The spring c, although sufficiently strong to hold the guard E in its upward position and prevent accidental contact with the edge of the plane-iron a, is, however, weak enough to yield when an article or piece of material is pressed down on the bed or frame and moved across the plane-iron a. My invention. as illustrated in Fig. 1, may be employed for planing wood or soft metal — such, for example, as beveling off the edges of stereotype and electrotype plates. In Fig. 2 I have represented an ordinary hand-plane, of which F designates the body, and a the plane-iron, the edge of which is presented at the under side of the body through a throat, b. This plane-body has secured in it at the under side a guard, E, which is hinged at e at the side most distant from the cutting edge of the iron a, and which is projected downward by a spring, c, so that its forward edge, which forms the front of the throat b, will protrude from the under side of the body to as great or greater extent as the cutting-edge of the iron a. The spring c should be of such strength that when the plane is at rest upon a bench or other support the projection of the guard will be such as to hold the cutting-edge out of contact with the support and to prevent its contact with different articles which would impair or dull the cutting-edge. The strength of the spring must, however, be such that when pressure is applied to the body of the plane when in use the guard E will yield to such pressure and will enable the cutting-edge of the iron a to perform its work.

I am aware that it is not new to provide the body of a carpenter’s plane with yielding disks or plates upon the under side which are pressed outward by springs, so that when the plane is at rest upon a bench or other support they will project sufficiently far upon the under side of the body to hold the cutting-edge of the iron out of contact with the support. These yielding disks or plates are, however, remote from the throat of the plane, and do not perform the function of my edge-guard E in protecting the edge of the cutting iron or knife, as they do not form the edge of the throat in front of the cutting-edge.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with the body and knife of a plane, of an edge-guard forming the edge of the throat of the cutting-edge, and a spring for projecting the guard from the body so that it will shield the cutting-edge, substantially as herein described.

2. The combination, with the body and knife of a plane, of an edge-guard forming the edge of the throat in front of the cutting-edge and hinged at its side which is most distant from the cutting-edge, and a spring for projecting the guard from the body so that it will shield the cutting-edge, substantially as herein described.

JAMES H. FERGUSON.

Witnesses:
FREDK. HAYNES,
HENRY McBRIDE.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 336,222.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 336,222, granted February 16, 1886, upon the application of James H. Ferguson, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for an improvement in “Edge-Guards for Planes,” certain words were erroneously omitted in printing the specification, which should be supplied, to wit: In line 11, page 2, after the word “throat” the words in front should be inserted; and the Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein to conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed, countersigned, and sealed this 23d day of February, A. D. 1886.

[SEAL.]

H. L. MULDROW,
Acting Secretory of the Interior.

Countersigned:
M. V. MONTGOMERY,
Commissioner’ of Patents.

No. 310,163 – Plane (William F. Achenbach) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”380″]310163

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH, OF READING, PENNSYLVANIA.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 310,163, dated January 6, 1885.
Application filed September 15, 1884. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Reading, county of Berks, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This improvement relates more particularly to carpenters’ bench-planes.

The object of the invention is to place in the hands of wood-workers, joiners, and others a plane which will dress smoothly cross-grained and knotty woods so finely that subsequent filling and scraping are rendered unnecessary. These results are attained by a very slight yet important alteration of the mode of dressing the face of planes, as will be explained further on.

Figure 1 is a perspective elevation of a smoothing-plane having my improvement attached thereto. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section showing more clearly the improvement. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the face of the plane, showing the improvement. Fig. 4 is a plan and sectional view of the plane-bit preferably used in the plane. In all of which —

A represents the body of the plane; A’, the month of the plane; A2, the throat; B, the wedge; C, the bit; D, the usual cap for a double bit; E, a metal plate sunk in the face of the plane in advance of the mouth-opening; E’, a plate sunk in the face of the plane in the rear of the mouth.

The improvement is applicable to both jack and fore planes, and it will be found advantageous to apply it to the same; but it is particularly adapted to the smoothing-plane for finishing off veneers or any fine work in hard or soft woods. The usual custom is to smooth off as well as is practicable with the plane, then to use the scraper to finish up, supplementing the latter by a wood filling and a rubbing down with pumice-stone. With my improvement in the construction of the plane-face this is unnecessary, as a simple sandpapering after the plane leaves the work ready for varnishing.

The result of the improvement is that much more work can be done in a given time, and when done is of a superior character to all work hitherto produced by the use of the plane alone.

The construction of the plane is as follows, the description applying more particularly to a smoothing-plane, as shown: It will be seen that the elevation, as in Fig. 1, makes no disclosure of any change in the construction of the plane. The longitudinal section and the plan, Figs. 2 and 3, show metallic plates inserted permanently in the face of the plane. The plates are about one-half inch wide, and about one-fourth of an inch short of the width of the plane at the point of insertion, leaving, when inserted, about one-eighth of an inch of wood standing at each end of the metallic plate. The plates may be about one-eighth of an inch thick, and they are secured in place by countersunk-screws.

The plates having been placed as shown, one, E, with its edge coincident with the front edge of the month of the plane, and the other placed at about one-third of the length of the plane from its rear end, I dress the face of the plane, and metallic plate included, from the mouth-edge of the plate to the fore end of the plane, so that the fore end shall be about one-thirtieth of an inch lower than the mouth-edge of the plate, the face of the plane being reversed upon the bench. The space between the plates E and E’ may be level, but I prefer to have it slightly hollow — say about one sixty-fourth of an inch — and from the rear plate, E’, to the end of the plane I again drop the face, the plane-face being reversed to about one-thirtieth of an inch at the rear end below the level of the plate E’, the straight edge in both cases resting upon the inner edges of the plates E and E’.

For fore or jack planes the same depression of the face from the front and rear plates is maintained, but the space between the front and rear plates is kept at a dead level, and one or more intermediate plates inserted to insure uniformity of wear.

The use of the plates not only serves to maintain certain fixed points upon the face of the plane, but also serves to reduce the friction of the plane in operating the same.

Although an ordinary double-bitted plane-iron may be used in a plane constructed in accordance with my improvement, yet I find a plane-iron of a parallel thickness for the length of the cap to give better results. A parallel bit, as it wears and is thrust forward through the mouth of the plane, causes no change in the distance left between its face and the edge of the plate, while the thrusting forward of the usual tapered thickness bit as it wears away gradually enlarges the opening of the mouth, and will not permit of fine work being done. The plate E at the mouth should be so set relative to the bit C that the space left for the passage of the shavings should limit the thickness of the same to suit the character of work to be performed, and the plate E’ in all cases at about one-third of the length of the plane from its rear end, this plate marking that point upon the plane which I find from practical use to be that which is best adapted to give relief to the user in handling the same, and indicating by its position that portion of the plane-face lying between plates E E’, which is to be retained at or near a dead level, as already described. As the plane-face loses its original form from use, it must be renewed, which I find is best performed by rubbing down with a block of hard wood covered with fine flint sand-paper. For hard-wood veneers, &c., a clearance at front and rear (the straight edge resting upon the inner edges of the plates E E) of about one-thirtieth of an inch will be ample. For soft woods the clearance may be increased to one-twentieth of an inch.

In grinding up and sharpening the bit it should curve very moderately in its width, and should project very slightly above the face of the month-iron E. The slight elevation of the edge of the plate above the fore end of the plane gives the plane-bit a bite upon the wood with the slightest protrusion ofthe same.

In the use of a plane whose face is dressed in accordance with my improvement the operator will find that less exertion is required and more work is performed, from the fact that there is nothing to interfere with the bite of the bit upon the wood, whereas, with the ordinary plane, the face being a dead level from end to end, the bit must be projected beyond the face to a much greater extent to cut down the same depth of surface, and, owing to this greater protrusion of the bit there is more liability to catch and tear away the material when knots or cross grain intervenes, thus leaving the surface in a much rougher condition.

Having described my improvement and shown its construction and use, I desire to secure by Letters Patent the following claims thereon —

1. As an improved article of manufacture, a carpenter’s bench-plane provided with inserted metallic plates suitably secured in the face thereof, one, E, at and forming the fore edge of the mouth of the plane, and one, E’, at about one-third of the length of the plane from the rear end of the same, and dressing the fore and rear faces of the plane from said plates E and E’, as described, in combination with the plane A, wedge B. bit C, and cap D, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In combination with carpenters’ fore, jack, and smoothing planes, having their faces dressed as described, the plates E and E’ with one or more plates intermediate thereto, recessed in said plane-faces, and suitably secured therein, substantially as shown, and for the purpose set forth.

WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH.

Witnesses:
THOMAS P. KINSEY,
F. PIERCE HUMMEL.

No. 293,864 – Bench-Plane (Arthur T. Goldsborough) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”355″]293864

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ARTHUR T. GOLDSBOROUGH, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 293,864, dated February 19, 1884.
Application filed July 19, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR T. GOLDSBOROUGH, a resident of the city of Wlashington and District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Metallic Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

The nature of this invention relates to improvements in metallic bench-planes; and it consists in certain novel details of construction and arrangement, the particulars of which will be hereinafter fully described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, in elevation, of a plane illustrating my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the stock and handle, a portion of the upper part being broken away. Fig. 3 is a section in elevation on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an inverted plan view on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detail view of a portion of the bit and its adusting-screw.

Similar letters denote like parts.

A represents the stock, and B represents a bridge or portion connecting the sides, in which moves the main or adjusting screw C. The bridge in this case, being only apertured to carry the said screw and not slitted for the insertion of the bit, may be made smaller and thinner than heretofore, and yet be possessed of the requisite strength and rigidity. Under the bridge, and in close proximity thereto, are two small short cleats or studs, b b, and directly above the throat H is located another cleat or stud, b’, both sets being arranged in the same line with respect to the throat of the plane. The bit D is formed with a T-shaped slot at its upper end, and the adjusting-screw C is provided with a corresponding head,which is T- shaped in cross-section. When in position, the bit may be moved freely up and down between the cleats by means of the said screw. The bit is inserted from below through the throat of the plane, as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 1, and some means must be provided for allowing sufficient movement of the said bit for it to be placed over the head of its adjusting-screw. This may be accomplished in several ways — as, for instance, forming the bit of a width less than that of the stock between the upper and lower set of cleats, or making one of the upper sets of cleats removable, or by forming triangular recesses E in the stock, within which recesses the upper end of the bit can be raised out of the path of the main or adjusting screw sufficiently to allow it, when only partially inserted, to be placed over its head. The motion of the screw is then reversed and the bit drawn in between the upper set of cleats as far as maybe desired. I prefer the latter plan, as it allows the use of a somewhat wider bit in proportion to the thickness of the sides of the stock, unless, as in the first-mentioned method, they (the sides) be made very thin. The bit, having been inserted loosely, is secured in position as follows: At a point about midway between the bridge and throat, and attached to the inside of the sole ofthe stock, is located the supplemental bridge F, in which is mounted the set-screw G, which has a conical or wedge-like end, g. The said bridge and screw are preferably placed at such an angle that the point of the screw G will strike the inside of the sole and the under side of the bit at equal angles, so that the force exerted by it, when tightened so as to lock the previously-adjusted bit, will be evenly distributed between the parts with which it is in contact. The rear portion of the stock is provided with the inwardly-extending ribs L L, the inner sides of which being oblique, they form together an inverted-V-shaped groove or slot.

The handle I is preferably made of cast-iron. It is provided with the internal-screw-threaded boss J and set-screw i, and the foot I’, which has extending or spreading sides K K. When the foot of said handle is inserted endwise into the V-shaped groove and the set-screw tightened against the sole of the stock, the handle will be securely held. By loosening the said screw i, the handle can be readily removed, and the said screw is intended to be arranged for operation by hand or with a screw-driver, as most convenient.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A bench-plane having a single bit and a detachably-connected adjusting-screw arranged inline therewith, and adapted to move said bit longitudinally in its plane of adjustment, a stock provided with rigidly-fined inward projections arranged on parallel lines on each side thereof, between which the bit is held and moved, and means for locking the adjusted bit by forcing it obliquely upward against the projections of the stock, as set forth.

2. A bench-plane having a single bit, an adjusting-screw detachably connected thereto, a stock formed with spaces or recesses leading obliquely upward from the throat and adapted to allow the upper end of said bit to be moved at right angles to its plane of adjustment while being connected to its adjusting-screw, and a set-screw arranged to exert pressure below said bit and lock it in its adjusted position.

3. In a bench plane, a stock formed with a bridge connecting the sides thereof on the line of the cutting-bit, and adapted to support a screw for controlling the longitudinal adjustment thereof, and a supplementary bridge located below the bit and adapted to support a set-screw operating between the bit and the inner side of the sole, cleats projecting inwardly from the sides of said stock, between which said bit moves and is adjusted, and a recess or space between the lower and upper cleats, within which the bit may be moved at right angles to its plane of adjustment, as set forth.

4. The stock A, formed with bridges B and F, the cleats b and b’, and recesses E or equivalent, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 19th day of July, A. D. 1883.

ARTHUR T. GOLDSBOROUGH.

Witnesses:
FRANKLAND JANNUS,
FRANK P. WHILE.

No. 293,863 – Bench-Plane (Arthur T. Goldsborough) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”354″]293863

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ARTHUR T. GOLDSBOROUGH, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 293,863, dated February 19, 1884.
Application filed July 19, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR T. GOLDSBOROUGH, a resident of the city of Washington and District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Metallic Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

The nature of this invention relates to improvements in construction and arrangement of metallic bench-planes, the object of which is to reduce the number of working parts, and by promoting extreme simplicity of form to reduce the weight, cost, and liability to disarrangement of the several elements of which the tool is composed.

It consists in forming the stock in which the bit and its adjusting-screw are mounted with guiding and retaining cleats arranged in the same line as that of the bit, and between which it moves, and also with a projection near the throat on a somewhat higher line, and over which the bit is forced by its adjusting-screw when being brought to the cutting-point, which operation springs it slightly out of line, securely locking it against the several projections mentioned and hereinafter more fully described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section in elevation of a plane, illustrating my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the stock, a portion thereof being broken away to show the cleats and projection or deflector. Fig. 3 is an inverted plan view on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a detail view of parts of the bit and its adjusting-screw.

Similar letters denote like parts.

A represents the stock, which may be of metal, wood, or any other suitable material, but is preferably made of cast-iron.

B is the bridge, formed integral with the stock, and, being at the extremity of the path of the bit, it supports the adjusting-screw C, and also unites the two sides of the stock. The bridge is provided with a slit, b, through which the bit D is inserted and withdrawn; and it also has the threaded aperture b’, which carries the adjusting-screw G. The bit D is formed with a T – shaped slot at its upper end, and the screw C has a corresponding terminal, c, which is T- shaped in cross-section, so that the screw and bit are, when associated together, at all times detachably connected.

E is the throat, the rear interior edge of which is thickened or raised, so as to form the projection or deflector F.

G is a cleat, preferably forming an extension of the material of the stock, and it extends from the under side of the bridge to the deflector, terminating below the highest part thereof, and serving as a guide to direct the course of the bit when being inserted, so that the cutting-edge shall not come in contact with the deflector, but only the beveled under side of the bit.

G’ is a cleat extending about one-third the distance from the under side of the said bridge toward the throat, and parallel with the other cleat, G, with sufficient space between the two to allow the bit to pass freely up and down.

The operation of my device is as follows: The bit is placed in the slot d and moves freely down between the cleats until its beveled under side reaches and rests upon the deflector F, when its downward passage will be arrested. The screw C, having been connected to the bit when it was inserted, is now turned and the bit forced downward. Being held between both cleats at its upper portion only, the edect of this will be to spring the bit forward and obliquely upward, to enable it to pass over the deflector until its edge reaches the operative point, when the said bit will be tightly held between the highest point of the deflector and the short upper cleat, G’.

It will be readily seen that the deflecting device may consist of short cleats or projections attached to the side of the stock, near instead of at the throat of the plane, and they may also be placed above as well as below the bit, if found desirable.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A bench-plane having a single bit, and means for moving the same longitudinally, and a stock provided with fixed projections arranged in the path of the cutting-bit, but on different lines, between which projections the bit is held when forced to its operative point, as set forth.

2. A bench-plane having a single bit and detachably-connected adjusting-screw, and a stock formed with cleats, between which said bit. moves freely, and a deflector at or near the throat, over which the bit is forced to its operative point by its adjusting-screw, and between which deflector and cleats it is securely held, substantially as set forth.

3. In a beneh-plane, the stock A, formed with a guiding-cleat extending from the point of insertion of the bit to and terminating at a deflector or raised portion at or near the throat, and a cleat arranged above and parallel to and only a portion of the length of the said guiding-cleat, between which short cleat and the defleetor a cutting-bit may be securely held.

4. In a bench-plane, the combination, with the stock A, provided with slotted and screw-threaded bridge B, uniting the sides thereof, cleats G and G’, extending inward from the sides of the slot, and deflector or projection F, at or near the throat of the plane, of the bit D and detachable adjusting-screw C, all constructed and operating substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 19th day of July, A. D. 1883.

ARTHUR T. GOLDSBOROUGH.

Witnesses:
FRANKLAND JANNUS,
FRANK P. WHITE.

No. 291,178 – Plane (William B. Fenn) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”350″]291178

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM B. FENN, OF MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO FOSTER, MERRIAM & CO., OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 291,178, dated January 1, 1884.
Application filed September 3, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM B. FENN, of Meriden, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, a citizen of the United States, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in explaining its nature, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a plane containing my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on the line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 represents a modification in construction hereinafter described.

The invention relates to various details of construction, all of which are hereinafter fully described.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the stock of the plane. It is made of metal, has the vertical side extensions or flanges, a, the handles a1 a2, and the knife-opening a3. Cast with the stock, or secured thereto by rivets or in any other desirable way, is the triangular-shaped block B. This block is narrower than the plane-stock, and is arranged immediately back of the knife-opening, and there is a recess or space between its vertical sides and the inner sides of the extension or flange a. Its upper surface is inclined, preferably, parallel with the incline a5 of the knife-opening. To this upper surface of the block is fastened by screws a6, or otherwise secured, a plate, a7, which is of the same inclination as the surface of the block, and which extends beyond it on each side to furnish supports or ways for the carriage C, which holds the plane iron or knife.

Instead of making the plate a7 separate and attaching it to the block B, it may be made integral therewith, if desired. The location of this block and plate in relation to the knife-opening and to the side flanges, a, of the plane is well shown in Fig. 3.

Extending upwardly and backwardly from the block B is the threaded spindle or screw, b, by which, in connection with the devices hereinafter described, the carriage, and there-fore the plane irons or knives, is adjusted vertically.

The carriage C has the flat upper surface or bed c, upon which the plane irons or knives D rest, the flat under portion, c1, which slides upon the upper surface ef the plate a7, and the outwardly-projecting portions or wings c2, which extend under the under surface of the side edges of the plate a7, and secure the carriage thereto in a manner to permit it to be moved vertically thereon without being raised or lifted therefrom — that is, these are formed in the downwardly-projecting portions of the carriage grooves or recesses which fit the outer edges of the plate a7. It is of course immaterial as to how these grooves or recesses are formed. They may be made in casting the block, or they may be planed out; and it is also immaterial as to their shape and the shape of the edges of the plate in cross-section, as this shape may be square, or partially rounded, or inclined upon the under edge. The carriage C also has the downwardly-extending lug or bracket c3, which has the projections c4, that straddle the portion c5 of the nut c6. This nut has a thread, c7, which fits the thread on the inclined screw or spindle b. The shoulders c8 c9, at the lower end of the nut, fasten the projections c4 of the carriage securely to the nut, so that upon the revolution of the nut the carriage is raised or lowered.

It will be observed that the nut is so located in relation to the back handle of the plane that it can be easily revolved without removing the hand from the handle, so that the plane irons or knives may be adjusted while the plane is being moved. The plane-irons are secured to this block; by means of the headed screw-spindle E, which screws into the carriage, and of course may be adjusted in and out in relation thereto, and which passes through the hole e in the plane-irons and the key F, which has formed in its under surface in any desirable way the projections f, which shut under the head cf the screw. The under surface, and especially the lower edge of the key, bears upon the upper plane-iron, and the screw f1 in its upper end bears upon the upper plane-iron, throws the lower portion of the key rigidly against the lower portion of the plane-iron, and being held to the carriage by the headed spindle or screw E, the plane knives or irons are rigidly fastened to the carriage. The plane-irons are secured to each other by the coupling-screw d, and a hole, d1, is made in the carriage to receive the head of this screw.

The advantages of this invention are simplicity and cheapness of construction and ease of adjustment of the irons.

It will be observed that the threaded spindle or stem b need not necessarily be secured to the block B, as it can be fastened to any other part of the stock or body of the plane, provided it is arranged to project diagonally upward, as shown.

It will also be seen that by making the headed screw E adjustable in the carriage plane-irons of varying thickness may be used, and that a tight fit between the key-piece, plane-irons, and carriage may be obtained, which is desirable, as it prevents chips, dust, and shavings from getting between the various parts, and also holds the plane-irons more securely in place.

In Fig. 5 I show the nut secured by the body of the plane or block B, instead of to the knife-carriage C; and I prefer to secure the nut in place by tapping a hole in the block or body of the plane and forming a projection on the end of the nut, which shall tightly fit the hole when driven therein. The screw-spindle will, in this construction, take the place of the nut c6 in relation to the carriage C, and the screw will enter the stationary nut; or, in other words, in this modification the nut is stationary and the screw-spindle movable with the carriage.

Of course the invention can be used in planes having wooden bodies, or bodies having wooden bottoms and metal frames, if desired.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States —

1. A plane bed or stock having the block B, cast upon or fastened to the inside thereof, of less width than the body of the plane,and provided with ways or guides for the support of a movable plane knife or iron supporting carriage formed thereon by means of the projections a7, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. The combination of the plane bed or stop A, the block B, fastened or secured thereto, narrower than the plane-stock, and having the projecting guides a7, with a movable or knife-supporting carriage, G, having the outwardly-projecting portions or wings c2, which lap under the under surface of the guides, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. The combination, in a plane, of the stock or bed A, the block B, fastened thereto as described, and of less width than the body of the plane, provided with the ways or guides a7, which project therefrom, as specified, the threaded spindle or screw b, the plane knife or iron supporting carriage C, having the projecting portions c2, which lap upon the under surface of the guides or fianges a7, and the nut c5, secured to said carriage, as described, all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The combination, in a plane, of the threaded spindle or stem fixed in the body of the plane, the plane iron or knife supporting carriage C, having the projections c4, which straddle the nut c5, the said nut c6, which works upon the threaded stem, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

5. The plane knife or iron supporting carriage C, having the bracket or projection c3, whose projecting ends straddle the grooved or recessed nut c6 between the shoulders c8 c9. all substantially as and for the purposes described.

6. The combination of the adjustable screw or lug E, having in the movable carriage C the plane iron or irons D, and the key F, having the undercut recess in its under surface, adapted to receive the head of the screw or lug, and the locking-screw f1, all substantially as and for the purposes described.

WILLIAM B. FENN.

Witnesses:
L. WETMORE,
GEO. W. COLE.

No. 245,093 – One-Hand Plane (Isaac Reeder) (1881)

[paiddownloads id=”315″]245093

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ISAAC REEDER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ROBERT S. DUFF, OF SAME PLACE.

ONE-HAND PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 245,093, dated August 2, 1881.
Application filed May 26, 1881. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ISAAC REEDER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wood-Workers’ Finishing-Tools; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention is designed for finishing or smoothing moldings, &c., and may be variously shaped to suit the different conformations of the surfaces upon which it is used.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of one form of the invention. Fig. 2 is a side view of a niodided form of the invention. Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a side view of a portion of the tool, showing a further modification.

Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in the respective figures.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, A is a metal stock, the lower or operating face of which is, as viewed endwise or in transverse section, made convex or of other formation to suit the character of the work. The bed of the stock, or the surface upon which the plane-bit rests, is placed at the usual angle. The lower face of the stock is curved longitudinally, in order that the bit may be given the desired bite into the wood without shifting its position relatively to the stock.

B represents the bit, which is of a construction similar to that heretofore employed in planes, the bit being slotted and secured to the bed of the stock by a set-screw in a common manner. The cutting-edge of the bit is ground to the ordinary acute angle, and is made to conform to the transverse shape of the operating-face of the stock. The bit, as here shown, is not used. with a cover, but one may be used if desired, in which case the lower edge of the cover should be so formed as to be concentric with the cutting-edge of the bit, and fixed at a short distance above it to coincide with the steel face in the ordinary manner.

The front portion or lip of the stock is hollowed out at its upper surface, and the cavity thus formed may serve to collect the minute shavings which in the operation of the tool are passed through the aperture cut in the stock for the insertion of the bit; or it may serve as a rest for the finger or thumb of the operator, who can thus place a pressure on the lip of the stock and increase the bite of the bit.

At the rear of the stock is formed an ear or lug, to which the handle B is secured by a set-screw, b. This handle is adapted to be moved upon the screw as a pivot obliquely to the line of movement of the tool, and held in the required position.

In Fig. 2 the handle is shown solid with the stock, but in other respects the tool agrees with the description above given.

In Fig. 4 the lower or operating face of the stock is flat, the edge of the bit a, being necessarily of corresponding shape.

The tool is specially designed for finishing wood moldings, and when so employed may take the place of the round-nosed chisel and sand-paper at present commonly used. The tool may, however, be used with advantage in finishing other surfaces of soft material.

I claim as my invention —

As an improvement in tools for finishing or smoothing moldings, &c., a metallic stock whose front portion or lip is constructed to serve as a finger or thumb rest, combined with an adjustable bit, and a pivoted handle capable of horizontal adjustment obliquely to the line of movement of the tool, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ISAAC REEDER.

Witnesses:
J. SNOWDEN BELL,
GEORGE T. KELLY.

No. 212,986 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Louis C. Rodier) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”300″]212986

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LOUIS C. RODIER, OF WESTFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, TO LAFLIN MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 212,986, dated March 4, 1879; application filed December 9, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS C. RODIER, of Westfield, county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, which improvements are fully set forth in the annexed specification and in the accompanying drawings.

My improvements relate to metallic bench-planes; and my invention consists in an improved knife-carriage, pivoted between the side walls of the stock, improved devices for operating the knife-carriage and knife to govern the depth of the cut, an improved construction and arrangement of parts whereby the operator can, without removing the plane from the board, and by the use of the fingers of the hand grasping the rear handle of plane, reduce the thickness of the shaving from that of a jack-plane to that of a smoothing-plane.

Referring to the drawings, which consist of two sheets and eight figures, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of my plane. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the knife-carriage and its operating-cam, showing its relative position to the hand of the operator while grasping the rear handle of the plane. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the knife-clamp and its set-screw. Fig. 4 is a view of the cam which actuates the knife-carriage, and the rear arm of the latter. Fig. 5 is a transverse section through the stock on the line x x, Fig. 1, showing the latter and the rear end of the carriage. Fig. 6 is a plan view of that portion of the stock embracing the throat thereof, with the carriage and trunnion-bar. Fig. 7 is a plan view of the face of the stock. Fig. 8 is a view partly of a side elevation and partly in section, showing a modified construction of the knife-rest.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the different figures.

A is the stock. B is the knife-carriage. c is a carriage-spring. d is the trunnion-bar. b is a cam-shaft support. e is a spoked cam-shaft wheel. i is the cam-shaft. o is the cam. h is a knife-brace on carriage B. n n’ are hooked arms on carriage B. D is the knife-clamp. s is the knife-clamp screw. t t are ears on the knife-clamp. m is the throat of the plane. a’ is the rear end of carriage B, under I cam o. z is a screw in trunnion-bar, d. K is the knife. H, Fig. 8, is a knife-rest just back of throat m.

I cast my plane-stock and fit to it the usual handle and front knob. Just forward of the handle I cast a cam-shaft support, b, into which I fit a cam-shaft, i, and secure to its rear upper end a wheel, e, and to its lower end cam o. Through the sides of stock A, opposite each other, I drill two holes for the reception of trunnion-shaft d. Carriage B is made to it between the sides of stock A, back of throat m, as shown, and is drilled so that it may be mounted on trunnion-bar d in its place in stock A, and is provided with a vertical knife-brace, h, and a rearwardly-projecting arm, a’, under cam o, and its sides rise up and turning backward form hook-shaped arms n n’.

Trunnion-shaft d has its ends and its center turned of about equal diameters; but between its center and the sides of the carriage B its diameter is reduced, so that its diameter centrally between said sides is the greatest. Thus fitted and arranged, carriage B and trunnion-bar d are placed in stock A, and said carriage has a vibratory motion therein, pivoted on said bar d.

In Fig. 5 it will be seen that the interior of stock A is made with its bottom the highest in the middle at the place there shown. The rear end of carriage B reaches over said highest part, and lying under said carriage, its sides resting on the ends thereof, is a spring, c, having a bearing midway between its ends on said highest part of the bottom of stock A, as seen in Fig. 5.

Knife-clamp D is made of the form shown, being of the same width as the distance between the sides of carriage B, provided with projecting ears t t on its edges and a set-screw, s, through its upper end.

When knife K is put into the plane its lower end bearing just above its cutting-edge rests upon the center of trunnion-bar d, with its cutting-end in the throat m of the stock, and just above, it finds a bearing on knife-brace h. Knife-clamp D is now placed on top of knife K, and slid down until its ears t t engage under the hooked arms n n’ on carriage B. In this position set-screw s is turned down against knife K. Ears t t now become a fulcrum on which clamp D bears upwardly, restrained by hooked arms n n’. This throws the lower end of the clamp strongly against the knife near its cutting-edge, clamping its lower end firmly between the end of said clamp and the center of trunnion-bar d, and pressing its part under screw s firmly against brace h, and thus rigidly locking the knife to the carriage.

My improved plane is adjusted and operated as follows: When the knife is put in as above described, the cam o is turned by wheel e, so as to depress arm a’ on carriage B and the rear end of said carriage against spring c, under it, as low as it will go. With the carriage in this position knife K is locked thereon, as just described, with its cutting-edge in throat m just flush with the face of the plane-stock. Knife-clamp D is truly fitted to carriage B, so that its lower edge, when in operating position in carriage B, is at right angles to a longitudinal center-line through the plane. Knife K, it will be seen, has a rear support only on its longitudinal center-line, touching on the center of the elliptic-shaped bar d and on the narrow end of knife-brace h, on carriage B. Thus the knife is forced by operating-screw s against it, to adjust itself to the position of the knife-clamp D, which, being true, as stated, causes the edge of the knife to be truly brought into place in the throat m. Knife K being adjusted, as above stated, the handle of the plane is grasped by the operator, as shown in Fig. 2, and the plane is applied to its work.

It will be seen that the knife guiding cam-wheel is in such convenient form and position relative to the plane-handle that the operator can vary the depth of the cut even from one end of it to the other, and by turning wheel e and cam o to the left the rear end of carriage B rises, forced up by spring c, swinging on trunnion-bar d, and carrying with it in such motion knife K, which, in this position, operates something like a lever whose short arm is below the center of bar d, and whose long arm is represented by that part of it above said bar.

It is easily understood that the elevation of the part of knife K above bar d and the consequent depression of the lower end of the knife increases the depth of the out that the plane will make, and vice versa. It will also be seen that all of the points of resistance which support the knife against the force of the cut are solid and unyielding, and that the devices for governing the cut are so constructed and applied that the operator may commence with a deep heavy cut against the grain of hard tough wood, and while planing gradually elevate the edge of the knife by turning wheel e and cam o to the right until he produces the smooth fine shaving of a smoothing-plane. The cutting-edge of the knife is so backed up close to its end by bar d that the knife cannot chatter under any circumstances.

The devices for securing the knife to the carriage are such that it is not necessary that a specially-constructed knife be used with this plane; and if it be necessary from any cause to use an unusually thin knife, I have provided a means for compensating therefor in the screw z, placed at the bearing-point thereon in bar d, Fig. 6, which, in such an emergency, may be turned out of said bar far enough to cause the edge of such a knife to assume its proper position in throat m.

In case it may be desirable to modify the construction of my plane by omitting to extend bar d quite across the stock from side to side, substituting therefor short trunnion-bearings reaching just through the sides of the stock and of the carriage, I have provided a center-rest, H, Fig. 8, for the knife, cast on the stock about where the center of bar d would come.

For the purpose of tightening and strengthening the sides of the stock, I cast it with vertical grooves therein, as shown in Fig. 8.

In Fig. 7 it will be seen that I cast sinuous grooves in the face of stock A, running longitudinally thereon. The general object of such or straight grooves — viz., to prevent the adhesion of the plane to a very smooth surface — is well understood, and to accomplish that object straight grooves are sufficient; but in using a plane so made it is found that in planing the sharp corner of a board the corner will often drop into one of the grooves, and thus become scraped and injured; but if the face be corrugated with sinuous grooves, as shown, this inconvenience is entirely obviated.

I am aware that it is not new to construct a metallic plane-stock having a knife-carriage pivoted within its sides, and I do not broadly claim a plane so constructed; but

What I claim as my invention is —

1. The plane-stock A, provided with the cam-shaft support b, in combination with cam o, shaft i, wheel e, knife-carriage B, trunnion-bar d, and spring c, constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with carriage B, provided with hooked arms n n’ and the knife-brace h, of the elliptically-shaped trunnion-bar d, knife K, and knife-clamp D, provided with screw S, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a plane-stock provided with a vibratory knife- carriage, the knife K, arranged to have its rear support on said carriage, substantially on the longitudinal center-line of the knife, with the cutting-end of the knife resting on and supported bythe axial pivot of the carriage.

4. The combination of spring c, carriage B, and cam o, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

LOUIS C. RODIER.

In presence of–
WM. H. CHAPIN,
H. A. CHAPIN.

No. 207,599 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Henry A. Foss) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”294″]207599

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY A. FOSS, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO PHILIP E. CHAPIN, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 207,599, dated September 3, 1878; application filed April 15, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY A. FOSS, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements pertaining to a Carpenter’s Plane, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a top view of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a side view of same. Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the fastening-lever. Fig. 4 is a view of the fastening-lever in central longitudinal section. Fig. 5 is a side view of the lower end of the fastening-lever.

The letter a denotes the body or stock of a metallic plane. b denotes the plane-iron, which may or may not be supplemented by a cap-iron lying on a proper bed and running down to the throat. The letter c denotes the fastening-lever, bearing on its sides the fulcrum-ears d d, resting in the fulcrum-mortises e e, which are made in the plane-stock, provided near the upper end with the tightening-screw f and at the lower end with the rocking end g, which is pivoted to the fastening-lever in such shape as to allow it to rock and adjust itself to bear squarely and flatly on the plane-iron. To secure this rocking motion, the lower end of the fastening-lever is provided with the pivot-pin h, which runs through a corresponding pin-hole, i, in the rocking end, and is provided with a head on the under side. Preferably the spring j is also secured on this pin, bearing against the under side of the rocking end.

The sides of the plane-body are provided with or shaped into the swells k k, and the fulcrum-mortises e e are made just underneath these swells. These swells allow the passage of the fulcrurn-ears d d down to the fulcrum-mortises. Then, by sliding the fastening-lever slightly forward, the ears d d are carried to the forward ends of the mortises, which are inwardly shouldered, so that the ears lock under at this point. This construction not only allows the fulcrum-mortises to be cast, but the swells give a good gripe for the hand of the operator.

The letter l denotes a knob or handle, fastened to the fastening-lever c by having the screw l’ cast in or projecting from the fastening-lever, and running into the knob. Another mode of fastening on this or such a knob is illustrated by the knob m, which is driven into the ring m’, cast on or projecting from the floor of the plane-stock.

I claim as my invention —

1. In combination with the plane-body and plane-iron, the fastening-lever c, provided with the rocking end g, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. The fastening-lever c, provided with the screw l’, and combined with the knob l.

HENRY A. FOSS.

Witnesses:
JAMES WILEY,
O. T. HUNGERFORD.

No. 192,402 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Clinton L. Adancourt) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”280″]192402

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CLINTON L. ADANCOURT, OF LANSINGBURG, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 192,402, dated June 26, 1877; application filed December 15, 1876.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLINTON L. ADANCOURT, of the town of Lansingburg, Rensselaer county and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

The nature of my invention consists in forming a wood-plane in adjustable sections, which may be attached to its ends, so as to increase the length of its bearing-surface when required, to vary the uses to be performed by it, and thus make one plane answer a double use by lengthening the same.

It also consists in the manner of attaching and operating the cutting bit or knife to the plane, so that the same may be used to cnt a shaving of greater or less thickness.

My invention consists of these separate features as arranged and constructed, as well as the same combined.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows a vertical sectional view of a central section of a plane without the extension sections. Fig. 2 illustrates the same section in a top view looking down upon the plane, with the handle removed. Fig. 3 represents a vertical sectional view with the extension-sections added; and Fig. 4, a top view of the plane with extension-sections added.

Like letters designate like parts in all the figures.

The detachable handles of the plane are designated H’ H”, the cutting bit or knife B, and a hinged bank C, upon which the latter rests, and to which it is attached. The trunnions upon which the bank C is hinged to the side walls of the plane are shown at T; the cutting-edge of the bit at O; the shaving-discharge opening of the plane at S.

The cutting bit or knife is illustrated as attached to the hinged bank by means of a slotted opening in the knife, and a set-screw, as seen at I. Upon the under side of the hinged bank, and against it, so as to more it and the attached bit or knife upon the hinged apex of the former, there is shown an eccentric, e, with a handle, E. This latter is attached to the base of the plane by a screw, K. The extension-sections E’ E” are attached to the central section F by means of lapping and tenoned joints, and are secured and held in place by the set-screws S” S”, passing through the lapping and tenoned points of union, and attaching the handles of the plane.

The manner of operating the device thus formed is as follows: The cutting knife or bit B, as attached to the bank C hinged at T, is shown as in contact, upon its inner edge, with the eccentric e and its handle E, and when this handle is moved in the direction of the arrows, shown upon the eccentric at a”, the motion communicated to the bank in contact is such as to raise or depress the lower end of the bank and knife by moving the same in the direction of the arrows seen at a’ and a”. The shaving-cut will be in proportion to the dip of the bit, and this is arranged by the adjustable eccentric and handle, as it is moved around the fixed pin, the eccentric raising or depressing the cutting end of the knife.

The knife or bit, which is sharpened at both ends, may, if desired, have one end rounded, like the edge of a jack-plane knife, for coarse work, and the other with a straight cutting-edge, like a smoothing-plane, so that the knife may be reversed and used tor either kind of work, and, by the addition of the extension-section, what would serve for a jack-plane body may be changed into that of a jointer, and thus one tool maybe made to answer the purpose of several.

The body of the planes and the extension-sections may be made of either wood, iron, or other suitable material.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In combination, the center knife or bit section F of a plane, and the extension-section E’ E”, to increase the length and base bearing-lines of the plane, as shown and described.

2. In a bench-plane, the hinged bank C, reversible cutting bit or knife B, actuating-eccentric e, and handle E, arranged to operate as described and shown.

3. In a bench-plane, the extension-sections E’ and E”, the center or bit section F, the hinged bank C, cutting bit or knife B, the adjusting-eccentric e, and handle E, arranged to operate as herein described and shown.

Signed at Troy, New York, this 12th day of December, 1876.

C. L. ADANCOURT.

Witnesses:
CHAS. M. DAVIS,
THOS. F. MURNANK.

No. 179,494 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (John J. Tower) (1876)

[paiddownloads id=”264″]179494

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN J. TOWER, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 179,494, dated July 4, 1876; application filed May 29, 1876.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN J. TOWER, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Metal Plane-Handles, of which the following is a specification:

Metal planes have heretofore been constructed with handles of wood, and also with globular knobs at the forward end of the plane.

My improvement relates to a hollow cast-metal handle, secured to the plane by dove-tailed projections, so that the connection is very strong and durable, and at the same time the handle is very light, and of a size and shape to be grasped by the hand.

The handle is represented in the drawing by a vertical seetion, Figure 1, horizontal section, Fig. 2, and cross-section, Fig. 3.

The handle a is of cast metal, preferably of iron. It is made hollow, so as to be as light as possible and maintain the requisite strength. The general shape of this handle is similar to those made of wood, and hence it is as convenient in use. In order to strengthen the lower part of the handle, and prevent the same being bent by the attachment to the plate b of the plane, I introduce the cross-bar c, cast with the rest of the handle. Dovetails that taper slightly are employed for fastening the base of the handle to the plane-stock. These dovetails are made by lips inside the base of the handle, as seen at e. The dove-tail block f upon the plane-stock b is shorter than the base of the plane-handle a, and the dovetail portions e do not extend the whole distance along the inner edges of the handle, so that the handle a can be put over the dove-tail-block f by slipping it from the back forward, and keeping the back edge down, in order that the handle may receive the dove-tail-block, and the parts tapering, the handle may be secured firmly by driving it forward upon the dovetail block. By this construction it is not necessary to have any opening at the forward part of the base of the handle, as such base sets down flat upon the plane-stock, and makes a neat, handsome, and durable connection, the dovetail not being visible.

This hollow cast-iron plane-handle may be plated or otherwise finished, and as the handle extends to the upper surface of the bottom of the plane, the hand of the operator can be as near to the surface of the wood as possible, so that the power can be exerted to good advantage.

I do not claim a plane with a hollow knob or handle with dovetail projections for holding the plane-iron to the stock, as this has been used; neither do I claim a hollow metal plane-handle.

I claim as my invention —

The metallic plane-handle cast hollow, with a cross-bar, c, and dovetail lips e extending a part of the distance along the inner portion of the base, in combination with the dovetail block f upon the stock of the plane, substantially as set forth.

Signed by me this 22d day of May, A. D. 1876.

JOHN J. TOWER.

Witnesses:
GEO. T. PINCKNEY,
CHAS. H. SMITH.

No. 168,431 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Justus A. Traut And Henry Richards) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”255″]168431

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND HENRY RICHARDS, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONN.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 168,431, dated October 5, 1875; application filed June 15, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and HENRY RICHARDS, both of New Britain, county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and to enable others skilled in the art to make the same we will proceed to describe them, referring to the drawings, in which the same letters indicate like parts in each of the figures.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 is an end view taken from the front.

The object of the present invention is to produce a plane with a wrought-metal stock or shell of suitable shape and form to possess all the needed strength and stiffness at the points of greatest strain, and yet be neat and serviceable in all the details and particulars of its construction; and to this end it consists in swaging or stamping said stock or shell from a blank or sheet of wrought metal, properly cut so as to afford strong sides and stiff angles, and in combining therewith a suitable body or filling, all as will now be more fully and particularly set out and explained.

In the accompanying drawings the wrought-metal stock or shell is indicated by the letter a; the wooden portion or filling of the plane is marked by letter b. This metal stock or shell is made from or of a piece of wrought metal, which is first cut according to suitable pattern of proper shape and size.

When thus prepared the same is placed over a die, and forced or compressed into the desired shape by a drop-hammer or power-press, thereby easily producing the desired shapes with rigid corners or angles in the stock or shell.

It will be seen that we prepare this form that the metal on a line with the opening where the cutting-iron is inserted shall be sufficiently wide to make broad and strong sides, wide enough, when shaped as above described, to come nearly or quite to the top of the wood.

The filling of the plane may be fastened or secured thereto in any convenient or usual way. By giving this breadth of metal and this shape to the stock or shell in this manner, and attaching it to the filling as described, the parts may be firmly united, and all tendency of the metal to yield or spring is entirely obviated.

The process of manufacture is very easily carried out, and need not be described any more at length in order to be fully understood by persons skilled in this manufacture.

Hitherto planes have been made with a cast-metal stock or shell, and various shapes and forms of them have been so constructed; but, so far as we have any knowledge of the art, none of these show the particular features now considered novel.

Planes have also been made having iron or steel soles, with flange edges sufficiently high to afford space to fasten them to the wooden sides of the plane; but we do not claim any such.

Having thus described our invention, what we consider new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination of the wrought-metal stock or shell a, having two broad and strong sides, a a’, with a suitable filling, b, substantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
HENRY RICHARDS.

Witnesses:
R. R. BLISS,
JEREMY W. BLISS.