Tag: Variable Pitch

No. 842,453 – Plane (Edwin W. Foster) (1907)

[paiddownloads id=”639″]842453

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDWIN W. FOSTER, OF CENTRAL PARK, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK.

PLANE.

_________________

842,453. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jan. 29, 1907.
Application filed August 3, 1906. Serial No. 329,049.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN W. FOSTER, a citizen of the United States, residing in Central Park, Long Island, in the county of Nassau and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes for wood-working of various types, wherein a frame carries a cutting member known as the “plane-iron” having a cutting edge substantially rectilinear and which projects a short distance through an aperture in the frame member and at an angle thereto.

The object of the invention is to support the cutting member or plane-iron in the frame, whereby it can be secured in different positions, and thereby the cutting edge of the plane-iron can be brought to form different angles with the longitudinal axis of the frame.

Heretofore the cutting edge of the plane-iron has been set at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the cutting-iron-that is, is perpendicular to the sides of the frame when these sides are parallel surfaces.

In the present invention the plane-iron can be set with its cutting edge making different angles than a right angle with the longitudinal axis and, if desired, can form an angle of forty-five degrees.

A further object of the invention is to provide in such a plane an organization whereby the portion of the base surrounding the opening for the plane-iron is rotatable, yet always maintains its alinement with the bottom of the form, which member carries the plane-iron, and thereby varies the angle of the cutting edge with the longitudinal axis of the plane.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of the device embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, certain parts being shown in vertical section. Fig. 3 is a plan view with the cutting member removed. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the rotary supporting member. Fig. 5 is a section of the latter member, partly shown in elevation. Fig. 6 is a section through the standard for supporting the plane-iron, and Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the latter member.

The frame member 9 is shown as formed of metal and may be provided with the usual handle 10 at the rear and gripping-knob 11 at the front. The frame is provided with an opening in its bottom, and a cutting member is supported in the frame to be adjustably secured with the cutting edge projecting through the opening, whereby the plane-iron can be clamped with its cutting edge extending at different angles with the longitudinal axis of the frame member. This longitudinal axis is denoted by the broken line x x. In Fig. 3 the broken-line positions of the cutting edge indicate some of the adjustable positions in which the cutting member can be clamped. In these positions the cutting edge makes an angle with the line of the path of movement of the edge which is other than a right angle. This will have the effect of making a somewhat spiral shaving and is of great advantage where the grain of the wood does not follow the path of movement of the plane — that is, is not parallel with the longitudinal axis of the plane. By properly adjusting this angle the cutting edge of the plane can be caused to operate substantially perpendicular or at right angles to the oblique grain of the wood.

In the construction illustrated the frame is provided with a circular opening 12 in its bottom, and in this opening a supporting member 13 is rotatable. The wall of the opening 12 is provided with a shoulder portion 14, formed by having its bore enlarged at 15, and the rotary member 13, that is in the nature of a turn-table, has its periphery similarly shaped, providing a shoulder 16, resting on the shoulder 14, thereby preventing downward movement of the rotary member through the opening. In this position the bottom face 17 ofthe rotary member is preferably flush with the bottom of the frame member. The rotary member 13 is provided with a slot 18 for the reception of the plane-iron that extends across within a short distance of the periphery. At each end of the slot 18 the member may be reinforced by means of lugs or raised portions 19 and 20 for strengthening the member at such parts. The edges of the slot 18 is preferably beveled at the upper part for the reception of the plane-iron on one side and to facilitate the escaping of the shaving on the other side.

Any suitable means may be provided for securing a cutting member to the rotary member with its edge projecting through the slot 18. When the cutting member is located and secured to the rotary member, the latter can be oscillated in its bearing in the frame, which will bring the edge of the cutting-iron to form different angles with the longitudinal axis x x of the plane. In all such positions the cutting member will enter the work at exactly the same depth — that is, will have the same adjustment — so that this rotary adjustment or swinging of the cutting-iron will not effect its cut and will not require further adjustment of the cutting member.

In the construction shown the rotary supporting member 13 has a standard or carrier 21 secured thereto in any suitable manner, as by screws 22, and extends upward, being inclined rearwardly at the usual angle formed by the plane-iron. The plane-iron 23 with its cap member 24 and clamp 25 are carried by the supporting member 21 and may be locked thereto in adjustable positions by the clamp-lever 26 in the usual manner. A usual form of screw-and-lever adjustment is shown, in which a lever 27, projecting into the iron at 23, is adjusted by a screw 29, that will vary the depth of out of the plane-iron.

Suitable clamping means are provided whereby the rotary supporting member 13 may be securely held in any position of adjustment. In the construction shown a screw-bolt 30 is carried by the frame member and engaged by a nut member 31, having an arm 32, by which it is swung. A clamping-plate 33 is placed between the screw and the frame and overhangs the edge of the rotary member 13. By turning the nut the latter plate will tightly engage the member 13 and force the shoulder portions of the member and frame together, locking them in adjusted positions.

If desired, another clamping member may be provided at the front portion of the plane comprising a screw 34, tapped into a threaded aperture 35 in the frame, the screw being operated by a mill-head 36. A clamping-plate 37 is engaged by the screw and presses the top of the rotary member 13, clamping the shoulder portions of the rotary member and frame together. When it is desired to vary the angle of the cutting edge, the screw members of the clamps are turned upward, releasing the rotary member 13. This member, with the plane-iron, is then swung to the desired position, either perpendicular to the axis of the plane or at any desired angle therewith. Thereupon the screw members of the clamp are tightened and the plane-iron is securely locked in such adjusted position.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, the combination of a frame member having a circular opening in its bottom containing the annular shoulder, a supporting member rotatable in said opening and having an annular shoulder engaging said shoulder whereby the lower face of the member will be substantially flush with the sole of the frame, the supporting member having a slot therein, a plane-iron carried by the supporting member and projecting into said slot, a clamping-plate arranged to engage the top of the frame and the supporting member at the rear of the frame, and a swinging lever on the frame and arranged to press the clamping-plate against the said portions of the frame and support to lock the support in adjusted positions.

2. In a plane, the combination of a frame member having a circular opening in its bottom containing the annular shoulder, a supporting member rotatable in said opening and having an annular shoulder engaging said shoulder whereby the lower face of the member will be substantially flush with the sole of the frame, the supporting member having a slot therein, a plane-iron carried by the supporting member and projecting into said slot, a clamping-plate arranged to engage the top of the frame and the supporting member at the rear of the frame, a swinging lever on the frame and arranged to press the clamping-plate against the said portions of the frame and support to lock the support in adjusted positions, and a clamping member engaging the top of the frame and of the supporting member at the front of the frame.

EDWIN W. FOSTER.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM H. REID,
JOHN O. SEIFERT.

No. 315,014 – Bench-Plane (James Duncan) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”389″]315014

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES DUNCAN, OF COSHOCTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF,
WILLIAM W. BOSTWICK, AND FRANK C. HAY, ALL OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 315,014, dated April 7, 1885.
Application filed January 24, 1885. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES DUNCAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Coshocton, in the county of Coshocton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention has for its object to improve the bench plane and scraper for which Letters Patent were granted to myself and Wm. H. Talbot, November 24, 1874, and numbered 157,162; and it consists in the construction and arrangement of the several parts, as hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the plane-stock, showing the outer face of the removable cheek and an adjustment of of the bit. Fig. 2 shows the inner face of the removable cheek. Fig. 3 shows the adjustable frame which carries the bit and bit-clamping plate. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the plane-stock, having the cheek removed to show the inner face of the opposite or immovable cheek and the edge of the adjustable frame. Fig. 5 is the clamping-bolt, which passes through both cheeks and has its end threaded to fit the threaded opening in the immovable cheek. Fig. 6 shows-the outer face and an edge view of the bit-clamping plate. Fig. 7 is a vertical cross-section of the plane-stock on line x x, Fig. 4; and Fig. 8 is a detail view on an enlarged scale to show the joint between the movable cheek and the flange, the joint being exaggerated to show clearly the construction.

a is the plane-stock, composed of a-base-plate, a’, provided with suitable handles on its opposite ends, an im movable cheek, a2, and a movable cheek, a3. The plane-stock is so formed as to provide a flange, a4, set slightly in from the outer edge of the base-plate, and against which the lower edge of the movable cheek fits snugly. The flange and the movable cheek are jointed together, so as to bring the outer face of the cheek flush with the cuter edge of the base-plate, and the inner face thereof flush with the inner face of the flange. The plane-stock and the movable cheek are both so constructed and jointed by means of tenons and mortises that when brought together and a small retaining-screw, a5, inserted, as shown, the said cheek will be held in place. The joint between the movable cheek is so formed as to permit a slight movement — of the top of the cheek inward toward the plate d. This construction is shown in the enlarged detail view in Fig. 8. The cheek by this movement is more easily clamped against the plate d, and obviates the necessity of springing the cheek by the clamping-bolt. The slight beveling of the joining edges of the flange and cheek and the slight enlargement of the hole in the cheek through which the screw of passes permits a movement of the top of said cheek. of about one thirty-second part of an inch.

The plane-stock is provided with a transverse bit-opening or throat, a6, of common form, to permit the edge of the bit to project below the base-plate in all planes.

Guide-channels b b’ are formed in the inner faces of the cheeks. These channels are arcs of circles described on radii having their centers in the transverse throat a6, and have their ends arranged near the base-plate, as shown.
They extend on both sides of a vertical line, as x x, Fig. 4, drawn from the throat a6. This extension of the guides permits the shifting of the bit to either side of said line for purposes hereinafter explained.

c is the clamping-bolt, which passes through the cheek a3 and into a threaded opening in cheek a2, as shown.

d is the adjustable frame which carries the bit and the clamping-plate d’. The ends d2 d2 are curved to correspond with and are adapted to fit neatly into and slide easily in the guide-channels b b’. It is provided with a transverse bit-opening, d3, made wide enough to receive the bit and the clamping-plate d’. A bearing-plate, d4, is projected upward from the frame d, having its smooth face flush with the side of the opening d3, and arranged on a radial line having its center in the throat a6. This plate d4 is suitably braced on its back by a rib, d5. The bit e lies against the smooth face of the plate d4, and is held by a set-bolt, d6, threaded in the upper end of the clamping-plate d’, as shown.

The clamping-plate d’ has its face next the bit e made smooth, and on its back are provided a series of lugs, d7, so arranged that part of them will be on the upper side of and the others below the plate d. The clamping-plate is held from moving vertically by these lugs, and at the same time will have all the needed horizontal movement of its ends, whereby it is adjusted to the position of bit e. The adjustable frame is put in position in the bit-stock by removing the cheek a3 and placing the curved edges d2 in the guide-channels. The screw a5 holds the cheek a3 in place after the latter is put into position. The clamping-bolt c binds the jaws against the edges of the frame d, and holds the latter in any desired position.

In adjusting the plane the bit-plate d’ is first placed in the slot d3, and its lugs are properly engaged upon the frame. The bit is then inserted between the plates d’ and d4, and after being set properly is clamped in place by the set-bolt d6.

In this device the operation of setting the bit, whether for planing or scraping, is very much simplified. By slightly loosening the bolt c the frame d can be moved to give to the bit any desired set, inclined or vertical. By taking the bolt c out the frame d can be moved to throw the bit inclined toward the opposite end of the stock, as shown in dotted lines, when such a set is desired.

To convert the tool into a smoothing-plane, the bolt c is arranged below the plane of movement of the frame d, so that no interference ever occurs between these two parts.

The channels b b’ hold the frame d securely against vertical movement, but permit the free longitudinal movement for purposes of adjustment of the bit to the desired angle.

Instead of the clamping bolt c, a movable clamp may be employed having two jaws to slide down over the upper edges of the cheeks and be held in place by friction, or by a set-screw, or by any well-known means. Such a clamp is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 7. I do not prefer such a clamp, as it would be somewhat troublesome in use; but I do not limit myself to the clamping-bolt c as a means for clamping the cheeks against the bit carrying frame.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The improved planing implement hereinbefore described, having cheeks provided with guides made in the arc of a circle extended on opposite sides of a line vertical to the throat in the base-plate, a bit-carrying frame supported by the guides, and movable thereon to either side of the vertical line aforesaid, and a clamp, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In a bench plane or scraper, the improved bit-carrying frame composed of the main frame adjustable longitudinally in the stock and provided with a transverse slot or bit-opening and having a bearing-plate projected upward flush with the front side of the opening, a clamping-plate supported loosely in the bit-opening in and carried by the main frame, and having on its rear side lugs or retaining means, which engage on and hold it from vertical movement in the frame, and a clamping-bolt threaded in the upper end of the clamping-plate to clamp the bit against the fixed bearing-plate, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of the stock provided on one side with a flange, a4, and on its other side with the immovable cheek a2, having in its inner face a guide-channel formed on the are of a circle, a removable cheek, a3, having its lower edge loosely jointed with and secured to the flange a4, so that its top portion may be slightly inclined inward, and having in its inner face a guide-channel formed in the arc of a circle parallel with and corresponding to the guide-channel in the inner face of the immovable cheek, a sliding bit-carrying frame having curved end guides, d2, fitted into the guide-channel in the cheeks, and a stationary clamping-bolt passed through the cheeks midway the lower and upper edges thereof, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The bench plane and scraper hereinbefore described, composed of the base-plate, the two jaws, one of which is movable, having formed therein curved guide-channels having their ends approximately at the lower edges of the cheeks, a bit-carrying frame having its edges fitted into the guide-channels and adjustable longitudinally from one end to the other thereof, whereby it may be set to carry a plane-bit or a scraper-bit and a clamping device, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES DUNCAN.

Wtnesses:
J. S. ELLIOTT,
J. H. ASKREN.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 315,014

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 315,014, granted April 7, 1885, upon the application of James Duncan, of Coshocton, Ohio, for an improvement in “Bench-Planes,” the name of one of the assignees was inadvertently omitted; that said patent should have been issued to James Duncan, Jesse P. Forbes, William W. Bostwick, and Frank C. Hay; and that the proper correction has been made in the files and records of the case in the Patent Office, and should be read in the said Letters Patent to make it conform thereto.

Signed, countersigned, and sealed this 14th day of April, A. D. 1885.
[SEAL]

H. L. MULDROW,
Acting Secretary of the Interior.

Countersigned:
M. V. MONTGOMERY,
Commissioner of Patents.

No. 254,542 – Variable Bench-Plane (Amos Fales) (1882)

[paiddownloads id=”318″]254542

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

AMOS FALES, OF DENVER, COLORADO.

VARIABLE BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 254,542, dated March 7, 1882.
Application filed December 12, 1881. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AMOS FALES, of Denver, in the county of Arapahoe and State of Colorado, have invented an Improved Kit-Plane, or combination instrument for planing, tonguing and grooving, rabbeting, plowing, and forming beads and moldings of various forms and styles; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification —

Figure 1 being a view of the near or working side of the kit-plane; Fig. 2, a view of the opposite side of the same; Fig. 3, a top view thereof; Fig. 4, a cross-section thereof in a plane indicated by the line x x, Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a cross-section in a plane indicated by the line y y, Fig. 1; Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9, cross-sections of the stock, showing in place different forms of face-plates or molds attached to the stock; Fig. 10, a view of one of the bits or cutters used with the molds, representing two forms; Fig. 11, a view in perspective, showing an auxiliary stock or attachment, connected with the main stock by gage-bars, for various purposes; Figs. 12 and 13, respectively, opposite side views of the attachment or auxiliary stock; Figs. 14: and 15, partial sections, showing parts in detail.

Like letters designate corresponding parts in all of the figures.

My invention consists in a kit plane of simple but peculiar construction, by which are combined a stock adapted to receive any required kind of bit or cutter for producing various shapes of moldings and other outlines in wood-work, and attachable and detachable forms or molds of various shapes, to correspond with those of the cutters, for performing a great variety of work which ordinarily require many different planes or instruments.

The plane-stock A is of very simple and light construction. It may be made of metal — say of cast-iron — finished suitably, and accurate in shape, and it may have a wooden handle, B, attached to the stock by screws a a. This of course is at the rear end of the stock, and it has or may preferably have a wooden knob, C, near the front end, on top, for holding and guiding the instrument with the left hand.

On the working side of the stock, near the middle thereof, an oblique projecting ledge or bracket, D, is cast on or attached to the stock, on which ledge the various cutters used with the instrument rest when employed. Each cutter E is supported by this ledge, guided only at one edge, next to the stock, the opposite edge being free, so that various widths of cutters may be used with the stock.

Instead of a wedge working downward to fasten each cutter in the stock, I employ a wedge, G, working horizontally and entering a deep wedge-shaped notch or recess, b, in the stock, which is enlarged on the opposite side, as shown in Fig. 3, to compensate for the weakening produced by the said notch, and thereby to give uniform strength throughout the length of the stock. A horizontal screw-bolt, c, passes through the wedge G, or is otherwise made fast to it, and thence extends through and projects a little beyond the stock, on the opposite side thereof. On this screw-threaded end of the bolt a hand-nut, d, screws against the side of the stock, and thereby draws the wedge into its notch or socket, and tightens and holds the cutter fast on its ledge. Thus not only is each cutter always securely held and easily adjusted, but great facility is afforded for changing cutters.

The upper part, e, of the stock is made thick enough to give necessary strength and to suitably attach other parts directly connected therewith. The lower part, f is a thin blade or flange to which to attach the planing-molds, now to be described.

In connection with the various forms of cutters to be used in the stock, two face-plates or molds, H I, are used, one situated forward of and the other back of the cutter, substantially as shown in Fig. 1. Each pair of molds for each different form of cutter is of like form in cross-section to fit the form produced by the cutter between them and guide the plane and hold it in the proper course. Each one has a vertical flange, g, fitting against one side of the flange f of the plane-stock, and by this flange it is united to the stock with a screw, h, passing through both flanges, and a hand-nut, i, turning thereon, one screw and nut serving for each mold. For convenience in attaching and detaching the molds, the opening in the flange g to receive the screw is a notch, as shown in Fig. 1, so that the attachment and detachment can be effected without removing the nut simply by loosening and then retightening the same. To hold the molds thus attached in accurate position, there is a shoulder, j, from each under the lower edge of the stock-flange f as shown in the several cross-sections. The body or form it of each mold projects laterally from the flange in a general horizontal direction, but varied according to its form, as seen also in the several cross-sections showing different forms of molds.

Several of the more common forms of molds which may be used with this kit- plane are shown in the drawings. Thus Fig. 4 has the dado form or mold; Fig. 5, a fillister form, with adjustable gage l thereon; Fig. 6, a hollow form, for producing a convex molding; Fig. 7, a round or convex form, for producing a concave molding; Fig. 8, a bead-mold, and Fig. 9 a “snipe’s-bill” mold. All these and other molds to be used have corresponding forms of cutters at the cutting-edge thereof. Thus Fig. 10 shows a cutter having a form or cutting-edge at each end, that at one end corresponding and used with the hollow mold shown in Fig. 6, while that at the other end has a form corresponding and used with the convex mold shown in Fig. 7.

Ordinarily thus two forms of cutter may be united in one, if economy of expense and room occupied by the whole instrument is desired. These molds or face-plates may be made thin and light, since very little strain comes upon them, and they are very well and securely held on the stock. They are so simple in construction and easy of application that when any one wants any particular style of molding, bead, or other work for which he has no mold or cutter he can easily shape molds — say out of wood — a little thicker than the metallic forms, as shown, and make a cutter to correspond. In this manner, at little expense, one can supply himself with almost anything of the kind which he may desire.

Some of the cutters and molds used with this instrument require a gage-stop to limit the depth to which they shall go. Thus for the dado and fillister shown in Figs. 4 and 5 such a stop needs to be used, and I have shown in Fig. 5, as well as in Fig. 1, my construction and arrangement for this purpose. I employ a transverse bar, J, which extends through a mortise or notch, m, in the stock, and this, for convenience, is held in position by the knob C, which, screwing down on the stock, serves as a nut to hold the bar, which can thereby be adjusted longitudinally to any desired position. This bar carries the gage-stop K, the stem n of which passes up through a hole in the bar, and is held at any height to which it may be adjusted by a set-screw, o.

For some special purposes, where two cutters are required running parallel with each other, I employ a light auxiliary stock, L, as shown in Figs. 11, 12, and 13, the former figure showing the stock and the means of connecting it with the main stock, and the latter two figures showing opposite side views of the cutter-holder separate. This stock is of similar construction to the main stock, but it is not so heavy, and does not require a handle nor a holding-knob. It has a similar construction for holding and securing its cutters and similar molds, corresponding in form with the respective cutters; but the cutters and molds are placed on the other side of the stock, as compared with the main stock, so that the two stocks and their adjuncts are right and left to one another, the cutters and molds of both being inward and facing one another, as shown.

The two stocks are connected together by two bars, J M, the former fitting the mortise m in the main stock and taking the place of the gage-bar J, above described, being held in the main stock by the knob C; but it may be required to be longer than the said gage-bar for its purposes. It extends through a corresponding mortise or aperture in the auxiliary stock, and is held fast therein by a set-screw, p. The other bar, M, parallel with the former bar, passes through holes or mortises in the two stocks, and is held therein by set-screws q, that in the main stock not being represented in the drawings. The bar M may be round. By this construction the auxiliary stock may be adjusted to any desired distance from the main stock.

On the bar J a gage-stop, K, is used, similar to that on the bar J; but it is represented in Fig. 11 as constructed to slide on the bar. Its construction is shown in Fig. 14. It is secured in any position by a set-screw, o.

With a proper cutter in the holder O, together with a suitable cutter in the main stock, the two sides of a tongue for tonguing and grooving are formed. By adjusting the auxiliary stock farther from or nearer to the main stock a thicker or thinner tongue is made.

By making the cutter-holder O detachable from the auxiliary stock and attaching a dado or fillister form, P, (shown separate in Fig. 15,) to the back part of the auxiliary stock, a back fillister is produced to go with the main instrument. The cutter-holder O and fillister form P are attached to the auxiliary stock by bolts and thumb-screws s s, Fig. 11.

The above are instances which indicate also other and varied uses of which the entire instrument is capable.

This whole instrument, with all the parts herein described, by taking apart, can be packed in a box less than a foot in length, six inches in breadth, and four inches in depth, interior dimensions, and thus a complete set of such instruments becomes very portable and compact and of comparatively small cost. Instruments of the ordinary construction having all the various capabilities and uses herein specified, if made separately, would occupy many times as much space and be many times more expensive.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. A kit-plane constructed with a stock, A, as described, changeable cutter E, and separate changeable front and back form-plates, H I, the said form-plates being independently attached to the stock, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

2. The stock A, constructed with a ledge or bracket, D, projecting from one side thereof, and of sufficient width to support all the different widths of cutters used, with the laterally-acting wedge G to clamp the cutters on the ledge, and with the vertical flange f, to one side of which the front and back form-plates are attached, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

3. The separate form-plates or molds H I, each constructed with the horizontally-extended body or form k, the vertical flange g, for attaching to the stock-flange f and the ledge or shoulder j, for holding them accurately in line under the flange f, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

4. The combination, with the stock A, of the cross-bar J and gage-stop K, the former being horizontally adjustable in the stock and the latter mounted and vertically adjustable in the cross-bar, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

5. The auxiliary stock L and its removable cutter-holder O and mold-forms P, in combination with the main instrument, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

The foregoing specification signed by me this 22d day of August, 1881.

AMOS FALES.

Witnesses:
A. C. LEWIS,
J. P. LESHEN.

No. 227,452 – Bench-Plane (William Steers) (1880)

[paiddownloads id=”307″]227452

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM STEERS, OF SHERBBOOKE, QUEBEC, CANADA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 227,452, dated May 11, 1880.
Application filed February 2, 1880.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM STEERS, of the city of Sherbrooke, in the Province of Quebec, in the Dominion of Canada, have invented new and useful Improvements in Metallic Planes, which improvements are fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing.

The first part of my invention relates to the device by which the knife or “iron” is adjusted to various inclinations and secured in any position to suit the various degrees of hardness and grain of the different kinds of wood on which it may be used. The second part relates to the device by which the “cap ” or “back-iron” is adjusted to suit the required angle of the knife, and at the same time the back-iron serves in place of both holder and of back-iron or cap as ordinarily used; and, thirdly, to the device by which the knife is regulated to project from the face ofthe plane.

The figure in the drawing is a longitudinal sectional elevation.

A represents the metallic body of the plane. B is the knife or iron, in the back of which is a series of parallel horizontal grooves, M M, in one of which (that is determined by the extent to which the knife has been worn and ground away) works the pin E, which is secured to the nut D in a position somewhat eccentric, so as to impart, when the nut is rotated, such a movement to the knife B as will cause it to project or recede from the face of the plane.

The nut D works upon a screw, C, which is rigidly attached to the body of the plane A. The back-iron or cap F may be either entirely of steel, or may be made partly of steel fused or otherwise attached to a plate of cast-iron or other suitable material, and carries the thumb-screw G, for the purpose of locking the various parts in any required relative positions.

H is a metallic cylinder placed transversely to the body of the plane in such a position as will allow the upper face of the holder or cap F to bear evenly against it, and is provided at one end with a slot for the end of a screw-driver, and also at or near its middle with a projecting pin, K, which works in a slot, L, in the cap F, and causes the cap F to approach or recede from the cutting-edge of the knife, according to the rotation of the cylinder H.

The operation of this plane is as follows: Should the material to be planed be pine or other soft wood, the knife or iron should be placed in the position shown in the drawing; but if the material be birch or other hard wood the operator would first turn the thumb-screw G, causing its point to recede sufficiently from the knife or iron B so as to allow the nut D to be turned to raise the knife B to the position shown in dotted lines at N, or any other intermediate position which the grain of the material may require, the nut D being left at such a portion of a revolution as will have allowed the pin E, which works in the slot M, by its eccentric movement, to cause the knife B to project to a proper extent from the face of the plane. Each portion is then locked in its relative position by turning the thumb-screw G and bringing its point to bear upon the face of the knife B. Should the wood in either case be of such a grain or conformation as to require the edge of the back-iron or holder F to be nearer to or farther from the edge of the knife or iron B, the operator would, by the use of a screw-driver inserted in the slotted end of the cylinder H, partially rotate the said cylinder until the pin K, working in the slot L, caused the holder to assume the required position before locking by means ofthe thumb-screw G.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination of the revolving cylinder H, having a projecting pin, K, and a slot in its end for being operated by a screw-driver, the back-iron or cap F, having an orifice, L, the plane-iron B, having notches in the under side, the nut D, having an eccentric pin, E, screw C, and set-screw G, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a plane, the cylinder H, having in its end a slot for a screw-driver and on its under side a projecting pin, K, in combination with the back-iron of the plane, having a slot, L, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

WM. STEERS.

Witnesses:
LOUIS S. LA BILLE,
THOMAS W. SANNER.

No. 216,698 – Improvement In Planes (Henry B. Price) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”304″]216698

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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HENRY B. PRICE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 216,698, dated June 17, 1879; application filed April 28, 1879.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY B. PRICE, of the city of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

The invention relates, first, to the adjustment of the angle or pitch of the cutter according to the quality of the wood to be planed; and, second, to the adjustment of the mouth of the plane; and is applicable to all kinds of planes, but especially to bench-planes composed either entirely of metal or of metal and wood combined.

Heretofore the pitch of the cutter of every plane has been fixed and unchangeable, and carpenters and joiners have been compelled to keep on hand at least two kinds of planes — one in which the cutter is at common pitch, or forty-five degrees from the horizontal line, used for soft woods, and another for hard wood, in which the cutter is either at York pitch, middle pitch, or half-pitch, corresponding, respectively, to fifty, fifty-five, and sixty degrees from the horizontal line.

The object of my invention is to provide a device by which the angle or pitch of the cutter may be altered at pleasure, so that the same plane may be used for both soft and hard wood, and by which device the mouth of the plane can also be regulated.

This object I attain as follows, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 represents a sectional view of the invention as applied to an ordinary metallic plane.

The wedge D, of which a sectional view is given in Fig. 2, is divided off along its inclined plane on both sides into corresponding ratchets d d d d. Half-way through the center of this wedge runs a slot, f, marked on its edges with the notches e e e e, as shown in Fig. 2.

Through the slot f passes a tap-bolt or thumb-screw, s, which screws into the sole or seat of the plane, and when screwed down holds the wedge D fast to the sole of the plane.

The tap-bolt s is provided with a gage or clamp, h, (shown in Fig. 3,) which passes over the edges of the slot f and aids in holding the wedge D in position.

When the tap-bolt s is loosened the wedge D can be slid back and forth along the slot f.

The bed-plate C, upon which the cutter B rests, is held fast by the tap-bolts i, and in the ordinary metallic plane rests directly with its heel g on the sole of the plane.

To meet the object of my invention the heel g is shortened and works in the ratchets d d d d.

The operation of the device is as follows: To obtain a higher pitch, remove the clip A and the cutter B, loosen the tap-bolts i and s, slide the wedge D forward until the heel g works into a ratchet, which shall give the required incline or angle to the bed-plate C; then fasten the tap-bolts i and s, replace the cutter B and the clip A, and the object will be attained.

To lower the pitch, go through the same process, except that the wedge D is pushed backward instead of forward.

By means of the notches e e e e e along the edges of the slot f as shown in Fig. 2, the operator, while regulating the pitch of the cutter, can at the same time adjust the mouth of the plane, so as to obtain either a “close” or a “coarse” mouth as may be desired.

By fastening the clamp or gage h (see Fig. 3) just over a notch, e, a close mouth will be obtained when the cutter is raised to the corresponding ratchet d. Thus, if the cutter is raised to a pitch represented by the fourth ratchet, then by fastening the gage h just over the fourth notch a close mouth will be obtained. A coarse mouth is procured by fastening the gage h, between any two notches — thus in the case given between the third and the fourth; that is, by moving the gage toward the third notch, but not beyond the middle point between the two, a coarse month is obtained.

The wedge D may be made of metal, wood, or any other hard substance; and in place of the tap-bolt s a thumb-screw or spring-fastening can be substituted.

What I claim as my invention is —

l. The adjustable slotted wedge D, divided along its inclined plane on both sides into corresponding ratchets, and marked with graduated notches or marks along the edges of its slot, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a wedge divided along its inclined plane on both sides into corresponding ratchets, and provided with a notched slot running half-way through its center, with a tap-bolt or screw, which passes through the slot and fastens into the sole of a plane, and which, when loosened, allows the wedge to slide back and forth along the slot, but when fastened holds the wedge firmly in position, whereby the bed of the cutter of the plane is raised or lowered and the pitch of the cutter is changed accordingly, and by which the mouth of the plane is also regulated, substantially as described.

3. In combination with the wedge D, the tap-bolt or thunmb-screws and the gage h, Substantially as described.

HENRY BRISCO PRICE.

Witnesses:
EDWARD H. H. FORDER,
RICHD. B. LYTH.