No. 707,368 – Plane-Iron Cap (Justus A. Traut And Henry S. Walter) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”571″]707368

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND HENRY S. WALTER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE-IRON CAP.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,368, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed April 26, 1902. Serial No. 104,811. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and HENRY S. WALTER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Iron Caps, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

Our invention relates to improvements in planes, and particularly to plane-iron caps.

It consists, mainly, in the improvement of what is termed the “cap-iron” or “cap-piece” in that class of planes in which the plane-iron is clamped to a frog by means of a screw or cam. By this invention we are able to construct a plane-iron cap much cheaper than heretofore and more efficient and durable, as well as more adaptable to the uses to which it may be put.

In the drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of a plane embodying our invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of that part of the plane to which our invention relates. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on the center line of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a cross-section on the line X X of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

1 is a plane-stock.

2 is a plane-iron.

3 is a forward handle.

4 is a rear handle.

5 is what is commonly termed a “cap-screw, secured to a frog or support 6 for the plane-iron. The cap-iron 9 is so shaped and constructed as to be engaged at an intermediate point by the head of the screw 5 and at each end to bear upon the plane-iron or a plate, such as commonly associated therewith. In the drawings, Fig. 1, the cap is shown as engaging the forward or lower edge of the plane-iron and engaging the upper portion by means of a cam-pressed spring 7, 8 being the cam employed for clamping the parts. Thus far described the construction and operation of the parts are well known, and hence need not be described in detail.

In practice it is essential that the cap-iron shall be very strong and desirable that it be light in weight, and to that end I construct it, preferably, of wrought or sheet metal. The cap-iron includes a broad blade-like portion 91 and a narrower shank 10. The lower edge of the portion 91 engages with the plane-iron or a part thereof near the cutting edge, while the cam 8 is carried on the shank portion 10. The cap then is subjected to strains in a manner similar to a beam supported at the ends and loaded in the middle. For this reason in order to provide sufficient strength the edges of the shank 10 and a portion of the broader part 9 of the plane-iron are bent down at an angle to provide side bars or flanges 101 integral with the body portion of the plane-iron, and hence contributing to the plane-iron great rigidity and strength. Furthermore, the flanges provide a recess in which to receive the pivot-bearing 81 for the cam 8. In addition to this feature of construction, which contributes substantially to the strength of the cap-iron, we provide a corrugation 11, which preferably commences in the shank portion 10 of the cap-iron and extends downwardly toward the broader portion on opposite lines. In addition to these corrugations shorter corrugations 12 12 may be provided in the broader portion of the cap-iron, contributing vastly to the rigidity and strength of the device, which is preferably curved, as shown best in the side views numbered 1 and 3. The particular construction preserves the curved outline of the cap-iron and permits the employment of comparatively light wrought or sheet metal. The flanges 101 form a pocket in which to receive one end of the spring 7, which is preferably fixedly secured to the cap-iron, as well as a pocket for the bearing end of the cam 8 adjacent to the pivot or pin 81, upon which said cam turns. All of the ribs or corrugations extend generally in a longitudinal direction relatively to the cap-piece, and consequently give greater rigidity to it in a lengthwise direction than transversely.

It is advantageous to have the greater strength extend in longitudinal lines. Should the gage of the metal employed in shaping the cap-piece be so light as to permit any flexibility, it would be in a transverse direction at the lower edge only, and hence advantageous in permitting the lower edge of said cap-piece to yield and bear uniformly against the plane-iron or the plane-iron plate, which is usually employed therewith in planes of the class to which our invention is particularly applicable. In Fig. 4 it will be seen that the ribs are preferably hollowed on the under side, the said view showing the under side of said cap-piece uppermost.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, a cap-iron having flanges on opposite sides at its upper end, and ribs extending longitudinally of said iron.

2. A plane-iron cap for a plane having corrugations or ribs extending longitudinally thereof, substantially as described.

3. A plane-iron cap for a plane having corrugations or ribs 12 and 12 in the body and extending longitudinally thereof, as described.

4. A plane-iron cap for a plane having corrugations or ribs 11 extending up the shank and 12, 12 in the body extending longitudinally thereof, substantially as described.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 24th day of April, 1902.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
HENRY S. WALTER.

Witnesses:
W. J. WORUM,
EVERETT G. HOFFMAN.

No. 707,365 – Plane (Alix W. Stanley) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”570″]707365

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALIX W. STANLEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE
& LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,365, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed March 5, 1902. Serial No. 96,773. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALIX W. STANLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to planes.

The object of this invention is to provide a construction by which the support for the cutting-iron shall be such that the chattering of said iron in use is entirely prevented. In planes of this character the support for the cutting tool or iron is termed a “frog,” and the frog is commonly made in a piece separate from the body or stock of the plane. The reasons for this are several, among which is that an adjustability is permitted whereby the effective size of the opening or throat in the stock or base of the plane through which the cutting-iron works may be narrowed or widened, as desired, according to the character of the work. Another is that the frogs are provided with the adjusting device, and it is more convenient to equip said frogs with said adjusting devices when they are separate from the stocks than would be the case if they were integral with the same.

The accompanying drawings show the preferred form of the invention.

In said drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a plane embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the base or stock portion of the plane with the frog, cutting-iron, and the associated parts removed. Fig. 3 is a similar view of a modification. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a frog such as is adapted for use in connection with the stock shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a modified form of frog adapted for use in connection with the stock or frame shown in Fig. 3.

In the particular form shown, 1 is the floor or sole of the stock portion.

2 2 are side walls or flanges.

3 is a throat or slot in the bottom or floor 1 of the stock.

4 is a frog which is supported, preferably, on two seats or bearings. These seats may comprise an elevated chair 5 and a bearing 6 upon the floor 1. The bearing 6 is formed by thinning down the floor 1 directly to the rear of the throat 3. This thinning down may be effected in casting the stock, (for it is by the casting process that stocks are ordinarily made,) or it may be formed by machine-work after the casting is produced. The purpose of making the bearing 6 thin will hereinafter be explained.

7 7 are screw-passages in the frog, preferably elongated so as to permit the frog to be adjusted forward or back, thereby changing the position of the cutting edge of the plane-iron in the throat 3.

8 8 are clamp-screws (two are preferably used) by which the frog 4 is secured to the stock. The clamp-screws 8 are located between the elevated bearing 5 and the bearing 6 for the frog, so that when the screws are set down they will firmly clamp said frog against both of said bearings 5 and 6. In consequence of the fact that these bearings are spaced apart considerably when the parts are assembled it is impossible for the frog to chatter upon the stock. By loosening the screws 8 the frog may be moved backward or forward, as desired, to place the cutting edge of the plane-iron correctly relatively to the throat 3.

9 is the plane-iron, the lower edge of which is sharpened in the usual manner and is caused to project through the throat as desired. It is preferred that separate adjusting devices be provided to facilitate the longitudinal positioning of the plane-iron.

10 is a cap of the ordinary form carrying the cam 11, also of the ordinary form, and 12 is a cap-screw carried by the frog 4., which projects through a slot in the plane-iron 9 and engages the cap 10 in the usual manner, so that when the parts are assembled the plane-iron is clamped in proper position.

Manifestly the method of clamping the plane-iron to the frog may be varied as desired, since the particular device for accomplishing this end constitutes no part of this invention, excepting as it is obvious that the clamping means should take a long bearing upon the plane-iron to hold it in proper engagement throughout substantially the full bearing-surface of the frog 4.

Inasmuch as the frog is independent of the stock and inasmuch as the clamping effect of the screw 8 is considerable and inasmuch as the bottom 1 directly to the rear of the throat 3 is thin, the clamping effect of the screw 8 might tend to slightly bulge the said thin portion of the door, since this portion preferably affords one of the bearings for the frog. In order to prevent this bulging, I provide a supporting and stiffening rib 13, which in its preferred form is cast integral with the stock of the plane and preferably so as to extend from said thin portion to a heavier portion of the stock. Any desired number of these strengthening-ribs maybe provided. In Fig. 2 one of these ribs 13 is shown. In Fig. 3 two ribs 13 13 are provided; otherwise the construction is identical. I mention this, because it is obvious that the number of stiffening-ribs employed is immaterial. In order to permit the frog to take a proper bearing, I channel out the under side of the frog directly above the strengthening-ribs 13, so that the frog will not encounter the rib when the parts are assembled, but will take its proper bearing upon the seat 6. Manifestly this construction may be modified in a variety of ways.

In operation it is obvious that unless an efficient bearing is provided for the member or members which support the cutting-iron the passing of the plane over the material to be smoothed or cut might cause a vibration and a chattering of the parts. It is therefore desirable to have the forward bearing or point of contact which the plane-iron takes with the stock or parts associate therewith as close to the cutting edge as possible. Heretofore no special attention has been paid to thinning the metal of the stock directly to the rear of the throat. By thinning the metal at this point as I have done the frog supports the plane-iron almost down to its lower edge. In fact, when the best effect is produced the only unsupported portion is the beveled portion formed in shaping the edge. This will be seen in the section Fig. I. While this is of advantage generally, it is of particular advantage in that type of planes wherein the frog is adjustable longitudinally of the plane, so as to widen or narrow the throat, or rather that portion of the throat forward of the cutting edge of the plane-iron. By this invention in its preferred form a greater range of adjustability is rendered possible, since the frog may be moved to the rear of the throat to a considerable extent before the knife or cutting-iron will touch the metal of the stock. This is due to the fact that the metal of the stock may be made so thin at this point that the cutting-iron will not engage it, excepting at a point very close to its cutting edge. As a direct consequence the plane-iron may be adjusted forward or backward substantially the full width of the throat and still have an unimpaired and effective bearing directly upon the frog.

While I have shown and described a preferred form for the door of the stock to the rear of the throat, it is obvious that this may be modified in a variety of ways without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, which in this respect relates to the provision of a suitable strengthening means adapted to reinforce the door immediately to the rear of the throat, so that that portion may be made thin, while the portion farther to the rear is of sufficient thickness to be self-supporting.

What I claim is —

1. In a plane, the combination with the stock, a frog, a plurality of bearings on said stock for said frog, and a clamping device located between said bearings, a slot or throat in the bottom or door of said stock portion, the bottom or door of said stock portion to the rear of said throat being thinned out up to the edge thereof, and means for strengthening said thinned-out floor.

2. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a plurality of seats for a detachable frog of a throat extending transversely of the stock and in the bottom thereof, the door of said stock directly to the rear of said throat being of thin metal, and strengthening-ribs extending from the heavy part of said stock to said thinned-out portion, substantially as described.

3. A stock for a plane having a transverse slot therein forming a throat for the passage of the plane-iron, the door to the rear of said throat being thin, the stock to the rear of said thin portion of the door being heavy, and a rib extending from said heavy portion to said thin portion, and strengthening and supporting the latter.

4. In a plane, a stock, a transverse slot therein forming a throat for the passage of the plane-iron, the door to the rear of said throat being thin, the stock to the rear of said thin portion of the door being heavy, and a plurality of ribs extending from said heavy portion to said thin portion, and strengthening and supporting the latter.

5. A plane having a stock portion provided with a throat, a frog, said stock portion being provided with two bearings for said frog, a rib connecting said two bearings, said frog being correspondingly grooved.

6. A plane having a stock portion provided with a throat, a frog, said stock portion being provided with an upper and a lower bearing for said frog, a rib connecting said two bearings, said frog being correspondingly grooved.

7. A plane having a stock portion provided with a throat, a frog, said stock portion being provided with an upper and a lower bearing for said frog, a screw having a seat between said bearings for securing said frog to said stock, a rib connecting said two bearings, said frog being correspondingly grooved.

Signed at New York, N. Y., this 15th day of February, 1902.

ALIX W. STANLEY.

Witnesses:
ROBT. S. ALLYN,
L. VREELAND.

No. 707,356 – Plane-Lift (Charles E. Riecker And Henry S. Walter) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”569″]707356

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES E. RIECKER AND HENRY S. WALTER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE-LIFT.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,356, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed April 26, 1902. Serial No. 104,808. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES E. RIECKER and HENRY S. WALTER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Lifts, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

Our invention relates to planes, and particularly to improvements in carpenters’ or bench planes.

The purpose of the invention is to provide a simple and effective device to mechanically elevate or assist in lifting the plane on the return stroke, so that the cutting edge of the plane iron or knife will not become dulled by rubbing backward against the wood. The device, moreover, is so constructed as to be readily applied to a plane and to operate without chattering.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane embodying our invention when on the return stroke. Fig. 2 is a similar view, partly in section, showing the position of the parts on the forward or cutting stroke. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the front end of a plane as shown in Fig. 1, the front handle or knob being removed. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a device adapted to be attached to a plane for effecting the results herein desired.

The particular construction of the plane proper is immaterial and will not, therefore, be described in detail, since this invention is applicable to planes in general.

A represents the body or stock of a plane, and in the particular construction shown B is a front handle, and C a rear handle. The operator usually grasps both handles of the plane in using the same. On the forward stroke of the plane the cutting is edected by means of a plane iron or knife D, which projects through a throat or passage in the stock A and slightly below the sole thereof. On the rearward or return stroke, if the plane-iron bears against the wood the cutting edge is rubbed backward and rendered dull. To avoid this, I provide a mechanical elevator in the form of a spring-pressed nose E, which is preferably carried at one end of the stock A in such a manner as to normally project slightly below the sole of the stock, and thus lift the stock a sufficient distance to free the cutting edge of the plane-iron D from the wood on the return stroke. In the particular form shown in the drawings the lifting device or nose E is shaped to the forward end of the sole and is carried by blade-springs F F, secured to a washer-like carrier G, which surrounds the stem or post upon which the forward handle B is mounted. When the handle is screwed down into place, it clamps the carrier G firmly in the position indicated in the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2. The lower edge of the nose of the lifting device E is preferably rounded or suitably fashioned so as not to scratch or injure the woodwork with which it comes in contact and to insure a smooth and noiseless action. In use the operator presses down upon the front knob of the plane in such manner as to overcome the lifting tendency of the elevator E and so as to bring the knife D into proper contact with the wood. As the plane is advanced the knife cleaves the wood and cuts of a shaving of the desired thickness. Upon the return stroke the natural tendency of the user is to relieve the pressure upon the plane and, in fact, to apply a slight lifting tendency. As this lifting tendency is not usually sufficient to elevate the plane from the wood, so as to relieve the engagement of the knife therewith, it is supplemented by a mechanical appliance, herein described, to a sufficient extent to cause the sole of the plane to be elevated to the desired degree, thus prolonging the effective life of the cutting edge of the plane-iron. The method of attaching the elevating device E is preferentially shown; but it is manifest that it may be modified in a variety of ways. As shown, the elevating device takes a long bearing upon the wood substantially the full width of the sole, and hence prevents the tilting of the plane on its rearward movement and effectively elevates the entire cutting edge of the plane, so as to substantially relieve the pressure of the knife-edge against the woodwork upon the return stroke of the plane.

It is obvious that this invention may be applied to any plane of this general type without any alteration to the plane whatsoever. The plane-lift maybe manufactured and sold separately to be attached to any plane. The construction is such that chattering is prevented when the device is in use. This partially results from the fact that the nose is carried at the end of the plane-body, and its supporting or carrying blades F F project rearwardly, so that when the plane is drawn backward, at which time the pressure on the same is very slight, the friction occurs in a direction away from the point of support, so that the action is smooth and uninterrupted. When, on the other hand, the plane is pushed forward, the pressure on the handles is considerable, so that although the friction upon the nose does occur in the opposite direction the force applied is such as to prevent chattering.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, an elevating device projecting beyond the front end of the plane and means of connection between said elevating device and a portion of the plane, and means to normally cause said elevating device to project below the sole of the plane.

2. In a plane, an elevating device projecting beyond the end of the plane and means of connection between said elevating device and a portion of the plane, and a spring to normally cause said elevating device to project below the sole of the plane.

3. A plane having a front and a rear handle, an elevating device secured to the plane by the front handle said connection includiing a yielding spring-blade.

4. In a plane, a yielding elevating device comprising a nose mounted on the plane in front of the forward end thereof, and a spring for normally causing said elevating device to project below the sole of the plane, the operative edge of said elevating device being rounded.

5. An elevating device for a plane comprising a carrier, blades projecting forwardly therefrom and carrying a nose portion projecting downward therefrom, substantially as described.

6. An elevating device fora plane comprising a carrier portion G, a downwardly-projecting nose portion E, and means for connecting said carrier and said nose portion.

7. An elevating device for a plane comprising a downwardly-projecting nose portion, adapted to project beyond the end of a plane, a spring-blade attached thereto and means carried by said blade portion whereby said elevating device may be attached to a plane on top of its sole portion.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 24th day of April, 1902.

CHARLES E. RIECKER.
HENRY S. WALTER.

Witnesses:
ALBERT L. WIARD,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 707,281 – Grooving-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”568″]707281

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

GROOVING-PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,281, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed April 28, 1902. Serial No. 104,972. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Grooving-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes; and it consists substantially in the improvements hereinafter particularly described.

The invention has reference more especially to planes such as are employed for cutting or forming grooves in the surfaces of wood and other materials; and the principal object of the invention is to provide a plane of this character with means for effecting the cutting or formation in the surface of the work operated upon of grooves having sides or walls which are curved from end to end, and also to provide means for insuring the evenness of cut or formation of the angular edges of the grooves, as well as the bases and sides thereof.

A further object is to provide a grooving-plane of this special character with means for maintaining or preserving the true curviinear path of the cutting devices of the plane throughout the full extent of the grooves formed thereby, and also to provide means whereby the plane may be readily adapted to the cutting or formation of grooves having sides or walls of different or varying degrees of curvature.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a plane of this character which is exceedingly simple and easily handled in the performance of the work required of it, and also to provide means for meeting all requirements of use of the plane.

The above and additional objects are attained by means substantially such as are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a grooving-plane structure embodying the essential features of my improvements, the said plane being shown as applied for use in the cutting or formation of curved grooves in the surface of a block of wood or other piece of work operated upon; and Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the plane structure, showing an element of my improvements which is omitted from Fig. 1 for the purpose of clearness. Fig. 3 is an enlarged bottom plan view in detail of the cutting devices to more clearly indicate the organization thereof for effecting their respective functions. Fig. 4 is a view in perspective of a part of the gage of the plane, showing a modification thereof for enabling the formation in the work operated upon of grooves having sides or walls of less than a predetermined curvature from end to end.

Before proceeding with a more detailed description it may be stated that while I have herein provided an ordinary grooving-plane with special means for the cutting of grooves having sides or walls which are curved from end to end it will be understood that the adaptability or capacity of the plane for cutting grooves having straight sides or walls from end to end is not altered in the slightest respect. Hence the greater advantage of my improvements. With some kinds of planes for cutting or forming straight-sided grooves in the work operated upon it is usual to employ a suitable gage having a straight edge or face for moving upon or against a corresponding straight edge or face formed on the adjacent part of the work, the said gage serving to guide the cutting devices evenly and being adjustable, by which to vary the distance of the grooves from the edges of the work as well as from each other.

In constructing a grooving-plane according to my present improvements I may employ a well-known form of plane having at one side thereof an adjustable gage formed with a straight edge extending substantially parallel with the sides of the plane-stock, and to said straight edge I apply one or more specially-constructed lateral bearings for the plane structure, said bearings being designed to work upon or against one side or edge of the work in the formation of grooves having either straight or curved sides or walls. For the cutting or formation of straight-sided grooves the adjacent side or edge of the work is made straight, while for the cutting or formation of grooves having curved sides the adjacent side or edge of the work operated upon is constructed in correspondence with the desired degree of curvature of the sides of the grooves to be formed, and it may be stated that the plane structure is equally operative whether the lateral bearings referred to are applied to a concave surface or to a convex surface. In either case the plane structure is constantly deflected to one side in a manner to cause the cutting edge of the bit or plane-iron to follow the desired curvilinear path, and it may be stated that such constant deflection causes the effective edge of the said bit or plane-iron to operate upon the work with a glancing or shearing cut, which is much more effective in removing the necessary quantities of material for the production of the grooves. It may also be stated that in order to insure the evenness of cut of the angular edges of the curved grooves I provide suitable scorers or cutting devices in advance of and slightly beyond the ends of the cutting edge of the plane-iron or bit, said devices operating in a manner and for the purpose hereinafter more fully understood.

Specific reference being had to the accompanying drawings, A represents a grooving-plane embodying my improvements, the same comprising a stock a, having a suitable grip or handle b and provided with the usual bit or plane-iron c, the effective or cutting edge of which is indicated at d. Attached or secured to one side of said stock a is a bracket B, which is provided at points in advance and to the rear of the said cutting edge d with bearings e e, which receive the inner end portions of parallel bars or rods f f, on which are slidably fitted the sleeve portions g g of a guide or gage C, said gage being of ordinary form and constructed with a straight edge or surface h adjacent the said plane-stock a, said sleeve portions being each provided with a set-screw i, working in the side thereof, the said screws being forthe purpose of tightening the gage in diiferent positions of adjustment on said bars or rods f f. To the said straight edge or surface of the said gage I detachably secure one or more lateral bearings or blocks D, having curved faces m, which are designed to bear upon a curved side or edge l of the work operated upon in the application of the plane structure to cut or form curved grooves in the surface of such work, substantially as is indicated at Fig. 1. The said bearings or blocks D may be constructed of wood, metal, or othersuitable material, as is apparent, and they may also be attached or secured to the gage in any suitable manner, screws o o being employed for that purpose in the present instance. Preferably I employ one of such bearings or blocks D at a point to one side of and in advance of the cutting edge d of the bit or plane-iron c and another at a point to the rear of such edge, and thus I may effectually operate the plane structure in the cutting or formation of grooves having either straight or curved sides or walls. It may be stated also that by continuing the curved side or edge l of the work in the formation of a complete circle the plane structure may be operated to cut or form circular grooves in the surface of such work, as is apparent, and it will be understood that by reversing the said plane structure and applying the curved bearings or blocks D to the opposite concave side or edge p of the work similar curved grooves may also be formed in the surface of the work in a like manner. In the use of this described embodiment of my invention for forming curved grooves from end to end of a piece of work, however, the foremost one of the said curved blocks or bearings D of the gage leaves the foremost end of the work before the cutting edge of the bit or plane-iron c has been carried forward far enough to complete the groove, and in the absence of the bearing afforded by said block against the work the entire plane structure is apt to twist or turn to one side or the other from the moving force applied thereto, and thus divert the cutting edge of the plane-iron from the true curvilinear path it is intended to follow. To obviate any such tendency, however, I prefer in most instances to employ substantially a similar block or bearing D2 intermediate the other two and at the same side of the plane-stock substantially coincident with the cutting edge d of the plane-iron, or slightly in advance thereof, and thus it will be seen that the true curvilinear path of the said cutting edge of the plane-iron is always maintained throughout the full extent of the grooves formed thereby. The said intermediate hearing or block D2 may not be constructed the same as the bearings or curved blocks D D; but preferably I construct the same in the present instance of a simple screw r, having a curved or rounded head S to bear against the curved side or edge of the work, said screw being adjustably inserted in a threaded opening therefor extending through the connecting member f2 between said blocks D D and the guide or gage C, as shown. On the outer end of said screw is a suitable jam-nut u for securing the same to the positions to which it may be adjusted. It will be understood that in some instances I may employ the said intermediate bearing D2 alone and dispense vrith the outer bearings or blocks D D for certain kinds of work — as, for instance, when cutting or forming curved grooves of exceedingly limited extent or dimensions from end to end. In most cases, however, I prefer the use or employment of said outer bearings or blocks on account of the stability afforded thereby in the operation of the plane structure, including, as the latter does, the gage and its appurtenances. I may also add that while I have herein illustrated my improvements as applied to a certain form of grooving plane and gage I am not limited to the use of these particular embodiments in the practice of my invention, as is apparent.

In virtue of the curved formation of the surfaces of the bearings or blocks D D when the plane structure is applied in a manner to have such blocks cobperate with the concaved side or edge of the work operated upon the whole plane structure is deflected inwardly in such manner as to keep the cutting edge of the plane-iron in the desired curvilinear path, all as hereinbefore mentioned, and it may also be said that substantially the same effect is had when the said bearings or blocks D D are applied to the convex side or edge of the work.

It should be explained at this point that if the cutting edge of the plane-iron should be made as wide as the predetermined width of groove to be formed in the work, then as a result of the deflection of the plane structure already explained the said cutting edge would tend to ride over the edges of the grooves, and thus mutilate said edges or destroy the angular symmetry thereof. To guard against any such destructive tendency, I construct the cutting edge of the plane-iron a little less in width than the intended width of the groove and I locate in advance of said cutting edge what I term “scoring” devices 2 2, which are arranged slightly to one side of or beyond the ends of the cutting edge d or at a distance apart substantially equal to the width of the groove to be formed. In this way the said scoring devices form parallel grooves in the work in advance of the main groove formed by the said cutting edge d, and thus is the latter enabled to properly conform to the predetermined curvilinear path therefor without in any manner injuring the edges of the grooves. As the plane structure is operated over the surface of the work, the bed of material remaining between the narrow parallel grooves formed by said scoring devices is successfully removed in an even manner by the slight shearing effect given to the cutting edge of the said plane-iron, as already mentioned.

I am not limited to the specific construction or organization of elements herein illustrated and described, and it is evident that it is immaterial at which side of the plane-stock the adjustable gage and its appurtenances are supported. It should be added as another reason therefor that the cutting edge d of the bit or plane-iron c is made less in length than the predetermined width of the curved groove to be formed in the work to enable the same to partake of the deflection of the plane structure without upturning or tearing away the edges of the groove, and it is also added that the scoring devices 2 2 in advance of said cutting edge d are each held to one side of the plane-stock by means of a screw 6, so as to enable said devices to be detached at any time for sharpening purposes or to be replaced by others.

In order to enable the cutting or formation of short curved grooves to be edected by the use of my improvements, more especially when the lateral bearing-blocks are made to ride a concaved or inner curved side or surface of the work operated upon, I make said bearing-blocks adjustable to be moved toward each other and secured in position, and while any suitable means may be employed for this purpose I have herein indicated a simple construction therefor at Fig. 4. Thus in said Fig. 4 I construct the straight portion or surface h2 of the gage C with two oblong openings or slots 8 8, passing through which are tightening or fastening screws 9 9, which enter the lateral bearings or blocks D3 D3. It is evident that by loosening said screws they and the said bearings or blocks may be adjusted along said straight portion or surface h2, after which the screws may be again tightened to secure the blocks in place.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, and means supported substantially in line with the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, said means consisting of a screw having a curved head.

2. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, and means on the gage substantially in line with the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, said means including a screw working in an opening in the gage and having a curved head.

3. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, means lateral to the stock both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported substantially in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work.

4. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with the said cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work.

5. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, means lateral to the stock both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, said means each being adjustable toward the other.

6. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with the cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, said means each being adjustable toward the other.

7. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, said gage being adjustable toward and from the stock.

8. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, said gage being adjustable toward and from the stock, and said means each being adjustable toward the other.

9. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, means lateral to the stock both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, a screw supported substantially in line with the cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, and scoring devices located beyond the ends and in advance of the said cutting edge.

10. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with the cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, and scoring devices located beyond the ends and in advance of the said cutting edge.

11. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, a block on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit and having acurved surface for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage intermediate of said blocks and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work.

12. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage lateral to the stock, a block on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit and having a curved surface for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage intermediate of said blocks and having a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, said blocks being adjustable toward each other longitudinally of the gage, and said screw being adjustable toward and from the stock.

13. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage parallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect the structure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause said cutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface, and similar means substantially in line with said cutting edge, said gage being adjustable toward and from the stock, and each of the means specified being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateral bearing or block having a curved surface.

14. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage parallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect the structure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause said cutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface, and a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also for engaging the curved surface of the work, said gage being adjustable toward and away from the stock, and said means each being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateral bearing or block having a curved surface.

15. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage parallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect the structure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause said cutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface, sirnilar means substantially in line with said cutting edge, and scoring devices located beyond the ends and in advance of the cutting edge, said gage being adjustable toward and from the stock, and each of the means specified being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateral bearing having a curved surface.

16. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gage parallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect the structure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause said cutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface, a screw supported by the gage substantially in line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also for engaging the curved surface of the work, and scoring devices located beyond the ends and in advance of the cutting edge, said gage being adjustable toward and from the stock, and said means each being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateral bearing or block having a curved surface.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
EBEN STRONG,
FRANK S. TRAUT.

No. 707,085 – Recessing Or Grooving Plane (Fred Clayton) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”567″]707085

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRED CLAYTON, OF PUDSEY, ENGLAND.

RECESSING OR GROOVING PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,085, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed April 1, 1902. Serial No. 100,915. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRED CLAYTON, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Pudsey, near Leeds, in the county of York, England, have invented a new and useful Recessing or Grooving Plane, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improved recessing or grooving plane in which various tools are interchangeable in various positions in the plane according to the nature and situation of the work required to be done, such plane being applicable for planing the bottom and sides of grooves in woodwork — such, for instance, as grooves in hoist-slides, grooves in collapsible boxes, shelf-grooves in cupboard sides, step-grooves in staircase sides, grooves in the sides of core-boxes for the ends to fit into, and grooves in patterns in to which lifting-irons, fillets, or ribs are recessed. It is applicable also for planing out the bottom of panels and all other depressions or recesses below the general surface of the wood-work.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan, Fig. 2 an end view, and Fig. 3 a side view, of my improved plane, showing a right-hand side tool in position for use. Fig. 4 is a plan of regulating or adjusting slide for right-hand side tool. Fig. 5 is a plan and Fig. 6 a side view of regulating or adjusting slide for left-hand side tool. Fig. 7 is a plan and Fig. 8 a side view of bottom tool. Fig. 9 is a plan and Fig. 10 an end view of loose collar and screw by which the various tools are secured in position. Fig. 11 is an end view, and Fig. 12 a side view, of right-hand side tool. Fig. 13 is a side view, and Fig. 14 an end view, of left-hand side tool.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

My improved plane consists of a frame or body B, preferably having two handles C C and fitted with five vertical tool-posts A’ A2 A3 A4 A5 in suitable positions on the said frame or body B. A right-hand side tool D, Figs. 1, 11, and 12, a left-hand side tool E, Figs. 13 and 14, and a bottom tool F, Figs. 7 and 8, are provided, the side tools D and E being fitted in the posts A’ and A2, respectively, and the bottom tool F being interchangeable in the tool-posts A3 A4 A5. The tools are held in position in the desired post so as to be adjustable vertically therein by means of a loose collar G, having thumb-screw H.

A right-hand slide K for use with the side tool D may be fitted beneath the frame or body B of the plane, this slide being secured and adjusted by means of pin M and screw N, working within a pair of parallel oblique slots P P in the frame or body B. The cutting-tool D when in position passes through a side opening R in the said slide K, the amount of cut being regulated by tapping the slide at the ends. A similar left-hand slide L is provided for use with the side tool E, this slide having side opening R’ and being similarly secured by pin M’ and screw N’, working within a second pair of parallel oblique slots P’ P’. These slides K L are removed when not required by slackening the irrespective screws N N’ and, withdrawing the pins M M’ and screws N N ’ from their respective slots, a suitable opening S in the frame being provided to allow for the insertion and withdrawal of the screw-heads. By this means the plane can he adapted to a large variety of work, the required tool being fixed in the post best suited to the purpose. Thus for planing the sides of grooves or recesses the tools D and E would be employed, fixed in the post A’, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and in the post A2, respectively. For general purposes of planing out the bottom of grooves the tool F would be fixed on the inside of the post A3. For work in which the tool is required to go in advance of the plane the tool would be fixed on the outside of the post A3. Where the work operated upon is short and the recess deep the tool would be fixed in the post A4, so as to obtain bearing-surface both in front of and behind the tool. For work in which the tool is required to follow the plane — as, for instance, in half-lapping-the tool would be fixed in the post A5.

T represents holes for screws for attaching a curved piece of wood to the bottom of the plane-body when desired.

What I claim is —

1. The combination, with a plane-body provided with a series of separate tool-posts arranged in different planes, of a clamp for securing tools to the said posts, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a plane-body provided with separate tool-posts arranged in different planes and having also oblique slots, of an adjustable slide provided with fastening devices which engage with the said slots, and a clamp for securing tools to the said posts, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with a plane-body provided with separate tool-posts arranged in different planes and having also two pairs of oblique slots for right and left hand side tools provided with fastening devices which engage with the said slots, and a clamp for securing the tools to the said posts, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRED CLAYTON.

Witnesses:
ALLAN BENNETT,
LEWIS DEXTER.

No. 706,704 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”566″]706704

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 703,704, dated August 12, 1902.
Application filed May 20, 1901. Serial No. 60,992. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in planes, and more particularly to that style of plane known as a “dado-plane,” and has for its object to provide adjustable means for limiting the depth to which the cutting of the plane may proceed.

A further object is to provide a plane of this character with a supplemental sole cooperative with the sole and which is easily and quickly adjustable and which can be securely maintained in its adjusted position.

A further object of my invention is to provide adjusting means which will also cooperate with the securing means for the purpose of maintaining the sole in its adjusted position.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specincation is shown my invention applied to a form of dado-plane, which may be the preferred form, if desired.

Figure 1 is an elevation of a plane having my invention applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the forward end of the plane, showing the same on a somewhat larger scale. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on the line 3 3, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a form of adjusting-screw, and Fig. 5 is a form of supplemental sole or guide.

Like characters of reference designate the same parts in the various figures, wherein a plane-stock is represented generally by 6, having a sole 7, through which works a suitable plane-iron 8 and in connection with which are adjustable guide-knives 9 9. To the plane-stock is iitted a supplemental sole 10, having a projecting slotted arm 11, ways or guides 12 and 13, and a tapped boss 14. The supplemental sole is adapted to be secured to the plane-stock, generally at one side of the stock and forward of the mouth, by means of a set-screw 15 traversing the slotted arm and tapped hole in the plane-stock. The way 13 is shown as being of greater projection than the way 12, and it is adapted to enter and slide in a groove or guide 16 in the plane-stock; to prevent lateral movement or oscillation of the supplemental sole, the other way 12 being adapted to slide upon a face provided for it on the side wall of the plane-stock. The way 13 is shown in the drawings as having square corners and a fiat face, although any other or convenient form of way may be employed. The plane-stock is provided with a tapped boss located above the tapped boss in the supplemental sole. These bosses are adapted to be traversed by an adjusting-screw 17, preferably made with right and left threads of differential pitch. This screw is adapted for raising and lowering the supplemental sole, and it cooperates with the set-screw for maintaining the supplemental sole in its adjusted position.

It will be readily seen that by loosening the set-screw the supplemental sole may be raised and lowered at will by means of the screw 17. If the adjusting-screw is made with the portion traversing the boss in the stock of a greater number of threads to the inch than the part of the screw which traverses the boss in the supplemental sole, the head of the adjusting-screw will not have to be raised as great a distance as if both screw-threads were provided with the same number of threads, and hence I preferably employ such an embodiment herein. With such an organization increased range of adjustments of the supplemental sole may be affected by a very slight turn imparted to said screw. It will be observed that the said right and left hand differential adjusting-screw 17 is also of different diameters in its length, the portion thereof having the least number of threads being less in thickness or diameter than the portion having the greatest number of threads thereon, such construction permitting the insertion or passage of the said adjusting-screw through the tapped opening in the boss of the stock, it being evident that if the screw was of the same diameter throughout it could not be passed through such opening on account of its differential character and the right and left hand directions of its threads, the said tapped opening in the boss referred to being only adapted to receive that portion of the screw of the greatest diameter and greatest number of threads per inch ratio.

By the organization of the parts that is contemplated in my invention a screw of the general construction described, after adjustment of the supplemental sole, will not be readily jarred out of place, and it will cooperate with the ways and the set-screws for maintaining the parts in their adjusted position, so that although the supplemental sole has but one adjusting device and but one retaining device per se it has two maintaining devices aside from the ways, rendering all pivotal action impossible, so that the greatest accuracy of adjustment is possible with this plane, which in fine work it is essential should be had. Otherwise the tool would not do neat and accurate work.

It will thus be seen that the differential thumb-screw 17 may be assembled by passing its small-diameter coarsely-threaded tip end through the large hole in the stock and then engaging said tip with the small threaded hole in the lug 14 upon the supplemental sole and also engaging the finely-threaded large-diameter upper end of the screw with the hole in the stock. Then the transverse clamping-screw 15 is inserted through the vertical slot in the supplemental sole, the shank of said clamping-screw thereupon serving to limit the vertical adjustment of the supplemental sole, so that the thumb-screw 17 cannot be withdrawn from the latter, this being a desideratum, since it is required in this class of tools that when once assembled for use no operation such as is necessary for its adjustment shall be capable of taking the tool apart. In practice the upper end of the screw 17 is provided with right-hand thread and the lower end with left-hand thread, as illustrated.

It will be observed that I avoid slotting or forking, and hence weakening the stock, as is usual where adjusting-screws are used having double collars, and I also avoid the expense of applying a collar to a screw after the insertion thereof in the stock, as well as the consequent additional complexity of construction and looseness of parts, such small pieces becoming loosened quickly and seriously impairing the usefulness of the plane, rendering the same of a ramshackle character. By my invention an ease and accuracy of adjustment are secured which are not found in planes having ordinary screws and collars and other loose parts. The integrality of construction of the screw and the absence of small accessories thereto gives firmness of feeling to the action of the slide, so that the workman can tell exactly what he is doing. All this is accomplished without a single piece of any kind being added to the mechanism, thus securing a minimum of both weight and expense. The adjustment is reduced absolutely to the fewest elements. No smaller number of elements can be employed, and, moreover, no greater advantages can be obtained from the use of a greater number of parts. Thus is satisfied the imperative requirements in this art — of lightness, rigidity, simplicity, inexpensiveness, durability, and delicacy of action.

Although I have shown a set-screw and a right and left differential screw, yet any other or convenient mechanical devices which in practice may be found desirable may be employed without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole, a threaded hole in the stock, a differently-threaded hole of different diameter in the sole, and a single thumb-screw having correspondingly-threaded shanks of large and small diameters working in both of said holes.

2. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole, a hole in said stock, a hole in said supplemental sole, one of said holes being of larger diameter than the other and one of said holes having a right-hand thread and the other having a left-hand thread, and a screw having shanks of corresponding sizes and threads and working in both of said holes.

3. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole, a hole in said stock having a right-hand thread, a hole of smaller diameter in said supplemental sole, and having a left-hand thread, and a screw having shanks of corresponding sizes and threads and working in said holes.

4. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole, a hole in said stock having a right-hand thread, a hole of smaller diameter in said supplemental sole and havinga left-hand thread of coarser pitch, and a screw having portions of corresponding sizes and threads and working in said holes.

5. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole; a threaded hole in the stock; a differently-threaded hole of smaller diameter in the sole; a single thumb-screw having differently-threaded shanks of large and small diameters working in said holes; and means for limiting the movement of said supplemental sole so as to prevent the withdrawal of said screw from said sole.

6. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole; a hole in said stock; a hole in said supplemental sole; one of said holes being of larger diameter than the other, and one of said holes having a right-hand thread and the other having a left-hand thread; a screw having portions of corresponding sizes and threads and working in both of said holes, and detachable means for clamping said supplemental sole to the stock; said clamping means including a part which limits the movement of said supplemental sole so as to prevent the withdrawal of said screw therefrom.

7. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a sole, of a supplemental sole; a hole in said stock having a right-hand thread 5 a hole of smaller diameter in said supplemental sole having a left-hand thread; a screw having portions of corresponding sizes and threads and working in said holes; a slot in said supplemental sole, and a transverse clamping-screw passing through said slot and engaging said stock; the play of said slotted sole upon the shank of said clamping-screw being insufficient to permit the withdrawal of said adjusting-screw from the supplemental sole.

8. In a plane, the combination of a stock, a supplemental sole, and a screw having near its head a finely-threaded shank portion which is threaded into a hole in said stock, and also having at its tip a coarsely-threaded shank portion of smaller diameter which is threaded into a hole in the supplemental sole.

9. In a plane, the combination with a stock and a supplemental sole adjustable up and down thereon, of an up-and-down thumb-screw having at its upper end a threaded portion of fine pitch which works in a corresponding hole formed in the upper portion of the stock, and also having at its lower end a coarsely-threaded portion of smaller diameter which works in a corresponding hole in the supplemental sole.

10. In a plane, the combination with a stock; and a supplemental sole adjustable up and down thereon, of an up-and-down thumb-screw having at its upper end a right-hand-threaded portion of line pitch which works in a corresponding hole in the stock, and also having at its lower end a left-hand-threaded portion of smaller diameter and of coarse pitch which works in a corresponding hole in the supplemental sole.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. C. HINE,
F. L. TRAUT.

No. 706,576 – Plane (Axel L. Lundgren) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”565″]706576

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

AXEL L. LUNDGREN, OF PULLMAN, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF
ONE-HALF TO HARRY W. WOLFE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 706,576, dated August 12, 1902.
Application filed January 4, 1902. Serial No. 88,462. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AXEL L. LUNDGREN, a citizen of the United States, residing in Pullman, Cook county, Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to construct a plane which will be strong and compact in structure, neat in appearance, and easy of adjustment, and the parts of which will, moreover, be firmly and rigidly held in their adjusted positions; and the invention more particularly relates to the means by which this adjustment is accomplished and maintained and to the improvement of the construction and operation of the plane as a whole.

The invention further consists in the features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings illustrating the invention, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the plane of this invention; Fig. 2, a side elevation showing one of the sides of the stock or frame cut away, exposing the adjusting mechanism within; Fig. 3, a top or plan view with the cap or cover removed, and Fig. 4 a top or plan view with the wedge and bit removed from the stock or frame.

The plane of this invention is made with a stock: or frame A, which may be of metal or other suitable material having side walls a, a front end wall a’, a rear end wall a2, beveled at its upper corner, and a bottom or sole a3 for contact with the wood to be planed, and an escape-opening A’ in the side walls and a mouth a4 in the sole to allow for the projection of the bit therethrough and the escape of shavings from within the stock. Between the side walls and abutting against the interior of the rear end wall and the bottom or sole is a bed B, having an inclined upper face and made of wood or other suitable filling material provided with a forward recess b in its upper edge and a rear recess b’ in its rear edge, leaving a lug or bearing b2 between the two recesses, and into the forward end face of the recess b extends a bearing-hole b3, (Shown in dotted lines.) The bed may be held in position within the stock by a screw b4 or other suitable means.

An adjusting-screw C, extending diagonally through the beveled corner of the rear wall, through the lug or bearing b2 of the bed B, and into the bearing-hole b3, is provided at its free end with an adjusting thumb-nut c, bearing against the exterior wall of the stock or frame, and with a ring or collar c’ within the stock or frame, which allows the adjusting-screw to revolve and prevents its withdrawal or displacement. Carried upon the adjusting-screw and lying within the forward recess is a traveling nut D, having on its upper face a pin or pivot d, projecting into a hole e in a bit E, the cutting edge of which bit projects through the mouth in the sole or bottom and the body of which rests upon the inclined upper face of the bed B, thereby affording a means for adjusting the bit by imparting movement to the traveling nut.

The bit is provided with an outwardly-flaring cutting-head e’, and its radius of adjustment may be further increased by increasing the number of holes c, as shown in dotted lines. A clamping lever-block F, having in its upper face a longitudinally-extending slot f and a depression f’, leaving a contact-shoulder f2, and also provided with a bearing-plate f3, attached to its face, affords a means for holding the bit firmly in its adjusted position. A lever G, working within the slot, is provided with a cam-head g, through which extends a pivot-pin g’, carried by ears g2, formed in the bearing-plate and bent or turned to hold the pin firmly in place. A flat spring H, flxedly attached to the under face of the bearing-plate h3 at the point h, has its free end in contact with the lug of the bed and is pressed down against the lug under tension by the cam-head G of the lever when down, thereby holding the bearing-plate of the clamping lever-block in rigid contact with the bit, and a bearing-screw I is screw-threaded into an abutment i between the side walls of the stock or frame. The abutment is adapted to contact with the shoulder f2 in the upper face of the clamping lever-block to prevent the clamping lever-block from being carried forward beyond its proper point of adjustment while the bearing-screw serves to regulate the degree of pressure exerted by the bearing-plate of the clamping lever-block against the upper surface of the bit.

A filling-block J, held in place by a screw j or other suitable means, serves to add rigidity to the forward end of the stock or frame and to prevent the same from being clogged or filled up with shavings or other refuse, and a cap K, adapted to enter the opening in the stock or frame and provided with a depression or recess k in its under face for the reception of the clamping lever-block, and further provided with a flaring outwardly or extended top k’, projecting over the walls of the stock or frame, affords a suitable rest for the hand when in use.

It will thus be seen that the plane of this invention may be quickly and readily adjusted while in use without removing any of its parts by merely turning the adjusting-screw and projecting or receding the bit operated thereby. The clamping lever-block, with the spring compressed by the cam-headed lever, serves to hold the bit firmly and rigidly in place at all times; but when it becomes necessary to remove the bit for the purpose of sharpening or otherwise the same can be very easily accomplished by lifting the lever into the position shown in Fig. 3, whereby the cam-head is thrown back from contact with the flat spring, allowing the same to be released from tension, whereby the clamping lever-block released from contact with the adjusting-screw may be withdrawn from the stock or frame, allowing the bit to be subsequently removed. The action of the spring in raising the clamping lever-block at its rear end brings the contact of the bearing-plate of the clamping lever-block close to the cutting end of the bit at the point where the pressure is most needed, thereby serving to better hold the bit against displacement when in use. Moreover, by bringing the entire pressure of the bearing-plate upon a single portion of the bit the bearing-plate is made to bind or bite against the bit, thereby rendering the pressure more effective than if exerted by continuous contact between the clamping lever-block and the bit. It will thus be seen that the plane is simple and effective in its operation, easy in its adjustment, and strong and neat in its construction.

What I regard as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, having flat side walls and connecting end walls, inclosing the operative mechanism and having an escape-opening in its sides and a mouth in its sole, a bed having an inclined upper face, a bit resting against the inclined upper face of the bed and projecting through the mouthin the sole, a clamping lever-block lying between and in close contact with the side walls of the hollow stock, a flat spring connected to the clamping lever-block and projecting rearwardly therefrom having its free end in contact with the bed, an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block extending between the side walls, and a cam-headed lever pivoted at the rear end of the clamping lever-block and operating within a slot in the top thereof to have its cam-head contact with the flat spring, whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed raising the clamping lever-block against the abutment and forcing down the bit, substantially as described.

2. In a plane, the combination of a holder stock or frame having flat side walls and connecting end walls inclosing the operating mechanism and having an escape-opening in its sides and mouth and in its sole, a bed having an inclined upper face, a bit resting against the inclined face of the bed and projecting through the mouth in the sole, a clamping lever-block lying between and supported against lateral movement by the side wall of the stock having a forwardly-projecting bearing-plate attached to its bottom, a rearwardly-projecting spring attached to the bearing-plate, having its free end in contact with the bed, an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block carried between the side walls of the stock, a bearing-screw, screw-threaded through the abutment for contact with the upper face of the clamping lever-block and a cam-headed lever pivoted at the rear end of the clamping lever-block and operating within a slot in the top thereof to contact with the spring whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed, raising the clamping lever-block against the abutment forcing the forward end of the bearing-plate against the bit at a single point, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination of a hollow stock or frame having an escape-opening in its sides and a mouth in its sole, a bed having an inclined upper face with a recess therein, an adjusting-screw projecting through the recess in the bed, a traveling nut carried by the adjusting-screw and operating within the recess, a bit resting against the inclined face of the bed and carried by the traveling nut, and projected through the mouth in the sole, a clamping lever-block supported against lateral movement by the side walls of the hollow stock having a bearing-plate attached to its bottom, a rearwardly-projecting flat spring attached to the bearing-plate and having its free end in contact with the bed an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block, and a cam-headed lever pivoted to the lever-block and contacting with the spring whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed and the clamping lever-block against the abutment and the bearing-plate against the bit at a single point, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, the combination of a hollow stock or frame, a bed having an inclined upper face with a recess therein, an adjusting-screw projecting through the recess in the bed, a traveling nut carried by the adjusting-screw and operating within the recess, a bit resting against the inclined face of the bed and carried by the traveling nut and projecting through the mouth in the sole, a clamping lever-block having a forwardly-projecting plate attached to its bottom, a rearwardly-projecting flat spring attached to the bearing-plate and having its free end in contact with the bed, an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block, a bearing-nut screw-threaded through the abutment for contact with the clamping lever-block, and a cam-headed lever pivoted at the rear end of the clamping lever-block and operated within a slot therein to contact with the flat spring whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed raising the clamping lever-block against the abutment and the adjusting-screw and forcing the forward end of the bearing-plate against the hit at a single point, substantially as described.

5. In a plane, the combination of a hollow stock or frame having an escape-opening in its sides and a mouth in its sole, and having its upper rear corner inclined or beveled, a bed within the stock or frame having an inclined upper face with a forward recess therein, and a rear recess in the rear upper corner of the bed leaving a bearing-lug between the recesses, an adjusting-screw projecting through the beveled rear wall of the stock and the lug in the bed and through the recesses therein, a traveling nut provided with an upwardly-extending pin and carried by the adjusting-screw to operate within the forward recess, a bit resting against the inclined face of the bed and carried by the pin on the traveling nut, a clamping lever-block having a forwardly-projecting bearing-plate attached to its bottom, a rearwardly-projecting flat spring attached to the bearing-plate and having its free end in contact with the bed, an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block, a bearing-screw screw-threaded through the abutment for contact with the clamping lever-block, and a cam-headed lever pivoted at the rear end of the lever-block and lying when forced down within a slot in the top of the lever-block and having its cam-head in contact I with the flat spring whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed raising the clamping lever-block against the bearing-screw and forcing the forward end of the bearing-plate against the bit at a single point, substantially as described.

6. In a plane, the combination of a hollow stock or frame having an escape-opening in its sides and a mouth in its sole, and having its upper rear corner inclined or beveled, a bed within the stock or frame having an inclined upper face with a forward recess therein, and a rear recess in the rear upper corner of the bed leaving a bearing-lug between the recesses, an adjusting-screw projecting through the beveled rear wall of the stock and the lug in the bed and through the recesses therein, a head on the adjusting-screw contacting with the outer face of the beveled corner, a traveling nut provided with an upwardly-extending pin and carried by the adjusting-screw to operate within the forward recess, a bit resting against the inclined face of the bed and carried by the pin on the traveling nut, a clamping lever-block supported against lateral movement by the side walls of the hollow stock having a forwardly-projecting bearing-plate attached to its bottom, a rearwardly-projecting flat spring having its free end in contact with the bed, an abutment for the upper face of the clamping lever-block, a bearing-screw screw-threaded through the abutment for contact with the clamping lever-block, a cam-headed lever pivoted at the rear end of the clamping lever-block and operating within a slot in the top thereof to contact with the flat spring whereby the spring under tension is forced against the bed raising the clamping lever-block against the bearing-screw and forcing the forward end of the bear-
ing-plate against the bit at a single point, a filling-block in the forward end of the stock or frame, and a cap fitting within the top of the stock or frame, substantially as described.

AXEL L. LUNDGREN.

Witnesses:
THOMAS A. BANNING,
SAMUEL W. BANNING.

No. 703,158 – Plane (Alix W. Stanley And Henry S. Walter) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”564″]703158

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALIX W. STANLEY AND HENRY S. WALTER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO
STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY OF NEW BRITAIN CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 703,158, dated June 24, 1902.
Application filed December 27, 1901. Serial No. 87,500. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ALIX NV. STANLEY and HENRY S.WALTER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

Our invention relates to improvements in the construction of planes.

The object of our invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive, and effective means for securing in place the means whereby the position of the cap of the plane is determined, as will he understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing.

In the illustration we have shown a side elevation of a plane fitted with an embodiment of our improved construction, parts of the plane being seen in section.

The plane which we have chosen to here describe is an iron plane, in which A is the bottom.

B is what is commonly termed the “frog” of the plane. This frog B is secured to the base and presents an inclined upper surface leading down to the slot in the base A, through which the plane-iron C projects. In this type C’ is a plane-iron cap, the two parts thus forming a double plane-iron. The iron C furnishes the cutting edge.

D is what is termed the “cap.” In the particular construction shown this cap is provided with a cam D’.

E is what is termed the “cap-screw” or “holder.” This part E is ordinarily in the form of a headed screw, which takes into a tapped hole in the frog B. This holder E is seldom if ever adjusted after it has been secured in its proper position, and it is desirable to have it snugly retained in that position, so that it will not work loose and disturb the adjustment or allow chattering of the parts when in use. At the same time it is desirable not to have a permanent connection in order that in the event of an emergency a new holder can be inserted. In case the cap should become broken or lost a new cap must be inserted, and if it should vary slightly in dimensions from the original cap the holder must be adjusted. It will therefore be seen that an adjustable cap-screw that will not become loose or accidentally disturbed from its proper position is the end which we seek to attain.

F is a lever or Y adjustment pivoted to the frog B, one end of which is adapted to engage with the plane-iron C, the other end being engaged by an adjusting-nut G. This nut or thumb-nut G is movable on a screw or post H, also carried by the frog B. The plane-iron may be advanced or retracted relatively to the bottom of the plane by means of the adjusting-nut G, which operates the lever F, engaging with the plane-iron, regulating the depth of the cutting edge in the usual manner.

Our invention will be found to consist in so arranging the screw-threaded or tapped passages in the frog B for the cap-screw E and the post H that the said passages intersect for the purpose of permitting the post H to be set up against the holder or cap-screw E when the latter is in its proper position.

We thus securely lock the parts in place to prevent their becoming accidentally displaced or loosened. The screw or post H therefore performs a double function. Not only is it a means for supporting the thumb-nut G for the adjustment of the plane-iron, but it also forms the locking means for the cap-screw or holder. In our preferred construction the thread of the screw E, adjacent the point where the end of the screw H is to engage and lock the same, is turned down, so as to remove the screw-threads. Consequently the end of the screw H will not batter the screw E and render it difficult or impossible to operate it when desired. Furthermore, by so doing a better bearing-face is afforded for the end of the locking screw or post H. Heretofore the frictional engagement of the screw-threads of the cap-screw E has been solely relied upon as the means for holding the screw in position.

By our improvement a simple, inexpensive, and effective means is provided whereby if the frictional engagement of the screw-threads is insufficient the movement of the cap~screw is nevertheless prevented.

The assembling of the plane is accomplished in the well-known manner, there being nothing to require special instructions in regard thereto. The plane-iron is inserted in the usual way, and the cap D is placed thereon, a keyhole-opening D2 in the cap allowing the cap to be slipped on over the holder E. It is then slid down into place, so that the head of the screw or holder E will stand over and engage the cap D. The cam D’ is then swung down into the position shown, and thus securely clamps the parts together. Should the cap-screw E become loose, the plane-iron or parts associated therewith will be likely to chatter, producing unevenness and other undesirable results in the work performed. This is entirely avoided by the employment of our invention.

It should be obvious that the improvements in the construction herein set forth are applicable to many different styles of planes, wood as well as iron, and that the bearing for the plane-iron instead of being a separate frog might be made an integral part of the plane itself, also that the particular form and arrangement are not material so long as the combination of cap-screw and post H is such that the latter element performs the double function of supporting the thumb-nut G and securing the cap-screw effectively in place.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, a plane-iron, a bearing therefor, a cap-screw for holding said plane-iron in engagement with said bearing, an adjusting-screw for regulating the position of said plane-iron, said adjusting-screw also engaging said cap-screw to lock it, substantially as described.

2. In a plane, a plane-iron, a cap-screw for holding said plane-iron in position, an adjusting-nut, a screw therefor, said screw engaging said cap-screw, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, a plane-iron, a cap-screw for holding said plane-iron in position, a portion of the thread on said cap-screw being turned down, a separate screw engaging the turned-down portion of said cap-screw, and an adjusting-nut mounted upon said separate screw, and means coacting with said adjusting-nut for shifting the position of the plane-iron without disturbing the adjustment of the cap-screw.

4. In a plane, a holding-screw E set into the frog B, an adjusting-nut working on a screw H, said screw engaging said holder to lock it in position, substantially as described.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 5th day of December, 1901.

ALIX W. STANLEY.
HENRY S. WALTER.

Witnesses:
CHAS. B. STANLEY,
ROBT. N. PECK.

No. 701,471 – Bench-Plane Guide (George G. Dennis) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”563″]701471

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE G. DENNIS, OF MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR OF
ONE-HALF TO GEORGE A. DOLBER, OF MANCHESTER, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

BENCH-PLANE GUIDE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 701,471, dated June 3, 1902.
Application filed September 9, 1901. Serial No. 74,761. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I GEORGE G. DENNIS a citizen of the United States, residing at Manchester, in the county of Hillsboro and State of New Hampshire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Plane Guides; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in bench-plane guides and contemplates a simple and durable guide adapted to be readily attached to iron planes and which in use is very efficient and is not liable to disorder.

The nature of my invention will be readily comprehended, reference being had to the following detailed description and to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved guide attached to a plane. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plane and an elevation of the attached guide. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view on line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view on line 4 4 of Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawings by letter, A denotes an iron bench-plane, which may be of the usual construction. At one side of the plane is the usual vertical flange a, having an intermediate enlargement a’.

My improved guide is comprised of a frame B, having at its ends vertical extensions b b’ and an intermediate outwardly-projecting lug b2. At the rear side and toward the ends of the frame B are ears c c, apertured to receive pins d d, which pivotally connect to the frame the adjustable guide-plate E. The guide plate has at its outer side and centrally a slotted and apertured ear c’, to which is pivotally connected by a pin d’ one end of an arm f The other end of the arm occupies a slot b3 in the lug b2, and g is a thumb-nut, which is screwed into the lug against the arm to maintain the adjustment of the guide-plate.

The extension b is provided at its upper end with a return bend b4, which hooks over the flange a. To the upper end of the extension b is pivotally secured, by means of a pin d2, a cam H, having a handle h.

In attaching the guide to the plane the frame is slid toward the rear until the forward rise of the flange enlargement wedges tightly between the hook b and the forward ear c The cam is then turned to tightly clamp the body of the plane between it and the rearward ear c The guide is thus easily and quickly attached and detached and when in place is firmly held against movement.

I claim as my invention —

A guide for flanged bench-planes consisting of a frame having at one end an extension terminating in an integral hook to engage the flange, an extension at the other end of the frame, a cam pivoted on the latter extension adapted to clamp the body of the plane, ears on the frame, a guide-plate pivoted to the ears, a pivoted arm on the guide-plate adjustable in a slot in a lug on the frame, and a set-screw passed through the lug against the arm for maintaining the adjustment.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE G. DENNIS.

Witnesses:
GEO. W. PRESCOTT,
FRED T. DUNLAP.

No. 696,414 – Plane (George P. Davidson) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”562″]696414

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE P. DAVIDSON, OF PORT CHESTER, NEW YORK.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 696,414, dated April 1, 1902.
Application filed October 26, 1901. Serial No. 80,032. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE P. DAVIDSON, a citizen of the United States, residing in Port Chester, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and has for its object to provide a plane of improved construction wherein the advantages appertaining to a metal plane-stock and to a wooden plane-stock are combined.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plane having a sole of wood and metal.

Another object is to provide a plane wherein the plane-iron is impressed and held in position by contact with wood and metal.

Another object is to provide a plane wherein the plane-iron is held in place by contact with wood positioned by metal.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plane possessing the desirable characteristics of an old-fashioned plane, but ernbodying the advantages of a metal plane.

Many users of planes prefer a plane having a wooden sole, because they regard a plane working with wood to wood as running more smoothly and easier than one having a metal sole; but the tendency of a wooden sole upon coming in contact with a knot, or if a cornposite piece of wood is being planed with a piece of wood which is harder than the wood surrounding it, is to jump. The metal sole, however, has more of a tendency to hang to its work and keep the plane-iron down into the wood irrespective of knots or denser texture. Having in view this fact, I have pro-
vided a plane having a combined wooden and metal sole, so that the bearing-surface may be made of wood for the purpose of securing easy running, but with suflicient iron or other metal on the sole to cause the plane to hang to its work when obstacles are encountered.

In metal planes it has been found impracticable to make the plane-iron as heavy and substantial as the plane-irons heretofore employed in the old-fashioned wooden planes, the plane-irons of the modern iron plane being of such thin material that they heat in the work, frequently drawing the temper.

My invention provides a plane wherein the old-fashioned plane-iron may be employed, held in place by a wooden wedge, wedging the back of the plane-iron against a wooden block, but yet where the bearing-surfaces for those blocks are made of metal, thus obviating all liability of the bearing-surfaces getting away from their proper positions or splitting or distorting the main structure by incessant adjustment of the parts.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view of a form of my invention embodied in a block-plane. Fig. 2 is a cross-section in the line a a of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective of the metal frame of the plane. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the sole of the plane, and Fig. 5 is one of the detached wooden plates.

Similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts in the various figures.

Referring to the drawings, my invention is shown as applied to a plane wherein the stock (designated in a general way by A) comprises a frame, (designated in a general way by B,) which frarne is preferably composed of a single casting having side members 6 6, which side members are connected by integral bars 7 7, so disposed as to leave a mouth 8, the stock at the back of which mouth is provided with a seat or rest 9 for the plane-iron and a positioning bar or rest 10 for the plane-handle block. The side members are also provided with lugs 11 11, adapted for the wedge to bear against. Suitable chambers 12 are provided in the sole ot’ the frame to receive blocks or plates 13, formed of wood, disposed in such chambers and between the side members and suitably-formed ridges 14 of the frame, the side members, mouth, ridges, and wooden plates making a composite sole.

The upper side of the plane is provided with a handle 15, secured to a block 16, which block is effective to rest upon the cross-bars 7 7 and against the bar 10 for positioning the same, into which handle-block screws passing through the sole-plates may enter, the front part of the frame being also provided with a block 17 and handle 18, into which block the screws of the forward plates may enter. After the plane-stock has been assembled the wood and metal of the sole may be made smooth in any convenient manner, as by grinding. A plane-iron 19 of any ordinary or suitable construction may be employed, which may have a suitable cap 20 screwed thereto, the plane-iron being adapted to lie upon the seat or rest 9 formed on the frame and against a portion 16′ of the wooden handle-block and to be held in place by means of a wooden wedge 21, lying upon the cap and passing behind the lugs 11 11 on the frame, the plane-iron thus being positioned by immovable metal parts, but being held by contact with wood.

By my invention a plane may be produced of greater strength and lightness than planes now in use, which is due to the organization of the component parts, and the cooperation of the parts is such that lighter metals may be employed in the construction of a plane than has heretofore been found practicable.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A plane having, in combination with a plane-iron, a metal support therefor in direct contact with the iron adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

2. In a plane, the combination of a plane-stock having a sole comprised of wooden and of metal portions, the metal portion forming a rest for the lower end of the plane-iron; a wooden portion secured to the plane-stock and forming part thereof, and effective to form a support for the central portions of the plane-iron; lugs on the metal portion; and a wooden wedge interposed between such lugs and plane-iron to hold such iron in place.

3. A plane having, in combination with a plane-iron, a wooden support in direct contact with the plane-iron above the cutting edge thereof; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

4. In a plane, the combination with a plane-iron and a metal frame, of a metal support for said iron in direct contact therewith adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

5. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame; a wooden sole; and a plane-iron, of a metal support for said iron extending from the frame and in direct contact with the iron adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

6. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame; a composite sole; and a plane-iron, of a metal support for said iron extending from the frame and in direct contact with the iron adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

7. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame, and a wooden sole, of a wooden handle-supporting block to which said wooden sole is secured and between which the frame is clamped.

8. In a plane, the combination with a chambered metal frame, of a wooden sole comprising strips inlaid in the chambers of the frame; and a wooden handle-supporting block to which said wooden sole is secured and between which the frame is clamped.

9. In a plane, the combination with a chambered metal frame, of a plane-iron, a wooden sole comprising strips inlaid in the chambers of the frame in front of and at the rear of the said plane-iron, and wooden handle-supporting blocks also located in front of and at the rear of said plane-iron, and to which the wooden sole is secured and between which and said sole the frame is clamped.

10. In a plane, the combination with a wooden sole, of a metal frame in which said wooden sole is inlaid and which is provided with a rubbing-surface encircling the wooden sole at the sides and at the ends of the plane, and wooden handle-supporting blocks to which said wooden sole is secured, and between which and said sole the frame is clamped.

11. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame and a plane-iron, of a wooden sole inlaid in said frame; a metal support for the plane-iron in direct contact therewith adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of said iron as the said metal support; lugs extending from opposite sides of the metal frame and constituting a reaction member located on the side of the plane-iron opposite to which said metal support and wooden support are situated, and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said lugs.

GEORGE P. DAVIDSON.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM G. SLATER,
DE WITT H. LYON.

No. 696,081 – Plane (Henry Richards) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”561″]696081

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY RICHARDS, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY,
OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 696,081, dated March 25, 1902.
Application filed November 2, 1901. Serial No. 80,854. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, HENRY RICHARDS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pine Meadow, in the town of New Hartford, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates principally to the manner of seating frogs upon the stocks of bench-planes. Stocks are generally cast with wide and broad thick seats, thus making a large mass of metal at one portion of a thin casting, which engenders trouble both in casting the stock and subsequently in finishing the same. In casting the thin plates forming the sole and sides of the stock cool, while the thick mass forming the seat is still hot, so that as the latter subsequently cools stresses are set up, which are liable to cause flaws in the castings. In finishing these stresses become manifest when the bottom surface of the sole is faced off by throwing the surface out of alinement, making an extra finishing operation necessary. Moreover, finishing a broad surface for the frog-seat often throws the stock out of true, necessitating a further cut to be taken upon the bottom surface thereof. Metal planes are peculiarly sensitive to the action of such stresses, since the sole and flanges thereof are necessarily made thin in order to minimize the weight, and hence warp from very slight causes. Moreover, the weight of a broad and wide solid seat for the frog, with which the stock is usually provided, is a source of objection. For this reason it is impracticable to form threaded holes of requisite depth for properly receiving the vertical frog-clamping screws, so that stripping of the threads is liable to occur and the screws do not reliably clamp the frog upon its seat. Moreover, said seats have not sufficient thickness to properly accommodate a fore-and-aft frog-adjusting screw. Many of these defects are due to the necessity of lowering the seat of the frog as far as possible, so that the seat may extend close to the throat, thus making the unsupported fore part of the frog of minimum length to avoid chattering. It is principally for this reason that said seat cannot in good practice be of such height as to have a substantial bracing effect upon the stock, so that the latter is very liable to warp, even being distorted in some cases by the mere tightening of the frog-clamping screws. Again, planes as heretofore constructed have been more or less liable to chatter, this fault being-attributed to the upward pressure or reaction of the wood against the edge of the blade, whereby the fore part of the frog is sprung, thus setting up a vibration. This is particularly the case when the wood is hard and resistinge — as, for instance, in facing rose-wood across the end of the grain. Owing to this defect the range of work which can be performed by a plane of the usual structure is seriously reduced, so that it is necessary in most cases when facing across the end of the grain to employ a different type of a plane specially fitted for the work.

This invention aims to improve the operation of the plane and increase its range of usefulness and also to enable high-class planes to be produced at low cost by overcoming various difficulties in their manufacture. I greatly reduce the stresses which are set up by the cooling of the stock in casting, so as to prevent flaws and also minimize the liability of the stock warping at the finishing operations, and I restrict such stresses to a limited portion of the plane considered lengthwise, thus avoiding the usual depressions or hollows in the stock, due to shrinkage. I reduce the surface forming the main seat for the frog, so that the finishing thereof may not warp the stock, and distribute the metal in such a manner that the stock is substantially stiffened without adding to its weight unduly, if at all. I make provision for threaded holes of ample depth and capacity and seat the frog so firmly upon the stock as not only to prevent chattering, but also to greatly improve the effectiveness of the plane and increase its range of efficiency and to steady the fore part of the frog at the point where the plane-iron is clamped thereon, while permitting ample adjustment for closing or opening the throat, and also prevent chattering of the plane, due to the springing of the frog, by either the downward drag or the upward resistance of the wood. In general I furnish a construction adapted to meet all of the numerous and peculiar requirements necessary in practice for satisfactory results in planes of this class, and especially when employed upon highly-resistant woods and when set for the production of fine surfaces, in which cases any flexibility or chattering is particularly objectionable.

A further object of my invention is to overcome a fault in the cam usually employed to clamp the plane-irons upon the frog, whereby the pressure at the lower portion of the blade is relieved and chips are permitted to crowd up between the blade and the cap-plate thereon.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a plane made in accordance with my improvements. Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken on the line x x of Fig. 3 and showing an adjustable frog from the rear. Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the frog and parts adjacent thereto shown at Fig. 1, this section being taken on the median line of the plane. Fig. 4 is a section similar to Fig. 3, but taken on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a plan of the middle section of my improved plane-stock and showing also a frog-adjusting screw. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 4, but showing the frog as adjusted forwardly so as to nearly close the throat.

In the several views similar parts are designated by similar numerals of reference.

The plane-stock may consist of a thin floor or sole 1, finished upon its bottom surface, and thin side flanges 2, connected forwardly of the throat 3 by means of a thin high stiffening-rib 4. The stock may also be provided with the usual back handle 5 and front knob 6. At a point well in rear of the throat I join the flanges 2 by a high rib 7, which may be rather thin in cross-section, and trusses the side flanges, producing a stilf box-like device. The top edge of the rib is faced off at 7a in parallelism with the bottom or working surface of the stock. Upon the forward side of the rib 7 I provide bosses 8, one at each side of the median line of the plane, in which I form threaded vertical holes 9 for the reception of screws 10, which clamp a frog 11 upon the stock. At a point between the bosses 8 I form in the rib 7 a threaded horizontal perforation 12 for the reception of a screw 13, whereby the frog may be adjusted forward and back, so as to close or open the throat 3. Along the rear edge of the throat I thicken the sole and finish its upper surface at 14 in parallelism with the top 7a of the rib 7, so that the surfaces 14 and 7a may cooperate to form a chair for the frog. The thickened portion at 14 braces the comparatively weak sole of the plane at this point, but is very much depressed below the surface 7a, so that said surfaces form steps, which are separated, so as to give a broad bearing for the frog.

The frog consists of the body portion 11 and a forwardly-sloping bed 15, the lower part of the latter at 15a projecting downwardly and forwardly from the body portion. At its lower edge said projecting part is fitted upon the step 14, so that the frog may be adjusted forward and back in parallelism with the working face of the plane and be always firmly seated upon the chair. As will be observed at Fig. 4, the frog is provided with slots 16 for the binding-screws 10, permitting the adjustment of the frog, which may be effected by means of the fore-and-aft screw 13, whose grooved head engages a slotted ear 17, secured to the frog by a screw 18.

A blade 19 lies upon the bed 15 and projects beyond the lower edge thereof into the throat 3. This blade may be of the usual construction and is provided with a customary cap-plate 20. The usual longitudinal and transverse adjustments may be effected by means of a screw-operated yoke-lever 21 and a swinging lever 22. The plate-irons 10 and 20 are releasably secured upon the bed by means of a clamping-bow 23, which bears at its lower end upon the cap-plate 20 and at its upper end is provided with an improved cam-lever 24 and works upon the head of a screw 25, projecting from the frog.

It will be observed that by dividing the chair into two well-separated portions abroad seat is obtained for the frog without unduly weighting the plane. The forward step 14 steadies the frog, and hence the blade, at a point close at the working surface of the plane, the plane being adjustable for different kinds of work without detracting from the steadiness of the frog at this point. The high truss 7 renders the stock especially rigid at the very point where the distortive stresses are produced by the clamping-screws, so that the frog may be securely clamped upon its broad chair without warping the thin plane-stock.

The feature of adequately supporting the fore part of the frog when it is adjusted forwardly for different classes of work, as at Fig. 6, is of great importance in my improved plane, since the blade is always given a firm bearing at a point very close to its cutting edge. My improvement is of great value when the plane is used upon highly-resistant woods and when set for the production of line surfaces, in which case any flexibility of the knife is particularly objectionable, producing chattering and making it difiicult or impossible to produce the desired finish. It will also be seen that by dividing the chair into two steps and placing one thereof close to the edge of the throat, so as to afford a positive support for the lower edge of the frog, I am able to heighten the rear step materially, and I thus not only materially stiffen the thin plane-stock, but apply the stiffening-truss at the very portion which is subjected to the most stress. Moreover, I am enabled to increase the depth of the holes for the clamping-screws and also to make ample provision for a fore-and-aft adjusiing-screw and all without adding materially to the weight, but instead reducing the objectionable thickness of metal usual in stock of this kind.

A further and important feature of my improvements appertains to the means illustrated for putting the fore part or nose of the frog normally under tension, whereby I am enabled to secure a perfect action of the plane. As will be observed at Fig. 4, the clamping-screws 10 bear upon the frog at a point between the two steps of the chair, thereby not only clamping the body of the frog securely upon the rear step, but also tending to flex the fore part of the frog and holding it down upon the seat 14 with considerable pressure. Owing to this normal tension upon the frog, it results that applying pressure to or removing it from the blade when planing operates in a far less degree than heretofore to spring the frog. It will be understood that when a frog is held upon a broad single seat by means of screws located in the usual manner this normal stress or tension of the frog is wanting, and the fore part of the frog consequently is left somewhat flexible, so that the pressure of the wood upward under the point of the blade springs up both the blade and the frog and permits a vibration which in many cases amounts to a chattering of the edge of the blade upon the wood. Thus it will be seen that I not only provide a positive support at all times for the fore part of the frog, but also that I spring said fore part upon said support, so that the blade is prevented from chattering either by the downward pull or by the upward thrust of the wood. I thus widen the range of work for which this type of plane is adapted and secure a more reliable operation and better results generally on all kinds of work.

Owing to the proximity of the clamping-screws to the rear-step 7a and their remoteness from the forward step 14, the pressure upon the frog is distributed between the two steps in substantial correspondence to the relative abilities of the two portions of the thin stock to sustain the pressure, without warping or distortion, so that the frog is thus put into condition to avoid chattering without incurring a liability of distorting the stock.

The cam-lever 24 is formed with a curved working surface 24a, which as the lever is turned gradually forces the bow against the plane-irons, said surface 24a terminating in a tangential stop-surface 24b, which arrests the lever just as the point of greatest compression is reached, so that there is no possibility of a reactional movement of the plane-irons, as is usually the case, and the latter are held under maximum tension, thus im-
proving their action and avoiding the liability of chips working between the irons.

Not the least of the several valuable features of my invention consists in the provision for adjustment of the frog forth and back in substantial parallelism with the nnished bottom or working surface of the stock and at the same time enabling said frog however adjusted to be firmly supported not only at its main or body portion, but also at its front end. At least one and preferably both of the elements 15a and 14 are finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of the stock, and the same is true of the elements 7 and 11. In the construction illustrated a parallelism of adjustment is secured through a parallelism of bearing-surfaces with the working or bottom face of the stock, one of said parallel bearing-surfaces being in front and being formed or provided upon either the frog or the stock, and another of said parallel bearing-surfaces being in rear and also formed or provided upon either the frog or the stock, the surfaces contacting with said parallel bearing-surfaces being themselves preferably also parallel with said working face of the stock, thereby giving considerable breadth or area of contact at both the fore and aft portions of the frog, which is desirable. It will be understood that by having at least one such parallel bearing-surface in front and at the lower portion of the plane and at least one more such parallel bearing-surface in rear and at a considerable elevation it becomes practicable both to adjust the frog forth and back and also to support the same firmly both fore and aft at all such adjustments. I consider it of especial value that the portion 7 of the stock has a stepwise arrangement relatively to the bearing-surface at the throat in said stock, since thereby it becomes practicable in this class of planes to effect a parallel adjustment of the frog while always firmly supporting not only the body but also the fore foot of the latter, this fore foot being an exceedingly sensitive part of the plane and the true action thereof being of the utmost importance. It will be observed that the frog at its forward end affords a direct support for the lower ends of the plane-irons and also at said end and close to the lower ends of said plane-irons bears directly upon the sole of the stock at all times. By maintaining the frog constantly at the same vertical distance from the working-surface or floor of the stock the throat may be closed or opened to any extent by a simple and rapid manipulation without the necessity of resetting the plane-irons either in longitudinal direction or transversely by means of the lever 22, while at all times the action of the plane is rendered most satisfactory. In this instance the adjustment of the frog is effected by means of a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of the stock beneath the base of the frog and connected to the latter.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of my invention, and portions of my improvements may be used without others.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, so as to form a chair for a frog; and said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device.

2. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; said depressed step being in the form of a slight thickening of the edge of the sole along the rear side of the throat, and said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; the upper surfaces of said steps being linished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, so as to form a chair for a frog.

3. A metallic plane-stock having a high step which is provided with a deep threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat and forward of said high step a depressed step; and said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

4. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a thin high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step, said rib being provided with two deep holes for receiving frog-clamping devices, one hole at each side of the stock; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step which is formed by thickening the throat edge of the sole; said step being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog, and each thereof being finished parallel with the working surface of the stock.

5. A metallic plane-stock having a rear step provided at its front side with a threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; and also having at the rear edge of the throat and forward of said threaded hole a depressed step; said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

6. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses the flanges and also forms a rear step; said step having at its forward side two threaded holes, one at each side of the median line of the stock, for receiving frog-clamping screws; said sole also having at the rear edge of the throat, a thickening which forms a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

7. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a long frog-adjusting screw, which may project forwardly through said rib; and also having an upfand-down threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; said steps being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog, and being finished parallel with the working surface of the stock.

8. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a long frog-adjusting screw, which may project forwardly through said rib; and said sole also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and being substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, and being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

9. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a frog-adjusting screw, and also having at its front side two vertical threaded holes, one upon each side of said perforation, for receiving frog-clamping screws; said sole being also thickened at the rear edge of the throat so as to form a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, and being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

10. A metallic plane-stock having well in rear of the throat a pair of vertically bored and threaded bosses formed upon the front side of a rear step; said stock also having at the rear edge of said throat and forward of said bosses a thickening which forms a depressed forward step; and said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

11. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a pair of vertically-bored bosses formed upon the front side of a narrow high transverse rib that trusses said flanges, and also forms a rear step; said stock also having at the rear of said throat a depressed forward step; said steps being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog; and said rib being also provided between said bosses with a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a frog-adjusting device.

12. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throata depressed step, and wellin rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock; said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; and said frog being fitted to and adjustably secured upon said steps.

13. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a sole and side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; and said frog being fitted upon said steps and secured thereto by one or more screws which pass down into deep holes formed in said truss, and being also connected to a fore-and-aft screw which engages a threaded perforation also formed in said truss.

14. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a chair consisting of separated seats, of a frog fastened upon said chair by means of a device which bears upon the frog at a point between said seats and thereby causes the frog to bear upon both seats.

15. In a plane, the combination with a stock; having a chair consisting of separated seats, of a frog fastened upon said chair by means of a device which bears upon the frog at a point between said seats but close to one thereof, so as to cause the frog to bear unequally upon the seats.

16. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog fastened thereon and capable of fore-and-aft adjustment; said stock having a sole and side flanges, and having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; and said frog being fastened by one or more screws placed at the forward side of said rear step, and bearing upon the frog between its fore~and-aft supports, so that the frog is rigidly seated upon the rear step and is also caused to bear firmly upon the front step at all such adjustments of said frog.

17. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock; said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; and said frog being fitted to and adjustably secured upon said steps; plane-irons; a clamping-bow; and a cam-lever formed with a curved working surface 24a, which as the lever is turned gradually forces the bow against the plane-irons, said surface 24a terminating in a tangential stop-surface 24b, which arrests the lever just as the point of greatest compression is reached.

18. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of the stock and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof;
said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; and at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface, so as to close and open the throat, and be always conjointly supported by said steps.

19. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; and at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface so as to close and open the throat, and be always conjointly supported by said steps; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of said stock beneath the base of said frog; and a connection between said frog and said screw; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back.

20. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface, so as to close and open the throat, and still be firmly supported upon said steps conjointly; and a screw threaded down into the material of said elevated step, and effective to clamp said frog to said stock at all adjustments of the former.

21. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working face so as to close and open the throat, and always be supported by said steps; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of said stock beneath the base of said frog; a connection between said frog and said screw whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back; and a screw threaded down into the material of said step and effective to clamp said frog to said stock at all adjustments of the former.

22. A metal plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges and also having a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device well in rear of the throat; said stock being also provided forwardly of said rib with a depressed step, and having also a rear elevated bearing-surface having a stepwise relation to said depressed step and which con jointly with said depressed step forms a chair in combination with a frog formed to engage and be guided by the parallel surfaces of said steps, whereby it may be adjusted forth and back said steps being finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of said stock.

23. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog thereon adjustable fore and aft in parallelism with the working surface of said stock; and plane-irons carried by said frog; said frog at its forward end both affording a direct support for the lower ends of the plane-irons, and also at said forward end and close to the lower ends of said plane-irons bearing upon the sole of the stock at all positions to which said frog may be adjusted; and separate means for supporting the main portion or body of said frog in such a manner as to permit said adjustment thereof; said separate supporting means being engaged by said frog at a material elevation above the sole of said stock.

24. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog bearing upon the sole of the plane at the rear border of the throat; an elevated support well in rear of the throat; said frog having a main seat resting upon said elevated support; means for clamping said frog; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into said support beneath said frog; and an ear provided upon said frog and connected to said screw, whereby the frog may be adjusted by turning said screw; said frog, at all such adjustments thereof, bearing at its front end upon the sole at the rear border of the throat.

25. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog clamped thereon; a main support for said frog being provided upon said stock and rising to a material elevation above the sole thereof; and afore-and-aft screw threaded into said main support beneath said frog and connected to the latter so as to effect fore-and-aft adjustments thereof; said frog having a part which extends forwardly and downwardly from said support and bears at its lower end upon the sole of the stock at the rear border of the throat, at all adjustments effected by said screw.

HENRY RICHARDS.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 695,668 – Core-Box Plane (Alfred S. Brower) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”560″]695668

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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ALFRED S. BROWER, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK.

CORE-BOX PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 695,668, dated March 18, 1902.
Application filed December 26, 1901. Serial No. 87,300. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED SPENCER BROWER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Core-Box Planes, of which the following is a full and complete Specification, such as will enable those skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to planes for use in cutting a sernicircular recess in a block of wood to form a core-box. As at present constructed such planes are formed of a right-angle or sectionally-L-shaped frame with the cutter set in and immediately beneath the base thereof so that the cutter moves longitudinally of the semicircular or semicylindrical recess of the core-box, and the side of the right-angle or sectionally L-shaped frame will contact with the upper edges or corners of the semicylindrical recess and guide the plane in its cutting, so that it will make a true or perfect semicircle and semicylindrical recess; but as the cutter must project below the level of the base the said cutter is not at a proper point to comply with the geometrical law governing this action of the core-box plane, and this results in cutting the semicircle a little deeper than it would be out if the plate were at the true line or apex of the right angle, and since the cutting edge and its angle contact-point are different the plane does not guide truly, and when the semicylindrical recess has been cut the top of the core-box must be planed off, so as to make a section of the core-box a true semicircle. If the relative form of the frame is so changed that the blade lies at the true point relatively to the angle, this extra deep cutting may be avoided; but in that case the cutter acts as the sole support at the base of the device, and the base and side of the frame in its movement rub forcibly against the corners of the core-box and wear them away, so that the semicircle is still untrue.

It is the object of my invention to produce a device by means whereof the plane will be supported upon that portion of its base which is in contact with the surface being out and upon those portions of the base and of the side which contact with the corners or upper edges of the semicylindrical recess, so that an accurate semicylindrical recess may be cut by the repeated longitudinal movements of the plane.

The invention consists in the novel construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which like letters of reference designate corresponding parts in the several views, Figure 1 is an end elevation of a plane embodying my invention and a core-box upon which it is in position to operate. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the plane. Fig. 3 is an inverted plan view thereof. Fig. 4 is a front elevation, part of the base portion or guide of the plane being broken away.

In the practice of my invention I provide a device or tool of the class specified which comprises a body portion a, consisting of an oblong plate, and a base or guide portion b, also consisting of an oblong plate, said base or guide portion being preferably much wider than the body portion a and being secured to the bottom edge thereof at right angles thereto, the connection of the base or guide portion b with the body portion a being preferably made by countersinkiug said base or guide portion into the body portion, as is also indicated in Figs. 1 and 4. The body portion of the tool is also provided centrally of the bottom portion thereof with an inclined slot or groove a2, which communicates with an opening or passage a3, which extends upwardly and backwardly in line with said slot or opening and through the top portion of said body portion of the tool, and placed in the slot or opening a2 is a bit or cutter proper which is designated by the reference character c and which is provided with a shank c2, which passes upwardly through the opening or passage a3, and said bit or tool proper is held in place by a wedge d in the usual manner. The edge of the bit or cutter proper passes through the bottom of the slot or opening a2, as clearly shown in Fig. 2, and said bit or tool may be adjusted by means of the wedge d, as will be readily understood.

The body portion a of the plane is provided upon its under surface forwardly of the cutter c with a rabbet groove or kerf a4 of a depth equal to the customary or desired depth of the cut or shaving of the plane, which groove or kerf at its rear end communicates with the slot or opening a2. By reason of this rabbet groove or kerf a4 the cutter in its operative position ready to shave the wood lies in its relative projection below the roof of the said groove at a point corresponding to the normal level or surface of the base portion of the plane, and therefore that portion of the body or upright side which is at the rear of the plane is flush or on the same level with the edge of the cutter.

The operation of the device will be readily understood from the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, and the advantages resultant from the use thereof will be manifest to all who are conversant with devices of this character.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings a core-box e is represented, and in practice the core-opening or segmental recess f in said box is roughly or partially hollowed out and the perfect cutting or planing out thereof is commenced on one side, and usually both sides of the recess are partially planed away a certain distance, so as to leave both perfect corners or edges of the recess open and free to the contact of the side of the plane therewith. The body of the tool is grasped by the hand in the usual manner and operated longitudinally, so as to cut away all remaining portions of the recess f in longitudinal shavings. In this operation the base or guide portion b rests on one edge g of the core-opening, while the body or side of the plane rests against the opposite edge h of the core-opening, and as the cutter c lies flush with the rear portion of the under surface of the body or upright side of the plane which rests upon the surface being cut the plane will be guided in a diametrically accurate manner to hollow out the core-box along an absolutely semicircular line to produce a perfectly sernicylindrical recess.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. A core-box plane comprising a body portion or frame formed of an angularly-connected or L-shaped side and base, and a cutter-blade projecting through the upright side of the plane, and a rabbet groove or kerf formed in the under surface of the plane which extends from the edge of the cutter to the front end of the body of the plane, and the rear portion of the said under surface lying dush with the edge of the cutter whereby in the planing of a core-box the base and side of the plane will be accurately disposed relatively to the cutter and to the core-box.

2. A core-box plane which is L-shaped in cross-section and the upright section of which is provided with a cutter which is passed therethrongh, said upright portion being provided in the bottom thereof with a rabbet groove or kerf which extends from the cutting edge of the tool to the front end of the body portion.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of the subscribing witnesses, this 23d day of December, 1901.

ALFRED S. BROWER.

Witnesses:
F. A. STEWART,
F. F. TELLER.

No. 688,969 – Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”559″]688969

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST,
OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 688,969, dated December 17, 1901.
Application filed June 25, 1900. Serial No. 21,440. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTHUR E. RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful lmprovement in Planes; and we do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a view in side elevation of a plane constructed in accordance with our invention; Fig. 1a, a view thereof in transverse section on the line a b of the preceding figure; Fig. 2, a view of the plane in vertical central longitudinal section; Fig. 3, a plan view of the body of the plane stripped of all other parts; Fig. 4, a reverse plan view thereof; Fig. 5, a plan view of the removable sectional wooden face, the sections of which are separated from each other; Fig. 6, a view in transverse section on the line c d of Fig. 5; Fig. 7, a plan view of the removable sectional metal face of the plane with the sections drawn apart; Fig. 8, a view in transverse section on the line e f of the preceding figure.

Our invention relates to an improvement in that class of bench-planes designed for smoothing as distinguished from beading or rabbeting, and more particularly to smoothing-planes having metal bodies, the object being to produce at a low cost for manufacture a simple and strong plane constructed with particular reference to its adaptation to have a metal or a wooden face applied to it interchangeably, so as to readily adapt it to be used in situations requiring wooden faces as well as in situations requiring metal faces.

With these ends in view our invention consists in a plane having certain details of construction and combinations of parts, as will be hereinafter described,and particularly recited in the claims.

In carrying out our invention as herein shown the metal body A of the plane has cast integral with it an inclined cutter-supporting bed B, the opposite edges of which are supported or trussed by longitudinal flanges A’, rising from the opposite edges of I the upper face of the body. As shown, these flanges extend throughout the length of the body for increasing the strength thereof; but this is not essential. These flanges A’, as shown, are raised at points opposite the bed B, but elsewhere are straight and uniform in height. The said bed is provided for supporting the cutter, (not shown,) which may be of the usual construction and which is secured in place and adjusted in any desired manner. For the purpose of casting the said integral cutter-supporting bed without the use of cores a large casting-opening A2, which is located directly below the bed, is formed. This opening performs no function in the completed plane, but, as aforesaid, permits the body A to be cast without the use of a core, whereby the expense of producing the plane is greatly reduced. The body. A is also formed with a throat-opening A2, located directly in front of the casting-opening aforesaid and permitting the shavings removed by the cutter to escape upward through the plane.

To adapt the plane to be used in situations requiring wooden as well as metal faces, we design to provide each plane-body with interchangeable faces made of wood and of metal, respectively, these faces being constructed to correspond in size to the lower face of the body, so as to completely cover the casting-opening A2, formed therein.
These removable faces of wood and metal may be formed in one piece or in sections, as desired. As an illustration of their construction we have shown a sectional wooden face composed of a long rear section C and a short forward section C’. The said wooden section C is secured in place by screws D passing downward into it through the body of the plane, which for that purpose is formed with screw-holes D’, while the forward section is adjustably secured in place by means of a handle E, having a threaded stud F passing downward through an elongated slot G, formed in the forward portion of the body. The stud F is entered into the said forward section C’, which by turning the handle E is clamped against the forward end of the lower face of the body, so as to be held firmly in place; but as the adjacent ends of the two sections wear so as to unduly increase the opening H, Fig. 2, between them below the throat-opening A3 the forward section is moved rearwardly, so as to take up this wear by loosening the handle E.

As shown in Fig. 1a of the drawings, the lower face of the body is provided with two parallel centering-flanges I I, the inner faces of which are beveled and which insure the centering of the removable face when it is applied to the body; but these flanges are not necessarily employed, although we prefer to use them. To coact with the beveled inner faces of the flanges I I, the upper corners of the sections C and C’ are beveled, as shown at c in Figs. 1a and 6. When the removable face is made in sections, we preferably form the forward sections with two rearwardly-extending fingers J J, Fig. 5, which extend across the ends of the throat-opening A3, so as to prevent the shavings from clogging.

The removable metal face of the plane shown in Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings comprises a long rear section K and a short forward section K These sections are reinforced and strengthened by the formation upon their upper faces of longitudinal side ribs L L and a longitudinal central rib L’. The rib L’ is enlarged near its ends to form posts L2 L2, which are internally threaded for the reception of the screws which hold it in place by passing down through the body of the plane, while the rib L’ of the forward section K is formed with a corresponding post L3 for the reception of the threaded stud F of the handle E. As shown in Fig. 8, the upper outer corners of the side ribs L of the sections K K’ are beveled, as at k, for coaction with the beveled inner faces of the centering-flanges I of the body of the plane.

Having fully described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the said bed, of a removable face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the said body to which it corresponds, and extending entirely over the said casting-opening.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed, both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the said bed, of a removable sectional face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the said body to which it corresponds in size, and extending entirely over the said casting-opening.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the said bed, and with a throat-opening located in front of the said casting-opening, of a removable sectional face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the body so as to entirely cover the said casting-opening, and comprising a forward section which is longitudinally adjustable for taking up wear at the said throat-opening.

4. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the bed, of removable interchangeable metal and wooden faces adapted to be applied to the lower face of the body to which they correspond in size and the said casting-opening in which they entirely close.

5. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the bed and with a throat-opening located in front of the said casting-opening, of a removable sectional face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the body to which it corresponds in size, and the said casting-opening in which it entirely closes, the forward section of the said face being made longitudinally adjustable for taking up wear at the said throat-opening, and formed at its rear end with rearwardly~extending lugs which extend across the said throat-opening.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM McALPINE,
E. L. MORLEY.

No. 685,411 – Carpenter’s Router (Albert F. Schade) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”558″]685411

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALBERT F. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

CARPENTER’S ROUTER.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 685,411, dated October 29, 1901.
Application filed March 6, 1901. Serial No. 50,130. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT F. SCHADE, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Routers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in carpenters’ routers; and the object of my improvement is to provide simple and efficient means for adjusting the cutter.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my router; and Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation, the bed plate or frame being in vertical section on the line x x of Fig. 1.

The bed plate or frame A, tool-post 3, yoke 4, and set-screw 5 are of an ordinary and well-known construction. The cutter 6 is also of an old form, excepting as I provide a recess or notch 7 in its rear side near its upper end. In the center of the tool-post 3 and projecting upwardly therefrom is the adjusting-screw 8, rigidly and permanently affixed thereto or formed thereon, so as to constitute an immovable part thereof. Upon this screw is the adjusting-nut 9, preferably having a roughened or knurled edge for convenience of manipulation. This nut is of a diameter so large as to project into the path of the upper end of the cutter 6, whereby the adjusting-nut 9 and the cutter 6 may be assembled with the edge of the nut projecting into the recess or notch 7 in the cutter 6, as best shown in Fig. 2.

It will be readily seen that the cutter may be adjusted either up or down by turning the adjusting-nut 9; also, that the parts may be assembled when desired with the adjusting-nut above the notch in the cutter or wholly removed, so that the cutter may be used without any adjusting mechanism. The cutter 6 may also be placed in the reverse position on the back side of the post, as indicated by broken lines in Fig. 2, and the same adjusting mechanism is adapted for use with the cutter in this reversed position. The construction is simple and inexpensive, and the improved device is very convenient for effecting a fine adjustment, while it in no way interferes with any of the ordinary uses of the router.

I claim as my invention —

The combination of the bed-plate, the double-faced tool-post, projecting upwardly above the said bed, the cutter fitted to slide vertically cn the sides of the said tool-post, means for confining the said cutter in place on the said tool-post, the adjusting-screw 8, centrally mounted in the upper end of the said tool-post and projecting upwardly therefrom, and the adjusting-nut 9, mounted on the said adjusting-screw and operatively connected with the upper end of the said cutter, whereby the said adjusting mechanism may be used when the cutter is placed on either side of the said tool-post, substantially as described.

ALBERT F. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
E. G. HOFFMAN.

No. 682,958 – Plane (Thomas M. Seeds, Jr., And Martin Frings) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”557″]682958

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS M. SEEDS, JR., AND MARTIN FRINGS,
OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 682,958, dated September 17, 1901.
Application filed April 12, 1901. Serial No. 55,511. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, THOMAS M. SEEDS, Jr., and MARTIN FRINGS, citizens of the United States, and residents of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and Improved Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to a plane adapted particularly for smoothing floors, but applicable for use in connection with all plane surfaces.

The invention comprises certain peculiar features of construction by which the plane is carried on a wheeled frame and pushed over the floor through the medium of a long handle, thus enabling the operator to stand upright at his work.

This specification is a specific description of one form of the invention, while the claims are definitions of the actual scope thereof.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-section thereof; and Fig. 3 is a detail view of one of the dogs, which will be hereinafter described.

a indicates the frame or carriage of the device. This frame is formed with cavities a’
therein, in which are located wheels b, these wheels supporting the frame, andthe cavities a’ being closed at the top to prevent shavings from entering the cavities and clogging the wheels. The frame a has an elastic bead or buffer a2 run around it to prevent marring the woodwork of the building, and at the front portion of the frame is arranged a brush a3, which is adapted to sweep away the dust and other gritty substances prior to the engagement of the blade with the wood.

c indicates the handle, which has a fork at its lower end pivotally connected with the frame a, the handle extending upward within convenient reach of the user, so that the plane may be pushed along much after the manner of the well-known hand lawn-mower.

d indicates a block which is set loosely within the frame a. This block is provided with pins e, which are fastened rigidly thereto and which are projected upward through cross-bars f The cross- bars fare secured rigidly to the frame a by latches f’, which are removably engaged in keepers f2, secured to the frame. Springs e’ bear between the cross-bars f and the block cl and serve to push the block downward. This block cl carries a blade g, which blade is held in the block by a wedge lt. The block d is suitably orificed, as indicated at d’, to receive the blade g and wedge h, so that as the device is moved along the floor the blade in engaging therewith will cut the shavings and throw them into and through the orifice in the block.

The apparatus is adapted to be pushed along on its wheels in the direction desired, and its operation in other respects is very much the same as the usual hand-plane. The block d bears on the ground, and the springs e’ serve to hold the block down, with the blade g properly engaged with the floor. The brush a3 prevents gritty substances from encountering the blade. By manipulating the latches f’ the cross-bars f may be removed from the frame and the block d, with its attached parts, taken out.

Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. A planer, comprising a wheeled frame, a block movably mounted thereon, means pressing the block downward and a planing-blade held by the block.

2. A planer, comprising a wheeled frame, a block set loosely therein, a spring pressing the block downward, and a planing -blade held by the block.

3. A plane, comprising a wheeled frame, a block mounted loosely therein, a planing-blade held by the block, a cross-bar engaged with the frame, a latch for removably holding the cross-bar in place, and a spring bearing between the cross-bar and block to press the block downward.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

THOMAS M. SEEDS, JR.
MARTIN FRINGS.

Witnesses:
NORMAN H. STEVENS,
W. L. STEVENS.

No. 680,056 – Plane (Edward S. Marks) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”556″]680056

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDWARD S. MARKS, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK,
ASSIGNOR TO OHIO TOOL COMPANY, OF NEW YORK.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 680,056, dated August 6, 1901.
Application filed December 10, 1900. Serial No. 39,447. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD S. MARKS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Auburn, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the devices by which the chisel is adjusted in relation to the plane-stock; and it consists in certain new constructions and arrangements of the parts by which this adjustment is effected.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan of a plane-stock provided with my improvements. Fig. 2 is a vertical section upon the line x y of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 shows the lever separately.

Similar reference-letters indicate like parts in the several views.

In the drawings, A is the plane-stock. B is the chisel, which is secured by means of the cap C, which is held by the screw D and is locked by means of the lever E, pivoted at e and carrying a cam e’.

The foregoing parts are of usual construction.

Upon the plane-stock a carriage F is pivoted at f, which oscillates in the horizontal plane across the bed g. The carriage F is furnished with a slide h, seated thereon, and actuated by a screw K, which extends to the rear of the carriage F and is turned by its head L. A projection n upon the slide h, engages a corresponding depression or aperture m, in the chisel and holds the latter in position.

In operation the lengthwise adjustment of the chisel is performed by rotating the screw K, and by moving the carriage F upon its pivot f crosswise the lateral adjustment of the chisel is effected.

Wliat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

In a plane and in combination; a plane-stock; a chisel mounted therein; means for clamping said chisel in said stock; a carriage pivotally mounted on said plane-stock so as to permit a lateral adjustment of said carriage and the parts supported thereby; a slide mounted on said pivoted carriage, and engaging said chisel ; and means carried by said carriage to adjust said slide and chisel longitudinally.

Signed at Auburn, New York, this 6th day of December, A. D. 1900.

EDWARD S. MARKS.

Witnesses:
H. D. PARSELL,
FREDERICK I. ALLEN.

No. 680,055 – Plane (Edward S. Marks) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”555″]680055

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDWARD S. MARKS, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK,
ASSIGNOR TO OHIO TOOL COMPANY, OF NEW YORK.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 680,055, dated August 6, 1901.
Application filed December 4, 1900. Serial No. 38,705. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD S. MARKS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention consists in certain new devices used to regulate the position of the chisel in relation to the plane-stock; and its object. is to furnish means for readily adjusting the chisel both longitudinally and laterally.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan of a plane provided with my improvements and with the chisel and retaining-cap removed; and Fig. 2 is a sectional view upon the line x y of Fig. 1, showing the chisel and cap in position.

Similar reference-letters indicate like parts in both views.

In the drawings, A is the plane-stock, B is the chisel, and C the cap-iron, which is secured under the cross-bar D by means of the screw E.

The chisel B is provided with a rack b, and a pinion-section d, pivoted at f and operated by a lever K, engages it. The dotted lines of Fig. 2 indicate different positions which this lever may occupy in the vertical plane. By this means the chisel is moved in the direction of its length as required.

The carriage g, which supports the pivot f, is pivotally secured at h, so that it may be moved laterally, and the dotted lines of Fig. 1 show dilierent positions which it may occupy in the horizontal plane, the upright ears g’, rising from the carriage g, straddling the rack b on the under side of the chisel B and lengaging the parts for lateral adjustment, as shown in Fig. 2, the segment m upon the plane-stock furnishing a support for it in its different positions.

By the above-described means the chisel B is readily adjusted either vertically or laterally, as desired.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane and in combination, a plane-stock, a chisel, means for clamping said chisel in said plane-stock, a carriage having a vertical pivotal connection with said plane-stock, a lever carried by and having a horizontal pivotal connection with said carriage to shift said carriage laterally on its pivot, means on said carriage to engage and shift said chisel laterally, and means on said pivoted carriage-lever to engage said chisel and shift it longitudinally.

2. In a plane and in combination, a plane-stock, a chisel, means for clamping said chisel in said plane-stock, a carriage having a vertical pivotal connection vvith said plane-stock, a segment formed on said stock to support said carriage, a lever carried by and having a horizontal pivotal connection with said carriage to shift said carriage laterally on its pivot, upright ears on said carriage to engage and shift said chisel laterally, and means on said pivoted carriage-lever to engage said chisel and shift it longitudinally.

Signed at Auburn, New York, this 1st day of December, A. D. 1900.

EDWARD S. MARKS.

Witnesses:
HENRY D. PARSELL,
FREDERICK I. ALLEN.

No. 679,702 – Spokeshave (Walter D. Murray) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”554″]679702

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WALTER D. MURRAY, OF PORTLAND, MAINE, ASSIGNOR,
OF ONE-HALF TO WALTER ACKROYD, OF SAME PLACE.

SPOKESHAVE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 679,702, dated July 30, 1901.
Application filed May 31, 1900. Serial No. 18,627. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, WALTER D. MURRAY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Portland, in the county of Cumberland, in the State of Maine, have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in Spokeshaves, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class of wood-working planes known as spokeshaves.

One object of the invention is to provide a spokeshave with a detachable reversible sole-piece, either edge of which may be used to vary the form of the spokeshave to adapt it for either concave or straight work.

Another object of the invention is to provide simple and effective means for raising and lowering the blade, whereby either end thereof may be moved as desired independently of the other to seen re accuracy of adjustment.

Another object is to provide improved handles for the spokeshave for insuring a better grip and a steadier working tool.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a front elevation of this spokeshave. Fig. 2 represents a rear elevation thereof. Fig. 3 represents a central transverse section on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 represents a similar section with the sole-piece reversed. Fig. 5 represents a perspective view of the detachable sole-piece. Fig. 6 represents a perspective view of the blade or cutter. Fig. 7 represents a rear elevation of the stock, the detachable sole-piece being removed. Fig. 8 represents another form of connection between the blade and the adjusting-screws therefor. Fig. 9 represents an end view of the stock, one of the handles being shown in section on line 9 9 of Fig. 1.

The same reference numbers indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

In the form of spokeshave illustrated in the accompanying drawings a body or stock 10, having handles 20 and 30 at its opposite ends, is recessed at its back to receive a detachable sole-piece 40. The recessing of the stock forms a rear bed for the blade and shoulders 11 and 12, against which the ends of the sole-piece 40 abut. These shoulders 11 and 12 are provided with screw-threaded sockets 13 and 14, adapted to receive headed screws 50 and 60, respectively, the object of which will be hereinafter described. This stock is provided with a slot 17, through which the shavings pass. Means are provided on the stock and sole-piece for adjusting the latter incorrect position, and these means may consist of lags on one part and notches in the other. When constructed as here shown, the stock 10 is provided at the opposite ends of its recessed bed with lugs 15 and 16, adapted to engage notches 41 and 42, formed in the opposite ends of the sole-piece 40, whereby the proper adjustment of the sole-piece is accomplished.

The detachable sole-piece 40 is preferably constructed with its opposite edges in different forms, being shown as provided with a flat edge 43 and with a rounded edge 44,and either edge may be used to vary the shape of the spokeshave, as desired, by reversing the sole-piece.

Suitable means are provided for fastening the detachable sole-piece to the stock. In the form shown this sole-piece 40 has a screw-threaded shank 45 extending at right angles from the center of its inner face. This shank 45 may consist of a screw passed through the sole-piece or it may form a part of a bolt, the sole-piece 40 constituting the head thereof. This shank or bolt 45 extends through a perforation 18 in the stock 10, and the outer end thereof is engaged by a thumb-nut 46, which firmly clamps the sole-piece to the stock.

A blade 70, having a longitudinal slot 71 therein, is disposed in the recessed portion of the stock; 10, between it and the sole-piece 40. The bolt 43 of the sole-piece passes through the slot 71 before entering the perforation 18 of the stock, and the screwing down of the thumb-nut 46 thereon clamps the knife 70 firmly in position between the stock and the sole-piece. This blade 70 is provided at its opposite ends, near its top, with means for engaging the adjusting-screws 50 and 60, respectively. In the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2 these means consist of notches 72 and 73. In the form shown in Fig. 8 they consist of lateral lugs 74, which engage grooved or double heads 51 and 61 on the adjusting-screws. This blade may be adjusted at any desired height by simply turning the screws in the direction desired, and either end thereof may be independently raised or lowered to secure accuracy of adjustment by raising or lowering the screw connected therewith. Concave recesses 21 and 31, disposed substantially in a vertical plane and at right angles to the sole of the shave, are formed at the ends of the stock and extend through the adjacent portions of the handles 20 and 30, on the rear side of the latter. These recesses serve as finger-rests for the index-fingers when the shave is grasped in the hands and afford a better grip for the operator and a steadier working tool.

Either the means for adjusting the blade, the peculiar form of handles, or the detachable sole-piece may be applied to any adaptable form of spokeshave.

I claim as my invention —

1. A spokeshave having a detachable rear sole-piece serving as a clamp for the blade.

2. A spokeshave having a detachable reversible rear sole-piece.

3. A spokeshave having a reversible rear sole-piece provided with edges of different forms.

4. A spokeshave provided with a reversible rear sole-piece having edges of different forms, one of said edges being flat and the other rounded.

5. A spokeshave comprising a recessed stock, a blade adapted to fit in said recess, a reversible sole-piece also adapted to fit in said recess behind said blade, said stock being provided with means for engaging said sole-piece, and means for securing the blade and sole-piece to the stock.

6. A spokeshave comprising a stock provided with a recess at its back, a reversible sole-piece, adapted to fit in said recess, interlocking means on said stock and sole-piece, a blade disposed between said stock and sole-piece, and means for securing said sole-piece and blade to said stock.

7. A spokeshave comprising a stock provided vvith a recess at its back and lugs at opposite ends of said recess, a reversible sole-piece adapted to fit in said recess and provided with notches adapted to engage said lugs, a blade disposed between said sole-piece and stock, and means for securing said blade and sole-piece to said stock.

8. A spokeshave comprising a recessed stock having a perforation therein, a detachable rear sole-piece having a bolt attached thereto and adapted to extend through said perforation, a thumb-nut adapted to screw on said bolt and fasten the sole-piece in position, and a blade clamped between said sole-piece and stock.

9. In a spokeshave the combination of a stock provided with a blade-bed and with screvv-sockets adjacent to opposite ends of said bed, a blade provided with notches at its opposite ends, means for clamping said blade to said bed, and adjusting-screws disposed in said sockets and provided with heads engaging said lateral notches.

10. A spokeshave comprising, a stock and handles extending from opposite ends thereof, vertical concave recesses being formed at the ends of the stock and adjacent portions of the handles on the rear side of the latter, which recesses serve as rests for the index-fingers when the shave is grasped by the hands.

WALTER D. MURRAY.

Witnesses:
ALICE H. SULIVAN,
JOSEPH E. DANAHER.

No. 679,424 – Plane (Ludwig Kemline) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”553″]679424

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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LUDWIG KEMLINE, OF PINOLE, CALIFORNIA.

PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 679,424, dated July 30, 1901.
Application filed October 27, 1900. Serial No. 34,625. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LUDWIG KEMLINE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Pinole, in the county of Contra Costa and State of California, have invented a new and Improved Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a plane or other tool with a handle which may be adjusted transversely of the plane, so as to place the hand of the user in any position desired with respect to the transverse extent of the plane. By these means the operator may avoid bruising his hands or otherwise interfering with the work when it is of such character as will make it inconvenient to use the tool with the handle in the middle thereof.

This specification is the disclosure of one form of the invention, while the claims define the actual scope thereof.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in both views.

Figure 1 is a side view of the invention with parts in section, and Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

The plane is constructed in the usual manner, except that the body is formed with two transverse grooves a, which open at the upper side of the body and which are undercut, as shown. The cross-sectional form of the grooves a is immaterial so long as the opening at the top of the grooves is of less width than the opening below the top. The purpose of this is to hold in the grooves the blocks b in such a manner as to prevent the blocks from moving upward or transversely out of the grooves. These blocks are freely movable longitudinally of the grooves, however, and the handle c of the plane is attached to the blocks through the medium of a face-plate d and screws e, passing through the base-plate and into the blocks, as best shown in Fig. 2. The base-plate d is provided with transverse ribs d’, which fit in the upper sides of the grooves a, and serve to assist in holding the base-plate in position. The base-plate is preferably of metal and fastened to the handle c by screws or other devices, as shown.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. A plane or analogous tool having an undercut groove in the upper side thereof, said groove extending transversely of the plane, a block adjustably mounted in the groove, a handle, a base-plate on which the handle is mounted, and a fastening device extending between the base-plate and block to bind the block against the walls of the groove and adjustably hold the handle.

2. A plane or analogous tool having two undercut grooves formed in its upper side, said grooves extending transversely of the plane, a block adjustable in each groove, a base-plate extending from one groove to the other and having ribs fitting in the grooves, fastening devices extending between the block and the base-plate, and a handle fastened to the base-plate.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

LUDWIG KEMLINE.

Witnesses:
JAMES SILVAS,
A. McCULLOUGH.

No. 678,309 – Fence-Support For Carpenters’ Plows (Justus A. Traut) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”552″]678309

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

FENCE-SUPPORT FOR CARPENTERS’ PLOWS, &c.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 678,309, dated July 9, 1901.
Application filed Mar 6, 1901. Serial No. 50,015. (No model.)

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fence-Supports for Carpenters’ Plows, &c., of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in fence-supports for carpenters’ plows, beading and molding tools, etc.; and the object of my improvement is to furnish a support for the fence to assist the user in holding the tool in proper position relatively to the surface of the work.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of a combination beading and molding tool, plow, &c., with my fence-support applied thereto. Fig. 2 is an end view of the same; and Fig. 3 is a sectional side elevation of a portion of the same, the plane of section being indicated by the line x x, Fig. 1.

A designates the stock or main portion of the tool, having two laterally projecting fence-rods 4 4, upon which the fence 5 is supported and adjustably held in position thereon by means of the set-screws 6. The said stock also has secured therein the beading-tool 7. These parts are all old and well known, and therefore any further description thereof is deemed unnecessary. It is also apparent that the detail construction of the minor parts is immaterial to the present invention, and any other known tool-stock having laterally-extended fence-rods and a fence supported thereon may be substituted as a known equivalent for the said stock and its minor parts.

An expert workman by proper effort can and does keep the tool in such a position when working that the fence-rods will be parallel to the surface of the wood operated upon; but in order to enable him to do so with greater ease than heretofore and also to better enable one of less skill in use of the tool to hold the tool in proper level position I employ the fence-support 8. Although I have in accordance with the usual phrase entitled my invention as an “Improvement in fence-supports for plows, &c.,” I do not thereby wish to imply that a fence-support of any kind for such tools was ever before known or used.

The preferred form of my fence-support is that of a cam or snail-shaped device having a perforated hub or socket 9 of a size to fit one of the fence-rods 4, preferably the forward one, so that it may swing or partially turn thereon to vary the height of its under face relatively to the fence and also that it may slide on the said rod for changing its position laterally whenever the fence is adjusted laterally on the said rod. I provide the said hub or socket 9 with a set-screw 10 for holding the support in the desired adjusted position.

The operator may set the support at first so as to bring its lowest and gaging face as much above the lower end of the beading or cutting tool as the depth of the cut to be made, and thus insure the proper position of the tool at the nnish of the beading or other work, or he may first set the support with its lower edge at about the same height as the end of the tool and then change the support by adjusting its face downwardly as the work progresses. In case the support is not wanted it can readily be wholly removed, leaving the tool in its original position.

While the snail or cam form of support herein shown is the preferred one as the most convenient construction for perfecting the desired adjustments, this particular form is not always necessary, as it is only essential that the device, whatever it may be, shall be capable of lateral adjustment on the fence-rods and also of vertical adjustment of its supporting-face relatively to the said rod.

I claim as my invention —

The herein-described fence-support for carpenters’ tools of the class employing fence-rods and a fence, the said support consisting of a cam-shaped device having a socketed hub fitted to one of the fence-rods, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
ROBT. N. PECK.