Tag: 1862

No. 34,248 – Improvement In Plane Stocks (George Franklin Evans) (1862)

[paiddownloads id=”95″]34248

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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GEORGE F. EVANS, OF NORWAY, MAINE.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-STOCKS.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 34,248, dated January 28, 1862.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE F. EVANS, of Norway, in the county of Oxford and State of Maine, have invented a new and useful or Improved Plane; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specification, and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 denotes a side elevation; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section of my said plane prepared to operate upon a curved surface having a great degree of curvature; Fig. 3, a side elevation of such plane as prepared to plane on a surface having the slightest curvature; Fig. 4, a horizontal section of the plane, taken through the adjusting-screws and traversing nuts. Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the plane.

The object I had in view in making my invention was to supply a want which has long existed, viz: an instrument which would plane or smoothen any circular concave surface evenly and exactly.

The nature of my invention consists in an improved plane so constructed that its bearing surface or face may be readily adjusted to conform to circular surfaces of different degrees of curvature, whereby such circular parts may be as easily and smoothly planed as a plane surface can be by the ordinary straight-faced plane.

In the drawings, A denotes the stock or body of the plane, the same having a throat or shaving passage B formed vertically through it. In the said passage or throat the plane iron or cutter is secured by means of a wedge C and a cap-plate D in the ordinary manner. Instead of forming the lower face of the stock A as a straight or plane surface,I cause the same to be curved upward in manner as shown in the drawings.

To the lower face of the stock I fasten a flat steel plate E by means of two screws a a, and a bifurcated bar b, whose lower ends extend through the said plate and are riveted thereto, while its other end is secured by means of a screw to the rear part of the throat-passage.

Within the two ends of the stock A and extending longitudinally therein I form two chambers c c’ for reception of two screws G G’ and two traversing nuts H H’, the said screws being supported in stationary bearings d d’, arranged in each end of each of the said chambers c c’. Each of the screws G carries a traversing nut H of a rectangular shape, the said nut being jointed or pivoted at its lower edge with a connecting-rod I, whose lower end is in turnconnected or jointed to the plate E’, the length of the connecting-rods being suoh as to allow the plate E, when the nuts H H’ are at their greatest point of outward extension, to assume or stand in or nearly in a horizontal plane. The screws G or G’ have no longitudinal movement, but are free to revolve on their axes, so as to cause the nuts H H’ to traverse the whole length of their chambers c c’.

A plane constructed in the above-described improved manner can be readily adapted or adjusted to plane or reduce any circular concave piece of wood by simply turning the two screws G G’ in the proper direction.

Having described my invention, I claim —

My improved plane, having its body A, its bearing-plate E, its screws G G’, traversing nuts H H’, and connecting-rods I I, constructed and arranged in relation to each other and so as to operate together, as set forth.

GEORGE F. EVANS.

Witnesses:
LEVI WHITMAN,
RICHARD EVANS.

No. 35,719 – Improvement In Planes (Joseph Vendrand) (1862)

[paiddownloads id=”96″]35719

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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JOSEPH VENDRAND, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 35,719, dated June 24, 1862.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH VENDRAND, of Paris, in the Empire of France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.

All persons accustomed to the use of hand-planes are acquainted with the difficulty of properly adjusting the plane-iron in the stock in such a manner as to give the perfect parallelism which must exist between the face of the plane and the edge of the iron, and to secure the perfect nicety of adjustment of the projection of the edge beyond the face of the plane, which is necessary for fine work.

The improvements which I have invented and for which I desire to obtain a patent obviate perfectly the inconveniences above stated.

They consist in the construction and arrangement of parts, hereinafter described, by which an additional regulation is attained, so as to preserve the parallel position of the cutting-edge with reference to the face of the plane, while it is raised or lowered by the adjusting-screw to adapt it to cut the proper thickness of shaving, and also in the construction and arrangement of parts for securing the plane-iron in position.

The regulator by which the plane iron is adjusted to the proper depth of cut, which is operated simply by the hand, does not sensibly complicate the plane, and it permits the regulation of the projection of the iron to the utmost nicety that may be desired.

For the purpose of facilitating the operation of the plane for persons who are not much habituated to its management, I in some cases cut away the wood of each of its sides in such a manner as to produce grooves sufficiently deep to permit it to be easily grasped when the workmen desires to raise the tool or to direct it to his fancy with greater ease.

The accompanying drawings will give a clear idea of the nature ofthe invention.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a plane constructed with my improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section showing the parts toward the rear end of the plane from the line 1 2, the plane-iron and cap being removed to give an unobstructed view of other parts.

The iron A is controlled by the tenon a, which is a part of the nut B, sliding on the support C, by means ofthe screw V, which is operated by the milled head v. The tenon a fits into a mortise, It, which is made transversely in the iron A and of sufficient length to allow the necessary lateral adjustment of the upper end of the iron to bring the edge parallel with the face of the plane.

The iron, regulated by means of the screw V, is retained in the position given it by the movable stirrup E, which oscillates on an axis, e’, in the fixed support C. For that purpose the stirrup or frame E is separated or divided in the lower part into two branches, upon which two parallel ears, E’, are formed, which ears take hold of the flange of the nut a’, Fig.
4, which binds the iron and cap together.

The stirrup E is operated to secure the plane-iron to its seat by means of screw e, which passes through the socket or eye E2, and rests at its lower end upon the head of a screw sunk in the top of the plane. By turning the screw e down upon this support the eye E2 is raised and the ears E’ conseqnently forced back so as to draw the plane-iron and cap down firmly against the wood, which supports them and retains them securely in position. In adjusting the iron it may be proper to slightly loosen the screw e to allow the iron to be moved with greater ease. The adjustment is then made by means of the screw V to any desired exactness. The first adjustment to be made, however, upon inserting the plane-iron is to get the edge perfectly parallel with the face of the plane, which the mode of connecting the plane-iron to the adjusting-screw by the elongated mortise and tenon on the nut in which the adjusting-screw works enables the operator to do satisfactorily. This adjustment once made, the plane-iron may be moved up and down without disturbing the parallelism of the edge with the face ofthe plane.

When it is desired to remove the plane-iron, the screw e should be turned back about three revolutions, which will give the necessary play between the ears E’ and the nut a’ to allow such removal.

The improvements which I have described may be applied with equal advantage to planes of every size and to planes for working rabbets, moldings, and cavettos.

I am aware that planes have been constructed in which the cutting-iron has been adjusted by raising and lowering it through the agency of a screw, without any means of lateral adjustment to secure perfect parallelism between the edge of the cutter and the face of the plane. I am also aware that a patent was granted to Thomas D. Worrall, August 4, 1857, in which a flange is represented attached to the plane iron, upon which flange a lever, hung upon an axis near the top of the stock and operated by a screw from the rear, is intended to operate to secure the cutter in position. The arrangement of parts is, however, different from that I have described, and involves objections in practical use which my invention avoids. The attachment of the flange adds expense and complication to the plane, While in my invention the nut which secures the cap to the cutter also furnishes the means of grasping and securing it in position. The arrangement of the screw for fastening the plane-iron back of the lever upon which it operates to secure said iron, as in Worrall’s plane, is also objectionable, because it involves complication of parts, and because it brings the head of the screw in the way of the right hand of the workman when operating the plane. These objections are avoided by my invention.

I claim–

1. The combination, with the plane-iron A, provided with mortises R, as described, of the adjusting-screw V, sliding block B, and tenon a, the said tenon and mortise being relatively so constructed as to allow the iron sufheient lateral play to permit the perfect adjustment ofthe edge parallel to the face of the plane, as set forth.

2. The combination of the nut a, which secures the cap to the cutting-iron, with the lever E and ears E’ E’, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The arrangement of the lever E and screw e, as described — that is to say, in such a manner that the screw shall take its point of support upon the top of the plane and, extending up through the nut E2, terminate in a head for operating above the lever E, as set forth, instead of behind it, where it would be in the way of the operator.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.

J. VENDRAND.

Witnesses:
E. RICHARD,
GEO. HUTTON.