Tag: Mouth Adjustment

No. 917,915 – Bench-Plane (Willem H. J. Vander Toorn) (1909)

[paiddownloads id=”661″]917915

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLEM H. J. VANDER TOORN, OF FLUSHING, NETHERLANDS.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

917,915. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented April 13, 1909.
Application filed July 2, 1908. Serial No. 441,707.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLEM H. J . VANDER TOORN, a subject of the Queen of the Netherlands, residing at Flushing, Netherlands, have invented certain new and useful lmprovements in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the figures and letters of reference marked thereon.

The present invention relates to bench planes, the objects of the invention being to provide a plane of strong and simple construction conveniently having a stock of wood and embodying an improved form of adjustable fore sole and side guide, all as will be hereinafter described in detail and pointed out particularly in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a plane embodying the present improvement, the side guide being shown detached. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section on a central plane. Fig. 3 is a transverse section through the front end of the stock. Fig. 4 is a cross section in rear of the plane iron or bit with the side guide in place.

Similar letters of reference in the several figures indicate the same parts.

The stock A of the plane is preferably of hardwood and has the usual handle or tool B and slot a, for the plane iron or bit C. This bit while shown as a single bit may be of the usual double type, and is held in place by the wedge C’ or other ordinary or preferred securing means. In accordance with the present invention the cutting edge of the bit is equal in length to the width of the sole and as a most convenient construction to accomplish this end the sole A’ is narrower than the body of the stock, as shown clearly in Figs. 3 and 4.

The portion A2 of the sole forward of the bit is made separate from the stock and is adjustably mounted thereon in a diagonal plane in order to raise or lower the same and to simultaneously adjust the width of the mouth. Conveniently, the forward end of the stock is made with its under face at a slight inclination to the plane of the sole and the upper face of the adjustable fore sole is correspondingly inclined, the two surfaces forming guide ways along the line A3, which is only slightly inclined to the sole, whereby an exceedingly accurate adjustment of the level of the fore sole is possible. For retaining the adjustable fore sole in its adjusted position it is provided with side plates D embracing the stock and set screws d working in slots d’, also with a bolt E extending upwardly through a slot e in the stock and provided at its upper end with a thumb nut E’.

In rear of the bit a downwardly projecting side guide F is removably clamped to the side of the sole under the overhang of the stock, the preferred means for holding the side guide in place embodying a series of pins f in the side guide adapted to enter sockets f’ in the sides of the sole. A plate G held to the side of the stock by square headed screws g passing through L-shaped slots g’ is adapted when dropped down to the position shown in Fig. 4. to clamp the side guide in position. When the plate G is in its lowered position the screws rest in the extremities of the L-shaped slots, whereby any movement of the plate backwardly or upwardly will be prevented, and no accidental displacement of the side guide can occur while the plane is being used.

To guide shavings into the mouth, thin angle iron side plates H may be located on each side of the knife, care being taken that the lower edges of the plates never project below the bottom of the fore sole.

Certain advantages result from the construction of the sole and cutting edge of the bit of the same width and from making the fore end of the sole adjustable in level with respect to the rear end. Thus were the sole of greater width than the bit some part would be in position to rest on the high levels of the work and consequently the plane would be unstable or would make a cut of uneven depth but with the cutting edge of the bit of a length equal to the width of the sole, as herein set forth, the fore end will rest squarely on the work in front of the cut, the rear end will rest squarely on the work in the cut, and the depth of the cut is accurately determined by the difference in level of the two parts of the sole.

As the cutting edge does not project below the rear part of the sole it is not in contact with the work during reverse movement of the plane, nor is it liable to be injured by the bench or other surface on which the plane rests when not in use.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed, is:

1. A bench plane embodying a stock having a sole narrower than the body of the stock, the forward end of the sole being adjustable to different levels parallel with the plane of the rear portion and a bit having a cutting edge equal in length to the width of the sole.

2. A bench plane embodying a stock having a downwardly projecting sole and laterally projecting body, the portion of the sole forward of the mouth being adjustable longitudinally and vertically, means for clamping the fore end of the sole in adjusted position, and a bit having a cutting edge equal in length to the width of the sole.

3. A bench plane embodying a stock having a downwardly projecting sole and laterally projecting body, a bit of equal width to the sole, an edge guide removably secured to the side of the sole under the overhang of the body, and a vertically movable edge guide securing plate mounted on the side of the body.

4. A bench plane embodying a stock having a downwardly projecting sole and laterally projecting body, the end of the sole forward of the mouth being longitudinally and vertically adjustable, and an edge guide secured beneath the body and against the side of the sole in rear of the mouth.

WILLEM H. J. VANDER TOORN

Witnesses:
P. ROLDAUM
C. Y. FÉLIN

No. 818,472 – Plane (Henry B. Sargent) (1906)

[paiddownloads id=”630″]818472

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY B. SARGENT, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO SARGENT & COMPANY,
OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

818,472. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented April 24, 1906.
Application filed August 15, 1904. Serial No. 220,834.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY B. SARGENT, of the city and county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof, and in which —

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a plane embodying the invention; Fig. 2, a bottom view of the same; Fig. 3, an enlarged plan view; Figs. 4 and 5, longitudinal sectional views on line 4 4 of Fig. 3, the parts being shown in different positions , Figs. 6 and 7, top and side detail views, respectively, of the adjustable mouthpiece ; Fig. 8, a bottom detail view of the adjusting-cam, and Fig. 9 a transverse vertical section of the plane-bottom on line 9 9 of Fig. 3.

In all figures similar letters of reference represent like parts.

This invention relates to planes, and has for its object the production of a plane having a novel, simple, and efficient throat adjustment; and to this end it consists in the improvements and combinations of parts set forth and claimed hereinafter.

Referring to the drawings for a more particular description, the part designated by the letter A represents the plane-bottom, and B the side walls. C designates the throat, and D the frog or plane-iron seat. E designates the bit or plane-iron, and F the cap, with the cap-screw G. H is the cam-lever, I the lateral adjustment-lever, and K the adjusting-screw controlling the longitudinal adjusting-lever L. These parts may be of any suitable construction and are not part of my improvement.

As shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 5, the bottom of the plane is cut away in front of the throat for the reception of a slide or mouthpiece M. A circular perforation N is provided in the forward part of the plane-bottom with an inwardly-projecting flange O, Fig. 9. A disk P is adapted to fit in said perforation and rest on said flange and has on its under side a cam or circular depending protuberance Q, eccentric to the center of the disk. A finger-piece R projects from the periphery of the disk P, and through the center of the disk is a perforation S.

On the upper side of the slide or mouth-piece M are lugs T, distant from each other the length of the diameter of the cam Q, Figs. 4 and 5, while between them is an upwardly-projecting screw V, adapted to extend through the perforation S in the disk P for the reception of a clamping-nut W, which also forms the forward, knob of the plane. The perforation S in the disk P is considerably wider than the diameter of the screw V, so that the disk may have a limited movement about the screw without contact therewith.

The operation of the device is as follows: When it is desired to change the adjustment of the throat from the position shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, the clamping-nut W is slightly turned to loosen the disk P and slide M, and the disk P is turned the necessary distance by means of the finger-piece R. The cam then bears against the rear lug T on the slide M and pushes the slide rearward, as shown in Fig. 5. The slide M then contracts the throat C the desired amount, and the parts are secured by screwing the clampin-nut W down on the screw V, so that the sIide will be held against the under side of the forward end of the bottom A of the plane and the disk forced down on the flange O in the perforation N. To open the throat, it is only necessary to unscrew the nut W and loosen the parts to operate them in the reverse direction.

It will be seen that the cam depending from the disk engages the mouthpiece in an immediately adjacent plane, so that the operation is direct, and the coacting parts will be protected by the disk from dust, chips, or the like.

Having now described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a throat in the bottom thereof, a sliding mouthpiece for varying the size of said throat, a disk fitted in a circular seat to rotate on said stock and having a depending cam between said stock and said mouthpiece adapted to engage said mouthpiece to operate the same, and protected by said disk, and means for locking said mouthpiece.

2. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a throat in the bottom thereof, a sliding mouthpiece for varying the size of said throat, a disk fitted in a circular seat to rotate on said stock and having a depending cam between said stock and said mouthpiece adapted to engage projections on said mouth-piece in an immediately adjacent plane to operate the same, and protected by said disk, and means for locking said mouthpiece.

3. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a throat in the bottom thereof, a sliding mouthpiece for varying the size of said throat, a disk fitted in a circular seat to rotate on said stock and having a perforation and a depending cam between said stock and said mouthpiece adapted to engage integral projections on said mouthpiece in an immediately adjacent plane to operate the same, and protected by said disk, and means for locking said mouthpiece, including a screw-threaded post on said mouthpiece projecting through said perforation in said disk, and a nut on said post adapted to bind said disk on said stock to prevent movement thereof.

4. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a throat in the bottom thereof, a sliding mouthpiece for varying the size of said throat, a disk mounted on said stock and having a depending cam and a perforation, oppositely-disposed integral lugs on said mouthpiece adapted to be engaged by said cam, a screw-threaded post on said mouth-piece projecting through said perforation in said disk in which it is capable of lateral play, and a nut on said post adapted to bind said disk on said stock to prevent movement of said mouthpiece, the nut being arranged to overlap the wall surrounding the aperture of the disk.

5. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a throat in the bottom thereof, a sliding mouthpiece for varying the size of said throat, a disk fitted in a circular seat to rotate on said stock and having a depending cam between said stock and said mouthpiece adapted to engage integral projections on said mouthpiece in an immediately adjacent plane to operate the same and protected by said disk, a projecting finger-piece on the upper surface of the disk, and means for locking said mouthpiece from movement.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand on the 11th day of August, 1904.

HENRY B. SARGENT.

Witnesses:
L. F. BREESE,
WILLIAM A. RICE.

No. 591,662 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1897)

[paiddownloads id=”532″]591662

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 591,662, dated October 12, 1897.
Application filed July 6, 1897. Serial No. 643,617. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and it comprehends, essentially, a stock or body portion and a mouthpiece bodily adjustable on the stock.

In the form of the invention herein described the stock or body portion of the plane is constructed of wood, and the mouthpiece or plate is made of metal and is bodily adjustable on the stock or body portion in a direction transverse to the line of working movement of the plane, so that the sole of the latter can be dressed down to remove any unevenness in its surface from constant use and so that the mouthpiece or plate can be adjusted to compensate for the variation until its working face is flush with the sole or under surface of the plane-body.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan view of a smooth plane embodying my present improvements. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the plane with the cutter and its holding and operating parts removed. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the adjustable mouthpiece. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal central section of a fragment of the plane, showing the adjustable mouthpiece therein. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal central section of a plane, representing a modification of the mouthpiece; and Fig. 8 is a longitudinal central section of a fragment of the plane-body illustrated in Fig. 7.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

The stock or body of the plane represented in the fhawings is designated by B, and it is constructed, preferably, of wood. A metallic frame for carrying the usual cutter or plane-iron is designated by F, and is fastened near its opposite ends to the upper face of the stock B. The cutter or plane-iron is designated by C, and its clamping-lever by C’, and the operating mechanism for the cutter is designated by M, and as these parts are mounted in the usual manner in the loop or open portion 2 of the frame and are of common construction a detailed description thereof is deemed unnecessary.

My improved plane comprehends a stock or body portion and a mouthpiece bodily adjustable thereon, said mouthpiece consisting in the present instance of a plate adjustable in a direction transverse to the line of working movement of the plane.

The mouthpiece of the plane is designated by P, and it is represented consisting of a rectangular metallic plate set within a mortise or cavity 3, formed in the bottom or sole of the stock or body portion B. The mouthpiece or plate P has near its rear end the elongated mouth or slot 4, through which the cutter or plane-iron C may extend. The front and rear ends of the mouthpiece are beveled or inclined and fit against the similarly beveled or inclined walls 7 and 8 of the mortise, the latter being of a depth exceeding that of the mouthpiece P, as represented, respectively, in Figs. 2 and 6.

By reason of the construction just described the mouthpiece P can be set farther into the mortise 3 and its under face maintained flush with the sole or bottom surface 9 of the plane-body.

On an inspection of Fig. 6 it will be observed that the bevels or inclinations 5 and 6 on the front and rear ends, respectively, of the mouthpiece P correspond substantially with the inclination of the cutter or plane-iron C, so that if said mouthpiece be set in to a greater or less depth in the plane body or stock it will be adjusted in the direction of the length of the plane-iron and also of the stock or body portion, so as to maintain the proper working relation between the lower or cutting end of the said plane-iron and the mouth-piece.

The mouthpiece P is preferably held to the body portion by a screw passing through the body or stock B, the lower threaded end of which engages the internal threads 13 on the boss or hub 14, near the forward end of the mouthpiece. The screw extends through the slot or hole 15 in the frame F and the opening or aperture 16 in the body or stock B, a washer 17, serving its usual purpose, being placed between the screw-head 18 and the frame F. The opening 16 in the body portion B, which communicates with the mortise 3, is of different sizes or diameters, the wider or larger portion 19 being adapted to receive the internally-threaded boss 14 of the mouthpiece and its diameter exceeding that of the boss, so that as the mouthpiece is moved up or down in its mortise or recess in the body portion the holding-screw 10 can be properly seated in the boss without affecting the proper relation of the several parts, as will be apparent. For this purpose also the diameters of the reduced or narrower portion 20 of the aperature 16 and of the slot 15 in the cutter-carrying frame exceed that of the screw, so that the latter can be moved forward or backward in accordance with the adjustment of the mouthpiece.

It will be remembered that the mortise or recess 3 is preferably made deeper than the mouthpiece or plate P, and the mouthpiece or plate is provided with adjusting means adapted to bear against the roof of the mortise, said adjusting means consisting of a plurality of screws, as 21, disposed on the upper face of the mouthpiece, as shown in Fig. 4. The upper or slotted ends of the screws are adapted to bear against the roof of the mortise 3, so that the mouthpiece can be nicely fitted in its seat with its lower face true or flush with the sole of the plane.

In Fig. 2 the mouthpiece and the several cooperating parts are shown assembled in the plane-body. Let it be assumed that it is necessary to dress off the sole of the plane-body. In this event the plate-holding screw 10 is removed, so that the mouthpiece or plate P can be taken from its mortise or recess 3. The sole of the plane is then resurfaced. The several adjusting-screws are then driven slightly farther in their seats in the mouthpiece and the latter inserted in the mortise. If the lower face of the mouthpiece is flush with the sole, the holding-screw 10 will be inserted in place; if not, said mouthpice will be removed and the adjusting-screws will be driven farther into their seats, and this manipulation of the adjusting-screws will continue until the under face of the mouthpiece is alined with the sole; but it will be evident that it is but the work of a moment to properly adjust the mouthpiece. When the same is adjusted, the holding-screw 10 is placed in position.

In Figs. 7 and 8 I have illustrated a modified form of the invention wherein the adjusting-screws are dispensed with, the construction otherwise being similar to the preferred form. When it is desired to adjust the mouthpiece shown in Figs. 7 and 8, it is simply necessary to cut away the upper surface or roof of the mortise to correspond with the dressing off of the sole.

It will be observed on an inspection of Figs. 2 and 7 that the mouthpiece P constitutes also a clamping or resistance plate for assisting in holding the cutter-carrying frame in place on the stock, and the holding-screw 10, which is seated in said mouthpiece, also constitutes a part of the frame-securing means, as has been described.

By means of my present improvements the plane or under surface thereof may be readily repaired from time to time by the user, so as to maintain the implement in perfect working order for a long period of time, hence materially prolonging its life and reducing the cost of the tool proportionately to the amount of work done. At the same time the mouthpiece of the wood body being adjustable, as hereinbefore set forth, said mouthpiece is maintained in proper form relatively to the stock and to the cutter regardless of the extent to which the bottom or the sole of the plane may be cut away in resurfacing.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A plane comprising a stock having a mortise in its under side, the front and rear walls of which are beveled, said stock also having an aperture extending therefrom and communicating with the mortise; a mouthpiece having its ends beveled to conform to the walls of the mortise; screws carried by the mouthpiece and bearing against the roof of the mortise; and a holding-screw pressing through and of less diameter than the aperture in the stock and having its lower end in threaded engagement with the mouthpiece.

2. A plane comprising a stock having a mortise the front and rear walls of which are beveled, and also having an aperture extending entirely through the stock and communicating with the mortise, said aperture being of different sizes; a mouthpiece bodily adjustable in, and of less depth than, the mortise and furnished with a threaded boss or stud of a less diameter than the wider portion of said aperture, said mouthpiece having its opposite ends beveled to correspond with the beveled surface of the front and rear walls of the mortise; a series of screws threaded in the mouthpiece, the heads of the screws bearing against the roof of the mortise; and a holding-screw passing through the aperture in the stock from the upper side, and having its lower threaded end in engagement with said boss, the screw being of a less diameter than the narrower portion of the aperture through which it passes.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 556,835 – Carpenter’s Plane (George S. Smith) (1896)

[paiddownloads id=”527″]556835

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE S. SMITH, OF GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 556,835, dated March 24, 1896.
Application filed April 20, 1894. Serial No. 508,365. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE S. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Grand Rapids, in the county of Kent and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to an improved carpenter’s plane; and its object is to provide the same with certain new and useful features hereinafter more fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section, on the line 1 1 of Fig. 2, of a device embodying my invention 5 Fig. 2, a plan view of the same with the blade and wedge removed; Fig. 3, a vertical section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4, an inclined transverse section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 details showing openings to receive the adjusting-screw H.
Like letters refer to like parts in all of the figures.

A is the main frame of the plane, B the blade-supporting block, C the blade, D the wedge, E the adjusting-lever, and F the adjusting-screw, all being ot the usual construction.

In a suitable opening near the upper end of the blade-block B and laterally movable therein is a bar G, having a widened outer end, which is formed with lugs G’ to engage the sides of the blade and shift it laterally to square the edge of the same with the under surface of the plane. Said bar G is provided at its lower side with a screw-threaded concave surface engaging the side of a screw H. Said screw is provided with a milled head I and journaled in openings J’ J” in lugs J on the back of the block B. Said openings are elongated in the direction of the bar G, and one of the bearings of the screw H is reduced, and the corresponding opening J” is reduced at the lower end to engage this reduced bearing, whereby the screw is prevented from moving longitudinally.

The bar G is held in place in the block B by a screw K, the head of which screw overlaps said bar at one side for this purpose. By removing this screw K and bar G the screw H may be moved into the upper ends of the openings J’ J” and thence removed longitudinally, and when in place said screw is held by the engaging screw-threaded side of the bar G.

Within a suitable recess in the bottom of the plane and with its rear angle close to the cutting-edge of the blade C is a throat-slide L, having upwardly-projecting bosses L’, extending through elongated openings R. Screws P are inserted in said lugs, whereby the slide L is held in the recess and permitted to move longitudinally therein. A spring N is attached to a suitable yoke-frame M at its upper end and engages the slide L at its lower end to press said slide toward the blade C. A screw O engages said spring and a transverse rib Q, and serves to adjust the spring to determine the approach of the slide L to the blade C and thus adjust the opening or throat in front of said blade. Said block L, being movable and pressed toward the blade C by the spring, will yield to the shaving as it passes through the throat. It can therefore be adjusted very close to the blade and thus cause the tool to do very smooth work.

I am aware that a throat-block of somewhat similar construction to mine and capable of being adjusted to and from the blade has heretofore been patented, but said throat-block was not provided with a spring and was incapable of automatically yielding to the shavings, for which reason it did not prevent clogging of the throat.

I am also aware that an adjustable spring has been proposed to take the place of the sliding throat-block, which spring will of course yield to the shaving passing up through the month of the plane, but it will yield for a time only during the operation of the plane, as the space between its forward surface and the forward wall of the throat soon receives a sufficient quantity of shavings to force and hold the spring into contact with the cutter, thus not only preventing the spring from yielding, but entirely closing the exit for the shavings. By combining the sliding throat-block with a spring, which causes it automatically to yield to the quantity of shavings passing upward into the throat of the plane, said throat will not become choked and an open exit for the shavings is kept at all times, as will be readily seen.

What I claim is —

1. In a plane, the combination with the blade and its supporting-block, said block having elongated openings one of which has a reduced lower end, of a bar, laterally movable in said block, and engaged with said blade, an adjusting-screw for the bar and blade, said screw being seated in said openings in the block and having a reduced end corresponding with the reduction in the end of one of said openings, and a screw in said block, having its head overlapping one side of said bar and securing the same in place.

2. In a plane, the combination with the blade and its supporting-block, said block having an opening near its upper end and also having lugs formed with elongated openings, one of which latter has a reduced lower end, of a bar laterally movable in said block, said bar having a widened end formed with lugs engaging the sides of the blade, an adjusting-screw for the bar and blade, said screw being seated in the openings in the lugs of the block and having a reduced end corresponding with the reduction in the end of one of said openings, and a screw in said block having its head overlapping one side of said bar and securing the same in place.

3. In a plane, the body, having a recess in its under side adjacent to its throat, and also having an elongated opening, an upwardly-projecting rib and a yoke-frame, in combination with a movable throat-block in said recess, having an end extending upward into the throat of the plane and a boss extending through said elongated opening, a screw engaging said boss, a spring secured at its upper end to said yoke-frame and having its lower end engaged with the upturned end of said throat-block, and an adjusting-screw engaging said rib and spring, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, the body having a recess in its under side adjacent to its throat, in combination with a sliding throat-block within said recess, said block having an upturned part, and a spring engaging said upturned part of the throat-block and causing the latter automatically to adjust itself to the quantity of the shavings passing upward into the throat of the plane, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE S. SMITH.

Witnesses:
LUTHER V. MOULTON,
LOIS MOULTON.

No. 518,521 – Carpenter’s Plane (William E. Crompton) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”506″]518521

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM E. CROMPTON, OF PARK CITY, UTAH TERRITORY.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 518,521, dated April 17, 1894.
Application filed July 14, 1893. Serial No. 480,526. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. CROMPTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Park City, in the county of Summit and Territory of Utah, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to beafull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in planes, and especially to improvements in rabbet planes, and it consists of certain novel features hereinafter described and claimed.

The ordinary rabbet plane cuts a shaving somewhat wider than the plane, and this jams in the sides of the plane, rendering it necessary to stop to remove the same, and causing the inconvenience in working well known to persons skilled in the art. I have discovered that by splitting the shaving longitudinally, or rather by cutting a longitudinal slit in the wood before the shaving is pared oif by the bit, this inconvenience is almost entirely obviated.

My invention will be understood by reference tot he acccompanying drawings, in which the same parts are indicated by the same letters throughout the several views.

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of an ordinary form of rabbet plane along the line x’ x’ of Fig. 2, and illustrates the application of my improvement. Fig. 2 represents an inverted plan view of the plane shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 represents an enlarged section along the line x x of Fig. 1, and looking down.

A represents the bottom plate or base of the plane provided with rear handle, sides B, bit C, and the other attachments commonly found in planes. The bottom plate A is slotted as at afor the passage therethrough of the bit C and of the shaving, and is also slotted at a’ to allow the passage of the knife D. The sides B are open as at b to allow the passage of the sides of the shaving.

The knife D is provided with a shoulder d resting on the tip of the spring E which is secured beneath the front handle F, and held in place by the screw G. This knife D is secured in a guide lug K, which lug is rigidly attached to the cross piece H between the sides B of the plane. A screw L is either set in or made integral with the said lug K, and on this screw the thumb wheel M is mounted, having a flange adapted to engage the upper end of the said knife D. It will be seen if the the said thumb wheel M be screwed down, that the knife D will be projected through the bottom of the plane, and that by means of the spring E, and the thumb wheel M, the knife D may be adjusted to the desired position.

The operation of the device is as follows: — The knife D and bit G being projected the required amount, which can only be determined by experiment, the plane is operated in the usual way. The knife D preceding the bit C, splits the surface of the wood in front of the said bit, and then these split parts readily slip or bend over one another, allowing the shaving to pass between the sides of the plane without jamming.

While this invention is particularly applicable to rabbet planes, it will be obvious that it may be used in connection with any of the planes ordinarily in use. In all of such planes, there is a tendency for the shaving to stick in the plane, and this is obviated by the device as already described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is —

1. In a plane, the combination with a bit of a splitting knife D adjustably mounted in front of said bit, a spring E normally supporting said knife, a guide lug K inclosing the rear sides of said knife, a screw L attached to said lug, and a thumb wheel M adapted to bear on the upper part of said knife, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. In a plane the combination with the bottom piece A slotted as at a and a’, the rear handle, the front handle F, and screw G, the bit C, the knife D, the spring E, the guide lug K, screw L and thumb wheel M, substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM E. CROMPTON.

Witnesses:
BISMARCK SNYDER,
WILSON I. SNYDER.

No. 515,063 – Plane (Justus A. Traut And Christian Bodmer) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”502″]515063

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND CHRISTIAN BODMER, OF NEW BRITAIN,
CONNECTICUT; SAID BODMER ASSIGNOR TO SAID TRAUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 515,063, dated February 20, 1894.
Application filed August 9, 1893. Serial No. 482,771. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and CHRISTIAN BODMER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to adjustable-mouth planes, the object being to furnish means for adjusting the mouth-slide and for holding the same in place.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan view of a portion of a plane furnished with our present improvements. Fig. 2 is a sectional side view of the plane. Figs. 3 and 4 are views similar to Figs. 1 and 2, respectively, for illustrating the mode of operation of the improvement. Fig. 5 is a view-similar to Fig. 1, showing a modification of the improvement. Fig. 6 is a sectional side view of a portion of the same. Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing another modiication.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the letter B designates the forward portion of an ordinary iron smoothing-plane of the class which are usually provided with a mouth-slide, also sometimes designated as an “adjustable front,” for regulating the width of the mouth 2, of the plane. The usual plane-iron or cutter is shown in place at 3, held under the forward end of the ordinary clamp, 4, in a well known manner.

The mouth-slide designated by 5, is shown provided with a stud, 6, preferably rigidly fixed therein as indicated in Figs. 2 and 4. Said stud 6 extends upward through the forward end, 7, of the plane-frame, and is provided on its threaded upper end with a clamping nut, 8, whereby to hold the mouth-slide in place.

According to our present improvements, the plane is furnished with a mouth-slide actuator, designated in a general way by D, and whose principal portion constitutes an adjustable block or thrust member, designated by 9, intermediate to some part of the mouth-slide and a suitable fixed stop-abutment, as, for instance, the pin 10, on the plane-frame. In the preferred form thereof shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, said actuator consists, essentially, of an eccentric disk 9; this is shown provided with a loop or outer bar, 11, bearing against the opposite side of the aforesaid abutment-pin 10, as clearly shown in said figures. By turning the actuator D toward the right-hand or left-hand, as for instance from the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to that shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the mouth-slide will be moved, in the present instance toward the right-hand for widening the open space, 2′ , between said slide and the cutter 3, as will be seen by comparison of said figures of the drawings. The actuator D, being set on the plane-frame underneath the clamp-nut 8, is thereby rigidly held in place when said nut is screwed down for holding the mouth-slide.

The actuator D is shown pivotally supported on the stud 6 of the month-slide 5, so that in connection with the actuator slot 12, and the abutment-pin 10, said actuator holds the mouth-slide positively against movement in either direction; said abutment-pin fitting closely but freely within said slot, and the forward and rearward sides of said pin constituting oppositely-disposed stop-abutments.

In Figs. 5 and 6 we have shown a modification of the invention, in which the actuator, here designated by D’, consists of an eccentric disk 9’, which fits on the clamp-screw 8’, and works between the forward and rearward abutrnents 14 and 15, of the plane-frame (see Fig. 6) so as to control the position of the mouth-slide in substantially the same manner as described in connection with Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive. Said disk 9′ is shown furnished with a knurled rim 16, whereby the operator may conveniently turn the actuator for adjusting the mouth-slide.

In Fig. 7 there is shown a further modification of the improvement, in which the actuator D” consists of a flat lever 17, fitted over the stud 6, (this being the same as the one shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive) and having a pin or stud, 18, fitting in an eccentric groove, 19, between the forward and rearward abutments 20 and 21, formed on the plane-frame and corresponding to those shown in Figs. 5 and 6 and also (in reverse order) to the forward and rearward sides of the abutment-pin 10 shown in Figs.1, 2, 3 and 4. In Fig. 7, the clamp-nut is omitted for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the other features; but it is or may be the same as the one shown in Figs. 2 and 4. In Figs. 5 and 6, the clamp-screw 22 is shown formed integral with the head 8’, and in working engagement with the corresponding internal thread of the mouth-slide, as will be understood from Fig. 6.

Having thus described our invention, we claim —

1. In a plane, in combination, aplane frame having a stop-abutment upon the upper face thereof, a mouth-slide having a fixed stem, vertical thereto, an independently operable mouth-slide actuator supported upon the upper face of the plane-frame and engaging the stem and stop-abutment so as to rotate about said stem and against said abutment, and means for clamping said actuator against the plane-frame, substantially as described.

2. In a plane, in combination, the plane-frame having an abutment or stop upon the upper face thereof, a mouth-slide, a stern fixed at one end to the mouth-slide and having a clamp-nut adjustably secured to its opposite end, an independently operable eccentric loosely carried by the stem intermediate to the upper face of the frame and the clamp-nut and in engagement with the abutment, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
CHRISTIAN BODMER.

Witnesses:
G. W. TRAUT,
H. C. HINE.

No. 502,906 – Plane (Louis Hardt) (1893)

[paiddownloads id=”491″]502906

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LOUIS HARDT, OF YUBA CITY, CALIFORNIA.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 502,906, dated August 8, 1893.
Application filed November 3, 1892. Serial No. 450,873. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS HARDT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Yuba City, Sutter county, State of California, have invented an Improvement in Planes; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to planes and it consists, broadly, in a stock the sole of which in advance of the main body portion and the bit iron is vertically and longitudinally adjustable with respect to the main body portion and bit iron, the adjustment in one direction causing the adjustment in the other direction whereby the depth of the cut and capacity of the throat are simultaneously increased.

The main object of my invention is to provide for an adjustable exposure of the cutting edge of the bit-iron without changing the position of the iron.

Another object is, by the peculiar adjustable front piece, to not only regulate the exposure of the cutting edge of the bit-iron, but also to vary the capacity of the throat.

The accomplishment of these objects results in providing a plane easily set to the different kinds of work, said plane having a perfect bearing surface or guide behind the knife, whereby it cuts true and smooth.

Referring to the accompanying drawings for a more complete explanation of my invention, — Figure 1 is a longitudinal, vertical section of my plane. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse seetion on the line x–x of Fig. 1.

A is the flat-soled stock of the plane having the usual handle or toat B. In the stock is made the bed a in which is seated the bit-iron C held to place by the usual wedge D.

E is my movable or adjustable front piece of the stock. This is secured to the front of the stock in such a manner that it can move to and be fixed at diiferent heights, thereby exposing to a greater or less extent the cutting edge of the iron C. This front piece E forms the base or sole of the front portion of the stock, and it is obvious than when its sole is in line with the sole of the stock there is a perfectly smooth under surface throughout the length of the stock, and the cutting edge of the iron may come down to the plane of this surface, in which case it will not cut at all; but by moving the front piece E to a higher plane the cutting edge of the iron will be exposed, and by starting the plane at the end of the board it will cut a shaving equal in thickness to the exposure of said cutting edge, due to the elevation of the front piece E; or by starting the plane in the middle of the board and pressing down upon its forward edge, the cutting edge of the iron may catch a thin shaving and so start the necessary abutment or ridge behind which the iron may work forwardly, to plane the surface of the board. It is obvious that this movement of the piece E to different heights may be accomplished vertically, if desired. But I prefer, mainly for two reasons, namely, the accurate adjustment of the piece, and the varying of the capacity of the throat, to effect the imovement of the adjustable piece E upon an inclined plane, so that it moves both vertically and forwardly. To this end it will be seen that the top edge of the front piece E is inclined and fits under a corresponding incline on the undercut front of the stock in suitable guides therein, as shown in Fig. 2, so that its upward and forward movement is accurate. To hold this front piece in place and set it where adjusted, I have the following connections:

F is a vertical bolt passing down through an elongated slot a’ in the front portion of the stock and entering the piece E, its lower end engaging a nut f countersunk in said piece. The upper end of this bolt is provided with the head, furnishing a hand-hold G. By loosening this bolt the front piece E may be moved forwardly on its inclined plane, the bolt F moving in the slot a’; and it may be again tightened to hold the base E in the position desired.

In order to firmly secure the piece E, which on account of its inclined character, would be difficult with the bolt F alone, I have the horizontal stay bolt H which passes through an enlarged opening e in the movable front piece E, and enters the front of the stock A where it engages a countersunk nut h in said portion of the stock. This bolt has a head h’ whereby it may be easily operated. When bolt H is loosened the piece E may be moved. It will now be seen that by moving the front piece E forwardly and upwardly, its rear end will not only expose the cutting edge of the bit-iron C, but will also enlarge the throat. In a plane of this construction, there is no necessity for changing the position of the iron at all; but in case it be desired to reach hollow places the iron can be set out in the usual manner. For the planing of ordinary surfaces, however, the iron remains stationary and its set is effected by the adjustment of the front piece E. This plane has, therefore, a full and complete smooth bearing on the base or sole of its stock behind the iron, at all times, instead of as is usual, the formation of a hollow place behind a projecting iron, which has a tendency to produce a rocking of the stock.

In my plane a start can be made without resulting in a notch or imperfect place, and the set of the iron may be rapidly and accurately had by holding the plane at the end of the board and setting the front piece up to expose the required portion of the iron.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, a stock the sole of which in advance of the main-body-portion and the bit-iron is vertically and longitudinally adjustable with respect to the main body-portion and bit-iron the adjustment in one direction causing the adjustment in the other direction, whereby the depth of the cut and capacity of the throat are simultaneously increased, substantially as herein described.

2. In a plane, a flat-soled stock having its forward end undercut on an upward incline in combination with a movable front piece forming the sole of the stock having a downward inclined upper surface in advance of the bit-iron, said piece having a downward inclined upper surface fitted under the inclined front of the stock, whereby it may move forwardly and upwardly to increase the exposure of the cutting edge of the iron and the capacity of the throat, substantially as herein described.

3. In a plane, a flat-soled stock having its forward end undercut on an upward incline, in combination with a movable front piece forming the sole of the stock in advance of the bit-iron, said piece having a downward inclined upper surface fitted under the inclined front of the stock whereby it may move forwardly and upwardly to increase the exposure of the cutting edge of the iron and the capacity of the throat, and suitable bolts connecting said front piece to the front of the stock, substantially as herein described.

4. In a plane, the combination of the flat-soled stock with its upward inclined undercut front, the fiat-soled movable front piece E of the stock having a downward inclined upper surface fitted to the inclined undercut front, and the securing bolt F fitted to said piece and movable in the front of the stock whereby the depth of the cut and the capacity of the throat are simultaneously increased, substantially as herein described.

5. In a plane, the combination of a flat sole stock with its upward inclined undercut front, the fiat sole movable front piece E of the stock having a downward inclined upper surface fitted to the undercut front the securing bolt F fitted to said piece and movable in the front of the stock, and the horizontal stay bolt F fitted to the front of the stock and piece E, whereby the depth of the cut and the capacity of the throat may be simultaneously increased, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

LOUIS HARDT.

Witnesses:
H. A. SCHULTZE,
WM. F. BOOTH.

No. 464,701 – Plane Attachment (George H. Melendy) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”480″]464701

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE H. MELENDY, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA,
ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO BENNETT BROTHERS, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE ATTACHMENT.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 464,701, dated December 8, 1891.
Application filed January 14, 1891. Serial No. 377,761. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE H. MELENDY, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented an Improvement in Plane Attachments; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to an attachment for planes such as are in use by carpenters and others; and it consists, essentially, of means for adjusting and compensating the throat to the wear which takes place upon the bottom face of the plane by constant use, and in certain details of construction.

Referring to the accompanying drawings for a more complete explanation of my invention, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section taken through the front of the plane showing the adjustment thereof. Fig. 2 is a view showing the throat-adjusting block removed. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the front end of my plane.

A is the body of the plane having the handle B and the open throat C within which the plane-iron is fixed in any usual or suitable manner. When these plane~bodies are made of wood, they are subjected to considerable wear by reason of the friction of the lower face with the surface over which they are moved and which the plane-iron is intended to cut and dress, and as this wear takes place the throat for the escape of the shavings loses its proper proportion, thus necessitating some adjustment if the plane is to have any further use. In my invention I have shown the throat having an inclined chamber D made in the forward portion of it by inserting a piece E, a portion of the under surface of which is inclined and projects into the throat and forms the top wall of the inclined chamber, this chamber inclining into the forward portion of the body A. This piece E, which forms the chamber D, is designed to protect the adjustable block F and moving parts from dust or shavings, and it is important for the reason that without it they would become choked and clogged. Within this chamber below the block E is fitted a block F, the front portion of which rests upon the front portion of the incline in the chamber D, and the rear portion is made with two faces G and G’, meeting each other at an angle, as shown, the face G’ being approximately vertical when the plane is in its ordinary position. Through the upper portion of this block slots are made and screws H serve to fix it at any desired point.

When by considerable use the plane has been worn down, it will be manifest that by reason of the inclined rear face of the opening C upon which the plane-iron is supported the throat will become enlarged and will not be in proper shape for the best work. When this occurs, the screws or fastening of the movable throat-piece are loosened, and this piece is allowed to move downward, sliding upon the inclined surface of the front of the chamber, and this forces the surface G’ of the movable block nearer to the edge of the plane-iron. The block is moved downward until the throat is made of the proper size, when it is again secured in place. The lower end of the block which would be projected beyond the surface of the plane by this movement is cut off so that it is again flush with the surface of the plane. By this device the throat of the plane may be adjusted and retained at the proper size until the plane is entirely worn out. In connection with this device I have shown the inserted block I, having a rounded or convex surface, fitted into a channel or groove of semicircular form in cross-section, which is formed vertically in the front end of the plane. This block is secured in the channel with the grain of the wood extending vertically, so that the end grain is exposed at the bottom and flush with the surface of the plane. The object of this is to equalize the wear upon the plane, as it is well known that the front end of the plane which is first pushed over the rough surfaces of the work to be planed is worn and rounded off more rapidly than the other portions which are situated behind the plane-iron, and by reason of this hard inserted piece and the fact that the wear comes upon the end of the grain the wear will be equalized and the plane kept in proper condition much longer.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane having a plane-iron and a throat, a piece E, let into the throat so as to form an inclined chamber, an adjustable block in said chamber below the piece E, and screws passing through and adjustably securing the block, substantially as herein described.

2. In a plane, the body thereof having its front end formed with a vertical groove semi-circular in cross-section, and a piece having a convex rear surface fitting the groove so that its lower end is flush with the bottom of the plane, said inserted piece having its grain at right angles with the grain of the body, whereby it presents an end grain surface at the bottom to equalize the wear upon the plane, substantially as herein described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

GEORGE H. MELENDY

Witnesses:
A. B. MERRILL,
J. W. RICHARDS.

No. 439,061 – Bench-Plane (Jerome E. Greene) (1890)

[paiddownloads id=”467″]439061

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JEROME E. GREENE, OF TOCCOA, GEORGIA, ASSIGNOR
OF ONE-THIRD TO JOHN McJUNKIN, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 439,061, dated October 21, 1890.
Application filed November 30, 1889. Serial No. 332,142. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JEROME E. GREENE, a resident of Toccoa, in the county of Habersham and State of Georgia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Roller Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.

The object of my invention is to improve the efficiency of bench-planes and to provide simple and durable devices for adjusting and holding the bit, that can be quickly and conveniently operated; and it consists in the matters hereinafter described and pointed out.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section on line a b. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a roller, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a detail. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a corrugated roller. Fig. 5 is a partial section on line c d of Fig. 1, and Fig. 6 is a partial longitudinal section near one side of the plane.

The body of the plane is preferably made of metal having the side and bottom cast in one piece.

A cross-piece 1, situated just behind the location for the bit, may be cast with the other parts, and also two wedge-shaped pieces 2, one on each side. A handle, which may be secured to the body in any convenient manner, is denoted by 3.
In the present instance the handle is provided in its lower end with an undercut recess, which engages a suitable lug on the plane-body and is then fastened in such position by a screw, as indicated in Fig. 1. A bit is indicated by 4. It is placed on the inclined front side of the support 1 and beneath the side parts 2. The latter at their lower extremities are reduced to a thin edge and receive above them a cap or plate 5, which is conveniently secured to the parts 2 by screws. The part 1 strengthens the plane-body. It also supports the bit at its lower part in a horizontal direction, the slipping of the bit in an approximately vertical direction being prevented by a locking or clamping device which forces the bit against suitable bearings. The spring 5 is made sufficiently strong to force the lower end of the bit upon said support 1.

The bit is locked in any desired position by means of an eccentric 6, journaled in any suitable manner, as by securing-bones 7, having bearings for a rod, bar, or pin 8 to the sides of the plane-body. These bearings are open on the side toward the bit, as indicated in in Fig. 1, and permit the rod 8 with the cam to be inserted or removed when desired by suitably turning them and taking out the bit, if necessary. A handle 9 affords means for suitably moving the eccentric, the bit being released by raising the handle, and gripped or locked by lowering it.

The cap 5 can be made of spring metal, and being prolonged beyond the bearings 2 and bent down upon the bit, as shown, will produce a spring-pressure upon the same. To relieve this tension, the spring-plate is released by loosening its retaining-screws.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, the cap is in close contact with its supports 2 throughout the entire length of the latter. It is obvious that if the cap is of suitable curved form and the compression applied by means of the screws is just sumcient to bend it down upon supports 2 they will appear as represented in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 6 an enlarged view is shown, indicating a small space between the cap and support, which could not be well indicated in Fig. 1. The cap at its lower end has a knife-edge, it being essential that it have a closely-fitted bearing on the bit. By the described construction the fastening together of a bit and its cap in manner heretofore practiced is avoided and the bit can be independently removed or inserted in the plane, and the adjustment of the bit to the cap requires no special attention, for the reason that the cap is permanently fixed in its proper position and the proper adjustment of the bit with reference to the bottom of the plane necessarily secures a suitable adjustment with respect to the cap.

In front of the bit is arranged a roller 10, which is preferably corrugated and is provided with circumferential shoulders 11, forming recesses adapting it to receive springs and be supported thereby. These springs are secured to the body of the plane — one near each side — in any convenient manner, as by screws 13, and a block or saddle 14, having bearings 15, rests upon the reduced ends of the roller immediately above the springs, and the roller is thus sustained between the springs and the bearing-blocks. It can be adjusted vertically to the extent of the resiliency of the springs by means of the screw 16, working through a cross-bar 17 secured in the side of the plane. By running the screw 16 up or down the vertical position of the roller is varied and also its distance from the bit. The bit can in this manner be set according to the nature of the wood or material upon which it is used and the kind of work to be done.

I am aware that rollers have been used in connection with plane-bits, and also devices for adjusting the bit and clamping it from the rear side thereof, and I do not broadly claim such features. I have, however, simplified prior constructions and added to the efficiency of the tool. It will be noted that parts 1 and 2 are cast solid with the body of the plane, and that the spring-plate bears upon the bit at both ends against the action of a simple cam, which latter is so arranged and supported that it is held in its bearings by the bit and can readily be inserted or removed by removing said bit. The structure is quite simple and the parts easily assembled and regulated, and the bit is held very securely. The roller, supported on horizontal springs in or very close to the lower face of the plane, is adapted to bear on the object being planed. The grooves or recesses forming shoulders at the ends of the rollers receive these springs, which lie in a horizontal direction just above the bottom of the plane. The bearing-block 14 rests in the same recesses and embraces the reduced ends of the roller in manner to prevent lateral displacement holding the roller adjustable against the action of the springs.

Having thus described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination of the transverse part 1, having a rearwardly-inclined front, the wedge-shaped side parts 2, said parts 1 and 2 being cast solid with the body of the plane, with the bit and the eccentric having journals supported in boxes 7, fixed to the sides of the plane, adapted to press the bit against the bottom of the side pieces, substantially as set forth.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination ofthe transverse part 1, having the inclined front, the wedge-shaped side pieces 2, the bit, the cap fixed upon said side pieces and pressing upon the bit at both its ends, and the eccentric having journals supported in boxes 7, fixed to the sides of the plane, with a handle adapted to press the bit against the bottom of the side pieces and against the cap, substantially as set forth.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination of the bit with a roller, springs secured in the bottom of the plane for supporting the said roller near the edge of the bit, and means for pressing the roller upon its spring-supports, substantially as set forth.

4. In a bench-plane, the combination of the bit, the recessed roller, springs extending into the recesses to support the roller, bearing-blocks resting in said recesses upon the upper side of said roller, and an adjusting-screw for varying the pressure of the bearing-blocks upon the roller, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JEROME E. GREENE.

Witnesses:
JOHN McJUNKIN,
E. P. SIMPSON.

No. 426,806 – Plane (Edmund P. Hann) (1890)

[paiddownloads id=”463″]426806

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDMUND P. HANN, OF PORTLAND, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR OF
ONE-HALF TO WILLIAM S. BAKER, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 426,806, dated April 29, 1890.
Application filed December 14, 1889. Serial No. 333,744. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND P. HANN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Portland, in the county of Jay and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention has relation to an improvement in planes; and it has for its object to provide means whereby the cut may be regulated without moving the bit and without the employment of springs and levers or other like objectionable devices.

The invention will be fully understood from the following description and claims, when taken in connection with the annexed drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a plane constructed according to my invention, and Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the follower removed from the stock.

Referring to said drawings by letter, A indicates the stock, which may be mainly of any ordinary or approved construction and provided with a suitable handle B. The forward portion of the stock and in advance of the throat thereof is provided with a chamber, which is inclosed by the longitudinal side plates or walls of the stock, and also the forward transverse wall thereof. The body of the stock is provided at its forward end with a beveled seat a to seat the bit and the iron for securing the same in position.

The bit C is provided with the usual elongated slot b for adjusting the same; but, as will presently appear, such slot is only needed at first placing the bit after it has been removed for repairs or the replacement of a new one.

Secured transversely in advance of the throat d and to the side walls of the stock is a cross bar or block D, which is provided with an aperture e and serves as a bearing for one end of a cam-shaft, as will be presently explained. The forward transverse end wall f of the stock is also provided at a corresponding point with a similar aperture g to receive the forward or opposite end of said cam-shaft.

E indicates what I shall denominate the “follower.” This follower is provided with a truly planed engaging-face corresponding with the engaging-face of the main body of the stock and is arranged in the chamber or recess F. This follower may consist of a block, as shown, having a longitudinal recess in its upper face, as N, to receive the cam-shaft G, and across the opposite ends of this recess are strips i, which may be of metal or other suitable material. These strips are designed to furnish bearings for the cam-shaft, and the recess is preferably covered by a plate H or the like.

G indicates the cam-shaft. This shaft, which is designed to raise and lower the follower, has its opposite ends extended therefrom, as shown at l, and bear, respectively, in the aperture of the cross-bar D and the aperture in the forward transverse wall of the stock. These journal ends being arranged at corresponding points and eccentrically on the opposite ends of the shaft G, it will be seen that by simply turning the shaft the follower may be raised or lowered, as desired. By arranging the cam-shaft horizontally and causing it to exert its force transversely the follower can be raised or lowered evenly at all points by a single cam and without having to place any objectionable lugs or other attachments on the top or bottom of the plane-stock, and it also permits of a hand-wheel or other means of rotating it being placed on the forward end of the stock out of the way. The forward end of this shaft is provided with a small hand-wheel I for turning the same and manipulating the follower.

In operation it will be seen that when the bit has been set with respect to the lower face of the main body of the stock and it is desirable to get a cut of less depth it is simply necessary to turn the cam-shaft by the hand-wheel until the follower has been lowered to the desired point. To increase the depth of the cut the operation is simply reversed.

With a plane of this character it will be seen that there is little or no chance for lateral deviation of the cutter, as when once set it remains so, as the adjusting of the cut is performed by the follower and the manipulating cam-shaft.

While I have described minutely the parts in the exact construction and combination as illustrated, yet I do not wish to be understood as confining myself to such, as it is obvious that the object in view might be arrived at by other devices such as would suggest themselves to a skilled mechanic. It is necessary, however, that a cam and also a follower be used.

Having described my invention, what I claim is —

1. A plane having a practically fixed bit, in combination with a follower arranged in advance thereof and a rotatable cam-shaft having its axis arranged horizontally and exerting its pressure transversely thereto for raising and lowering said follower, substantially as specified.

2. The combination, with a stock having a I chamber in advance of the throat, a cam-shaft jonrnaled therein and adapted to exert pressure transversely to its axis of rotation, and carrying a hand-wheel on one end, of a follower suspended on said shaft and adapted to be raised and lowered thereby, substantially as specified.

3. The combination, with the stock, of the vertically-movable follower, the cam-shaft bearing in said follower, and bearings in the stock for receiving the opposite ends of the shaft, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EDMUND P. HANN.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM S. BAKER,
DAVID V. BAKER.

No. 420,386 – Wood-Plane (Carl Julius Jacobsen) (1890)

[paiddownloads id=”459″]420386

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CARL JULIUS JACOBSEN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

WOOD-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 420,386, dated January 28, 1890.
Application filed May 13, 1889. Serial No. 310,562. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL JULIUS JACOBSEN, a citizen of Norway, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wood-Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention consists of an improved adjustable throat to compensate for the widening of the throat by wear; also, of an improved construction for the escape of the shavings and arrangement of the clamp-stay for confining the plane-bit clamp, and also of an improved adjustable stop for gaging the adjustment of the bit when replaced after sharpening, as hereinafter fully described, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is longitudinal section of a portion of a plane constructed according to my improvements, the section being taken on line an x x Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same with the clamp and the plane-bit omitted. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the plane-stock, showing the arrangement of the clamp-stay in a stock not having the metallic top housing; and Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line y y of Fig. 2.

The improvement in the throat consists of the metallic plate a, clamped onto the wall b in front of the throat c by the bolt d, extending forward through the stock e and said plate, and also through the nut f in the recess g of the throat-plate, into which nut said bolt screws by turning it by the head, the nut being held in the recess g so as not to turn, and the said plate having the lower edge h dressed to the plane of the bottom of the plane-stock, so that as the bottom of the plane-stock wears away in use and the throat-opening of the stock widens between the sloping sides of the front and back the plate may be packed out toward the edge of the plane-bit i from time to time by liners j of thin material.

The hole through the plate a for the bolt d is elongated somewhat vertically to allow the plate to shift upward as the bottom of the stock wears faster than the foot of the plate. Said foot is made a little wider than the rest above to insure clearance of the shaving from the projecting nut and end of the rod above, and also to provide a suitable breadth of the surface of the foot having contact with the work. I make the opening from the throat upward to receive the plane-bit i and clamp w and for the escape of the shavings in uniform width and with parallel sides l from the throat up for the better discharge of the shavings, and insert the clamp-stay rod k across said opening and through the sides l, which is much less obstructive to the escape of the shavings than the ribs projecting from the sides l in the common arrangement and making a contracting passage along up the clamp. The rod is also a better fulcrum for the clamp than the ribs. It is much cheaper to make, and by the application of the stop-shoulders m to the upper side of the clamp it forms a stop to control the clamp w as to its position in the opening and relatively to the plane-bit.

The clamp w drops to its position without care or trouble, and is then made tight by the adjusting-screw n in the upper end, being screwed against the plane-bit.

When the plane-stock is fitted with the metallic housing o on the top, I arrange rod k at the joint between the top of the stock and the bottom of the housing, preferably notching the lower edges of the housing to receive half the thickness of the rod, and notching the upper edges of sides l of the stock about half their thickness for receiving the other half of the end portions of the rod, and reducing the ends of the rod to overlap the rest of the thickness of sides l, as shown at p, for a simple method of fitting the rod and providing shoulders to prevent the rod from shifting out of place lengthwise.

When the stock is made without the top housing, the stay-rod will be inserted through the walls l below the top with inlaid metallic reenforcing plates q to prevent the stress of the clamp from jarring the rod slack, as it would if held in the wood only.

To gage the plane-bit so that it will lodge in the right position and same projection of the edge below when returned after being sharpened as before removal, and so as not to require readjustment, I provide the shifting stop-gage block u in the groove s for the head of the screw t, by which the double bit is clamped together, which forms a stop by which the edge of the plane is properly adjusted merely by dropping into the stock and allowing the screw-head to reach and lodge on said block. The groove s is dovetail in form, and the gage-block is fitted so as to keep its place by friction, but to allow of being shifted along slightly from time to time by the force of the clamp-screw t on it when the plane-bit is driven farther down as it wears short in sharpening it. The gage-block being set in the upper part of the groove to begin with, needs no further attention until the worn out plane-bit is replaced by a new one, when it has to be shifted upward along the groove again.

I claim as my invention —

1. The combination, with a wood-plane having the front wall of the opening above the throat inclined reversely to the inclination of the rear wall, of the adjustable throat-plate consisting of the plain flat plate adapted to be clamped on the said front wall and the clamping-bolt extending through the stock from the front end and securing the plate by the nut located in the recess of the plate, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the plane-stock having the front wall of the opening above the throat inclined reversely to the inclination of the back wall, of the plain flat plate having the recess for the nut and slot-hole for the bolt and the clamping-bolt extending through the plane-stock from the front and securing said plate by the nut, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with the plane-stock having the sides of the opening above the throat parallel and with the bit-clamp, of the clamp-stay rod extending across the opening from side to side and secured in the bearing-notches in the joint between the top of the wood stock and the bottom of the metallic housing, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the plane-stock having the sides of the opening above the throat parallel and with the bit-clamp, of the clamp-stay rod extending across the opening from side to side and secured in the bearing-notches and between the shoulders in the joint between the top of the wood stock and the bottom of the metallic housing, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the plane-stock having the groove for the head of the clamp-screw and with said screw, of the adjustable step-gage block in said groove.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CARL JULIUS JACOBSEN.

Witnesses:
W. J. MORGAN,
W. P. EARLL.

No. 381,186 – Plane (Reinhard T. Torkelson And Iver Johnson) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”435″]381186

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

REINHARD T. TORKELSON AND IVER JOHNSON, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 381,186, dated April 17, 1888.
Application filed September 14, 1885. Serial No. 177,099. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, REINHARD T. TORKELSON and IVER JOHNSON, both of the city and county of Worcester, and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 represents a vertical section through the ends of the plane on line b c, Figs. 2 and 3; Fig. 2, a top or plan view of the front of the plane; Fig. 3, a top or plan view of the rear section of the plane with the handle removed; Fig. 4, a side view of the handle and a small section of the plane-bed; and Fig. 5 represents a cross-section on line a, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of arrow 1.

To enable those skilled in the art to which our invention belongs to make and use the same, we will proceed to describe it more in detail, the nature of which consists, first, in certain improvements in the construction of an adjustable throat device; second, in improvements in the construction, whereby the handle may be detachably fastened to the bed; and, third, in an improved plane-bed, all as will be hereinafter more fully described.

In the drawings, A represents the bed of the plane,which is provided with corrugations d, the lower edges, e, of which are flat, and upon its upper side with round corrugations f. By this construction of the bed it can be made very light, while at the same time it is very stiff, thus utilizing in material, while at the same time rendering it light, and thus requiring less labor to operate it.

B represents an adjustable throat arranged upon the upper side of the plane-bed, through which a thumb-screw, C, passes into a set-nut, D. This nut works between two dovetail flanges, F F, (shown in full lines, Fig. 1, and dotted lines, Fig. 2,) the sides of the nut being made dovetailing to fit, and, consequently, while the nut can be moved back and forth it cannot be raised out of place until screw C and throat B are removed.

The body part E of the adjustable throat rests upon upright flanges g, (shown in full lines, Fig. 1, and dotted lines, Fig. 2,) and between the side flanges ofthe plane-bed F F. A forward projection, G, fits into the throat H, and which projection can be slid back and forth, as indicated in full and dotted lines, Fig. 1, and quickly adjusted, by means of the thumb-screw G, to give any desired opening to the throat H. This arrangement also leaves the under side of the bed of the plane smooth, thereby obviating the objections to the adjustable throats heretofore fitted to work on the under side of the plane.

I represents the handle of the plane, made of vulcanized india-rubber. It is made hollow, as seen at I’, and with a rounded base, J, to fit into a socket-piece, K, which in turn is made with an oblong slot, i, having edges inclined toward each other, so that said socket-piece K may be placed over the dovetail projection L on bed A, and when forced forward into the position shown in Fig. 1 it is securely held in said position vertically under the beveled edges k of said projection L. The base of handle I is now placed in the socket-piece K, and the screw-rod M passed down through the top and screwed into hole M’ in the dovetail projection L, thereby securing the handle firmly in position, while at the same time admitting of the detachment of said handle in an easy and expeditious manner. A forward projection, N, is cast upon the under side of the top of the handle, as fully indicated in Fig. 1, and a metal socket-piece, Z, is ntted into the top of handle I, to receive and hold the head N’ of the screw-rod M. The sides of the handle are made with a series of notches or corrugations, O, whereby when the handle is clasped in the hand the soft skin and flesh of the fingers will be pressed into the corrugations and notches on one side of the handle, while the skin and soft flesh of the hand at the base of the fingers will be pressed into the corrugations upon the opposite side of the handle. By this arrangement the operator can handle the plane much easier and with less exertion, particularly when he is obliged to hold up the plane to plane the edge of a piece of board, which is frequently required in the usual work of a carpenter. If the handle were smooth, a little perspiration or oil would require a great strain upon the fingers and cords of the hand to hold the plane from turning; but with the corrugations as made upon the sides of said handle the difficulty is obviated. If preferred, the socket-piece K may be cast with the bed of the plane and dovetail projections omitted.

We are aware that planes with adjustable throats have been used before, and we do not therefore claim said device, broadly.

Having described our improvements in planes, what we claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination of bed A, having the rear projection, L, upon the top thereof provided with the dovetail or bevel edges k, substantially as described, with the detachable socket-piece K, provided with an oblong vertical slot, i, having edges inclined toward each other, and adapted to be placed over said projection L, then forced forward and held vertically under the beveled edges k aforesaid, handle I, fitted at the bottom in said socket-piece K, and fastening-rod M, passed longitudinally through said handle and into bed A, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a bench-plane, a throat-adjusting device located above the bed A in front of the throat H, consisting of said bed having the dovetail flanges F F and supporting-flanges g, in combination with the slide B, arranged over said flanges, and having the projection G next to said throat, the nut D, fitted to slide longitudinally over the bed between the dovetail flanges F F aforesaid, the latter holding said nut and slide B in position vertically, and thumb-screw C, fitted to turn in suitable vertical openings in the slide and nut, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

REINHARD T. TORKELSON.
IVER JOHNSON.

Witnesses:
THOS. H. DODGE,
H. L. MILLER.

No. 381,141 – Bench-Plane (Iver Johnson And Reinhard T. Torkelson) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”434″]381141

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

IVER JOHNSON AND REINHARD T. TORKELSON, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS;
SAID TORKELSON ASSIGNOR TO SAID JOHNSON.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 381,141, dated April 17, 1888.
Application filed October 31, 1887. Serial No. 253,829. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, IVER JOHNSON and REINHARD T. TORKELSON, both of Worcester, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which–

Figure 1 represents a top or plan view of a bench-plane embodying our improvements. Fig. 2 is a side view thereof, partly in section. Fig. 3 is a bottom or face view of the plane. Figs. A and 5 are transverse or cross sections upon an enlarged scale, taken on lines a a and b b, respectively, in Fig. 1, looking in the directions indicated by the arrows above said figure; and Figs. 6 and 7 are enlarged detail views, Fig. 6 being a plan and Fig. 7 a side view of our improved throat-adjusting plate, hereinafter more fully described.

Our invention relates to metallic bench-planes, and more particularly to improvements in the means employed for regulating the width of the throat, as hereinafter more fully set forth.

Following is a detailed description of our invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The part A is the body or stock; B, the handle; C, the knife; C’, the usual means for holding said knife in position; D, the throat, and E our improved throat-regulating plate.

The stock is provided with the usual parallel grooves, c, in the bottom or face thereon and with a series of parallel ribs or corrugations, d, upon its upper side between the outer side flanges, e e, preferably in a vertical line with said grooves c, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Said ribs d serve a double purpose — viz., to lighten or decrease the weight of the stock A, as well as to strengthen or stiffen said stock.

Our improvement in the throat-adjusting device consists in making the usual slide or plate, E, with a tongue or blade, E’, extending forward therefrom to the front end of the plane. Said plate is fitted in a suitable recess in the stock flush with the face of said stock, and may be moved longitudinally therein to regulate the width of the knife-opening or throat D in the usual way. It is clamped to the under side of the stock after adjustment, as ordinarily, by means of the screw-bolt f, extending up therefrom, and screw-handle g, having a bearing upon the top of stock A, and into which said screw-bolt is turned. By thus forming the plate with a narrow blade or tongue, E’, we are enabled to extend the face of the stock forward solid and groove the same at each side of said blade or tongue, as best shown in Figs. 3 and 4, thus greatly strengthening the plane, in addition to the top ribbing or corrugations previously described, while at the same time it may be operated in narrowing or widening the width of the throat with equal facility to the slides in other planes used for a similar purpose.

If desired, the tongue or blade may be strengthened by forming ribs h upon the top surface thereof, as shown in the drawings, the body or stock A being made with a wide longitudinal rib and deep groove underneath, as Shown at A’, to receive the same.

It is obvious that the construction we have adopted in making plate E and the forward end of the stock in which it is arranged admits of the least possible amount of stock being used in accomplishing the desired result, thus reducing the cost thereof to a minimum, while at the same time producing a very strong, durable, and easy-working plane. By said construction the greater portion of the stock of said plane is made solid and grooved in front of the throat, as well as back of the same, the advantages of which will at once be apparent to those skilled in the art to which our invention appertains.

We are aware of United States Patents No. 153,399, to G. M. Thompson, dated July 21, 1874, and No. 81,879, to A. H. Comp, dated September 8, 1868, which show, respectively, the corrugation of the top and bottom of the plane bed or stock and the use of a T-shaped plate in the under side of said stock, and we therefore make no claim thereto, broadly. In view of said patents we limit our invention to the specific construction herein specified, and pointed out in the claims.

Having thus described our said invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination of the stock or body having a T-shaped recess in its under side in front of the throat, with the widest part thereof next to said throat, with the T-shaped plate E, fitted to slide longitudinally in said bottom recess, vertical screw-bolt f fastened to the top of said plate E, preferably to the tongue portion E’ thereof, and screw-handle g, having a threaded opening to receive the upper threaded portion of the screw-bolt, and whereby when said handle is turned the plate may be clamped to the stock after adjustment, substantially as shown and described.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination of the stock or body having its bottom and top surfaces corrugated in the manner described, and also having a T-shaped recess in its under side in front of the throat, with the widest part thereof next to said throat, with the T-shaped plate E, fitted to slide longitudinally in said bottom recess, vertical screw-bolt f fastened to the top of said plate E, preferably to the tongue portion E’ thereof, and screw-handle g, having a threaded opening to receive the upper threaded portion of the screw-bolt, and whereby when said handle is turned the plate may be clamped to the stock after adjustment, substantially as shown and described.

IVER JOHNSON.
REINHARD T. TORKELSON.

Witnesses:
ALBERT A. BARKER,
WALTER B. NOURSE.

No. 303,338 – Bench-Plane (John F. Taber And William F. Gibbs) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”369″]303338

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN F. TABER AND WILLIAM F. GIBBS, OF CLARION, IOWA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 303,338, dated August 12, 1884.
Application filed June 3, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN F. TABER. and WILLIAM F. GIBBS, citizens of the United States, residing at Clarion, in the county of Wright and State of Iowa, have lnvented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and we do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The object of this improvement is a bench-plane with a reversible bearing-plate for either closing the throat of the plane, and thereby adapting it to cutting smoothly across the grain of the wood, or opening its throat, and thereby adapting it to ordinary service. These results are attained by the mechanism illustrated in the drawings herewith filed as part hereof, in which the same letters of reference denote the same parts in the different views.

Figure 1 is a sectional front elevation of a bench-plane embodying the features of our improvement. Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation. Fig. 3 is a sectional view showing the throat of the plane open for ordinary planing. Fig. ft is a top view of the reversible plate. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the same.

A is the plane-stock. B is the bit, of ordinary construction. C represents the usual wedge. The face of the plane is provided with a suitable recess, a, for the reception of a centrally-perforated reversible plate, D, having its opposite corners on one side cut away or converted, substantially as shown, and provided with recesses c c’ for the reception of the head E’ of the bolt E, which passes through the plane-stock A, and is provided at its upper end with a hand-nut, F, having a milled rim, f, and which screws down on the plane-stock, and rigidly secures the plate D in position. By adjusting the plate D with its flat side down or the corners d adjacent to the point of the bit B, the throat of the plane will be substantially closed, as shown in Fig. 2, and as the ordinary rising action of the shaving will thus be prevented, the bit will cut smoothly across the grain. By reversing the plate or turning its curved sides down, as shown in Fig. 3, the throat G will be opened, and the plane thus adapted for ordinary service.

Having explained the construction and operation of our improvement, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The reversible plate D, having opposite convexed corners on one side, and recesses c c’ on opposite sides for the reception of the head E’ of the bolt E, in combination with the plane-stock A, leaving a recess, a, in the face or sole of the plane, forward of the bit, and immediately adjoining and continued into the throat G’ substantially as specified, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN F. TABER.
WILLIAM F. GIBBS.

Witnesses:
C. F. PETERSON,
A. R. LADD.

No. 279,885 – Bench-Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”336″]279885

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST, OF PINE MEADOWS, ASSIGNORS TO THE MERIDEN PATENT NOVELTY COMPANY, OF MERIDEN, CONN.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 279,885, dated June 19, 1883.
Application filed February 24, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTHUR, E. RUST, citizens of the United States, residing at Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Our invention relates to improvements in what are termed “block-planes;” and the object is to produce a plane in which the bottom or face of the plane can be easily adjusted to the iron by means of a hinge motion in back part of plane, and to produce a clamping-bar with central point bearing against a central bearing, cast solid with the frame without a core, and to form a check-nut and knob on the adjusting-screw, and also to simplify the general construction and operation.

Our invention consists in constructing a block-plane so that the plane bit or iron which projects through the mouth or opening can be adjusted, as desired, to form an open or close mouth, and to suit the nature of the work to be performed in an expeditious manner. The bottom or face of the plane is hinged to the rear part of the skeleton frame or stock, and is adjusted by means of a flat wheel on an adjusting screw or stud, and fitting with one side under lugs cast on the frame at its front end, and with the other side against two cross-bars, also cast on said frame. A check-nut and knob on said adjusting-screw secures and locks the wheel in place.

It also consists in holding the bit or plane-iron in place by a screw in the clamping-bar against said iron, while said clamping-bar bears with its upper side against a central point east solid in the frame, and which forms a fulcrum for it. The lower side of the plane-iron rests against two cross-bars, also cast solid with the frame.

It also consists in adjusting the open and close mouth without a movable front piece; and it also consists in the construction and arrangement of certain parts of a plane, as will be more fully described hereinafter, and specifically pointed out in the claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon.

Like letters indicate like parts in the different figures of the drawings, in which —

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the plane. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 4 is a top view of the bottom of the plane. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of the frame. Fig. 7 is a top view of the same. Fig. 8 is an end view of the same.

In the drawings, A represents the skeleton frame or stock, consisting of the side pieces, a a, connected by a series of cross pieces or bars, one of which, b’, forming the hinge-pin for the bottom B, and another one, c, being the central bearing for the clamping-bar C. The bottom is provided with a lug, b, into which the bar b’ fits, and is held in place by a clamping-plate, b”, and screw b”’. At the forward end of the plane is arranged a screw, D, upon which a flat milled wheel, E, is screwed, fitting with its upper surface under lugs d, cast on each side or wall of the frame, and with its lower surface bearing on two bars, e and f. A milled clamping-screw or check-nut, F, secures the wheel in its locked position. By this arrangement the bottom or face of the plane can be adjusted, to a nicety to the plane iron or bit. The bars e and f are provided with raised parts e’ and f’, to form a more perfect adjustment for the wheel. The clamping-bar C secures the plane iron or bit G in position by means of a screw, g, which forces the bar G against a central bearing, h, on the bar c, cast solid with the frame and without the use of a core. The lower side of the plane iron or bit rests on two cross-bars, i k, also cast on the frame. The bottom is provided with two curved ears, l, which it closely into corresponding recesses formed in the frame, and they serve to hold the bottom in position and prevent any lateral movement. It will be readily seen that by screwing the face or bottom close down or tight, and setting the iron or bit, an open mouth is formed; and by letting the face or bottom down and then setting the iron or bit a very close mouth is obtained. A much greater pitch is also obtained by having the adjustment at the front end of the plane than if on the back under the cutting-iron, which is a great advantage, as it makes a much smoother cut. The bit can be adjusted nicely to coarse or fine work.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, a flat wheel, E, for adjusting the size of the throat of the plane, and having its bearings on the bars e f and under lugs d, as shown, in combination with ascrew, D, secured to the hinged bottom B, substantially as specified.

2. The adjustable bottom B, hinged at the rear end of the frame A by means of a bar, b’, having bearings in a lug, b, and held by a clamping-plate, b”, and adjusted at the front end by a screw, D, and wheel E, in the manner shown and set forth.

3. The frame A, provided with a bar, c, having a central bearing, h, for forming a fulcrum for the clamping-bar C, provided with a screw, g, by which the bit G is held in place in the plane, substantially as specified.

4. The skeleton frame A, provided with bars e f and lugs d d, forming bearings for the wheel E, a bar, c, having central bearing, h, against which the clamping-bar G bears, and the pivot-bar b’, forming the hinge-bar for the adjustable bottom, and all cast in one piece, as set forth.

5. The method of and means herein described for adjusting the bottom B to form an open and close mouth — that is to say, connecting the bottom to the frame by a hinge-joint, b b’ b”, and adjusting it by a screw, D, and wheel E, substantially in the manner shown and specified.

6. In a plane, a wheel, E, for adjusting the size of the throat, having bearings on bars e f, and under lugs d, and a lock-nut, F, for securing said wheel, in combination with the screw D, secured to the hinged bottom B, as shown and described.

7. The combination of a hinged bottom, B, provided with curved ears l, fitting into corresponding recesses in the sides of the skeleton frame A, with a bit, G, held in place by a clamping-bar, C, and thumb-screw g, the stationary screw D, and wheel E, for adjusting the bottom, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

8. The plane herein described, consisting of the skeleton frame A, to which the bottom B is hinged adjustably, in combination with a screw, D, clamping-wheel E, check-nut F, bit G, clamping-bar C, with screw g, and central bearing-point, all constructed and arranged substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof we hereby affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
E. M. CHAPIN,
E. E. KELLOGG.

No. 199,956 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Joseph B. Boyce) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”288″]199956

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOSEPH B. BOYCE, OF LOCKPORT, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 199,956, dated February 5, 1878; application filed January 12, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH B. BOYCE, of Lockport, in the county of Niagara and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification and accompanying drawings, in which latter —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a common bench-plane provided with my improvement, the bits and wedge being removed in order to exhibit the improvement more fully. Fig. 2 is a vertical central longitudinal section through the plane in working condition. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of that part of the plane which I have improved.

The nature of my invention consists in certain construcinons, combinations, and arrangements of parts, hereinafter described and specifically claimed, whereby an improved adjustable metal lining for the throat and mouth of a bench-plane is produced.

The object of my invention is to protect the parts of a plane most exposed to wear by a metal lining which is of simpler construction than heretofore made, so that its application to a plane will not necessitate any material change in the construction of the plane to which it may be applied, and which may be as easily applied to an old as to a new plane.

In the drawings, A represents the body of an ordinary plane; B, the plane-iron; C, the cap-iron, with the usual coupling set-screw c and wedge D. The bed b of the plane is provided with a metal plate, E, which has an open slot, e, two oblong countersunk slots, e1, a central opening, e2, and an oblong mouth, F, which mouth F consists of abutting sides or shoulders f and a transverse connecting-strip, f’.

The plate E may be inserted from the face of the plane after the bed b of the plane has, if needs be, been reduced to receive it, and the wood at the sides and front of the mouth of the plane suitably mortised away, in order to receive the shoulders f and connectionf’, and thus the shoulders f serve as abutments for preventing the upward movement of the plate E by violent strains on the plane-iron. The plate E is fastened to the bed b of the plane by means of set-screws g, and, by means of these screws and the slots e1 e1, the readjustment of the plane-face may also be effected.

Upon the plate E the plane-iron B, with its cap C, coupled to it by the screw c, is placed, and its screw c allowed to pass into the usual recess a, which is in rear of the oblong opening e of the plate E, and, thus applied, the plane-iron and its cap are fastened with the wedge D.

The plane A is, by this construction, in a ready manner, and without material change of its throat, and at slight cost, provided with a very substantial protection of its bed and other parts liable to injury from wear.

It will be seen that while the center part of the plate E is cut away at e to admit of the passage of the large head of the set-screw c, in the usual manner, down the recess a, and at the opening e2, in order to lessen cost, still there is a continuous metal surface at either side, just opposite the wedge-abutments a’, which affords a firm bearing of the plate E upon the bed b of the plane. The plate E, above its shoulders f f is as wide as the throat or the bed of the plane, and the distance between the inner sides of the shoulders f is the same as the width of the plate E; consequently the width of the throat need not be increased in order to provide a plane with a plate, E. Besides this, any plane, new or old, may be so provided and improved without weakening the plane, by simply mortising from below, to admit the shoulders f f and connecting-strip f’. The lower end of the plate E, in conjunction with the parts f and f’, forms a lining for the mouth of the plane, and constitutes a part of the plane around its mouth, thereby protecting the plane against premature wear in and around the mouth.

I would state that the plate E may be solid at e2 without departing from my invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In combination with the body and plane-iron of a carpenter’s plane, the lining-plate E, having slots e1 e1 and a longitudinal opening, e, and a mouth, F, formed with abutting shoulders f united as at f’, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. A metal lining-plate, E, for a carpenter’s plane, the lower portions of which are constructed as at f, f’, and F, and the upper portion provided with a central longitudinal opening or slot, e, to correspond or register with the groove a of an ordinary plane, substantially as and for the purpose described.

Witness my hand, in the matter of my application for a patent for a bench-plane, this 8th day of January, A. D. 1878.

JOSEPH BENSON BOYCE.

Witnesses:
T. D. BABCOCK,
JAS. A. NEWTON.

No. 173,984 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (George F. Mortensen) (1876)

[paiddownloads id=”257″]173984

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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GEORGE F. MORTENSEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 173,984, dated February 22, 1876; application filed August 20, 1875.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE F. MORTENSEN, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful lmprovement in Bench-Planes, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, in which —

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of my improvement. Fig. 2 is a reverse plan view thereof, partly in section. Fig. 3 is a view of the slotted cap.

Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, and as to one of its features particularly — to planes whose “stock” is made of wood.

That part of my invention relating to wooden planes consists in combining, with the “sole” thereof, an adjustable shoe for the purpose of regulating the “mouth” containing the plane-iron, the said shoe being made adjustable both vertically and horizontally through the medium of set-screws and of slots, through which the screws pass.

In the drawing, the letter A designates the stock of my plane, and B is the sole. C is the adjustable shoe, which is preferably made of metal, and is let into a cavity, D, immediately in front of the mouth a. The said shoe C is subjected to the action of set-screws E, which extend vertically into or through the stock A, to which end the stock is provided with a protecting-plate, F. The set-screws E extend both in an upward or downward direction. When the set-screws extend in both directions, as shown in Fig. 1, the head of the single screw, in this example extending downward, is preferably concealed in a socket, G, while, in order to conceal the heads of the upwardly-extending screws, and to impart to the shoe C a smooth surface, a face-plate, H, is affixed to the shoe. This face-plate is removed in Fig. 2, in order to expose the set-screws.

The set-screws pass through slots b, which, in the example shown in Fig. 1, are formed in the shoe C; but, if desired, the slots may be formed in the protecting-plate F.

By means of the set-screws E I am enabled to adjust the shoe C vertically toward the cavity D, for the purpose of preserving its level with the sole B, when the latter is “corrected,” while by providing the sole or the protecting-plate F with slots b, and passing the set-screws through the slots, the shoe may be adjusted to different positions horizontally, and particularly with respect to the mouth at, which, as is well known, becomes enlarged when the plane is corrected, owing to the slope of the bed d of the plane-iron.

The plane-iron I is made of the usual form, with an upper and a lower section, connected together by a screw, J.

K designates a cap, which, together with an eccentric or cam lever, L, constitutes a clamp for fixing the plane-iron on the bed d. The cap K is provided with a slot, N, which has at one end a hole, O, (see Fig. 3,) equal in diameter to that of a stud, P, formed by the head of a screw, which is fastened to the bed d, so that by moving the cap K to such a position that the stud occupies the narrow part of the slot, the cap is rendered capable of tilting under the stud P.

The cam-lever L turns on a pivot, c, and is fastened on the upper end of the cap K.

When the cam-lever is turned to the position shown in the drawing, it bears on the upper portion of the top section of the plane-iron I, thereby raising the upper end of the cap K, while by the tilting of the cap thus occasioned its lower end is caused to bear on the corresponding portion of said top section of the plane-iron, and by this arrangement the iron may be readily adjusted and firmly held in any position.

The stock A of my plane is made in two divisions, Q, (or more than two, if required,)
which are connected together by side strips or cheeks R. By this construction of the stock, far greater strength is imparted to it than when made in a single piece, while the parts of the stock, moreover, being very readily put together, the whole can be furnished at a comparitively small cost.

What I claim as new, end desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination, with the stock of a bench-plane, of a, recessed shoe, C, with a, detachable face-plate, H, the set-screws E E E and slots b, all constructed to operate substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 17th day of August, 1875.

GEORGE F. MORTENSEN. [L. S.]

Witnesses:
E. F. KASTENHUBER,
FRANCIS FORBES.