Tag: Patternmakers Planes

No. 916,344 – Core-Box Plane (Clifford E. Martin) (1909)

[paiddownloads id=”659″]916344

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CLIFFORD E. MARTIN, OF GREENFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE &
LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

CORE-BOX PLANE.

_________________

916,344. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented March 23, 1909.
Application filed February 9, 1909. Serial No. 476,946.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLIFFORD E. MARTIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Greenfield, county of Franklin, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Core-Box Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in planes, and particularly to that type of plane termed a “core-box” plane.

The broad object of the invention is to provide a simple improvement in planes of the above type, by which improvement perfect segments of circles may be planed out with the greatest ease and accuracy. This feature of improvement and others will be more fully explained in the following description.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of the plane complete. Fig. 2 is a rear end elevation of the plane as it appears when actually in use. Fig. 3 is a front end elevation of the plane. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of certain details. Fig. 5 is a perspective view, partly broken away, of one of the details shown in Fig. 4.

The stock of the plane includes a suitable handle 1 connected to the main body, which latter includes the two side plates 2 and 3. The surfaces of these two plates are arranged in two planes intersecting each other at an angle of 90°.

4 is the plane iron. In this particular form the plane iron is arranged in a groove intersecting the surface of the plate 2, said groove being formed at a suitable rearwardly inclined angle relatively to the direction of movement of the plane iron during its cutting movement. The cutting edge of the plane iron is exposed at the meeting angle of the plates 2 and 3, and the groove in which the plane iron stands is preferably cut back at an oblique angle to the surface of plate 12 so that its cutting edge will be presented obliquely to the work, thus producing a draw-cut.

5 represents a clearance groove or recess formed in the side plate 3 and intersecting the meeting angle of plates 2 and 3, and of a width corresponding substantially to the width of the plane iron. This clearance groove 5 is of sufficient depth to provide for the proper thickness of shaving. The cutting edge of the plane iron, when properly adjusted, is coincident with the surface of plate 3 so that the extreme edge will be located accurately in one of the planes of the right angle.

A clamping device 6 is carried by the plane iron and passes longitudinally through the base of the handle 1 and wholly below the grip portion thereof. This clamping device has a hooked end 6a arranged to partially embrace the plane iron 4 as shown in Fig. 4.

6b is a suitable screw device arranged to engage the rear end of the body 6 of the clamping device, said screw device 6b being accessible at the rear end of the base of said handle. This clamping device 6 is arranged at an angle to the plane iron as shown in Fig. 4 so that when the adjusting screw 6b is set down the hooked end 6a of the clamping member will bind the plane iron firmly upon its seat.

As will new be seen, when the plane is used in the manner illustrated in Fig. 2, the cutting will be performed in such a way as to work out a groove of perfect semi-circular outline in cross-section. That part of the clearance groove 5 in front of the cutting edge of the plane iron permits the latter to encounter the material to be cut without projecting said cutting edge beyond or outside of the right angle. That part of the groove 5 to the rear of the plane iron operates to let the edge of the plane settle at each stroke whether or not said plane is drawn back sufficiently far to cause the plane iron to entirely clear the end of the groove. Thus short strokes may be employed to cut away tenacious portions of the wood. Were it not for this rearward extension of the clearance groove 5, the progress of the work would be very much impeded.

The usual throat to permit the escape of shavings is of course provided directly in front of the cutting edge of the plane iron through which chips and shavings will escape in the usual manner.

What I claim is:

1. In a plane of the character described, a stock having two diverging side plates the surfaces of which are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees relatively to each other, a plane iron having its cutting edge coincident with said angle and extending to one side thereof and in the plane of one of the side plates, and a clearance groove in said side plate extending forwardljv and rearwardly of the cutting edge of said plane iron.

2. In a core-box plane, a stock comprising two side plates the surfaces of which are arranged in planes intersecting one another at right angles, a clearance groove in one of said plates extending the full length thereof and coincident with the angle of intersection of said side plates, a plane iron carried by said stock, and means for detachably holding said plane iron in place, the cutting edge of said plane iron projecting into said clearance groove.

3. In a core-box plane, a stock including two side plates the surfaces of which are arranged in intersecting planes at right angles to each other, a groove in one of said sides intersecting the surface thereof for receiving a plane iron, a plane iron adapted to said groove, and rneans for detachably holding the same therein, a clearance groove in the surface of the other plate to the front and rear of the cutting edge of the plane iron and of a width corresponding substantially thereto.

4. In a core-box plane, two side plates the surfaces of which are arranged in planes intersecting each other at right angles, a clearance groove in one of said plates at and adjacent to the meeting angle of said planes and extending the full length of said side plate, a plane iron, and means for detachably holding the same, the cutting edge of said plane iron projecting into said clearance groove and being arranged to stand directly in one of said intersecting planes.

5. ln a plane of the character described, a stock having two diverging side plates the surfaces of which are arranged at an angle of 90° relatively to each other, a plane iron having its cutting edge coincident with said angle and extending to one side thereof and in the plane of one of said plates, and a clearance groove in said side piate extending forwardly and rearivardly of the cutting edge of the plane iron, a handle arranged in the angle between the two side plates, and a clamping device carried lay said handle and wholly below the grip portion thereof.

6. ln a plane of the character described, a stock having two diverging side plates, the surfaces of which are arranged at an angle of 90° relatively to each other, a plane iron having its cutting edge coincident with said angle and extending to one side thereof and in the plane of one of said side plates, and a clearance groove in said side plate forward of said cutting edge, a handle arranged in the angle between the diverging side plates, and a clamping mernber for the plane iron arranged in the base of said handle and accessible at the rear thereof for operation.

CLIFFORD E. MARTlN.

Witnesses:
ELLEN K. O’KEEFE,
FRANCIS NIMS THOMPSON.

No. 751,671 – Hand-Tool (John E. McCauley) (1904)

[paiddownloads id=”598″]751671

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN E. McCAULEY, OF SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF
TO WILLIAM D. BAYLEY, OF SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.

HAND-TOOL.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 751,671, dated February 9, 1904.
Application filed June 15, 1903. Serial No. 161,488. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN E. McCAULEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Springfield, in the county of Clark and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hand-Tools, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to hand-tools, and more particularly to hand-planers for planing out the semicircular groove in core-boxes, but may be used in planing like grooves in any article.

The object of my invention is to provide a hand-planer of such construction that at each operation of the tool the cutter will be turned to take an additional cut in such manner that when the operation is complete a semicircular groove will be formed, and a further object is to provide means to adjust the feed of the cutter.

A further object is to provide a sliding frame that can be adjusted to the size of the article to be planed and to elastically hold said frame in engagement with the article.

With these and other objects in view my invention consists of the constructions and combinations hereinafter described, and set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, Figure 1 represents a planer embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a detail of the feed device, and Fig. 3 is a detail of one of the side frames with a tension-cushion thereon.

Like parts are represented by similar letters of reference in the several views.

In the drawings, a represents a slide on one side of the frame adapted to engage the top and one side of the article to be planed, and a’ represents another slide on the other side of the frame adapted to rest on the top of the article to be planed and has secured thereto a spring-cushion, which I have shown in the form of an elongated loop a2, adapted to engage the other side of the article to be planed. Cross-rods a3 and a4 rest in bearings on the slides, and clamping-plates a5, having thumb-screws a6 extending through same into screw-threaded perforations in the slides, are provided, so that the slides can be moved to and from each other and adjusted to the size of the article to be planed and fixed in their adjusted positions by said thumb-screws. This adjustment is made so that the spring-cushion a2 will bear against one side of the article to be planed while the operator holds the planer firmly against the opposite side.

A frame b, having perforations through which the cross-rods a3 and a4 extend, is movable longitudinally on said rods and is held in its adjusted position by a set-screw b’. A shaft b2, longitudinally disposed in the line of travel of the planer, is provided with a head b3, having a slot therein, through which a cutter-bar b4 extends at right angles to said shaft and is secured in place by a set-screw b5. Said cutter-bar has a cutting edge extending from said head to and including the outer end thereof. The shaft b2 is journaled in a hanger b6, the upper portion of which is screw-threaded and extends through an opening in the frame b and is tightened in place by a thumb-nut b7. A shaft b8, journaled in the frame b at an angle to the shaft b2, has a ratchet-wheel b9 fixed thereon, and a pair of worm-gears b10, fixed on said shafts, transmit motion from one to the other.

Through an opening in the frame b a handle c is journaled on the cross-rod a4, and on a forwardly and upwardly extending arm c’ of said handle there is a projection c2, which engages the frame b and limits the forward rocking movement of the handle, while a set-screw c3 is employed to adjustably limit the rearward rocking movement of said handle. A pawl c4, pivoted to the arm c’ of the handle, is adapted to engage the ratchet-wheel b9. The construction is such that when the handle is grasped to push the planer forward the handle will rock forward until the stop c2 engages the frame and the pawl will engage and move the ratchet to an extent permitted by this rocking movement, and the cutter-bar will thereby be turned to take an additional cut when the planer is moved forward. By turning the set-screw c3 the extent of the rocking movement can be varied and the feed of the cutter adjusted.

To operate the planer, the slides are adjusted to the article to be planed, as herein-before described, and the frame b is adjusted on the cross-rods so that the shaft which carries the cutter-bar is in line with the longitudinal center of the groove to be cut, with the cutter-bar in a horizontal position at right angles thereto. Then grasping the handle and pushing the planer forward the initial rocking movement will set the cutter in position so that in the forward movement of the planer it will take a cut and at each succeeding forward movement the cutter will be turned sufficiently to take an additional cut and the continued operation of the planer will form a semicircular groove. In practice it may be found convenient after finishing one-half of the groove to reverse the position of the planer, reset the cutter to horizontal position, and plane out the other half from the top of the article being planed in like manner as the first half, or the operator may first rough out the groove with another tool and then finish with a planer embodying my invention.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a hand-planer, a frame having laterally-movable slides adapted to elastically contact with the respective sides of the article to be planed, means to fix said slides in their relation to each other, a cutter journaled in said frame, and means to partially rotate said cutter transversely to the line of travel of said planer at each operation of the planer, substantially as specified.

2. In a hand-planer, a frame having laterally-movable slides adapted to engage the respective sides of the article to be planed, one of which has a projecting portion and the other a spring-cushion, said projection and cushion being adapted to contact with the respective sides of the article to be planed, means to fix said slides in their relation to each other, a cutter journaled in said frame, and means to partially rotate said cutter transversely to the line of travel of said planer at each operation of the planer, substantially as specified.

3. In a hand-planer, a frame having laterally-movable slides adapted to engage the respective sides of the article to be planed, one of which has a projection and the other a spring-cushion, said projection and cushion being adapted to contact with the respective sides of the article to be planed, means to fix the relative position of said slides, a laterally-mow able portion of said frame and means to fix its position, a shaft journaled in said portion longitudinally in the line of travel of the planer, a cutter-bar and a head on said shaft adapted to hold said cutter at right angles to said shaft, another shaft journaled in said portion having a ratchet-wheel thereon and a gear connection with said first-named shaft, an operating-hawdle pivoted to rock on said portion, means to adjust and limit said rocking movement, a pawl pivoted on said handle and adapted to engage said ratchet-wheel, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 2d day of May, A. D. 1903.

JOHN E. McCAULEY.

Witnesses:
PERCY NORTON,
OLIVER H. MILLER.

No. 750,189 – Hand-Plane (Edward Haydock) (1904)

[paiddownloads id=”597″]750189

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDWARD HAYDOCK, OF MANCHESTER, ENGLAND.

HAND-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 750,189, dated January 19, 1904.
Application filed December 14, 1901. Serial No. 85,900. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD HAYDOCK, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at 75 Ackroyd street, Higher Openshaw, Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, England, have invented a new and useful Improved Hand-Plane, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to hand-planes for woodworking, particularly pattern-making, in which curves and other irregular forms are required to be produced in patterns and core-boxes and other like work.

The object of my invention is to enable plane-irons with diiferent forms of cutting edges to be employed in a metallic stock having a flat sole in combination with a wood sole that is capable of being fixed to or removed therefrom, whose face is either formed to any preferred curve or of other required shape, and to provide means for holding said sole firmly in position; also, quick and automatic adjustment of the plane-iron.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, and to which I hereinafter refer, Figure 1 is a side view, and Fig. 2 a longitudinal section, of my improved plane. Fig. 3 is a plan of the stock-sole with the plane-iron and adjustments removed. Fig. 4 is an angular transverse section on line A B, and Fig. 5 a like section on line C D as seen in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a plan of adjustable sole. Fig. 7 is a cross-section of a detachable convex wood sole for planing the inside of a cylinder, while Fig. 8 is a view of a concave sole for planing the outside of cylindrical bodies.

In the views the same letters refer to like parts.

According to this invention I form a metallic stock of malleable iron or steel, either cast or pressed, or other preferred metal, having key-shaped holes therein, as shown at d on plan in Fig. 3. These holes, are for the reception of small studs or set-screws c, which are fastened in small castings, as c’, fixed in an adjustable wood sole, as j. (Shown in Figs. 2 and 6.) The position of these castings in the adjustable sole corresponds with the holes in the stock-sole a. The facing on the upper side of the key-shaped holes d in the stock-sole is slightly taper to insure the screws c drawing the adjustable sole perfectly tight and rigid to the stock-sole when it is fitted thereon. The adjustable soles may be flat for ordinary smooth, jack, or trying plane purposes, or they may be of any required shape or radius for curves, core-boxes,or like work, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. I fix a triangular slide g between the side walls b of the stock by means of screws inserted in the stock-sole.

The holes for the screws are slightly elongated to permit the slide to be moved a little backward or forward in order to alter the pitch of the plane-iron for planing different kinds of wood, either with or across the grain, as required. The aforesaid slide has a slot g’ formed lengthwise in its angular face, through which a square-headed stud g2 is passed. Said stud is square under the head and has a hole through the head, with a screw-thread formed therein. The projecting end of the stud is screwed or loosely riveted into a carrier or adjusting-lever k, which carries aplane-iron, as l, by means of a pin k’, that enters one of the small holes l’, formed at equal distances along the center of the plane-iron if a single iron is employed for radii or curved work or into a small hole in the back iron for ordinary planing. The aforesaid stud, with the plane-iron, is raised and lowered by a screw f, which is passed through the head of the stud g2, the neck of the screw being held in a lug gx at the top of the slide g and the bottom end resting in a footstep in said slide. The plane-irons are set square by the adjusting-lever k being turned a little to one side or the other and are held firmly in position by a curved spring q, the ends of which are pressed against the face of the plane-iron by a cam-lever m, the lower end of which is formed with a curved projection m’ at each side and hinged to the center of the aforesaid spring, as shown at qx in Fig. 2. A lug bx projects inwardly from each of the side walls of the plane, under which the curved projections m’ are placed when the lever m is in the position shown by dotted lines. When the free end mx of the lever is turned down, as shown, the spring q is compressed and the ends pressing on the face of the plane-iron keep it firmly in position, perfect and rapid means of adjustment being thereby obtained. The mouth of the plane if employed as an ordinary metallic plane without wood soles may be enlarged or reduced by a metallic slide p, fitted to the stock-sole by a stud passing through an elongated hole and secured by a nut. By these means a direct positive motion is obtained for forward feed and lateral adjustment of plane-iron, and if one iron is, ground to a two and one-half inch radius it would also work to any radius extending to about four inches without regrinding or altering. A quarter of a turn of the screw f would give one one-hundred-and-twelfth part of an inch, or thereabout, forward adjustment of the plane-iron, and by the lateral adjustment the inconvenience of exercising great care in sharpening or grinding the iron to correct form is avoided.

A sole-plate to do any kind of special work that is usually done by special planes may be made by the workman himself and fixed in the manner described for use as an ordinary smooth, jack, or trying plane.

I claim as my invention —

1. A hand-plane consisting of a metallic stock with keyhole-slots in the stock-sole, the enlarged opening of the keyhole being toward the front of the stock-sole, wooden soles carrying screws adapted to be passed through the keyhole-slots and inclined wedge-surfaces on one of the parts, whereby, upon forcing the metal stock forward the wooden sole will become secured to the metallic stock and by striking the rear of the sole it will become detached, substantially as described.

2. A hand-plane having a metallic stock with a flat sole-face, elongated recesses in said sole and a number of separate wood soles, each having a fiat surface and projections thereon adapted to fit into aforesaid recesses, the projections fitting the forward portion of said recesses loosely and fitting the rear portion tightly so that the sole may be slid against the surface of the stock to secure the wood sole to the metallic stock, whereby on striking the rear of the sole it will become detached, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDWARD HAYDOCK.

Witnesses:
THOS. PRESCOTT,
JNO. HUGHES.

No. 695,668 – Core-Box Plane (Alfred S. Brower) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”560″]695668

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALFRED S. BROWER, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK.

CORE-BOX PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 695,668, dated March 18, 1902.
Application filed December 26, 1901. Serial No. 87,300. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED SPENCER BROWER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Core-Box Planes, of which the following is a full and complete Specification, such as will enable those skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to planes for use in cutting a sernicircular recess in a block of wood to form a core-box. As at present constructed such planes are formed of a right-angle or sectionally-L-shaped frame with the cutter set in and immediately beneath the base thereof so that the cutter moves longitudinally of the semicircular or semicylindrical recess of the core-box, and the side of the right-angle or sectionally L-shaped frame will contact with the upper edges or corners of the semicylindrical recess and guide the plane in its cutting, so that it will make a true or perfect semicircle and semicylindrical recess; but as the cutter must project below the level of the base the said cutter is not at a proper point to comply with the geometrical law governing this action of the core-box plane, and this results in cutting the semicircle a little deeper than it would be out if the plate were at the true line or apex of the right angle, and since the cutting edge and its angle contact-point are different the plane does not guide truly, and when the semicylindrical recess has been cut the top of the core-box must be planed off, so as to make a section of the core-box a true semicircle. If the relative form of the frame is so changed that the blade lies at the true point relatively to the angle, this extra deep cutting may be avoided; but in that case the cutter acts as the sole support at the base of the device, and the base and side of the frame in its movement rub forcibly against the corners of the core-box and wear them away, so that the semicircle is still untrue.

It is the object of my invention to produce a device by means whereof the plane will be supported upon that portion of its base which is in contact with the surface being out and upon those portions of the base and of the side which contact with the corners or upper edges of the semicylindrical recess, so that an accurate semicylindrical recess may be cut by the repeated longitudinal movements of the plane.

The invention consists in the novel construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which like letters of reference designate corresponding parts in the several views, Figure 1 is an end elevation of a plane embodying my invention and a core-box upon which it is in position to operate. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the plane. Fig. 3 is an inverted plan view thereof. Fig. 4 is a front elevation, part of the base portion or guide of the plane being broken away.

In the practice of my invention I provide a device or tool of the class specified which comprises a body portion a, consisting of an oblong plate, and a base or guide portion b, also consisting of an oblong plate, said base or guide portion being preferably much wider than the body portion a and being secured to the bottom edge thereof at right angles thereto, the connection of the base or guide portion b with the body portion a being preferably made by countersinkiug said base or guide portion into the body portion, as is also indicated in Figs. 1 and 4. The body portion of the tool is also provided centrally of the bottom portion thereof with an inclined slot or groove a2, which communicates with an opening or passage a3, which extends upwardly and backwardly in line with said slot or opening and through the top portion of said body portion of the tool, and placed in the slot or opening a2 is a bit or cutter proper which is designated by the reference character c and which is provided with a shank c2, which passes upwardly through the opening or passage a3, and said bit or tool proper is held in place by a wedge d in the usual manner. The edge of the bit or cutter proper passes through the bottom of the slot or opening a2, as clearly shown in Fig. 2, and said bit or tool may be adjusted by means of the wedge d, as will be readily understood.

The body portion a of the plane is provided upon its under surface forwardly of the cutter c with a rabbet groove or kerf a4 of a depth equal to the customary or desired depth of the cut or shaving of the plane, which groove or kerf at its rear end communicates with the slot or opening a2. By reason of this rabbet groove or kerf a4 the cutter in its operative position ready to shave the wood lies in its relative projection below the roof of the said groove at a point corresponding to the normal level or surface of the base portion of the plane, and therefore that portion of the body or upright side which is at the rear of the plane is flush or on the same level with the edge of the cutter.

The operation of the device will be readily understood from the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, and the advantages resultant from the use thereof will be manifest to all who are conversant with devices of this character.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings a core-box e is represented, and in practice the core-opening or segmental recess f in said box is roughly or partially hollowed out and the perfect cutting or planing out thereof is commenced on one side, and usually both sides of the recess are partially planed away a certain distance, so as to leave both perfect corners or edges of the recess open and free to the contact of the side of the plane therewith. The body of the tool is grasped by the hand in the usual manner and operated longitudinally, so as to cut away all remaining portions of the recess f in longitudinal shavings. In this operation the base or guide portion b rests on one edge g of the core-opening, while the body or side of the plane rests against the opposite edge h of the core-opening, and as the cutter c lies flush with the rear portion of the under surface of the body or upright side of the plane which rests upon the surface being cut the plane will be guided in a diametrically accurate manner to hollow out the core-box along an absolutely semicircular line to produce a perfectly sernicylindrical recess.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. A core-box plane comprising a body portion or frame formed of an angularly-connected or L-shaped side and base, and a cutter-blade projecting through the upright side of the plane, and a rabbet groove or kerf formed in the under surface of the plane which extends from the edge of the cutter to the front end of the body of the plane, and the rear portion of the said under surface lying dush with the edge of the cutter whereby in the planing of a core-box the base and side of the plane will be accurately disposed relatively to the cutter and to the core-box.

2. A core-box plane which is L-shaped in cross-section and the upright section of which is provided with a cutter which is passed therethrongh, said upright portion being provided in the bottom thereof with a rabbet groove or kerf which extends from the cutting edge of the tool to the front end of the body portion.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of the subscribing witnesses, this 23d day of December, 1901.

ALFRED S. BROWER.

Witnesses:
F. A. STEWART,
F. F. TELLER.

No. 556,114 – Core-Box Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1896)

[paiddownloads id=”525″]556114

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

CORE-BOX PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 556,114, dated March 10, 1896.
Application filed September 18, 1895. Serial No. 562,829. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Core-Box Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes adapted for planing concaved surfaces of different areas, and more particularly designated as a “core-box” plane; and the object of the invention is to provide a plane having supplemental side extension-plates, whereby each or both sides of the stock can be extended to different widths and whereby the plane is rendered serviceable for finishing and planing core-boxes of a wide range of sizes, and also for use in connection with other concaved surfaces.

A further object of the invention is to provide a fastening means whereby the supplemental side extension-plates can be reversed and interchanged, or whereby they can all be secured to one side of the stock, and which fastening means is simple and easily and quickly manipulated.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a top view of a core-box plane constructed in accordance with this invention. Fig. 2 is an interior side view of one side of the plane, the other side thereof being removed and showing the juncture of the stock in section. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view in line a a, Fig. 1, looking toward the right hand thereof. Fig. 4 is an end view of the plane and shows same in position for planing one-half of a the core-box of comparatively-small size, and also shows the supplemental plates removed. Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4, illustrating the plane in use upon one-half of a core-box of larger size and having a supplemental side plate in position on each side of the stock; and Fig. 6 shows the plane in use on one-half of a core-box of comparatively-large size with the supplemental side plates in position on one side of the stock.

Similar characters of reference designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

The plane consists, in the preferred form thereof herein shown and described, of a suitable stock or relatively-thin plate 10, preferably constructed to form two diverging side plates 11 and 12, preferably extending at right angles to each other and joined at their inner edges. Adjacent to the juncture of the side plates, and preferably substantially midway of the length thereof, the stock is provided with a mouth or mortise 13, which is preferably shown forming an acute angle, and likewise preferably has its vertex at the point of juncture of the side plates. Adjacent to the mouth 13 on the interior of the side plates and adjacent to the juncture thereof the stock has the usual inclined bed 14 for the plane-iron, formed either integrally therewith or removably secured thereon in any suitable way as desired.

The plane-iron 15, which is shown herein having an acute-angled cutting-edge, is removably and adjustably seated on the bed 14; and secured thereto by the usual fastening and clamping means, which is shown consisting of the clamping plate or wedge 16 and the thumb-screw 17. The plane-iron 15, when in its normal operative position, has its cutting-edge projecting at the desired angle below the mouth of the stock, whereby each side plate of the stock will have one-half of the cutting-edge of the plane-iron extending therein.

Adjacent to the juncture of the diverging side plates 11 and 12 on the interior of the stock a suitable toat or handle 13 is secured in any suitable way and is shown herein clamped by means of a screw 20 to a bed 19, preferably formed integral with the side plates. Adjacent to the forward end of the stock, and likewise on the interior thereof and adjacent to the juncture of the side plates, a suitable knob or hand-rest 21 is likewise secured by means of a screw 22 and bed 23 in substantially a similar way to that of securing the toat 18.

The above-described plane is commonly known as the “core-box” plane and forms no part of my present invention, except in so far as the plane constitutes a basis for the same.

Heretofore in practice when necessary to plane or finish core-boxes of different sizes it has been the usual case to provide a plane sufficiently large to plane the largest size of core-box desired to be constructed, which plane, when used in connection with core-boxes having comparatively-small diameters, is extremely clumsy to use, and when desirable to obviate this disadvantage it has been the usual practice to construct core-box planes of different sizes for work on different sizes of core-boxes, which is not only expensive but a great disadvantage when it is desired to make a number of different sizes of such boxes. In order, therefore, to obviate these disadvantages I have provided, in connection with a core-box plane of any suitable and desired construction, a suitable attachment in the nature of a guide or rest and which guide or rest is adjustable and attachable to either or both sides of the stock, as desired, and in the preferred form thereof herein shown and described preferably consists of a supplemental extension plate or plates adapted to be secured to the stock with one of its edges in parallelism with the free edge of one of the side plates forming the stock by means of a suitable fastening device. In the construction shown two of these supplemental extension-plates are provided and designated in a general way by 25 and 35. These plates may be constructed of any desired thickness and width, but are preferably constructed of about the same width as the side plates forming the stock and of sufficient thickness to permit the outer side face thereof to be in alignment with the outer side face of the adjoining side plate of the stock when the supplemental plates are in position on the stock. These plates are likewise constructed of any suitable material, but preferably of the same material as the stock, which is usually of metal, and each plate is adapted to rest on the free edge of one of the respective stock-plates 11 and 12, with one of its edges in parallelism therewith, or on the free edge of a supplemental side plate 25 or 35. As a means for securing these supplemental extension side plates in position, the side plates 11 and 12 of the stock on the interior thereof are provided with any desired number of socketed brackets 26, preferably formed integral with such side plates, and in the construction shown each side plate of the stock is provided with two of these brackets 26, one near each end thereof. These brackets are provided with clamping devices projecting through the walls and intersecting the sockets thereof at right angles thereto, and in the form shown these clamping devices are in the nature of set-screws 27, working in threaded apertures in the walls of the brackets. Removably secured in each of these socketed brackets is a bolt or bar 23, having a part thereof projecting therefrom in a plane parallel with the plane of inclination of its adjacent stock side plate.

Each supplemental extension side plate has secured thereto by any suitable means, such as by rivets, or integrally formed therewith, if desired, suitable fastening means for the bolts 28, which fastening means is preferably shown herein consisting of brackets 36. These brackets 36 are in the nature of double-socketed brackets, and are provided with bolt openings or sockets 37 adapted to receive the bolts 28, and each extension-plate preferably has the same number of brackets 36 as each stock side plate. The brackets are so disposed, relatively to each supplemental side plate, that the two sockets 37 of each bracket are in alignment with each other and with the socket of the companion bracket 26 on the stock side plates when said supplemental extension-plates are in position relatively to the side plates of the stock, and each bracket has a socket 37 adjacent to each longitudinal edge of the plate and in parallelism with the side face thereof, whereby the plates are interchangeable and reversible. These brackets are provided with clamping devices 33, one adjacent to each socket thereof, substantially similar to the clamping devices of the stock side plates and secured therein in substantially the same way, whereby either edge of a supplemental plate can rest on the free edge of the stock side plate and be secured in such position by the clamping device 38 and bolt or stud 28.

In the use of this improved core-box plane when it is desired to plane or finish a core-box of comparatively-small size the supplemental side extension-plates 25 and 35 are removed and the plane used in the ordinary way. (See Fig. 4.) When, however, a core-box of larger size is to be planed, the supplemental side plates are secured in position, one to each side of the stock, by means of the bolts 28 and clamping devices 27 and adjacent clamping devices 38, (see Fig. 5, for instance,) whereby a concaved surface of comparatively-large area can be planed, the supplemental side entension-plates 25 and 35 forming a rest or guiding means for each side of the plane. When, however, a core-box of very large size is to be planed, one of the supplemental plates, as 25, together with its bolts 28, is removed from one side of the stock and the bolts slipped into the upper sockets 37 of the brackets 36 adjacent to the upper edge of the other side-plate 35, and the side plate 25 then secured in position by means of the clamping devices 38 adjacent to such upper sockets of the plate 35, whereby the supplemental side extension-plates of the plane form a rest or guiding means when the same is used to plane or finish the core-box concavity in a manner similar to that shown. in Fig. 6. Any number of these supplemental plates may be provided with each stock, whereby many different sizes of core-boxes can be finished or planed with one plane. By means of this improved construction of supplemental extension-plates the same are interchangeable with each other, whereby they can be used on either side of the stock and also reversible relatively to the stock-plates — that is to say, either longitudinal edge of each extension-plate can be secured in position contiguous to the longitudinal edges of the stock-plates — whereby one or both sides of the stock can be built up of any desired width in accordance with the number of plates used and the requirements of the plane. Moreover, if it is desired to increase the width of the sides of the plane, when one or more extension-plates are secured on the stock, without attaching an extra plate, the bolts can be made of such length that the supplemental plates can be adjusted relatively to the side plates of the stock or to their adjoining supplemental plates to leave a space between their adjoining edges, whereby the necessity of attaching an extra plate for a slight increase of width is obviated.

By means of my improved plane it will be obvious that when a small core-box is to be finished the plane can be used with the stock simply formed by the two side plates, which side plates, in the construction shown are comparatively light and of very much less width than in the ordinary construction of stock side plates, whereby in the use of the same upon comparatively-small core-boxes the plane is light and easy to handle.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is —

l. In a plane of the class specified, the combination of a stock constructed of two diverging plates; each of said plates having a pair of socketed brackets; a plurality of removable, interchangeable, and reversible extension-plates, each of said extension-plates having a pair of double-socketed brackets fixed thereto, the two sockets of each bracket being in alignment with each other and with a socketed bracket of one of the stock-plates, and each bracket of an extension-plate having a socket adjacent to each of its edges, whereby the extension-plates are interchangeable with each other and reversible relatively to the stock-plates, and whereby either longitudinal edge of an extension-plate can be secured in position contiguous to a stock-plate; bars or bolts removable with and independently of said extension-plates for securing said plates in position relatively to each other and to one side of the stock, to thereby increase the width of that side of said stock independently of the other side thereof, or to secure one or more of said plates to, and thereby increase the width of, each side of said stock; and fastening devices for securing said bars or bolts in position.

2. In a plane of the class specified, the combination of a stock constructed of two diverging side plates disposed at right angles to each other, and having a mouth at the juncture of said plates; a plane-iron in position adjacent to said mouth, and having its cutting-edge adapted to extend therethrough; each of said stock-plates having a pair of single-socketed brackets; a pair of removable, interchangeable, and reversible extension-plates, each of said extension-plates having a pair of double-socketed brackets fixed thereto, the two sockets of each bracket being in alignment with each other and with a socketed bracket of one of the stock-plates, and each bracket of an extension-plate having a socket adjacent to each of its edges, whereby the plates are interchangeable with each other and reversible relatively to the stock-plates, and whereby either longitudinal edge of an extension-plate can be secured in position contiguous to a stock-plate; bars or bolts removable with and independently of said extension-plates for securing said plates in position relatively to each other and to one side of the stock, to thereby increase the width of that side of said stock independently of the other side thereof, or to secure one or more of said plates to, and thereby increase the width of, each side of said stock; and fastening devices for securing said bars or bolts in position.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
F. N. STANLEY,
H. S. WALTER.

No. 468,362 – Carpenter’s Plane (Frank Phelps) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”483″]468362

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK PHELPS, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 468,362, dated February 9, 1892.
Application filed April 16, 1891. Serial No. 389,185. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK PHELPS, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Auburn, county of Cayuga, State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings on one sheet, making part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in that class of carpenters’ cutting and surface, smoothing tools generally denominated as “planes,” the stock of which is composed of wood or similar material; and the objects are to secure in such planes the advantages of trueness and freedom from wear which obtain in planes the stock of which is made of metal and at the same time retain the advantages of lightness which pertains to planes having the stock made of wood or similar material. I attain these objects by facing the ends and the sole of the stock of said plane with suitable plates of metal in the manner illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a carpenteifs plane having a wood stock with my improvements aflixed thereto, the ends being shown in broken section, so that a clearer view may be afforded of the application of the same. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the upper side of the metal sole-plate. Fig. 3 is a section of the stock of the plane and metal sole-plate through the line x x of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow z. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the metal end plates, taken with its inner side next the point of view. Fig. 5 is an end section of a beading-plane, showing the under surface of the metal sole-plate formed for beading, but attached to the stock, as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the bottom side of the metal sole-plate.

Throughout the several figures similar letters refer to similar parts.

In Fig. 1 A is the wood stock of the plane. B is the metal sole-plate, and C C are the metal end plates, which are affixed thereto.

Referring to Fig. 2, the metal sole-plate B has formed therein in proper working position the transverse slot D, which corresponds to and fits when in place over the mouth E of the wood stock A.

Longitudinally and approximately in a central position on the upper surface of the metal sole-plate B is provided the flange F, which is formed at either side of the transverse slot D at proper working angles to correspond with those of the mouth E of the wood stock A. The forward and rearward ends of the flange F of the metal sole-plate B have V-shaped notches or seats G G, as seen in Fig.2, the object of which V-shaped notches will presently be explained.

Formed on the upper surface of the metal sole-plate B and constituting a part thereof are arranged at appropriate intervals between the flange F and either edge of said metal sole-plate B one or more series of vertical projections H H H, &c., which are uniformly provided near their upper ends with the barbs or notches I I I, &c., the object of which will be presently seen.

On the under surface of the metal sole-plate B are provided countersinks J J J, &c., 7 5 (see Fig. 6,) which may be regularly or irregularly arranged thereon, as desired, the said countersinks J J J, &c., being connected with each other in any desired pattern by the channels K K K, &c., the object of the said countersinks and their connecting-channels being to afford sufficient air so as to prevent any adhesion between the under surface of the metal sole~plate B and the plane surface with which it may be brought in contact.

Metal end plates C C are provided for the ends of the wood stook A of the plane, which are constructed substantially as follows: On their inner sides and forming a part thereof are formed the V-shaped projections L L in such position as will assure their engagement when adjusted to position with the V-shaped notches G G, which are formed in either end of the fiange F of the metal sole-plate B. Near either end of the inner sides of the metal end plates C C and constituting a part thereof are provided the projections M M, which are formed at right angles thereto and which are furnished with barbs or notches N N, the object of which will be presently explained. The upper ends of the metal end plates C C are turned into the segment of a circle, as shown, thus presenting a symmetrical outline and doing away with sharp and obtrusive corners.

The wood stock A of the plane has formed in a central longitudinal position of the sole thereof the groove a, the purpose of which will be presently explained.

Having thus described in detail the essential features of my invention, I will now describe their adjustment on the stock of the plane and their arrangement with relation to each other when such has been effected. The upper surface of the metal sole-plate B and the lower surface of the stock A of the plane are brought into immediate contact with each other by a compression brought to bear upon either or both powerful enough to force the several series of vertical projections H H H, &c., formed on the upper surface of the metal sole-plate B, which have been described, into the wood stock A of the plane, the fiber of which on retracting, after the said operation, engaging with and filling in beneath the barbs or notches I I I, &c., serves to assure the permanent fastening and securing together of the wood stock A and the metal sole-plate B. During this operation the flange F of the metal sole-plate B is entered in the groove a, Fig. 3, of the wood stock A, and thus serves to assure against any lateral displacement of the several parts described during and subsequent to the operation. The metal end plates C C are next brought into position on either end of the wood stock A of the plane by being forced by compression or by being driven thereon, as deemed most expedient. During this operation the V-shaped projections L L, which are formed on and project from their inner sides, engage with the V-shaped notches G G, which are formed in either end of the flange F of the metal sole-plate B and serve at the same time to bring the ends of the metal sole-plate B and the wood stock A of the plane into the closer contact and there lock them, as well as the lower ends of the said metal end pieces C C, into a joint with the ends of the metal sole-plate B, which project sufficiently beyond the ends of the wood stock A of the plane for that purpose. During this operation, also, the projections M M, which are provided on and project at right angles from the inner sides near either end of the said metal end plates C C, are forced into the wood of the wood stock A of the plane, the fiber of which, retracting, engages with and fills in behind the barbs or notches N N, formed thereon, thus substantially and permanently securing the metal end plates C C to the wood stock A of the plane and assisting, also, in the further permanent stability and securing of the ends of the metal sole-plate B, already described.

I am aware that metal plates for protecting and assuring the correctness of tools and instruments of precision, which are largely composed of wood and the said plates secured thereto in various ways, are and have for some time been in use; but I am not aware that such metal plates formed and arranged as has been described have been used in connection with carpenters’ planes or otherwise for the purpose and objects or in the manner set forth herein; therefore

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is —

I claim —

1. In a carpenter’s plane, the combination of a stock having a centrally-disposed longitudinal groove formed in its under surface with a metal sole-plate provided on its upper surface with a series of barbed vertical projections arranged near either side thereof, and a centrally-disposed longitudinal upwardly-projecting iiange, substantiallyin the manner and for the purpose herein described and specified.

2. In a carpenter’s plane, a stock having a centrally-disposed longitudinal groove formed in its under surface and a metal sole-plate provided on its upper surface with a series of barbed vertical projections arranged near either side thereof, a centrally-disposed longitudinal upwardly-projecting flange provided at either end with V-shaped notches, and a transverse slot D, in combination with the metal end plates provided on their inner sides with centrally-disposed V-shaped projections and near either end with barbed projections at right angles thereto, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein specified and described.

3. In a carpenter’s plane, a stock having a centrally-disposed longitudinal groove formed in its under surface, a metal sole-plate provided on its upper surface with a series of barbed vertical projections arranged near either side thereof, a centrally-disposed longitudinal upwardly-projecting flange provided at either end with V-shaped notches, a transverse slot D, and the lower surface of said sole-plate provided with countersinks connected with each other by channels, and metal end plates provided on their inner sides with centrally-disposed V-shaped projections and near either end with barbed projections at right angles thereto, the whole combined and arranged in the manner and for the purpose herein described and specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 2d day of April, A. D. 1891.

FRANK PHELPS.

Witnesses:
JOHN J. TROWBRIDGE,
W. N. JENNINGS.

No. 345,278 – Core-Box Planer (Charles Henry Slicer Collins) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”411″]345278

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES HENRY SLICER COLLINS, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

CORE-BOX PLANER.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 345,278, dated July 13, 1886.
Application filed March 17, 1886. Serial No. 195,610. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES HENRY SLICER COLLINS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Core-Box Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to an improvement in core-box planes; and it consists in the peculiar construction and combination of devices, that will be morefully set forth hereinafter, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my invention, partly in section. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same, showing the plane in operative position for planing a semi-cylindrical surface in a core-box. Fig. 3 is a detailed end elevation of the frame. Fig. 4: is a detail sectional view of the same, taken on the line x x of Fig. 1.

A represents the frame of the plane, which is composed of the metallic plates B, secured together at one edge and extending at right angles from each other. The plates B are connected at their front and rear ends by brace-plates C. In the angle formed by the two plates B, near the rear end of the same, is secured a handle, D, and in the angle formed by the two plates and near the front ends thereof is secured a projecting stud or standard, E, for the operator to take hold of with his left hand, his right hand grasping the handle D.

E’ represents a block, which is located in the angle formed by the plates B, and extends vertically midway between said plates. The front side of this block is inclined at an angle of about forty-five degrees, and is provided on opposite sides of the web of the block with flanges e, forming a broad bearing-face for the bit F, the point of which is beveled on opposite sides, as shown in Fig. 2, and extends through an opening, G, made between the converging edges of the plates B, in rear of the standard E.

H represents a clamp, which is provided with depending arms having inwardly-projecting studs that engage the under sides of the flanges e of the block E’, the said clamp having a spring, i, which bears on the upper side of the plane-bit, and provided with a thumb-latch, K, which is pivoted in the rear end of the clamp H and bears against the outer end of the spring. By this construction it will be readily understood that the plane-bit may be secured to the frame A at any desired adjustment, and moved in or out through the opening G in the said frame.

In Fig. 3, L represents extension-plates which are provided on one edge with extended arms M, through which arms pass screws N, that work in threaded openings O, made near the upper edges of the plates B, whereby the said extension-plates L may be secured to the outer edges of the plate B, or removed therefrom. By thus providing the extension-plates for the side plates of the frame of the plane, the latter is adapted for planing semi-cylindrical openings or grooves of any desired diameter.

The operation of the plane will be readily understood from an inspection of Fig. 2 and the foregoing description. The groove in the core-box a is first roughly gouged out, as shown, and the radius of the groove is drawn at each end of the core-box, as represented by the dotted lines c in said Fig. 2.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

l. The combination of the frame having the rigid sides B, arranged at right angles to each ether, connecting by rigid brace-plates C, and the planing-bit projecting through an opening in the converging edges of the sides, and the extension-plates L, extending out at the same angle as the sides B, and means for securing the said plates to the outer edges of the sides, for the purpose set forth, substantially as described.

2. In a core-box plane, the frame comprising the rigid sides B, arranged at right angles to each other, the rigid plates C, connecting the sides at the ends, and the extension-plates L, secured to the outer edges of the sides B, and extending upward at the same angle as the sides, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHAS. HENRY SLICER COLLINS.

Witnesses:
JOSEPH GOBEILLE,
FREDERICK JABEZ RANDALL.

No. 307,223 – Plane (Charles H. Pike) (1884)

[paiddownloads id=”377″]307223

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES H PIKE, OF WEST TROY, NEW YORK.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 307,223, dated October 28, 1884.
Application filed June 28, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. PIKE, of West Troy, in the county of Albany and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Wood-Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple, efficient, and inexpensive tool to be used by wood-workers for economically dressing out the hollow faces of pieces of lumber or timber used in making round or curved work, such as tubes, stair-cylinders, or round or curved patterns to make castings from, and a large variety of crooked or curved work.

The invention consists of a woodplane having a stock made in two parts, hinged to each other so as to be adjusted and fastened at any required angle with each other, for causing the cutter held at the angle of the two part stock to dress the roughed-out work to the required transverse curve as the plane is rocked axially while being passed backward and forward over the work, with the faces of the opposite parts of the stock resting on trued edges of the work.

The invention includes, also, particular construction and combination of parts of the plane, all as hereinafter fully described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is an outside longitudinal sectional elevation of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a front end view thereof. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional elevation on the line x x, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a front view illustrating the manner of using the plane, and Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view.

I make the plane-stock in two parts or sections — the part A, to which the cutters C c and handle D are held, and a part, B, which is jointed to the part A lengthwise on pivots E, which pass through lugs e e formed at the ends of the parts A B. At the front end of the plane the parts A B of the stock have fixed curved or segmental arms F G, respectively, which arms are centrally slotted, as at f, and the arms are so shaped and located that their slots coincide always, irrespective of the angle at which the parts A B are set relatively to each other. A headed screw-bolt, H, is passed through the slots of both arms, F G, and has a suitable thumb-nut, I, by which the arms may be bound tightly to each other to hold the parts A B of the stock at any relative angle at which they may be set.

I prefer to make that part of the screw-bolt H which enters the slots f of the curved arms square in cross-section, and fit it loosely in the slots, which allows the nut I to be turned on and off or tightened or loosened without holding the head of the bolt H.

I propose to graduate the top edges of the curved arms F G, as at g, Fig. 1, so that the angle at which the part B of the stock is set with the part A thereof will clearly be indicated, and the adjustment of said parts A B with each other by swinging one or both of them on the pivots E may more readily and correctly be made.

I provide the stock parts A B with the extension pieces or fences A’ B’, respectively, which are fastened on by screws, as at i, so that wider or narrower fence-pieces may quickly be substituted one for the other, as the nature of the work shall require.

I hold the main cutter C against the shoulder-plate a of the part A by means of a cam-lever, K, which is pivoted on a stout pin between lugs a’ a’ on the part A, and so that when the lever-handle k is swung over flat against the part A the acting head K’ of the lever K will bind the cutter C firnily to the shoulder a. A rib or shoulder, a2, on the part A, in front of the cutter C, forms the front wall of the throat of the plane, and the outer face of the lever-head K’ inclines to the stock suitably to permit free passage of the shavings. The cutter c, in advance of the main cutter, is an ordinary dado or slitting cutter set in a face-slot of the stock. I fasten the handle within a socket formed at d in the stock and by means of a screw, d’, as shown, which makes a strong connection. The cutter C is beveled back and sharpened, so that it will cut at the faces of both parts A B of the stock; but the main cutting-edge is the one, l, which projects from the lower edge of the part A, and is beveled back slightly across the width of the cutter from the sharp corner m, between the cutting-edges l n. (See Fig. 5.)

In operating the plane either lengthwise or crosswise of the grain of the wood, the parts A B of the stock will be set at the required relative angle, and there fastened by the screw bolt and nut H I. The work having been roughed out, as at N, Fig. 4, and the two top corners of the work at the edges o o of the groove or channel, to be finished having been trued or straightened to serve as guides to the faces of the stock parts A B and their extension-fences A’ B’, the plane is laid on the edges o o and gradually turned on its lengthwise axis as it is moved backward and forward to permit the cutters c C to remove successive shavings from the roughed-out hollow face at N and produce a truly-curved and quite smoothly-finished face, as at O. With the faces of the parts A B of the stock set about at right angles with each other, half-circles, as at O, ranging from one and one-quarter inches to six or eight inches across, may be finished. It is evident that should the parts A B be set at a greater or obtuse angle with each other the finished work will be in segments of larger circles, depending on the extent of the angular adjustment of the two parts of the stock. The greater the angularity of the faces the larger the sweep of the circle described by the cutter will be, as will readily be understood.

The dado-cutter c is especially useful in cross-grain cutting, as when a number of pieces are fastened together to finish their inner faces to serve as parts of patterns for wheels and the like.

My improved plane may be used to cut tapering segmental grooves, and in doing this the groove will be laid out in pencil at the opposite ends of the work and along the face, and then the groove will be roughed out, and by keeping the right-hand wing down and the other wing free and shoving the plane in line with the axis of the groove from the larger toward the srnaller end of the groove one-half of it will be dressed out. The work then is reversed, and the left-hand wing is kept down and the right-hand one free, and the plane is shoved as before, which will finish the groove to the taper required, as I have often done; but this use of the plane requires skill in handling it.

By placing the end of the plane onto the circle or segment laid out at the end of the work, the plane-wings may be set to any segment.

I propose to make all parts of the plane of metal, except the fence-pieces A’ B’ and the handle D, which will be made of wood. It requires but a slight filing and sand-paper dressing to bring the trued faces O produced by the cutters to a smooth finish.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent —

1. The bench-plane comprising the wings or sections hinged or pivoted directly together, one of said wings or sections having a lateral base portion to form the bit-stock, and the two-edged cutter or bit with one edge disposed to project through one side or face of said bitstock wing or section and the other edge disposed to project through the bottom side or face of said lateral portion, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a bench-plane, the hinged or pivoted sections or wings, one of said wings or sections carrying a two-edged cutter or bit with one edge at right angles to the other edge, and a single-edged cutter disposed in line with one of the cutting-edges of said two-edged cutter, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a bench-plane, the hinged or pivoted sections or wings, one carrying a two-edged cutter with one edge at right angles to the other edge, and a single-edged cutter disposed in line with one edge of said two-edged cutter, said wings or sections having adjustable extensions, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a bench-plane, the hinged or pivoted sections or wings, one having a two-edged cutter with one edge at right angles to the other edge, and the single-edged cutter disposed in alignment with one edge of said two-edged cutter, said wings or sections being connected by curved slotted arms and adjusting-screw, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. In a bench-plane, the bit-stock wing or section with the bit throat or passage formed of an inclined bit-supporting plate and a second inclined plate disposed a short distance in advance of said bit-supporting plate, in combination with the cam-lever pivoted upon a pin between lugs of said wing or section, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a bench-plane, the bit-stock section or wing with the bit throat or passage formed of an inclined bit-supporting plate and a second inclined plate disposed a short distance in advance of the bit-supporting plate, in coinbination with the cam-lever with its head bearing against the bit stock or shank and its flat side bearing against said section or wing, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. In a bench-plane, the section or wing having a square socket, in combination with the handle having a square enlargement and disposed obliquely or at an acute angle to said enlargement, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

CHARLES H. PIKE.

Witnesses:
SAMUEL ANDREWS,
THOS. J. LACY.

No. 127,541 – Improvement In Plane-Stocks (Samuel M. Adams) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”196″]127541

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL M. ADAMS, OF FITCHBURG, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-STOCKS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 127,541, dated June 4, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL M. ADAMS, of Fitchburg, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Plane-Stock; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawing which accompanies and forms part of this specification, is a description of my invention sufdcient to enable those skilled in the art to practice it.

In making patterns for castings it is often necessary to plane long straight faces, which are curved in cross-section, and as such faces differ so that in different patterns there are hardly two faces alike — for which reason there has to be, in every complete set of pattern-maker’s tools, a great variety of planes with curved-faced stocks and curved-edged bits.

My object has been to produce a plane in which the face of the stock could be adjustably curved, so that, with the same or with different bits, and with the same stock, faces to be planed may be brought to various curves, as desired, by fitting the plane thereto.

My invention consists in a plane-stock formed of sections, each of which has a plain straight face in the direction of the length of the plane, said sections being so connected that they may be relatively adjusted so as to present faces more or less curved in cross-section, the faces of the stock being brought to the form desired preferably by means of a pattern or gauge, and being then fastened; while for a bit or cutting-iron there may be selected a bit with a proper-shaped edge; or for slight medications one bit can be used. My invention consists in a plane or plane-stock the face of which is made up of plates or sections hinged together, and made relatively and independently adjustable, and having provision for fastening them in any position to which they may be brought by adjustment.

The drawing represents a plane-stock embodying my invention.

A shows a plan of it; B, a reverse plan or bottom view. C is a cross-section on the line x x D is a cross-section on the line y y.

a denotes the frame of the stock; b, the handle; c, the bit or iron; all made in the usual manner. To the frame as is fixed a center permanent or relatively immovable rib, d, having a face, e, and to the opposite sides of said rib d are jointed two other ribs, f having cutting-faces g, and to the ribs f two ribs, h, with cutting-faces i, and to the ribs h ribs k with cutting-faces l, there being as many of these ribs and faces as may be desirable.

When the faces are in line they constitute the flat face of an ordinary plane, and from this line or plane they are moved, as occasion may require a curved face to be planed. For this purpose the plates are jointed together by suitable ears and pins, as seen at m, and from each a jointed arm, n, extends, the several arms at either end of the plane passing through a sleeve or opening, in which, by means of a cam-lever, o, or an eccentric, p, they may be clamped together.

By means of a plane thus made a great variety of straight work curved in section may be planed with one tool, which work, without such a tool, would require as many planes as there were variations in surfaces to be planed.

The specific construction shown may, of course, be varied, both as relates to the connection of the sections and as to the means for clamping them in position.

I claim —

A plane-stock made up of sections connected together, substantially as shown and described.

SAMUEL M. ADAMS.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS GOULD,
M. W. FROTHINGHAM.

No. 13,957 – Patternmakers Core Box Plane (John P. Robinson) (1855)

[paiddownloads id=”27″]13957

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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JOHN P. ROBINSON, OF MATTEAWAN, NEW YORK.

PLANE FOR FINISHING GROOVES IN PATTERNS &c.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 13,957, dated December 18, 1855.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. ROBINSON, of Matteawan, in the county of Dutchess and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Plane for Cutting or Forming Grooves Designed Chiefly for Patternmakers’ Use; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1, is an ened view of my improvement. Fig. 2, is a longitudinal verticle section of ditto, the plane of section being through the center. Figs. 3, 4, 5 are end views of my improvement in different positions showing the manner in which the grooves are formed. Fig. 6, is an end view of ditto, the form of the plane being slightly varied from those shown in the proceeding figures. Fig. 7, is a perspective view of the block of wood showing a taper groove formed by my improvement.

Similar letters of reference indicate coresponding parts in the several figures.

My invention consists in having the stock of the plane made in triangular or three sided prismatic form the cutting edge of the iron being at the junction of it’s two lower sides and shaped to correspond to the form of the sides as will be presently shown and described whereby half round and other shaped grooves of different sizes may be cut.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and construct my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A, represents the stock or body of the plane which is of triangular or three sided prismatic form.

B, represents the plane iron which passes through the center of the upper side of the plane stock, the cutting edge of the plane iron is pointed or has beveled edges corresponding with the inclination of the two lower sides of the stock as shown clearly in Fig. 1.

In Figs 1, 3, 4 and 5, the two lower sides of the stock meet at a right angle, and in Fig. 6 the angle formed by the junction of the two lower sides is acute or less than a right angle.

The width of the plane iron, B, is such that each of the lower sides of the stock will have a suitable length of cutting edge of the iron projecting through it, a suitable thwart C, being made through the stock as shown in Fig. 2.

The plane is used in the following manner: The stuff in which the groove is to be cut is marked or lined to indicate the desired width of the groove. The spaces between the marks or lines may then be chipped or roughed out a requisite depth as desired with a gouge or other instrument, or the whole of the groove may be cut with the plane, if the latter plan is preferred a shallow cut is made by the plane on each line or mark, and the edge of the plane formed by the junction of the two lower sides is placed in one of these cuts as shown in Fig. 3 and the plane operated similar to other tools of the kind. One side or edge only of the plane iron cuts in the groove and when the plane has cut one half of the groove it, the plane, will be in an upright position as shown in Fig. 4. The lower edge of the stock is then placed in the opposite cut and the other half of the groove is cut. The plane stock being of triangular form rests against the edges of the groove and determines its depth, so that if the two lower sides of the stock are at right angles to each other, the groove will be of semi-circular form, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, 4 and 5 but if the lower sides form an acute angle as shown in Fig. 6 the groove will be a semi-ellipse deeper than it is wide and if the sides form an obtuse angle the groove will be wider than it is deep.

Grooves may be made of taper form as shown at D, fig 7, and they may be made of any width and depth, the depth of course corresponding to the width and angle formed by the two lower sides of the stock.

The above implement or tool is intended chiefly for patternmakers’ use, where grooves of varying sizes require to be made.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,

Constructing the plane stock A, of triangular or three sided prismatic form, the two lower sides forming a greater or less angle with each other and the plane iron, B, fitted in the stock as shown for the purpose set forth.

JOHN. P. ROBINSON.

Witnesses:
CHAUNCEY GREEN,
ADOLPHUS VANDEWATER.