Tag: Stanley Rule & Level

No. 719,051 – Plane (Walter L. Scott) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”580″]719051

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WALTER L. SCOTT, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 719,051, dated January 27, 1903.
Application filed October 21, 1902. Serial No. 128,125. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER L. SCOTT, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to improvements in planes, and particularly to plane-handles.

The object of this invention is to provide a detachable handle which may be applied to a plane at the side thereof, so that when the plane is used upon its side the operator may have a convenient and effective means to hold the plane and apply to it power sufficient to cause it to operate efficiently in the intended manner. Heretofore in using tools of this character with the edge of the knife placed vertically it has been not only extremely awkward for the operator, but very difficult, to keep the plane in the proper position to get true and effective work. Frequently the thing to be planed is of such a shape or is so located that it cannot be placed upright to permit the plane to be used in the ordinary way, with the hired handle upright, and it is because on occasions it is necessary to use the plane on its side that I have found my improved detachable handle to be a feature of great convenience and utility.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane with the detachable handle applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a plan view. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the plane-stock and detachable handle, as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a view of the inside of the detachable handle.

A represents the stock of an iron plane. B is a handle permanently attached to the rear end thereof.

C is a front knob or handle, also usually permanently attached to the stock A. In ordinary use the operator grasps the two handles B C, The other details of the plane proper, such as the knife and the adjusting devices, it is unnecessary to describe in detail herein, because they constitute no part of this invention.

D is the body of a detachable handle, preferably in the form of a shell, since it provides a strong and light construction.

E is a lip on one side of the body D, the same being by preference of sufficient length to give a long flat bearing. Obviously the number of these lips E is immaterial. Two short lips spaced apart would give the same result. The lip E will for convenience of expression be termed herein the “fiat” lip. F is a hooked lip at the opposite side of the body D, the hook facing the flat lip E. Ordinarily the stock A of a metal plane is provided with cheek-pieces, one on each side, and these cheek-pieces are generally shaped as shown in Fig. 1, in which they incline upwardly from each end to a high point or crown.

In attaching the handle-body D the flat lip E is placed against the bottom of the plane-stock, and the handle is then pushed forward toward the highest part of the cheek-piece until the hooked lip F engages with it and may be wedged thereon, the hook of the lip F overstanding the upper edge of the cheek-piece and securing the handle in place on the side of the plane. The operator may then use the plane with one or both hands.

In case one hand is used the palm is placed against the rear side of the body D and the fingers are placed over the top of the plane, giving a secure grip. The position of the plane will then be on its side and the same may be pushed along the side or edge of the thing to be planed and the work done with ease and accuracy. In case the operator desires to use two hands he may grasp the solid handle B with one hand and the detachable handle D with the other, the latter taking the place of the knob-handle C. When the work is completed, the handle D may be easily removed by sliding the same backward and freeing the hook F from the cheek-piece of the stock.

Obviously the particular shape of the handle and its particular construction may be varied and modified in such ways as will suggest themselves to the mechanic skilled in the art without departure from the spirit and scope of this invention.

What I claim is —

1. A side handle for a plane comprising a body portion and means projecting from said body for detachably engaging the same at the side of a plane-stock.

2. A side handle for a plane comprising a body portion and means for frictionally engaging the same with the cheek-piece of the plane-stock.

3. A side handle for a plane comprising a body portion D, a flat lip on one side, and a lip on the opposite side said lips adapted to engage with the plane-stock.

4. A side handle for a plane comprising a body portion D, a flat lip at one edge thereof, and a hooked lip at the opposite edge thereof.

5. A side handle for a plane comprising a body portion, a lip on one edge thereof, a lip on the other side thereof, one of said lips being hooked.

Signed at San Francisco, California, this 10th day of October, 1902.

WALTER L. SCOTT.

Witnesses:
GEORGE PATTISON,
J. W. WRIGHT.

No. 710,678 – Plane (Charles H. Fox) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”574″]710678

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES H. FOX, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 710,678, dated October 7, 1902.
Application filed December 31, 1901. Serial No. 87,942. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. FOX, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to bench-planes; and it consists, substantially, in the improvements hereinafter more particularly described.

Without attempting to enumerate the advantages of the present invention by comparison with other planes hitherto devised it may be stated that the present invention has for its object to provide a plane of simple and effective construction and organization and one in which the plane mechanism is economically and compactly seated in place upon the stock in such manner as to overcome or prevent any tendency to chattering ot the operative portion of the plane-iron, and also to provide an extended bearing for the rear or under side of the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, and to greatly strengthen the fastening for such frame without materially adding to the weight of the plane.

A further object is to provide means for preventing dislodgment or disorganization of the plane mechanism either in part or in entirety due to any tendency thereof to rise from its seat upon the stock, from drag upon the plane-iron, or from other causes.

A still further object of the invention is to provide means for fastening the supporting-frame to the stock in the most. rigid and secure manner, while readily permitting vertical or up and down adjustments of such frame for the purpose of effecting changes in the position of a wearing-sole in conformity with the needs thereof, and also to provide means whereby the up and down adjusting devices for the plane-iron are housed in part and protected against accidental displacement in the use of the plane.

The above and additional objects are attained by means substantially such as are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a plane embodying my improvements, said view being taken just to one side of the median line of the width of the stock, several of the parts being shown in elevation. Fig. 2 is a top or plan view thereof with the plane mechanism removed. Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal sectional view of the top iron of the plane. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view similar to Fig. 1 to more clearly indicate the construction and organization of parts or elements comprising or constituting the plane mechanism, the stock or body of the plane being broken off at each end. Fig. 5 is also a similar view taken to one side of the median line of the width of the stock and just to the outer side of one of the fastening-screws for the frame of the plane mechanism, so as to clearly show the construction and organization. Fig. 6 is a view looking at the rear or under side of the supporting-frame for the plane mechanism, said plate being minus any of such mechanism as well as the adjusting elements for the plane-iron; and Fig. 7 is a view looking at the front or upper side of the supporting-frame, the stock and top iron being shown in vertical section and the laterally-adjusting lever for the plane-iron being partly broken off.

Before proceeding with a more detailed description it may be stated that in the practice of my invention I provide the body or stock of the plane of any suitable wood, and I form therein from top to bottom an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is inclined to provide a seat of proper angle or inclination for the plane-iron mechanism and the surface of the front wall of which is specially constructed at the bottom of the stock to cooperate with the lower end of the frame of the plane mechanism, as and for the purpose hereinafter specifically explained. To provide an extended and continuous bearing-surface for the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, I extend the rearwardly and upwardly inclined surface of the rear wall of the opening in the stock some distance above the top of the stock, and preferably such extension is in duplicate with the parts thereof on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock. The supporting-frame is provided separately with some suitable laterally and vertically adjusting devices for the plane-iron, and the said plane-stock and supporting-frame are so constructed that the principal parts of the said vertically-adjusting devices are snugly and conveniently housed in such manner as not to become broken or disarranged accidentally while the plane is in use, yet readily accessible for adjusting or changing the position of the plane-iron. Preferably the upward extensions of the surface of the rear wall of the opening in the stock are of metal, constituting integral parts of the plane-iron, and the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism is provided with a sole or wear plate receiving the wear of the plane and havinga throat for the play of the operative end of the plane-iron. The supporting-frame is also otherwise specially constructed at its lower end to cooperate with the said specially-constructed part of the surface of the front wall of the plane-opening to prevent uprising or dislodgment of said frame and the other parts of the plane mechanism supported or carried thereby, and preferably, also, the fastenings for the frame are introduced into the said duplicate metal extensions of the rear surface of the opening of the stock rather than in the stock itself. The construction enables use to be made of plane stocks or bodies of comparatively limited height and is otherwise especially advantageous, both from a commercial and practical point of view.

Specific reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein an embodiment of my invention is shown and which maybe the preferred embodiment, A represents the stock or body of the plane, constructed of any suitable wood for the purpose and formed therein at the proper point of its length with an opening a, the surface b of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined at an angle of about forty-five degrees (45°) to the base of the plane, so as to give to the plane mechanism seated upon such surface the proper inclination within such opening. The lower corner of the front wall c of said opening a is also cut off or beveled to produce a similarly-inclined shorter surface d, which is preferably parallel with the said surface b, for the purpose hereinafter understood. In the top surface thereof the said plane stock or body is cut out or recessed a short distance centrally thereof, so as to provide a cavity e, leading rearwardly from the opening a and designed to partially receive the operating element of the up and down adjusting devices for the plane-iron in the manner shown and as hereinafter specifically set forth. Secured in place upon the upper portion of the stock or body by means of screws or similar fastenings f is the top iron B, which is constructed with parallel and slightly raised or elevated side portions g g, the inner surfaces of which may be practically flush or even with the corresponding surfaces of the sides of the opening a, already referred to. Said side portions g g are united by an integral rib h, connecting the same at about the upper forward edge of said opening a, and forwardly of said rib the said top iron is formed with a short longitudinal extension i, on which is seated the knob or forward handle j of the plane, said knob being held in place by a screw k, entering the stock through a suitable opening therefor in said forward extension. The rearward ends of the side portions g g of the top iron gradually decrease in height and slightly converge at l l, whence they terminate in parallel elevated flanges m m, formed on a rearward longitudinal extension n, and upon which latter, between said flanges, is seated the base o of the main or rear handle C of the plane, said handle being securely fastened in place by a screw-rod p, passing through the same and secured at its lower end in a threaded opening in the said extension n therefor. The forward part of said rearward extension it of the top iron is cut out or notched at n’, so as to bring the inner edges e’ thereof about even with the side and rearward edges of the recess or cavity e of the plane-stock, and thus are formed the integral flanges s s of the top iron, which are seated upon the upper surface of said stock on opposite sides of the said recess or cavity therein. Said flanges are each provided with a hole or opening for the passage of a screw t, which enters the stock on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the same, and thus is an extremely rigid and compact structure derived. Said side flanges s s of the top iron are each widened somewhat at s’, and they also constitute bases for preferably duplicate integral supports u u for the frame D of the plane mechanism E, said supports of course being also on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane and being integral at the outer sides thereof with the adjacent inner surfaces of the rear ends of the side portions g g of the top iron. In this way increased width or thickness of each of the said supports it is obtained for the formation therein of a threaded opening v for the reception of a screw w for securing the supporting-frame D in place and which construction does not materially add to the weight of the plane. The forward edges or faces x x of said supports u u are faced off in the same plane and at an upward and rearward inclination corresponding to the angle of inclination of the surface b of the rear wall of opening a in the stock, and thus said faces of the said supports constitute practical upward continuations or extensions of said surface b. In this way an increased, even, and continuous bearing-surface is obtained for the under side of the supporting-frame D of the plane mechanism, as is obvious. The frame D is substantially a rectangular plate the upper part d’ of which is comparatively thin, while the remaining lower portion thereof is of increased thickness, for the purpose hereinafter understood, although recessed or hollowed out, as at y y, on its upper surface, so as to lessen the weight thereof as much as possible without any less of strength. At its lower end the said supporting-frame is formed or provided with a sole d2, in which is formed transversely a throat d3 for the player working of the lower and operative end of the plane-iron F in a manner well known. Also formed with said frame and preferably on the upper part of said sole-plate forwardly of the throat therein is a wedge G, the forward surface of which is at a corresponding angle to the undercut or beveled portion d of the surface of the front wall of the said opening a in the stock. Formed on the under side of the frame D, about centrally thereof, is a pendent or hanging portion d5, having in its rear face a threaded opening in which works the inner end of an adjusting-screw d4, having thereon an operating-button d5, provided with collars 1 1, forming between them a circumferential groove 2, in which are received on opposite sides of said screw the ends of the furcated arm 3 of a swinging lever 4, having its bearing on a rod or pin 5 between short flanges 6 6, also formed on the under side of said frame, the end or nose of the shorter arm 7 of such lever protruding forwardly through an adjacent opening or slot 8 in the said frame, all as shown. The said elements constitute the usual or well-known vertical or up-and-down adjusting devices for the plane-iron F, and it will be seen that the same are brought to a comparatively low position with reference to the plane-stock, the operating-button d5 thereof extending partly into the cavity e of the stock, thus economizing greatly in the space consumed or occupied by said devices as a whole. Moreover, in virtue of the lower part of the frame D being of an increased thickness downwardly, beginning at a point somewhat below the point of suspension of the lever 4 thereon, said adjusting devices are thus carried forwardly a distance about equaling the difference of thickness between the two parts of said frame, and are thereby caused to be snugly housed in the space between the inclined extended bearings or supports u u. In this way the operation of the adjusting devices in question may be effected without difficulty, while at the same time they are prevented in large measure from breakage or disarrangement by contact with external objects in the handling of the plane. Above the opening or slot 8 in the upper part of frame D is a recess 9, in which works a button 10, carried on the end of the well-known form of laterally-adjusting lever 11 for the plane-iron pivoted at 12 on the frame, the said button engaging, as usual, the sides or edges of a longitudinal slot or opening 13 in said plane-iron. Screwing in to the said supporting frame or plate D ofthe frame mechanism, about centrally of the width thereof and at a point about corresponding to the upper surface of the plane-stock, is an upwardly and forwardly projecting screw 15, over which is fitted the plane-iron F, having secured thereto by means of screw 16 the ordinary top plate F2, and above the top plate and also fitting ever the screw by means of an opening or slot 17 therein is the usual clamping device or lever 18, with the edges of the said slot therein engaging under the head of said screw, the parts all being held together within the opening a of the stock by the clamping action of said clamping-lever 18 caused by the cam 19 when turned down against the top plate by means of its operating-lever 20, the said cam bearing directly upon a spring 21, secured on the under side of said clamping-lever and all operating in an obvious manner. Formed in the said supporting frame or plate D, on either side of the median line of the width thereof, are the slots er openings 25, the lower edge of each of which is substantially in the plane of the longer axis of screw 15, and the length of each of which is only suflicient for maximum vertical or up-and-down adjustments of the frame, whereby the sole d2 at the lower end thereof may be carried to any extent of protrusion beyond the under or wearing surface of the stock by which to practically receive and sustain the greater part of the wear of the plane in use. Said slots or openings 25 are also in direct line with the screw-holes v v in the extensions or supports u u, the original position of such openings prior to any adjustment of the frame being about midway the length of the slots, substantially as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, and the frame is chamfered or countersunk at 27 around the edges of said slots, so as to bring the heads of the fastening-screws w for the frame at least flush with or below the upper surface of the latter, and thereby enabling an even seating of the plane-iron upon said frame. From the construction and organization shown and described it will be seen that the fastening-screws w for the frame D are brought into the nearest practical proximity or relationship with the said forwardly-projecting screw 15, and thus is there partially established a counterbalance between the opposing forces acting separately on said screw 15 and the screws w, the one force tending to pull the frame outwardly or upwardly and the other tending to hold the frame (and consequently the entire frame mechanism) down upon its seat or bearing upon the stock within the opening a therein. Inasmuch, however, as the pressure or force exerted by cam 19 as well as that exerted by screws w are both on the same side of and above screw 15, which latter it will be understood is a fulcrum for the clamping bow or lever 18, there is a slight tendency to uprising of the lower end of the frame D, which tendency is successfully or effectually resisted by the forward inclined face of the wedge G firmly abutting or engaging the opposing inclined surface d of the lower part of the front wall of the said opening a, in the stock. In this way there is established a most perfect counterbalance or equilibrium of the forces acting upon the parts of the planes in different or opposing directions, thereby overcoming or preventing any tendency to vibration or chattering of the plane-iron irrespective of the degree of hardness of the wood upon which the plane is used.

It will be seen from the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying illustrations, that I have provided a bench-plane possessing compactness and stability and one in which adjustments may be made readily and accurately without loss of time. The plane is strong and capable of withstanding all the handling incident to the conditions under which the same may be used, and the general commercial as well as practical advantages thereof will be apparent without further mention. It will be understood, of course, that I do not limit myself to the precise details of construction and organization of the elements of the plane, since changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having described my invention, I claim —

l. A plane-stock with an opening therein having duplicate upward extensions of the surface of the rear wall thereof, such surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

2. A plane-stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and provided with duplicate upward extensions thereof, such surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

3. A plane-stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and provided on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock with duplicate upward extensions thereof, such surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

4. A plane-stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, and a top iron secured to the stock and formed with duplicate directly-continuous extensions of such surface, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

5. A plane-stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly-inclined and of the same alinement throughout, and the lower part of the front wall of which is undercut in parallelism therewith, said stock being provided with a top iron having duplicate directly-continuous extensions of such rear-wall surface, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

6. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of such surface located on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism having vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron housed between the extensions, and means securing the supporting member of said plane mechanism to the faces of said extensions, said means entering said extensions at the said faces thereof.

7. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, said stock being also formed in the top thereof with a cavity extending rearwardly of said opening, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of the rear-wall surface of the stock-opening on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism comprising a supporting-frame provided on the under side of the upper portion thereof with vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron, said supporting-frame resting upon such rear-wall surface and its extensions, and secured to the latter, and also being of increased thickness below the point of suspension of the adjusting devices thereon, whereby such devices are brought to a housed position between the duplicate extensions and partially received in the cavity in the stock.

8. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly-inclined and of the same alinement throughout, said stock being also formed in the top thereof with a cavity extending rearwardly of said opening, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of the rear-wall surface of the stock-opening on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism comprising a supporting-frame having duplicate slots and provided on the under side of the upper portion thereof with vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron, said supporting-frame resting upon such rear-wall surface and its extensions, and also being of greatest thickness below the point of suspension of the adjusting devices thereon whereby such devices are brought to a housed position between the duplicate extensions and partially received in the cavity of the stock, and screws passing through the slots of said frame and entering the openings therefor in the said extensions.

9. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, and the lower part of the surface of the front wall of which is undercut in parallelism with such inclined surface, said stock being also formed in the top thereof with a cavity extending rearwardly of said opening, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of the rear-wall surface of the stock-opening on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism comprising a supporting-frame having duplicate slots and provided on the under side of the upper portion thereof with vertically-adjusting devices for a plane-iron, said supporting-frame resting upon such rear-wall surface and its extensions and provided with a sole formed with a throat and having a wedge engaging such undercut surface, and also being of increased thickness below the point of suspension of the adjusting devices thereon, whereby such devices are brought to a housed position between the duplicate extensions and partially I received in the cavity in the stock, and screws passing through said slots and engaging the extensions.

10. A plane comprising a stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly-inclined and provided with duplicate extensions beyond the top of the stock on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof, the surface of the front wall of which opening is undercut all the way across the stock at the bottom in parallelism with such inclined surface, and a vertically-adjustable plane mechanism including a supporting-frame seated within the opening and slotted on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof, and screws passing through the slots of the frame and entering said extensions, said frame being provided at its lower end with a sole formed with a throat for the plane-iron and having a wedge engaging such undercut surface, such rear-wall surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith.

CHARLES H. FOX.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 710,542 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”573″]710542

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 710,542, dated October 7, 1902.
Application filed December 28, 1901. Serial No. 87,532. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to bench-planes; and it consists, substantially, in the improvements hereinafter more particularly described.

Considerable attention has been given in recent years to the construction and operation of bench-planes (both metal planes and wooden planes) with a view to increasing the general effectiveness and range of efficiency thereof, and more especially to the construction and organization of the elements or parts constituting the operative mechanism of the plane, as well as to the manner of seating and securing such mechanism within or upon the plane stock or body. Principal among the difficulties encountered in planes usually is the undue vibration or chattering of the edge or operative portion of the plane-iron, due largely to the drag or upward resistance offered by the surface of the wood operated upon, particularly in the case of hard woods. To overcome such chattering in a metal plane, it has been suggested to provide the upper surface of the sole of the plane with two steps, one raised or elevated above the other and the two constituting remotely-situated step-bearings for a so-called “frog” firmly held upon said bearings and flexed to thereby steady the same, and thus prevent chattering of the plane, while still permitting of adjustments of the plane-iron for varying the width of the throat of the plane. As is obvious, a construction or organization of the kind mentioned is not practicable with a plane having a wooden body; but, as hereinafter specifically explained, practically the same resuits are attained in a wooden plane by means of substantially the construction and organization of devices herein employed. Other difficulties and disadvantages have also been frequently met with in the construction and operation of the adjusting elements of the operative mechanisms of planes generally, I (both metal and wooden planes,) since in many embodiments hitherto devised or employed it is always diflicult and often practically impossible to effect the adjustment of one of such parts or elements without disarranging or dislocating the whole or some other part or parts of the mechanism and which is a decided objection for several reasons. Still further, in many instances hitherto the so-called “wooden planes” are both heavy for convenient use and comparatively expensive to manufacture on account of the considerable arnount of material employed in the construction of the essentially metallic portions thereof, and for which and other reasons the commercial advantages of the plane are greatly lessened as well as its utility.

The present invention has for its object to overcome all of the above-mentioned difficulties and disadvantages and to provide a bench-plane possessing the greatest stability between the several elements or parts thereof and also in which each part or element combines maximum strength with extreme lightness and delicacy of structure.

A further object is to greatly improve this class of tools generally, both from a commercial as well as from a practical standpoint, whereby the cost of the plane is reduced and the effectiveness and efficiency of the same enhanced over and above many planes hitherto devised with similar ends in view.

A further object of the present invention is to provide simple and effective means for preventing chattering of the operative portion of the plane-iron and also to provide a plane mechanism of great stability and compactness and one in which the up and down adjusting devices for the plane-iron may be set to any position desired irrespective of whether the said mechanism is in place within or upon the plane body or stock.

A still further object is to provide a plane mechanism adapted for use with plane stocks or bodies of dilferent standard sizes without requiring any change either in the adjustment or fastening of any of the elements thereof, all as will more fully hereinafter appear.

The above and additional objects are attained by means substantially such as are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein —

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical sectional elevation of a bench-plane embodying my several improvements, said view being taken substantially on the median line of the plane. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of my improved bench-plane with the operative mechanism thereof detached or removed to more clearly indicate the construction of the plane-stock, as well as the inclined seats or supports which receive and cooperate with the uppermost projections or raised bearing-surfaces on the rear or under side of the adjustable supporting-frame of said operative mechanism. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the top iron of the plane, taken about centrally. Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of my improved bench-plane, taken about on the same line as in Fig. 1, the stock or body of the plane being broken off at the ends. Fig. 5 is a view looking from the rear or under side of the adjustable supporting-frame for the operative mechanism of the plane (appurtenances being removed) to more clearly indicate the arrangement and location of the projections or raised bearing-surfaces on said frame. Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line X X of Fig. 7 to indicate more clearly one of the slots and screws or similar fastenings by which the adjustable frame of the plane mechanism is confined in place upon the seats therefor, said view being minus the plane-iron and its adjusting devices, as well as the top plate and clamping bow or lever shown in Figs. 1 and 4. Fig. 7 is a vertical transverse sectional view looking toward the right of Fig. 1 and being partly broken away at one side to indicate one of the screw-holes in the plane-stock and also being minus the forwardly-adjusting device for the plane-iron, as well as said latter element and the top plate and clamping bow or lever shown in Figs. 1 and ft. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view illustrative of the adaptation of my improved plane mechanism to plane bodies or stocks of different sizes or dimensions.

Before proceeding with a more detailed description it may be stated that in carrying my invention into effect I provide the body or stock of the plane of any suitable wood adapted to the purpose, and I form therein an opening extending from top to bottom thereof for the reception of the operative mechanism of the plane, which mechanism comprises suitable ordinary adjusting devices for the plane-iron both in vertical and lateral directions. The said operative mechanism also includes an adjustable supporting-frame constructed with a sole-plate in which is formed the throat for the proper working of the cutting edge of the bit or plane-iron, and said sup porting-frame is otherwise constructed in the manner and for the purpose hereinafter specifically explained. When the elements of the operative mechanism of the plane ar properly adjusted relatively to each other and the supporting-frame thereof also adjusted and secured in place within the stock, opposing forces or strains are set up or established between the said frame and stock at different points, as vvell as between the frame and clamping-bow at substantially corresponding points, the tendency of such strains or forces in one direction being to firmly hold or press the remote bearing-surfaces of the frame to their supporting-seats and those in the other direction to dislodge or pull the frame therefrom, whereas in virtue of the peculiar construction and organization of the different cooperating parts the said forces tend to slightly bend or flex the frame between its bearings on the stock, and the resultant effect is to establish equilibrium and-perfect stability between the several elements ofthe plane mechanism, and thereby prevent vibrating action of the supporting-frame, and consequently effectually preventing or overcoming any tendency of the operative portion of the bit or plane-iron to chatter or vibrate in the use of the plane either upon hard or soft woods.

Through the vertical adjustments of the said supporting-plane for the plane mechanism the amount of protuberance or projection of the wearing-sole from the under or operating surface of the plane-stock may be varied or altered so as to receive practically much the greater part of the wear of the plane, and it will be apparent that in any of such adjustments the vertical position of the operative edge of the plane-iron will be correspondingly altered or changed. The lateral as well as the vertical adjustments of the plane-iron, however, are effected independently of the adjustments of said frame, and, as will be seen hereinafter, the devices for effecting the latter adjustments may be set before introducing or seating the plane mechanism within the stock. Moreover, the organization is such that even after the said plane mechanism is seated within the stock either one or all of the adjustments mentioned may be made without dislocation of any one or more of the elements or parts. My improved plane mechanism is complete in itself and constitutes a compact and stable structure adaptable to planes of different heights or dimensions within certain limits, and thus said mechanism may be kept “in stock” in large quantities and sold to the trade separately from the bodies of the planes, if desired. This also is a great advantage in that said mechanism may be applied to plane-bodies of one size or another either at the time of sale or when the planes are sent to market or else when substituting either a plane-body or one set of mechanism for another, as in instances of renewals and repairs.

Specific reference being had to the accompanying drawings, A represents an ordinary plane stock or body constructed of any suitable wood and formed at a suitable point in the length thereof with an opening a, extending from the upper surface b to the lower and operating surface, said opening being for the accommodation and working of the parts or elements of which the plane mechanism is made up or constituted. The surface of the front wall of the opening a may be straight at d for its full height, if desired, whereas at a suitable distance from the under side of the stock said wall is preferably undercut, so as to form a downwardly and forwardly inclined beveled surface e, as shown. The surface of the rear wall of said opening is inclined upwardly and rearwardly at f substantially at an angle of forty-five degrees (more or less) from the point g of the stock, thus decreasing the length of the opening toward the bottom of the stock, as shown, the width of said opening between the sides of the stock being of equal extent throughout. The beveled or inclined surfaces e and f are parallel with each other, the said surface f being longer or higher than the surface e and serving not only to position the plane mechanism within the stock, but also in part as a seat and resistance for the lower end of the adjustable supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, to be hereinafter described.

Secured to the upper surface of the stock or body of the plane in any suitable manner, and preferably by means of screws, such as h, is the top iron C, constructed of a single piece and formed with the slightly-elevated centrally-disposed side portions i i, connected together at the upper edge of the forward wall of opening a of the stock by means of a slightly-raised rib j, said side portions having their inner surfaces substantially even or flush with the inner surfaces of the two sides of said opening, while the outer surfaces thereof are preferably somewhat within the side or corresponding surfaces of the plane-stock, this construction tending to greater strength and more equal distribution of weight and strain throughout the plane structure. The said side portions i i of the plane-iron extend rearwardly a suitable distance beyond the upper edge of the rearwardly-inclined surface of the rear wall of said opening a of the stock, and they are turned or inclined inwardly at k k, whence they merge or terminate in parallel strengthening-flanges l l, between which is snugly seated the elongated base in of the rear handle n of the plane. The said handle n is securely fastened in place by means of a rod o passing down through the same, and the lower-threaded end of which is received in a projection o’ on the top iron, having a similarly-threaded opening to receive it, said rod being provided with a screw-cap o” at its upper end fitting a countersink at the upper surface fn’ of the handle. From this construction it will be seen that the said handle is securely braced against lateral strains in the manipulation of the plane and that the fastening therefor is also largely relieved of such strains, thereby tending to greater effectiveness and security of fastening. Seated upon the forward flanged portion i2 of the top iron is the forward knob or handle i3, secured in place by one of the screws h, entering the stock or body A, as shown.

Situated upon the upper surface of the plane stock or body A, intermediate or between the raised side portions of the top iron C, are preferably two seats or supports s s, which are each substantially pyramidal in side view, with the upwardly and rearwardly inclined edges or faces s’ s’ thereof preferably flush with and constituting practical extensions or continuations of the said upwardly and rearwardly inclined surface f of the opening of of the stock, said seats also cooperating with the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, as already suggested and to be presently explained. These seats s s may be mounted in position in various different ways; but preferably I provide bases s2 s2 therefor, joined together by an integral connecting base portion s3, and said bases are also in turn preferably integral with the corresponding side portions i i of the top iron, as indicated at s4 s4. The bases are firmly held in position upon the upper surface of the plane-stock, (as are the remaining portions of the top iron C,) and from the construction and organization herein shown it will be seen that an eminently strong and stable structure is had or obtained. Said inclined seats by being thus widely separated from each other enable a great saving to be had in the amount of metal employed in their construction, and an additional saving of metal is also derived in dispensing with any connection between the outer sides of the seats and the opposing inner sides of the top iron, excepting at the bases s2 s2, as already described. In this way also the structure is rendered considerably lighter without loss of strength, while the space between the said inclined seats is utilized to partially receive and accommodate the working of the vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron, as will hereinafter appear.

Formed in the rearwardly and upwardly inclined wall f of the opening a of the stock or body A and at predetermined points on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane are suitable openings f2 f2, (see Fig. 2,) which extend into said body or stock substantially at right angles to such inclined surface, said openings each being for the reception of means, such as a screw u, for securing the supporting-frame D of the plane mechanism B firmly in place. Said supporting-frame comprises, essentially, a substantially rectangular plate having therein suitable oblong slots or openings v v, (see Fig. 5,) through which pass the fastening-screws u, (but one being shown,) the said slots or openings being for the purpose of enabling the said supporting-frame to be moved or adjusted on the screws with respect to the plane-stock. The entrances to the openings f2 f2 in the stock are at the highest available point of the stock by which to bring the heads of the screws as close as practicable to and yet below the axis of the forwardly-projecting screw E, which fits in said plate in line with the transverse center thereof. The purpose of this organization will be fully understood hereinafter, and it may be stated at this point that the base portion s3 of the top iron, as well as the upper surface of the plane-stock, are each preferably correspondingly notched or out out at y y’, by which to accommodate the inner end of said screw E in the event of any inward adjustments thereof being made at any time, though in most instances said notches may be dispensed with. It may also be here added that the upper surface of frame D is sunken or recessed at v’ v’, so as to bring the outer surface of the heads of said screws it in a plane at least flush with or slightly below the highest parts of the frame-surface to thus enable the proper seating in place of the plane-iron D2, hereinafter referred to. The said supporting-frame D is made very thin and strong, as will be observed, and to further reduce the weight thereof it is preferably channeled out on the upper surface, as shown at z, for instance, thereby leaving slightly-raised surfaces ,z’ z2 z3, and z4, and upon which rests the under surface of said plane-iron, this latter element having an opening for the passage of screw E, and leading from which opening is the usual slot 2, between the sides of which extend the effective portions of the usual lateral and vertical adjusting devices for the plane-iron. The said frame D is also sunken in its upper surface just above screw E to form a recess 3 for the accommodation of the head 4 of the screw which secures the top plate 4a to the plane-iron, and said plane-iron and said top plate each has the usual slot or opening 5 5a in which works the end of the upper arm 6 of the swinging yoke-lever 8, the ends of the furcated arm 9 of which are engaged by collars 10 11 on a sleeve working on a screw 12, fitted in a threaded opening in a bearing 13 on the under side of frame D and having a head 14 for manipulation thereof. These elements constitute well-known vertical adjusting devices for the plane-iron; but attention is called to the compact organization herein shown and provided whereby said bearing for the adjusting-screw is accommodated between the elevated inclined seats 5 3 on the upper surface of the plane-stock. Pivoted at 15 upon the upper surface of frame D is the usual laterally-adjusting lever 16 for the plane-iron, said lever having the button 17, engaging the sides of slot 2 of said iron, while secured in place upon the said top plate 4a is the usual clamping-bow 18, having therein a slot 19, the edges of which are engaged by the head of screw E, the said bow having on its under side a spring 20, which is forced against the upper surface of the top plate 4a by means of a cam 21 on a lever 22, working in the upper end of the bow in a well-known way, the action of said cam at the same time being to throw the upper end of the bow upwardly or outwardly from said top plate. By turning said cam-lever upwardly or outwardly the parts are loosened sufficiently to enable any desired adjustments of the plane-iron to be made, or the elements above the frame D may then be temporarily removed for the purpose of adjusting the said frame upon its fastening-screws.

The supporting-frame D for the plane mechanism is formed with a wearing-sole 25, having therein the throat 26 for the cutting or operative end of the plane-iron, and immediately in front of the throat said sole is constructed with a wedge 27, extending the full width of the opening a in the stock, the forward inclined face 28 of which wedge snugly fits against the undercut or bevel e of said stock. Said wedge is united or connected with the forward or upper surface of the frame mechanism, at the edges thereof, by means of integral side plates 30, as shown, and it will be seen that one of the principal reasons for the adjustability of the said supporting-frame D is to enable the sole to be so adjusted with reference to the under or working face of the plane as to practically receive all the wear of the plane. As the sole itself wears it can be readily adjusted in compensation therefor, as is evident. Said supporting-frame D is formed on its under surface, at the lower end thereof, with a slightly-projected bearing-surface 31, extending all the way across the frame and which has its seat upon the lower part of the inclined surface f of the rear wall of opening a in the stock, it being understood, of course, that said bearing-surface is planed or dressed off parallel with said beveled or inclined surfaces e and f, and the supporting-frame itself being also parallel therewith, so as to occupy the necessary inclined position upon the plane. Also formed on the under side of said frame D at points substantially opposite the forward inclined edges or faces of the inclined seats or supports s s of the top iron are similarly-projected bearing-surfaces 32 32, (see Fig. 5,) which rest and have a firm bearing upon said seats or supports s s, the median line of the width of such surfaces being somewhat outside median lines passing between the vertical edges of each of said slots v v, this construction aiding in the flenure or bending of the frame intermediate its supports or bearings, as is evident.

To assemble the parts of the plane, the frame D is placed within the opening a of the stock, with the bearing-surfaces 31 and 32 32 thereof resting upon the several seats therefor already described, and the screws u are screwed down very tightly upon the frame after the latter has been adjusted to bring the sole-plate thereof to the desired position relatively to the bottom surface of the stock. The top iron and its plate may now be placed in position by slipping the same over the screw E, after which the clamping lever or bow is also applied in similar manner, and the cam-lever 22 is then turned downward, so as to throw the upperend of said clamping-lever outward or upward, while the spring on the under side thereof is forced against the top plate by the cam, thus holding the elements of the plane mechanism together very rigidly. In virtue of the construction of my improved supporting-frame D and cooperation between the remote bearing-surfaces thereof and the corresponding seats therefor upon the plane-stock the said frame is firmly and securely held down by means of its screws in a manner quite evident. At the same time the cam 21 is exerting a downward pressure upon the upper part of the plane-iron and its top plate, which pressure is of course communicated to and thrown upon the frame above its uppermost bearings, and simultaneously with this action the lower end of the clamping-lever is thrown downward upon the lower part of the top plate by the cam, thus exerting a counterbalancing downward pressure on this end of the supporting-frame, the head of screw E obviously operating all the while as a fulcrum for the clamping bow or lever to work on. Due to the upward and downward positions to which the ends of the clamping-bow are thrown and held by the cam 21 considerable of an outward strain is placed upon said screw E and which exerts an outward pull upon the frame D, tending to lift the latter from the remotely-situated seats therefor and which is counter to the downward pressure exerted by the screws it and the bow and cam-lever to hold the plane in place. The opposing forces thus set up tend to the establishment of perfect equilibrium between the parts and result in a bench-plane possessing the greatest stability and practicability and one in which chattering of the plane-iron is practically destroyed or overcome, due to the inherent tension at which the frame D is always held.

In some instances the present construction may be modified, to form the bearing-surfaces 31 32 32 on the stock itself and raised or elevated with reference to and parallel with the inclined surface f of the opening a in the said stock, in which case the entire lower or under surface of frame D would be formed, preferably, even or flat. A further modified construction also would be to form the inclined seats s s for the frame integral with the plane-stock rather than with the top iron; but thc construction or embodiment herein shown, however, is the one preferred in practice.

As already explained, the plane mechanism of my present invention is compactly organized and is removable in entirety from the stock and adapted to be sold to the trade separately from the stock, being also adapted to plane-stocks or bodies of different sizes, as is clearly shown in the diagrammatic view, Fig. 8. As is well known, there is but slight variation in the heights of the plane-stocks of different standard sizes per series, even though the length thereof may vary considerably, and thus, as will be clearly seen, one or the other of the stocks may be employed with the same mechanism. As is equally apparent, my improved plane-stock may also be supplied to the trade separately from the plane mechanism, but preferably provided with the top iron.

My invention thus comprises a construction and organization of elements cooperating in the production of a bench-plane supplying in ample measure practically all the present-day requirements of such a structure, both as regards its utility as well as the operational, practical, and commercial advantages thereof.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A plane comprising a stock having a bit and an opening for said bit, a bit-seating frame in said opening having projected bearing-supports, means for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the former between said projected supports, thus tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

2. A plane comprising a stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is continuous and of the same alinement throughout, a bit in the opening, a bit-seating frame also in said opening having remotely-situated bearings on such rear wall surface, means for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the former between such bearings, thus tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

3. A plane comprising a stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is continuous and of the same alinement throughout, a bit in the opening, a bit-seating frame also in said opening formed with slots and having remotely-situated projected bearings on such rear wall surface, screws passing through said slots for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the frame between such bearings and thereby tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

4. A plane comprising a stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is continuous and of the same alinement throughout, a bit in the opening, a bit-seating frame also in said opening formed with vertical slots on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock and having remotely-situated projected hearings on such rear wall surface above and below the slots, screws passing through said slots for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the frame between such bearings, and thereby tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

5. A plane comprising a stock having a bit and an opening therefor, a bit-seating frame in said opening having on the under side thereof a lower broad projected surface portion bearing on the lower part of the surface of the rear wall of such opening, and also having on its under side similar projected surface portions situated on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock and similarly bearing on the upper part of such rear wall surface, means for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the former between said lower and upper bearings and thus tending to flex the frame, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

6. A plane comprising a stock with an opening having an upward extension of the surface of the rear wall thereof, a detachable bit-seating frame having on the under side thereof remotely-situated projected surface portions bearing on such rear wall surface and its extension, said frame being provided with an upwardly and forwardly projecting screw located intermediate said surface portion, a bit and its top-plate, a clamping-bow having a cam-lever for securing the latter elements in place, said clamping-bow having a slot the edges of which engage beneath the head of said screw, thus tending to flex the frame outwardly, and means engaging said frame between said bearing-surfaces and tending to flex the frame inwardly.

7. A plane comprising a stock with an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and provided with duplicate extensions beyond the top of the stock on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof; a plane mechanism including a member having remote bearings on such inclined surfaces and extensions thereof and provided with a sole formed with a throat for the plane-iron, and adjusting means securing such member in place tending to flex the same between its supports.

8. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having on the under side thereof a lower projected surface portion, and similarly-projected surface portions remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof, the median lines of the width of said slots being within the median lines of the width of said remotely-situated projected surface portions.

9. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having on the under side thereof a projected surface portion extending across the frame at the lower end, and similarly-projected surface portions remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having intermediate slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof.

10. A seating-frame for a plane~bit having a projected bearing-surface across the rear or under side thereof at the lower end and similar surfaces remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, said frame being also provided with a sole formed with a throat for the bit.

11. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having a projected bearing-surface across the rear or under side thereof at the lower end, and similar surfaces remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having intermediate slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the frame, and being provided with a plate having a throat for the lower end of the bit.

12. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having a projected bearing-surface across the rear or under side thereof at the lower end, and similar surfaces remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having intermediate slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, the median lines of which slots are within the corresponding lines of said remote surfaces, and the frame being further provided with a sole having a throat for the lower end of the bit.

13. A plane comprising a stock with an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is upwardly and rearwardly inclined, a bit-seating frame located on said surface having slots on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, and screws entering the stock through said slots, said frame having a projected bearing across said inclined surface below the screws, and similarly-projected bearings above said screws, and also provided with a sole-plate having a throat for the lower end of the bit.

14. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-seating frame, having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means for said frame tending to flex the same in one direction between its bearings, and means having a similar tendency in the opposite direction.

15. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-seating frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means intermediate said bearings tending to flex the frame in one direction, and means having a similar tendency in the opposite direction.

16. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-supporting frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means intermediate said bearings on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock tending to flex the frame in one direction, and means having a similar tendency in the opposite direction.

17. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-supporting frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means intermediate said bearings on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock tending to flex the frame in one direction, and means intermediate and directly above such fastening means having a similar tendency on the frame in the opposite direction.

18. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-supporting frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, and formed with substantially centrally located vertical slots on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, screws entering the stock through such slots and exerting an inward or downward pressure upon the frame, and means on the frame having a similar tendency thereon in the opposite direction.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 707,368 – Plane-Iron Cap (Justus A. Traut And Henry S. Walter) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”571″]707368

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND HENRY S. WALTER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE-IRON CAP.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,368, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed April 26, 1902. Serial No. 104,811. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and HENRY S. WALTER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Iron Caps, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

Our invention relates to improvements in planes, and particularly to plane-iron caps.

It consists, mainly, in the improvement of what is termed the “cap-iron” or “cap-piece” in that class of planes in which the plane-iron is clamped to a frog by means of a screw or cam. By this invention we are able to construct a plane-iron cap much cheaper than heretofore and more efficient and durable, as well as more adaptable to the uses to which it may be put.

In the drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of a plane embodying our invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of that part of the plane to which our invention relates. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on the center line of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a cross-section on the line X X of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

1 is a plane-stock.

2 is a plane-iron.

3 is a forward handle.

4 is a rear handle.

5 is what is commonly termed a “cap-screw, secured to a frog or support 6 for the plane-iron. The cap-iron 9 is so shaped and constructed as to be engaged at an intermediate point by the head of the screw 5 and at each end to bear upon the plane-iron or a plate, such as commonly associated therewith. In the drawings, Fig. 1, the cap is shown as engaging the forward or lower edge of the plane-iron and engaging the upper portion by means of a cam-pressed spring 7, 8 being the cam employed for clamping the parts. Thus far described the construction and operation of the parts are well known, and hence need not be described in detail.

In practice it is essential that the cap-iron shall be very strong and desirable that it be light in weight, and to that end I construct it, preferably, of wrought or sheet metal. The cap-iron includes a broad blade-like portion 91 and a narrower shank 10. The lower edge of the portion 91 engages with the plane-iron or a part thereof near the cutting edge, while the cam 8 is carried on the shank portion 10. The cap then is subjected to strains in a manner similar to a beam supported at the ends and loaded in the middle. For this reason in order to provide sufficient strength the edges of the shank 10 and a portion of the broader part 9 of the plane-iron are bent down at an angle to provide side bars or flanges 101 integral with the body portion of the plane-iron, and hence contributing to the plane-iron great rigidity and strength. Furthermore, the flanges provide a recess in which to receive the pivot-bearing 81 for the cam 8. In addition to this feature of construction, which contributes substantially to the strength of the cap-iron, we provide a corrugation 11, which preferably commences in the shank portion 10 of the cap-iron and extends downwardly toward the broader portion on opposite lines. In addition to these corrugations shorter corrugations 12 12 may be provided in the broader portion of the cap-iron, contributing vastly to the rigidity and strength of the device, which is preferably curved, as shown best in the side views numbered 1 and 3. The particular construction preserves the curved outline of the cap-iron and permits the employment of comparatively light wrought or sheet metal. The flanges 101 form a pocket in which to receive one end of the spring 7, which is preferably fixedly secured to the cap-iron, as well as a pocket for the bearing end of the cam 8 adjacent to the pivot or pin 81, upon which said cam turns. All of the ribs or corrugations extend generally in a longitudinal direction relatively to the cap-piece, and consequently give greater rigidity to it in a lengthwise direction than transversely.

It is advantageous to have the greater strength extend in longitudinal lines. Should the gage of the metal employed in shaping the cap-piece be so light as to permit any flexibility, it would be in a transverse direction at the lower edge only, and hence advantageous in permitting the lower edge of said cap-piece to yield and bear uniformly against the plane-iron or the plane-iron plate, which is usually employed therewith in planes of the class to which our invention is particularly applicable. In Fig. 4 it will be seen that the ribs are preferably hollowed on the under side, the said view showing the under side of said cap-piece uppermost.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, a cap-iron having flanges on opposite sides at its upper end, and ribs extending longitudinally of said iron.

2. A plane-iron cap for a plane having corrugations or ribs extending longitudinally thereof, substantially as described.

3. A plane-iron cap for a plane having corrugations or ribs 12 and 12 in the body and extending longitudinally thereof, as described.

4. A plane-iron cap for a plane having corrugations or ribs 11 extending up the shank and 12, 12 in the body extending longitudinally thereof, substantially as described.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 24th day of April, 1902.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
HENRY S. WALTER.

Witnesses:
W. J. WORUM,
EVERETT G. HOFFMAN.

No. 707,365 – Plane (Alix W. Stanley) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”570″]707365

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALIX W. STANLEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE
& LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,365, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed March 5, 1902. Serial No. 96,773. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALIX W. STANLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to planes.

The object of this invention is to provide a construction by which the support for the cutting-iron shall be such that the chattering of said iron in use is entirely prevented. In planes of this character the support for the cutting tool or iron is termed a “frog,” and the frog is commonly made in a piece separate from the body or stock of the plane. The reasons for this are several, among which is that an adjustability is permitted whereby the effective size of the opening or throat in the stock or base of the plane through which the cutting-iron works may be narrowed or widened, as desired, according to the character of the work. Another is that the frogs are provided with the adjusting device, and it is more convenient to equip said frogs with said adjusting devices when they are separate from the stocks than would be the case if they were integral with the same.

The accompanying drawings show the preferred form of the invention.

In said drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a plane embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the base or stock portion of the plane with the frog, cutting-iron, and the associated parts removed. Fig. 3 is a similar view of a modification. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a frog such as is adapted for use in connection with the stock shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a modified form of frog adapted for use in connection with the stock or frame shown in Fig. 3.

In the particular form shown, 1 is the floor or sole of the stock portion.

2 2 are side walls or flanges.

3 is a throat or slot in the bottom or floor 1 of the stock.

4 is a frog which is supported, preferably, on two seats or bearings. These seats may comprise an elevated chair 5 and a bearing 6 upon the floor 1. The bearing 6 is formed by thinning down the floor 1 directly to the rear of the throat 3. This thinning down may be effected in casting the stock, (for it is by the casting process that stocks are ordinarily made,) or it may be formed by machine-work after the casting is produced. The purpose of making the bearing 6 thin will hereinafter be explained.

7 7 are screw-passages in the frog, preferably elongated so as to permit the frog to be adjusted forward or back, thereby changing the position of the cutting edge of the plane-iron in the throat 3.

8 8 are clamp-screws (two are preferably used) by which the frog 4 is secured to the stock. The clamp-screws 8 are located between the elevated bearing 5 and the bearing 6 for the frog, so that when the screws are set down they will firmly clamp said frog against both of said bearings 5 and 6. In consequence of the fact that these bearings are spaced apart considerably when the parts are assembled it is impossible for the frog to chatter upon the stock. By loosening the screws 8 the frog may be moved backward or forward, as desired, to place the cutting edge of the plane-iron correctly relatively to the throat 3.

9 is the plane-iron, the lower edge of which is sharpened in the usual manner and is caused to project through the throat as desired. It is preferred that separate adjusting devices be provided to facilitate the longitudinal positioning of the plane-iron.

10 is a cap of the ordinary form carrying the cam 11, also of the ordinary form, and 12 is a cap-screw carried by the frog 4., which projects through a slot in the plane-iron 9 and engages the cap 10 in the usual manner, so that when the parts are assembled the plane-iron is clamped in proper position.

Manifestly the method of clamping the plane-iron to the frog may be varied as desired, since the particular device for accomplishing this end constitutes no part of this invention, excepting as it is obvious that the clamping means should take a long bearing upon the plane-iron to hold it in proper engagement throughout substantially the full bearing-surface of the frog 4.

Inasmuch as the frog is independent of the stock and inasmuch as the clamping effect of the screw 8 is considerable and inasmuch as the bottom 1 directly to the rear of the throat 3 is thin, the clamping effect of the screw 8 might tend to slightly bulge the said thin portion of the door, since this portion preferably affords one of the bearings for the frog. In order to prevent this bulging, I provide a supporting and stiffening rib 13, which in its preferred form is cast integral with the stock of the plane and preferably so as to extend from said thin portion to a heavier portion of the stock. Any desired number of these strengthening-ribs maybe provided. In Fig. 2 one of these ribs 13 is shown. In Fig. 3 two ribs 13 13 are provided; otherwise the construction is identical. I mention this, because it is obvious that the number of stiffening-ribs employed is immaterial. In order to permit the frog to take a proper bearing, I channel out the under side of the frog directly above the strengthening-ribs 13, so that the frog will not encounter the rib when the parts are assembled, but will take its proper bearing upon the seat 6. Manifestly this construction may be modified in a variety of ways.

In operation it is obvious that unless an efficient bearing is provided for the member or members which support the cutting-iron the passing of the plane over the material to be smoothed or cut might cause a vibration and a chattering of the parts. It is therefore desirable to have the forward bearing or point of contact which the plane-iron takes with the stock or parts associate therewith as close to the cutting edge as possible. Heretofore no special attention has been paid to thinning the metal of the stock directly to the rear of the throat. By thinning the metal at this point as I have done the frog supports the plane-iron almost down to its lower edge. In fact, when the best effect is produced the only unsupported portion is the beveled portion formed in shaping the edge. This will be seen in the section Fig. I. While this is of advantage generally, it is of particular advantage in that type of planes wherein the frog is adjustable longitudinally of the plane, so as to widen or narrow the throat, or rather that portion of the throat forward of the cutting edge of the plane-iron. By this invention in its preferred form a greater range of adjustability is rendered possible, since the frog may be moved to the rear of the throat to a considerable extent before the knife or cutting-iron will touch the metal of the stock. This is due to the fact that the metal of the stock may be made so thin at this point that the cutting-iron will not engage it, excepting at a point very close to its cutting edge. As a direct consequence the plane-iron may be adjusted forward or backward substantially the full width of the throat and still have an unimpaired and effective bearing directly upon the frog.

While I have shown and described a preferred form for the door of the stock to the rear of the throat, it is obvious that this may be modified in a variety of ways without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, which in this respect relates to the provision of a suitable strengthening means adapted to reinforce the door immediately to the rear of the throat, so that that portion may be made thin, while the portion farther to the rear is of sufficient thickness to be self-supporting.

What I claim is —

1. In a plane, the combination with the stock, a frog, a plurality of bearings on said stock for said frog, and a clamping device located between said bearings, a slot or throat in the bottom or door of said stock portion, the bottom or door of said stock portion to the rear of said throat being thinned out up to the edge thereof, and means for strengthening said thinned-out floor.

2. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a plurality of seats for a detachable frog of a throat extending transversely of the stock and in the bottom thereof, the door of said stock directly to the rear of said throat being of thin metal, and strengthening-ribs extending from the heavy part of said stock to said thinned-out portion, substantially as described.

3. A stock for a plane having a transverse slot therein forming a throat for the passage of the plane-iron, the door to the rear of said throat being thin, the stock to the rear of said thin portion of the door being heavy, and a rib extending from said heavy portion to said thin portion, and strengthening and supporting the latter.

4. In a plane, a stock, a transverse slot therein forming a throat for the passage of the plane-iron, the door to the rear of said throat being thin, the stock to the rear of said thin portion of the door being heavy, and a plurality of ribs extending from said heavy portion to said thin portion, and strengthening and supporting the latter.

5. A plane having a stock portion provided with a throat, a frog, said stock portion being provided with two bearings for said frog, a rib connecting said two bearings, said frog being correspondingly grooved.

6. A plane having a stock portion provided with a throat, a frog, said stock portion being provided with an upper and a lower bearing for said frog, a rib connecting said two bearings, said frog being correspondingly grooved.

7. A plane having a stock portion provided with a throat, a frog, said stock portion being provided with an upper and a lower bearing for said frog, a screw having a seat between said bearings for securing said frog to said stock, a rib connecting said two bearings, said frog being correspondingly grooved.

Signed at New York, N. Y., this 15th day of February, 1902.

ALIX W. STANLEY.

Witnesses:
ROBT. S. ALLYN,
L. VREELAND.

No. 707,356 – Plane-Lift (Charles E. Riecker And Henry S. Walter) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”569″]707356

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES E. RIECKER AND HENRY S. WALTER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE-LIFT.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,356, dated August 19, 1902.
Application filed April 26, 1902. Serial No. 104,808. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES E. RIECKER and HENRY S. WALTER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Lifts, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

Our invention relates to planes, and particularly to improvements in carpenters’ or bench planes.

The purpose of the invention is to provide a simple and effective device to mechanically elevate or assist in lifting the plane on the return stroke, so that the cutting edge of the plane iron or knife will not become dulled by rubbing backward against the wood. The device, moreover, is so constructed as to be readily applied to a plane and to operate without chattering.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane embodying our invention when on the return stroke. Fig. 2 is a similar view, partly in section, showing the position of the parts on the forward or cutting stroke. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the front end of a plane as shown in Fig. 1, the front handle or knob being removed. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a device adapted to be attached to a plane for effecting the results herein desired.

The particular construction of the plane proper is immaterial and will not, therefore, be described in detail, since this invention is applicable to planes in general.

A represents the body or stock of a plane, and in the particular construction shown B is a front handle, and C a rear handle. The operator usually grasps both handles of the plane in using the same. On the forward stroke of the plane the cutting is edected by means of a plane iron or knife D, which projects through a throat or passage in the stock A and slightly below the sole thereof. On the rearward or return stroke, if the plane-iron bears against the wood the cutting edge is rubbed backward and rendered dull. To avoid this, I provide a mechanical elevator in the form of a spring-pressed nose E, which is preferably carried at one end of the stock A in such a manner as to normally project slightly below the sole of the stock, and thus lift the stock a sufficient distance to free the cutting edge of the plane-iron D from the wood on the return stroke. In the particular form shown in the drawings the lifting device or nose E is shaped to the forward end of the sole and is carried by blade-springs F F, secured to a washer-like carrier G, which surrounds the stem or post upon which the forward handle B is mounted. When the handle is screwed down into place, it clamps the carrier G firmly in the position indicated in the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2. The lower edge of the nose of the lifting device E is preferably rounded or suitably fashioned so as not to scratch or injure the woodwork with which it comes in contact and to insure a smooth and noiseless action. In use the operator presses down upon the front knob of the plane in such manner as to overcome the lifting tendency of the elevator E and so as to bring the knife D into proper contact with the wood. As the plane is advanced the knife cleaves the wood and cuts of a shaving of the desired thickness. Upon the return stroke the natural tendency of the user is to relieve the pressure upon the plane and, in fact, to apply a slight lifting tendency. As this lifting tendency is not usually sufficient to elevate the plane from the wood, so as to relieve the engagement of the knife therewith, it is supplemented by a mechanical appliance, herein described, to a sufficient extent to cause the sole of the plane to be elevated to the desired degree, thus prolonging the effective life of the cutting edge of the plane-iron. The method of attaching the elevating device E is preferentially shown; but it is manifest that it may be modified in a variety of ways. As shown, the elevating device takes a long bearing upon the wood substantially the full width of the sole, and hence prevents the tilting of the plane on its rearward movement and effectively elevates the entire cutting edge of the plane, so as to substantially relieve the pressure of the knife-edge against the woodwork upon the return stroke of the plane.

It is obvious that this invention may be applied to any plane of this general type without any alteration to the plane whatsoever. The plane-lift maybe manufactured and sold separately to be attached to any plane. The construction is such that chattering is prevented when the device is in use. This partially results from the fact that the nose is carried at the end of the plane-body, and its supporting or carrying blades F F project rearwardly, so that when the plane is drawn backward, at which time the pressure on the same is very slight, the friction occurs in a direction away from the point of support, so that the action is smooth and uninterrupted. When, on the other hand, the plane is pushed forward, the pressure on the handles is considerable, so that although the friction upon the nose does occur in the opposite direction the force applied is such as to prevent chattering.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, an elevating device projecting beyond the front end of the plane and means of connection between said elevating device and a portion of the plane, and means to normally cause said elevating device to project below the sole of the plane.

2. In a plane, an elevating device projecting beyond the end of the plane and means of connection between said elevating device and a portion of the plane, and a spring to normally cause said elevating device to project below the sole of the plane.

3. A plane having a front and a rear handle, an elevating device secured to the plane by the front handle said connection includiing a yielding spring-blade.

4. In a plane, a yielding elevating device comprising a nose mounted on the plane in front of the forward end thereof, and a spring for normally causing said elevating device to project below the sole of the plane, the operative edge of said elevating device being rounded.

5. An elevating device for a plane comprising a carrier, blades projecting forwardly therefrom and carrying a nose portion projecting downward therefrom, substantially as described.

6. An elevating device fora plane comprising a carrier portion G, a downwardly-projecting nose portion E, and means for connecting said carrier and said nose portion.

7. An elevating device for a plane comprising a downwardly-projecting nose portion, adapted to project beyond the end of a plane, a spring-blade attached thereto and means carried by said blade portion whereby said elevating device may be attached to a plane on top of its sole portion.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 24th day of April, 1902.

CHARLES E. RIECKER.
HENRY S. WALTER.

Witnesses:
ALBERT L. WIARD,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 703,158 – Plane (Alix W. Stanley And Henry S. Walter) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”564″]703158

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALIX W. STANLEY AND HENRY S. WALTER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO
STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY OF NEW BRITAIN CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 703,158, dated June 24, 1902.
Application filed December 27, 1901. Serial No. 87,500. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ALIX NV. STANLEY and HENRY S.WALTER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

Our invention relates to improvements in the construction of planes.

The object of our invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive, and effective means for securing in place the means whereby the position of the cap of the plane is determined, as will he understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing.

In the illustration we have shown a side elevation of a plane fitted with an embodiment of our improved construction, parts of the plane being seen in section.

The plane which we have chosen to here describe is an iron plane, in which A is the bottom.

B is what is commonly termed the “frog” of the plane. This frog B is secured to the base and presents an inclined upper surface leading down to the slot in the base A, through which the plane-iron C projects. In this type C’ is a plane-iron cap, the two parts thus forming a double plane-iron. The iron C furnishes the cutting edge.

D is what is termed the “cap.” In the particular construction shown this cap is provided with a cam D’.

E is what is termed the “cap-screw” or “holder.” This part E is ordinarily in the form of a headed screw, which takes into a tapped hole in the frog B. This holder E is seldom if ever adjusted after it has been secured in its proper position, and it is desirable to have it snugly retained in that position, so that it will not work loose and disturb the adjustment or allow chattering of the parts when in use. At the same time it is desirable not to have a permanent connection in order that in the event of an emergency a new holder can be inserted. In case the cap should become broken or lost a new cap must be inserted, and if it should vary slightly in dimensions from the original cap the holder must be adjusted. It will therefore be seen that an adjustable cap-screw that will not become loose or accidentally disturbed from its proper position is the end which we seek to attain.

F is a lever or Y adjustment pivoted to the frog B, one end of which is adapted to engage with the plane-iron C, the other end being engaged by an adjusting-nut G. This nut or thumb-nut G is movable on a screw or post H, also carried by the frog B. The plane-iron may be advanced or retracted relatively to the bottom of the plane by means of the adjusting-nut G, which operates the lever F, engaging with the plane-iron, regulating the depth of the cutting edge in the usual manner.

Our invention will be found to consist in so arranging the screw-threaded or tapped passages in the frog B for the cap-screw E and the post H that the said passages intersect for the purpose of permitting the post H to be set up against the holder or cap-screw E when the latter is in its proper position.

We thus securely lock the parts in place to prevent their becoming accidentally displaced or loosened. The screw or post H therefore performs a double function. Not only is it a means for supporting the thumb-nut G for the adjustment of the plane-iron, but it also forms the locking means for the cap-screw or holder. In our preferred construction the thread of the screw E, adjacent the point where the end of the screw H is to engage and lock the same, is turned down, so as to remove the screw-threads. Consequently the end of the screw H will not batter the screw E and render it difficult or impossible to operate it when desired. Furthermore, by so doing a better bearing-face is afforded for the end of the locking screw or post H. Heretofore the frictional engagement of the screw-threads of the cap-screw E has been solely relied upon as the means for holding the screw in position.

By our improvement a simple, inexpensive, and effective means is provided whereby if the frictional engagement of the screw-threads is insufficient the movement of the cap~screw is nevertheless prevented.

The assembling of the plane is accomplished in the well-known manner, there being nothing to require special instructions in regard thereto. The plane-iron is inserted in the usual way, and the cap D is placed thereon, a keyhole-opening D2 in the cap allowing the cap to be slipped on over the holder E. It is then slid down into place, so that the head of the screw or holder E will stand over and engage the cap D. The cam D’ is then swung down into the position shown, and thus securely clamps the parts together. Should the cap-screw E become loose, the plane-iron or parts associated therewith will be likely to chatter, producing unevenness and other undesirable results in the work performed. This is entirely avoided by the employment of our invention.

It should be obvious that the improvements in the construction herein set forth are applicable to many different styles of planes, wood as well as iron, and that the bearing for the plane-iron instead of being a separate frog might be made an integral part of the plane itself, also that the particular form and arrangement are not material so long as the combination of cap-screw and post H is such that the latter element performs the double function of supporting the thumb-nut G and securing the cap-screw effectively in place.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, a plane-iron, a bearing therefor, a cap-screw for holding said plane-iron in engagement with said bearing, an adjusting-screw for regulating the position of said plane-iron, said adjusting-screw also engaging said cap-screw to lock it, substantially as described.

2. In a plane, a plane-iron, a cap-screw for holding said plane-iron in position, an adjusting-nut, a screw therefor, said screw engaging said cap-screw, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, a plane-iron, a cap-screw for holding said plane-iron in position, a portion of the thread on said cap-screw being turned down, a separate screw engaging the turned-down portion of said cap-screw, and an adjusting-nut mounted upon said separate screw, and means coacting with said adjusting-nut for shifting the position of the plane-iron without disturbing the adjustment of the cap-screw.

4. In a plane, a holding-screw E set into the frog B, an adjusting-nut working on a screw H, said screw engaging said holder to lock it in position, substantially as described.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 5th day of December, 1901.

ALIX W. STANLEY.
HENRY S. WALTER.

Witnesses:
CHAS. B. STANLEY,
ROBT. N. PECK.

No. 696,081 – Plane (Henry Richards) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”561″]696081

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY RICHARDS, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY,
OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 696,081, dated March 25, 1902.
Application filed November 2, 1901. Serial No. 80,854. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, HENRY RICHARDS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pine Meadow, in the town of New Hartford, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates principally to the manner of seating frogs upon the stocks of bench-planes. Stocks are generally cast with wide and broad thick seats, thus making a large mass of metal at one portion of a thin casting, which engenders trouble both in casting the stock and subsequently in finishing the same. In casting the thin plates forming the sole and sides of the stock cool, while the thick mass forming the seat is still hot, so that as the latter subsequently cools stresses are set up, which are liable to cause flaws in the castings. In finishing these stresses become manifest when the bottom surface of the sole is faced off by throwing the surface out of alinement, making an extra finishing operation necessary. Moreover, finishing a broad surface for the frog-seat often throws the stock out of true, necessitating a further cut to be taken upon the bottom surface thereof. Metal planes are peculiarly sensitive to the action of such stresses, since the sole and flanges thereof are necessarily made thin in order to minimize the weight, and hence warp from very slight causes. Moreover, the weight of a broad and wide solid seat for the frog, with which the stock is usually provided, is a source of objection. For this reason it is impracticable to form threaded holes of requisite depth for properly receiving the vertical frog-clamping screws, so that stripping of the threads is liable to occur and the screws do not reliably clamp the frog upon its seat. Moreover, said seats have not sufficient thickness to properly accommodate a fore-and-aft frog-adjusting screw. Many of these defects are due to the necessity of lowering the seat of the frog as far as possible, so that the seat may extend close to the throat, thus making the unsupported fore part of the frog of minimum length to avoid chattering. It is principally for this reason that said seat cannot in good practice be of such height as to have a substantial bracing effect upon the stock, so that the latter is very liable to warp, even being distorted in some cases by the mere tightening of the frog-clamping screws. Again, planes as heretofore constructed have been more or less liable to chatter, this fault being-attributed to the upward pressure or reaction of the wood against the edge of the blade, whereby the fore part of the frog is sprung, thus setting up a vibration. This is particularly the case when the wood is hard and resistinge — as, for instance, in facing rose-wood across the end of the grain. Owing to this defect the range of work which can be performed by a plane of the usual structure is seriously reduced, so that it is necessary in most cases when facing across the end of the grain to employ a different type of a plane specially fitted for the work.

This invention aims to improve the operation of the plane and increase its range of usefulness and also to enable high-class planes to be produced at low cost by overcoming various difficulties in their manufacture. I greatly reduce the stresses which are set up by the cooling of the stock in casting, so as to prevent flaws and also minimize the liability of the stock warping at the finishing operations, and I restrict such stresses to a limited portion of the plane considered lengthwise, thus avoiding the usual depressions or hollows in the stock, due to shrinkage. I reduce the surface forming the main seat for the frog, so that the finishing thereof may not warp the stock, and distribute the metal in such a manner that the stock is substantially stiffened without adding to its weight unduly, if at all. I make provision for threaded holes of ample depth and capacity and seat the frog so firmly upon the stock as not only to prevent chattering, but also to greatly improve the effectiveness of the plane and increase its range of efficiency and to steady the fore part of the frog at the point where the plane-iron is clamped thereon, while permitting ample adjustment for closing or opening the throat, and also prevent chattering of the plane, due to the springing of the frog, by either the downward drag or the upward resistance of the wood. In general I furnish a construction adapted to meet all of the numerous and peculiar requirements necessary in practice for satisfactory results in planes of this class, and especially when employed upon highly-resistant woods and when set for the production of fine surfaces, in which cases any flexibility or chattering is particularly objectionable.

A further object of my invention is to overcome a fault in the cam usually employed to clamp the plane-irons upon the frog, whereby the pressure at the lower portion of the blade is relieved and chips are permitted to crowd up between the blade and the cap-plate thereon.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a plane made in accordance with my improvements. Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken on the line x x of Fig. 3 and showing an adjustable frog from the rear. Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the frog and parts adjacent thereto shown at Fig. 1, this section being taken on the median line of the plane. Fig. 4 is a section similar to Fig. 3, but taken on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a plan of the middle section of my improved plane-stock and showing also a frog-adjusting screw. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 4, but showing the frog as adjusted forwardly so as to nearly close the throat.

In the several views similar parts are designated by similar numerals of reference.

The plane-stock may consist of a thin floor or sole 1, finished upon its bottom surface, and thin side flanges 2, connected forwardly of the throat 3 by means of a thin high stiffening-rib 4. The stock may also be provided with the usual back handle 5 and front knob 6. At a point well in rear of the throat I join the flanges 2 by a high rib 7, which may be rather thin in cross-section, and trusses the side flanges, producing a stilf box-like device. The top edge of the rib is faced off at 7a in parallelism with the bottom or working surface of the stock. Upon the forward side of the rib 7 I provide bosses 8, one at each side of the median line of the plane, in which I form threaded vertical holes 9 for the reception of screws 10, which clamp a frog 11 upon the stock. At a point between the bosses 8 I form in the rib 7 a threaded horizontal perforation 12 for the reception of a screw 13, whereby the frog may be adjusted forward and back, so as to close or open the throat 3. Along the rear edge of the throat I thicken the sole and finish its upper surface at 14 in parallelism with the top 7a of the rib 7, so that the surfaces 14 and 7a may cooperate to form a chair for the frog. The thickened portion at 14 braces the comparatively weak sole of the plane at this point, but is very much depressed below the surface 7a, so that said surfaces form steps, which are separated, so as to give a broad bearing for the frog.

The frog consists of the body portion 11 and a forwardly-sloping bed 15, the lower part of the latter at 15a projecting downwardly and forwardly from the body portion. At its lower edge said projecting part is fitted upon the step 14, so that the frog may be adjusted forward and back in parallelism with the working face of the plane and be always firmly seated upon the chair. As will be observed at Fig. 4, the frog is provided with slots 16 for the binding-screws 10, permitting the adjustment of the frog, which may be effected by means of the fore-and-aft screw 13, whose grooved head engages a slotted ear 17, secured to the frog by a screw 18.

A blade 19 lies upon the bed 15 and projects beyond the lower edge thereof into the throat 3. This blade may be of the usual construction and is provided with a customary cap-plate 20. The usual longitudinal and transverse adjustments may be effected by means of a screw-operated yoke-lever 21 and a swinging lever 22. The plate-irons 10 and 20 are releasably secured upon the bed by means of a clamping-bow 23, which bears at its lower end upon the cap-plate 20 and at its upper end is provided with an improved cam-lever 24 and works upon the head of a screw 25, projecting from the frog.

It will be observed that by dividing the chair into two well-separated portions abroad seat is obtained for the frog without unduly weighting the plane. The forward step 14 steadies the frog, and hence the blade, at a point close at the working surface of the plane, the plane being adjustable for different kinds of work without detracting from the steadiness of the frog at this point. The high truss 7 renders the stock especially rigid at the very point where the distortive stresses are produced by the clamping-screws, so that the frog may be securely clamped upon its broad chair without warping the thin plane-stock.

The feature of adequately supporting the fore part of the frog when it is adjusted forwardly for different classes of work, as at Fig. 6, is of great importance in my improved plane, since the blade is always given a firm bearing at a point very close to its cutting edge. My improvement is of great value when the plane is used upon highly-resistant woods and when set for the production of line surfaces, in which case any flexibility of the knife is particularly objectionable, producing chattering and making it difiicult or impossible to produce the desired finish. It will also be seen that by dividing the chair into two steps and placing one thereof close to the edge of the throat, so as to afford a positive support for the lower edge of the frog, I am able to heighten the rear step materially, and I thus not only materially stiffen the thin plane-stock, but apply the stiffening-truss at the very portion which is subjected to the most stress. Moreover, I am enabled to increase the depth of the holes for the clamping-screws and also to make ample provision for a fore-and-aft adjusiing-screw and all without adding materially to the weight, but instead reducing the objectionable thickness of metal usual in stock of this kind.

A further and important feature of my improvements appertains to the means illustrated for putting the fore part or nose of the frog normally under tension, whereby I am enabled to secure a perfect action of the plane. As will be observed at Fig. 4, the clamping-screws 10 bear upon the frog at a point between the two steps of the chair, thereby not only clamping the body of the frog securely upon the rear step, but also tending to flex the fore part of the frog and holding it down upon the seat 14 with considerable pressure. Owing to this normal tension upon the frog, it results that applying pressure to or removing it from the blade when planing operates in a far less degree than heretofore to spring the frog. It will be understood that when a frog is held upon a broad single seat by means of screws located in the usual manner this normal stress or tension of the frog is wanting, and the fore part of the frog consequently is left somewhat flexible, so that the pressure of the wood upward under the point of the blade springs up both the blade and the frog and permits a vibration which in many cases amounts to a chattering of the edge of the blade upon the wood. Thus it will be seen that I not only provide a positive support at all times for the fore part of the frog, but also that I spring said fore part upon said support, so that the blade is prevented from chattering either by the downward pull or by the upward thrust of the wood. I thus widen the range of work for which this type of plane is adapted and secure a more reliable operation and better results generally on all kinds of work.

Owing to the proximity of the clamping-screws to the rear-step 7a and their remoteness from the forward step 14, the pressure upon the frog is distributed between the two steps in substantial correspondence to the relative abilities of the two portions of the thin stock to sustain the pressure, without warping or distortion, so that the frog is thus put into condition to avoid chattering without incurring a liability of distorting the stock.

The cam-lever 24 is formed with a curved working surface 24a, which as the lever is turned gradually forces the bow against the plane-irons, said surface 24a terminating in a tangential stop-surface 24b, which arrests the lever just as the point of greatest compression is reached, so that there is no possibility of a reactional movement of the plane-irons, as is usually the case, and the latter are held under maximum tension, thus im-
proving their action and avoiding the liability of chips working between the irons.

Not the least of the several valuable features of my invention consists in the provision for adjustment of the frog forth and back in substantial parallelism with the nnished bottom or working surface of the stock and at the same time enabling said frog however adjusted to be firmly supported not only at its main or body portion, but also at its front end. At least one and preferably both of the elements 15a and 14 are finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of the stock, and the same is true of the elements 7 and 11. In the construction illustrated a parallelism of adjustment is secured through a parallelism of bearing-surfaces with the working or bottom face of the stock, one of said parallel bearing-surfaces being in front and being formed or provided upon either the frog or the stock, and another of said parallel bearing-surfaces being in rear and also formed or provided upon either the frog or the stock, the surfaces contacting with said parallel bearing-surfaces being themselves preferably also parallel with said working face of the stock, thereby giving considerable breadth or area of contact at both the fore and aft portions of the frog, which is desirable. It will be understood that by having at least one such parallel bearing-surface in front and at the lower portion of the plane and at least one more such parallel bearing-surface in rear and at a considerable elevation it becomes practicable both to adjust the frog forth and back and also to support the same firmly both fore and aft at all such adjustments. I consider it of especial value that the portion 7 of the stock has a stepwise arrangement relatively to the bearing-surface at the throat in said stock, since thereby it becomes practicable in this class of planes to effect a parallel adjustment of the frog while always firmly supporting not only the body but also the fore foot of the latter, this fore foot being an exceedingly sensitive part of the plane and the true action thereof being of the utmost importance. It will be observed that the frog at its forward end affords a direct support for the lower ends of the plane-irons and also at said end and close to the lower ends of said plane-irons bears directly upon the sole of the stock at all times. By maintaining the frog constantly at the same vertical distance from the working-surface or floor of the stock the throat may be closed or opened to any extent by a simple and rapid manipulation without the necessity of resetting the plane-irons either in longitudinal direction or transversely by means of the lever 22, while at all times the action of the plane is rendered most satisfactory. In this instance the adjustment of the frog is effected by means of a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of the stock beneath the base of the frog and connected to the latter.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of my invention, and portions of my improvements may be used without others.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, so as to form a chair for a frog; and said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device.

2. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; said depressed step being in the form of a slight thickening of the edge of the sole along the rear side of the throat, and said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; the upper surfaces of said steps being linished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, so as to form a chair for a frog.

3. A metallic plane-stock having a high step which is provided with a deep threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat and forward of said high step a depressed step; and said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

4. A metallic plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a thin high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step, said rib being provided with two deep holes for receiving frog-clamping devices, one hole at each side of the stock; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step which is formed by thickening the throat edge of the sole; said step being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog, and each thereof being finished parallel with the working surface of the stock.

5. A metallic plane-stock having a rear step provided at its front side with a threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; and also having at the rear edge of the throat and forward of said threaded hole a depressed step; said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

6. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses the flanges and also forms a rear step; said step having at its forward side two threaded holes, one at each side of the median line of the stock, for receiving frog-clamping screws; said sole also having at the rear edge of the throat, a thickening which forms a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

7. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a long frog-adjusting screw, which may project forwardly through said rib; and also having an upfand-down threaded hole for receiving a frog-clamping screw; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; said steps being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog, and being finished parallel with the working surface of the stock.

8. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a long frog-adjusting screw, which may project forwardly through said rib; and said sole also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and being substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, and being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

9. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said rib having a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a frog-adjusting screw, and also having at its front side two vertical threaded holes, one upon each side of said perforation, for receiving frog-clamping screws; said sole being also thickened at the rear edge of the throat so as to form a depressed forward step; said steps being finished in parallelism and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock, and being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

10. A metallic plane-stock having well in rear of the throat a pair of vertically bored and threaded bosses formed upon the front side of a rear step; said stock also having at the rear edge of said throat and forward of said bosses a thickening which forms a depressed forward step; and said steps being finished in parallelism with the working surface of the stock and cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog.

11. A metallic plane-stock having a sole and side flanges and also having well in rear of the throat a pair of vertically-bored bosses formed upon the front side of a narrow high transverse rib that trusses said flanges, and also forms a rear step; said stock also having at the rear of said throat a depressed forward step; said steps being cooperatively adapted to form a chair for a frog; and said rib being also provided between said bosses with a fore-and-aft threaded perforation for receiving a frog-adjusting device.

12. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throata depressed step, and wellin rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock; said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; and said frog being fitted to and adjustably secured upon said steps.

13. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a sole and side flanges, and also having well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; said stock also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed forward step; and said frog being fitted upon said steps and secured thereto by one or more screws which pass down into deep holes formed in said truss, and being also connected to a fore-and-aft screw which engages a threaded perforation also formed in said truss.

14. In a plane, the combination with a stock having a chair consisting of separated seats, of a frog fastened upon said chair by means of a device which bears upon the frog at a point between said seats and thereby causes the frog to bear upon both seats.

15. In a plane, the combination with a stock; having a chair consisting of separated seats, of a frog fastened upon said chair by means of a device which bears upon the frog at a point between said seats but close to one thereof, so as to cause the frog to bear unequally upon the seats.

16. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog fastened thereon and capable of fore-and-aft adjustment; said stock having a sole and side flanges, and having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear of the throat a narrow high transverse rib which trusses said flanges and also forms a rear step; and said frog being fastened by one or more screws placed at the forward side of said rear step, and bearing upon the frog between its fore~and-aft supports, so that the frog is rigidly seated upon the rear step and is also caused to bear firmly upon the front step at all such adjustments of said frog.

17. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; the stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges, and also having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and well in rear thereof an elevated step; the upper surfaces of said steps being finished parallel with each other and substantially parallel with the working surface of the stock; said elevated step being in the form of a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device; and said frog being fitted to and adjustably secured upon said steps; plane-irons; a clamping-bow; and a cam-lever formed with a curved working surface 24a, which as the lever is turned gradually forces the bow against the plane-irons, said surface 24a terminating in a tangential stop-surface 24b, which arrests the lever just as the point of greatest compression is reached.

18. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of the stock and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof;
said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; and at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface, so as to close and open the throat, and be always conjointly supported by said steps.

19. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; and at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface so as to close and open the throat, and be always conjointly supported by said steps; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of said stock beneath the base of said frog; and a connection between said frog and said screw; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back.

20. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear border of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working surface, so as to close and open the throat, and still be firmly supported upon said steps conjointly; and a screw threaded down into the material of said elevated step, and effective to clamp said frog to said stock at all adjustments of the former.

21. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog; said stock having at the rear edge of the throat a depressed step, and said frog having a foot bearing upon said step; at least one of said step and foot elements being finished in substantial parallelism with the surface of the plane and also engaging with and guiding the other thereof; said stock also having well in rear of said throat an elevated step, and said frog also having a base adapted to rest upon said elevated step; at least one of said elevated-step and frog-base elements being also finished in parallelism with the working surface of said stock and engaging with and guiding the other thereof; whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back in substantial parallelism with the said working face so as to close and open the throat, and always be supported by said steps; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into the material of said stock beneath the base of said frog; a connection between said frog and said screw whereby said frog may be adjusted forth and back; and a screw threaded down into the material of said step and effective to clamp said frog to said stock at all adjustments of the former.

22. A metal plane-stock having a thin sole and thin side flanges and also having a high rib erected upon the sole and trussing the side flanges, so as to form a box-like device well in rear of the throat; said stock being also provided forwardly of said rib with a depressed step, and having also a rear elevated bearing-surface having a stepwise relation to said depressed step and which con jointly with said depressed step forms a chair in combination with a frog formed to engage and be guided by the parallel surfaces of said steps, whereby it may be adjusted forth and back said steps being finished in substantial parallelism with the working surface of said stock.

23. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog thereon adjustable fore and aft in parallelism with the working surface of said stock; and plane-irons carried by said frog; said frog at its forward end both affording a direct support for the lower ends of the plane-irons, and also at said forward end and close to the lower ends of said plane-irons bearing upon the sole of the stock at all positions to which said frog may be adjusted; and separate means for supporting the main portion or body of said frog in such a manner as to permit said adjustment thereof; said separate supporting means being engaged by said frog at a material elevation above the sole of said stock.

24. In a plane, the combination with a stock, of a frog bearing upon the sole of the plane at the rear border of the throat; an elevated support well in rear of the throat; said frog having a main seat resting upon said elevated support; means for clamping said frog; a fore-and-aft screw threaded into said support beneath said frog; and an ear provided upon said frog and connected to said screw, whereby the frog may be adjusted by turning said screw; said frog, at all such adjustments thereof, bearing at its front end upon the sole at the rear border of the throat.

25. In a plane, the combination of a stock and a frog clamped thereon; a main support for said frog being provided upon said stock and rising to a material elevation above the sole thereof; and afore-and-aft screw threaded into said main support beneath said frog and connected to the latter so as to effect fore-and-aft adjustments thereof; said frog having a part which extends forwardly and downwardly from said support and bears at its lower end upon the sole of the stock at the rear border of the throat, at all adjustments effected by said screw.

HENRY RICHARDS.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 685,411 – Carpenter’s Router (Albert F. Schade) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”558″]685411

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALBERT F. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

CARPENTER’S ROUTER.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 685,411, dated October 29, 1901.
Application filed March 6, 1901. Serial No. 50,130. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT F. SCHADE, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Routers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in carpenters’ routers; and the object of my improvement is to provide simple and efficient means for adjusting the cutter.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my router; and Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation, the bed plate or frame being in vertical section on the line x x of Fig. 1.

The bed plate or frame A, tool-post 3, yoke 4, and set-screw 5 are of an ordinary and well-known construction. The cutter 6 is also of an old form, excepting as I provide a recess or notch 7 in its rear side near its upper end. In the center of the tool-post 3 and projecting upwardly therefrom is the adjusting-screw 8, rigidly and permanently affixed thereto or formed thereon, so as to constitute an immovable part thereof. Upon this screw is the adjusting-nut 9, preferably having a roughened or knurled edge for convenience of manipulation. This nut is of a diameter so large as to project into the path of the upper end of the cutter 6, whereby the adjusting-nut 9 and the cutter 6 may be assembled with the edge of the nut projecting into the recess or notch 7 in the cutter 6, as best shown in Fig. 2.

It will be readily seen that the cutter may be adjusted either up or down by turning the adjusting-nut 9; also, that the parts may be assembled when desired with the adjusting-nut above the notch in the cutter or wholly removed, so that the cutter may be used without any adjusting mechanism. The cutter 6 may also be placed in the reverse position on the back side of the post, as indicated by broken lines in Fig. 2, and the same adjusting mechanism is adapted for use with the cutter in this reversed position. The construction is simple and inexpensive, and the improved device is very convenient for effecting a fine adjustment, while it in no way interferes with any of the ordinary uses of the router.

I claim as my invention —

The combination of the bed-plate, the double-faced tool-post, projecting upwardly above the said bed, the cutter fitted to slide vertically cn the sides of the said tool-post, means for confining the said cutter in place on the said tool-post, the adjusting-screw 8, centrally mounted in the upper end of the said tool-post and projecting upwardly therefrom, and the adjusting-nut 9, mounted on the said adjusting-screw and operatively connected with the upper end of the said cutter, whereby the said adjusting mechanism may be used when the cutter is placed on either side of the said tool-post, substantially as described.

ALBERT F. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
E. G. HOFFMAN.

No. 553,322 – Miter Or Bevel Plane (Justus A. Traut And Edmund A. Schade) (1896)

[paiddownloads id=”521″]553322

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
ASSIGNORS TO THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

MITER OR BEVEL PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 553,322, dated January 21, 1896.
Application filed October 1, 1895. Serial No. 564,327. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and EDMUND A. SCHADE, citizens of the (United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Miter or Bevel Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, more particularly of that class designated as “miter” or “bevel” planes; and the object of the invention is to provide an improved plane of this class more especially adapted for work on moldings and similar materials, whereby the same can be properly planed to permit the same to be joined with a miter or bevel joint, as desired.

The further object of the invention is to provide adjustable means in connection with and preferably embodied in the adjusting or gaging means whereby said adjustable means can be adjusted and held in engagement with the stock of the plane at whatever angle the gaging or adjusting means maybe positioned, to thereby constitute at all times a support for the material, whether the gaging means be adjusted in position adjacent to the plane-stock or not, and also to provide means in connection with such adjustable means whereby when the same is in engagement with the stock of the plane the projecting plane-iron will not strike the same, on the movement of the plane in either direction.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a top view of my improved miter or bevel plane, and showing a piece of work in position to have one of its ends cut at an angle of forty-five degrees, whereby, in connection with a similar molding it will form a miter-joint. Fig. 2 is a front view of the miter or bevel plane, showing the plane proper drawn away from the work. Fig. 3 is also a top view, parts thereof being broken away, and shows the gaging or adjusting means disposed at an angle of about eighty degrees relatively to the race or guideway of the plane, and also shows, in dotted lines, the adjustable means in connection with the gaging device for supporting the material in its position adjacent to the stock of the plane, and Fig. 4 is a transverse partly-sectional view, in line a a, Fig. 1, looking toward the right hand in said figure.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

Our improved miter or bevel plane, in the preferred form thereof herein shown and described, comprises a suitable supporting means or base (designated in a general way by A) for supporting a suitable plane (designated in a general way by B) adapted to be moved to and fro thereon, a suitable adjustable gaging or adjusting means (designated in a general way by C) for supporting the work at any desired angular position relatively to the plane B, and adjustable means (designated in a general way by D) preferably embodied in the gaging or adjusting means for supporting the work in position adjacent to the plane, whether the gaging means be adjusted to a position adjacent to the plane or not, and which embodies means for preventing the plane-iron from striking said adjustable means.

The supporting means or base A may be of any desired and suitable construction adapted to support the devices above mentioned, and is provided with a race or way 10, constructed in any suitable way, in which the stock 11 of the plane B is adapted to move to and fro. Adapted to slide in this race 10 is a plane B, constructed in any suitable way to accomplish the desired object. In the form shown, however, it comprises a right-angled stock 11, one member b of which slides in the race or way 10, while the other member c thereof, which is at right angles to the supporting means A, is provided with the plane-mouth 15, hereinafter described. The members b and c may be secured together in any suitable way and reinforced by suitable ribs, as desired. Secured to this stock 11, preferably adjacent to the juncture of the members b and c thereof and in any suitable manner, but preferably by means of a bracket 12, formed integral with said stock, is a handle 13 for operating the plane. The member c of the stock is provided with a mouth 15, preferably formed at an angle relatively to the longitudinal axis of said member c. Adjacent to this mouth 15 the stock 11 in the interior thereof is provided with a suitable bracket 16 for supporting the plane-iron 14 and its adjusting and clamping mechanism, which adjusting and clamping mechanism may be, if desired, of the usual form, and hence no further description thereof is deemed neccessary. This plane-iron supporting-bracket 16, however, is also disposed at an angle relatively to the stock member c and in parallelism with the mouth 15 of the plane, and is provided with an inclined or beveled seat 16′ for the plane-iron, whereby said plane-iron 14 when in its working position will have its knife-edge projecting through said mouth 15 at an angle to the member c of the stock, whereby one part of the work will be operated upon before the other part thereof and the breaking or tearing of the fibers of the wood prevented when the plane-iron leaves the material. By means of this particular construction of plane-iron bracket the plane-iron can be made of the usual form and thickness, as in the ordinary planes, and whereby the necessity of making the plane-iron somewhat thicker at one than at the other side thereof in order to obtain an angular cut, as has heretofore been necessary, is obviated, and whereby also the sharpening of the knife-
edge of the iron is facilitated.

The gaging or adjusting means C for holding the material in proper angular position to be planed consists, in the preferred form thereof herein shown and described, of a suitable bracket 20, pivoted to the base A, preferably at the forward end thereof adjacent to the race 10, and which bracket is adapted to swing in an arc of a circle, and by the means hereinafter described support the material at any desired angle relatively to the race or member c of the plane-stock 11. This bracket 20 of the form shown is constructed of an arm 21 and a vertical plate 22, preferably integrally connected at their inner ends and diverging from each other, and through the juncture of the same the pivot screw or bolt 23 projects to pivotally secure the bracket for swinging movement relatively to the base A. This bracket-plate 22 is preferably provided with a curved inner end 24, whereby the bracket-plate 22 can be swung into any desired position adjacent to the plane-stock without the end thereof striking against the stock member c when the same is at the forward end of its race.

Preferably integral with and connecting the plate 22 and arm 21, adjacent to the outer ends thereof, is a preferably-curved member or arm 25, having an arc-shaped slot 26 therein. This arm 25 preferably extends beyond the point of juncture with the member or arm 21, and is provided at its outer end with a sleeve 27, carrying a locking device held therein by any suitable means. ln the preferable form thereof the locking device consists of a vertically-sliding bolt 28, provided with a recess (not shown) on its side face, which a pin or screw (likewise not shown) extending through the wall of the sleeve at right angles to said bolt 28 intersects, whereby the locking-bolt is permitted to have a sliding movement and is prevented from bein g drawn out. This locking-bolt 28 is provided with a suitable actuating-handle or finger-piece 20 for manipulating the same.

The base A is provided with apertures 30, disposed in an arc of a circle similar to the arc of the slotted member 25, and in position to be engaged by the lower end of the locking-bolt 28,whereby on the swinging of the bracket 20 the same can be located in any desired position by pushing the locking-bolt 28, which may be a spring-operated bolt, if desired, into any one of these apertures 30.

Any number of apertures may be provided, whereby the bracket can be located at any desired angle relatively to the race or plane stock.

In order to firmly secure the gaging or adjusting means in its adjusted position and prevent the movement thereof when the plane is in use, the bracket is provided with a supplemental fastening means in the nature of a suitable clamping device 31, and which in the form shown comprises a clamping-bolt 32, having a threaded end and an enlarged head 33, and provided with a suitable actuating-handle or sliding lever 34. The threaded end of this clamping-bolt projects through the arc-shaped slot 26 of the arm 25 and enters suitable threaded apertures 35 in the base, which apertures are likewise disposed in an arc of a circle in alignment with the locking-bolt openings 30. Any desired number of these threaded apertures may be provided. Intermediate of the upper face of the arm 25 and the under face of the enlarged head 33 a suitable washer 36 is disposed, whereby on the turning of the clamping-bolt said bracket will be clamped in the position in which the locking-bolt 28 positioned the same.

The adjustable means for holding the work in position to be operated on relatively to the plane-stop member c in the preferred form shown consists of a suitable fence or gage plate 40, adjustably secured to the bracket-plate 22 for sliding movement to and from the in movable plane. The means herein shown for securing this fence or gage plate 40 to the bracket-plate 22 comprises a suitable slot 41 in the bracket-plate 22, through which a screw-threaded stud preferably integrally secured to the fence 40 is adapted to project. A thumb-nut 43 is adapted to screw onto the end of this threaded stud to clamp the adjustable fence in any desired position, a suitable washer 44 being disposed between the inner face of the thumb-nut and bracket-plate 22.

When the bracket 20 is in the position shown — as, for instance, in Fig. 1 — the adjustable fence 40 is adjusted to permit a part of its inner end, as hereinafter described, to engage the stock member c of the plane and be clamped in such position, whereby the material can be placed in position against such fence to permit the same to be operated on by the plane. When it is desired to change the angle of the bracket 20, the same is adjusted to any desired position — for instance, as shown in Fig. 3 — in which the bracket is shown in its adjusted position at an angle of eighty degrees relatively to the race; but in order to form a proper support to hold the material in position to be planed it is necessary that the fence 40 be adjusted to have a part of its inner end engage the stock member c, the same as shown in Fig. 1. Hence, by releasing the clamping device 43 and moving the fence 40 into the position shown in dotted lines (see Fig. 3) and reclamping the fastening device the fence 40 will have a part of its inner end in engagement with the stock and in proper position to support the material. By means of this improved adjustable fence or gage plate 40 the said fence can be adjusted to permit a part of its inner end to properly engage with the stock at whatever angle the bracket 20 may be adjusted.

If, however, the entire inner end of the fence engaged the stock member c, the plane-iron in its to-and-fro movements would strike against the edge of such fence and hack the knife-edge thereof. In order, therefore, to prevent this serious disadvantage and at the same time permit the fence 40 to be adjusted into such position relatively to the stock member that it will properly support the work in position to be operated on by the plane, in whatever position the bracket 20 may be adjusted, I provide the inner end of the fence with a projection or projecting portion 44′, adapted to engage the stock member c of said plane at a point beyond the knife-edge of the plane-iron, and which in this instance is shown disposed above the upper edge of the plane-iron, whereby this projecting portion 44′ alone engages the stock of the plane when the adjustable fence is in position to support the work, and the knife-edge in the to-and-fro movements of the plane is permitted to pass by the adjacent recessed portion of the inner end of the fence, and the injury of the same thereby obviated.

It is obvious that it is advantageous to thus cause the fence to bear against the face of the plane-stock rather than, for instance, against a fixed part of the frame, as it is possible that, owing to wear, the plane may not always occupy exactly the same position relative to any lined point on the frame.

By means of this improved miter or bevel plane the work can be held at all times in proper position adjacent to the plane to be operated upon from any angle to which the bracket constituting a part of the gaging device is adjusted, and the liability of injuring the knife-edge of the plane also prevented.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane of the class described, the combination with a support; of a plane movable thereon; a bracket pivoted to said support for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said movable plane; a fence adjustable relatively to said bracket and having a projection thereon adapted to engage a portion of the movable plane, whereby the knife-edge of said plane is permitted to pass free from contact with said fence, substantially as described.

2. An adjustable gage for a plane of the class described, consisting of a bracket adapted to be pivoted adjacent to the stock of a movable plane for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said plane, and carrying an adjustable plate or fence movable with said bracket and adjustable relatively thereto, to and from the movable plane, and having a projection thereon adapted to engage a portion of the movable plane from any position to which said bracket may be adjusted, substantially as described.

3. In a plane of the class described, the combination with a support; of a plane movable thereon; a bracket pivoted to said support for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said movable plane and embodying a supporting plate; a fence, having a projection thereon, and secured to said supporting-plate for adjustment in parallelism therewith and movable with said bracket, whereby the projection is adapted to engage a portion of the movable plane, to permit the knife-edge of said plane to pass free from contact with said fence, substantially as described.

4. In a plane of the class described, the combination with a support havinga race or way-and also having apertures disposed in an arc of a circle; of a plane movable in said race; gaging means pivoted to said support for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said movable plane, and comprising a bracket having a projecting arm and a vertical plate connected adjacent to their inner ends, and an arm connecting said vertical plate and projecting arm adjacent to their outer ends, and having an arc-shaped slot therein, an adj ustable locking device secured to said slotted arm, an adjustable clamping device movable in said slotted arm, said locking and clamping devices being adapted to engage apertures in the support, a fence secured to said bracket-plate and adjustable relatively thereto, and having a projection on its inner end adapted to engage the stock of the movable plane from any position to which the bracket may be adjusted, and a clamping device for securing said adjustable fence in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

5. In a plane of the class described, the combination with a support; of a plane movable thereon, and comprising a right-angled stock having a mouth therein disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the plane; a plane-iron bracket secured to said stock, and also disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the plane and in parallelism with the mouth of said plane; a plane-iron seated on said bracket and adapted to project through said mouth, whereby the knife-edge thereof will likewise be at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the plane; a bracket pivoted to said support for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said movable plane; a fence adjustably connected to said bracket, and having a projection on its inner end adapted to engage a portion of the stock of the plane to permit the knife-edge thereof to pass free from contact with said fence, substantially as described.

6. In a plane of the class described, the combination with a support; of a plane movable thereon; a bracket pivoted to said support for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said movable plane; a fence secured to said bracket for adjustment to and from the movable plane, and having a projection at its upper, inner end adapted to engage the plane-stock when said fence is adjusted into position relatively to said stock, whereby the knife-edge of the plane is permitted to pass below said projection and free from contact with the inner edge of the adjustable fence, substantially as described.

7. An adjustable gage for a plane of the class described, consisting of a bracket adapted to be pivoted adjacent to the stock of a movable plane, for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said plane, and carrying an adjustable fence or plate movable with said bracket and adjustable relatively thereto, to and from the movable plane, and having a projection thereon adapted to engage a portion of the movable plane from any position to which said bracket may be adjusted; and means for clamping said bracket in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

8. An adjustable gage for a plane of the class described, consisting of a bracket adapted to be pivoted adjacent to the stock of a movable plane, for adjustment in an angular direction relatively to said plane; an adjustable fence or plate movable with said bracket and adjustable relatively thereto, to and from the movable plane, and having a projection thereon adapted to engage a portion of the movable plane from any position to which said bracket may be adjusted; means for adjustably clamping said fence to said bracket; and means for clamping said bracket in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
F. N. STANLEY.

No. 473,087 – Plane-Iron (Edmund A. Schade) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”486″]473087

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE-IRON.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 473,087, dated April 19, 1892.
Application filed January 8, 1891. Serial No. 377,120. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, EDMUND A. SCHADE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Irons, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in plane-irons; and the objects of my improvement are to facilitate the manufacture of the plane-iron, to improve its quality when made, and to make the plane-iron capable of being worn down farther than the old style of iron used in connection with certain planes.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my plane-iron with cap-iron attached. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the under side of said plane-iron as laid upon the cap-iron, illustrating the manner of putting the two together; and Fig. 3 is a face view of the plane-iron in position upon the frog of the plane-stock and much worn, a portion of the plane-stock being shown in section.

The general form of the plane-iron B is the same as that in ordinary use, and the cap-iron C, with its large-headed holding-screw D, is also of ordinary construction. I provide the plane-iron B with a longitudinal slot 4, through which the body of the holding-screw D passes in holding the cap-iron upon the plane-iron and permitting the cap-iron to be adjusted up and down thereon. Instead of making the enlargement to let pass the head of the screw D, at the upper end of the plane-iron, as in the ordinary plane, I form said circular enlargement 5, at the end of the slot 4, which is nearest the cutting-edge 6. This enlargement comes so near the cutting-edge that when the screw is in the enlargement and the cap-iron and plane-iron have their edges parallel to each other, the cap-iron will project considerably over the cutting-edge. If the two parts should be held in this position when the head of the screw is being passed through the enlargement 5, in order to assemble the plane-iron and cap-iron, and then the cap-iron should be drawn upwardly to bring the screw into the slot the cap-iron would be liable to strike the cutting-edge and dull it. Instead of assembling the parts in this manner, the cap-iron and plane-iron should be held at right angles to each other and the screw-head passed through the enlargement 5, as shown in Fig. 2. The cap-iron may then be drawn upward to the upper part of the plane-iron to bring its screw into the slot and the cap-iron then turned around and secured in position, as shown in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated the plane-iron as nearly worn out by repeatedly grinding off its edge, and I have shown the same in connection with a plane-stock E, its frog F, and a laterally-adjusting lever G, having a roller 7, that projects and enters the slot 4; in the plane-iron for adjusting the same laterally. 8 designates the upper end of the lever that takes into the cap-iron for adjusting the plane-iron endwise, all as in ordinary planes; but in said figure the cap-iron is not shown, in order to better show the friction-roller 7 of the laterally-adjusting lever as it lies in the slot of the plane-iron. It will be seen that this friction-roller is still some distance from the upper end of the slot and that it may still properly engage the plane-iron until the latter is worn much shorter than shown, and so short as to wear into the circular enlargement 5 at the lower end of the slot. I have also shown in Fig. 3 in broken lines, as at 9, the contour of the circular enlargement, which is ordinarily at the upper end of the plane-iron, and it will readily be seen that with such an enlargement at the upper end of the plane-iron the laterally-adjusting lever would be inoperative.

By my improvement I adapt the plane-iron to be worn down closer than in the ordinary plane-iron and to operate in connection with the laterally-adjusting lever until the plane-iron is completely worn cut. By making the circular enlargement at the end of the slot, which is nearest the cutting-edge, I am enabled to make the plane-irons by pressing them out from sheet-steel and to harden and temper them to a point up to or beyond the lower edge of this circular enlargement with less liability of cracking the plane-irons at this point, so that fewer irons are lost in hardening and tempering, and they are less liable to become cracked or broken at said point after they are put into use. This is because there are no angular notches at the lower end of the slot from which a crack will start, and because the slot opens into the circular enlargement, so that it is less liable to strain in the expansion and contraction of the metal during the hardening and tempering process. Care is generally taken in hardening the ordinary plane-bit not to harden it quite up to the slot ; but by my improvement such care is not necessary.

I claim as my invention —

In a plane, the combination of a plane-iron having a longitudinal slot 4 with the circular enlargement at its lower end, said slot extending up near to the upper end of the bit without any enlargement at said upper end, and a laterally-adjustilig lever having a projecting part fitted to work in the upper end of said slot, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
F. N. STANLEY.

No. 402,886 – Bench-Plane (Frank M. Bailey) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”449″]402886

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK M. BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 402,886, dated May 7, 1889.
Application filed December 11, 1888. Serial No. 293,248. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK M. BAILEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes in which the cutting-bit is adjustable laterally; and the objects of my invention are to improve the general efliciency of the lateral adjustment, and also to effect said adjustment through the cap-screw.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section, partly in elevation, of my plane. Fig. 2 is a transverse section thereof on the line x x of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a like view showing a modification.

A designates the plane-stock, provided with the ordinary cutting-bit, B,its cap-iron C, holding-cap D, longitudinally-adjusting lever E, and its operating-nut F, all of ordinary construction.

The bed for the cutting-bit, or, as it is more generally termed, the “frog,” 4, is cut away through its middle portion to a point a little below the screw 5, by which the holding-cap is held, in order to make room for the laterally-adjusting compound lever composed of the lower member, 6, and upper member, 7, both of which are pivoted to the frog 4 on axes perpendicular to its face, the upper member by means of the pivot 8 and the lower member by means of the screw 5. The lower end of the upper member, 7, is rounded and engages a correspondingly-shaped notch at the upper end of the lower member, whereby a movement laterally of the upper member on its pivot will also move laterally the lower member, thereby enabling the lateral adjustment to be worked with ease and a very fine adjustment to be effected.

In the preferred form I provide the lower member, 6, of the compound lever, with an opening, 9, which will receive and nearly fit the head 10 of the ordinary cap-screw for holding the cap-iron C on the cutting-bit B, whereby a lateral movement of the lever, by thus engaging the cap-screw, necessitates a lateral movement of the cap-iron and cutting-bit. As the cutting-bit wears away at its lower end it will be slipped down farther on the cap-iron; but the cap-screw will always remain at nearly the same distance from the lower end of the cutting-bit, so that the laterally-adjusting mechanism always operates upon the cutting-bit at practically the same distance from its lower end.

In Fig. 3 I have shown the same construction, with the exception that I make the opening in the lower member, 6, of the compound lever large enough not to engage the cap-screw, and I provide said lower member with an upward projection, 12, which is adapted to engage the side walls of the ordinary longitudinal slot in the cutting-bit; or in the absence of said slot said upward projection may enter a hole in the cutting-bit specially adapted to receive it. This alternative form or modification may also be used in planes in which the cap-iron and cap-screw are absent.

I claim as my invention —

1. The combination of the plane-stock provided with the frog 4, the cutting-bit, andthe laterally-adjusting compound lever consisting of the lower and upper members pivoted on axes perpendicular to the face of said frog, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of the plane-stock provided with the frog 4, the compound lever consisting of the lower member, 6, having the opening 9 and upper member, 7, both pivoted to said frog, the cutting-bit B, cap-iron C, and the cap-screw 10, the head of which screw rests within the opening 9 of said lower member of the compound lever, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

FRANK M. BAILEY.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
H. C. HINE.

No. 401,532 – Bench-Plane (Frank M. Bailey) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”448″]401532

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK M. BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 401,532, dated April 16, 1889.
Application filed December 3, 1888. Serial No. 292,540. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK M. BAILEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes of the class in which the upper end of the plane-iron is adjusted laterally;
and the object of my improvement is to provide a laterally-adjusting lever which does not necessitate the employnient of a longitudinal slot in the cutting-bit.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is vertical section of a plane-stock with a side elevation of the other parts of the plane. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of said plane-stock on the line x x of Fig. 1, with a face view of the parts below said line. Fig. 3 is a like view of a portion of a plane-stock and a modified form of laterally-adjusting lever. Fig. 4 is a like view showing still another form of laterally-adjusting lever, the plane of section being on the line y y of Fig. 5; and Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a complete plane, parts of which are illustrated in Fig. 4.

A designates the plane-stock provided with a cutting-bit, B, the same being held in position on its frog by means of the holding-screw 6, holding-cap C, and cam 7. In the form shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the longitudinal adjusting-lever 8 is provided with teeth 9 at its forward end on its upper face, and is moved on its axis by the adjusting-nut 10, which travels up and down upon a screw-threaded post, 11. The central portion of the cutting-bit B, with this form of longitudinally-adjusting mechanism, is provided with a longitudinal series of transverse slots, into which the teeth 9 of the lever 8 engage for adjusting the cutting-bit longitudinally, all as in a well-known prior plane.

Upon the plane-stock underneath the cutting-bit, I pivot the laterally-adjusting lever 12, which lever is provided with laterally-extending arms 13 13, at the outer ends of each of which there is an upwardly-projecting lug, 14, for engagement with the two outer edges of the cutting-bit B. in Figs. 1 and 2 this lever is pivoted to the stock in a central position at a point below the teeth 9 of the longitudinally-adjusting lever, and the central portion of the lever 12 at this point is out away or provided with an opening, through which the engaging end of the lever 8 may project. The laterally-extending arms 13 and upwardly-projecting lugs 14 are formed integral with the lever 12. In the form shown in Fig. 3 these arms and lugs are formed of a separate piece from the lever 12, arranged to slide laterally, and are secured to said lever by the pin 15, so that the lateral movement of the lever 12 carries with it the upwardly-projecting lugs 14. In Figs. 4 and 5 the arms 13 and upwardly-projectings lugs 14 are also formed integral with the lever 13; but the pivot for said lever is located above said arm and lugs. The longitudinally-adjusting mechanism in this latter construction consists of an angle-lever, 16, and adjusting-screw 17, the upper end of the lever 16 taking into the cap-iron 18 of the cutting-bit, all as in a well-known prior construction.

In all of the various forms shown the two outer edges of the cutting-bit are received in between the upwardly-projecting lugs 14 14, so as to be engaged thereby, and the lever is pivoted to the stock underneath the cutter and vibrates laterally in a plane which is parallel to that of the cutting-bit. A lateral movement of the lever on its fulcrum causes the upwardly-projecting lugs to move laterally with said lever. One or the other of the upwardly-projecting lugs 14 (according to which direction the lever is moved) will engage with one edge of the cutting-bit and carry said bit laterally to adjust its lower edge, so as to be square with the stock, the general effect being the same as in lateral adjustments heretofore employed.

I do not claim, broadly, a lever pivoted to the stock underneath and parallel with the cutting-bit for rnoving it laterally; but, so far as I know, these laterally-adjusting levers, when directly engaging the cutting-bit, have been made to engage the cuting-bit at a point midway between its two edges.

I claim as my invention —

In a benoh-plane, the combination of the cutting-bit, a laterally-adjusting lever, the laterally-projecting arms and upwardly-projecting lugs moving laterally with said lever and adapted to engage the outer edges of the cutting-bit, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

FRANK M. BAILEY.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
F. N. STANLEY.

No. 386,509 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”440″]386509

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 386,509, dated July 24, 1888.
Application filed April 17, 1888. Serial No. 270,273. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, which improvement is fully set forth and described in the following specification.

Reference is also made to the sheet of drawings annexed hereto, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane having my improvement embodied therein. Fig. 2 is a sectional detail view of the same on line x x of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a like view with the cutting-bit attached. Fig. 4 is a sectional detailed view on a central longitudinal line. Fig. 5 is a detached perspective view of the lever by means of which the cutting-bit is rocked or adjusted laterally, as hereinafter explained.

The class of planes to which my invention relates is that in which the cutting-bit may be adjusted laterally relative to its seat for the purpose of bringing the cutting-edge of said bit parallel with the throat, or, in other words, square with the plane-stock. A familiar type of said class is shown and fully described in my Patents No. 306,877 issued October 21, 1884, and No. 376,455, January 17, 1888, to which patents reference is hereby made.

The object of my present invention is to improve the construction of the lever employed to adjust the bit laterally, so that said device may work easier and with less friction than heretofore. To produce this desired result I have secured to the bit-engaging end of the adj usting-lever an anti-frictional disk that partially rotates on its axial pivot, as I will proceed to describe.

The letter B denotes the cutting-bit; A, the seat provided for said bit in the so-called “frog” of the plane, and C the cap-iron.

a indicates my new form of lever provided to adjust the bit in a lateral direction. Said lever is perforated, as at a’, to slip over a pin, a2, near the rear end of the bit-seat A, said pin forming the fulcrum on which the lever swings. The bit-seat is recessed, as atb, to receive said lever, said recess being of such depth that the lever may move freely between the bit and frog when the several parts are assembled for use. The lower or short arm of lever a has pivoted to its bit-engaging side a disk, c, that may rotate freely on its pivot. This disk, when the parts are assembled, projects upward into the bit slot d. (See Figs. 3 and 4.)

When it is desired to adjust the bit to square it with the plane-stock, the free end of lever a is swung to one side — as, for example, in Fig. 3 — which action moves the short arm of said lever in the opposite direction, and the disk c carries with or before it the bit B. During this adjusting operation disk c partially revolves on its axial pivot, and so reduces in a considerable degree the friction of the engaging parts.

My device, as described, may be applied to planes of this class without any material changes, and does not add to the cost of such tools.

I claim as my invention —

In combination with the stock and bit of a plane, a lever for laterally adjusting said bit, and the rotary disk pivoted on the shorter arm of said lever and engaging the longitudinal slot of said bit, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
HENRY S. WALTER,
H. C. HINE.

No. 380,811 – Chisel-Gage (Charles L. Mead) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”433″]380811

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES L. MEAD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

CHISEL-GAGE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 380,811, dated April 10, 1888.
Application filed January 26, 1888. Serial No. 261,982. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES L, MEAD, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chisel-Gages, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in chisel-gages for use in blind-nailing, and the main object of my improvement is to prevent the shaving turned up from breaking off.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my gage with a portion of a chisel to which the gage is attached, and Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section of said gage with a side elevation of said portion of a chisel.

In blind-nailing a narrow shaving is raised up from the surface of the wood, a nail or brad then driven into the wood at the place from which the shaving was raised, and then the shaving is glued and turned back to cover the nail-head. My gage is designed for attachment to a chisel for such use.

I prefer to form the body A of sheet metal from a flat blank bent up at each side into a trough-shaped body, as shown. The bottom of this trough-shaped body is the gaging-surface, and is provided with a throat, through which the cutting-edge of the chisel-blade B may project and on the rear edge of which it may rest, as shown. The chisel-blade also rests upon the cross pin a.

Immediately above and forward of the rear edge of the throat there is a rearwardly and upwardly inclined guard, b, the same being nearly or quite parallel to the front face ofthe chisel-blade at its forward end. As illustrated, this guard is turned up from the bottom face of said sheet-metal body, the metal being merely slit at the end and sides of the guard to enable it to be thus turned up. While I prefer to thus form the body and guard of sheet metal, it is evident that the same form of body and guard might be made of cast metal.

The gage is held in place on the chisel-blade by the clamping mechanism, which consists of the pivoted clamping-lever C and its screw c.

The guard b prevents the shaving from rolling up as it is raised from the wood; in other words, it is not bent on as short a curve as it would be without said guard, and consequently it is less liable to be broken off before or when putting it back into place for covering the nail-heads.

I claim as my invention–

1. The herein-described gage for chisels, the same consisting of the body, the clamping mechanism for attaching it to a chisel-blade, and a guard immediately above and forward of the rear edge of the throat in th under side of said body and extending rearwardly and upwardly, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. The herein-described gage for chisels, the same consisting of the body and clamping mechanism for attaching the gage to a chisel-blade, said body being formed of sheet metal and having the guard b bent upwardly from the bottom face of said sheet-metal body, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

CHARLES L. MEAD.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
JAMES SHEPARD.

No. 378,854 – Grooving And Boxing Tool For Carriage-Makers (Justus A. Traut) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”430″]378854

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

GROOVING AND BOXING TOOL FOR CARRIAGE-MAKERS.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,854, dated February 28, 1888.
Application filed July 6, 1886. Serial No. 207212. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Grooving and Boxing Tools for Carriage-Makers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in carriage-makers’ tools of the class usually termed “rooters;” and one object of my invention is to increase the utility and efficiency of the tool, so that it may do the work of several separate tools as heretofore constructed.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my tool in the form adapted to do the work of one style of rooter. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same, together with a piece of work. Fig. 3 is a reverse plan view of said tool. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the same tool differently adjusted, so as to perform the work of another style of rooter, said figure also showing a piece of work. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of one side of one of the ears to which the handles are attached. Fig. 6 is a like view of that face of the handle which confronts the face of the handle-ears, Fig. 5. Fig. 6a is a transverse section on line y y, Fig. 1, of the stock of my tool, showing the other parts in side elevation. Fig. 7 is a reverse plan view of the middle portion of my tool, corresponding to Fig. 3, but with shoes or guides added thereto. Fig. 8 is a view showing the back side of the cutter for the rooter. Fig. 9 is a reverse plan view of my tool arranged for use as a boxer or paneling-tool. Fig. 10 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 11 is a transverse section of the same on line x x of Fig. 10, and Fig. 12 is a like section of the same with the cutting-tool reversed.

A designates the stock of my implement, which stock is substantially a flat block with smooth under side and edges, having an upwardly-projecting tool-post, a, and handle-ears b b. For convenience of holding the handles B B in the desired positions, a rib, c, Fig. 5, is formed on the face of the handle-ears b b, and as many grooves, d, Fig. 6, are formed on the face of the handle-shank as may be desired, into either of which grooves the rib may enter to hold the handles in the desired position. The screw e serves as a pivot on which the handles turn after-the screw has been loosened sufficiently to let the rib c disengage the grooves. The screw alone might be depended upon to hold the handles in place; but by the use of the rib c and grooves there is less liability of displacement from any given adjustment. These screws e are substantially parallel with a transverse line across the under face of the stock, to enable the handles to be set for use in the relation to the under face of the stock shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, or as in Fig. 4. For most uses the handles will beset parallel with the stock A, as in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10.

Side guides or gages, C C, are secured upon the stock A, the same being fitted to slide thereon and to be fastened in place, when adjusted, by means of the set-screws f. The stock A has an opening by the side of the tool-post a, through which the shank of the T-shaped tool D passes, said tool being held in position by the yoke E and its clamp-screw g. The two ends of the cross member of the T-shaped tool D are made hooked, as shown most clearlyin Figs. 3 and 7, to form, respectively, right and left hand cutters, either of which may be used. The shank of the tool is grooved longitudinally and fits a vertical rib on the side of the tool-post a. The gages G C can be set to have the ends of the cutters project a distance equal to the desired depth of cut.

F, Fig. 2, designates a piece of work such as the rooter is designed to groove, the implement being shown in said figure in position for forming said groove, the under face of the stock gaging the distance of the groove from the top of the work, while the gage C will gage the depth of cut. In starting a groove with the rooter, the cutter may be prevented from taking too rank a cut by canting the position of the tool with reference to the work, letting one handle fall backward and the other forward, so that the forward corner of one of the gages C may come against the work. As the groove deepens, the operator will give the tool a less canting position to feed the cutter in as fast as may be desired, until finally that part of the gage near the cutter bears on the work and the tool can cut no deeper without changing the gage.

If desired, shoes or guards k k may be secured to the under side of the gages C C just in front of the cutter, as shown in Fig. 7, so as to prevent the cutter from working too rank; but when the tool is used as above described these shoes are not essential.

In Fig. 4, G designates a piece of work of a different form, and in order to adapt the tool for this work the handles are adjusted into a position at right angles to the stock, so that the implement may be applied to the work as illustrated and then conveniently operated by the handles.

In Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12 the implement is arranged for use as a boxer or paneling-tool. The T-shaped tool D and depth-gages C C are removed and the tool H substituted for the tool D. Like tools of varying widths are furnished, either of which may be used. This tool thus arranged may be used for sinking a box or panel or for smoothing the surface thereof. It will ordinarily be used as arranged in Figs. 9, 10, and 11; but sometimes for working in cramped places it may be desirable to secure the tool upon the other side of the tool-post a and reverse the position of the yoke E, as shown in Fig. 12.

I claim as my invention —

1. The combination of the stock A, having handles B B, the T-shaped cutter D, having a cutting-edge at each end of its cross member, whereby right or left hand cuts may be made without special adjustment, mechanism for holding said cutter, and the gages C C, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of the stock, right and left gages and cutters adapted for use in cutting lateral grooves either on the right or left side of vertical faces, and the handles B B, pivoted on axes which are substantially parallel with a transverse line across the under face of the stock and adapted to be adjusted and secured at different angles to the stock, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

3. The herein-described convertible rooter and boxer, consisting of the stock A, having a flat under face, the rooting and boxing cutters fltted for separate application to the stock, clamping mechanism for holding either of said cutters with their cutting end projecting below the bottom face of the stock, and attachable and detachable transverse gages for attachment to the bottom face of the stock, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
JOHN EDWARD, Jr.,
JAMES SHEPARD.

No. 378,494 – Bench-Plane (Henry M. Clark) (1888)

No. 378,494 – Bench-Plane (Henry M. Clark) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”428″]378494

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY M. CLARK, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,494, dated February 28, 1888.
Application filed July 23, 1887. Serial No. 245,046. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY M. CLARK, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the bit-adjusting mechanism of bench-planes; and the object of the improvement is to simplify the construction and to allow the several parts to be cheaply made and quickly assembled with but little fitting.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of the stock or body of a plane of my new construction with cutting-bit and holding-cap removed. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of said plane on line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan of the cutting-bit, and Fig. 4 an under side view of the lever by means of which said bit is moved laterally to square its cutting-edge with the stock.

The arrangement of the devices by means of which I effect both a lateral and longitudinal adjustment of the bit is believed to be new and forms an essential feature of my invention. Heretofore, so far as I know, the mechanism for adjusting the bit longitudinally has been connected directly with the cutting-bit or its cap-iron. In my improvement the lever for lateral adjustment forms the means of connecting the bit with the longitudinal adjustment, and thereby constitutes an essential part of said longitudinal adjustment.

In the drawings, a indicates the stock of the plane; b, the cutting-bit; c, the holding-cap, and d the screw provided for locking the cap and bit in their respective positions, the parts thus far named being old and well known. The solid portion,or so-called “frog,” of the stock a is inclined on its upper face at a proper angle to produce a shaving cut of the bit b, which bit rests on said frog at its lower end, and is slotted, as at e, to allow said bit to move both laterally and lengthwise without engaging the cap-screw d. That portion of the frog which is designed to receive the lever g is cut down, as at f, so that when the parts are assembled said lever lies underneath the bit with its upper surface in line with the forward part of the frog. The inner end of said lever is provided with a slot, h, which straddles a pin, i, projecting from the frog, said slot and pin forming a floating fulcrum for said lever. Between said fulcrum and the free end of lever g is a pivot-pin, k, projecting upward from said lever, and adapted to enter any one of a series of holes, m, in bit b.

Assuming, now, that we have a plane of the construction thus far described, the lateral movement of lever g in either direction will move the cutting-bit b (in the same direction) a distance proportionate to the leverage provided. In order to add to said construction mechanism for moving the bit longitudinally to govern the depth of the cut, I have provided transverse recesses or grooves n in the under side of lever g, and have connected therewith a toothed plate, o, pivoted in the stock a, and actuated by a thumb-nut, p, on a fixed screw, q. This device in itself is well known and needs no detailed description, and other known mechanism for longitudinal adjustment may be substituted therefor. It will now be understood that when it is desired to increase the depth of out the turning of thumb-nut p to the left hand will elevate the forked end of the plate o, and thus move forward lever g and the cutting-bit, to which said lever is attached by pin k.

Lever g is allowed to move lengthwise a considerable distance by the fulcrum-slot h, and as the bit becomes worn and shortened pin k may be entered in the next hole, m, of the series. To adjust bit b laterally to square its cutting-edge with stock a, the free end of lever g is swung to one side, as above noted, the action being the same as in planes of this class now in common use. When said lever is thus moved laterally, the recesses or grooves n, being of considerable length, remain in engagement with the teeth of plate o, so that the bit may be adjusted longitudinally without adjusting it laterally, or vice versa.

I am aware that a prior patent for a bench-plane shows and describes an adjusting-screw connected to and operating a longitudinally-sliding block that is clamped to the under side of the cutting-bit by a screw which passes through a fellow plate on the upper side of the cutting-bit and through the slot in said bit, which block, fellow plate, and screw form the sole means of connecting the adjusting-screw with the cutting-bit. The said sliding block and fellow plate have connected thereto a laterally-adjusting lever, the same being carried longitudinally with said block and fellow plate. Such a plane, having a laterally-adjusting lever which merely rides upon the mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bit longitudinally without forming an essential part of said longitudinal adjusting mechanism, is hereby disclaimed.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination of the laterally-adjusting lever, the mechanism for operating directly upon said lever for adjusting it longitudinally, and the cutting-bit connected to said laterally-adjusting lever, whereby said lever forms an essential part of the mechanism for adjusting the cutting-bit longitudinally, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination of the cutting-bit having a series of holes, m, the laterally-adjusting lever let into the face of the frog and fulcrumed thereon by a pin-and-slot connection, said lever also having a pin for insertion in one of the holes m, and mechanism applied directly to said lever for adjusting it, and through it the bit in a longitudinal direction, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

HENRY M. CLARK.

Witnesses:
JOHN EDWARDS, Jr.,
JAMES SHEPARD.

No. 376,455 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”426″]376455

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 376,455, dated January 17, 1888.
Application filed July 23, 1887. Serial No. 245,062. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, which improvements are so described in detail in the following specification as to enable others skilled in the art to which they pertain to make and use the same, reference being also had to the annexed sheet of drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan view of a plane-stock with bit-adjusting devices attached thereto, the position of the bit being indicated in dotted lines. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a plane, with a portion of the stock (on line x x, Fig. 1) in section to expose the operative parts of the tool.

These improvements are applicable to bench-planes in which provision is made for both lateral and longitudinal adjustment ofthe cutting-bit, a familiar type of said planes being shown in my former patent, No. 306,877, of October 11, 1884. In said former patent I have experienced some inconvenience in pivoting the lever which provides lateral adjustment of the bit, and also in combining in a practical manner said lever with certain forms of mechanism for providing longitudinal adjustment.

My present improvements are intended to overcome these defects and to utilize in the best possible manner the limited space devoted to these mechanisms.

Referring to the drawings, the letter a indicates a plane-stock, b the notched plate by which longitudinal adjustment of the bit c is attained, d the thumb-nut which actuates said plate, and e the screw which holds the cap-section k in place, said section being brought into bearing on said bit by means of the cam f which is pivoted thereto, all of these parts being old in this class of planes.

Immediately below the bit c is located a lever, g, whose inner end is perforated and preferably tapped to fit the threaded portion of screw e. This screw is thus made to serve as the fulcrum of said lever, and simplifies in a considerable degree the construction of the plane. When tapped out, as above stated, the fit should be loose enough so there will be no tendency to turn and loosen screw e as the lever is swung from side to side. By threading the hole in the lever and pivoting it on the threaded portion of the screw, the lever is always held in proper position on the frog, so that it will not become displaced when the cap-section is removed. Said lever is formed with an integral upwardly-projecting rib, h, which enters a slot in bit c (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1) and acts to move said bit substantially the same as the lever in my said former patent, with this exception, that in the present instance the manner of pivoting forms a lever of the second order instead of the first, as before. Lever g, as it leaves the fulcrum-screw, is bent laterally and extends rearward at one side of the notched plate b, and is then preferably brought back into the same vertical plane as the pivoted end first described. (See Fig. 1.) This laterally-bent form of adjusting-lever allows me to enlarge, strengthen, and alter the mechanism provided for longitudinal adjustment of the bit, and to adopt other means of longitudinal adjustment which would lie in the path of straight levers as now commonly used.

Having described my improvements, I claim as new and wish to secure by Letters Patent —

1. In combination with the stock and cutting-bit of a bench-plane, a lever for laterally adjusting said bit, fulcrumed on the screw which secures the cap section, in substantially the manner and for the purpose herein specified.

2. In combination with the stock and bit of a plane, a lever for laterally adjusting said bit, said lever being tapped to fit and fulcrumed on the cap-screw, substantially as and for the objects specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
F. N. STANLEY.

No. 355,031 – Bench-Plane (Samuel D. Sargent) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”418″]355031

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL D. SARGENT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 355,031, dated December 28, 1886.
Application filed September 6, 1886. Serial No. 212,803. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL D. SARGENT, a citizen oi the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, and has particular relation to the manner of holding the cutting-bit within the stock.

One object of my improvement is to produce a plane in which the bit can be clamped by fewer and more direct motions, and therefore more conveniently, than heretofore.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my plane. Fig. 2 is a side view of the same, partly in section and partly in elevation. Fig. 3 is a like view with the holding-cap placed in position with its lever raised ready for clamping the bit. Fig. 4. is a plan view of my holding-cap and its lever detached from the plane, and Fig. 5 is a like view of the reverse side of the same.

The stock A and the means for adjusting the cutting-bit after it is clamped within said stock may be of any ordinary construction.

B designates a headed screw set in a threaded hole in the frog or stock in the ordinary manner of this class of planes, so that by screwing it in or out the distance between the under side of the screw-head and the upper side of the cutting-bit C may be adjusted. A fixed stud with an adjustable head or a headed bolt adjusted by a nut would be the equivalent of this screw.

D is the holding cap or wedge, having a hole near its center, as viewed in plan view, which hole is large enough to let the head of the screw B pass through it. Pivoted to this cap by means of the pintle a is the clamping-lever E, the upper end of which is preferably of a form which will serve as a handle for the plane, while its lower and short end is slotted to take under the head of the screw upon two sides. The slot in this lever opens into the central hole in the cap. Said slot also extends both forward and backward of the pintle a, and hence said pintle is in two parts — one on each side of said slot — as indicated by the broken lines in Fig. 5.

The holding-cap is so formed on its under side as to bear upon the cutter only at the ends of said cap. After setting the bit in place the holding-cap and attached lever are placed on the bit (or on the cap-iron in case of a double plane-iron) by letting the central hole pass over the screw-head, then slipping the holding-cap downward to let the slotted end of the lever under the head of the screw, as shown in Fig. 3. The long end of the lever E is then depressed, when said lever fulcrums on the under side of the screw-head and carries the holding-cap downward into the position shown in Fig. 2, in which the pintle a (indicated by the broken circle) is slightly in advance of the lever on the screw-head, and consequently the pressure on the screw will hold the lever in its clamping position. If the adjusting-screw is properly set, the bit will be then firmly clamped. In putting in the clamping device the operator takes hold of the handle only and sets the holding-cap in place, then merely presses the outer end of the handle obliquely downward with only one motion. It will thus be seen that in clamping the bit the movement of the cap and lever-handle is practically in the same direction — forward and downward — and therefore these parts are more conveniently handled than parts which require to be moved in reverse directions — as, for instance, when the lever requires to be first moved backward and upward, as is the case in several prior planes. The clamping mechanism is also believed to be very efficient.

I claim as my invention —

In a plane, the combination of the holding-screw B, the holding-cap D, adapted to bear at each end upon the bit, and the clamping-lever pivoted or hinged to said cap between the bearing ends and having its upper face adapted to engage and fulcrum upon the under side of the screw-head, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

SAMUEL D. SARGENT.

Witnesses:
F. N. STANLEY,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 350,613 – Bench-Plane (Frank M. Bailey) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”415″]350613

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK M. BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 350,613, dated October 12, 1886.
Application filed March 23, 1885. Serial No. 196,285. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK M. BAILEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, and has particular reference to mechanism for adjusting the cutter.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple, convenient, and inexpensive mechanism for this purpose.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a bench-plane showing my adjusting mechanism, and Fig. 2 is in part a longitudinal section through the adjusting mechanism and in part an elevation.

The plane in its general feature is of ordinary construction, of which a designates the cutting-bit-, b the cap-iron, and A the holding cap or clamp for holding the cutter in place. I pivot an angle-lever, c, in the body of the holding cap A, with one arm of said lever projecting through the holding-cap into a hole made to receive it in the cap-iron b in case of a plane having a double iron, or in the cutter itself or some part rigidly affixed thereto in case of a plane having a single iron. The outer end of the lever, as shown, has two arms, d d, which constitute the operating-handles for moving the lever to adjust the cutter up or down. These two handles are a convenience, as by pressing upon one of them the cutter is forced downward, while pressing upon the other forces the cutter upward. Only one arm, however, is necessary, as that will operate to adjust the cutter both ways by pulling outward or depressing said arm.

The main feature of my invention resides in the adjusting-lever pivoted to the holding-cap, and having a handle which forms a part of said lever upon the upper front side of said holding-cap.

I am aware that it is old to employ a lever having one arm connected with the cutter, while the other arm serves as an operating-handle of a plane-bit-adjusting mechanism, said lever being pivoted to the stock underneath and back of the cutting-bit, and the same is hereby disclaimed. Such an adjusting-lever can only be reached by the ends of one’s fingers, and is very inconvenient to operate, besides being in the way when grasping the handle of the plane. By my invention all the space under the frog and in front of the handle is left open and unobstructed, so that there is plenty of room for the fingers of the operator while grasping the handle, and no liability of hitting and hurting the fingers, as there is in planes having this space cramped by an adjusting mechanism. The construction is also very much simplified, so that the plane can be produced at a small cost. It also enables me to use a T form of lever when desired, so that the cutter can be adjusted both up and down by covering the two arms d d with the palm of one’s hand and bearing down upon either arm. Such a mode of adjusting cannot be employed when the adjusting-lever is placed back of and underneath the cutting-bit. Even with only one arm for an operating-handle, the lever is much more accessible and more conveniently operated than in any prior plane known to me.

I am also aware that an adjusting mechanism for a plane iron is shown in a prior patent as provided with an operating-screw for the adjusting mechanism, the handle of which screw is upon the upper front side of the holding cap or clamp, and I hereby disclaim the same.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a bench plane, the combination of the cutting-bit a, the holding cap or clamp A, and the adjusting-lever pivoted thereto and having its operating-handle on the upper front side of said holding cap or clamp, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a bench-plane, the adjusting angle-lever c, having one arm for connecting with the cutting-bit projected through the holding cap or clamp A and pivoted thereto, and the two arms d d, extending in opposite directions from the main arm upon the upper front side of the cap, to serve as operating-handles, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

FRANK M. BAILEY.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.