Tag: Plane Stock

No. 1,192,849 – Bench Plane (John F. Bridges) (1916)

[paiddownloads id=”713″]1192849

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN F. BRIDGES, OF ALAMEDA, CALIFORNIA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

1,192,849. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 1, 1916.
Application filed June 15, 1914. Serial No. 845,206.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN F. BRIDGES, citizen of the United States, residing at Alameda, in the county of Alameda and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench planes; and as its primary object contemplates a sectional plane wherein means is provided for vertically adjusting one of the said sections relatively to the blade to in this manner vary the depth of the cut and simultaneously enlarging or diminishing the chip throat.

A further object of the invention is to provide improved and simplified means for adjusting the blade relatively to the operating surface of the plane stock.

The above and additional objects are accomplished by such means as are illustrated in their preferred embodiment in the accompanying drawings, described in the following specification and then more particularly pointed out in the claims which are appended hereto and form a part of this application.

In describing my invention in detail reference will be had to the accompanying drawings wherein like characters denote like or corresponding parts throughout the several views, and in which :–

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bench plane constructed in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is a top plan view, partly broken away; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plane as shown in Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view, the back face of the blades and bed plates being shown in elevation.

Referring now to the drawings by numerals, 1 and 2 designate respectively the plane sections, the said sections forming the stock or body of the tool. A partition 3 is formed integrally with plane section 2 at its forward end, the partition having formed integrally therewith a screw block 4. Angular extensions 5 are formed integrally with the plane section 2, the said extensions 5 being formed, one at each side of the said sections, and disposed to extend inwardly as shown to advantage in Fig. 2 whereby to form vertical grooves or guide ways 6 within which angular extensions 7 integral with a partition 8 of plane section 1 is fitted, this arrangement holding the said two sections together; preventing lateral and longitudinal movement of the said two sections; yet permitting, as will hereinafter appear, vertical adjustment of plane section 1 relatively to the said section 2 for the purpose of varying the depth of the cut made by the tool.

Partition 8 is enlarged at its base as indicated at 9, the enlargement having formed therein a threaded recess 10, said recess receiving the threaded shank 11 of an operating screw designated 12, said screw having a single spirally coiled thread adapted for engagement with the groove therefor in screw block 4. An opening 14 is formed in said partition 8, said opening providing an operating space for the said screw 12.

A suitable bed plate 15 is carried by plane section 2, the said plates being disposed at an angle of approximately 45° and formed integrally with a web-like support 16 attached as indicated at 17 to lugs 18 integral with the base of section 2.

The blade 19, of the plane, is longitudinally slotted in a manner common to the art and is held in place against bed plate 15 and against an enlargement 20 of the plane base through the medium of an attaching plate 21, said plate having associated therewith a cam lever 22 pivoted as at 23 to the plate 21, the head 24 of the cam lever being adapted for frictional engagement with the top or forward face of the blade 19 to serve as a means whereby the said blade is held immovable relatively to the bed plate 15 and the fastening plate 21 in firm frictional engagement with a retaining screw 25 operating within a slot 26 of the plate 21 and extending through blade 19, said plate 15, and into an enlargement 26′ of the web-like support 16 above mentioned. The cutting edge of the blade 19 extends beneath the operating surface of the plane through an opening or transverse slot 27 formed at the forward end of plane section 2 and at the base of partition 3 thereof.

When it is desired that the depth of cut be varied to a small degree, operating screw 12 is partially rotated through manipulation of handle 28 forming a part thereof, causing plane section 1 to move vertically relatively to plane section 2, thus exposing a greater portion of the blade 19 to view. Should such adjustment prove insuflicient, and greater adjustment be desired, cam lever 22 is raised to remove attaching plate 21 out of frictional engagement with retaining screw 25 and blade 19 out of frictional engagement with bed plate 15, in which event, blade 19 is adjusted vertically as desired. When adjusted, cam lever 22 is again forced into the position shown in Fig. 3, retaining screw 25 having been previously adjusted, such forced movement of the said lever causing the attaching plate 21 to again frictionally engage the retaining screw and the blade 19 to remain immovable relatively to the said plate 15 of the plane.

A knob 29 and a handle 30 are made fast to the respective sections 1 and 2 of the plane in a manner common to the art.

From the foregoing, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings it is apparent that minute or finger adjustment is made possible by the provision of the operating screw 12; that unlimited adjustment is made possible by the cam lever 22; and that by the provision of the extensions 5 and 7, arranged as shown to advantage in Fig. 2, the sections of the plane are held against longitudinal and lateral movement independently of each other, yet, when it is desired that one of the sections be adjusted relatively to the other, such vertical adjustment is permitted.

In reduction to practice, I have found that the form of my invention, illustrated in the dravvings and referred to in the above description, as the preferred embodiment, is the most efficient and practical; yet realizing that the conditions concurrent with the adoption of my device will necessarily vary, I desire to emphasize the fact that various minor changes in details of construction, proportion and arrangement of parts may be resorted to, when required, Without sacrificing any of the advantages of my invention, as defined in the appended claims.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is :–

In a bench plane; a stock section having a front wall extending at a substantially right angle to the planing surface thereof, and a frog mounted in spaced relation to said wall supporting the planing knife; in combination with a second stock section having a wall extending upwardly at right angles to the planing face thereof, and in spaced relation to the rear edge, means carried by said walls whereby said sections may be held in interlocking engagement, said second section providing a throat above the planing edge of said knife, and means to adjust said sections relatively, whereby the throat will be enlarged or constricted consistent with the variations of the depths of cut of the planing knife.

ln testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN F. BRIDGES.

Witnesses:
M. C. GORHAM,
A. W. BURGRON.

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Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the “Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.”
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No. 816,335 – Carpenter’s Plane (Alexander Kalla) (1906)

[paiddownloads id=”627″]816335

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALEXANDER KALLA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

816,335. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented March 27, 1906.
Application filed April 25, 1905. Serial No. 257,299.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER KALLA, a resident of New York city, Manhattan borough, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes , of which the following is a specification.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a combination-plane with improved means for adjusting the cutting-tool.

A further object is to provide improved means whereby a plane-stock or smoothing-plane, for instance, can be attached to a relatively larger stock or shoe, whereby a jack-plane is produced, and to permit of said plane-stock or smoothing-plane to be utilized independently of said larger stock or shoe.

To these and other ends, which will hereinafter appear, my invention comprises the novel features of improvement and combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter set forth, and finally pointed out in the appended claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, wherein —

Figure 1 illustrates my improved plane in plan view, one end being broken away. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section thereof, the section being taken on a line a a in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-section thereof, the section being taken on a line b b in Fig. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional plan view, the section being taken on a line c c in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the bit-iron, the section being taken on a line d d in Fig. 1, showing the bit, the clamp for holding said bit, the shave-iron, and means for holding the bit and shave-iron together. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary face view of the bit-iron, showing the means for adjusting the bit longitudinally, the bit being removed, showing also a portion of the shave-iron, and means for adjusting same. Fig. 7 is a cross-section of the clamp-iron, the section being taken on a line e e in Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a detail plan view of the cam for clamping the plane-stock and shoe together. Fig. 9 is an end view thereof and shows the angular slot therein, and Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the bit-iron.

Like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several views.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, special reference being made to Fig. 2, the numeral 1 indicates a shoe which has supported thereupon a smaller plane 2, the stock 3 of which is held in place by a forward dog 4 and a rear dog 5. As will be seen, the dog 5 is adapted to pass into the opening A in the bottom of the handle 6 and catch upon a projection 7, which in this instance is a portion of the bottom 8 of the stock 3. An opening 9 is formed in the bottom 8 of the stock 3, which alines with an opening 10 in the bottom 11 of the shoe 1, and, as is obvious, the said two openings are for the purpose of permitting an entrance of the bit of the plane 2. The back end of the opening 10 is tapered, as at 12, for a purpose to be hereinafter explained. The bit-iron 13 of the plane 2 is movably mounted thereupon, and to permit of a vertical movement, at the same time precluding displacement, I mount upon the sides 14 of the plane guides 15, Fig. 4, and upon the bit-iron 13 slides 16. As will be seen, the arrangement of said guides and slides is adapted to prevent any tendency toward movement excepting in a vertical plane. Upon the bottom of the bit-iron 13 I secure a plate 17, which is held against said bottom by screw-bolts 13 13, Fig. 3. Said plate 17 is carried beyond the sides 14 of the shoe to an extent which permits the said plate to contact the guides 15. This has for an object to line up the bit of the plane 2 with the bottom of said plane when detached and used independently of the shoe, as without such provision the bit-iron could be raised to any extent and alinement of the bit would be difficult.

Upon the bottom 8 of the plane 2 I mount a segment 19. Within the periphery of the rounded portion of said segment is cut a groove 19a, said groove being angularly disposed with reference to the axis of the pin 20. (See Figs. 3 and 9.) Within said groove a tongue 21 upon the plate 17 is adapted to fit. The bottom surface of the nose 21′ of the bit-iron 13 is designed to come flush with the bottom of the bottom portion 11 of the shoe 1 when said shoe and plane 2 are locked together for use, the rear edge of said nose being slightly tapered to correspond with the tapered edge 12 of the bottom 11 of the shoe 1. The locking process will now be explained. When the plane 2 is detached from the shoe 1, the bit-iron 13 will of course be raised to its highest position, that being when the plate 17 is in contact with the guides 15. To raise and retain the bit-iron in this position, it is but necessary to operate the segment 19 , as per the arrow, Fig. 3, or, in other words, to operate it so that the angular groove 19a forces the plate 17 upwardly and jams it in place against the guides 15, which act as an abutment. Supposing it to be in this position and I wish to place the plane upon and lock it to the shoe 1, I place it upon the dogs, as shown by dotted lines B, Fig. 2, the opening A in the bottom of the handle 6 being large enough to do this. Having done this, the nose 21′ of the bit-iron 13 will be substantially over the opening 10 in the bottom 11 of the shoe 1. By reversing the segment 19 or pushing it opposite to the direction of the arrow in Fig. 3 the whole bit-iron will be forced downwardly, sliding in the guides 15. The tapered rear edge of the nose 21′ will contact the tapered edge 12, and further movement will tend to jam the plane 2 against the dogs. It will of course be understood that the tapered edges referred to will be designed to allow the bottom of the nose 21′ to aline with the bottom 11 of the shoe 1 substantially at the same time that the said jamming of the plane 2 occurs.

Upon the bit-iron 13 I mount the usual bit 22, special means for adjustment being employed. Within the bit 22 I place a lonitudinal slot 23, which may be as long as disirable, and within this slot a block 24, Figs. 2 and 6, is fitted, said block having a projection 25, Figs. 2 and 3, which passes through a transverse slot 26 in the bit-iron 13, Fig. 3, said projection being adapted to work therein. A threaded spindle 27 is rotatably mounted upon said bit-iron and passes through a threaded hole within the projection 25 of the block 24, a thumb-wheel 28 being provided for operation. The function of the block 24 is obvious — namely, to adjust the bit 22 transversely of the bit-iron 13, or, in other words, to enable the operator to bring the cutting edge of the bit in proper relationship with the work. When properly adjusted, the bit 22 is held in place or secured against movement by the clamp 29, Fig. 5, said clamp being provided with a cam 30, which coacts with an opposite cam 31, which is carried by a pin 32, rotatably supported by said clamp 29, a lever 33, Fig. 1, carried by said pin 32, being the means for operation. The clamp 29 is loosely mounted upon the bit-iron 13 and may be moved outwardly, thereby bringing the cams away from the bit in the event of a desire to disassemble. Upon said bit 22 I mount the usual shave-iron 34, Figs. 1 and 2, with special means for adjustment, said means being a wheel 35, carried by the bit-iron 13, said wheel being provided with teeth 36 upon a portion of its periphery, a worm 37, carried by a rotatable shaft 38, supported upon the bit-iron 13, being the means for rotating the wheel 35, a thumb-wheel 39 being provided for the purpose of rotating the shaft 38. Within the wheel 35 I provide an eccentric slot 40, into which a projection 41 of a block 42 projects, Figs. 2 and 3. The block 42 works in an opening 43, Fig. 6, in the bit-iron 13, said opening being provided with guides 44 and said block 42 with guideways 45, Fig. 2. The block 42 carries a nib 46, Fig. 1 , which enters an opening to fit it in the shave-iron 34. By rotatin the wheel 35 by the means described the block 42 can be moved up or down in the opening 43, thereby moving the shave-iron toward or away from the work. To clamp the shave-iron in position, a clamp composed of a cam 46′ , carried by said shave-iron, Figs. 2 and 5, and a cam 47, carried by a lever 48, is provided. The lever 48 carries a rotatable spindle 49, which is provided with a block 50, which is within a recess 51 in the bit-iron 13 and under the bit 22. When the lever 48 is rotated properly, the cams 46′ and 47 by means of the spindle 49 force the bit and bit-iron together, thereby clamping same, the bit being held, as has been explained, by the clamp 29.

To prevent chattering, I provide a clamp-iron or wedge 52, Figs. 1 and 2, said clamp-iron bein provided with a hook 53, which is movabfy mounted therein, the means for operation being a swivel-cam 54, Fig. 7. The points 55 of said cam 54 will rest within a recess 56, formed within the iron 52, when the members are not clamped, and when it is desired to clamp the members together the said points 55 will ride up are inclined sides of said recess 56 when the cam is rotated. This will draw the nose 57, Fig. 2, of the hook 58 up against the bit-iron 13, thereby clamping the shave-iron and bit as a whole against the bit-iron. A spring 58 is provided and is so adjusted as to tend to constantly force the hook 53 backward, this being for the purpose of facilitating the disassemblage of the clamp-iron from the bit-iron. At the back end of the clamp-iron 52 a pin 59 is provided to limit the downward movement of the back end of said iron, suitable openings being provided in the bit and shave-iron for the hook to ass through, as shown.

It will be obvious from the foregoing that the plane 2 can be disengaged from the shoe 1 and used as a smoothing-plane, and it will also be evident that many of the minor details of construction may be varied without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having now descriibed my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. An improved carpenter’s plane comprising a stock, an adjustable bit-iron carried by said stock, said bit-iron being provided with a bit and shave-iron, means for adjusting said bit and shave-iron with reference to each other, an opening in the bottom of said stock, a projecting nose upon said bit-iron adapted to pass through said opening, and means for imparting a vertical movement to said bit-iron, whereby the bit thereupon can be adjusted relatively to the bottom surface of said stock.

2. An improved carpenter’s plane comprising a stock, an adjustable bit-iron carried by said stock, said bit-iron being provided with a bit and shave-iron, means for adjusting said bit and shave-iron with reference to each other, an opening in the bottom of said stock, a projecting nose upon said bit-iron adapted to pass through said opening, a cam carried by said stock, means carried by said bit-iron for engaging said cam, and means for operating said cam in such a manner as to impart a vertical movement to said bit-iron whereby the bit thereupon can be adjusted relatively to the bottom of said stock.

3. An improved carpenter’s plane comprising a stock, an adjustable bit-iron carried by said stock, said bit-iron being provlded with a bit and shave-iron, means for adjusting said bit and shave-iron with reference to each other, an opening in the bottom of said stock, a projecting nose upon said bit-iron, said nose having the rear wall thereofin contact with the bottom member of said stock, whereby chattering of the bit is prevented, a cam carried by said stock, means carried by said bit-iron for engaging said cam, and means for operating said cam in such a manner as to impart a vertical movement to said bit-iron whereby the bit thereupon can be adjusted relatively to the bottom of said stock.

4. An improved carpenter’s plane comprising a stock, vertical guideways carried by said stock, a bit-iron adjustably mounted in said guideways, a bit and shave-iron adjustably mounted upon said bit-iron, an opening in the bottom of said stock, a projecting nose upon said bit-iron, said nose having the rear wall thereof in contact with the rear wall of said opening, whereby chattering of said bit is prevented, a cam carried by said stock, means carried by said bit-iron for engaging said cam, and means for operating said cam in such a manner as to impart a vertical movement to said bit-iron, whereby the bit thereupon can be adjusted relatively to the bottom of said stock.

ALEXANDER KALLA.

Witnesses:
HASKEL CORENTHAL,
EMANUEL ELLER.

No. 814,718 – Plane (Charles E. Mitchell) (1906)

[paiddownloads id=”626″]814718

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES E. MITCHELL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PLANE.

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814,718. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented March 13, 1906.
Application filed March 26, 1902. Serial No. 100,012.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. MITCHELL, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to planes.

Among the main objects of my invention are to provide a plane construction which is simple, inexpensive, effective, and durable. These objects I attain by the use of a new form and arrangement of parts permitting the employment of wrought or sheet metal in the formation of several of the important elements.

ln the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the same. Fig. 3 is a front elevation. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a detail. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of another detail. Fig. 6 is a plan view of a blank. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of said blank after it has been partially formed. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a detail of construction formed from the blank 6, and Fig. 9 is a perspective view of another detail.

The stock — that is, the body — of the plane is preferably formed of sheet metal, in which the bottom portion 1 and the sides or cheek-pieces 2 2 may be formed from a blank of a single thickness of sheet metal of proper shape — for example, such a shape as shown in Fig. 6. In the preferable construction this blank is first bent upwardly or crowned, and the sides are also bent upwardly, so as to give to the blank the shape indicated in Fig. 7. When the bottom or floor 1 is flattened down, it will cause the sides or cheek-pieces 2 2 to converge, so that they will assume practically a vertical position. Manifestly the manipulation of the metal in order to produce the desired form may be modified in various ways. ln practice it is customary to provide a transverse passage in the bottom or floor 1, termed the “throat,” through which the cutting edge of the plane-iron projects in use. The throat 3 is indicated in dotted outline in Fig. 6 and may be formed at any time, either before or after the shaping of the stock.

ln the operation of planes of any considerable size it is customary to use both hands, and to that end two handles are usually employed. ln the drawings, 4 is a rear handle, and 5 is a knob constituting a forward handle. The knob 5 may be carried upon a plate 6, which performs the double function of supporting said knob and of reinforcing and strengthening the fioor of the said stock. This plate 6 is provided, by preference, with an integral angular bend 7 at its rear edge so positioned relatively to the throat 3 as to stand closely in front of the same, as best seen in the sectional view Fig. 2. This angular bend also serves to further stiffen the floor directly adjacent to the throat. The handle 4 is carried by the plate 8, which performs the double function of supporting said handle and of reinforcing the floor 1 to the rear of the throat 3.

9 is a supporting chair or bearing, preferably formed near the forward edge of the plate 9, giving further strength to the parts and performing an additional function — to wit, that of a bearing for the frog 10, against which the plane-iron, hereinafter referred to, is clamped. ln the preferable construction the chair or bearing 9 is so formed that the frog will rest upon the rear portion thereof. The forward end of the frog 10 bears upon the floor 1 or upon an extension of the plate 8, if it is desired to extend said plate close to the throat.

11 is a screw-bolt (any desire d number may be provided) which serves to clamp the frog securely in place upon the two bearings-the floor 1 and the chair 9. The bolt 11 is so positioned that it is intermediate of said bearings and will cause the frog to hug tightly thereon, thus preventing chattering of the parts when in use. The frog 10 supports the plane-iron 12, which is clamped thereto by means of a cap-piece 13, which engages with a cap-screw 14, carried by the frog, said engagement being effected in the usual manner.

17 is a cam carried by the cap-piece 13, the same being of the usual construction and performing the usual function — to wit, putting the parts under such tension as to properly clamp the cap-piece and plane-iron against the frog.

15 is a lever carried by a portion of the frog and operated by an adjusting-nut 16, a portion of the lever engaging the plane-iron, so that by means of the nut 16 said plane-iron may be adjusted accurately in the usual way.

I preferably employ a long plate 11a in place of an ordinary nut to coact with the screw-bolt 11. This is a preferable construction, because usually two screw-bolts are employed, both of which may engage with said plate 11a , which gives abroad bearing against the under side of the angular portion formed in the plate 8.

The plates 6 8 may be secured in place against the floor 1 in any well-known manner. One method of attaching the plates is shown in Fig. 3, in which the sides 2 2, close to the floor 1, may be milled out or undercut, and the edges of the plates 6 8 may be correspondingly beveled to take into said undercut recesses. Thus by making a tight fit the plates 6 8 may be driven tightly into place to reinforce and strengthen the floor. The handles 4 5 may be secured in any desired way; but by preference I secure them by means of rivet-bars 41 and 51, respectively. The heads of said rivet-bars engage in countersunk openings in the plates 8 6, respectively, while nuts 42 52 at the upper ends of said rivet-bars serve to clamp the handles 4 5 thereon, respectively.

Additional clamping devices may be employed-for example, a screw-bolt 43, having a nut 44. By this arrangement it will be observed the superposed parts may be securely fastened to the floor without projecting through the same, thus avoiding any danger of marring the wood upon which the plane is used by reason of any irregular projections from the under side of the plane, the surface of which should be smooth and even.

Various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, the essential feature of which is to provide a plane of such a construction that sheet metal may be utilized to form the stock or body portion thereof, which stock or body portion will possess all of the advantages of a cast-metal stock in addition to the advantages inherent in the use of sheet metal. This invention permits the use of comparatively thin sheet metal in forming the stock, since the floor is of duplex construction, giving to it the desirable or necessary thickness and strength.

What I claim is —

1. A plane comprising, a body formed of sheet metal and having a sole portion and integral upturned reinforcing-flanges forming the sides, a reinforcing and strengthening plate secured between the side flanges having a stiffening-rib adjacent the throat and a handle separately formed but secured to said reinforcing-plate.

2. A plane comprising a body portion having a sole and sides of sheet metal integral therewith and reinforcing and strengthening plates secured in place against the top of the sole and between the sides having stiffening-ribs adjacent the throat and handle members for said plates, a frog mounted above one of said plates and means for adjusting said frog.

3. A plane comdprising a body portion having a sole and sides of metal integral therewith, and a reinforcing and strengthening piece situated above the sole and between the sides, a chair portion integral therewith between the said sides and supported above the sole leaving a space beneath the seat of the chair, and a separate frog mounted on said chair and secured thereto.

4. A plane comprising a body portion formed of sheet metal and having a sole and sides integral therewith, a sheet-metal chair portion supported by the sole and mounted between the sides, a frog supported on said chair, a pair of securing-screws passing through said frog and said chair and a single plate having screw-threaded openings to act as a nut for both of said securing-screws.

5. A plane comprising, a body portion with integral upturned side flanges, a chair portion supported by the sole and mounted between the sides having a recess below the same, afrog mounted on said chair, a plurality of securing-screws passing through said frog, and the top of said chair, and a plate having screw-threaded openings mounted in the recess beneath said chair and coacting with all of the adjusting-screws.

6. A plane comprising a body portion formed of sheet metal and having a sole and integral side flanges, a reinforcing-plate mounted in a groove in the said side flanges and immediately above the sole portion but resting thereon, a chair portion integral with the reinforcing-plate and a frog mounted on the chair portion and secured thereto.

7. A plane comprising a body portion of sheet metal having a sole and upturned flange portions, a reinforcing-plate secured between said side flanges and coacting with the upper surface ofthe sole portion, a supporting-chair formed integrally with the reinforcing-plate and mounted between the side flanges and a frog mounted upon the said chair.

8. A plane comprising the combination of a body portion having upwardly-extending reinforcing side flanges and a throat between said flanges, means for mounting a plane-iron and a reinforcing-plate supported above the bottom of said body portion and having an integral bend or reinforcing portion 7 immediately in front of said throat.

Signed at New York this 25th day of March, A. D. 1902.

CHARLES E. MITCHELL.

Witnesses:
R. C. MITCHELL,
ROBT. S. ALLYN.

No. 787,624 – Carpenter’s Plane (Alexander Kalla) (1905)

[paiddownloads id=”619″]787624

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALEXANDER KALLA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 787,624, dated April 18, 1905.
Application filed December 10, 1904. Serial No. 236,272.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER KALLA, a resident of the city of New York, borough of Manhattan, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved carpenter’s plane, in which the main object is to incorporate two planes in one. In other words, when the two are together a jack-plane is formed, and by taking them apart the smaller one can be used alone.

To these and other ends which will hereinafter appear the invention consists in the novel features of improvement and combination and arrangement of parts, which will be hereinafter described, and finally summarized in the appended claim.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, wherein —

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a top plan view with the cutting-tool and accessories removed. Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view. Fig. 4 is a section of the stock of the small plane, the section being taken on the line a a in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is an end view thereof. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the swivel-lock; and Fig. 7 is a transverse section of the shoe 1, taken on the line B B in Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrow.

Like numerals or letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several views.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the numeral 1 indicates the large shoe of my plane, having detachably mounted thereon a stock 2, the stock 2 being held in place by a dog 3 and a swivel-clip 4.

Upon the end of the stock 2 adjacent to the clip 4 is a swivel-lock 5, (see Fig. 6,) which is mounted upon a stud 6, fastened to the stock 2. A knob 7 is mounted upon the stud 6 in the manner shown and is free to be screwed down upon the swivel to secure the same.

Upon the bottom of stock 2 is a projecting portion 8, adapted to fit the opening 9 in shoe 1. Through said projection a cutting-tool 11 passes, said tool being braced by the member 12, which is provided with a lock 13, all of which are carried by the bracket 14, said bracket being held by the stock 2, this being a well-known construction of cutting means usually employed in carpenters’ planes. The projection 8 serves as an abutment when parts 1 and 2 are interlocked and also prevents the tool 11 from chattering.

Upon the bottom of stock 2 an adjustable gib 15 is fitted, (see Fig. 4,) there being two such gibs, one being held by pins 16 16a and the other by pins 17a 17b, at opposite ends thereof, the pin 17a passing through a slot or recess 18 in the swivel-lock 5 and a suitable opening in the bottom of stock 2, the pin 16 also passing through the bottom of stock 2 and extending somewhat above the bottom portion of said stock. Adjacent to th pins 16 16a are slide-locks 19 20, which are held in place by pins 21 21 and are provided with operating-pins 22.

The swivel-lock 5 is provided with an operating-pin 23, which projects below the same and into a slot 24, which slot limits the movement of said clip or lock.

Fig. 7 shows the corners of the body 1, which lie between the lines C C, Fig. 1, as rounded, the corners D D of stock 2, Fig. 5, fitting the same, whereby agood tight sliding fit is provided.

It will be seen from Fig. 2 that the stock 2 has upon its rear end a rounded projection 24a, which is adapted to catch into the dog 3, as shown.

When the body portions 1 and 2 are interlocked, as in Fig. 1, a jack-plane is formed, being held by the projection 24a catching in the dog 3 and the swivel-clip 4 being brought to a position parallel with a median line drawn through the plane and over the lock 5, the cutting-tool passing through the opening 25 in the projection 8. When the parts 1 and 2 are fitted together for use as a jack-plane, the gib 15 will be in a raised position, as shown in Fig. 4, permitting the projection 8 to pass through the opening 9 of body 1, Fig. 1. When the shoe 1 is removed, the gib 15 can be caused to drop (see dotted lines, Fig. 4,) and held down by sliding the locks 19 20 over the pins 16 16a, (as per dotted lines, Fig. 2,) which will fall with the gib and fit the recesses 26 in stock 2, the forward pins 17a 17b also dropping. The swivel-lock 5 can new be swung over the pins 17a 17b (see dotted lines, Fig. 6) and the knob 7 screwed down, thus locking the lock 5. This accomplished, the stock 2 can be employed separately for use as a short plane. The stock 2 is provided with the usual handle 26a. The knob 7 is provided with a screw 27, which is tapped into the stud 6, so that when the knob is turned it travels downwardly upon the lock 5, the screw 27 being held in the knob in suitable manner.

Having now described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

A combination carpenter’s plane, comprising a shoe, said shoe having in the bottom thereof an opening, a plane-stock having a projection adapted to fit in said opening, said projection being thicker than the bottom of said shoe, and an adjustable gib, carried by said plane-stock, said gib being equal in thickness to the difference between the depth of said projection on said plane-stock and the thickness of the bottom of said shoe, and means adapted to position and lock said plane-stock, and gib thereon, firmly to said shoe and to bring the bottom of said plane-stock substantially in line with the bottom of said shoe.

ALEXANDER KALLA.

Witnesses:
HASKEL CORENTHAL,
DAN HERSHFIELD.

No. 721,017 – Carpenter’s Plane (Albert E. Church) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”582″]721017

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALBERT E. CHURCH, OF WEST HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 721,017, dated February 17, 1903.
Application filed June 26, 1902. Serial No. 113,228. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT E. CHURCH, of West Hartford, Hartford county, Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes, which improvements are described in the following specification and are illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates in general to wood-working-planes made of metal, and in particular to the stock or body of such planes.

It is the object of the invention to facilitate the construction of such stock or body by the manufacturer, and incidentally to render the action of the plane lively and elastic in the hand of the user. To accomplish these results, I form not only the sole of the stock, but also two side walls or flanges rising from the edges of the sole and two intermediate bridges extending across from one of said flanges to the other, all from a single sheet of metal, and upon such transverse bridges I seat the knob and the handle of the plane.

The best manner in which I have contemplated applying the principles of my invention is shown in said drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section of a plane which is constructed in accordance with those principles. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a stock-blank, being a flat sheet of metal, preferably cold-rolled steel, stamped out in suitable shape to be formed into the stock of said plane by bending. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the plane-stock, including the frog-seat, in position.

In the views the sole of the stock and the side walls or flanges of the same are indicated, respectively, by the numerals 1 and 2. The wings 3 and 3 of the blank (shown in Fig. 2) make a terminal abutment with each other when the blank is bent into shape, and thus constitute bridge 3, which is shown in the remaining figures. In like manner the wings 4 of the blank become the bridge 4 of the stock. Bridge 3 serves as a slightly-yielding and resilient support for the knob 5, which is fastened thereto by means of a screw 6 and nut 7, and in like manner bridge 4 constitutes a similar seat for the handle 8, which is secured thereto by the screws 9 and 10 and the screw-plate 11. The frog-seat 12 is firmly secured to the stock in its proper position by pins 13 and dowel 14 and reaches from one flange 2 to the other, as shown in Fig. 3. Neither the frog 15, which is adjustably secured to seat 12 by screws 16, nor the plane-iron 17, the plane-iron cap 18, and the cap 19, all which are exhibited in a familiar form in Fig. 1, require any particular description, as their special form does not affect the essence of my invention.

The described construction of the stock from a single flexible sheet is simple and easy in respect of the process of manufacture, and the described mounting of the knob and the handle of the plane upon raised bridges of the stock renders the manipulation of the tool smooth and easy to the hand of the carpenter.

Such being the construction and operation of my improved carpenters’ planes, I claim as my invention —

l. In a plane-stock, a sole, and two flanges bent up respectively from the side edges of the sole, in combination with a transverse bridge, from one of said flanges to the other, all formed from a single piece of sheet metal, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. A plane-stock, formed of a single sheet of metal, and consisting of a sole, two flanges bent up respectively from the opposite edges of the sole, and two bridges from one of said flanges to the other, in combination with a knob and a handle which are mounted upon said bridges respectively, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. In a plane-stock, a thin sole, and two thin flanges bent up respectively from the side edges of the sole, in combination with a bridge from one of said flanges to the other, all formed from a continuous piece of sheet metal, and provided with a knob or handle which is mounted upon said bridge, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. A plane-stock, formed from a single sheet of metal, stamped out, and consisting of a flat sole, two flanges bent up respectively from opposite edges of such sole, and two bridges between said flanges, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my name in the presence of two witnesses.

ALBERT E. CHURCH.

Witnesses:
WILLARD EDDY,
JAMES MATHER.

No. 696,414 – Plane (George P. Davidson) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”562″]696414

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE P. DAVIDSON, OF PORT CHESTER, NEW YORK.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 696,414, dated April 1, 1902.
Application filed October 26, 1901. Serial No. 80,032. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE P. DAVIDSON, a citizen of the United States, residing in Port Chester, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and has for its object to provide a plane of improved construction wherein the advantages appertaining to a metal plane-stock and to a wooden plane-stock are combined.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plane having a sole of wood and metal.

Another object is to provide a plane wherein the plane-iron is impressed and held in position by contact with wood and metal.

Another object is to provide a plane wherein the plane-iron is held in place by contact with wood positioned by metal.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plane possessing the desirable characteristics of an old-fashioned plane, but ernbodying the advantages of a metal plane.

Many users of planes prefer a plane having a wooden sole, because they regard a plane working with wood to wood as running more smoothly and easier than one having a metal sole; but the tendency of a wooden sole upon coming in contact with a knot, or if a cornposite piece of wood is being planed with a piece of wood which is harder than the wood surrounding it, is to jump. The metal sole, however, has more of a tendency to hang to its work and keep the plane-iron down into the wood irrespective of knots or denser texture. Having in view this fact, I have pro-
vided a plane having a combined wooden and metal sole, so that the bearing-surface may be made of wood for the purpose of securing easy running, but with suflicient iron or other metal on the sole to cause the plane to hang to its work when obstacles are encountered.

In metal planes it has been found impracticable to make the plane-iron as heavy and substantial as the plane-irons heretofore employed in the old-fashioned wooden planes, the plane-irons of the modern iron plane being of such thin material that they heat in the work, frequently drawing the temper.

My invention provides a plane wherein the old-fashioned plane-iron may be employed, held in place by a wooden wedge, wedging the back of the plane-iron against a wooden block, but yet where the bearing-surfaces for those blocks are made of metal, thus obviating all liability of the bearing-surfaces getting away from their proper positions or splitting or distorting the main structure by incessant adjustment of the parts.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view of a form of my invention embodied in a block-plane. Fig. 2 is a cross-section in the line a a of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective of the metal frame of the plane. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the sole of the plane, and Fig. 5 is one of the detached wooden plates.

Similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts in the various figures.

Referring to the drawings, my invention is shown as applied to a plane wherein the stock (designated in a general way by A) comprises a frame, (designated in a general way by B,) which frarne is preferably composed of a single casting having side members 6 6, which side members are connected by integral bars 7 7, so disposed as to leave a mouth 8, the stock at the back of which mouth is provided with a seat or rest 9 for the plane-iron and a positioning bar or rest 10 for the plane-handle block. The side members are also provided with lugs 11 11, adapted for the wedge to bear against. Suitable chambers 12 are provided in the sole ot’ the frame to receive blocks or plates 13, formed of wood, disposed in such chambers and between the side members and suitably-formed ridges 14 of the frame, the side members, mouth, ridges, and wooden plates making a composite sole.

The upper side of the plane is provided with a handle 15, secured to a block 16, which block is effective to rest upon the cross-bars 7 7 and against the bar 10 for positioning the same, into which handle-block screws passing through the sole-plates may enter, the front part of the frame being also provided with a block 17 and handle 18, into which block the screws of the forward plates may enter. After the plane-stock has been assembled the wood and metal of the sole may be made smooth in any convenient manner, as by grinding. A plane-iron 19 of any ordinary or suitable construction may be employed, which may have a suitable cap 20 screwed thereto, the plane-iron being adapted to lie upon the seat or rest 9 formed on the frame and against a portion 16′ of the wooden handle-block and to be held in place by means of a wooden wedge 21, lying upon the cap and passing behind the lugs 11 11 on the frame, the plane-iron thus being positioned by immovable metal parts, but being held by contact with wood.

By my invention a plane may be produced of greater strength and lightness than planes now in use, which is due to the organization of the component parts, and the cooperation of the parts is such that lighter metals may be employed in the construction of a plane than has heretofore been found practicable.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A plane having, in combination with a plane-iron, a metal support therefor in direct contact with the iron adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

2. In a plane, the combination of a plane-stock having a sole comprised of wooden and of metal portions, the metal portion forming a rest for the lower end of the plane-iron; a wooden portion secured to the plane-stock and forming part thereof, and effective to form a support for the central portions of the plane-iron; lugs on the metal portion; and a wooden wedge interposed between such lugs and plane-iron to hold such iron in place.

3. A plane having, in combination with a plane-iron, a wooden support in direct contact with the plane-iron above the cutting edge thereof; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

4. In a plane, the combination with a plane-iron and a metal frame, of a metal support for said iron in direct contact therewith adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

5. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame; a wooden sole; and a plane-iron, of a metal support for said iron extending from the frame and in direct contact with the iron adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

6. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame; a composite sole; and a plane-iron, of a metal support for said iron extending from the frame and in direct contact with the iron adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of the iron as the said metal support; a metal reaction member on the opposite side of the plane-iron; and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said reaction member.

7. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame, and a wooden sole, of a wooden handle-supporting block to which said wooden sole is secured and between which the frame is clamped.

8. In a plane, the combination with a chambered metal frame, of a wooden sole comprising strips inlaid in the chambers of the frame; and a wooden handle-supporting block to which said wooden sole is secured and between which the frame is clamped.

9. In a plane, the combination with a chambered metal frame, of a plane-iron, a wooden sole comprising strips inlaid in the chambers of the frame in front of and at the rear of the said plane-iron, and wooden handle-supporting blocks also located in front of and at the rear of said plane-iron, and to which the wooden sole is secured and between which and said sole the frame is clamped.

10. In a plane, the combination with a wooden sole, of a metal frame in which said wooden sole is inlaid and which is provided with a rubbing-surface encircling the wooden sole at the sides and at the ends of the plane, and wooden handle-supporting blocks to which said wooden sole is secured, and between which and said sole the frame is clamped.

11. In a plane, the combination with a metal frame and a plane-iron, of a wooden sole inlaid in said frame; a metal support for the plane-iron in direct contact therewith adjacent to its cutting edge; a wooden support also in direct contact with the plane-iron above and on the same side of said iron as the said metal support; lugs extending from opposite sides of the metal frame and constituting a reaction member located on the side of the plane-iron opposite to which said metal support and wooden support are situated, and a wooden clamping-wedge insertible between and contacting with the opposed surfaces of the said iron and the said lugs.

GEORGE P. DAVIDSON.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM G. SLATER,
DE WITT H. LYON.

No. 688,969 – Plane (Solon R. Rust And Arthur E. Rust) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”559″]688969

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SOLON R. RUST AND ARTHUR E. RUST,
OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 688,969, dated December 17, 1901.
Application filed June 25, 1900. Serial No. 21,440. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SOLON R. RUST and ARTHUR E. RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful lmprovement in Planes; and we do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a view in side elevation of a plane constructed in accordance with our invention; Fig. 1a, a view thereof in transverse section on the line a b of the preceding figure; Fig. 2, a view of the plane in vertical central longitudinal section; Fig. 3, a plan view of the body of the plane stripped of all other parts; Fig. 4, a reverse plan view thereof; Fig. 5, a plan view of the removable sectional wooden face, the sections of which are separated from each other; Fig. 6, a view in transverse section on the line c d of Fig. 5; Fig. 7, a plan view of the removable sectional metal face of the plane with the sections drawn apart; Fig. 8, a view in transverse section on the line e f of the preceding figure.

Our invention relates to an improvement in that class of bench-planes designed for smoothing as distinguished from beading or rabbeting, and more particularly to smoothing-planes having metal bodies, the object being to produce at a low cost for manufacture a simple and strong plane constructed with particular reference to its adaptation to have a metal or a wooden face applied to it interchangeably, so as to readily adapt it to be used in situations requiring wooden faces as well as in situations requiring metal faces.

With these ends in view our invention consists in a plane having certain details of construction and combinations of parts, as will be hereinafter described,and particularly recited in the claims.

In carrying out our invention as herein shown the metal body A of the plane has cast integral with it an inclined cutter-supporting bed B, the opposite edges of which are supported or trussed by longitudinal flanges A’, rising from the opposite edges of I the upper face of the body. As shown, these flanges extend throughout the length of the body for increasing the strength thereof; but this is not essential. These flanges A’, as shown, are raised at points opposite the bed B, but elsewhere are straight and uniform in height. The said bed is provided for supporting the cutter, (not shown,) which may be of the usual construction and which is secured in place and adjusted in any desired manner. For the purpose of casting the said integral cutter-supporting bed without the use of cores a large casting-opening A2, which is located directly below the bed, is formed. This opening performs no function in the completed plane, but, as aforesaid, permits the body A to be cast without the use of a core, whereby the expense of producing the plane is greatly reduced. The body. A is also formed with a throat-opening A2, located directly in front of the casting-opening aforesaid and permitting the shavings removed by the cutter to escape upward through the plane.

To adapt the plane to be used in situations requiring wooden as well as metal faces, we design to provide each plane-body with interchangeable faces made of wood and of metal, respectively, these faces being constructed to correspond in size to the lower face of the body, so as to completely cover the casting-opening A2, formed therein.
These removable faces of wood and metal may be formed in one piece or in sections, as desired. As an illustration of their construction we have shown a sectional wooden face composed of a long rear section C and a short forward section C’. The said wooden section C is secured in place by screws D passing downward into it through the body of the plane, which for that purpose is formed with screw-holes D’, while the forward section is adjustably secured in place by means of a handle E, having a threaded stud F passing downward through an elongated slot G, formed in the forward portion of the body. The stud F is entered into the said forward section C’, which by turning the handle E is clamped against the forward end of the lower face of the body, so as to be held firmly in place; but as the adjacent ends of the two sections wear so as to unduly increase the opening H, Fig. 2, between them below the throat-opening A3 the forward section is moved rearwardly, so as to take up this wear by loosening the handle E.

As shown in Fig. 1a of the drawings, the lower face of the body is provided with two parallel centering-flanges I I, the inner faces of which are beveled and which insure the centering of the removable face when it is applied to the body; but these flanges are not necessarily employed, although we prefer to use them. To coact with the beveled inner faces of the flanges I I, the upper corners of the sections C and C’ are beveled, as shown at c in Figs. 1a and 6. When the removable face is made in sections, we preferably form the forward sections with two rearwardly-extending fingers J J, Fig. 5, which extend across the ends of the throat-opening A3, so as to prevent the shavings from clogging.

The removable metal face of the plane shown in Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings comprises a long rear section K and a short forward section K These sections are reinforced and strengthened by the formation upon their upper faces of longitudinal side ribs L L and a longitudinal central rib L’. The rib L’ is enlarged near its ends to form posts L2 L2, which are internally threaded for the reception of the screws which hold it in place by passing down through the body of the plane, while the rib L’ of the forward section K is formed with a corresponding post L3 for the reception of the threaded stud F of the handle E. As shown in Fig. 8, the upper outer corners of the side ribs L of the sections K K’ are beveled, as at k, for coaction with the beveled inner faces of the centering-flanges I of the body of the plane.

Having fully described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the said bed, of a removable face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the said body to which it corresponds, and extending entirely over the said casting-opening.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed, both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the said bed, of a removable sectional face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the said body to which it corresponds in size, and extending entirely over the said casting-opening.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the said bed, and with a throat-opening located in front of the said casting-opening, of a removable sectional face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the body so as to entirely cover the said casting-opening, and comprising a forward section which is longitudinally adjustable for taking up wear at the said throat-opening.

4. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the bed, of removable interchangeable metal and wooden faces adapted to be applied to the lower face of the body to which they correspond in size and the said casting-opening in which they entirely close.

5. In a bench-plane, the combination with a metal body having an integral cutter-supporting bed both edges of which are supported or trussed by the body which is formed with a casting-opening located directly beneath the bed and with a throat-opening located in front of the said casting-opening, of a removable sectional face adapted to be applied to the lower face of the body to which it corresponds in size, and the said casting-opening in which it entirely closes, the forward section of the said face being made longitudinally adjustable for taking up wear at the said throat-opening, and formed at its rear end with rearwardly~extending lugs which extend across the said throat-opening.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SOLON R. RUST.
ARTHUR E. RUST.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM McALPINE,
E. L. MORLEY.

No. 510,096 – Bench-Plane (Jacob Siegley) (1893)

[paiddownloads id=”497″]510096

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JACOB SIEGLEY, OF WILKES-BARRÉ, PENNSYLVANIA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 510,096, dated December 5, 1893.
Application filed May 21, 1892. Serial No. 433,924. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB SIEGLEY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Wilkes-Barré, in the county of Luzerne and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in bench-planes, and the same consists of a cast-iron bottom and steel side-plates riveted to lugs of said bottom, and of a cap that is provided with a shoulder having set-screws, said shoulder resting on a transverse rod extending between the sides of the supporting frame and screws in said shoulder permitting the adjustment of the cap into higher or lower position, all of which will be fully described hereinafter and finally pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my improved bench-plane. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 is a detail vertical transverse section on line 3 3, Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the front part of my improved bench-plane, and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the throat-piece as detached from the plane.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the frame of my improved bench-plane, which is composed of a cast-iron bottom plate a, provided with lugs a’ that are cast integral therewith, and of upright steel side plates a2 which are attached by rivets that are inserted into the lugs or bosses a’, as shown clearly in Fig. 3. By making the sides of steel plates a much lighter and more durable frame for bench-planes is obtained. To the rear part of the bottom plate a is attached the main handle H, while the knob h at the front end of the plane is provided with a spindle h’ having a threaded lower end that takes into an interiorly-threaded boss B’ of a detachable throat-piece B which is supported against the underside by the front part a3 of the bottom of the frame A, said bottom being a short distance from the lower edge of the frame, so as to provide for the throat piece B and bring the under side of the same accurately at a level with the under side of the main part of the bottom plate a, as shown in Fig. 2. The throat piece can be adjusted toward the blade C and cap D of the latter, as the boss of the same permits the shifting action to a certain extent in the opening of the front part a3 of the bottom plate, the knob h with its spindle h’ serving to tightly retain the throat piece on the front part of of the bottom plate. The rear end of the throat piece is provided with an upwardly inclined flange b, along which the shavings pass, as they are out off by the edge of the blade, the said flange guiding the shavings and preventing them from curling in passing up through the throat of the plane. The cap D is made tapering at its lower end, so as to bear on the blade C, while the upper end is provided with a screw D’ by which the blade C is rigidly held in position in the stock of the plane. The under side of the blade is provided with transverse grooves m, that are engaged by the tooth e of a fulcrumed arm E, the forked lower end E’ of which is engaged by a collared sleeve F that is adjustable on a fixed screw G on the fixed block J of the frame A so as to adjust thereby the blade in the stock. The cap D is provided with shoulder d which rests against the transverse rod d’ that connects the upper part of the steel side plates a2, as shown in Fig. 2, said shoulder being provided with set-screws d2 the lower ends of which bear against the transverse rod d’ said set-screws serving for raising or lowering the cap, so as to adjust it accurately in its relative position to the blade. The under side of the main part of the bottom plate a and the under side of the throat piece B are provided with longitudinal corrugations f by which the friction of the bottom of the plane with the surface to be planed is considerably reduced and an easier working than with the solid smooth bottom produced.

The bench-plane described is light and durable and the shavings are not curled in passing through the throat of the plane. The bottom corrugations facilitate the working of the plane, while the cap can be adjusted into higher or lower position, so that it is readily adjusted into its proper relative position to the plane, even as the cutting edge of the same is ground off by use.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

l. A bench-plane, the frame or stock of which is formed of a cast-iron bottom having bosses or lugs, upright steel side plates and rivets for attaching said side plates to the bosses of the bottom, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the stock of a bench-plane having a fixed transverse rod, of a blade, a cap supported on said blade, said cap being provided with a shoulder above the transverse rod and set screws passing through said shoulder so as to permit the adjustment of the cap relatively to the blade, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JACOB SIEGLEY.

Witnesses:
JOHN A. SAYER,
J. G. KAUFER.

No. 468,362 – Carpenter’s Plane (Frank Phelps) (1892)

[paiddownloads id=”483″]468362

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK PHELPS, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 468,362, dated February 9, 1892.
Application filed April 16, 1891. Serial No. 389,185. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK PHELPS, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Auburn, county of Cayuga, State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings on one sheet, making part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in that class of carpenters’ cutting and surface, smoothing tools generally denominated as “planes,” the stock of which is composed of wood or similar material; and the objects are to secure in such planes the advantages of trueness and freedom from wear which obtain in planes the stock of which is made of metal and at the same time retain the advantages of lightness which pertains to planes having the stock made of wood or similar material. I attain these objects by facing the ends and the sole of the stock of said plane with suitable plates of metal in the manner illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a carpenteifs plane having a wood stock with my improvements aflixed thereto, the ends being shown in broken section, so that a clearer view may be afforded of the application of the same. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the upper side of the metal sole-plate. Fig. 3 is a section of the stock of the plane and metal sole-plate through the line x x of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow z. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the metal end plates, taken with its inner side next the point of view. Fig. 5 is an end section of a beading-plane, showing the under surface of the metal sole-plate formed for beading, but attached to the stock, as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the bottom side of the metal sole-plate.

Throughout the several figures similar letters refer to similar parts.

In Fig. 1 A is the wood stock of the plane. B is the metal sole-plate, and C C are the metal end plates, which are affixed thereto.

Referring to Fig. 2, the metal sole-plate B has formed therein in proper working position the transverse slot D, which corresponds to and fits when in place over the mouth E of the wood stock A.

Longitudinally and approximately in a central position on the upper surface of the metal sole-plate B is provided the flange F, which is formed at either side of the transverse slot D at proper working angles to correspond with those of the mouth E of the wood stock A. The forward and rearward ends of the flange F of the metal sole-plate B have V-shaped notches or seats G G, as seen in Fig.2, the object of which V-shaped notches will presently be explained.

Formed on the upper surface of the metal sole-plate B and constituting a part thereof are arranged at appropriate intervals between the flange F and either edge of said metal sole-plate B one or more series of vertical projections H H H, &c., which are uniformly provided near their upper ends with the barbs or notches I I I, &c., the object of which will be presently seen.

On the under surface of the metal sole-plate B are provided countersinks J J J, &c., 7 5 (see Fig. 6,) which may be regularly or irregularly arranged thereon, as desired, the said countersinks J J J, &c., being connected with each other in any desired pattern by the channels K K K, &c., the object of the said countersinks and their connecting-channels being to afford sufficient air so as to prevent any adhesion between the under surface of the metal sole~plate B and the plane surface with which it may be brought in contact.

Metal end plates C C are provided for the ends of the wood stook A of the plane, which are constructed substantially as follows: On their inner sides and forming a part thereof are formed the V-shaped projections L L in such position as will assure their engagement when adjusted to position with the V-shaped notches G G, which are formed in either end of the fiange F of the metal sole-plate B. Near either end of the inner sides of the metal end plates C C and constituting a part thereof are provided the projections M M, which are formed at right angles thereto and which are furnished with barbs or notches N N, the object of which will be presently explained. The upper ends of the metal end plates C C are turned into the segment of a circle, as shown, thus presenting a symmetrical outline and doing away with sharp and obtrusive corners.

The wood stock A of the plane has formed in a central longitudinal position of the sole thereof the groove a, the purpose of which will be presently explained.

Having thus described in detail the essential features of my invention, I will now describe their adjustment on the stock of the plane and their arrangement with relation to each other when such has been effected. The upper surface of the metal sole-plate B and the lower surface of the stock A of the plane are brought into immediate contact with each other by a compression brought to bear upon either or both powerful enough to force the several series of vertical projections H H H, &c., formed on the upper surface of the metal sole-plate B, which have been described, into the wood stock A of the plane, the fiber of which on retracting, after the said operation, engaging with and filling in beneath the barbs or notches I I I, &c., serves to assure the permanent fastening and securing together of the wood stock A and the metal sole-plate B. During this operation the flange F of the metal sole-plate B is entered in the groove a, Fig. 3, of the wood stock A, and thus serves to assure against any lateral displacement of the several parts described during and subsequent to the operation. The metal end plates C C are next brought into position on either end of the wood stock A of the plane by being forced by compression or by being driven thereon, as deemed most expedient. During this operation the V-shaped projections L L, which are formed on and project from their inner sides, engage with the V-shaped notches G G, which are formed in either end of the flange F of the metal sole-plate B and serve at the same time to bring the ends of the metal sole-plate B and the wood stock A of the plane into the closer contact and there lock them, as well as the lower ends of the said metal end pieces C C, into a joint with the ends of the metal sole-plate B, which project sufficiently beyond the ends of the wood stock A of the plane for that purpose. During this operation, also, the projections M M, which are provided on and project at right angles from the inner sides near either end of the said metal end plates C C, are forced into the wood of the wood stock A of the plane, the fiber of which, retracting, engages with and fills in behind the barbs or notches N N, formed thereon, thus substantially and permanently securing the metal end plates C C to the wood stock A of the plane and assisting, also, in the further permanent stability and securing of the ends of the metal sole-plate B, already described.

I am aware that metal plates for protecting and assuring the correctness of tools and instruments of precision, which are largely composed of wood and the said plates secured thereto in various ways, are and have for some time been in use; but I am not aware that such metal plates formed and arranged as has been described have been used in connection with carpenters’ planes or otherwise for the purpose and objects or in the manner set forth herein; therefore

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is —

I claim —

1. In a carpenter’s plane, the combination of a stock having a centrally-disposed longitudinal groove formed in its under surface with a metal sole-plate provided on its upper surface with a series of barbed vertical projections arranged near either side thereof, and a centrally-disposed longitudinal upwardly-projecting iiange, substantiallyin the manner and for the purpose herein described and specified.

2. In a carpenter’s plane, a stock having a centrally-disposed longitudinal groove formed in its under surface and a metal sole-plate provided on its upper surface with a series of barbed vertical projections arranged near either side thereof, a centrally-disposed longitudinal upwardly-projecting flange provided at either end with V-shaped notches, and a transverse slot D, in combination with the metal end plates provided on their inner sides with centrally-disposed V-shaped projections and near either end with barbed projections at right angles thereto, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein specified and described.

3. In a carpenter’s plane, a stock having a centrally-disposed longitudinal groove formed in its under surface, a metal sole-plate provided on its upper surface with a series of barbed vertical projections arranged near either side thereof, a centrally-disposed longitudinal upwardly-projecting flange provided at either end with V-shaped notches, a transverse slot D, and the lower surface of said sole-plate provided with countersinks connected with each other by channels, and metal end plates provided on their inner sides with centrally-disposed V-shaped projections and near either end with barbed projections at right angles thereto, the whole combined and arranged in the manner and for the purpose herein described and specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 2d day of April, A. D. 1891.

FRANK PHELPS.

Witnesses:
JOHN J. TROWBRIDGE,
W. N. JENNINGS.

No. 453,524 – Bench-Plane (Saverio Tuoti) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”474″]453524

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAVERIO TUOTI, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 453,524, dated June 2, 1891.
Application filed August 7, 1888. Serial No. 282,165. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAVERIO TUOTI, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Bench-Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to bench-planes for wood-workers’ use, and has for its object to provide a simple, easy-working, efficient, and durable plane of this character.

The invention consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts of the plane, all as hereinafter described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accoinpanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of my improved bench-plane, taken on the line x x in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the plane partly broken away and in section. Fig. 3 is a bottom face view of the plane partly broken away. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section of the plane, taken on the line y y in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a cross-section taken on the line z z in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a top perspective view of the plane iron or cutter, and Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view of the nut and part of the screw by which the cutter is adjusted endwise.

The plane-stock A is made with the usual top recess a, which opens to a throat or passage a’, up through which escape the shavings made by the cutter B, which rests on or at the inclined bottom face or wall of the recess.

In the plane-stock and at the lower inclined wall of the recess a there is formed a groove or recess to accommodate a screw C, which is fitted at its forward end in a metal step-bearing c, set into the stock, and at its rear part is reduced in diameter at two places c’ c2, which form journals which are fitted, respectively, to a split box or bearing D and a block E. The two halves or parts of the bearing D are screwed or otherwise fixed to the plane-stock, and the block E is also a nut, into which is fitted a transversely-ranging screw F, which is journaled to or in the plane-stock and cannot move endwise, and has a head or finger-piece f which is accommodated in a recess made in the side of the plane-stock and does not project beyond the stock, and thus does not interfere with the free working of the plane.

The nut E is provided with an upper lug e, which fits laterally within the slot b’ of the plane iron or bit B, and the nut is laterally slotted at e’, where the main adjusting-screw C passes through it, and whereby as the screw F is turned the nut E may be caused to move laterally either way in the plane-stock, and the nut-lug e will shift the back end of the plane-iron laterally to adjust the cutting-edge of the iron properly with relation to the working-face of the plane either before or after the iron has been adjusted endwise by the main screw C, working in a nut G, fitted on it, and as presently explained. It will be noticed that the bearing and nut D E, by fitting the reduced parts of the screw C, prevent endwise motion of the screw.

The nut G is preferably formed with pendent end lugs g’ g’, into which the screw C is fitted, and at its upper face the nut is provided with a series of transverse notches g, into which one or more transverse bars b, which cross the plane-iron slot b’, are adapted to enter when the plane-iron is adjusted in the stock.

The wedge H is provided at its lower face with a plate I, which is fixed to the wedge at one end and at its other or free end is adapted to bear on a cross-bar b of the plane-iron or on the adjusting-nut or on both the cross-bar and nut, and onto which the plate I, which is preferably elastic, may be forced by a screw J, fitted into the wedge and preferably into a metal nut j, set into it. The forward end or part of the wedge enters beneath a cross bar or rod K, fixed in the stock across its recess a, and the bar forms a fulcrum on which the wedge will rock when the screw J is tightened to cause its extrerne front end h’ to clamp the plane-iron down hard to the plane-stock very near the cutting-edge of the iron, and thus firmly hold it to prevent chattering of it when the plane is in use and assuring smooth clean work. The effect in this respect would be the same were the plate I dispensed with, in which case the screw J would bear directly on the plane-iron or on its adjusting-nut; but the plate I is preferably used, as it guards the plane-iron or its nut from injury by the end of the screw and assures a better clamping action of the wedge than would be afforded without it.

The screw C is provided at its rear end with a bevel-pinion c3, which meshes with a like pinion l3 on a short shaft l2, journaled in a bearing l’ on the plane-stock and provided with a head or finger-piece l, by turning which the screw C will be turned to shift the nut G for adjusting the plane-iron endwise for a finer or coarser cut, and which may be done without loosening the wedge-clamping screw. When the plane iron or cutter wears so it cannot be set farther ahead by operating the screw, the cross-bar b of the iron may be set into another front notch g after the nut is run back on the screw, this adjustment allowing all the tempered forward part of the iron to be used.

The plane-stock has the usual back and front handles A’ A2, andis also provided with a working-face of peculiar construction, the front part of which face is made adjustable backward or forward to narrow or broaden the shaving-throat a’ of the plane-stock, and as will next be described.

The larger section or portion M of the plane-face and its smaller adjustable section or portion N are made on the same general principle, or with a metal frame having strips of hard wood inserted in longitudinal grooves thereof. The face-section M is made with a cast-metal frame O, which has a broad cross-bar o behind the shaving-throat a’ of the plane-stock and beveled at the upper face to give substantial support to the plane-iron and to prevent undue wear of that part of the plane-face just behind the cutting-edge of the iron or at the back of the shaving-throat of the plane-stock, which usually wears quickly when made wholly or partly of wood. From each side of the cross-bar o there projects a forward ex-
tension o’ of the metal frame O, which form forward side parts m m of the main face-section M. These parts o’ o’ give support to the front sliding section N of the plane-face, as presently described, and at their front ends and above the section N they are connected and braced by a fIange-piece or bar m’, which is screwed to the front end of the plane-stock and really forms the front cross-bar or part of a flange o2, which projects upward all around the frame O and above its solid top plate o3 far enough to receive screws o4, which pass through the flange to hold the frame O and its front extensions o’ o’, or, in other words, the entire main plane-face section M m m, securely to the plane-stock.

Behind the metal cross-bar o and within the margin of the frame O said frame is provided with a series of longitudinally-ranging thin metal ribs or plates o5, which are cast on the back plate o3 of the frame and are set apart to provide spaces or form grooves between them, and into which are tightly fitted a series of hard-wood strips P, and the forward extensions o’ o’ of the frame O are also made hollow to accommodate like strips P, as most clearly shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5 of the drawings.

The plane-face section N consists of a metal frame R, the inner face-plate r of which is provided with side tongues r’ r’, which enter grooves made in the opposite front side extensions m m of the main plane-face section M. On the plate r and between end lips or flanges r2 r2 of the frame R there is cast a series of lips or plates r3, set apart to provide between them a series of grooves or spaces, into which are tightly fitted a series of hard-wood strips S, like those P of the other face-section M.

In the forward end of the plane-stock and above its face-section N is provided a transverse slot or groove t, which accommodates a nut-block T, fitted to threads of a screw U, which is journaled in the plane-stock and traverses the recess t, and is provided at one end with a finger-piece or head u, which works in a recess at the side of the stock, so as to be out of the way in working the plane. The ends of the lower part of the nut T are inclined the same way horizontally, and are preferably rounded a little, so as to enter a diagonally-ranging slot V, which is formed at the inner face of the adjustable plane-face section N and preferably in the back of the metal frame R of said section. It is obvious that as the screw U is turned in one direction the nut T will slide in the plane-stock recess t, which guides it laterally, and also in the diagonal recess V’ of the movable plane-face section N, and will slide said section forward to open the throat a’ farther or make it broader, and that by turning the screw U in the other direction the face-section N will be moved backward nearer to the cutting-edge of the plane-iron to narrow the shaving-throat a’ of the plane, as the nature of the work to be done may require.

It will be seen that the plane-iron B sets at quite a sharp angle with the working-face of the plane. Consequently it will cut very easily, and this feature, combined with the simple and efiicient means provided for adjusting the plane-iron endwise and laterally, as hereinbefore explained, and the adjustability of the face-section N to regulate the size of the shaving-throat a’, insures true and smooth working of the plane on any quality or grade of lumber, whether it be soft or hard.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with the plane-stock and its bit, of the longitudinal!y-extending screw having a bevel-gear on its outer end, a nut connecting the screw and the bit, and the transverse shaft l2, mounted on the stock under the upper end of the bit and having a bevel-gear at its inner end meshing with the screw-gear and provided at its outer end with an operating-handle, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a cutter and a longitudinal screw in the stock, a nut on the screw engaging the cutter for adjusting it endwise, a transversely-ranging screw, a nut thereon engaging the cutter for adjusting it laterally, and said nut slotted transversely for passage of the longitudinal screw, all arranged for operation substantially as herein set forth.

3. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a composite metal and wood main face-section in rear of the throat and having front side extensions m m extending to the front end of the stock, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide longitudinally in said side extensions to regulate the size of the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

4. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a composite metal and wood main rear face-section having longitudinally-extending front side extensions m m, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide in said extensions, said main face-section provided with an upwardly-projecting flange receiving the body of the plane-stock and provided with screw or other fastenings holding the face to the stock, substantially as herein set forth.

5. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face consisting of a main section M, having opposite front side extensions m m and comprising a metal frame having inserted wooden strips, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide in the extensions m to regulate the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

6. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face consisting of a main section having opposite front side extensions and an adjustable front face-section fitted to said extensions and comprising a metal frame having inserted wooden strips, substantially as herein set forth.

7. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face made with a main section M, having front extensions m m and consisting of a metal frame O, having a cross-bar o behind the plane-throat and front extensions o’ o’, division plates or ribs O5, and wood strips P, set between the plates or ribs O5 and in the extensions o’, an adjustable front section N, fitted to slide in the extensions m m and consisting of a metal frame R, having division-plates r3, and wood strips S, set next said plates, and said frame O having an upwardly-projecting flange o2, receiving screw or other fastenings to hold the face to the plane-stock, substantially as herein set forth.

8. The combination, with the plane-stock or guides thereon, of a front endwise-adjustable face-section provided with a diagonal slot or recess, a transverse screw in the stock, and a nut fitted to said screw and to the diagonal slot of the adjustable face-section, substantially as shown and described, whereby as the screw is turned said face-section will be shifted to narrow or widen the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

9. The combination, with the plane-stock provided with a transverse groove t and a front endwise-adjustable face-section, as N, provided with a diagonal groove or recess V, of a screw U, journaled at said groove t, and a nut T, fitted on said screw and having upper and lower parts fitting the grooves t V, respectively, substantially as herein set forth.

SAVERIO TUOTI.

Witnesses:
HENRY L. GOODWIN,
C. SEDGWICK.

No. 371,482 – Bench-Plane (Eamor A. Teed And Frank B. Low) (1887)

[paiddownloads id=”425″]371482

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EAMOR A. TEED, OF LOWELL, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JOEL A. BARTLETT,
OF CHELMSFORD, AND FRANK B. LOW, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 371,482, dated October 11, 1887.
Application filed March 12, 1887. Serial No. 230,651. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EAMOR A. TEED, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to bench-planes; and it consists in the means, hereinafter described, whereby the stock of the plane may in effect be lengthened to enable one plane to serve the purpose of one or more planes of greater length than the plane to which the improvement is applied.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an isometric perspective view of a plane with my improvement applied thereto; Fig. 2, an isometric perspective view of my improvement detached; Fig. 3, a vertical cross section on the line x x in Fig. 5; Fig. 4, a central longitudinal section of the rear part of the plane proper and the rear part of my improvement; Fig. 5, a central vertical section of my improvement and a side elevation of the plane.

The improvement, hereinafter described, may be applied to any so-called “iron bench-plane” — that is, a bench-plane having an iron stock — and is here shown as used in connection with a “Bailey smooth-plane,” the construction of which is well known and needs no particular description.

lt is sufficient to say that A represents the stock, a the plane-iron, and H H’ the plane-handles.

The only change that requires to be made in the plane proper to enable my improvement to be applied to it is to form two grooves, a’, one on each side of the stock leading from near the point of the same to said point, and providing the handle H’ with a depression, h, for purposes hereinafter stated.

My improvement consists of a shoe, S, which in general appearance is like the bottom and sides of the stock, but longer, and provided with an opening, s, through the bottom of the same, of a shape and size adapted to receive and fit the sole of the stock A. The shoe S is provided with pins s’, (shown in Figs. 2, 3,and 5,) adapted to enter the grooves a’ and to fit the same, and is also provided with a vertical post, s2, arranged in the rear of the slot s, which vertical post supports an inclined screw, s3, the head s4 of which is preferably milled to enable it to be turned readily by the fingers, the point of said screw entering the depression h, above mentioned as being formed in the handle H’, to prevent the rear end of the plane from rising out of the slot s. The relative positions of the grooves a’, pins s’, screw s3, and depression h, are such as to hold the sole of the stock A and the bottom of the shoe S in the same plane, the rear ends of the grooves a’ being at the same height above the sole of the stock as the pins s’ are above the bottom of the shoe, and the deepest part of the depression h fitting the point of the screw s3 and being at the same height above the sole of the stock as the point of said screw, when turned into said depression, is above the bottom of the shoe. The depression h, instead of being made directly in the wood of the handle, is preferably made in the head of a metallic screw, h’, driven into the handle against the screw h2, which secures the handle H’ to the detachable face-plate.

The plane is inserted in the shoe-point first and pushed forward until the pins s’ reach the rear ends of the grooves a’, and the rear of the plane is then depressed until the lower surfaces of the stock A and the shoe S are in the same plane. loosening the screw s3 the rear end of the plane may be lifted out of the slot s, and the stock being then drawn backward is disengaged from the shoe.

By means of the improvement above described a common smooth-plane can be used with the shoe as a fore-plane or jointer, and the expense of such a shoe is trifling compared with the cost of a plane, and the time required to apply or remove the shoe is of no importance.

I claim as my invention —

1. A shoe provided with a slot adapted to receive a plane-stock and means, substantially as described, of holding the bottom of said shoe in the same plane with the bottom of said stock, as and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of the plane having a handle, and having a stock provided with grooves near its point, and a shoe slotted to receive said stock, and having inwardly-projecting pins adapted to enter and fits said grooves, and having a post, a screw turning in said-post and thrusting into a depression with which said handle is provided to hold the lower surfaces of said stock and shoe in the same plane, as and for the purpose specified.

EAMOR A. TEED.

Witnesses:
ALBERT M. MOORE,
EDWARD W. THOMPSON.

Corrections in Letters Patent No. 371,482.

It is hereby certified that the name of one of the assignees in Letters Patent No. 371,482, granted October 11, 1887, upon the application of Eamor A. Teed, of Lowell, Massachusetts, for an improvement in “Bench-Planes,” was erroneously written and printed “Frank B. Low,” whereas said name should have been written and printed Frank B. Dow. Also that errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: In line 75, page 1, the word “face-plate” should read shoe and in line 76, same page, the hyphen between the words “shoe” and “point” should be stricken out; and that the Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed, countersigned, and sealed this 8th day of November, A. D. 1887.

[SEAL.]

D. L. HAWKINS,
Acting Secretary of the Interior.

Countersigned:
R. B. VANCE,
Acting Commissioner of Patents.

No. 192,402 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Clinton L. Adancourt) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”280″]192402

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CLINTON L. ADANCOURT, OF LANSINGBURG, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 192,402, dated June 26, 1877; application filed December 15, 1876.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLINTON L. ADANCOURT, of the town of Lansingburg, Rensselaer county and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

The nature of my invention consists in forming a wood-plane in adjustable sections, which may be attached to its ends, so as to increase the length of its bearing-surface when required, to vary the uses to be performed by it, and thus make one plane answer a double use by lengthening the same.

It also consists in the manner of attaching and operating the cutting bit or knife to the plane, so that the same may be used to cnt a shaving of greater or less thickness.

My invention consists of these separate features as arranged and constructed, as well as the same combined.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows a vertical sectional view of a central section of a plane without the extension sections. Fig. 2 illustrates the same section in a top view looking down upon the plane, with the handle removed. Fig. 3 represents a vertical sectional view with the extension-sections added; and Fig. 4, a top view of the plane with extension-sections added.

Like letters designate like parts in all the figures.

The detachable handles of the plane are designated H’ H”, the cutting bit or knife B, and a hinged bank C, upon which the latter rests, and to which it is attached. The trunnions upon which the bank C is hinged to the side walls of the plane are shown at T; the cutting-edge of the bit at O; the shaving-discharge opening of the plane at S.

The cutting bit or knife is illustrated as attached to the hinged bank by means of a slotted opening in the knife, and a set-screw, as seen at I. Upon the under side of the hinged bank, and against it, so as to more it and the attached bit or knife upon the hinged apex of the former, there is shown an eccentric, e, with a handle, E. This latter is attached to the base of the plane by a screw, K. The extension-sections E’ E” are attached to the central section F by means of lapping and tenoned joints, and are secured and held in place by the set-screws S” S”, passing through the lapping and tenoned points of union, and attaching the handles of the plane.

The manner of operating the device thus formed is as follows: The cutting knife or bit B, as attached to the bank C hinged at T, is shown as in contact, upon its inner edge, with the eccentric e and its handle E, and when this handle is moved in the direction of the arrows, shown upon the eccentric at a”, the motion communicated to the bank in contact is such as to raise or depress the lower end of the bank and knife by moving the same in the direction of the arrows seen at a’ and a”. The shaving-cut will be in proportion to the dip of the bit, and this is arranged by the adjustable eccentric and handle, as it is moved around the fixed pin, the eccentric raising or depressing the cutting end of the knife.

The knife or bit, which is sharpened at both ends, may, if desired, have one end rounded, like the edge of a jack-plane knife, for coarse work, and the other with a straight cutting-edge, like a smoothing-plane, so that the knife may be reversed and used tor either kind of work, and, by the addition of the extension-section, what would serve for a jack-plane body may be changed into that of a jointer, and thus one tool maybe made to answer the purpose of several.

The body of the planes and the extension-sections may be made of either wood, iron, or other suitable material.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In combination, the center knife or bit section F of a plane, and the extension-section E’ E”, to increase the length and base bearing-lines of the plane, as shown and described.

2. In a bench-plane, the hinged bank C, reversible cutting bit or knife B, actuating-eccentric e, and handle E, arranged to operate as described and shown.

3. In a bench-plane, the extension-sections E’ and E”, the center or bit section F, the hinged bank C, cutting bit or knife B, the adjusting-eccentric e, and handle E, arranged to operate as herein described and shown.

Signed at Troy, New York, this 12th day of December, 1876.

C. L. ADANCOURT.

Witnesses:
CHAS. M. DAVIS,
THOS. F. MURNANK.

No. 151,188 – Improvement In Crozes (John W. Young) (1874)

[paiddownloads id=”229″]151188

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN W. YOUNG, OF WHEELING, WEST VIRGINIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF HIS RIGHT TO ANDREW H. BAGGS, OF KIRKWOOD, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN CROZES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 151,188, dated May 19, 1874; application filed April 30, 1874.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN W. YOUNG, of Wheeling, in the county of Ohio and State of West Virginia, have invented a new and Improved Croze; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a bottom-plan view of a cooper’s croze, and Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same.

Similar letters of reference in the accompanying drawings denote the same parts.

In cooper’s crozes, as ordinarily constructed, the board and guard are made of wood, and in practice it is found that the friction of the edges of the staves upon the board of the croze rapidly wears a groove or gutter in its lower face, which causes the groove made in the staves by such a tool to be situated too low in the barrel, besides causing greater friction in the operation of the croze. The guard also becomes quickly worn in use when made of wood, and it has frequently to be removed from the board and filed or trimmed to restore it to its proper form. The friction of the wooden croze in use is not, also, uniform, thereby causing it to wear more in some places than in others, thereby rendering the tool in a great degree inoperative by cutting a groove in the staves of varying width and thickness.

To remedy these defects, the boards and guards of crozes have heretofore been made of very hard wood, as lignum vitae; but crozes made of that wood are expensive, and have been found to chip, and in time the groove or gutter is formed in the board, and the guard becomes worn, and the objectionable features of the ordinary wooden guard and board are not removed by this change of material.

By constructing the guard and board entirely of glass the objectionable features above described are entirely removed, as no gutter is formed in the board by the staves, and there is no wear of the guard, while the extreme hardness of the glass almost entirely obviates the friction between the croze and barrel, and allows the former to be more easily operated.

By my construction, also, the groove is always made at the proper depth in the barrel, and will be of uniform size throughout.

In the accompanying drawings, A is the board, and B the guard of the croze, made, preferably, in one piece, and constructed in the ordinary manner, with a recess, C, in the guard for the bit D, and an opening, E, in the lower face of the guard for the discharge of chips. F is a bolt passing through an orifice inthe board and guard, and screw-threaded at its end for the reception of a nut, and provided with a projecting lug, G, which bears upon the bottom face of the bit, by means of which construction the bit is securely held in place, and can readily be adjusted in its seat.

The board and guard are preferably made in one piece, the glass forming them being molded and pressed.

By constructing the board and guard of glass, the croze is much more easily operated, and crozes thus constructed can be made with little expense, and obviously they are much more durable than wooden crozes.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is —

As a new article of manufacture, a cooper’s croze, the board and guard of which are made entirely of glass.

JOHN W. YOUNG.

Witnesses:
NATHAN K. ELLSWORTH,
WM. READ.

No. 127,541 – Improvement In Plane-Stocks (Samuel M. Adams) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”196″]127541

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL M. ADAMS, OF FITCHBURG, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-STOCKS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 127,541, dated June 4, 1872.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL M. ADAMS, of Fitchburg, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Plane-Stock; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawing which accompanies and forms part of this specification, is a description of my invention sufdcient to enable those skilled in the art to practice it.

In making patterns for castings it is often necessary to plane long straight faces, which are curved in cross-section, and as such faces differ so that in different patterns there are hardly two faces alike — for which reason there has to be, in every complete set of pattern-maker’s tools, a great variety of planes with curved-faced stocks and curved-edged bits.

My object has been to produce a plane in which the face of the stock could be adjustably curved, so that, with the same or with different bits, and with the same stock, faces to be planed may be brought to various curves, as desired, by fitting the plane thereto.

My invention consists in a plane-stock formed of sections, each of which has a plain straight face in the direction of the length of the plane, said sections being so connected that they may be relatively adjusted so as to present faces more or less curved in cross-section, the faces of the stock being brought to the form desired preferably by means of a pattern or gauge, and being then fastened; while for a bit or cutting-iron there may be selected a bit with a proper-shaped edge; or for slight medications one bit can be used. My invention consists in a plane or plane-stock the face of which is made up of plates or sections hinged together, and made relatively and independently adjustable, and having provision for fastening them in any position to which they may be brought by adjustment.

The drawing represents a plane-stock embodying my invention.

A shows a plan of it; B, a reverse plan or bottom view. C is a cross-section on the line x x D is a cross-section on the line y y.

a denotes the frame of the stock; b, the handle; c, the bit or iron; all made in the usual manner. To the frame as is fixed a center permanent or relatively immovable rib, d, having a face, e, and to the opposite sides of said rib d are jointed two other ribs, f having cutting-faces g, and to the ribs f two ribs, h, with cutting-faces i, and to the ribs h ribs k with cutting-faces l, there being as many of these ribs and faces as may be desirable.

When the faces are in line they constitute the flat face of an ordinary plane, and from this line or plane they are moved, as occasion may require a curved face to be planed. For this purpose the plates are jointed together by suitable ears and pins, as seen at m, and from each a jointed arm, n, extends, the several arms at either end of the plane passing through a sleeve or opening, in which, by means of a cam-lever, o, or an eccentric, p, they may be clamped together.

By means of a plane thus made a great variety of straight work curved in section may be planed with one tool, which work, without such a tool, would require as many planes as there were variations in surfaces to be planed.

The specific construction shown may, of course, be varied, both as relates to the connection of the sections and as to the means for clamping them in position.

I claim —

A plane-stock made up of sections connected together, substantially as shown and described.

SAMUEL M. ADAMS.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS GOULD,
M. W. FROTHINGHAM.

No. 113,003 – Improvement In Plane-Stocks (Leonard Bailey) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”183″]113003

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-STOCKS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 113,003, dated March 28, 1871.

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I, LEONARD BAILEY, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain Improvements in Flexible-Faced Plane-Stocks, of which the following is a specification:

My invention consists in the combination of the parts, as hereinafter described.

The accompanying drawing shows a side elevation, partly in section, of a plane-stock of my invention.

A designates the stock proper, which I prefer to make of cast metal; but it may be made of any suitable material. B designates the flexible face-plate, which is made of spring-steel, and secured to the under side of the stock A, near the center of its length, by screws or rivets, in the ordinary manner.

At each end of the face-plate B is secured an arm, a a’, connected thereto by means of a suitable hinge, b b’. The arms a a’ pass through the rocking shafts c c’, which shafts are pivoted in each end of the stock A, in such manner as to easily rock or partially rotate.

By means of the set-screw d (shown at the left in the drawing) the arm a may be secured firmly in the rocking shaft c; or, if desired, the arm a’ may be threaded and held in place by a nut, d’, upon each side of the rocking shaft, as shown at the right in the drawing.

The peculiar mechanism employed to secure or fasten the arms a a’ in the rock-shafts c is immaterial to my invention. Each end of the stock A is made hollow or open, to allow free play to the arms af a a’.

The broken lines in the drawing indicate the position of the arms a a’ and faceplate B, with the latter bent into a concave form.

By releasing the set-screw d, so as to allow the arm a, to pass freely through the rocking shaft c, the ends of the face-plate B may be bent upward, forming the latter into a convex form.

The movement of either arm a a’, in passing through the shaft c causes said shaft to rock on its pivots, when the end n, of such arm a a’ moves in an inward as well as upward direction, and rests (when the ends of the face-plate B are bent upward to their full capacity) in the hollow of the stock A, as shown in the drawing.

The face-plate B may be set with its ends at any point between the two positions herein shown.
I claim as my invention —

In a flexible-faced plane-stock, substantially as described, the rocking shaft c c, pivoted in the stock A, and receiving the arms a, a’ of the face-plate B, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
CHAS. L. MEAD.

No. 109,037 – Improvement In Planes (Ellis H. Morris) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”174″]109037

United States Patent Office.

ELLIS H. MORRIS, OF SALEM, OHIO.

Letters Patent No. 109,037, dated November 8, 1870.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELLIS H. MORRIS, of Salem, in the county of Columbiana and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Metallic Planes; and I do declare that the following is a true and accurate description thereof, reference being had to thc accompanying drawing and to the letters of reference marked thereon, and being a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved plane.
Figure 2 is a plan of the bottom.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of the device.

Like letters indicate like parts in each figure.

The nature of this invention relates to an improved construction of metallic planes, whereby greater lightness and strength are secured, with case in operation.

The invention consists in casting the body of the plane with a series of intersecting ribs, covering the entire face, and in the general arrangement of its several parts, as more fuily hereinafter described.

In the drawing —

A represents a thin iron plate, cast with narrow projecting and intersecting ridges, a, on its lower face, and a rib-socket, A’, on its upper surface, which, besides giving the plane-body the necessary rigidity, receives thc handle B at the rear end, secured therein by two or more bevel-screws, b, whose heads are countersunk in the cavities formed by the ridge a.

The central portion of the socket forms the throat c, and in the forward part is secured a knob, C, by which the operator guides the plane.

D is the plane-iron, whose slot, d, extends to the upper end.

E is the cap, resting on the upper or forward face of the iron, to which it is secured by a set-screw, F, threaded in it, passing from the rear side of the iron through the slot d.

G is the wedge, which secures the iron and cap in the throat in the usual manner.

By extending the slot in the iron to its upper end, when I wish to remove it for sharpening, I simply loosen the thumb-screw F, when the iron drops down through the throat. In like manner it is readjusted.

This construction of the body of the plane combines great strength and rigidity with the minimum of weight. The weight of all metallic planes hitherto made has been the principal objection to their use, seconded by their large cost as compared with the wooden plane.

In making such planes, after the bottom is cast it is the custom to level off the face on an iron-planer, and finish on an emery-wheel — an expensive process.

In this, as soon as taken from the sand I put it in a vise and finish the surface with a file, at a tenth of the cost of finishing a plane-face by the other method, as the peculiar arrangement of the intersecting ridges leaves but little metal to be removed in order to face the plane. For the same reason the plane is easier to move on the wood, the diminished area ofthe surface moving in contact with the board reducing the friction in a corresponding ratio.

I do not wish to confine myself to the particular configuration of the face-ridges shown, as the same may be in curved lines, intersecting each other to term any desired geometrical pattern.

I am well aware that cast-iron planes have been made with longitudinal grooves planed in their faces, and therefore disclaim the invention of such.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The intersecting ridges d on the face of a metallic plane, as described.

2. The arrangement of the handle B, knob C, plane-iron D, cap E, screw F, and wedge G, with the metallic plane-body A, constructed as herein described, and operating as set forth.

ELLIS H. MORRIS.

Witnesses:
MARMADUK WILSON,
SAMUEL HARDMAN.

No. 102,406 – Improvement In Plane-Stock (Julius Katz) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”164″]102406

United States Patent Office.

JULIUS KATZ, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Letters Patent No. 102,406, dated April 26, 1870.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-STOCK.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

I, JULIUS KATZ, of Cincinati, Hamilton county, Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Plane-Stocks, of which the following is a specification.

Nature and Objects of the Invention.

My invention relates to an improved facing device for wood-workers’ plane-stocks.

General Description with Reference to the Drawings.

Figure 1 is a perspective under-side view of a plane-stock. embodying my improvement.
Figure 2 is a partly-sectionized side elevation thereof.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 are transverse sections at the lines X X, Y Y, Z Z, respectively.

I make the entire under surface of my improved plane-stock to consist of blocks or strips of bone, ivory, or similar hard organic substance, glued together in two pieces or slabs, A and B, of which the slab A, in rear of the throat C, fits, and occupies a dovetail excavation, D, on the under side of the wooden portion Z of the stock, to which it is firmly glued.

The component strips a and b of either slab are also firmly glued together, and additionally secured together by screws E.

The slab B, instead of being immovably fastened to the stock, is made capable of a slight longitudinal adjustment, and, for this purpose, is surmounted by a bolt or stern, F, which, extending upward through a slot, H, in the plane-stock, is secured by a nut, G, on the top of the stock.

Of the strips which compose the shiftable piece, B, the two outside ones, b’ b’, project rearward from the others, and enter jogs or gains a’ in the slab A.

Claim.

I claim herein as new and of my invention —

Facing a plane-stock with a congeries of strips of bone or like substance, glued and screwed together and fastened to the stock proper in the manner set forth.

In testimony of which invention I hereunto set my hand.

JULIUS KATZ.

Witnesses:
GEO. H. KNIGHT,
JAMES H. LAYMAN.