Tag: New York

No. 269,968 – Bench Plane (Jacob Siegley) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”62″]269968

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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JACOB SIEGLEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BENCH-PLANE.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 269,968, dated January 2, 1883.
Application filed May 22, 1882.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB SIEGLEY, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specifcation.

This invention has reference to certain improvements in bench-planes, for which Letters Patent of the United States have been granted to me heretofore, which Letters Patent bear date, respectively, July 1,1879, and August 16, 1881, and are numbered 216,979 and 245,752, the improvements being designed with a view to lock the cutting-tool or plow in a more reliable manner and facilitate the forward feeding and adjusting of the same.

The invention consists of a bench-plane, the stock of which is provided with an inclined cutting-tool or plow, the upper surface of which is laterally grooved or serrated, to be engaged by a wedge-shaped locking-block having a correspondingly-grooved bottom, said block being secured against an inclined cheek of the stock by a lateral screw-post and clamp-nut, and moved forward by a longitudinal set-screw of the wedge shaped block, so as to raise or lower the plow in the stock.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my improved bench-plane, and Figs. 2 and 3 are respectively a detail section on line x x, Fig. 1, and a vertical transverse section on line y y, Fig. 2.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the stock of my improved bench-plane, which is made of cast-iron or other suitable metal, and with a handle of the usual form at the rear end. The middle part of the stock A is provided with an inclined recess, a, the lower surface of which forms the bearing-surface for the detachable plow or other cutting-tool B. The cutting-tool B is provided at its upper surface and near its middle portion with transverse grooves b b, which are engaged by the grooved or serrated bottom of a wedge-shaped locking-block, B’, the tapering top and side of which are guided along flaring cheeks d d of the stock A. The wedge-shaped block B’ is adjusted by means of a lateral screw-post, e, that is secured to the block and passed through a recess of the stock A, the block being tightly clamped to the stock and cutting-tool by a screw-nut, e’, as shown, respectively, in Figs. 2 and 3. The wedge-shaped block B’ is further arranged with a set-screw, j, that engages an interiorly-threaded socket of the wedge-shaped block B’, the set-screw f being arranged parallel to the cutting-tool or plow B, and provided with a head, f’, having socket-holes for inserting a suitable lever-pin, whereby the screw may be turned in one or the other direction. The head f’ of the screw f bears against a shoulder, f2, of the stock A, so that on turning the head the wedge-shaped block B’, and consequently the cutting-tool or plow B, is set higher or lower in the stock, as required for the proper setting of the tool. The wedge-shaped block B’ has to be of somewhat less length than the distance between the flaring front cheek, d, and the shoulder f2, so as to provide a certain play for the adjustment of the block and cutting-tool after the same has been placed in position in the recess of the stock. For adjusting the cutting-tool B the clamping-nut is first loosened and the cutting-tool adjusted so that its cutting-edge projects below the bottom surface of the stock A. The locking-block B’ is now clamped tightly to the grooved portion of the cutting-tool B, and, finally, the tool adjusted forward or back by means of the adjusting set-screw f so that the proper length projects below the bottom surface of the stock. In this manner a reliable locking device tor the cutting-tools of bench-planes is obtained, and a means whereby the cutting-tool may be accurately adjusted from time to time, as required by the work and the gradual wear of the tool.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination of a stock having flaring cheeks, a plow or cutting-tool having transverse grooves at its upper surface, a wedge-shaped locking-block having a grooved bottom, means for clamping the block tightly to the cutting-tool. and means for longitudinally adjusting the locking-block and cutting-tool, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination of the stock: A, having an inclined recess, a, flaring cheeks d d2, and shoulder f2, a plow or cutting-tool, B, having transverse grooves b b, a, wedge shaped locking-block, B’, having a grooved bottom, a, lateral screw-post, e, and clamp-nut e’, and a longitudinal set-screw, f’, all substantially set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JACOB SIEGLEY

Witnesses:
PAUL GOEPEL,
SIDNEY MANN.

No. 19,130 – Crozing Plane (S.G. Crane) (1858)

[paiddownloads id=”69″]19130

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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S. G. CRANE, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

CROZING-PLANE.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 19,130, dated January 19, 1858.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, S. G. CRANE, of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Crozing-Planes for Coopers; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1, is a plan of the instrument.
Fig. 2, is a transverse section.

The nature of my invention consists in constructing crozing planes with two adjustable circular plates P so arranged as that their radius may be changed to suit barrels, half barrels, &c., and in attaching the knife V to one of said plates P.

The “board” M, I construct in the usual way also the block K. The plates P, are attached to said block by screws J. There are slots in the plates for the screws J to pass through, and they permit the changes shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 1. The slots are covered by the Washers C.

The knife V is attached to the rear plate P by the screw Y and its nut D. Said nut is a flat plate of about the same size as the shank of the knife, and answers as a gage for the depth of cutting when the plates are set out for smaller circles, as seen in Fig. 1 by the dotted lines, and at such times the knife V requires no readjusting, it being adjusted to the rear plate, is moved with it.
The spur B on the rear plate answers as a gage for the other plate.

What I claim, is —

The construction and arrangement of the adjustable plates P, and the arrangement of the knife V, as, and for the purposes specified.

S. G. CRANE.

Witnesses:
FERDINAND SEIFRIED,
LOUIS ERNST.

No. 23,928 – Improved Bench Plane (William S. Loughborough) (1859)

[paiddownloads id=”82″]23928

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

W. S. LOUGHBOROUGH, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

IMPROVED BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 23,928, dated May 3, 1859.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WM. S. LOUGHBOROUGH, of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Iron Fillister-Plane, the principles of which are applicable, with slight modifications, to panel-plows, match-planes, dados, rabbets, and to bench-planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of its construction and operation, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 is a plan of the race. Fig. 3 is a plan of the parallel fence F. Fig. 4 is an elevation ofthe reverse side of Fig. 1 without the handle, and showing the shape and position of the stop P, also of the spur M.

The nature of my invention consists, first, in the construction of an iron stock for fillisters, dados, rabbets, rnatch-planes, and panel-plows; second, in the construction of a parallel fence, F, for fillisters and match-planes; third, in the construction and arrangement of a stop, P, moving diagonally to the line of pressure upon it, the same being applicable to the dado and panchplow; fourth, in the application and arrangement of the spring-cap G, in combination with the screw 2 or any other adjustable or lined fulcrum; fifth, the combination of the adjusting-screw 1 with the bit B and spring-cap C; sixth, the application and arrangement of the spur M.

I construct the plane-stocks, as seen in Figs. 1 and 4, with an arch, N, which connects the face in front of the throat with that in the rear, and at the same time affording a cutting-edge to the bit B the full width of the face of the plane. The projection R governs the position of the bit. The screw 2 passes through the slot of the bit and into this projection, and the adjusting-screw 1 screws through the said projection and against the upper end of the bit B, so that by turning the said adjusting-screw up the edge of the bit is thrown below the face of the plane, causing it to cut a thicker shaving, and vice versa, whereby the operator is enabled to adjust the “cut” of the bit to the rnerest fraction, and in an instant.

The parallel fence F, I construct, as seen in Fig. 3, with the slots D, through which the screws Y pass, running out from the face of the fence at an angle of sixty degrees, more or less, so that when the nuts 4 and 5 are loosened to make changes one measurement only is required, for neither end can move up or back faster than the other when the screws Y are properly tilted to the slots D.

The stop P is made and arranged, as seen in Fig. 4, with the slot for the set-screw K, in this also running up diagonally from its face, so as to prevent any possibility of the downward pressure of the plane when it has worked to the desired depth from forcing the stop up, and thereby allow it to work too deep. It is kept in its proper position by the guide-pin U.

The handle H is cut to lit under the projection R, and the screw 7, Fig. 2, is put through the face of the plane and into the handle, which holds it firmly to its place.

The spur M, Figs. 2 and 4, is made of plate-steel and fitted into a dovetail seat, where it is held by the screw 6, which has a bevel or a countersunk head, one side of which is pressed against the spur when the screw is turned in.

The projections J are to allow the fence to be adjusted to the full width of the face of the plane. The rib X is to strengthen the arch N.

There may be a slip, V, of wood let into the fence F to prevent the edge of the bit from coming in contact with the iron when the bit is being taken out or replaced.

What I claim as my invention is —

1. The combination of the screw 2, (which takes effect in the projection R,) spring or yielding cap C, bit B, and screw 1, for the purpose of varying the cut of the bit, and at the same time and proportionally the space of the throat, the base of the bit B being the fulcrum upon which it swings when said changes are made, the said combination being applicable for the adjustment of the bit in all kinds of planes.

2. The adjustable parallel fence F, constructed with diagonal slots D for the set-screws Y, as and for the purpose specified, said fence being applicable to match-planes, and also the stop P, with the slot running up diagonally from the face, the set-screw K, and the guide-pin U keeping it in position, said stop being applicable to panel-plows and dados.

WM. S. LOUGHBOROUGH.

Witnesses:
CHARLES GILBERT,
RICHARD GILBERT.

No. 32,617 – Spokeshave (Martin Colton) (1861)

[paiddownloads id=”92″]32617

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MARTIN COLTON, OF SARDINIA, NEW YORK.

SPOKESHAVE.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 32,617, dated June 25, 1861.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARTIN COLTON, of Sardinia, county of Erie, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Spokeshaves; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and the letters of reference rnarked thereon, in Which —

Figure I is a bottom plan of my improvement. Fig. II is a cross section on line c–d and Fig. III is a cross section on line a–b. Letters of like name and kind refer to like parts in each of the figures.

The nature of my invention relates to the connection of an adjustable cam face to the stock of the shave in such relative arrangement to the cutting knife that by its adjustment the knife will cut in any required curve.

A, represents the stock of the shave of ordinary construction. B, represents the cutting knife connected to the stock in the cornmon manner.

C, represents the adjustable cam face in length a little longer than the cutting edge of the knife — say one inch at each end — and fitting into a concave recess or chamber made in the stock to receive it. The form of the face on the side nearest the knife and connnencing at the edge of the knife and extending about two thirds of the entire circulnference of the face — is cylindrical. That part of the cam face which bears upon the work has an expanding curvature commencing at the edge of the knife and tangent to the cylindrical part. A journal is formed at each end of the cam face upon the center line of the cylindrical part. These journals turn in eyes (D) which have long shanks (E) passing through the stock and having tightening nuts (F) upon their ends. By turning these nuts the cylindrical part of the cam face llltty be drawn into the recess in the stock and held tightly in any desired position.

In consequence of the expanding curvature of the cam face by loosening the nuts If and turning it upon its journals the distance of the line of bearing upon the work from the cutting edge of the knife may be increased or diininished — increasing it will adapt it to smoothing or cutting surfaces of greater curvature and diminishing it will adapt it to surfaces of less curvature. I am thus able to adapt the shave as required by the peculiarities of the work being done and am enabled to do the work in the most perfect manner.

I claim —

The combination of the adjustable cam face C with the stock A and knife B arranged and operating for the purposes and substantially as set forth.

MARTN COLTON.

Witnesses:
R. SIMON,
SARDIS HOBART.

No. 40,437 – Spokeshave (Melzer Tuell) (1863)

[paiddownloads id=”98″]40437

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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MELZER TUELL, OF PENN YAN, NEW YORK.

SPOKESHAVE.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 40,437, dated October 27, 1863.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MELZER TUELL, of Penn Yan, in the county of Yates and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Spokeshaves; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a bird’s-eye view. Fig. 2 is of the under side. Fig. 3 isa transverse vertical section.

The letters of reference refer to the same parts in each figure.

A is the stock. It is made with an opening or passage for the chips or shavings to pass up through while using it, and it has a handle at each end. The stock is made so that the cutter B and gage C may be fastened to it, as hereinafter described. The center of the stock, center of the cutter, and center of the gage are in the same lines, or both sides of the center are alike, so that the instrument will cut when pushed from or pulled toward the operator, or either end may be taken in the right hand and the result the same. At the under side of the stock, and in the middle and near each end of the opening, is a place fitted to receive the cutter, so that it may be held by bolts or screws that pass through both stock and cutter. The cutter must be far enough below the surface of the stock to admit the regulator above the edges of the cutter. This is done by making projections upon which the knife is fitted for.

The handles are made in line with the cutter, but may be curved up or down, as desired.

At the under side of the stock is placed the adjustable gage C. It is made the width, outside, as the stock, with an opening through it as long as and a little wider than the cutter, so that it will surround the cutter. It is held to the stock by means of pivots F and F, that pass through the projections E and E at the under side of the stock, and through holes in the ends of the gage, as represented in Fig. 2; or the pivot may be made to enter holes made in the ends of the cutter. The gage must be made so as to be easily moved upon the pivots, so that either side of the gage may be raised above the edge of the cutter to admit the edges of the cutter to take the thickness of chip required, so that the more the gage rotates the thicker will be the chip. This motion of the gage is governed by the set-screws D and D. These screws are put through the sides of the stock, as represented in Figs. 1 and 3. By these screws the thickness of the chip is regulated. Wlien the screws are turned back-ward,the chip will be thicker, and when turned forward the regulator has less motion and consequently the cutter cuts a thinner chip.

I do not limit myself to any particular curve, (up or down,) but make them any curve to suit any kind of work, and when any curve of cutter is required the stock and gage must be made to correspond with it. The cutter is made with two opposite cutting-edges, with a hole at each end for bolts or screws that hold it to the stock. To use my invention, first find by trial the thickness of chip. If too thick or too thin, regulate by the screws D D, which is best performed by regulating one side at a time, and when both sides are regulated take one handle in each hand and place the under side of the instrument upon the work and either push it from or pull it toward you, which will cause the instrument to do the work required. This motion will cause the gage to raise to the screws D D one side at a time and allow the edge of the cutter to take hold of the work. Thus each edge of the cutter will take hold of the wood; but both edges will not cut at the same time, but the instrument willwork either way, as the grain of the wood requires.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The stock A and cutter B, when constructed and arranged as and for the purpose Set forth.

2. The adjustable gage C, when made and used as specified.

MELZER TUELL.

Witnesses:

I. SLOAN,
CHARLES KETCHUM.

No. 42,585 – Improvement In Grooving Or Panel Plows (William S. Loughborough) (1864)

[paiddownloads id=”103″]42585

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM S. LOUGHBOROUGH, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN GROOVING OR PANEL PLOWS.

_________________

Specification forming parts of Letters Patent No. 42,585, dated May 3, 1864.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WM. S. LOUGHBOROUGH, of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Panel-Plow or Grooving-Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specilication, in which —

Figure 1 is an elevation of the left side of the plane. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the right side. Fig. 3 is an end view of the fence B detached, showing the front arm, C.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

The nature of my invention consists, mainly, in the peculiar construction of the stock of panel-plows or other grooving-planes ; also, in a novel and efficient means for securing the adjustment of the fence by simply turning one screw, and in an improved manner of securing the bits in this class of planes.

A in the drawings represents the skeleton stock; B, the fence; C and C’, the arms; D, the thumb-screw ibr fastening the bit; E, the screw for fastening the arms of the fence; a, the screw for holding the stop S ; G, the bit ; b and b’, the clamping-bars, and w the wedge, which is operated upon by the screw E, by which it is driven down between the end of the bars b and b’, causing them to clamp firmly against the arms of the fence and to hold it securely in position. The wedge should be made sufficiently obtuse to cause it to recede from between the bars whenever relieved by the screw.

The body or stock A of the plane is made, as seen in the drawings, with an enlargement, d, running diagonally across and projecting equally on each side. Within this enlargement is formed a mortise, through which the bit G is placed. This mortise should be five-eighths to three-fourths of an inch wide, and it is recessed on the front or upper side, as indicated by the dotted lines, which is done by enlarging the core. Said core should also have a projection on the right side, near the lower end, to form the opening under the clasp f for the bar b1’ to pass through. The clasp g is formed by “coping out” in molding, part ofthe stop being removed, as seen in Fig. 1, to show the recess. The oval-shaped recess in which the wedge w is placed is formed in the same manner, and is made deep enough to receive the upper end of the bars b and b’ and the thickness of the flange i. The clasp g is extended over the upper rib of the arm G, and a similar bearing is provided over C’ by the projection a. These bearings prevent the arms from “tilting” when released by the screw E. The projections J should be long enough to prevent any cramping of the arms when the fence is being moved either way, and also to secure its parallel movement, it being cast or otherwise rigidly fixed to the arms.

The stop S is secured between the diagonal ribs r by the screw a, which may have a milled head, if desired. The ribs r are cast with the stock, and they receive all the diagonal strain coming upon the stop, thereby relieving the screw a from all lateral strain. The stock A is thickened by the button u (seen in Fig. 2) to increase the threaded bearing ofthe screw a.

The arch N of the throatway may be formed on either side ofthe stock, but the right hand side is probably preferable.

The bits G are made of uniform thickness from end to end, and are provided, the same as other plow-bits, with a central groove in the back side, which rides the front end of the rear plate, P’, and they are so fitted in the mortise as to have a bearing at t before they strike the rest at v, against which they are forced by the screw D and firmly held. This manner of fitting the bits, always effecting a perfect bearing of the bit at t, whether a wide or narrow one is used, insures the discharge of the shavings.

The plate p projects each side across the stock so as to form the seat for the handle H centrally behind the bit. The handle is held against the side plate, lt, by the screw s, and the rear end is firmly held in position by a screw through the base plate p at y.

The fence B may be removed at any time without deranging the clamping devices, the flange i of the wedge to preventing the end of the bars b and b’ from falling out. There is a shoulder on the back side of b’ at e, Fig. 2, which strikes against the case of the bit-mortise, and thus prevents the bar from dropping away from the flange i, and b is kept in position longitudinally by the point c resting against the stock.

If desired, the arms G and C’ may be made separate from the fence B and attached thereto by screws or otherwise; but I prefer to cast them together, as shown in the drawings.

Among the many advantages afforded by making these tools of metal instead of wood are the following: They are much less cumber-some, are more durable, the parts are much more readily and perfectly adjusted, they work better and easier, because they never choke or clog with the shavings, and they can be sold for less than one-half the cost of wooden planes of the same variety.

The plates P and P’ are cast on the stock A, thereby avoiding the labor and expense of fitting and attaching them by screws or other-wise.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The above-described panel plow or plane, when constructed, arranged, and combined in the manner and for the purposes specified, as a new article of manufacture.

2. Securing the gage of the fence B at any desired point by operating a single screw, E, substantially in the manner specified.

WM. S. LOUGHBOROUGH.

Witnesses:
A. C. DICKINSON,
A. H. BILLINGS.

No. 43,053 – Improvement In Bench Planes (Richard Washburn) (1864)

[paiddownloads id=”104″]43053

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

RICHARD WASHBURN, OF RAMAPO, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 43,053, dated June 7, 1864.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD WASHBURN, of Ramapo, in the county of Rockland and State of New York, have invented a new and useful lmprovement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan or top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a detached perspective view of the slotted wedge which I use to secure the plane-iron.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention consists in the employment or use of a slotted wedge inserted in suitable guide-grooves in the front side of the throat of a plane, and adjustable by means of a set-screw, in combination with the plane-iron in such a manner, that by means of said slotted wedge and set-screw the plane iron can be firmly secured in the desired position, and by the point of the wedge the shavings are thrown oif from the cutting-edge of the iron and caused to pass up through the throat of the plane with ease and facility, and the use of a double iron can be dispensed with.

A represents the body of my plane, which is made of wood or any other suitable material, and provided with a throat, B, through which the plane iron C passes in the usual manner.
The plane-iron is secured in the throat by means of a slotted wedge, D, a detached perspective view of which is shown in Fig. 3. This wedge is guided in grooves a in the front side of the threat, and it is secured in its place by means of a set-screw, b, which passes freely through its top and screws into a nut fastened in the upper surface of the body A of the plane. The lower inclined surface, c, of the slotted wedge fits nicely on the upper surface of plane-iron, as clearly shown in Fig. 1, and its front edge is chamfered off in the opposite direction to that of the plane-iron, so that the shavings are thrown off from said cutting-edge, and that the inclined plate c of the slotted wedge takes the place of the ordinary double iron. By releasing the set-screw b the plane-iron can be easily adjusted up or down without the use of the hammer, and by tightening said set-screws the slotted wedge is firmly pressed down on the plane-iron and the latter is securely held in the required position. The sole of the plane is protected by a plate, E, secured to the front edge of the same by means of set screw d. This screw passes through an oblong hole, e, in the body of the plane, so that the plate E can be easily adjusted backward or forward and that by these means the mouth of the plane can be enlarged or diminished at pleasure. The plate E therefore serves the double purpose of protecting the sole of the plane and of making its mouth adjustable.

The improvements herein described are applicable to planes of every description, and it is obvious that the slotted wedge can be used independent of the adjustable plate E, or in combination with the same, as may be desired.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The slotted wedge D, secured in the throat of a plane, A, by means of a set-screw, b, and operating in combination with the same and with the plane-iron C, substantially in the manner and for the purpose specified.

RICHARD WASHBURN.

Witnesses:
DANIEL COOPER,
JAMES SUFFERN.

No. 52,478 – Improvement In Saw Rabbet Planes (Daniel D. Whitker) (1866)

No. 52,478 – Improvement In Saw Rabbet Planes (Daniel D. Whitker) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”113″]52478

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

DANIEL D. WHITKER, OF HUDSON, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN SAW-RABBET PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 52,478, dated February 6, 1866.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL D. WHITKER, of the city of Hudson, in the county of Columbia and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Tool or Instrument for Rabbeting and Plowing or Grooving Lumber, which I call or denominate the “Saw-Rabbet;” and I hereby declare that the following is a clear and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal or side elevation; and Fig. 3 is a transverse section or end view.

The nature of my invention consists in combining an adjustable saw with an adjustable fence or gage, both being attached to a stock with handle similar to a plane, forming together a tool combining the properties of the joiner’s plow and fillister.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

I construct my saw-rabbet with stock and handle similar to a plane, but without mortise for the iron. To the outside of this stock I attach, by means of the screws a a’ a”, an adjustable saw, A. The slots s s’ s” in the saw enable it to be set up or down, so as to cut any desired depth. This saw may be of any required thickness for inserting panels, or by means of the adjustable fence or gage C, attached to the bottom ofthe stock B by the screws b b’ through the slots c c’, may be made to saw one, two, or more cuts or grooves at any desired distance from the edge for rabbeting, or a part for grooving, and the intermediate wood removed by a chisel or ordinary rabbet-plane. But the saw-rabbet is specially adapted to cutting grooves for inserting the rubber weather-strip, and the only tool that can be used advantageously for that purpose. In addition to the foregoing it will do all the work of both the fillister and the plow. lt can also be easily converted into a useful tool for rabbeting on curves or circles by setting out one or both ends ofthe saw by means of curved wedges or thumb-screws. A steel spring fence or gage may then be employed and be set out with the saw.

The stock to which the saw is attached may be of wood or metal. The friction-rolls o o’ o’
in the front edge ofthe gage rest or fence are employed to lessen the friction in operating the saw-rabbet.

The operation of this instrument needs no explanation. It is employed precisely like the fillister and plow, the operation of which is well understood by all carpenters and joiners, and indeed by all who have any acquaintance with these tools.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, Is —

Combining and arranging the adjustable saw A with the adjustable gage-rest G, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.

DANIEL D. WHITKER.

Witnesses:
FRANK A. MACY,
WILLARD S. WOOD.

No. 16,889 – Carpenter’s Plane (M.B. Tidey) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”38″]16889

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

M. B. TIDEY, OF ITHACA, NEW YORK.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,889, dated DMarch 24, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, M. B. TIDEY, of Ithaca, in the county of Tompkins and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Mode of Constructing Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and clear description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a View of the cavity or throat opening of the plane stock as constructed for the reception of the bit-case. Fig. 2 is a reverse view of the same and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof. Fig. 4; is a bit-case to be applied to said cavity and Fig. 5 is a view of the lower extremity thereof. Fig. 6 is the same as Fig. 1 with the bit-case applied, and Fig. 7 is a reverse view of the same. Fig. 8 is a view of the plane complete as invented and constructed by me.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in these several figures.

The object of this invention is, first to simplify the manufacturing of planes; second to render them more durable; third to retain a uniform mouth; fourth to obviate their clogging and fifth the retention of the essential part of the plane when the stock is worn out.

The following description will enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention.

The mode of my invention consists in the construction of planes of wood and in the usual way with the exception of the cavity or throat opening which is essentially different as will be seen hereafter.

I construct in the plane stock a cavity of uniform width as denoted by lines a, Figs. 1, 2, 6, 7, and 8, which terminates longitudinally at lines 5, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8. Fig. 1 is an upper view of said cavity showing also the adjustable screw B with supporting nut C and screw holes f, f, also finishing cuts c, c. Fig. 2 is a reverse view of the same showing the face of the plane. The lines F, F, F, F, Fig. 3, represents the back face and the lower part of the front face of the cavity or throat opening and are to be made parallel with each other or nearly so, the object of which is to prevent any space or opening at point D, Fig. 7, by drawing up the bit-case for the purpose of refacing the plane. In the cavity as thus constructed I apply the metallic bit-case (Fig. 4) as seen at A, Fig. 6, which is secured thereto by screws d d through slots e, e, entering nut f, said nut being a rod of iron passing through the plane stock for that purpose. The bit-case passes through the stock, its lower extremity constituting a section of the plane’s face being provided with a mouth q and other formations necessary to the reception of the bit and its means of fastening thereto. The bit-case I arrange so as to be adjusted according to the wear or diminution of the plane’s face, for which purpose I throw the upper extremity of the case back making a projection at right angles with its bed A, which is provided with recess g, which is received by groove h, of adjustable screw B, by the operation of which the bit-case may be set at pleasure, slots e e, Figs. 4 and 6, admitting its passage under screw heads d, d, when loosened.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

The application to the cavity of the plane stock of a metallic bit-case and so applying it that its lower extremity shall constitute a part of the plane’s face constructed and operated substantially for the purpose and in the way set forth.

M. B. TIDEY.

Witnesses:
WM. ANGLE,
WM. F. PECK.

No. 16,569 – Joiner’s Plane (J.F. Palmer) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”36″]16569

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

J. F. PALMER, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO S. W. PALMER, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,569, dated February 3, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J. F. PALMER, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga and State of New York, have invented a. new and useful Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing, making a part of this specification, said drawing being a longitudinal vertical section of my improvement.

My invention consists in the peculiar means employed for adjusting the plane iron, as will be hereinafter fully shown and described, whereby the plane iron may be set with the greatest facility and also be raised free from the work as the plane is drawn back so that the cutting edge of the iron is not impaired thereby.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and construct my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A represents the plane stock which is constructed of wood and in the usual manner. B is the opening or throat in the plane, and C is a metal plate which is screwed to the back side of the opening or throat, the lower edge of the said plate being beveled and made flush with the bottom or face of the stock. The upper end of the plate is also flush with the upper surface of the stock. The plate C has an oblong recess (a) made in it to receive a spiral spring (b) and also has four guide slots made in it to receive pins (d) which are attached to the back of a plate D which is fitted over the plate C, the plate D being a trifle shorter than the plate C. The plate D has a projection or lip (e) on its back side, said projection or lip fitting over the spring (b) in the recess (a) of the plate C. The projection or lip (e) is notched, or it may be formed of two parts to allow a screw rod E to pass through it. The upper end of the screw rod has a small thumb wheel (f) upon it, and a groove or recess (g) is made circumferentially in the upper part of said rod to receive a fork (h) which is attached to the back side of the plane iron E’. The lower part of the screw rod has a nut F upon it which leans upon the projection or lip (e) on the plate D, and this nut has a screw (i)attached to it, said screw passing through a hole (j) in the plate D, and through a slot (j’) in the plane iron E’, and having a thumb nut (k) on its outer end. The lower part of the plane iron E’ has a cover iron G attached to it.

The upper edge of the nut F is beveled as plainly shown in the drawing, and a rod H is fitted longitudinally in the stock A, said rod having a vertical plate I attached to its back end, the plate I being at the back side of the tote or handle J. The front end of the rod H has a fork (l) formed on it, and when the rod H is pressed forward, it passes through an opening in the plate C and bears upon the upper nut F — a spiral spring (m) is placed upon the rod H, said spring keeping the fork free from the nut F.

From the above description will be seen that by turning the screw rod E, the plane iron E’ may be raised or lowered so as to give it the required “set,” and the plane iron is firmly secured in position or prevented from turning casually. The plate D is connected with the plate C by a guide pin so as to regulate the length of vibration of the plate D and plane iron E’, which are forced downward as the plane is shoved forward by pressing the palm of the hand against the plate I, the rod H being shoved forward thereby and the fork (l) bearing or pressing down the nut F, and consequently the plate D and plane iron E’, said plate and plane iron being kept up above the work or board being planed by means of the spring (b).

By the above improvement the plane iron may not only be set with facility but it is kept up from the work as the plane is drawn backward and consequently the cutting edge of the iron E’ is prevented from being rounded and rendered dull. The plane irons of ordinary planes are soon deprived of their sharp edges in consequence of being drawn backward over the work.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,

The two plates C, D, and plane iron E’ arranged relatively with each other as shown and used in connection with the screw rod E, and rod H as herein described and for purpose set forth.

J. F. PALMER.

Witnesses:
HORACE T. COOK,
C. H. JENKIN.

No. 14,436 – Bench Plane (Lewis C. Ashley) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”31″]14436

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEWIS C. ASHLEY, OF TROY, NEW YORK.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,436, dated March 18, 1856.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEWIS C. ASHLEY, of Troy, in the county of Rensselaer and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a drawing of the adjustable metallic throat piece, detached from the plane stock.

The same letters refer to like parts in both figures.

It is well known to persons accustomed to the use of common bench planes, that in such planes, the mouth of the throat is enlarged and rendered imperfect by the wearing away of the stock. The plane iron or bit has been made adjustable, and also an adjustable metallic throat piece has been attached to the plane iron, to remedy this defect. But I believe that these hitherto known modes of prevention are either inapplicable to bench planes as commonly constructed with wood stocks, or are attended by much inconvenience in “setting” the plane iron.

My invention consists in so combining a metallic throat piece with a plane stock, to keep the mouth of the throat of the plane perfect as the plane stock shall wear away, that the plane iron or bit can be adjusted within or removed from the plane stock without disarranging the said throat piece.

The construction is as follows: A is a common wooden plane stock, with a bit or plane iron, B, fastened by a wedge, C, as usual. The front side c, d, of the throat is made parallel with the bed c’, d’, of the plane iron, as has been sometimes done heretofore. I provide a metallic throat piece, D, and attach it firmly, in an adjustable manner, to the front side c, d, of the throat.

This I effect by means of screw bolts E, having sunken heads, e, fitting in the counter-sunk slots, f, of the throat piece, which bolts are passed through the part A’ of the stock and tightened by the nuts g; or the throat piece may be secured in any other known mode which shall hold it in an adjustable manner, firmly in place. The throat piece is set so that the back part of the face a, shall be “in line” with the face of the stock. I make the forward portion of the face a, a little higher than the back part; so that that part of the stuff to be planed which is immediately in front of the cutting edge of the bit shall be surely held down and not allowed to lift up until just as it is shaved off.

It will be observed that while the metallic throat piece is so constructed and combined with the stock that the mouth of the throat of the plane shall not be enlarged or rendered imperfect by the wearing away of the plane stock, the plane iron can be adjusted or removed from, and reset in the stock, without disturbing the irmly secured throat piece.

I do not broadly claim combining a metallic throat piece with a bench plane in such a manner that the discharging aperture for the shavings shall not be enlarged or rendered imperfect by the wearing away of the plane stock.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent.

Combining a metallic throat piece with a plane stock in a manner independent of the plane iron, substantially as herein described, to keep the mouth of the throat of the plane perfect as the plane stock shall wear away.

LEWIS C. ASHLEY.

Witnesses:
JOHN MORAN,
A. F. PARK.

No. 13,575 – Plane Bit (Horace Harris) (1855)

[paiddownloads id=”25″]13575

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HORACE HARRIS, OF GORHAM, NEW YORK.

PLANE-BIT.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 13,575, dated September 18, 1855.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HORACE HARRIS, of Gorham, in the county of Ontario and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Mode of Adjusting Bench-Plane Irons; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a front view and Fig. 2 is a back view of the implement. I give the description “front” and “back view,” etc., from the position of the iron when in a plane stock. The “iron” embraces all the members found in the drawings.

In Fig. 1, A, B, C, are the same parts that are represented by them respectively in Fig. 2, except that in Fig. 1 A, is an iron used in the place of a cap in double irons for planes in common use, and in Fig. 2, A, A, are the side edges of said cap turned over on the back side of said iron to form grooves in which the bit B, (which is the part of the iron which cuts) is designed to be moved up or down for the purpose of cutting a coarse or line shaving. The grooves may be governed by turning the edges of the cap over the whole length, or only parts of the distance.

C, is a thumb screw at the top of the iron which is made to turn, without a screw thread in a back projection A, from the top of the cap, and is held from moving endwise by the head of the screw on the upper side, and by a nut E, pin, or otherwise on the lower side of said projection. The lower end of the screw is made to pass into a nut F, formed in a corresponding projection from the top of the bit. Thus the bit being nicely adjusted in the grooves is kept trim and steady while it is raised or lowered by the screw; and the screw thus arranged in the cap, (which is fast in the stock by a wedge, as are the irons in common planes), and at the same time connecting with the bit, helps to hold that firm to its place while it is in use. The advantages of this plan of adjustment are, that, 1st, it holds the bit more firmly and keeps it truer in its action than any other preceding screw adjustment, and, 2d, it is adapted to the ordinary wedge fastening arrangement in common bench planes, so that it can be readily used without any change of the common plane stock, thus giving it a general adaptation, with but little additional expense, that is, only the expense of the iron.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is —

The adjustment of the cap and bit with the grooves at each side, and of the thumb screw at the top of the cap and bit, for the regulation cf the cut of the bit while the iron is held fast in the stock by the wedge fastening.

I am aware L. K. Wilman has an invention for fixing a plane iron in grooves in the sides of a plane stock, and of regulating the out of it with a screw at the top of the iron and turning in a nut in the stock; but my devices differ essentially from his in these points, viz., 1, that my grooves are in the plane iron itself, and therefore, for use, requires no changes of the stock or wedge, but with the wedge the iron is held firmer than by any arrangement without it; and 2 that my screw is attached to the cap and bit as the plane for working the bit in the grooves made fast in the stock by the wedge.

HORACE HARRIS.

Witnesses:

CHAS. E. UPPERMAN,
J. L. ADAMS.

No. 10,748 – Bit Fastening For Cast Iron Bench Planes (William S. Loughborough) (1854)

[paiddownloads id=”12″]10748

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WM. S. LOUGHBOROUGH, OF VICTOR, NEW YORK

BIT-FASTENING FOR CAST-IRON BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 10,748, dated April 4, 1854.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WM. S. LOUGHBOROUGH, of Victor, in the county of Ontario and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Cast-Iron Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1, is a side perspective. Fig. 2, is a perpendicular horizontal section, in which is represented the combination of the various parts. Fig. 3, is a plan of the adjustable, lever-cap l, showing the points e that form its fulcrum. Fig. 4, is a transverse section of the plane, through the handle h, showing the dovetail groove g, for the handle. Fig. 5, is a section of a part of one side, from within, showing the groove c, in which the fulcrum e, of the adjustable lever-cap l operates.

The nature of my invention, consists in the simplicity, convenience and perfection of its construction and operation. I prefer that form, for the body or stock of the plane, represented in the drawings, marked A–A, as it affords suficient strength in a very light article, when such is required.

s, seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 5, is the stem through which the screw d, — (seen in Figs. 1-2,) — works, and as it forms a part of the body, or stock of the plane, — being cast with it, it requires no fitting or adjusting thereto, as is the fact with that part of M. Chardoillet’s planes, and the lever, cap, and bit in his, being connected with this stem, directly, and the whole made to swing on a pivot that unites them with the stock, — the combination is much more complicated in that respect, than mine, besides, I avoid the necessity of a cap as a distinct and separate part, by using the lower end of the adjustable lever-cap, l, as a cap, when a double iron is required, thereby producing two desirable results, with one device.

Said device, (lever-cap l,) is operated, or adjusted by the screw f, operating upon the upper end of the bit, b, — its lower end, (marked v, in Fig. 3,) resting on the bit near its edge, and the fuicrum, e e, (in Fig. 3,) connecting with the stock in the grooves c c, one of which is shown in Fig. 5. This also fastens the bit. These grooves, (c c,) may be molded in the pattern, or may be cut by a ciicular file attached to the mandrel of a lathe.

To regulate the plane to plane veneers, and cross-grained lumber, &c., it is necessary to close the throat, 25, (in Figs. 2 and 5,) so as to prevent a thick shaving from raising, which would be the result, with the throat open, though you might have the cap of the double iron perfectly adjusted. The lever-cap l, may be raised at such times, — (as it is not needed as a cap,) and thus permit the shaving, however thin and weak to pass tlgrough entirely unobstructed, and without clogging.

All that is necessary to be done, to remove the bit b, is to give the screw f, a slight turn to the left, and the bit is loosened, and vice versa.

There are various ways of attaching the handle, h, to the stock. That represented in Fig. 4, is probably the best, being simply to mold in the pattern a dove-tail groove, g, to which the handle may be fitted and driven in.

What I claim as my invention and improvement, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

1. The combination of the adjustable lever-cap, l, with the screw, f, by which it is operated.

2. The manner of connecting the said adjustable lever-cap l, with the stock of the plane, as described, and for the purposes set forth.

WM. S. LOUGHBOROUGH.

Witnesses:
WM. M. FERGUSON,
S. C. FERGUSON.

No. 9,094 – Hand Plane (Birdsill Holly) (1852)

[paiddownloads id=”11″]9094

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

BIRDSILL HOLLY, OF SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK.

HAND-PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 9,094, dated July 6, 1852.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BIRDSILL HOLLY, of Seneca Falls, in the county of Seneca and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Metal Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1, is a side view of a cast iron bench plane with my improvements. Fig.
2, is a longitudinal section of the same. Fig.
3, is a perspective view of the cap. Figs. 4 and 5 are sections of parts of the plane showing the iron, wedge and cap in different positions.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each of the several parts.

The nature of this invention consists, 1st, in certain improvements in the stock and in the cap of the iron which allow the width of the throat to be altered for different kinds of work; 2nd, in certain means by which the cap of the iron is always caused to drop into its place without requiring any adjustment or setting.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention I will proceed to describe fully its construction and operation.

A, is the stock which consists of a cast iron plate with the stem B, standing up from it at a suitable inclination, and with two projecting pieces, a a, one on each side close in front of the stem. The stem B, is of about the same width as the plane iron and is made of tapering thickness, being rather smaller at the top. The two projecting pieces a a, are of nearly semicircular form and are of such width or thickness, or are at such a distance apart as to allow the plane iron and cap to slide freely between them. The stock is furnished at the back part with a handle C, similar to a common plane handle, and in front of the throat with a knob D.

The plane iron E, is similar in its general character to the iron of a common plane. The cap F, consists of a cast iron plate similar in form to the cap of a common plane iron, but it has a loop f, which is of sufficient width and depth to lit over the plane iron, the stem B, and the wedge G, by which the iron is secured. The bottom parts of the sides of the loop at g, g, form shoulders fitting to the semicircular projecting pieces a, a, of the stock and are at such a distance from the lower edge of the cap that when they rest on the projections the edge of the cap will be just above or within the face of the plane and parallel transversely to it; the edge of the cap is chilled or hardened.

The plane iron E, is placed between the cap F, and the stem B, and the wedge may be inserted between the iron and the stem as shown in Figs. 1 and 2; between the cap and the iron as shown in Fig. 4; or between the back of the stem and the loop f, of the cap as shown in Fig. 5. The first arrangement gives a wide throat which is best for rough work; the second gives a very small throat suitable for planing hard wood or cross grained stud, or for finishing fine work; and the third gives a width of throat about half way between the widths given by the other two arrangements. The difference in the width of the throats is produced by the alteration of the inclination of the iron and cap.

The advantage of having the cap to drop at once with certainty to its place, will be admitted by all accustomed to the use of bench planes, as it dispenses with the necessity of measuring and setting required in the common arrangement; and the want of a simple and sure means of regulating the width of the throat is well known.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The loop f on the cap F, in combination with the plane iron E, and the stem B, of the stock in the manner substantially as described, to wit, the said loop fitting over or embracing the plane iron and stem and, allowing the iron to be secured between the cap and the stem by means of a wedge G, placed either between the back of the iron and front of the stem, between the front of the iron and the cap, or between the back side of the stem and back part of the loop, the three positions of the wedge forming three different widths of throat as herein explained.

2. Providing the cap F, with shoulders g, g, which when the cap is placed in the stock of the plane will fall on suitable resting pieces provided in or upon the stock substantially as described.

BIRDSILL HOLLY.

Witnesses:
CHAS. J. MCKEE,
PHILO COWING.

No. 8,655 – Beveling Plane (Harrison W. Lewis) (1852)

[paiddownloads id=”8″]8655

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HARRISON W. LEWIS, OF BATH, NEW YORK.

BEVELING-PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 8,655, dated January 13, 1852.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRISON W. LEWIS, of Bath, in the county of Steuben and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Beveling-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a front elevation; Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section; Fig. 3 is an end view from the left; Fig. 4 represents the rear side of the guard, and Fig. 5 shows the form of one of the planing cutters.

This invention consists of a plane, or planing instrument, of peculiar form, and furnished with several peculiar devices, so as to be adapted to the purpose of forming at one operation, and with extraordinary accuracy, a double bevel upon the grooved edge of a stile or rail of a panel door.

The stock A of this plane, has a longitudinal groove in the center of the under side thereof; and the spaces between this groove and the sides of the stock, consist of two inclined planes (surfaces) a a, the two planes being at an angle of about eighty degrees with each other, or about fifty degrees (each) with the sides of the stock. The stock is furnished with two cutters B (see Fig. 5) the cutting edges of which conform to the obliquity of the plane surfaces a a, and are fastened by wedges (b) in the manner of common planing tools.

An adjustable vertical guide C passes through the stock between the two cutters, and is secured in the required position by a horizontal screw c; and in the bottom of the guide is a narrow horizontal groove to receive the back of the gage-bar D. This gage-bar extends the full length of the stock A, and the two ends thereof are bent upward, as shown at e e Fig. 2. The forward end of the gage-bar passes up through a vertical groove in left or forward end of the stock (or in a vertical plate attached to the end of the stock), and has a slot (i) through which passes a set screw a whereby the gage-bar is held in the required position. The rear end of the gage-bar enters a vertical groove in the right end of the stock, and is held fast by a set-screw r, which passes through a plate s which is attached to the right end of the stock.

Two horizontal guard-screws E E pass through the stock, near the two ends thereof; and each guard-screw is furnished with a nut F and a collar G, whereby the screws are adjusted in any required position. The front end, or head, of each guard-screw has a shoulder or downward projection t, to the bottom of which is attached one end of a guard-stock H; and to the rear side of the guard-stock, an adjustable guard I is attached by means of two set-screws u u, which pass through two vertical slots v v, (Fig. 4) in the guard, and extending through the guard-stock, the front ends thereof are furnished with thumb-screw nuts x x. The slots v have rebates in the sides thereof (see Fig. 4) to receive the square heads of the screws u, that the heads may not be prominent to the face of the guard.

When the grooved edge of a rail is to be beveled by this plane, the guard is so adjusted as to slide upon the face of the rail, while the bottom of the guide C slides within the groove of the rail; and the gage-bar is so adjusted as to come in contact with the bottom of the said groove when the rail is sufficiently beveled, and thus prevent the cutters from planing off too much.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

1. The adjustable gage-bar (D) and the vertical adjustable guide (C), in combination with the double faced plane-stock, all constructed and relatively arranged as herein described.

2. The combination of the guard-screws (E) , guard-stock (F), adjustable guard (I), gage~bar (D), vertical guide (C) and plane-stock (A; the whole being constructed and arranged substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.

HARRISON W. LEWIS.

Witnesses:

JOHN L. SMITH,
RUFUS PORTER.

No. 6,459 – Bench Plane (Charles S. Beardsley) (1849)

[paiddownloads id=”3″]6459

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

C. S. BEARDSLEY, OF AUBURN, AND S. WOOD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BENCH PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 6,459, dated May 22,1849.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES S. BEARDSLEY, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga, and SIMEON WOOD, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Hand and Bench Planes, and that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the principle or character which distinguishes them from all other things before known, and of the manner of making, constructing, and using the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a hand plane on our improved plan; Fig. 2, a longi-tudinal vertical section; and Fig. 3, a cross section.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

In the hand plane as heretofore and now universally used the entire surface is on the same level, and the bit or cutting edge projects beyond it to the extent of the thickness of the shaving intended to be cut, the consequence of this is that the forward part of the surface of the plane can rest on the surface of the board forward of the shaving for that constitutes the gage to determine the thickness of shaving to be cut; but back of the cutting edge the surface of the board is reduced below the level of the forward part to the extent of the thickness of the shaving cut while the surface of the plane back of the cutting edge is on the same level with the forward part, and therefore if the back part of the plane be borne down it must be depressed and only rest on the planed surface at the back edge instead of along its entire length. The rear part, which runs on the planed surface, should be the guide to direct the plane, and for this purpose should have its whole surface running on the board and the forward part should only act as a gage and should therefore be on a higher level; but with the construction of the common plane this is not possible for the reasons mentioned.

The object of our invention is to avoid the defect of the common plane, and to this end the nature of the iirst part of our invention consists in making the surface of the plane from the cutting edge back on a level with the cutting edge, and the surface forward of the cutting edge parallel with the rear part, but movable and adjustable that it may be set so much above the level of the rear part as to determine the thickness of the shaving to be cut and constitute a gage for this purpose, and thus permit the entire surface of the plane back of the cutting edge to rest and run on the planed surface while the forward part or gage runs on the part from which the shaving has not been cut. And our invention also consists in making one surface of the planing bit or cutter the rear part of the surface of the plane, when this is combined with the making of the rear part of the stock, from the throat of the plane to the back, hollow for the passage and discharge of the shavings.

In the accompanying drawings (a) represents the stock of the plane which is made of iron and hollow. It is provided at top with a handle (b) in the usual manner, and the forward part is provided with these screws (c, c) and (d), the two (c, c) are tapped into a projection (e) of a gage plate (f) so that by the turning of these screws the gage plate will be elevated, and the other screw (d) is tapped into the stock and its end bears on the top of the projection (e)
for the purpose of forcing it down. In this way the gage plate can be regulated and set with accuracy. The side edges of the gage plate are adapted to slide freely and accurately within the hollow stock, and the rear edge which should be made at right angles with the sides of the stock, is so formed as to constitute, when in place, the continuation of a partition plate or flanch (g) which connects the two sides of the stock, and the rear face of this partition or flanch is inclined back toward the rear of the stock and gradually looses itself in the top plate of the stock which then runs horizontally to the back end. This forms what takes the place of the forward face of the throat of the ordinary plane.

The sides (h, h) of the hollow stock, inside and near the lower edge are grooved to receive the plane bit or cutter (i) which is a flat plate of metal, with the lower face perfectly true and parallel with the face of the gage plate while its upper face is parallel with the under face except at the forward end (j) where it is beveled down to form the cutting edge. This bit or cutter is thus inserted by sliding it in the grooves of the stock until the cutting edge is brought so near the rear edge of the gage plate as to form the throat of the plane for the passage of the shavings. In this way the throat is formed by the rear edge of the gage plate the flanch and the bevel of the bit or cutter, and the continuation of this throat for the delivery of the shavings at the rear is formed by the hollow stock. The lower edges of the sides of the stock should be chamfered off slightly in an upward direction at the sides of the cutting end of the bit, and then run to the forward end so much above the level of the face of the plane as to be above the greatest height to which the gage plate may be set for the greatest thickness of shaving. The under face of the gage plate should be parallel with the face of the plane back of the cutting edge but this is not indispensable. The planing bit may be inserted in the stock in any other manner as this does not constitute an essential part of our invention, and so of the gage plate it may be connected with the stock in any other desired manner, as for instance, it may be provided with projections at the sides fitted to slide in inclined grooves in the cheeks of the stock, and provided with a set screw to move toward or from the cutting edge of the bit, the inclination of the grooves having the effect to depress or elevate it while at the same time it reduces or increases the size of the throat.

The first part of our invention may be applied without the second by making the surface back of the cutting edge a part of the stock and inserting a separate bit, which may be done either by making a mortise through the sides or cheeks of the stock, or by inserting the bit and making the throat in the usual manner.

It will be obvious to those acquainted with the art of making and using planes that our improvements are applicabie to all kinds of hand planes for plain and ornamental work, the same construction and arrangement being applicable to all varieties, and the variations required being simply in the form.

We claim:

Constructing and applying the bit or cutter, substantially as described, that its lower surface may constitute that part of the surface of the plane back of the cutting edge, in combination with the hollow stock for the passage and delivery of shavings, substantially as described.

CHARLES S. BEARDSLEY.
SIMEON WOOD.

Witnesses:
A. P. BROWN, Sr.,
A. E. PETERS.

No. 6,304 – Plane For Bevel Edges (William H. Blye) (1849)

[paiddownloads id=”2″]6304

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM H. BLYE, OF DE RUYTER, NEW YORK.

PLANE FOR BEVEL EDGES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 6,304, dated April 10, 1849

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. BLYE, of De Ruyter, in the county of Madison and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes for Working in Wood, of which the following is a full and exact description, reference being had to the annexed drawings of the same, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view, Fig. 2. is an end elevation, and Fig. 3 is a view of the graduating arm or brace, and the guard plate, which secures the same to the end of the plane stock.

The same letters refer to the same parts in all the figures.

The nature of my invention, and improvement consists, in attaching an adjustable hinged guard or fence, to rabbet, fillister, molding, or other planes, by means of which the workman is enabled to bevel the edges of a piece of wood, in a uniform manner, and at any given angle.

In the accompanying drawings (a) represents the plane-stock which is made of wood, and of any required form and size.

(b) is the plane iron, (c) the wedge, which holds the iron in its place, (d) the guard or fence, is of the same length as the stock, and has one plane side which is about the same width as the face of the plane. From its uipper edge a rib (d2) is placed, for the purpose of stiffening the guard, and supporting the outer end of the braces, the outer, and under side of the rib and the lower edge, and back of the guard, may be ornamented with moldings, as represented, or otherwise, or may be left plain, according to the taste of the constructor: this guard is joined to the stock by hinges (e, e) which allow it to turn through an arc of about 100°, which admits of sufficient variation for most purposes, but in any case where greater variation, in the adjustment may become necessary, the hinges, and other parts concerned, can be so constructed, and arranged, as to allow the guard to turn through a longer arc. The braces (g) are of metal, and in the form of segments of a flat ring whose center is the axis of the hinge, the outer end of these braces have slots in them, through which the thumb screvv (h passes into the ends of the guard, to clamp it to the brace, these slots, also admit of the guard being turned to any extent within the limits of their length, to change the angle at which it stands to the face of the plane, and when the slots are too short, to admit of all the variation required, the ends of the braces are drawn out of the hole, formed in the end of the plate (i) and in the wood under the plate, and when placed in the proper position they are clamped firmly by the thumb screws (k k). Graduated scales of degrees may be formed upon the braces to denote the angle at which the guard may be placed.

The several parts of the plane above described may be made of wood, or metal, and arranged in a great variety of ways, without departing from the principle. of the invention, but these several modes, consist of devices well known to mechanics, and I therefore deem it unnecessary here to describe them.

The operation of this plane, is similar to that of others, the guard being adjusted to the required angle, is placed against the side of the piece, and held there firmly while the face of the plane is applied to the edge of the piece of wood, being pressed down upon it and at the same time pushed forward, the edge of the iron penetrates the wood to the depth which it projects through the face of the plane, and removes a shaving of that thickness — this operation is repeated until the piece is reduced to the required form.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,

The manner herein described of planing the edges of pieces of wood of a beveled form at given uniform or varying angles, by means of an adjustable guard hinged to the plane stock.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

WILLIAM H. BLYE.

Witnesses :
Z. T. BENTLEY,
A. V. BENTLEY.

No. 5,620 – Joiner’s Plane (William A. Cole) (1848)

[paiddownloads id=”22″]5620

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM A. COLE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 13,957, dated December 18, 1855.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. COLE, of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Plane for Planing Curve or Level Surfaces; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the plane. Fig. 2 is an end view.

Similar letters refer to similar parts, in both figures.

The nature of my invention, consists in an improvement in the construction of the plane, by which I am enabled to curve the face of the plane either concave or convex, and regulate the face of the said plane so as to plane various curves with the same plane.

In making my improvements I take an ordinary plane, with the plane irons, &c., as usual, I then cut a convex face upon it as seen at (a–b). To the face thus prepared I attach a plate of metal (c), at the center, the length and width of the plane; at the center there is a slot cut across through which the edge of the cutting iron may pass. At each end of the plate (c) there is a slide (d) connected, which passes up against the front and back of the plane, beneath a plate of brass, space being left sufficient to allow it to pass up and down.

In operating this plane, the face plate (c) is set to the desired curve, by pushing the pieces (d) down, these are then confined in their places, by a screw (e) upon the ends of the plane as represented. It will be seen that concave and convex surfaces can be planed by this instrument, and that it can be adjusted to any desired curve, as set forth and described above.

What I claim as my invention and improvement, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The adjustable metallic spring plate, secured to the face of the plane for the purpose of planing with one plane, various curves either concave or convex, substantially as herein described and set forth.

WM. A. COLE.

Witnesses:
A. W. KELLOGG,
I. P. PIRSSON.

No. 4,576 – Fastening And Adjusting Plane Irons (Leonard Bliss) (1846)

[paiddownloads id=”20″]4576

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BLISS, OF TRUXTON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO SAML. T. JEFFERY, OF HORNER, NEW YORK.

FASTENING AND ADJUSTING PLANE-IRONS.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 4,576, dated June 16, 1846.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BLISS, of Truxton, in the county of Courtland and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Method of Securing and Adjusting Cutting Bits or Irons of Hand-Planes, and that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the principle or character which distinguishes my invention from all other things before known and of the manner of making, constructing, and using the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section, and Fig. 2 a perspective view with part of the stock cut off. The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

The method of fastening plane bits or irons to their stocks (now generally used) is by means of a wedge which requires hammering to drive it in or draw it out which in a short time, injures the stock and dis-adjusts the set of the cutting edge. Various other devices have been suggested and essayed to avoid this difliculty, but they have so far all failed, either in consequence of complexity and cost or the occupying of too much room in the throat of the plane, and therefore impeding the discharge of shavings. But by my improvement, which is simple, cheap, and not liable to derangement, I avoid all these difficulties; it consists in the employment of an eccentric metallic roller which has its bearings in the sides of the throat of the stock, and is situated immediately over the bit or iron, so that by turning it, the bit is either liberated or fastened; its diameter is so small as not to afford the least obstruction to the free discharge of the shavings; and by the turning of this eccentric to fasten the bit, if it be turned in the direction of the cutting edge it will tend to set for the cutting of a thicker shaving, and by turning it the other way the reverse effect will be produced.

In the accompanying drawings, (a) represents a wooden plane stock of the usual construction, having a throat (b), and plane iron or bit (c) which may be either single or double. The bit rests on the inclined bed (d) of the throat, and is gripped or held against this bed, by means of the metallic roller (e), which crosses it about midway between the bottom and top of the stock, and is provided with eccentric journals (f f) fitted to and turning in metallic boxes (g) let into the stock of the plane.
The eccentric roller is turned by means of a metallic rod (h) which fits in the holes (i i) in the roller.

It will be evident from an inspection of the drawings, that the turning of this eccentric roller will liberate or secure the plane iron or bit and that by turning it in the direction of the arrow (toward the cutting edge) that the bit will be carried down, and set for a thicker shaving; and that by turning it in a reversed direction, the bit will be drawn up and set for a thinner shaving, so that by this means plane irons or bits can be set and secured in place, or liberated without the necessity of hammering as in the old method.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

The method of securing and setting plane irons or bits by means of an eccentric roller extending across the face of the bit and turning in boxes in the cheeks of the stock, as herein described.

LEONARD BLISS.

Witnesses:
JOHN BOUTWELL,
GEO. W. BLISS.

No. 3,838 – Setting Bits In Bench Planes (Levi Sanford) (1844)

[paiddownloads id=”19″]3838

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEVI SANFORD, OF SOLON, NEW YORK.

METHOD OF SETTING BITS IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 3,838, dated November 26, 1844.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEVI SANFORD, of the town of Solon, in the county of Cortland and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Construction of Joiners’ Planes, by Which the Irons Are Adjusted by Screws for More or Less Bite, which is described as follows, reference being had to the annexed drawings of the same, making part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the plane stock and irons, combined for use. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of ditto. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the right-angled iron containing the female screws, and fastened in the stock. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the plane-iron. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the cap.

The nature of my invention consists in securing to the back part of the throat of a plane stock S, by screws or otherwise, a right angled piece of metal A, which receives the screw B, for securing and setting the cap C, of the plane bit D, and a screw E, for setting the plane bit D, by which arrangement the bit can be set for a greater or less bite, without moving the cap.

D, Figs. 1 and 2, represents the plane bit with my improvement attached to it. A represents the right angled piece of metal to which the adjusting screws B and E are fixed.

B represents the screw which passes through the cap C, bit D and right angled iron A, from the face side of the cap C, where there is a broad head attached to the screw, by which the bit and the cap are firmly attached to the iron A. The broad head of said screw is shown at B, Figs. 1 and 2.

F F represents the holes through the iron A, by which said iron is fastened or secured to the plane stock, by means of common wood screws.

E represents the main screw by which the plane bit is adjusted for work.

The cap C and bit D are both perforated in the middle with longitudinal slots I, J, to allow them to be moved up or down in the throat of the stock S and over the shank of the screw B, that confines them to the iron A, fastened to the stock S, when the screw E is turned.

The upper corners of the end of the bit, projecting above the stock are cut off as in the common plane iron. A notch G, Figs. 1 and 2, is then made in this end of the bit in the middle thereof about half an inch deep and as wide as the diameter of the neck H of the screw E. This end of the bit is then bent down at right angles so as to enter the channel formed around the neck of the screw E will recede obliquely upward drawing with it the bit ; and by turning said screw in a contrary direction, or to the left, the screw and bit will descend obliquely in a contrary direction by which arrangment and mode of operation, the bite of the plane iron or bit may be increased or diminished at pleasure or adjusted with the greatest exactness without the use of wedges and mallet or hammer, and without moving the cap, the distance between the lower edge of the cap and the cutting edge of the bit being increased or diminished as the bite is increased or decreased. The cap and bit are otherwise made in the usual manner. Likewise the stock.

I am aware that a patent has been granted for a plane in which there is a piece of metal secured to the back part of the throat of the plane, to receive a screw, by which the bite of the bit is regulated, and I am also aware that a screw has been used for drawing cutting tools in and out at pleasure, to regulate the degree of bite, and therefore I do not claim these devices as my invention ; but

What I do claim as my invention and which I desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The arrangement herein described, by which the piece of metal at the backside of the throat, receives the screw that secures the cap C, embracing the bit D and also the set screw E, for the adjustment, and moving of the bit D, by which arrangement the said bit D can be set without moving the cap C as described.

LEVI SANFORD.

Witnesses:
EDWIN MAHER,
THOMAS WIBIRT.