Tag: Plane Improvements

No. 65,562 – Improvement In Joiners’ Planes (Arthur Gray) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”127″]65562

United States Patent Office.

ARTHUR GRAY, OF NAPLES, MAINE.

Letters Patent No. 65,562, dated June 11, 1867
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IMPROVEMENT IN JOINERS’ PLANES.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY OONCERN:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR GRAY, of Naples, in the county of Cumberland, and State of Maine, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others to make and use my invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 shows a side sectional elevation of a plane-stock with my improvement exhibited therein.

Figure 2 represents a front view of the baclcircn and the method of its attachment to the plane-stock.

Figure 3 represents a view of the clamping-iron with its staple.

Figure 4 is an end view of the same showing the thumb-screw.

My invention has relation to a new and more convenient method of securing the cutting-iron in an ordinary plane-stock.

a shows what I will term the back-iron, secured to the stock by the screw b, and having the projection c, which is somewhat within the aperture in the stock for the insertion of the cutter. Behind this projection is the small space d. e is the cutter, which is placed between the back-iron and the clamp h. The clamp holds the cutter as follows: k is a staple on the clamp, which staple passes under the projection c, as seen in the drawing. m is a thumb-screw. The cutter is placed on the back-iron a; over the cutter is then put the clamp h, with its staple k under the projection c; then turn the thumb-screw, and as the screw presses off the upper end of the clamp from the cutter it will bind the cutter at the lower end and be confined by the staple passing under the projection. Thus a simple arrangement is provided for holding the cutter. By turning out the screw the pressure of the clamp is relieved and the cutter can be removed or changed in position.

I do not claim the combination of an adjustable cap and a screw for the purpose of securing the bit, which bit is held by two screws, one on each side of the bit, as is exhibited in Letters Patent No. 10,748 to W. S. Loughborough, April 4, 1854. Neither do I claim the combination of a movable friction-plate-separate from the plane-iron, with the throat of the plane-stock, thc said plate being secured by a screw passing through it and the plane-iron, as seen in Patent No. 20,615, to L. Bailey, June 22, 1858.

I also disclaim one or more bearers, a clamp-lever, and a thumb-cam, as a means of fixing the plane-iron, adjusting the same in the stock, and removing it therefrom, seen in another patent to said Bailey, No. 21,311, August 31, 1858. Neither do I claim the combination of a cap and screw and two trunnions, fitting in adjustable bearings to hold the cutting-iron of a plane, as set forth in Letters Patent to Seth C. Howes, No. 37,694, February 17, 1863. These devices are different from mine in not having the clamp h, with its staple k, to operate in combination with the thumb-screw m and projection c on the bottom of the back-iron to confine the cutter.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination of the projection e, on the back-iron, with the staple k and thumb-screw m on the clamp, when arranged as and for the purpose set forth.

ARTHUR GRAY.

Witnesses:
WM. HENRY CLIFFORD,
HENRY C. HOUSTON.

No. 64,477 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Benjamin A. Blandin) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”125″]64477

United States Patent Office.

BENJAMIN A. BLANDIN, OF CHARLESTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 64,477, dated May 7, 1867

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IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that l, BENJAMIN A. BLANDIN, of Charlestown, in the county of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawings which accompany and form part of this specification, is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practise it.

The invention relates to the manner of securing and supporting a plane-iron in position, with reference to provision for adjusting the angle of the bit or cutter-iron or its extent of cutting action. ln certain bench-planes new in the market, having provision for clamping the iron in the stock by means of a clamp-lever, (as is shown, for instance, in United States Patents Nos. 20,615 and 21,311,) the iron is supported on a movable or rocking bed-piece pivoted to the stock at some distance above the mouth of the cutter, said bed-piece having a horizontal arm extending rearwards from it, through which arm a stationary vertical screw passes, upon which a nut works, so that when the cutter is clamped in position by the clamp-lever, the position or angle of the cutting edge of the bit may be adjusted to regulate the cut of the bit or the protrusion of the cutting edge from the face of the plane. The construction embraced in such tipping-bed, and in its connection with the plane-stock, is expensive, and the bed itself, not being supported below the pivots, trembles, and causes the cutting edge to chatter when the plane is being used. To cheapen the construction, and to so apply the bed that it is at all times supported directly above or adjacent to the mouth, are the objects of my invention, which invention consists in applying, in combination with the device by which the iron is clamped in the stock, a tipping or rocking bed-piece, the lower end of which is made convex on its under surface, such convexity resting in a cylindrical or concave depression or socket-seat in the stock, and the upper surface (at such lower end) having a plane face upon which the iron or cutter is supported, the rear end of the cutter straddling a screw, upon which the adjusting nut works, so that by screwing down said nut such rear end is depressed, tipping the lower end in its seat or socket, so as to diminish and regulate the angle and bite of the cutting edge of the iron.

The drawing represents a central section of a benclnplane embodying the invention.

a denotes the stock; b, the plane-iron or cutter; c, the cap; d, the clamp-lever. The cutter at the mouth e, and when introduced into the stock, rests on the incline f, and at the upper side of the throat of the stock on stops or ways g, (one on each side.) The clamp-lever slides under fulcrum-stops h, (one on each side,) its lower end bearing upon the cap, and so that by the action of a screw, i, or other suitable device, the cutter is clamped in the stock, as will be readily understood. Just in rear of the mouth e, a convex socket or depression, k, is formed in the stock, this socket serving as a seat for a rocking bed-piece, l, the front face an of which, when the cutter is introduced, is in the plane of the face f, against which the lower end of the cutter rests. The bed l has an arm, n, extending back from it, through a bifurcation, o, of which a stationary screw, p, extends, as seen in the drawings. A nut, q, works on this screw and against the arm n. When the cutter is introduced into the stock, this nut is turned back, so that the bed may be tipped in its socket to bring its face and the facefinto line, in which condition the cutting edge is protruded from the plane face for the maximum of cut desirable, and in this position the cutter is securely clamped. If now the nut q be turned down on its screw, it will bear upon the arm n, tipping or rolling the bed in its socket, and forcing the lower edge of the face in forwards, pressing up the cutting edge of the bit and lessening the cut, through all of which movement to the forcing of said edge in beyond the face of the plane, the part of the bed opposite to the bearing surface of the cutter thereupon is directly supported by the seat or socket k, such firm support being incapable of vibratory movement in itself, and preventing any vibrating or chattering movement in the cutter. The piece l is a simple casting, dropped into position when the cutter is to be introduced, requiring no fitting, and being very inexpensive, thereby rendering the construction embodying such means of adjustment very cheap, as well as very efficient and reliable.

I claim combining, with a mechanism for clamping a plane-iron in position, the rocking bed-piece l, supported and rolling in a concave seat, k, and serving to support and adjust the cutting edge of the plane-iron, substantially as set forth.

BENJN. A. BLANDIN.

Witnesses:
J. B. CROSBY,
F. GOULD.

No. 113,003 – Improvement In Plane-Stocks (Leonard Bailey) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”183″]113003

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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LEONARD BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-STOCKS.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 113,003, dated March 28, 1871.

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I, LEONARD BAILEY, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain Improvements in Flexible-Faced Plane-Stocks, of which the following is a specification:

My invention consists in the combination of the parts, as hereinafter described.

The accompanying drawing shows a side elevation, partly in section, of a plane-stock of my invention.

A designates the stock proper, which I prefer to make of cast metal; but it may be made of any suitable material. B designates the flexible face-plate, which is made of spring-steel, and secured to the under side of the stock A, near the center of its length, by screws or rivets, in the ordinary manner.

At each end of the face-plate B is secured an arm, a a’, connected thereto by means of a suitable hinge, b b’. The arms a a’ pass through the rocking shafts c c’, which shafts are pivoted in each end of the stock A, in such manner as to easily rock or partially rotate.

By means of the set-screw d (shown at the left in the drawing) the arm a may be secured firmly in the rocking shaft c; or, if desired, the arm a’ may be threaded and held in place by a nut, d’, upon each side of the rocking shaft, as shown at the right in the drawing.

The peculiar mechanism employed to secure or fasten the arms a a’ in the rock-shafts c is immaterial to my invention. Each end of the stock A is made hollow or open, to allow free play to the arms af a a’.

The broken lines in the drawing indicate the position of the arms a a’ and faceplate B, with the latter bent into a concave form.

By releasing the set-screw d, so as to allow the arm a, to pass freely through the rocking shaft c, the ends of the face-plate B may be bent upward, forming the latter into a convex form.

The movement of either arm a a’, in passing through the shaft c causes said shaft to rock on its pivots, when the end n, of such arm a a’ moves in an inward as well as upward direction, and rests (when the ends of the face-plate B are bent upward to their full capacity) in the hollow of the stock A, as shown in the drawing.

The face-plate B may be set with its ends at any point between the two positions herein shown.
I claim as my invention —

In a flexible-faced plane-stock, substantially as described, the rocking shaft c c, pivoted in the stock A, and receiving the arms a, a’ of the face-plate B, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
CHAS. L. MEAD.

No. 121,406 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Sidney W. Palmer And Elliot G. Storke) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”189″]121406

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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SIDNEY W. PALMER AND ELLIOT G. STORKE, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK,
ASSIGNORS TO WILLIAM J. MOSES, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 121,406, dated November 28, 1871.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SIDNEY W. PALMER and ELLIOT G. STORKE, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga and in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan view of our improved plane. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same on the line x x of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section on the line z z of Fig. 2.

Letters of like name and kind refer to like parts in each of the figures.

Our invention is an improvement in that class of bench-planes having metallic stocks; and it consists, principally, in the employment upon the lower side of the pivoted cap of a central rib extending the whole length of said cap, substantially as and for the purposes hereinafter shown. It consists, further, in a cap pivoted at or near its center transversely to the stock, substantially as and for the purpose hereinafter set forth. It consists, further, in the construction of the bearings upon which the heel of the bit rests, substantially as and for the purpose hereinafter specified. It consists, further, in the relative arrangement of the bearings for the heel of the bit with those employed for the body of the same, substantially as hereinafter shown and described. It consists, finally, in the combination of the above-named bearings with the center pivoted cap, substantially as and for the purpose hereinafter set forth.

In the annexed drawing, A represents the name or stock, provided at either side with an upward-projecting flange, B, for inclosing and supporting the cap, and having near its forward end a suitable transverse opening, C, ibr the reception ef the lower or cutting end of the bit, which opening is made variable in width by means of a plate, D, that corresponds in width to the length thereof, and sliding longitudinally within a recess formed in the face of the stock, is secured in position, when adjusted, by means of a screw which projects upward through a longitudinal slot within said stock, and is provided upon its upper end with a nut, E. Secured within or upon the upper end of the nut E is a wooden knob, E’, within which is in turn secured a metallic stud or start-pin, e, the upper end of which is considerably enlarged so as to enable it to resist a blow from a hammer when it is desired to start back the bit. Projecting vertically upward from the stock A, near its longitudinal center, is a diaphragm, F, which from the upper edges of the flanges B curves inward and upward and terminates in two lugs, f separated by means of a notch, f’, upon which, when in position, the body of the bit G rests. The notch f’ is deepened sufficiently to permit of the passage of the screw g’ of the cap G’, by which means less space vertically is required for the removal of the bit than would otherwise be the case. At a short distance in rear of the opening C are placed two other lugs, H, which correspond in width and relative transverse position with those above described, and furnish a bearing for the heel of the bit. It will be readily seen that being supported at but two points midway between its transverse center and edges the bit must invariably have a firm bearing, however unequal its thickness or uneven its heel. Pivoted to and within the upper edges of the flanges B is a cap, I, having the usual curved form and provided at and through its upper and rear end with a suitable set-screw, K. Instead of the usual transverse rib for the reception of the pivot-rod L, a longitudinal rib, M, extends through the center of the cap, and not only contains said rod, but also strengthens said cap and enables other portions ofthe same to be made much lighter than would otherwise be practicable.

By making the opening through the rib M for the passage of the pivotal rod L slightly larger than said rod the cap will be enabled to adjust itself vertically to the bit, however unequal in thickness the same may be at its lower end. Another advantage possessed by the longitudinal rib is that it not only offers no obstruction to the center of the bit, but rather furnishes a guide for the same, while in caps where the transverse rib is employed great care is required in inserting the bit to avoid hitting said rib with the same and injuring its cutting-edge.

Having thus fully set forth the nature and merits of our invention, what we claim as new is —

1. In metallic bench or other planes a pivoted cap, provided upon its lower side with a central longitudinal rib, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. The cap I, pivoted loosely at or near its transverse center, substantially as and for the purpose shown.

3. The arrangement of the lugs or bearings H upon the stock A, substantially as shown and for the purpose described.

4. The stock A, provided with the bearings H and f arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In combination with the bearings H and f and a suitable bit, the cap I, pivoted at or near its transverse center, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing we have hereunto set our hands this 10th day of August, 1871.

ELLIOT G. STORKE.
SIDNEY W. PALMER.

Witnesses:
HORACE T. COOK,
JAY E. STORKE.

No. 122,339 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Charles E. Torrance) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”190″]122339

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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CHARLES E. TORRANCE, OF HOLYOKE, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 122,339, dated January 2, 1872.

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To all whom it may concern:

I, CHARLES E. TORRANCE, of Holyoke, Hampden county, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Nature and Objects of the Invention.

My invention relates to the combination, with the bed piece and cutters of a metal plane, of two spurs or projections proceeding from the inner sides of the bed piece in front of the cap piece of the plane-iron, for the purpose of acting as a fulcrum; of a surface inclining from the rear side of the plane-iron within the bed piece tor the purpose of acting as a bearing for a wedge; and of a wedge extending across the plane-iron, also within the bed piece, and for the purpose of being inserted between the inclined surface behind the plane-iron and the plane-iron itself, to enable the size ofthe shaving to be regulated by the adjustment of the plane and cap-irons within the mouth of the plane; the object of my invention being to enable the construction of metal planes to be so simplified that when the bed piece is cast the addition of a wooden wedge is all that is needed to enable the cutters, when inserted, to be quickly and firmly adjusted to any bite.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a side sectional view; Fig. II, a vertical cross-section on the line x y; and Fig. III, a view of the wedge.

General Description.

D is the bed piece, cast in one piece with the projections A A opposite each other at points upon the inner sides of the bed piece, so that the cap-iron J bears against them near the upper end of its curve, and when the pressure needed for the most advantageous working of the plane-iron H can be obtained by the insertion or withdrawal of the wedge B. Cast also upon the bed piece are the surfaces C C, raised from the inner sides, as shown in Fig. I, and extending sufficiently far to enable the wedge to be accessible for adjustment. The sides of these upon which the wedge B slides are deflected from the inner side of the plane-iron to assist the action of the wedge. The stock in the base of the bed piece is made thicker on the inner face of the mouth to form the bearing b, which rises in contact with the inner surface of the plane-iron to hold the same when the cap-iron is compressed by the insertion of the wedge, and the point of contact between the bearing b and plane-iron H being below the projections A A the insertion of the wedge acts to compress the toes of the two irons H and J, and vary their points of contact, while both are securely braced against all possibility of buckling or rising from their bed. The wedge B, which I prefer to make of wood, as being lighter than metal and less apt to slip or slide upon a metal surface, is formed as shown in Fig. III, so as to, for convenience, constitute two wedges connected by a handle easily grasped.

There is nothing new in my plane in either the cutters, handle, or the knob; but by my improvements the cost of manufacture is reduced more than one-half, and a simple and effective tool is made that cannot get out of order, and having for its only detachable parts the wedge and the irons.

New having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

Claim.

In combination with the irons J and H, and cast-iron bed-plate D with its bearing surfaces c c and b, the projections A A cast upon the bed-plate and wedge B, the parts being constructed and arranged as shown and described.

CHARLES E. TORRANCE.

Witnesses:
R. F. HYDE,
E. N. SMITH.

No. 114,590 – Improvement In Stops For Carpenters’ Plows (Thomas Nichols) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”185″]114590

United States Patent Office.

THOMAS NICHOLS, OF VICKSBURG. MISSISSIPPI.

Letters Patent No. 114,590, dated May 9, 1871.
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IMPROVEMENT IN STOPS FOR CARPENTERS’ PLOWS.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

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I, THOMAS NICHOLS, of Vicksburg, in the county of Warren and State of Mississippi, have invented certain Improvements in Stops for Wood-Plows, of which the following is a specification.

Nature and Objects of the Invention.

My invention relates to the combination of a thumb-nut and screw with a stop in such a manner that the said stop may be retained in any desired position, the object of this part of my invention being to set the stop so as to plane a groove of any desired depth.

Description of the Accompanying Drawing.

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine embodying my invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same.

General Description.

A is a block intended to represent the wood part of a plow.
B is the stop, which should be made of brass or other metal, and is held in position by the screw D, from which latter, by means of the flat part on top, the stop is elevated or depressed; and when adjusted so as to regulate the depth of groove to he planed it can be securely fastened in that position by tightening up the thumb-nut E, which is made to turn independent of the screw D.

F is a collar secured to the screw D by means of peg G, which keeps it firmly in its place.

Claim.

I claim as my invention —

The combination, with the thumb-nut E and screw D, of the collar F and stop B, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

THOMAS NIGHOLS. [L. S.]

Witnesses:
Z. P. DEDERICK,
H. N. MARTIN.

No. 119,133 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Henry N. Frederick) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”187″]119133

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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HENRY N. FREDERICK, OF HANCOCK, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 119,133, dated September 19, 1871.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY N. FREDERICK, of Hancock, in the county of Delaware and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Carpenters’ Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing forming part of this specification.

Figure 1 represents a side view, partly in section, of my improved carpenters’ plane. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section of the same taken on the plane of the line c c, Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

My invention consists in the improvement of carpenters’ planes, as hereinafter described and subsequently pointed out in the claim.

A, in the drawing, represents the block or frame of a carpenter’s plane. B is the planing-iron. The face of the iron has a toothed portion, a, into which mesh the teeth of a segment, C. This segment is formed at the lower end of a lever, D, that turns on a pin, b, whose bearings are in the sides of the plane. By swinging the lever D on its pivot, the iron B will be set up or down, as may be desired. E is a slotted lever pivoted to the plane A. By means of a thumb-screw, d, fitting through the lever E into D, the latter can be clamped to lock the iron B in any suitable position. Other means for thus securing the lever D and iron, may, however, be substituted for lever E and screw d.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The toothed segment C pivoted to the plane A, and combined with the iron B, which has the toothed portion a, substantially as herein shown and described.

HENRY N. FREDERICK.

Witnesses:
M. D. WHEELER,
MILO SCUTT.

No. 114,613 – Improvement In Planes (James K. P. Smith) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”186″]114613

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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JAMES K. P. SMITH, OF JEFFERSONVILLE, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR T0 HIMSELF
AND L. S. SHULER, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 114,613, dated May 9, 1871.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES K. P. SMITH, of Jeffersonville, in the county of Clark and State of Indiana, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in joiners’ planes; and it consists in an improved arrangement of screw clamping and setting apparatus and a metal casting fitted in a socket in the wood stock behind the throat for clamping the plane-bit against, after setting, to hold it firmly, and for the support of the adjusting-screw, all as hereinafter described.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the casting. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a part of the clamping apparatus.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

A represents two vertical plates, joined by the cross-bar B and the top plate, C. Said plates have the front ends inclined in the same angle the plane-bit D is to be set in, and these ends have rabbets E for the plane-bit to rest in at each edge. This casting is a little wider than the plane-bit, and not quite as deep as the height of the wood stock F. It is let into a deep recess, G, behind the throat H, so that the top plate, which is wider than the recess, will rest at the projecting edges on the top of the stock F to be screwed down to it.

The end of plate C toward the plane-bit has a boss, I, perpendicular to the line of the plane-bit, for the support of the adjusting-screw K, for setting the bit, which screw is fitted in a hole through said boss, and provided with a collar, L, which, together with the head of said screw, prevents end movement. This screw works in a stud, M, projecting from the back of the plane-bit, for adjusting the latter.

N represents clamping-bars, pivoted to the prongs O of a yoke, P, at the insides of said arms near the ends, to be clamped against the front side of the plane-bit for pressing the latter against the ends of plates by the clamping-screw Q, screwing through the end R of said yoke, and extending rearward through the end of the planestock, where it is provided with a thumb-bit, S, for turning the screw. The said arms O work in slots T in the ends ot’ the plates A, and extend beyond the edges ofthe plane-bit for holding the bars N against the front side. The said bars are pivoted to the arms for allowing them to bear fair upon the plane-bit.

The inner end of the screw has a bearing in the cross-bar B, which has a socket, T, made for it. The said screw, being turned by the thumb-bit S to draw the yoke toward the rear, will clamp the plane-bit firmly against the ends of the plates, as clearly shown, and being turned the other way releases it.

To remove the plane-bit the clamp is released as much as it can readily be, and the bit forced down by screw K till stud M is disengaged; then the upper end of the bit is tilted forward to clear the stud M from the lower end of screw K, when the bit may be lifted out.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. The combination, with the plane-bit and the wood stock, of the casting A B C, yoke P, clamps N, and clamping-screw Q, all substantially as specified.

2. The combination, with the above, of the adjusting-screw K, substantially as specified.

JAMES K. P. SMITH.

Witiiesses:
HENRY B. DIBBLE,
JNO. W. SULLIVAN.

No. 122,609 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Henry A. Holt) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”191″]122609

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY A. HOLT, OF WILTON, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 122,609, dated January 9, 1872.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY A. HOLT, of Wilton, in the county of Hillsborough and State of New Hampshire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 represents a central longitudinal section of an ordinary bench~plane containing my improvement. Figs.2 and 3 represent the improvement detached from the plane. Fig. 4 represents, also, a section of a plane and certain modifications of my invention.

This invention relates to certain improvements in the bench-planes used by carpenters and other wood workers, whereby the face of the plane is slightly elevated above the material being planed, to prevent dragging the iron and dulling its cutting-edge when drawing the plane backward.

This invention consists of a spring, actuated and yielding disk or plate g, applied to the face of the plane and projecting a little beyond its surface and actuated by a spring, f to press the disk outward and hold the face of the plane a little above the surface of the material being reduced. The apparatus may be applied either back of the iron or forward ofthe iron, as shown in the drawing.

In the said drawing, A represents the plane-stock or wood provided with the usual plane-bit B and a wedge, C, or other device for holding the bit or plane-iron. At any convenient distance, either forward or back of the cutting-edge of the bit, a metal flange, b, is inserted in the face of the plane, either on a line with its face surface or a little beyond it, as shown, and this flange b is fastened to the plane-stock generally by screws. The flange b has a central opening, and above this is a bail or brace, d, rising from the flange. The disk or plate g is applied within the flange b, fitting loosely in the aperture. A stem or spindle, n, rises above the plate, and its upper end is furnished with a nut, e, or other equivalent means for adjusting the plate, between which and the under side ofthe bail or stirrup d I apply a spring, f, which may be adjusted or regulated to produce the desired downward pressure upon the disk, and keep it beyond the face of the plane, the face of the disk being somewhat rounded to prevent its edge catching in the wood. Instead of applying the adjusting nut e at the top of the stem this nut may be applied near the roots of the stem above the plate g’, and the spring f applied between the top of the nut and the under side of the stirrup; but in this case the stirrup should be contracted or the sides brought nearer together above the plate, so as to hold the nut when turning the disk to adjust its surface to and beyond the face of the plane. In Figs. 1 and 3 I have shown a disk having a rim-ratchet, S, and arms it for adjusting the plate.

The above-named parts may be employed or dispensed with. They are useful at times, but as at present advised they are not a necessity.

Instead of the parts previously described the flange b may be constructed in a more elongated form, and the disk or plate pressed downward by a flat spring, f1, engaging with the stem of the disk, or by a coiled stirrup-spring, ff2, as shown in Fig. 4, the disk being provided on its upper side with projecting lugs a or a flange to prevent its being pressed too far beyond the surface of the plane.

It will be observed that the flange b is adjustable to the face of the plane or beyond it by rubber washers, k, applied between the flange and the plane wood, and generally around the holding-screws, which confine the flange to the plane-stock, and these elastic washers provide for the easy and quick adjustment of the flange whenever desired, while the disk or plate g is as easily adjusted by turning it any part or the whole of a revolution with a screw-driver inserted in a nick, c’, in the face thereof.

I claim as my invention —

1. The combination of the yielding disk or plate g and its actuating spring L arranged upon a flange, b, or other support, the spring operating to press the disk outward and hold the face ofthe plane above the surface of the material, in the manner and for the purpose specified.

2. The elastic washers it and adjusting-screws in combination with and making the flange b adjustable to the face of the plane, in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

HENRY A. HOLT.

Witnesses:
WM. EMERSON,
C. P. EMERSON.

No. 126,519 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Orril R. Chaplin) (1872)

[paiddownloads id=”193″]126519

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ORRIL R. CHAPLIN, OF BOSTON, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND CHARLES H.
BALLARD, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 126,519, dated May 7, 1872.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

I, ORRIL R. CHAPLIN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Joiners’ and Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, is a specification:

Nature anal Objects of the Invention.

My invention relates, in the first place, to the means employed to secure the cutter to the stock and to adjust the same when so secured, and is more particularly applicable to planes the stocks of which are made wholly or in part of metal; and it consists in the employment of a saddle or rest-plate which forms the bearing for the upper portion of the cutter, and to which it is secured by the clamping device, said saddle being secured to the plane-stock by a single screw passing through a slot in the saddle and so adjusted that the saddle may be moved endwise to adjust the “tooth” of the cutter, as will be described. It also consists in the use of a screw cam-lever, the thread of which works in a half-nut formed upon or secured to the under side of the saddle or cutter for the purpose of adjusting the cutter to give the desired “tooth” to the same. It also consists in the use of a clamping-plate provided with a lug on either side thereof projecting downward, each terminating with a hook at its lower end, which engages with the under side of the saddle and acts as a fulcrum for the clamping-plate when the screw in its upper end is operated to bind the cutter, saddle, and clamping-plate together.

My invention relates, in the second place, to the construction of the cutter and cap; and it consists in the use, as a substitute tor the ordinary cap now in general use on all plane-irons or cutters for dressing hard wood or cross-grained stock, of a short plate of metal secured loosely by its middle to the lower end of the clamping-plate by two or more rivets, said plate being so formed that it can only bear upon the cutter at its upper and lower edges, and the clamping-plate being so formed that it can bear upon said plate at or near its middle only in a line across its width, said plate being so secured to the clamp that it is susceptible of a slight rocking motion, so that it may accommodate itself to the surface of the cutter. By the use of this combined clamp-plate and cap, the lower edge of which is of the proper form and adjusted to the proper point to serve all the purposes of the common cap of a double plane-iron or cutter, I am enabled to use a plain cutter-iron without slots or holes of any kind, thus reducing the cost of the cutter, and also the weight of the plane.

My invention relates, in the third place, to the means employed to reduce the adhesion of the plane-stock to the material being dressed; and it consists in perforating the race of the plane-stock with a series of holes, thereby reducing the area of the stock exposed to atmospheric pressure.

Description of the Drawing.

Figure 1 is a plan of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a side elevation; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section on line x x on Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a section on line z z on Fig. 2, looking toward the throat otf the plane. Figs. 5 and 6 are details of the saddle, and Fig. 7 is a plan of the cutter.

General Description

A is the plane-stock made of metal; B, the handle; and C, a knob on the forward end upon which to rest the left hand while operating it. The handle B and knob C are secured to the metallic stock by means of the screw-bolts a and b, respectively. Upon the upper side of the stock, just in the rear of the throat c, is cast a boss, D, sloping backward toward the handle at about the same angle that it is desirable to give to the cutter, to the upper side of which is secured the saddle E by the screw d passing through the slot e without bringing the head to bear upon the saddle so as to bind it to the stock. The saddle E is provided with a shoulder, e’, on either side, against which the lugs on the clamp, to be described, strike to determine the position of the clamp in an obvious manner. F is the cutter made of the form shown in Fig. 7, the upper or rear portion being made narrower than the cutting end to facilitate the application and removal of the clamp, and also to allow play for adjusting the cutting-edge square with the face of the stock at the throat if the cutter should not be ground perfectly square. G is the clamp, provided at about the middle of its length with two lugs, f f, (one on either side,) projecting downward and terminating in hooks f’ f” upon their inner faces, as shown in Fig. 4. The clamp G is also provided at its upper-end with a thumb-screw, H, by which it is secured in place, as will be presently explained. To the under side of the lower end of the clamp is riveted loosely the plate g, the lower end of the clamp being so formed as to rest upon the plate near its middle without touching at any other point, and the plate g being so fitted that it is susceptible of a slight rocking motion. This plate serves the purpose of the ordinary cap upon a double plane-iron or cutter, the clamp and this plate combined serving the double purpose of clamp and cap with less cost to manufacture, less trouble to adjust and less weight to handle than by the use of the old style double-iron. To the upper or rear end of the boss D is pivoted the lever I by means of the pin h. The hub of the lever I is partially surrounded by the segments of screw-threads s s, which work in the half-nut i upon the under side of the saddle E, and by a movement of the lever I to the right the cutter is forced outward, and if the lever be moved to the left the cutter will be drawn in in an obvious manner. The face of the plane-stock is perforated with a series of holes, as seen at n n n in Fig. 3, for the purpose of reducing the area exposed to the pressure of the atmosphere.

It has been a serious objection to metallic plane-stocks as heretofore constructed that, owing to the more nearly perfect surfaces of their faces, the pressure of the atmosphere upon their upper surfaces, when working upon stock planed to nearly the same level surface, causes an adhesion of the plane to the wood, which materially increases the labor of operating it, especially when using a jointer or large plane. This difliculty is not so serious with wooden plane-stocks, for the simple reason that they are seldom so true but that more or less air is between the plane-stock and the material being worked. By perforating the face of the plane the pressure is reduced just in proportion to the area removed by the perforations without injuring the face of the plane for any practical purpose.

The operation of my improvement is as follows: The saddle E is secured to the stock, as shown, by means of the screw d, the under side of the head being at such a point that when the saddle is brought to bear against it the top of the saddle shall be slightly below the inclined surface in the stock of the plane just in the rear of the throat, so as to insure a good bearing of the cutter at its extreme lower end to prevent. it from chattering. The lever I is then moved to the left, the cutter placed in position on the saddle, and the combined clamp and cap is slipped down over the cutter and saddle till the lugs f f come in contact with the shoulders e’ e’ upon the saddle. The plane is then taken in the left hand, with the thumb pressing upon the clamp to hold it in position, and the edge of the cutter is adjusted to the cap, when the thumb-screw H is operated, which forces the cutter down upon the upper end of the saddle, and, forcing the half-nut upon its under side down upon the screw-cam on the hub of the lever I and acting upon that as a fulcrum, lifts the lower end of the saddle hard against the head of the screw d, thus holding the saddle rigidly in its place, and as the lower end of the saddle is still slightly below the incline upon which the lower end of the cutter rests, the clamp, acting upon the hooks f’ f’ as a fulcrum, forces the lower end of the cutter firmly onto its seat.

To adjust the “tooth” of the cutter to take a thick chip, move the lever I to the right hand, and to take a thin chip move it to the left hand.

Having thus described my invention, I do not claim anything contained in the patent No. 64,790, granted to Nelson Palmer, May 14, 1867, for “Bench-Plane;” but

What I claim as new, and desire to secure hy Letters Patent of the United States, is as follows:

1. In combination with the saddle E, provided with the slot e and the half-nut i, and secured to the plane-stock by the screw d, I claim the cam-lever I, constructed and operating substantially as described.

2. The clamp G, provided with the lugs f fand hooks f’ f’, in combination with the saddle E, having the shoulders e’ e’ thereon, for determining the position of the clamp, substantially as described.

3. I do not claim broadly a cap-plate attached to the clamp instead of the bit or cutter, for I am aware that that has been done before; but I claim the cap-plate g, made of the form shown and secured by its middle to the clamp G, by being loosely riveted thereto in such a manner that it may be free to accommodate itself to the surface of the cutter upon which it bears at its upper and lower edges, substantially as described.

4. The combination and arrangement of the screw cam-lever I, the saddle E, the cutter F, the clamp G, and the cap-plate g, all constructed, applied, and operated substantially as herein described.

Executed at Boston this 14th day of February, 1871.

ORRIL R. CHAPLIN.

Witnesses:
CHARLES H. BALLARD,
N. C. LOMBARD.

No. 112,218 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (James Raymond Brown And William Brown) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”180″]112218

United States Patent Office.

JAMES RAYMOND BROWN AND WILLIAM BROWN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 112,218, dated February 28, 1871.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To all to whom these presents shall come:

Be it known that we, JAMES RAYMOND BROWN and WILLIAM BROWN, subjects of the Kingdom of Great Britain, at present residing at Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, United States of America, have made an invention of a new and useful Carpenters’ Combination Plane; and do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, due reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a plan;
Figures 2 and 3 are side elevations;
Figure 4, an end elevation; and
Figures 5 and 6, vertical and transverse sections of an implement embodying our improvements.

We have in the combination instrument herein expiained combined together elementary features susceptible of performing the functions for which several independent tools are now required, the advantages which we gain from such a combination being a considerable. economy in the use of space required to deposit tools of this nature, whether a carpenter’s chest in transportation or on sale in stores, or in use in a shop, and enabling a mechanic to obtain, at small comparative cost, and in a compact and efficient form, the substitutes for several classes of planes.

We have embraced in the combination about to be explained devices for rebating lumber for the manufacture of doors and for various other purposes; also devices which constitute a matching-plane for operating upon and preparing boards of various dimensions, and, finally, devices for plowing a cross-groove, the latter constituting one side of the matching-plane, and the whole operating as hereinafter explained.

The drawing accompanying this specification and illustrating our invention, represents, at A, a rebating-plane, substantially of ordinary construction, with the exception that the handle as ordinarily used is omitted, and in place thereof an upright arched standard, B, is employed, this standard being erected upon the base-plate C of the plane, and parallel to the longest axis of the same. This arched standard serves not only as a handle to operate the rebating-plane when the latter is used independent of the combination, but to some extent to serve as a support to the other members of such combination, and especially when the combined implement is not in use.

The arched standard is formed with a diagonal bar, D, sloping rearward, which serves as a bed for the “plane-iron,” which is shown at E as essentially of ordinary form, such iron being clamped to the bed by means of the bolt F, which passes through an orifice in the latter and also through along slot in the iron, the head of this bolt bearing upon the outer face of such iron, while its shank protrudes through the bed D, and immediately at the rear side of the latter is pivoted to the forward end of a cam-block, G, to the rear end of which a turn-button, H, is, in turn, pivoted, the pivot of the former being horizontal, while that of the latter is vertical.

The advance end of the block G is eccentric with its fulcrurn a, and is otherwise so arranged that upon forcing the block to a horizontal position, or there-abouts, the head of the bolt F is drawn forcibly upon the plane-iron, and serves to clamp the latter very securely to its bed, the block G being retained in this position by means of a series of saw-teeth, b b, &c., formed upon the rear limb of the arched standard B, and into one of the notches of which the turn-button H is forced.

Upon elevating the block G- its cam, c, will abut against a projecting stud, d, disposed below it and formed upon the rear side of the bed D, and will lift the bolt F and force its head from off the iron E, retaining it in such position while the iron is being removed from or applied to its place, and in this respect is a matter of great convenience to the user.

The bed-plate C of the plane A is formed with an upright lip or ledge, I, upon one side, which extends its whole length, this ledge serving as a “fence” to the matching-plane, to be hereinafter referred to, while to the under side of the said bed-plate C we apply a second fence or long right-angular plate, J, in such manner that while it is retained at all times parallel to the fence I and the longest plane of the bed-plate, it may be moved to and fro of the under side thereof in order to vary and determine the width of the rebate cut by the iron E, the addition of this fence J to the plane A converting it into a species of plane called “filister”-planes, or those in which the width of the rebate is governed at pleasure.

To enable this adjustment of the fence J to be easily and expeditiously effected, we pivot each end ot the same, by means of clamp-screws f f to the free end of a vibrating arm or carrier, g, which is applied to the upper part of the bed-plate C and pivoted to the same in immediate proximity to the ledge or fence I, the clamp-screws f f playing in segmental slots h h, cut through the plate C on a line concentric with the pivots of the arms g g.

By partially rotating the two arms g g the fence J is forced toward or away from the fence I, in a plane parallel thereto, while the screws f f, or their equivalents, serve to securely clamp such fence to the bed-plate of the plane.

The member of the combination instrument for performing the functions of plowing a cross-groove and for “matching stuff” is represented at k as composed of an upright wooden beam, L, to the rear end of which a handle, M, is applied in the ordinary manner of matching-planes.

The iron of the plane K is represented at N, and the sword of the same at O, being applied and disposed substantially as now and heretofore practiced in planes of this nature.

The “depth-gauge” of the beam L is represented in the drawing at P as applied to the under side thereof and in advance of its iron N, the relative position of this gauge or its distance from the beam being regulated by a screw, Q, which passes through the latter and is connected with it in at proper manner.

The gauge R determines the depth ofthe cut effected by the iron K, whether the latter be at work as a member of a filister-plane or in grooving the edge of a board or plank.

The scoring-knife or “spur,” which prepares the way for the knife N, is shown at R as inserted within a vertical orifice formed in the beam L, a long slot, S, being cut through the body of such spur, through which a cylindrical stud, T, passes, this stud, in turn, constituting part of a male screw, U, which is screwed into the body of the beam L, and so as to intercept such slot, the said slot T furthermore extending into a recess bored in the end of a second male screw, V, which is screwed into the beam and in axial alignment with the former, the conjoint function of the two screws U and V being to tightly clamp the spur R at any desired depth.

W in the annexed drawing represents a second “depth-gauge,” applied to the beam L in manner and relative position similar to that of the gauge P, the said gauge W serving to govern the depth of cut effected by the iron N, whether the same be employed for ordinary plowing or matching purposes, and also to govern the depth of an additional iron, which, under some circumstances, is brought into action in combination with the former, as hereinafter explained.

The member or plane K formed and equipped as last explained, is combined with the before-described rebating-plane A in a detachable manner, as follows:

A horizontal tubular support, X, is passed through the body of the beam L, and at the extreme rear upper part of the same, such support X projecting at right angles to the length of the beam and nesting in a concave bracket or shelf, Y, extending laterally from or making part of the arched standard B, hereinbefore mentioned as constituting part of the rebating-plane A, the tubular support or rod X being securely attached to the shelf Y by means of several partitubular or segmental plates k k, which partially circumscribe its periphery, and which, in conjunction with the shelf Y, inclose it, a male screw being cut about the circurnference of the conjoint sleeve thus produced, upon which screw a tubular and slightly-tapering nut, on, is screwed, and a chuck, n, acquired which tightly embraces the said support X.

While, then, the chuck n serves to firmly confine together or unite the two planes A and K, a means must be provided for adjusting the relative distance intervening between the two, as the fence I of the former performs a like function for the latter when plowing a groove in matching stuff. To accomplish this end I more the tubular support X to and fro upon the shelf Y as follows:

A tubular stud, p, is erected upon the bottom of such shelf and extends into the bore of the said support X, a long channel or slot, q, being out through the under side of the latter for reception of the stud and to permit the necessary lateral traverse of the support upon the shelf.

A long and attenuated male screw, r, is passed loosely through the bore of the support X and screws through the stud p, this screw being secured against endwise movement within the support by having a head upon each end, substantially as shown in fig. 5 of the accompanying drawing.

Revolutions of the screw p in either direction will induce traverse movements of the plane K toward or away from the plane A, the chuck n being; loosened to permit of this movement, and when the desired relative position is acquired, tightened, to insure a rigid and inseparable union of the two planes.

A second support, for aiding in the correct and stable connection of the two planes is shown at s in the drawing as a horizontal rod, projecting laterally from one side of the beam L and parallel to the tubular support X before mentioned, the rod s passing through a bearing, t, formed in the upper forward part of the arched standard B, and being conlined therein by a set-screw, as represented.

The last-remaining feature or member of the combination instrument we are describing is shown in the drawing at A’, and consists of a variable or adjustable plate, carrying a third knife or iron B’, to which brief allusion has herein before been made, the said plate serving as a sword to the plane K when the latter is engaged in matching stuff. The plate A is flat, and is applied flatwise to the outer or right side of the beam L, and is, in general form, a sector of a circular plate.

The apex of the sectoral plate A’ is swiveled to the beam L and plays upon or about a journal, w’, making part of the outer end of the rod s hereinbefore named as partially supporting the plane K, a suitable milled head or rosette, x, being affixed to the extreme outer end of said journal, by means of which the plate is clamped to the rod.

This rod s is formed with a small screw, y, which screws through the beam L; consequently rotations of said roll will compel endwise movements of the sword or plate A’ and its iron B’ toward or away from the beam L and its cutting-iron N.

The rear corner of the sword or plate A’ is pivoted and vibrates upon a lateral stud, a’, projecting from the side of the beam L, as shown in fig. 5 of the drawing. When the sword is not wanted for actual use, it is partially turned upon its pivot a’, which elevates it to a suflicient extent, and it is confined in either this or its working position by the milled head or nut x before referred to.

It sometimes becomes desirable to change the lateral position of the iron N of the matching-plane K, or to so force it inward that it shall not protrude beyond the outer face of the sword O.

The back of the said iron N is scored with two grooves, c’ d’, as shown in fig. 9 of the drawing, into one of which the adjacent edge of the sword O enters and confines it against lateral misplacement. The central groove, c’, is the one which insures the fixture of the iron in its normal working position, while the outer groove, d’, is so situated as to force the iron inward to such an extent that no part thereof shall protrude beyond the face of the sword.

By detaching the plane A from the plane K two independent planes are left, one a rebating-plane and the other a matching-plane. While united each one serves as a member of a combination instrument for performing certain work, which either can execute singly.

Claims.

1. The combination of the two planes A and K and the sectoral plate or sword A’, under the arrangement and for operation essentially as herein set forth.

2. The combination, with the two planes A K, of the tubular support X, the screw r contained in the same, the shelf y, and the stud p, said. parts being arranged for joint operation, as herein shown and set forth.

3. The chuck n, constructed substantially as herein explained, in combination with the tubular support X, screw r, and shelf y, for the purposes stated.

4. The combination of the bar or rest D, the slot F, cam-block G, rack b, and iron E, the whole operating as herein explained.

5. The mode herein described of attaching the scoring-spur R to the beam L, the same consisting of the two screws U and V, formed and applied substantially as before set forth.

6. The combination, with the plane A, of the fence J, applied to the under side of the bed-plate, and the arms g, located on the upper side of said plate and hinged both to the plane and fence, for operation substantially as shown and set forth.

7. In combination with a matching-plane, an adjustable plate so made as to constitute a sword to such plane, and a carrier for the additional or second cutting-iron thereof, for purposes stated.

8. An adjustable plate, which combines a fence and iron-carriage so applied to the plane-beam as to be enabled to raise and lower the same from or into action, for purposes stated.

9. The combination of the planes A K, the beam L, the rod or screw S, and the adjustable sword or plate A, under the arrangement herein shown and set forth.

JAMES RAYMOND BROWN.
WILLIAM BROWN.

Witnesses:
FRED. CURTIS,
E. GRIFFITH.

No. 112,062 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (William Miller) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”179″]112062

United States Patent Office.

WILLIAM MILLER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF
AND C. E. WOODMAN, OF SAME PLACE.

Letters Patent No. 112,062, dated February 21, 1871.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

I, WILLIAM MILLER, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my invention;
Figure 2 is a side elevation of’ the same; and
Figure 3, a detached view of a modification.

The object of this invention is to enable a carpenter’s plane to be operated at a greater distance from the workmen than the length of his arm, as in planing floors, ceilings, &c.; and It consists of a metallic yoke, pivoted to the plane, and provided with rollers and a projecting finger, and pivoted to a long staff or handle, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

In the drawing —

A represents the plane, on the side of which are the vertical flanges B.
C represents a yoke, which is pivoted to the flanges B by screws D.
The upper portion of yoke C is provided with lugs E and projection F, to the latter of which is attached a spring or finger, H.
The ends of yoke C are provided with rollers, I.
J represents a long handle or staff, which is pivoted at one end to lugs E.

When a forward motion is imparted to the plane A through handle J, the upper portion of yoke C is pushed forward, causing the finger H to bear firmly downward on the forward portion of the plane A, as shown in fig. 1, which places rollers I in such position that their lower edges are flush with the bottom of plane A. The plane is thus caused to operate as effectively as if in the hands of the workman, the finger H holding the foremost end down to its work, which finger, being slightly elastic, does not hold it too firmly.

The plane being drawn backward, the finger H is lifted from the plane, and the rollers I are brought downward until one side of yoke C comes in contact with the projecting pin m, which holds the same in the position shown in fig. 2, the rollers I projecting below the plane A, and slightly raising the same as it is being drawn backward, and protecting the cutting-iron when not in use.

The finger H may be bifurcated, as shown in fig. 3, the bifurcations H’ resting on the flanges B, thereby preventing the shaving from becoming clogged.

Having thus fully described my invention,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

1. The combination of plane A, yoke C, and rollers I, substantially as described.
2. The combination of plane A, yoke C, rollers I, and single or bifurcated finger H, substantially as described.
3. The combination of plane A, yoke C, rollers I, finger H, and staff or handle J, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM MILLER.

Witnesses:
CARROLL D. WRIGHT,
CHARLES F. BROWN.

No. 109,037 – Improvement In Planes (Ellis H. Morris) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”174″]109037

United States Patent Office.

ELLIS H. MORRIS, OF SALEM, OHIO.

Letters Patent No. 109,037, dated November 8, 1870.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELLIS H. MORRIS, of Salem, in the county of Columbiana and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Metallic Planes; and I do declare that the following is a true and accurate description thereof, reference being had to thc accompanying drawing and to the letters of reference marked thereon, and being a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved plane.
Figure 2 is a plan of the bottom.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of the device.

Like letters indicate like parts in each figure.

The nature of this invention relates to an improved construction of metallic planes, whereby greater lightness and strength are secured, with case in operation.

The invention consists in casting the body of the plane with a series of intersecting ribs, covering the entire face, and in the general arrangement of its several parts, as more fuily hereinafter described.

In the drawing —

A represents a thin iron plate, cast with narrow projecting and intersecting ridges, a, on its lower face, and a rib-socket, A’, on its upper surface, which, besides giving the plane-body the necessary rigidity, receives thc handle B at the rear end, secured therein by two or more bevel-screws, b, whose heads are countersunk in the cavities formed by the ridge a.

The central portion of the socket forms the throat c, and in the forward part is secured a knob, C, by which the operator guides the plane.

D is the plane-iron, whose slot, d, extends to the upper end.

E is the cap, resting on the upper or forward face of the iron, to which it is secured by a set-screw, F, threaded in it, passing from the rear side of the iron through the slot d.

G is the wedge, which secures the iron and cap in the throat in the usual manner.

By extending the slot in the iron to its upper end, when I wish to remove it for sharpening, I simply loosen the thumb-screw F, when the iron drops down through the throat. In like manner it is readjusted.

This construction of the body of the plane combines great strength and rigidity with the minimum of weight. The weight of all metallic planes hitherto made has been the principal objection to their use, seconded by their large cost as compared with the wooden plane.

In making such planes, after the bottom is cast it is the custom to level off the face on an iron-planer, and finish on an emery-wheel — an expensive process.

In this, as soon as taken from the sand I put it in a vise and finish the surface with a file, at a tenth of the cost of finishing a plane-face by the other method, as the peculiar arrangement of the intersecting ridges leaves but little metal to be removed in order to face the plane. For the same reason the plane is easier to move on the wood, the diminished area ofthe surface moving in contact with the board reducing the friction in a corresponding ratio.

I do not wish to confine myself to the particular configuration of the face-ridges shown, as the same may be in curved lines, intersecting each other to term any desired geometrical pattern.

I am well aware that cast-iron planes have been made with longitudinal grooves planed in their faces, and therefore disclaim the invention of such.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The intersecting ridges d on the face of a metallic plane, as described.

2. The arrangement of the handle B, knob C, plane-iron D, cap E, screw F, and wedge G, with the metallic plane-body A, constructed as herein described, and operating as set forth.

ELLIS H. MORRIS.

Witnesses:
MARMADUK WILSON,
SAMUEL HARDMAN.

No. 108,586 – Improvement In Planes (Winslow B. Glover) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”172″]108586

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WINSLOW B. GLOVER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 108,586, dated October 25, 1870.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, W. B. GLOVER, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and valuable Improvement in Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of a central vertical longitudinal section of my invention. Fig. 2 is a front view of the bed-plate and slide. Fig. 3 is a front view of the plane-bit and its regulating-key. Fig. 4 is a front view of the binding-plate. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are details.

My invention relates to planes; and it consists, mainly, in the construction and novel arrangement of devices, whereby the plane-bit can be regulated at will and with certainty.

The letter A of the drawings designates the plane-stock, of wood or iron. To this is fitted a bed-piece, B, which is secured firmly to the stock by means of screws a a.

Upon the bed-piece is arranged a slide, C, having a wedge-like end, c, which is pressed forward by the inclined portion e of the bed-piece when the slide is depressed, thereby advancing the plates which compose the plane-bit and lessening the throat-opening. When it is desired to widen the throat to admit larger shavings, the slide is drawn up by means of the lever D, pivoted to the bed-piece B, as shown. The slide is kept close to the bed-piece, when elevated, by means of its tongue c’, which is arranged to work in an inclined slot, l, in the bed-piece. The lever D therefore operates, through the slide C, to regulate the size of the throat or opening through which the shavings pass.

P designates the plane-bit, which is secured to its cap E by means of a screw in the ordinary manner. Through the cap E are formed two openings — one above the screw and the other below. A notch, v, is formed at the side of the upper opening, and in this notch works the toe n of the lever or key G, which is pivoted eccentrically on the pin s, formed on the shoulder F — a part ofthe bed-plate. The shoulder F also serves to keep the plane-bit right as it fits in the longitudinal slot thereof. By moving the handle of the lever G to the right the plane-bit is lowered, and, reversely, a movement to the left will elevate it.

The parts are bound together by the plate H, curved in form, and arranged so that its ends only bear upon the cap. A recess is formed in its upper end to receive the expanded end of the key G, and a circular depression is made in its face, the bottom of which is formed into two semicircular inclined planes, r r, arranged to operate in connection with two similar inclined planes, t t, formed on the under side of the binding-key K. This binding-key is secured to the bed-plate by means of the screw L, formed with a large head, which is passed through an opening in the bed-plate, having a notch or contraction, i, in its lower side. The head of the screw is moved downward in the direction of this notch until the neck is embraced by it. A slight turn of the key K, causing the inclined planes to act upon each other, will bind all the parts tightly together. In order to admit the head of the binding-screw, the wood of the stock is slightly excavated at U.

A plane constructed with the above appliances is capable of being operated in a satisfactory manner. No violence — as striking with a hammer or mallet — is needed. If the throat requires alteration, the binder is loosened by a turn of the key K, and the slide C then regulated by the lever D. A turn of the key K will make all tight again. The key G regulates the bite of the plane-bit, and on account of its great leverage will operate without the necessity of previously loosening the binder.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The lever or key G, pivoted to the bed-plate, and arranged to engage with the cap-iron E, thereby regulating the bite of the plane-bit, as specified.

2. The slide C, operated by means of the lever or key D, in combination with the bed-plate B, having an inclined plane, e, all constructed and arranged to regulate the size of the throat of the plane, as specified.

3. Attached to the bed-plate A, the cam-lever K, in combination with the semicircular inclined planes r r of the bent binding-plate H, all constructed to operate as specified.

4. The slide C, having tongue c’, in combination with a, bed-plate having an inclined slot, l, as speciiied.

5. The combination of the levers D, G, and K, plates B, E, and H, and slide C, all constructed and arranged to operate as specified.

In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

WINSLOW B. GLOVER

Witnesses:
H. R. PHILBRICK,
R. M. LINDLEY.

No. 107,757 – Improvement In Planes (Timothy O. Callahan) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”151″]107757

United States Patent Office.

TIMOTHY O. CALLAHAN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 107,757, dated September 27, 1870.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 107,757, dated December 18, 1870.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

all to whom these presents shall come:

Be it known that I, TIMOTHY O. CALLAHAN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have made an invention of a new and useful Plane for Finishing Board Floors of Halls, Dwellings, Navigable Vessels, &c.; and do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, due reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view; and
Figure 2, a vertical, central, and longitudinal section of a plane embodying my improvements.

The stooping or crouching position now assumed, of necessity, by carpenters in planing or finishing board floors, and the time consumed in the act, have rendered the introduction of an implement similar to that herein explained of great value, the object to the accomplished being the construction of a plane that may be operated by a carpenter or laborer while in an ordinary erect walking position, the result being great economy of time, as well as lessening of fatigue on the part of the operator.

The invention consists —

First, in mounting a carpenter’s plane upon wheels or rollers, or a carriage supported upon wheels or rollers, in such manner that said plane may be easily propelled over the surface of a floor, while at work; and

Secondly, in providing a carpenter’s plane with an attenuated sloping handle, rising therefrom to such a height as to enable a person to readily grasp it, while in a standing position.

In the drawing which accompanies and constitutes part of this specification —

A represents a carpenter’s plane, the forward end of which is mounted upon wheels or rollers, b b, in order that it may be easily propelled along the floor, the rollers or their equivalents being of considerable weight, in order to insure the contact of the plane with the floor.

The iron of the plane is shown at c as confined within the throat or shaving-passage d of the plane, in part, by a screw, e, which passes through a slot, f formed centrally in the plane-iron, and screws into the rear wall of the throat d, and serves to clamp the iron to the plane.

The vertical adjustment of the plane-iron is effected by a long screw, g, which screws through a stud, h, connected to the rear side of the plane-iron, and at or near the upper part thereof, the lower end of the screw g being swiveled to a metallic plate, i, which is secured to the upper part of the plane, and in rear of its iron, the opposite or upper end of the screw being provided with a milled head, or its equivalent, by which it may be easily rotated.

The plane-iron c is not connected rigidly or immovably to the stud h before mentioned, but merely encompasses the same, consequently, by loosening the screw d, which clamps the iron to the plane, such iron may he instantly removed therefrom, free from any incumberance.

As before observed, the head of the screw g rises to such a position as to be readily seized by a workman while standing erect, or substantially so.

K in the drawing denotes an attenuated handle attached to the rear end of the plane A, and rising therefrom at an oblique angle in parallelism, or there about, with the screw g, which it should slightly overtop, and to such a height as will enable the workman, by its aid, to propel the plane over the surface of a floor in an ordinary walking position, with results and advantages before premised.

l have heretofore stated that the wheels b should possess suflicient gravity to maintain the plane in contact with the floor against irregular movements on the part of the workman, and I would here state that it may, in practice, be found desirable to add a movable weight to the forward end of the plane, in order to facilitate this object.

I would remark, further, that in place of the wheels b the plane may he mounted upon a vehicle or carriage, but I prefer, in practice, to constitute the plane its own vehicle, and the characteristic feature of my invention will be found to consist in providing a plane with a means of support by which the friction between it and the floor is greatly reduced, in addition to its prolonged handle.

As the wheels b or their equivalents are the only points of support or contact necessarily of the plane with respect to the floor, it results that the lower surface of the plane, from its throat rearward, may be sloping or curved, should such form, from any reason, be found necessary.

The merits of a plane provided with a means ol propulsion, as before stated, will be at once apparent to persons whose occupation, like my own, is that of planing floors.

The relief from the strain and unnatural position now, of necessity assumed, and the case and rapidity with which a floor may he planed hy means of my invention need no further comment.

I claim —

A carpenter’s plane, when provided with wheels or rollers and an elongated handle, K, all constructed in the manner and for the purpose herein specified.

TIMOTHY O. CALLAHAN.

Witnesses:
FRED CURTIS,
EDWARD GRIFFITH.

No. 63,948 – Improvement In Bench Planes (Charles H. Sawyer) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”122″]63948

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES H. SAWYER, OF HOLLIS, MAINE.

Letters Patent No. 63,948, dated April 16, 1867
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. SAWYER, of Hellis, in the county of York, and State of Maine, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Plane Stocks; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others to make and use my invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation of my invention.

Figure 2, a plan of the top of the same.

Like letters refer to the same parts.

My invention has for its object the providing of a more convenient method than that now employed for adapting the bottom of a plane to curved surfaces, either concave or convex. In the accompanying drawings —

A shows a curved handle or stock, of the form indicated. B, fig. 1, shows a screw passing through the centre thereof and attached to the piece d. The cutting-iron, of the common form, is represented at e, and held in position by set-screws, fitting into slots therein and working into the inclined portion of the piece d. The set-screws and slots are seen at t s, fig. 2. The cutting-iron also passs through an aperture in the piece d. This is seen in fig. 1, at n. The piece d is firrnly and rigidly attached to the sheet m on its upper or inner side, at the centre thereof. The sheet m is secured to the ends of the curved handle or stock A by means of pivots or bolts, upon which it turns when bent. This is illustrated in fig. 1. The object of the piece d is to hold the end of the screw B and secure the cutting-iron in the manner above described. The space D is made in the curved stock or handle in order to admit of the insertion, adjustment, or removal of the cutting-iron e. Turning the screw B by means of the crank c, the sheet m is bent and retained in the positions indicated by the dotted lines in fig. 1, or at places intermediate between these two.

I am aware of the issue of Letters Patent to George F. Evans, but his invention is different from mine in several particulars.

I do not claim a graduating plane stock, combining, with a flexible sheet of metal for the bottom, two shanks and two set-screws for bending and retaining in position the same, and the sheet being secured at its centre to the middle of the stock, and bent at the ends thereof. I am also aware of a patent granted to the same which combines, with a bearing plate, two screws, two traversing nuts thereon, and two connecting-rods, the plate being attached to the stock, and being curved in a similar manner and at the same points as the one lirst mentioned. I do not claim such a method of imparting curvature to the plate, or the screws, traversing-nuts and connecting-rods, by which the curvature is given. My invention, further, differs from the subject of Letters Patent granted to the same, and numbered 41,983, which combines with a spring-face plate the construction of two connecting-rods and their receiving parts of the stock curved. The subject of Letters Patent granted to William A. Cole, June 6, 1848, consists of an ordinary plane with a convex face cut thereupon, to which, at the centre, is attached a metal plate, which is bent by means of slides attached to the ends thereof, said slides passing up against the front and back of the plane. I do not claim a device of this description.

The rejected application of Simon Williams, received and filed August 12,1862, describes a plane stock, wherein the metal plate is secured to the stock at the centre thereof and at the centre of the plate, and the plate is bent by means of adjusting screws turned to the right or left and bending the plate from its ends. This is dilferent from my invention in arrangement and operation, and I do not claim a device of this character. My invention is distinct from all of those above referred to, in having the flexible plate united at its ends to the ends of a curved stock, of the form delineated in the drawing, and, in both, receiving its curvature and being held at any desired curve by a vertical screw turned by a crank, and the screw being connected with the plate at the piece d.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The arrangement of the screw B, in combination with the joints or pivots by which the sheet m is connected at its ends to the ends of the handle or stock A, as and for the purposes herein described.

CHS. H. SAWYER.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM H. CLIFFORD,
HENRY C. HOUSTON.

No. 106,868 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Russell Phillips) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”171″]106868

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

RUSSELL PHILLIPS, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 106,868, dated August 30, 1870.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUSSELL PHILLIPS, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have made an invention of a novel and useful implement which I term a Carpenter’s Combination-Plane; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, due reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view; Fig. 2, a plan; Fig. 3, a side elevation; Fig. 4, a vertical section.

This invention combines in one implement elementary features now only found in several independent tools, the result being a great saving in space in transportation, as well as in stores and carpenters’ shops, and enabling a mechanic to obtain, at small comparative cost and in a compact and efficient form, the substitutes for several classes of planes.

I have combined in this instrument a rabbeting-plane and an expansible matching-plane, to operate on and prepare boards of various thicknesses, one side of said rabbeting-plane serving as a fence or guide to the latter, as hereinafter explained.

While this invention consists, primarily, of the combination of a rabbeting-plane and an expansible matching-plane, the latter, in turn, will be found to consist of several members, so organized as to enable one to produce a “tongued groove-connection,” called “matching stuff,” a “cross-channel,” or a “plowed groove of any desired dimensions.”

In the drawings accompanying and illustrating this description of my invention, A denotes a rabbeting-plane, substantially of ordinary construction, with the exception of the removal of the handle, and the erection, at or about its center, of a post or standard, B, which slopes forward at a slight angle, and over the iron ofthe plane, which latter is represented at C. The plane A is further distinguished from others of its class by the addition to its under side of an adjustable gage, D, which converts it into a species of plane called “fillister,” or those in which the width of the rabbet cut by the tool is governed at pleasure.

The standard B supports from its upper part a long horizontal lateral bar or arm, E, departing from it at right angles to the length of the plane, such arm supporting the two movable cutter heads or stocks, which, with their adjuncts, constitute the expansible or variable matching-plane before alluded to, the arrangement of parts, as hereinafter explained, being such that both cutter-heads may be moved together or singly upon the arm and away from the rabbeting-plane A, or toward and away from each other thereupon, the side ofthe rabbeting-plane next adjacent to the said cutter-heads serving, under all circumstances, as a gage or “fence,’ so called, to the matching-plane.

The main or primary cutter-carrier is shown at F in the drawings as composed of a plate or portion, a, sliding upon or against the rear side of the arm E, and connned to such arm, upon which it slides, by clamp-nuts and bolts b b, or their equivalents, the inner end of the said plate a terminating in a right-angular bend or head, c, carrying upon its face the “spur or scoring iron,” such spur-iron a’ being secured in position thereupon by side projections or hooks, e e, and a set-screw, f, as represented, and performing the duties of preparing the way for either one or both of the matching cutters, as the case may be.

Upon the front or inner face of the cutter-carrier F or its cutter-head c, I apply a flat plate or second cutter-head, g, this latter object sliding vertically upon the head c, and being confined thereto by a set-screw or other device. The cutter-head g carries upon its inner face a cutter or iron, h, for cutting or plowing a groove, the relationship of the two cutter-heads being such that the head g may be lowered into a working position, or elevated above the same, while the cutter It may be raised or lowered with respect to its head, according to the depth of cut required, it being understood, as before stated, that when the said cutter (or its companion, to be duly referred to) is at work the side or fence i of the rabbeting-plane A serves as a guide or gage to determine the width of the cut thus made.

The iron or cutter It is composed of an upright flat plate, the lower part of which is bent into an angular sloping portion, which, constitutes its cutting-edge, the cutter by this means saving the necessity of employing two spurs to prepare its way, while the lower edge of the head g serves as a “sword,” so called, to determine the thickness of the shaving cut by the said cutter.

The cutter h, may be employed alone, in connection with the rabbeting-plane, to cut a channel, whether such groove be an ordinary cross-groove or the groove required to receive the tongue of the next adjacent board in “matching stuff,” or the said cutter may be employed in connection with the cutter to cut away one side of the tongue used in said operation of matching stuff; or, again, should occasion require, the cutter or iron h may be lowered and work in conjunction with the rabbeting-plane A, thus cutting at one and the same time a rabbet and groove or channel.

The second cutter, before mentioned, is shown at j in the accompanying drawings as mounted upon the inner face of a second cutter-head, k, which makes part of a carrier, l, mounted and sliding upon the first carrier, F, and confined thereto, by clamp-nuts or set-screws, in any proper manner, it being observed that the construction and relationship of this latter cutter-carrier and head with respect to the former being substantially the same as the former in respect to the arm or support E, before mentioned, it being observed that while the cutter or tool may be moved toward or away from the rabbeting-plane, for the purpose of cutting channels of varying width, the two cutters may be separated or contracted, in order to cut a tongue of any given width up to a certain extent.

Upon the outer or remote side ofthe second cutter-head, k, is disposed an adjustable gage for determining the depth of the cut made by either one or both the cutters h or j, (in connection with the rabbeting-plane as a side gage,) to produce a cross-channel or plow a groove.

As it becomes necessary to produce a sword to regulate the thickness of the shaving cut by the second cutter or iron, j, I form it (the sword) upon the under side of a fiat plate, o, which in turn is suspended from the under side of the carrier l, applied adjustably thereto, and confined in place by set-screws or their equivalents, in order that the lateral position of the said sword with respect to the said cutter j may be varied, as it sometimes becomes desirable that this sword shall travel in the center, or thereabout, of the groove or channel formed by such cutter.

Upon the upper side of the rear extremity of the sword, which is shown at p, or its supporting-plate o, I mount the handle of the combination-instrument, such handle being represented at q in the drawings.

An instrument constructed and organized as above explained may be used as a rabbeting-plane, or fillister simply.

By lowering the cutter h, to the proper extent and employing the side of the rabbeting-plane as a guide or gage, a cross-channel may be cut or a groove may be plowed.

By lowering the second cutter, j , and adjusting the distance between the two to the width of tongue required in machine-stuff, such tongue will be cut to any desired gage, or, as before stated, the second cutter, j, maybe employed alone, in connection with the spur-iron a’, to cut a channel or groove.

For extreme variations in the extent of cuts made by my present invention, I shall adapt cutters of varying widths; but it will be evident that considerable variations maybe made without removing the cutter at the time in use.

In the use of the rabbeting-plane alone, the cutter-head c should be inverted end for end to serve as a gage.

Although I have in the present instance represented one of the cutter-carriers as supported and sliding upon the arm E and the other carrier applied in similar manner to the first, I would remark that I intend applying each carrier by itself to the bed or frame of the tube.

I claim —

The herein-described carpenter’s plane.

RUSSELL PHILLIPS.

Witnesses:
EDW. GRIFFITH,
FRED. CURTIS.

No. 105,767 – Improvement In Bench-Plane (Joseph R. Bailey) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”168″]105767

United States Patent Office.

JOSEPH R. BAILEY, OF WOONSOCKET, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR TO
HIMSELF AND SELDEN A. BAILEY, OF SAME PLACE.

Letters Patent No. 105,767, dated July 26, 1870.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH R. BAILEY, of Woonsocket, in the county of Providence and in the State of Rhode Island, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawing making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved bench-plane.
Figure 2 is a transverse section thereof.

Corresponding letters refer to identical parts in both figures.

This invention relates to bench-planes; and

The improvement consists in providing the wooden stock with a metallic sole, as will be more fully set forth hereinafter.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction more specifically.

Bench-planes, the stocks of which are made of wood, are liable to warp when exposed to dampness, even if made of thoroughly seasoned wood, and the wearing-surface is also often worn away more rapidly in some parts than in others, so that the workman, if he wants er must have a good and accurate plane, is obliged to level its under surface from time to time.

It has been my object to obviate this necessity by arming the under surface of the wooden stock A by a metallic sole, B, extending the entire length of the stock, and provided at the proper point with a transverse throat, through which the cutting-edge of the bit C projects, the latter being provided with a sliding cap, and both being secured in the stock by a key, D, in the ordinary manner.

The stock has also a handle, A’, as usual.

In order to make this sole perfectly smooth and level on its under surface, and prevent scratching of the wood by projecting points, which projections or unevenesses might be formed if it were screwed to the bottom of the stock, I propose to bend the sole to form a vertical flange, B’, on each side, to embrace the sides of such stock, to which they are secured by screws b, as shown.

I prefer steel as a material for this sole, on account of its hardness, but other and softer metals may be employed.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

A bench-plane, provided with a metallic sole, B, with flanges B’, through which said sole is fastened to the stock by means of screws, or their equivalents, substantially as described.

The above specification signed by me this 12th day of June, 1870.

JOSEPH R. BAILEY.

Witnesses:
MARQUIS D. L. MOURY,
ALBERT G. ROBINSON.

No. 102,966 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Zephaniah Phillips) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”166″]102966

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ZEPHANIAH PHILLIPS, OF DIXON, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 102,966, dated May 10, 1870.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Z. PHILLIPS, of Dixon, in the county of Lee and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The nature of my invention consists, first, in so constructing a plane-iron that the bit can be raised and lowered at will by means of a thumb-nut without removing the hand from its natural position; and second, in so constructing a plane-iron that the bit can be tightened or loosened at will by means of a thumb-nut without removing the hand from its natural position.

In order to enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to make and use the same, I will now proceed to describe its construction and operation, referring to the annexed drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of my planing-iron, and Fig. 2 is a front view of the fork which tightens the bit.

A represents the usual wood part or stock of a plane, having a V-shaped aperture for the insertion of the bit B. Immediately in rear of this aperture, on top of the stock A, is secured an inclined rest, C, provided with a forked projection, a, to hold the thumb-nut on the bit.

The bit B is provided at its upper end with a shank, D, having screw-threads, and a thumb-nut, b, placed on the same. The thumb-nut b is grooved, so as to pass into and be held by the forked projection a.

In small planes the rest C, with the nut D, may be used as a handle, but in larger planes the handle would be placed close to the said rest, so that the operator can, without removing his hand from the handle, turn the thumb-nut b in either direction, and consequently raise or lower the bit.

The bit B is tightened or loosened at will by the following means: A fork, E, provided with a screw-shank, G, is passed down through an inclined slot in the stock A in front of the aperture through which the bit is passed, the ends of the fork resting upon the bit, as shown in Fig. 1. On the screw-shank G is placed a thumb-nut, d, which is grooved and held in a forked rest, e, on the stock. By turning the thumb-nut d in one direction the fork E will be lowered, so as to bear against the bit and tighten the same, and by turning said nut in the opposite direction the fork is raised and the bit loosened, which all can be accomplished without the operator having to remove his left hand from the usual position on the plane.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The fork E, when constructed and arranged to operate in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
2. In combination with the fork E, bit B, when constructed and arranged to operate as and for the purpose described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ZEPHANIAH PHILLIPS.

Witnesses:
GEO. CURKENDALL,
D. H. LAW.

No. 102,630 – Improvement In Attaching Handles To Joiners’ Plows (Charles H. Weigle) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”165″]102630

United States Patent Office.

CHARLES H. WEIGLE, OF YORK, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent No. 102,630, dated May 3, 1870.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN ATTACHING HANDLES TO JOINERS’ PLOWS.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. WEIGLE, of York, in the county of York and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Removable Handles for Joiners’ Plows and Arm-Fillisters; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 represents a side view of my invention, partly in section.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same, taken in the line x x, fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

This invention relates to a new and useful mode of applying handles to joiners’ plows and arm-fillisters, whereby said implements may be used with a handle, and with far greater facility than hitherto, the handle being readily detached when the tool is not required ibr use, and is to be stowed away.

The invention consists in having a dovetail install-socket secured in the rear of the stock of the tool, and having the front edge of the handle provided with a dovetail metallic nib to fit into the socket, as hereinafter fully shown and described, whereby the desired end is attained.

A represents a portion of the stock of an ordinary joiners’ plane, and B is a metallic dovetail socket, which is let in the rear end of the stock, and secured in position by screws a.

C represents a wooden handle, which is constructed similarly to a saw-handle, and has a metallic rib, D, secured to its front side, said rib having a dovetail at its front part to fit into the socket B.

By this means the handle may be readily fitted to the plow, and also readily detached therefrom.

One handle will answer for a number of different tools, if they are all provided with a socket, B; and, when a plow is not in use, the handle may be detached, and the former put away without monopolizing any more room than usual.

I am aware that a patent was issued to W. S. Loughbrongh, April 4, 1854, having a similar object in view, and I therefore disclaim as any part of my invention all features of construction found therein.

Having thus described my invention,

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The metal dovetail socket B, secured by screws as in a recess in the rear end of the wooden stock A of the plane, and adapted to receive the rib D on the front edge of the handle C, all as shown and described.

CHAS. H. WEIGLE.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM DENULY,
JOHN B. WENTZ.