No. 40,483 – Improvement In Planes For Beading And Molding (Seth C. Howes) (1863)

[paiddownloads id=”99″]40483

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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SETH C. HOWES, OF SOUTH CHATHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES FOR BEADING, MOLDING, &c.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 40,483, dated November 3, 1863 ; antedated October 24, 1863.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SETH C. HOWES, of South Chatham, in the county of Barnstable and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes for Beading, Molding, &c., &c. ; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a vertical section of my invention, taken in the line x x, Fig. 2; Fig. 2, a plan or top view of the same 5 Fig. 3, a side view of the same; Fig. 4, a detached face view of the clamp which holds the plane iron in proper position.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of planes used by joiners for forming beads and moldings, and also for forming rabbets, and which discharge the shavings at the side of the stock.

The object of the invention is to obtain a plane of the kind specified which will discharge the shavings freely and without the liability of choking or clogging in the throat, and one also which will admit of the iron being adjusted with the greatest facility to regulate the depth of cut and admit of the iron being firmly secured in the stock.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and construct my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A represents the stock of the plane, which is constructed of wood, and of the usual form, and B is the “iron,” the lower end or cutting-edge of which is made of a form corresponding to that of the bead, molding, or rabbet to be cut. This iron has a notch, a, made in its back surface, near its upper end, and into this notch a projection or spur, b, on a nut, C, is fitted, said nut being in an inclined recess or groove, c, in the stock. The nut C is on a screw, D, the upper part of which is iitted in a metal socket, F, placed in a recess in the upper part ofthe stock. The upper part of the plane-iron is fitted in the front part of the recess or groove c, while the lower part passes through a recess, F, which is open at its side, and forms what is commonly termed the throat, to admit of the shavings out by the iron to pass out from the stock. This throat is narrow at its lower end, as shown at d, and it widens very gradually for a short distance upward, and then suddenly expands or increases in width, with a rounded front, e, as shown clearly in Figs 1 and 3.

Within this enlarged part of the throat there is fitted a metal socket or guide, G, in which a clamp, H, works. This clamp is also constructed of metal, and may be described as being formed of a rectangular bar, having one side beveled, as shown at f (See Fig. 4.) The clamp is allowed to work freely in the socket or guide G, and it is moved or operated by a screw, I, which works in an internal screw-thread, g, in the clamp, as shown in Fig. 1, and is litted in a metal socket, J, placed in a recess in the upper part of the stock. The portions of the screws I and D, which are htted in the sockets E and J, are smooth, (see Fig. 1,) and the beveled surface f is placed outward.

From the above description it will be seen that by turning the screw-rod D, the iron may be raised and lowered according to the depth of cut or thickness of shaving required, as by turning said screw the nut C is moved, and with it the iron, and when the desired set of the iron is obtained, the latter is secured in position by pressing the clamp H against it, the latter result being attained by turning the screw I. The back part of the iron is pressed by the clamp H firmly against the back part of the throat F.

In using the implement the shavings will readily pass up the lower narrow part of the throat, and in passing into the enlarged part they will turn freely the rounded corner e, and, coming in contact with the hard, smooth metal surfaces of the inner side of the socket or guide G, and the beveled surface f of the clamp H, are discharged freely from the throat, and all choking and clogging of the latter avoided.

The ordinary throats of this class of planes are very liable to choke or clog with shavings, as they have a comparatively long narrow opening at their lower parts, and are not provided with any rnetal surfaces, which have a tendency to prevent the sticking or adhering of the shavings in the throat.

Having thus described my invention, I claim, as an improved article of manufacture —

A molding-plane provided with the adjusting-nut C, screw D, the holding-clamp H, screw J , and curved throat e, all constructed and operating together, as herein shown and described.

SETH C. HOWES.

Witnesses:
JOHN G. DOANE,
FREEMAN E. CHASE.

No. 41,258 – Improvements In Planes For Jointing Table Leaves (T.P. Granger) (1864)

[paiddownloads id=”100″]41258

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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T. P. GRANGER, OF PECATONICA, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND JOSIAH BEST.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES FOR JOINTING TABLE-LEAVES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 41,258, dated January 12, 1864.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, T. P. GRANGER, of Pecatonica, in the county of Winnebago and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Planes for Jointing Table-Leaves; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and complete description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is an end View of the first plane used in forming the bed part of the joint. Fig. 2 is a face view of the same plane. Fig. 3 is an edge view of the bed-leaf after the first plane has been used upon it; and Fig. 4 is an end view of the same. The plane, Figs. 1 and 2, is so formed, as shown at A, as to cut the “round” B on the bed-leaf.

The bed-leaf is first prepared by being jointed on the lower side and edge, the guide C working against the lower side, B’, Fig. 4. A stop, C’, on the opposite side of the plane, by coming in contact with the edge of the leaf B”, determines the depth to which the plane, cuts. Planes, Figs. 5 and 6, show an end and face view of the second plane to be used upon the bed. This is for cutting away B”, Fig. 4, which has been left by the first operation. The guide D works flat against the lower side of the leaf, the groove D’ forming a stop by coming in contact with B, Fig. 3. After the planes, Figs. 5 and 6, have been used the edge of the leaf presents the appearance shown in Figs. 7 and 8. I now use the planes shown in Figs. 17 and 18, for the purpose of cutting the round B to a sharper angle with the square portion of the leaf, as shown at a b in Figs. 19 and 20. This operation finishes the bed-leaf. The fall-leaf is first prepared for making the joint by being jointed upon the under side and upon the joint edge. I then apply the plane shown in Figs. 9 and 10, the guide E working against the under side of the leaf. The face F of the plane coming in contact with the square edge of the leaf F’, determines the depth to which the groove G is cut in the edge of the leaf; but as this plane does not cut the groove G quite deep enough to fit the round B on the bed-leaf. I apply the plane shown in Figs. 13 and 14. The face H coming in contact with the edge F’, determines the depth to which this plane cuts the groove, which is shown complete at c d in Figs.15 and 16. The table-butts are now set in the usual manner, and the leaf presents the structure and adjustment shown in Figs. 21 and 22. A table joint thus constructed presents this peculiar feature, that when the leaf is down, as in Fig. 22, the inner angle of the leaf comes in contact with the under edge of the bed, as at e, and thus raises the fall-leaf higher up on the bed-leaf, as shown at e’, thereby making a better and more durable joint.

What I claim as my improvement, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The herein-described series of planes for setting table-joints, the same being constructed and used in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.

T. P. GRANGER.

Witnesses:
A. S. VAN DYKE,
A. J. THOMPSON.

No. 41,317 – Improvement In Planes (Eli Odell) (1864)

[paiddownloads id=”101″]41317

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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ELI ODELL, OF WINTERSET, IOWA.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 41,317, dated January 19, 1864.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELI ODELL, of Winterset, Madison county, and State of Iowa, have invented an Improvement on the Common Plane in two particulars, as hereinafter described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my improvements are in the two following particulars: First, the thread of the plane is to be cut concave, instead of convex, as in the usual term, thus entirely preventing it from choking with shavings, as is customary with the common form; second, improvement is to prevent the enlargement of the throat of plane as the face wears away by use, which is done in the following manner: Cut out to the depth of one inch (more or less) the face of the plane from the throat to the iront end. Then cut a groove in the center of the plane from the front end to the throat on the under side. Then make a separate piece to form that part of the face of the plane cut out, and also to fit the groove accurately. The object of this piece on the face of the plane is to keep the throat of the plane small as the face wears away by use, and is done by cutting the shoulder at the throat of the plane and sliding the face-piece toward the bit, and is represented by the letter B. Thus, the throat may be regulated in size until the plane is worn out. Said face-piece is moved by and held by two screws, the one on the top, letter C, passing through the upper part of the plane and down into letter B into a nut that has play, that it can slide along in a mortise in letter B. The other, in the frontend, (represented by D,) connects with a nut in a mortise in the upper part of the plane, which nut hooks into letter B, which can slide either to open or shut the throat. In order to disconnect letter B (the face-piece) from the plane, unscrew letter C until letter B comes loose.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

A plane, with the adjustable face-plate B, in combination with a concave throat, the whole constructed and operated substantially as described.

ELI ODELL.

Witnesses:
JNO. LEONARD,
A. D. NOSLER.

No. 41,983 – Improvement In Plane Stocks (George Franklin Evans) (1864)

[paiddownloads id=”102″]41893

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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GEORGE FRANKLIN EVANS, OF NORWAY, MAINE.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-STOCKS.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 41,983, dated March 22, 1864.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE FRANKLIN EVANS, of Norway, in the county of Oxford and State of Maine, have made new and important Improvements in the Plane that was patented January 28, 1862; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specification, and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a plan. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal elevation with the face-plate in a straight position. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section with the face-plate in a convex position. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal elevation with the face-plate in a concave position or reversed from that in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal elevation of the rabbet and grooving plane with the face-plate in a straight position.

The nature of my improvement consists not only in the manner of making the stock, but in the combination of the arms which connect the ends ofthe spring face-plate to the stock, the same admitting the spring face-plate to be curved either ccnvexly or concavely on its outer surface. These planes are so constructed that they may be more readily adjusted to conform to concave and convex surfaces of diiferent degrees of curvature, whereby such circular parts may be as easily and smoothly planed, grooved, or rabbeted as a plane surface can be by the ordinary straight taced plane.

In the drawings, A is the stock or body of the plane, the same having a throat or shaving passage, B, formed vertically through it, (horizontally in the grooving-plane, Fig. 5.) In the said passage is the plane-iron, which is secured by the leverchip C and the thumb-screw D.

Instead of forming the lower face of the stock A as a straight plane, I cause the same to be curved upward and downward, in the manner as shown in the drawings. To the lower face of the stock I fasten on a flat steel plate by means of ten steel rivets, E E, on the lower part of the throat-passage — five rivets on the forward part and five rivets on the rear part of the throat-passage, as shown in Fig. 1.

Within the two ends of the stock A pass the connecting-rods F F in the form of a segment of a circle. The lower end of each connecting-rod has a hinge-joint, and is received by a socket or hollow pipe with solid ends, which pipe or socket is fastened to the ends of the steel plate G G by means of two steel rivets, I I. In each end of the stock A is a set-screw, H,which holds the connecting-rods F F in position, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4.

A plane constructed on the above-described improved manner can be readily adjusted to plane any circular, concave, or convex piece of wood; also to groove or rabbet the same by simply bending the plate G to the desired position and securing it by means of the connecting-rods F F and the set-screws J J.

From the above and by inspection of the drawings it will be perceived that my improved plane has its stock formed with two curved ends or projections extending from the part B, which hold the plane-iron, and so adapted to receive the curved arms F F as to allow them to play or move in curved paths both toward and away Ironi the said part B. Now, this mode of making the plane-stock not only enables the spring face-plate to be bent either into a convex or concave form, but it renders the curved ends or projections very convenient as handles by which the plane may be held and operated. Furthermore, they not only give to the connections F F a long range of motion, but keep their upper ends always within the stock when the face-plate is convex on its outer surface, there being no projection of the connections F F above the top surface of the plane-stock when the G is bent to its extreme position, as shown in Fig. 3.

What, therefore, I claim as my invention or improvement in the plane made with the spring face-plate is —

The construction of the connecting-rods F F and their receiving parts of the stock, curved substantially in the manner and so as to operate together as specified.

GEORGE FRANKLIN EVANS.

Witnesses:
HENRY UPTON,
C. C. SANDERSON.

No. 42,585 – Improvement In Grooving Or Panel Plows (William S. Loughborough) (1864)

[paiddownloads id=”103″]42585

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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WILLIAM S. LOUGHBOROUGH, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN GROOVING OR PANEL PLOWS.

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Specification forming parts of Letters Patent No. 42,585, dated May 3, 1864.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WM. S. LOUGHBOROUGH, of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Panel-Plow or Grooving-Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specilication, in which —

Figure 1 is an elevation of the left side of the plane. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the right side. Fig. 3 is an end view of the fence B detached, showing the front arm, C.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

The nature of my invention consists, mainly, in the peculiar construction of the stock of panel-plows or other grooving-planes ; also, in a novel and efficient means for securing the adjustment of the fence by simply turning one screw, and in an improved manner of securing the bits in this class of planes.

A in the drawings represents the skeleton stock; B, the fence; C and C’, the arms; D, the thumb-screw ibr fastening the bit; E, the screw for fastening the arms of the fence; a, the screw for holding the stop S ; G, the bit ; b and b’, the clamping-bars, and w the wedge, which is operated upon by the screw E, by which it is driven down between the end of the bars b and b’, causing them to clamp firmly against the arms of the fence and to hold it securely in position. The wedge should be made sufficiently obtuse to cause it to recede from between the bars whenever relieved by the screw.

The body or stock A of the plane is made, as seen in the drawings, with an enlargement, d, running diagonally across and projecting equally on each side. Within this enlargement is formed a mortise, through which the bit G is placed. This mortise should be five-eighths to three-fourths of an inch wide, and it is recessed on the front or upper side, as indicated by the dotted lines, which is done by enlarging the core. Said core should also have a projection on the right side, near the lower end, to form the opening under the clasp f for the bar b1’ to pass through. The clasp g is formed by “coping out” in molding, part ofthe stop being removed, as seen in Fig. 1, to show the recess. The oval-shaped recess in which the wedge w is placed is formed in the same manner, and is made deep enough to receive the upper end of the bars b and b’ and the thickness of the flange i. The clasp g is extended over the upper rib of the arm G, and a similar bearing is provided over C’ by the projection a. These bearings prevent the arms from “tilting” when released by the screw E. The projections J should be long enough to prevent any cramping of the arms when the fence is being moved either way, and also to secure its parallel movement, it being cast or otherwise rigidly fixed to the arms.

The stop S is secured between the diagonal ribs r by the screw a, which may have a milled head, if desired. The ribs r are cast with the stock, and they receive all the diagonal strain coming upon the stop, thereby relieving the screw a from all lateral strain. The stock A is thickened by the button u (seen in Fig. 2) to increase the threaded bearing ofthe screw a.

The arch N of the throatway may be formed on either side ofthe stock, but the right hand side is probably preferable.

The bits G are made of uniform thickness from end to end, and are provided, the same as other plow-bits, with a central groove in the back side, which rides the front end of the rear plate, P’, and they are so fitted in the mortise as to have a bearing at t before they strike the rest at v, against which they are forced by the screw D and firmly held. This manner of fitting the bits, always effecting a perfect bearing of the bit at t, whether a wide or narrow one is used, insures the discharge of the shavings.

The plate p projects each side across the stock so as to form the seat for the handle H centrally behind the bit. The handle is held against the side plate, lt, by the screw s, and the rear end is firmly held in position by a screw through the base plate p at y.

The fence B may be removed at any time without deranging the clamping devices, the flange i of the wedge to preventing the end of the bars b and b’ from falling out. There is a shoulder on the back side of b’ at e, Fig. 2, which strikes against the case of the bit-mortise, and thus prevents the bar from dropping away from the flange i, and b is kept in position longitudinally by the point c resting against the stock.

If desired, the arms G and C’ may be made separate from the fence B and attached thereto by screws or otherwise; but I prefer to cast them together, as shown in the drawings.

Among the many advantages afforded by making these tools of metal instead of wood are the following: They are much less cumber-some, are more durable, the parts are much more readily and perfectly adjusted, they work better and easier, because they never choke or clog with the shavings, and they can be sold for less than one-half the cost of wooden planes of the same variety.

The plates P and P’ are cast on the stock A, thereby avoiding the labor and expense of fitting and attaching them by screws or other-wise.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The above-described panel plow or plane, when constructed, arranged, and combined in the manner and for the purposes specified, as a new article of manufacture.

2. Securing the gage of the fence B at any desired point by operating a single screw, E, substantially in the manner specified.

WM. S. LOUGHBOROUGH.

Witnesses:
A. C. DICKINSON,
A. H. BILLINGS.

No. 43,053 – Improvement In Bench Planes (Richard Washburn) (1864)

[paiddownloads id=”104″]43053

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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RICHARD WASHBURN, OF RAMAPO, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 43,053, dated June 7, 1864.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD WASHBURN, of Ramapo, in the county of Rockland and State of New York, have invented a new and useful lmprovement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan or top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a detached perspective view of the slotted wedge which I use to secure the plane-iron.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention consists in the employment or use of a slotted wedge inserted in suitable guide-grooves in the front side of the throat of a plane, and adjustable by means of a set-screw, in combination with the plane-iron in such a manner, that by means of said slotted wedge and set-screw the plane iron can be firmly secured in the desired position, and by the point of the wedge the shavings are thrown oif from the cutting-edge of the iron and caused to pass up through the throat of the plane with ease and facility, and the use of a double iron can be dispensed with.

A represents the body of my plane, which is made of wood or any other suitable material, and provided with a throat, B, through which the plane iron C passes in the usual manner.
The plane-iron is secured in the throat by means of a slotted wedge, D, a detached perspective view of which is shown in Fig. 3. This wedge is guided in grooves a in the front side of the threat, and it is secured in its place by means of a set-screw, b, which passes freely through its top and screws into a nut fastened in the upper surface of the body A of the plane. The lower inclined surface, c, of the slotted wedge fits nicely on the upper surface of plane-iron, as clearly shown in Fig. 1, and its front edge is chamfered off in the opposite direction to that of the plane-iron, so that the shavings are thrown off from said cutting-edge, and that the inclined plate c of the slotted wedge takes the place of the ordinary double iron. By releasing the set-screw b the plane-iron can be easily adjusted up or down without the use of the hammer, and by tightening said set-screws the slotted wedge is firmly pressed down on the plane-iron and the latter is securely held in the required position. The sole of the plane is protected by a plate, E, secured to the front edge of the same by means of set screw d. This screw passes through an oblong hole, e, in the body of the plane, so that the plate E can be easily adjusted backward or forward and that by these means the mouth of the plane can be enlarged or diminished at pleasure. The plate E therefore serves the double purpose of protecting the sole of the plane and of making its mouth adjustable.

The improvements herein described are applicable to planes of every description, and it is obvious that the slotted wedge can be used independent of the adjustable plate E, or in combination with the same, as may be desired.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The slotted wedge D, secured in the throat of a plane, A, by means of a set-screw, b, and operating in combination with the same and with the plane-iron C, substantially in the manner and for the purpose specified.

RICHARD WASHBURN.

Witnesses:
DANIEL COOPER,
JAMES SUFFERN.

No. 43,360 – Improvement In Bench Planes (Stephen Williams) (1864)

[paiddownloads id=”105″]43360

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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STEPHEN WILLIAMS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 43,360, dated June 28, 1864.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN WILLIAMS, of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Smoothing-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a side sectional elevation of my invention. Fig. 2 is a. plan view of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

I denominate my improvement the “universal smoothing-plane,” because it belongs to that variety of planes in which the face is made changeable, so that it may be conveniently adapted to the planing of curved as well as straight surfaces.

By the use of my improvement surfaces that are convex, concave, or straight may be easily worked, the thee of the tool being readily changed from one form to another to suit the surface to which it is to be applied.

A is a hollow box, of the exterior form shown, made, in one or more pieces, of iron or other materials, receiving the usual wedge, B, and plane iron C, which passes obliquely through the box A, a nipple, a, at its front end to receive the blow of the hammer during adjustment. The remaining body of the plane is composed of movable sections or blocks D, filted together, some of them, D’, made to conform at their upper ends to the shape of the box A, against which said ends press, as shown. The blocks or sections D D’ and the box A are bound together by an exterior hoop or band, E, of metal, which incloses them. The end piece, b,.of the band E is made sufficiently thick at its middle to have formed in it a screw-nut, through which a binding-screw, F, passes to press against the outer section or block, D, as shown. By turning the screw F the blocks or sections D D’ and box A will all be firmly bound or pressed together, and, as their lower ends constitute the surface of the plane, it is only necessary, in order to change the form of the face of the plane, to vary the position of the sections and box in respect to each other and then bind them by the screw F. Upon each alternate surface of the sections D D’ and box A there is a tongue and groove, c, d, which prevents lateral displacement of the sections, but allows of vertical adjustment. Upon the exterior of box A there are projecting tongues or ledges e e, between which the band E passes. These ledges prevent the displacement of the band E. The lower extremities of the sections D D’ and box A are made slightly rounded, so as to afford greater facility in moving the plane, prevent the edges of the sections from catching on the surface of the work, &c.

The black lines in Fig. 1 show the plane as adjusted to plane a concave surface. The red lines show the position of the parts when adjusted to plane a flat surface, and the blue lines show the adjustment for a convex surface.

I do not confine myself to the precise form of parts herein shown, as that may be varied according to the skill of the maker; but,

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. The construction of the body ofthe plane of movable blocks or sections, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein shown and described.

2. The combination of the movable sections D D’, independent plane bit-holder A, inclosing-band E, and screw F, all arranged and employed as described.

STEPHEN WILLIAMS.

Witnesses:
HENRY MCNEILL,
HENRY BENJAMIN.

No. 46,614 – Improvement In Bench Planes (Wing H. Taber) (1865)

[paiddownloads id=”106″]46614

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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WING H. TABER, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNEE TO HIMSELF AND THOMAS H. ABBOTT, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT lN BENCH-PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 46,614, dated February 28, 1865.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WING H. TABER, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specification and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view, Fig. 2 a side elevation, and Fig. 3 a longitudinal section, of a bench-plane provided with my invention. Flg. 4 is a top view of the furcated lever of the mechanism for fastening the plane-iron in place in the stock and on the adjustable bed. Fig. 5 is a front view of the said adjustable bed.

The nature of my invention or improvement consists in the combination as well as in the arrangement of an adjustable bed, and a mechanism, as hereinafter described, for fastening the plane iron in place in the stock and on the said bed, the parts of the said combination being arranged as hereinafter described, and the object or purpose of such invention being to enable the slant or inclination of the plane-iron to be varied in order to vary the width or size of the shaving-mouth at the cutting edge of the plane iron, and thus adapt the plane to the cutting of either thick or thin shavings from a piece of wood or article while being planed.

In the drawings, A denotes the plane-stock, provided with a throat, a, and a plane-iron, B, the latter having a cap iron or plate, C.

The plane iron rests on the lower part, b, of the throat a, and also on an adjustable bearing or bed, G, which is formed as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, screws into the stock, and is arranged in an inclined position, as exhibited in Fig. 3.

By taking hold of the head c of the bed or bearing G, and revolving the bearing, we can either screw it more of less into the stock, so as to vary the distance of the top of the head from the upper surface of the stock.

In advance of the bearing G there is a screw, D, which goes through the plane-iron and its cap-iron, and is screwed into the stock. A forked lever, E, clasps the shank of the screw D, and directly underneath the head d thereof, and has a screw, F, screwed through it and against the cap-iron G, the lower end of the said lever E being in contact with the cap-iron.

The adjustable fulcrum-screw D, the furcated lever E, and the screw F, constitute the mechanism for fastening the plane-iron in the stock or in the latter and to the bearing G. This fastening mechanism I do not claim as my invention by itself, or irrespective of the adjustable bearing G.

By the use of the said fastening mechanism no wedge is required to hold the plane in the stock. Consequently there will be no danger of splitting the stock, such as is incident to the wedge. The adjustable bearing G enables the shaving-mouth to be increased or diminished, as circumstances may require, and is also advantageous in other respects.

I lay no claim to the invention ofthe mechanism as above described for fastening the plane iron in the stock, such mechanism consisting of the screw D, the lever E, and the screw F, arranged with respect to the plane-stock and the plane iron or irons as described. Nor do I claim an adjustable bed as combined with stationary supports of the plane-iron, and constituting with them a means of confining the said plane-iron in its place in the stock, the same being as shown in Asahel G. Batchelder’s application for a patent filed in United States Patent Office on or about the 3d day of July, A. D. 1857, and subsequently rejected. My invention not only differs from those above cited as well in the structure as in the arrangement of its parts, but possesses one or more advantages not incident to them. In other words, while it retains all those of the fastening mechanism above mentioned, it has another which results from the adjustable bed not being required to be revolved in order to effect the fastening of the iron in the stock to be varied, such angle being for all practical purposes constant in the said Batchelder’s plane. I thus have the double advantage of not only varying the angle of inclination of the plane-iron, but of being capable of so springing the iron as to vary the breadth of the shaving-mouth of the throat as circumstances may require.

I claim —

1. The combination of the adjustable bed or bearing G, the screws F and D, and the lever E, the whole being arranged with respect to the plane-iron and the stock substantially as specifed.

2. The arrangement of the adjustable bed G, with the fulcrum-screw D, the lever E, the screw F, the plane-iron B, and its bearing b, arranged at the lower part of the throat a, as described.

WING H. TABER.

Witnesses:
J. N. MARSHALL,
JOEL A. ABBOTT.

No. 50,378 – Improvement In Bench Planes (George Müllear) (1865)

[paiddownloads id=”107″]50378

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE MÜLLEAR, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 50,378, dated October 10, 1865.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE MÜLLEAR, of the city and county of San Francisco, and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following description and accompanying drawings are sufficient to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which it most nearly appertains to make and use my said invention or improvements without further invention or experiment.

The nature of my invention and improvement in planes consists in clamping the cutting-bit and turning the shaving cut by means of a metal cap drawn against the bit by a screw in the rear cf the plane-stock, and in making the clamping-cap adjustable horizontally by means of brackets, grooves, and adjusting-screws.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure I is an elevation of a plane with my improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan or top view. Fig. 3 is a section of the plane cut perpendicularly length-wise. Fig. 4 shows some of the parts enlarged and separate from the stock.

In these drawings, A is the plane-stock, B the handle, and C the cutting-bit, all of which are made in the form in common use by mechanics.

A mortise is made entirely through the stock horizontally for the traversing block M, which is fitted to traverse in it and moved by the screw I, which extends back through the rear of the stock and is provided with a collar, K, and there is a pin, L, through the stock behind the collar to prevent the screw from corning out when it is turned to traverse the block M. This block M is provided with two arms, R, which extend forward each side of the bit C and are perforated for screws which screw through the arms into the block N, which is properly the front part of the block M, as they are both traversed together by the screw I. The block N has two perpendicular grooves, P, for the flanges S of the brackets O on the cap H to traversein when the cap H is raised by the screw F or drawn down by the screws G G, which pass through the cap and screw into the block N, the screw F screwing through the cap onto the block N, and the screws G G passing through the cap and screwing into the block N, so that by turning the screws the cap may be adjusted higher or lower on the bit. The cap H is made in the form shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and bent so that both ends bear or press upon the bit C to clamp it in the stock and hold it in its place while the plane is used.

The head E of the screw I fits against the end ofthe stock A, so that by turning the screw I the blocks M and N, with the cap H, are drawn back toward the rear of the plane and the cap H presses upon the bit C and clamps it fast and holds it in position upon its bed in the stock while the plane is used; and the loweredge ofthe cap H may be adjusted higher or lower on the bit by turning the screws F and G so as to turn the shavings cut by the bit more or less short as they are cut. There is a brass plate, D, fitted into each side cf the plane and fastened by screws to cover the mortise occupied by the block M in the stock.

I contemplate that the traversing blocks M and N may both be made in one piece of malIeable iron, if preferred that way.

Having described my improvements, I claim —

I. The screw I, traversing blocks M and N, and cap H, for clamping and holding the bit and turning the shaving cut, substantially as described, whether the cap is made adjustable horizontally or otherwise.

2. Making the cap H adjustable higher or lower onthe cutting-bit by means of the brackets O, grooves P, and screws F and G G.

GEORGE MÜLLEAR.

Witnesses:
C. W. M. SMITH,
H. SAKEMAN.

No. 50,530 – Improvement In Bench Planes (Lyman C. Bliss) (1865)

[paiddownloads id=”108″]50530

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LYMAN C. BLISS, OF RICHMOND, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR. TO LYMAN C. BLISS AND JOHN GRIFFITH.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 50,530, dated October 17, 1865.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LYMAN C. BLISS, of Richmond, in the county of Wayne and State of Indiana,have made new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the nature, construction, and operation of the same, sufficient to enable one skilled in the art to which it appertains to construct and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which are made part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a View of the under side or face of the plane. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line x x, Figs. 1 and 3. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section on the line y y, Figs. 1 and 2.

The same letters refer to corresponding parts in the different figures.

The invention consists in the adaptation to and arrangement in the tool of the jointer and slat-cutting plane.

A is the stock ofthe plane; and B,a strip which is fastened to the face of the plane, acting as a guide and separating the bits., The side C of the plane is occupied by the jointing-bit D, of ordinary construction, and the other side of the plane is faced with plates E and F, the former of which passes from the hind end of the plane to the back edge of the bit G, while the other, starting from the forward end of the plane, is partially overlapped by the oblique edge of the plane-bit G. The bit G is secured by means of a bolt, H, which passes through the slot in the rear edge of the bit and also through an orifice in the plate F, which on its rear edge is divided. The portion f of the plate, or that immediately over the longitudinal channel I in the face of the plane-stock, is cut diagonally, so as to present a yielding edge parallel with the cutting-edge of the bit, which overlaps it.

The operation is as follows: The jointing-bit D being first brought into action, the board from which the strip, splint, or slat is to be cut is straightened, when the plane is shifted so as to bring the other side into action, the sliver cut by the bit G pressing back the tongue f of the plate F, and passing out by the way of the channel I, to be discharged at the rear end ofthe plane. The splint or slat being separated from the edge of the board by the draw-cut of the bit G, leaves the said splint smoother and without cracks.

Having described my invention, what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

As an article of manufacture, a bench-plane constructed, as described, with a jointing-bit and a draw-cut splint-cutting bit on the opposite sides of the dividing-strip on the face of the plane.

LYMAN O. BLISS.

Witnesses :
JOHN FINLEY,
THOS. A. DUGDALE.

No. 50,947 – Improvement In Splint Planes (Harrison Ogborn) (1865)

[paiddownloads id=”109″]13957

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HARRISON OGBORN, OF RICHMOND, INDIANA.

IMPROVEMENT IN SPLINT-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 50,947, dated November 14, 1865.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRISON OGBORN, of Richmond, in the county of Wayne and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes for Cutting Blind-Slats, Splints for Baskets, and other similar work; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, made a part of this specidcation, and the letters of reference thereon, the same letters referring to identical parts.

Figure 1 is a side view of the plane when arranged for use as a jack-plane, showing the bottom of the plane used for cutting slats, &c.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the plane through the line y y, Fig. 4. Fig. 3 is a like section through the line x x, Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the stock. Fig. 5 is a view of the knife employed for splitting the slats or splints. Fig. 6 is a view of a knife for splitting the slats with beveled edges. Fig. 7 shows the adjustable plate for determining the cut and removing splinters that wedge in the plane. Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the knife or bit used on the splint-plane. Fig. 9 is a top view of the same.

The stock of the plane A is arranged for two bits, and having two faces. One of these is an ordinary jack-plane, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The handle B is adjustable, and may be made to stand perpendicularly to either of the plane-faces. It turns upon a rod, M, and, swinging in a notched recess in the corner of the stock, is held perpendicularly to either face by an ordinary window-catch, of which there are two shown, Figs. 2 and 3, G G’.

On the bottom of the face of the splint-plane are shown two adjustable guides, one square, the other beveled. One of these, according to the character of the work, is used on the left-hand side of the plane, held in place by screws with oblong heads working in slots in the ends of the guides, as shown in Fig. 1.

D is the knife or bit ofthe splint-plane, held in place by the same kind of screws working in slots, so as to allow the adjustment of the knife by the aid of the set-screws N N.

E shows the bit of the jack-plane, of ordinary construction, and arranged in the usual manner.

K is an adjustable plate, held by similar screws on the face, allowing its adjustment to the knife as they are worn away in use, to which is attached the set-screw passing through the stock and working in a collar on the upper surface of the plane. This arrangement makes it easy to withdraw the plate in case a splinter should wedge in the space between the plate and knife.

The knives H I, one straight, the other bent for cutting beveled edges, work as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The knives are held in place by the wedge L, and the points protrude through narrow slots in the plate K. (Shown in Fig. 1.) The bent knife its the beveled point of the wedge L. When the straight knife is used the wedge goes on the right of it, but on the left side of the bent knife. There are one or more of these knives used, according to the number of slats intended to be cut from the board. The bent knife is used with the beveled guide.

In operating with this plane, the boards, being dressed, are cut into narrow strips of the proper width on their edges by the knife H, or so that the slats shall have beveled edges, by the knife I. The splints are cut by the knife or bit D passing between the plate K and the bit D. Rising over D, they are bent in a contrary direction, and passing out under the lower surface of the plane they are flattened and delivered free from curves or tendency to twist.

Having thus fully explained the character and operation of my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and seek to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The arrangement, in a splint-plane, of the plate K, bit D, and one or more splitting-knives, and guide C, all constructed and combined substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The arrangement, in a splint-plane, of the piate K, bit D, beveled guide C and one or more bent knives, I, all constructed and combined substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. The combination of the plane-stock A and adjustable handle B, so constructed with the rod M and springs G and G’ as to be capable of being arranged perpendicularly to the two faces of the plane, substantially as described. In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specifcation in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HARRISON OGBORN

Witnesses:
R. MASON, BEN FIELD.

No. 51,153 – Improvement In Splint Planes (James Dempsey) (1865)

[paiddownloads id=”110″]51153

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES DEMPSEY, OF RICHMOND, INDIANA.

IMPROVEMENT IN SPLINT-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 51,153, dated November 28, 1865.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES DEMPSEY, of Richmond, in the county of Wayne and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes for Cutting Slats for Window-Shades or other Thin Splints of Wood.

The object of my invention is to construct a splint-plane that shall be as readily adjustable as the ordinary hand-plane, and have such a channel for the splint when out as that it shall not be broken by being thrown abruptly upward over the knife. In other planes either the splint is liable to be broken or the knife placed horizontally is ditiicult of adjustment. Another object is to provide that the splint when cut shall be perfectly smooth and fit for use as it comes from the plane. Both of these objects are, I believe, accomplished by my im-provements.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will describe its construction and operation, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, and the lettering thereon.

In the different plans the same letters refer to identical parts.

Figure 1 is an elevation showing the half of the plane when divided into two parts, on the line x x, Fig. 3, where the plane as constructed is divided. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section on the line x x, Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a transverse section upon the line y y, Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a plan of the plane, showing the bottom part, the guide being represented as cut away in part. Fig. 5 is a plan showing the construction of the bit. Fig. 6 is a plan showing the construction of the spring in the bottom of the plane.

The stock is made in two parts, A and B, of wood, joined by the dowel-pins L L and by screws.

C is the bit, of which about two inches of the lower end is nearly horizontal, but depressed at the point sutliciently to give the cutting-edge the requisite draft into the wood. It is bent at N, rising and passing transversely through the stock. It is adjusted by the set-screw H, and held firmly in place by the wedge M and clamps E E. These clamps catch upon the bit below and hold it firmly by stress of the nuts E’ E’ upon their upper ends. This bit is constructed with the rectangular slot G, which opens from the angle and extends upward about three inches, and having a width of about seven-eighths (7/8) of an inch. Over this slot the spring G is placed, bent upward and having the upper extremity, near O, turned slightly down, so as to hold firmly to the splint as it passes, and yet guide it through the slot at O. Upon the bottom of the plane, attached by a set-screw working in the slot F, is the spring D, the tongue extending above the bit and forming a guide for the splints as cut. On the bottom of the side B of the stock is fastened a guide, P, made adjustable by the set-screws and slots K.

On the under side ofthe wedge M, at its lower extremity, is cut a groove, of the width of the slot in the bit C, and terminating a little above the point ofthe spring G. Through this groove passes the splint.

In operating with the plane the guide p is set at one-half the width of the splint to be cut from the line x x. The bit C and spring D being adjusted by the set-screws I and H to cut splints of the required thickness, the bit C is held firmly in place by the wedge M and clamps E. The splint, being cut by the sharp point of the bit, rises above it, passing under the tongue of the spring upward through the groove in the under side of the wedge M, over the spring G. It passes through the bit C at O, and is carried through the stock in the groove D, passing out behind the plane unbroken and highly polished by the combined action of the cutter-bit and spring.

Having fully explained my mode of constructing and operating splint-planes, what I claim as my invention, and seek to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. Constructing the bit C of a splint-plane with the slot and spring, substantially as described.

2. The arrangement of the spring D, clamps E, wedge M, stock A B, with the bit C, all of them constructed and combined substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES DEMPSEY.

Witnesses:
R. MASON,
JOHN S. HOLLINGSHEAD.

No. 51,339 – Improvement In Spokeshaves (Silas S. Mowry And Albert G. Bates) (1865)

No. 51,339 – Improvement In Spokeshaves (Silas S. Mowry And Albert G. Bates) (1865)

[paiddownloads id=”111″]51339

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SILAS S. MOWRY AND ALBERT G. BATES, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN SPOKESHAVES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 51,339, dated December 5, 1865.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, SILAS S. MOWRY and ALBERT G. BATES, both of the city and county of Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, have invented a new and useful Improveinent in Spokeshavers; and we do hereby declare that the following specification, taken in connection with the drawings, making a part of the same, is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

Figure 1 is a perspective view. Fig. 2 is a transverse section.

Our improvement has reference to a means for readily adjusting or removing the cutter, so that without loss of time the same can be removed to be sharpened, and be readjusted in place, While at the same time the advantage is secured of being able to make use of the plane-iron so long as there is enough of it left to be held in the stock.

In the accompanying drawings, A, Fig. 1, is the stock of the shaver, constructed with handles B B at the sides in the usual way. It is provided with a stationary iron, G, held by the screws a,a, passing through slots in the iron, so as to admit of adjustment for a finer or coarser cut of the knife, as desired, and thereby give all the advantages of the double plane-iron.

D is the knife or cutter, which is placed at the proper angle in the stock, as determined by the height of the rear portion, b, against which it bears.

The knife is held firmly in the desired position with reference to the stationary iron C by means of two turn-buckles, E E, which turn upon the shanks of the screws a a, which hold the upper iron, as already mentioned. These turn-buckles have the portion which lies between the under surface of the stationary iron and the upper surface of the cutting-iron wedge form, so that when the same are pushed forward they will hold the cutter firmly in place.

It is obvious that the cutter can be removed by turning back these wedge-form pieces, and relieving it from the pressure by which it is held. lt is also apparent that by this method of construction no slot is required in the cutter for the accommodation of a set-screw to hold it in the stock, as is the case in the irons of most shaves; but the same can be used until ground away to within three-eighths of an inch of the back.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The use of the two turning wedge-form pieces E E, for the purpose of holding the cutter of
a spokeshaver in its stock, arranged and operating in the manner substantially as described.

ALBERT G. BATES.
SILAS S. MOWRY.

Witnesses:
W. B. VINCENT,
J. D. THURSTON.

No. 52,173 – Tools For Making Lighters (Albert Kleinschmidt And Francis Schlater) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”112″]13957

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALBERT KLEINSCHMIDT AND FRANCIS SCHLATER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN TOOLS FOR MAKING LIGHTERS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 52,173, dated January 23, 1866.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT KLEINSCHMIDT AND FRANCIS SCHLATER, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented an Instrument for Making Lighters; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Our invention consists of a plane having a longitudinal groove, a diagonal cutter, and diagonal groove, the whole being arranged, substantially as described hereafter, so as to cut from a strip of wood coiled shavings of a tapering form, applicable to the lighting of cigars, &c.

In order to enable others to make and use our invention, we will now proceed to describe its construction and operation.

On reference to the accompanying drawing, which forms a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side view of our plane for making lighters; Fig. 2, an inverted plan view, with parts of the plane removed; Fig. 3, a transverse vertical section on the diagonal line 1 2, Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 a transverse section on the line 3 4, Fig. 1.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

A represents the body of the plane, which is similar, as regards external form, to ordinary planes, and is provided with the usual handle a. A cutter, B, passes through an opening in the body of the plane, and is secured by a wedge, C, the cutter being arranged diagonally and at the near edge of a diagonal groove, j, formed in the under side of the body of the plane. (See Fig. 2.)

It should be understood that the opening in the body of the plane for the reception of the cutter and wedge is entirely filled by the latter.

To the under face of the body of the plane are secured two strips, d and d’, so as to form a longitudinal groove, e, one of these strips covering part of the diagonal groove f, and thereby converting the latter into an opening, h, on one side of the plane, Fig. 1.

In operating with the above-described tool a piece of pine or other wood as free as possible frorn knots is selected, the piece being of the same width as or a trifle narrower than the width of the groove e between the strips d d’. The piece of wood is properly secured edge upward, and the operator, placing his plane so that the edge of wood is situated between the grooves, proceeds to remove shaving after shaving. Each shaving, as it is being cut from the wood, will, owing to the diagonal position of the knife and the groove f pass through the opening h in the form of a tapering coil, as seen at x, Fig. 3. The coiled shavings thus formed retain their uniform shape and neat appearance, and are especially useful for lighting cigars, &c.

We claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The within-described plane, with its longitudinal groove e, diagonal cutter B, and diagonal groove j, the whole being arranged substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALBERT KLEINSCHMIDT.
FRANCIS SCHLATER.

Witnesses:
CHARLES E. FOSTER,
JOHN WHITE.

No. 52,478 – Improvement In Saw Rabbet Planes (Daniel D. Whitker) (1866)

No. 52,478 – Improvement In Saw Rabbet Planes (Daniel D. Whitker) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”113″]52478

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

DANIEL D. WHITKER, OF HUDSON, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN SAW-RABBET PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 52,478, dated February 6, 1866.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL D. WHITKER, of the city of Hudson, in the county of Columbia and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Tool or Instrument for Rabbeting and Plowing or Grooving Lumber, which I call or denominate the “Saw-Rabbet;” and I hereby declare that the following is a clear and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal or side elevation; and Fig. 3 is a transverse section or end view.

The nature of my invention consists in combining an adjustable saw with an adjustable fence or gage, both being attached to a stock with handle similar to a plane, forming together a tool combining the properties of the joiner’s plow and fillister.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

I construct my saw-rabbet with stock and handle similar to a plane, but without mortise for the iron. To the outside of this stock I attach, by means of the screws a a’ a”, an adjustable saw, A. The slots s s’ s” in the saw enable it to be set up or down, so as to cut any desired depth. This saw may be of any required thickness for inserting panels, or by means of the adjustable fence or gage C, attached to the bottom ofthe stock B by the screws b b’ through the slots c c’, may be made to saw one, two, or more cuts or grooves at any desired distance from the edge for rabbeting, or a part for grooving, and the intermediate wood removed by a chisel or ordinary rabbet-plane. But the saw-rabbet is specially adapted to cutting grooves for inserting the rubber weather-strip, and the only tool that can be used advantageously for that purpose. In addition to the foregoing it will do all the work of both the fillister and the plow. lt can also be easily converted into a useful tool for rabbeting on curves or circles by setting out one or both ends ofthe saw by means of curved wedges or thumb-screws. A steel spring fence or gage may then be employed and be set out with the saw.

The stock to which the saw is attached may be of wood or metal. The friction-rolls o o’ o’
in the front edge ofthe gage rest or fence are employed to lessen the friction in operating the saw-rabbet.

The operation of this instrument needs no explanation. It is employed precisely like the fillister and plow, the operation of which is well understood by all carpenters and joiners, and indeed by all who have any acquaintance with these tools.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, Is —

Combining and arranging the adjustable saw A with the adjustable gage-rest G, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.

DANIEL D. WHITKER.

Witnesses:
FRANK A. MACY,
WILLARD S. WOOD.

No. 52,719 – Improvement In Carpenter’s Shooting Boards (Joseph Jones) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”114″]52719

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOSEPH JONES, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ SHOOTING-BOARDS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 52,719, dated February 20, 1866.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH JONES, of the city of Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain Improvements in the Implement technically termed by workers in wood a “Shooting-Board” and I do hereby declare the following to be a full and exact description of the same, reference being herein had to the drawings accompanying this specification, making part of the same.

The nature of my improvement consists in attachments which adapt the board to the shooting or planing at any required angle in the direction required by the grain of the wood, and in securing the plane to the board in a way to ease its motion, at the same time rendering it more stable or solid at its work.

In the drawings, Figure 1 shows the board and the plane as when ready for use. Fig. 2 represents the end of the plane with the peculiarly – formed attachment thereto. Fig. 3 shows the bed-piece to which the plane is connected, with the providings for holding the plane securely thereto; also is shown an end view of the bed-piece and an end view of the shooting – board, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows the various parts used in the construction of the stop against which the piece to be planed is held.

The base-board, as is usual, has the part A elevated above the part B, the difference being increased in my improvement to admit under the plane C the bed-piece D, Fig. 3, the edge z of the bed-piece D being fitted to and sliding in the groove y in the edge of the elevated part A of the base-board.

The groove is shown in the end view of the base-board, Fig. 3.

The edge x has a projection, u, on the under side, as shown in the end view in Fig. 3, which slides in the V-shaped groove t. (Seen in the end view of the base-board at Fig. 3.)

On each end of the plane C is affixed a projecting piece, s, Fig. 2, which, when the plane is placed in the bed-piece D, is between the ends of the set-screws r, by which the plane is held down firmly to the bed-piece. The piece s being wider at the bottom than at the top, every turn of the screws r tends to pressing the plane close down to the bed-piece D, the set-screws being attached to the bed-piece by their nuts being formed in the projections p on the bed-piece D.

When necessary varied inclinations of the face of the plane C can be had by inclined bed-pieces, and the same result is attainable by the use of beveled pieces laid on the base-board under the piece to be planed.

The stop against which the board is placed to be planed has a face-piece, o, Fig. 4, has on its back a projecting plate, n, said plate having a flange in which are two slots, through which the two screws on pass into the face-piece o, by which means are provided for the adjustment ofthe face-piece required when planing at different angles.

The under side of the projecting plate it is formed as a groove of the required width to admit the piece k, Fig. 4, upon which the projecting plate n is movable.

The edge view of the piece k shows on the under side a pin, j, which fits the holes i on the base-board, Fig. 1, to keep the stop in the desired place required by various angles, the whole combined stop being secured to the base-board by the thumb-screw E, Fig. 4, which passes through the slots h, (seen in the base-board,) the projecting piece n, and the slide k, the head being below and the nut on the upper side.

In the provisions above described for the adjustment of the parts of a shooting-board necessary for angular planing and tor the steadiness and security of the plane, I do not confine myself to either metal or wood in any of the parts, using the one or the other as the worlrman chooses.

For convenience a projection, g, is attached to the end of the stop face-piece o, to form a support when the piece being planed is of an inconvenient length to be held steady by the hand of the operator.
The placing of a handle upon the side of the plane that is uppermost when performing the operation of shooting joints on the board gives the workman important advantage over the ordinary manner of grasping the body of the plane in the hand.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The shooting – board constructed and arranged substantially as hereinabove specified, as an improved implement or tool.

JOSEPH JONES.

Witnesses:
CHAS. H. SKINNER,
WILLIAM MARTIN.

No. 53,698 – Improvement In Spokeshaves (John G. Steiger) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”115″]53698

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN G. STEIGER, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN SPOKESHAVES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 53,698, dated April 3, 1866.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J. G. STEIGER, of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Box-Scraper and Draw-Shave Combined; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and complete description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a top view. Fig. 2 is a view of the under side. Fig. 3 is a transverse section in the direction of the lines x x Figs. 1 and 2.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the several views.

My improvement relates to a combined box-scraper and draw-shave, constructed and arranged as hereinafter described.

The draw-shave consists of an elongated metal piece, the ends A of which are shaped into handles, as represented in Figs. 1 and 2. The middle part, A’, is formed into a neck with shoulders b on each side.

B is the blade or scraper, the ends of which it into the shoulders, as shown at e.

C is a clamp fitting onto one side of the blade, holding it in place, being secured or clamped on by means of thumb – screws d, screwed through the shoulders b into the ends of the clamp, which come against one side of the shoulders. The under side, C’, of the clamp and A” of the neck, where the edge of the blade B comes through, are flat and smooth, as seen in Figs. 2 and 3.

The blade B is inclined in its position, as represented in Fig. 3, between which and the neck A’, transversely, and between the shoulders b, longitudinally, the throat D is formed, where the scrapings and shavings pass up through as it is used.

The handles A, neck A’, and shoulders b are east in one entire piece, the clamp C like-wise, so that it is very simple and economical in its construction.

The blade is made of one piece, and can be set in or out more or less, as may be desired, by simply adjusting the set-screws; or a new blade can be put in when one is worn out.

When used for a draw-shave it is of the shape represented in Figs. 1 and 2; but for a box-scraper the handles should be turned up or elevated a little, so that the hands will not come in contact with the board as it is drawn over it.

What I claim as my improvement, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The special construction of the cast handle and clamp,with the shoulders b, formed between the clamp and handle, blade B, and set-screws d, and operating substantially as described.

JOH. G. STEIGER.

Witnesses:
W. H. BURRIDGE,
FRANK ALDEN.

No. 53,899 – Planes For Making Blind Slats (Enoch K. Thomas And Hans H. Andresen) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”116″]53899

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ENOCH K. THOMAS, OF ROCK ISLAND, ILLINOIS, AND HANS H. ANDRESEN, OF DAVENPORT, IOWA.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES FOR MAKING BLIND-SLATS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 53,899, dated April 10, 1866.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ENOCH K. THOMAS, of Rock Island, Rock Island county, and State of Illinois, and HANS HEINRICH ANDRESEN, of Davenport, Scott county, State of Iowa, have invented a new and useful Plane for Making Window-Shade Slats; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a single-iron slat-plane. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the cutter or plane-iron detached from the plane-stock. Fig. 3 is a sectional view, showing the mode of cutting slats from a piece of wood. Fig. 4 is a front end view of the single iron plane. Fig. 5 is a front end view of a plane-stock which is adapted for receiving three cutters.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

The object of this invention is to produce slats for wooden window-shades of a uniform thickness and width by means of a plane which is so constructed that the slats pass freely through the plane-iron between the sole of the plane-stock and its bottom cutter without liability of becoming broken or otherwise injured, as will be hereinafter described.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand Our invention, we will describe its construction and operation.

The plane which we have represented in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the drawings is intended for cutting one slat at a time from a piece of wood. The sole of this plane has three steps, a a’ a”. The intermediate step, a, is equal in width to the width of the slats which are produced, and the vertical surface of the step a2 is intended to form a side guide for the plane-stock in its forward movements over the piece of wood from which the strips or slats are cut.

The cutter or plane-iron B has a cutting-lip, b, on its lower end and a cutting-lip, c, formed on one side — that side which is nearest the step a. This plane-iron has an opening, d, through it, which should be equal in width to the width of the slats that are cut, so that as the slats that are severed from the piece of wood by the horizontal and vertical cutting-lips b c these slats will pass freely through the plane-iron without being materially bent out of a straight line, as shown in Fig. 3.

The plane-iron B is secured at the required pitch in its stock A by means of a wedge, C, in the usual manner of securing common plane-irons into their stocks, and the cutting-lip b projects below the sole of the stock a distance which is equal to the thickness desired for the slats.

It will be necessary to form a depression, e, just in rear of the cutter lf, so as to allow of the slats rising over this cutter; but as this cutter can be made quite thin, it will not be necessary to form much of a depression in the sole of the stock.

To obviate a gouging action of the cutting-lip b, which would cause the plane to work very hard and produce slats of an uniform thickness, the space between the cutting-edge of said lip and the lower end of the wedge C should not be greater than the required thickness ofthe slats. The space back of this point for a short distance may be increased, as above mentioned.

It will be seen from the above description of our plane or slat-cutter that the slat is held firmly down upon the surface of the piece of wood during the operation of producing it, and that the only elevation of the slat from such surface takes place at the cutter b, which must pass under the slat; but while this is the case the slat which is being cut will he held down in rear of said cutter, so that it cannot be broken or split.

We do not confine our invention to a single-iron plane for cutting or producing slats, as the stock may be adapted for receiving two, three, or more cutters, arranged as shown in Fig. 5, so that a number of slats can be cut at each forward movement of the plane over the piece of stuff.

It is obvious that this plane may be secured to a bench-vise or to any other object and the stuff moved over it instead of moving the plane by hand over the fixed stuff ; or, if desirable, the plane or the stuff from which the slats are cut may be moved by machinery without changing the principle of our invention. One great advantage of our invention is that we can cut slats from the side or edge of a board or log without the necessity of resawing and previously dressing the stuff, and this can be done with stuff of any thickness or width.

Were not our cutter provided with the two cutting-edges described, the splints or slats could not be cut from a bolt or plank of a greater thickness than the length of the cutting-edge of the cutter or plane-iron. This will be evident from an inspection of the drawings illustrating our mode of cutting strips or splints from a large bolt or log.

By arranging a series of cutters on a plane-stock, stepped as shown, we can, after having cut a series of splints from the bolt, bring two cutters into use, and after we have cut another series of splints by each of the two cutters we can bring into use a third cutter in connection with the two which are already brought into use, and so on, according to the number of steps and cutters provided on the plane-stock. To bring the different cutters into use a channel in the wood must be made tbr a succeeding cutter by a preceding cutter, as must be evident. Thus by our invention a series of splints may be cut at one time from a bolt which is of much greater thickness than the length of the edge of either of the cutters after channels adapted for the respective cutters are cut in the bolt.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The construction of a cutter for producing slats with two cutting-edges and an opening through the shank of the cutter for the passage ofthe slats, substantially as described.

2. The combination of one or more slat-cutters, constructed substantially as described, with a plane-stock having its sole stepped substantially as set forth.

ENOCH K. THOMAS.
HANS HEINRICH ANDRESEN.

Witnesses:
HANS ARBAHR,
HANS KÜHAER.

No. 17,657 – Bench Plane (Thomas D. Worrall) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”47″]17657

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS D. WORRALL, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND THOMAS F. CALDICOTT, ASSIGNORS TO THOMAS F. CALDICOTT, OF CHARLESTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE FOR FINISHING GROOVES IN PATTERNS &c.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,657, dated June 23, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS D. WORRALL, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Bench Plane or Jointer; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view of the same. Fig 2 a side elevation o it. Fig. 3 a vertical, central, and longitudinal section of it. Fig. 4 a horizontal section of its cutter holder and clamp.

In these drawings A denotes the body or stock of the plane as made of wood and having a handle B projecting upward from it, such part A generally being about one-half or less than one-half the thickness of stocks for bench planes or jointers as ordinarily made. The said stock is provided with a separate metallic cutter holder C, which is placed on its top and fastened to it by means of screws as seen at a, a. This cutter holder formed as shown in the drawings, is furnished with a slide clamp D, made so as to embrace a dovetailed projection ln, extending from the rear side of the cutter or plane iron E, as shown in the drawings. Such slide is provided with a slot f, for the reception of wedges F, G, which act against one another, the rear end of the slot and a shoulder c formed in the cutter holder. By driving up these wedges the cutter is drawn firmly down upon its seat d, formed in the holder and does not depend on the wood of the plane iron to enable it to be held in place.

By my construction of the plane important advantages are gained. It may be made lighter than ordinary planes of the kind ; its cutter is more firmly held in position ; its devices for clamping the cutter are compact and disposed in convenient positions for the carpenter to operate them as occasion may require. Furthermore, they are well protected both by the handle and the cutter so as not to be liable to be disturbed or disarranged except as occasion may require.

What I claim is —

The improved manufacture of carpenter’s bench plane or jointer as made with its handle, its wooden stock to which said handle is atlixed, and a separate metallic cutter holder, and cutter clamping devices arranged together substantially as specified.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature.

THOS. D. WORRALL.

Witnesses:
J. C. DOWNING,
JOHN E. CRANE.

No. 16,889 – Carpenter’s Plane (M.B. Tidey) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”38″]16889

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

M. B. TIDEY, OF ITHACA, NEW YORK.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,889, dated DMarch 24, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, M. B. TIDEY, of Ithaca, in the county of Tompkins and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Mode of Constructing Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and clear description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a View of the cavity or throat opening of the plane stock as constructed for the reception of the bit-case. Fig. 2 is a reverse view of the same and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof. Fig. 4; is a bit-case to be applied to said cavity and Fig. 5 is a view of the lower extremity thereof. Fig. 6 is the same as Fig. 1 with the bit-case applied, and Fig. 7 is a reverse view of the same. Fig. 8 is a view of the plane complete as invented and constructed by me.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in these several figures.

The object of this invention is, first to simplify the manufacturing of planes; second to render them more durable; third to retain a uniform mouth; fourth to obviate their clogging and fifth the retention of the essential part of the plane when the stock is worn out.

The following description will enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention.

The mode of my invention consists in the construction of planes of wood and in the usual way with the exception of the cavity or throat opening which is essentially different as will be seen hereafter.

I construct in the plane stock a cavity of uniform width as denoted by lines a, Figs. 1, 2, 6, 7, and 8, which terminates longitudinally at lines 5, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8. Fig. 1 is an upper view of said cavity showing also the adjustable screw B with supporting nut C and screw holes f, f, also finishing cuts c, c. Fig. 2 is a reverse view of the same showing the face of the plane. The lines F, F, F, F, Fig. 3, represents the back face and the lower part of the front face of the cavity or throat opening and are to be made parallel with each other or nearly so, the object of which is to prevent any space or opening at point D, Fig. 7, by drawing up the bit-case for the purpose of refacing the plane. In the cavity as thus constructed I apply the metallic bit-case (Fig. 4) as seen at A, Fig. 6, which is secured thereto by screws d d through slots e, e, entering nut f, said nut being a rod of iron passing through the plane stock for that purpose. The bit-case passes through the stock, its lower extremity constituting a section of the plane’s face being provided with a mouth q and other formations necessary to the reception of the bit and its means of fastening thereto. The bit-case I arrange so as to be adjusted according to the wear or diminution of the plane’s face, for which purpose I throw the upper extremity of the case back making a projection at right angles with its bed A, which is provided with recess g, which is received by groove h, of adjustable screw B, by the operation of which the bit-case may be set at pleasure, slots e e, Figs. 4 and 6, admitting its passage under screw heads d, d, when loosened.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

The application to the cavity of the plane stock of a metallic bit-case and so applying it that its lower extremity shall constitute a part of the plane’s face constructed and operated substantially for the purpose and in the way set forth.

M. B. TIDEY.

Witnesses:
WM. ANGLE,
WM. F. PECK.