No. 82,424 – Improvement In Planes For Cutting Blind-Slats (R.E. Lowe) (1868)

[paiddownloads id=”145″]82424

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

R. E. LOWE, OF UPPER ALTON, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES FOR CUTTING BLIND-SLATS.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 82,424, dated September 22, 1868.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, R. E. LOWE, of Upper Alton, in the county of Madison and State of Illinois, have invented a new and Improved Rustic-Blind-Slat Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a bottom view.

The object of this invention is to construct a simple and easily-adjustable instrument, by which the slats of which rustic window-blinds are made can be out out from the wood in an easy and expeditious manner. The instrument is so improved that the slats can be cut of different widths and thicknesses, while, if the plane becomes dull, it can be made to present a sharp edge again in a moment of time, without the necessity of removing it to be ground or sharpened.

In the drawings, A A’ is the stock; B, the handle, and C an adjustable shoe, held at the rear end by a screw, c, and held and adjusted at or near the forward end by a larger and stronger set-screw, c’, provided with a thumb piece or nut on the upper side of the stock. This shoe does not extend across the whole width ofthe sole of the stock, but lies in a groove or longitudinal depression in the latter, as seen in the bottom view, Fig. 2. The part A represents the body of the stock, A A’ representing a projecting flange along its left lower edge, which operates against the side or edge of the stick from which the slats are cut, and serves to guide the instrument.

D is the bit or cutter-iron, lying obliquely across the sole in a flat position upon two supporting-plates, E E, which are screwed to the stock, and itself being firmly held in position by two hooks, F F, the shanks of which pass through the stock and enter the screw-nuts G G on its upper side, just in front of the handle. The supporting-plates E E rest upon the stock, and neither they, nor the cutter-iron, nor the hooks F F are connected in any way with the shoe C, which lies under the cutter, as shown in Fig. 2. In consequence of this arrangement, when the shoe is adjusted up or down by means of the set-screw c’, the thickness of the slat that the iron will cut is perfectly controlled and regulated thereby. Strips of rubber may be placed under the ends of the bit, between it and the wood, to hold it more firmly. The width of the track between the projecting flange A’ and the opposite projecting hook F, between which the stick that is operated upon must be held, is such that a wide slat may be cut; or, by means of a splitting-gage, H, one or two narrow ones may be made.

In practical operation I usually construct the instrument so that it will, without the gage, cut a strip of one inch in width, or, with the gage, will cut two strips of half an inch each. Were the bit only of sufficient length to cut one strip, without the possibility of shifting it endwise, so as to bring anew cutting-edge or an unused portion of the same cutting-edge into operation when one part of the edge becomes dull, the workman would be obliged to take out the bit and sharpen it every time it lost its edge. I obviate this difficulty by making it of such length that it can be shifted endwise in either direction, so as to bring a fresh portion of the edge into operation. Practically I construct it so that it will cut a one-half inch strip at its center, and, when dull there, can be shifted half an inch either to right or to left. Its edge will hold without grinding, therefore, three times as long as if of the usual form.

In order to support and guard the projecting ends of the cutter-iron, I attach guards I I to the side of the stock, their under edge flush with the sole of the stock, and a groove or depression sunk obliquely across them to allow the longitudinal movement of the cutter-iron.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The arrangement of the shoe G, stock A A’, screws c c’, cutter-iron D, and clamping-hooks and nuts F G, substantially as described, when the parts are constructed to operate in the manner set forth.

2. The arrangement of the guards I I with the knife D, the track C, and the gage H, constructed and operating substantially as described.

R. E. LOWE.

Witnesses :
C. W. LEVERETT,
J. B. HOVEY.

No. 82,450 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (John Blake Tarr) (1868)

[paiddownloads id=”146″]82450

United States Patent Office.

JOHN BLAKE TARR, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

Letters Patent No. 82,450, dated December 18, 1868.
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IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, JOHN BLAKE TARR, of Chicago, Cook county, State of Illinois, have invented an Improved Carpenters’ Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, taken vertically through the centre of my improved plane.
Figure 2 is a similar view of the same parts, showing the plane-iron set to cut a very thick shaving.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the plane complete.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to an improvement in adjusting and setting plane-irons of carpenters’ or bench-planes, of various descriptions, whereby these irons or blades can be adjusted and set at any desired pitch for removing very thin or very thick shavings, by simply turning a thumb-screw, which is applied to the plane-stock and blade in such manner as to give a greater or less bow or bend to the latter, according to the pitch required, as will be hereinafter described.

Before my invention, plane-irons have been applied to plane-stocks by means of clamping-devices, which bent or bowed the irons, so as to increase or diminish the pitch of their cutting-edges for removing thick or thin shavings. The objection to said devices is, that it is necessary to render the plane-irons comparatively loose in adjusting their cutting-edges for removing thick shavings. The object of my invention is, to so construct and apply adjusting-clamps to plane-irons and their stocks, that the greater the amount of pitch given to the cutting-edges of the irons, the tighter will they be held, as will be hereinafter described.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention, I will describe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings —

A represents the stock of a jointing-plane, having my invention applied to it. This stock is constructed in the usual well-known manner, and is also in the blade or plane-iron B, as will be seen by reference to figs. 1 and 2.

Near the upper termination of the inclined bed a of the plane-stock, a recess is made, into which is fitted and firmly secured a plate, b, having a deep notch or slot formed in it, which should be exactly in the centre of the width of the stock.

In rear of this slotted plate b, and in a line therewith, a hole is bored into the plane-stock, and screw-tapped for receiving a male-screw, C, which has a T-head formed upon its upper end. A similar T-head screw, D, is tapped into the plane-stock in front of the slotted plate b. Both screws, C and D, are in the same vertical plane, and both have the same degree of inclination backward, as shown in figs. 1 and 2. The screw C projects from the top of the plane-stock, and the screw D projects from the inclined bed a of this stock. They are arranged about equal distances from the slotted plate b, and may be adjusted further into or out of the stock at pleasure, by turning them to the right or left.

A thumb-screw, E, is tapped through a sliding nut, F, applied to the plane-iron B, which screw has an annular groove formed in it near that end which is opposite its head. This groove leaves a contracted neck, which is received by the groove or notch in the upper edge of fixed plate b, as shown in figs. 1 and 2, thus affording a purchase for the screw E, when applied in its place.

The nut F has grooves in its sides, at right angles to the axis of the screw E, which grooves receive the inner edges of the plane-iron B, when the nut is applied in the slot thereof, and thus afford an attachment for the nut to the plane-iron.

The heads on the screws C and D are turned so as to bring them in line with the length of the slot through the plane-iron.

The nut F, with screw E applied to it, is slipped upon the plane-iron, and the latter adjusted in place in the plane, so that the neck of the screw E will be received by the slot or notch on plate b, and the screws C D passed through the plane-iron slot, as shown in the drawings. The screws C and D are then turned around so as to leave their heads cross-wise of the slot through the plane-iron, thereby causing them to serve as bearings against wliich the plane-iron is pressed upward, by tightening the screw E.

It will be seen, from the above description, that the plane-iron is forced upward and forward against the lower edges of the heads of screws C D, by means of an adjusting-screw, which is between said screws; consequently the degree of inclination of said plane-iron will be governed by the relative positions of the beads of said screws C D, which latter can be adjusted at pleasure, when the plane-iron is released from pressure.

It will also be seen that by setting the screw E up tight, the plane-iron will be more or less curved or bent out of a straight line, as shown in fig. 2, the result of which will be to throw back the cutting-edge of said iron and increase or diminish its pitch, and the size of the throat. By this arrangement, a very nice adjustment can be effected by simply turning the thumb-screw E, while, at the same time, the greater the pitch attained, the stronger will the plane-iron be held in place.
To remove the plane-iron for sharpening it, it is only necessary to loosen the screw E, and turn the heads of the screws C D in line with the slot through the plane-iron, when the latter may be slipped out of its place, and the screw E and its nut detached from it.

I do not claim, broadly, adjusting the cutting-edges of plane-irons by pressure applied between the upper and lower ends of the iron; but

What I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination of the central clamping and tightening-device with the adjustable supports C D, the said device and the supports being applied to a plane-stock, and in the relation to the plane-iron thereof, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

2. Making the two supports or abutments C D adjustable, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

3. Applying pressure to a plane-iron between two supports, C D, through a device, E F, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein described.

4. Changing the pitch and tightening the plane-iron by the same means, and at the same time, the means employed being constructed and operated substantially as herein described.

5. The adjusting of the plane~iron by means of the clamping-device composed of the screws C, D, and E, nut F, and plate b, and applied in such manner that the bit is tightened, and the pitch changed at the same time, and by the same means, when constructed to operate substantially in the manner described.

6. Arranging the plane-iron beneath the heads or shoulders of two adjustable bearings, C D, and under a shoulder of a nut, F, so that it may be adjusted by means of either or both ofthe bearings C D, and may be tightened and have its pitch changed by the screw E, all substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.

JOHN BLAKE TARR.

Witnesses:
EDW. SCHAFER,
EDM. F. BROWN.

No. 76,051 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (E.M. Chapin And Solon Rust) (1868)

[paiddownloads id=”137″]76051

United States Patent Office.

E. M. CHAPIN AND SOLON RUST, OF PINE MEADOW, CONNECTICUT.

Letters Patent No. 76,051, dated March 31, 1868.
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IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that we, E. M. CHAPIN and SOLON RUST, of Pine Meadow, in the county of Litchfield, and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Ploughs and other Fence-Tools for Joiners’ Use; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable those skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

The object of this invention is to construct a joiners’ plough and other similar tools, which are provided with adjustable fences, in such a manner that the fence-guides and screws will not extend through the body or stock of the implement, as is now the case, and which is a source of a great deal of annoyance in using such tools, rendering it necessary for the workman, each time the tool is used, to remove out of the way, or to one side, tools and implements of various kinds on the work-bench, which may chance to be at the right-hand side of the tool and near the same.

The invention has further for its object the connecting of the adjusting-screw to the stock of the implement in such a manner that said screw, in case of being broken or injured in any way, may be detached with the greatest facility, and a new screw inserted.

Figure 1 is a plan or top view of our invention.
Figure 2, a side view of the same, partly in section.
Figure 3, a transverse section of the same, taken in the line x x, fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

A represents the body or stock of the implement, which may be constructed in the usual way, and B is the fence, which may also be of ordinary construction.

C C are two metallic guides, which are firmly secured, by screws or otherwise, to the face or sole of the stock A, one near each end of the same, said guides being parallel with each other, and provided each with a longitudinal slot, at, extending nearly their whole length. These guides pass through mortises in the fence, the latter being allowed to slide freely on them, and secured at any desired point on the guides by set-screws b b, which pass vertically through the fence into nuts therein below the guides, and press collars c upon the same, as shown clearly in fig. 2. The guides C C project from the left-hand side of the stock A of the plough, and do not extend to the right-hand side of the same.

D is a screw, which passes through the upper part of the fence B, about in line with its centre, and works in an internal thread therein. The inner end of this screw, which is of wood, is turned down to form a tenon, d, which is fitted in the side of the stock A, and allowed to turn freely therein. In the opposite side of the stock A there is made an opening, rather larger in diameter than the opening which receives the tenon d of the screw, but concentric with it, (see fig. 3,) and in this larger opening there is fitted a cylindrical wooden head, e, which has a hole made longitudinally in its inner end, to receive the teuon d, the tenon being secured in e by glue or by a screw.

By this arrangement the screw D has two bearings, f, g, one, f, the shoulder, formed by the tenon clwhich bears against the side of the stock A, and the other, g, the inner end of the head e, which bears against the inner end of the opening in which said head is iitted, as shown clearly in fig. 3.

The fence B is adjusted by turning the screw D, as will be readily seen; and in the event of the breaking of the screw, or the same being injured in any way, it may be cut off adjoining the stock A, and the tenon d driven out of the stock.

The present plan is to have a groove cut circumferentially in the screw, and a key inserted in the stock, so as to pass down into the groove. This plan involves the necessity of withdrawing the key in order to liberate the screw, in case the latter becomes broken or injured. This is attended with considerable diiiiculty, and the stock is invariably more or less disfigured by the operation.

The guides and screw are at one side of the stock only, not projecting through the stock at all, and hence are not in the way of articles on the right hand of the stock, as is the ease with the ordinary ploughs and other adjustable fence-tools, and which involves the necessity of moving articles on the work-bench out of the way of the screws and guides, each time the implement is used.

We claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The joiners’ plough, constructed as described, and consisting of the stock A, having slotted, flanged guides C projecting from one side, the fence B, screw D, formed with a, tenon, d, and fitted with at head, c, and the thumb-screws c’ b, provided with collars c, all arranged and operating in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

E. M. CHAPIN,
SOLON RUST.

Witnesses :
B. G. LOOMIS,
GEORGE W. CHAPIN.

No. 86,295 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Philander S. Foster) (1869)

[paiddownloads id=”147″]86295

United States Patent Office.

PHILANDER S. FOSTER, OF RICHMOND, MAINE.

Letters Patent No. 86,295, dated January 26, 1869.
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IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PHILANDER S. FOSTER, of Richmond, in the county of Sagadahoc, and State of Maine, have invented a new and valuable Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1, of the drawings, is a side view of my bench-plane;
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section; and
Figure 3 is a cross-section of the same.

My invention relates to that class of bench-planes constructed partly of wood and partly of metal; and It consists in providing a remedy against the difficulty commonly called choking, by means that are more permanent and efficient than have heretofore been devised.

By my device, also, a wider bit may be used, and consequently a wider shaving be cut, than by the ordinary bench-planes.

The letter A, of the drawings, represents the removable and adjustable wooden front of the plane, and the letter B is the wooden rear thereof.

The part A is constructed with a slot in its middle, running lengthwise, as shown on fig. 2, adapted to hold and operate with the thumb-screw C. This slot is marked H on the drawings.

The letters D are metallic plates, adjusted respectively on each side of the wooden parts of the plane, in the manner shown on figs. 1 and 3.

That portion of these metallic side plates respectively which is adjusted forward of the bit and throat, is constructed in a bevelled form, as shown on fig. 3, and is adapted to corresponding grooves, out in the sides of the part A, in which grooves it is held securely and firmly by the thumb-screw C, in conjunction with its bevelled form so resting in its grooves.

The part A is cut off square at its rear end, leaving a small bevel at the point c, upon which the hammer may be used.

I sometimes also arrange metallic boxings in the grooves of the part A, adjusted to the plates D. These boxings will save the wear of the wood, and when properly oiled, will aid in the adjustment of said part to the bit of the plane.

The thumb-screw G passes through both plates D and the slot H, and serves as a means of tightening, loosening, and fastening the part A, at the will of the operator.

The letter E is the bit, and letter F is the wedge of the plane. These are adjusted in diagonal slots, formed in the inner sides of the plates D respectively, in the manner shown on fig. 2.

The fact that the bit and wedge are adjusted in plates of metal, instead of the wooden throat of the plane, as is usual, justifies the manufacturer in adapting a bit to the plane, that shall be wider, and consequently shall out a wider shaving than is prudent in planes wherein the bit is adjusted in wood only.

It will readily be perceived that by the upright formation of the rear end of part A, the plane is provided with a large open throat, which greatly lessens the danger of choking, and that in case such an event occurs, the chips in the throat may be easily loosened and removed, by moving the part A forward. This movement is effected by unscrewing the thumb-screw C, and striking a gentle blow with a hammer on the bevel c.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

A bench-plane, having bevelled metallic side plates D, wooden sections A and B, slot H, and thumb-screw C, when the same are constructed and arranged as specified.

In testimony that I claim the above, I have hereunto subscribed my name, in the presence of two witnesses.

PHILANDER S. FOSTER.

Witnesses :
WM. S. HAGAR,
WM. H. STUART.

No. 72,443 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Leonard Bailey) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”134″]72443

United States Patent Office.

LEONARD BAILEY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 72,443, dated December 24, 1867.
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IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

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TO ALL PERSONS TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specihcation, and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view, and Figure 2, a longitudinal section of a plane-iron and its cap-iron, and their holding-devices, such cap-iron being constructed in accordance with my improvement.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the plane-iron and cap-iron, as ordinarily constructed, that is to say, with one bend, a, only near the bearing-edge of the cap-iron.

My object is to use very thin steel plane-irons, and in so doing I find that they are liable to buckle under the pressure of the cap, which causes them to chatter, and makes them otherwise imperfect; and my invention consists in the providing of an auxiliary point of contact between the cap and plane-iron, and at the point where the plane-iron tends to buckle or rise from its bed or base, and thus have a pressure at that point in addition to that at the cutting-edge, which firmly holds this thin plane-iron to its bed.

The cap-iron, as commonly constructed, that is, as shown at D, in fig. 3, when applied to the plane-iron E, will rest thereon only at the extreme lower end of the cap-iron, and also at or very near its upper end. There will be along angular space, b, between the two irons, when they are clamped together by the holding-devices which are represented in figs. 2 and 3, at A, B, and C, and consist of a screw, A, a bearing, B, and a cam-lever, C, arranged in a manner well known.

The dfficulty experienced from the construction of the cap-iron with the single bend a, is, that it allows of vibration of the cap-iron and the plane-iron while in use, such vibration being productive of what joiners term “chattering,” and consequent defective operation of the plane.

In carrying out my improvement, I make the cap-iron with an additional bend, b, (see figs. 2 and 3,) at a short distance back of its lower end or toe, or at a distance therefrom equal to about double the distance at which such lower edge or toe is to be from the main bend a, or the toe of the bearer B, the same being as shown in figs. 2 and I, so as to cause the cap-iron D’ to bear on the plane-iron E’ in three places, or at the toe and auxiliary bend of the cap-iron, and along from such bend to the heel or upper end of the cap-iron. This construction or formation of the cap-iron D’ completely obviates the difficulty above mentioned, and is a very valuable and useful improvement.

In all bench~planes the plane-iron must project slightly beyond its bed or bearing, the edge of the bed beyond which it projects serving as a fulcrum to the force of the pressure ofthe cap upon the extreme edge of the plane-iron. When thick plane-irons are used, their stiffness may resist the pressure of the cap sufficiently to prevent buckling or rising of the plane-iron from its bed; but in thin steel plane-irons which I use, the pressure of the cap upon the projecting portion of the plane~iron causes this portion to yield slightly, and of course produces buckling at some point behind, and generally close to the fulcrum. To prevent this buckling or rising, and still use the thin steel plane-irons, I put an extra bend in the cap, so that it shall have a point of impact with the thin steel at the place where it tends, from the pressure on its projecting edge, and the fulcrum behind that edge, to risefrom its bed, and thus I effectually prevent “buckling” and “chattering,” whilst I can avail myself of the economy of thin steel for the plane-irons.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent in the adaptation of thin steel to the plane-irons of bench-planes, is —

The auxiliary point of impact between the cap and the thin plane-iron, at the point or portion thereof where the thin steel tends to buckle under the pressure of the cap upon the projecting edge of the plane-iron, substantially in the manner described.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 67,398 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Leonard Bailey) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”130″]67398

United States Patent Office.

LEONARD BAILEY OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 67,398, dated August 6, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENTS IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL PERSONS TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specification, and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view.

Figure 2, a side elevation, and

Figure 3 a longitudinal section of a plane provided with my invention.

The stock of the plane I construct in two parts, A B, the throat C for the reception ofthe plane-iron being formed in both of them in manner as represented. The lower portion B of the stock I make of wood, and the upper portion A of iron or metal, each being formed in manner as represented in the drawings. The portion A is placed on the top of the part B, and they are connected by clamp-screws a b going down through slots c d made in the part A, the same being so as to enable the part A to he moved a little lengthwise or adjusted on the part B, as occasion may require, in order to bring the plane-iron supporting-face e of such part A flush or even with the upper surface of a thin plate when glued or fixed to the plane-iron or supporting-face f of the part B. As the lower surface of the part B may become worn away, from use of the plane, the opening of the lower part of the throat will grow wider, and finally become so wide as to render it necessary to glue, or fix on the back or inclined face of that part of the throat which is on the part B, a thin layer or plate of wood or other material of sufficient thickness to bring the plane-iron in its true relation with the front edge of the opening of the throat. The advantage of applying the parts A and B to each other in manner or so as to enable the part A to be moved and adjusted on the part B will thus be apparent. The plane-iron is represented at C’ as provided with a cap-iron, D, which is fastened to the plane-iron by means of a clamp-screw, g, which goes through a slot, k, made lengthwise in the plane-iron and screws into the cap-iron. The cap-iron, near its upper end or heel, and directly over the slot h, I form with a hole or slot, k, to receive the shorter arm l of a forked lever, D’, which, with its fulcrum m, is arranged in the part A in manner as represented. The said forked lever is shown in top view in Figure 4, its shorter arm being arranged at or about at a right angle with its longer or furcated arm. The two prongs of the forked arms embrace the shank of a nut, E, and enter a groove, l’, made in and around the shank. This nut is screwed on a vertical male screw, F, extending up from the part A and near to its rear handle m’, in manner as shown in the drawings. The object of the said nut and furcated lever, as arranged and applied to the part A or the plane-stock, and the cap of the plane-iron, as explained and represented, is to enable a person to move the said plane-iron lengthwise in order to properly adjust its cutting-edge with reference to the bottom surface of the plane-stock. Were the hole k in the plane-iron instead of in the cap-iron, the plane-iron, as it might become worn up by the process of sharpening it, would require a new hole or series of holes in it to render it available, but by having the hole k in the cap-iron, such hole not only serves, with the shorter arm of the lever D, as a means of readily attaining the proper position of the plane-iron and its cap-iron in the stock, but enables the plane-iron to be adjusted by the action of the lever and the nut and screw, and to be adjusted on the cap-iron, as occasion may require, after a sharpening of the plane may have taken place. In order to aid in depressing the heel of the fastening bearer or lever G from the head of the screw H, as well as to afford a means of aiding in throwing up the cam-lever I, and to enable the cam o of such lever to turn without friction on the cap-iron, I affix to the bearer, on its under side, a spring plate, p, it being arranged with the bearer and its lever I in manner as represented.

What I claim as my invention in the above-described joiner’s plane is as follows:

I claim the arrangement of the two parts A B of the stock together, and with slots c d and clamp-screws a b, as described, whereby such parts may be adjusted with reference to each and clamped together as and for the purpose specified.

I also claim the combination as well as the arrangement of the adjusting screw F and nut E, or the equivalent thereof, and the bent lever, with the plane-stock.

Also, the arrangement of the hole k in the cap-iron to operate with the adjusting lever, combined with the screw and nut, or the equivalent thereof, and applied to the stock, as set forth.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
GEO. H. ANDREWS.

No. 67,458 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (G.D. Spooner And L.N. Johnson) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”131″]67458

United States Patent Office.

G. D. SPOONER, OF RUTLAND, AND L. N. JOHNSON, OF BRANDON, VERMONT

Letters Patent No. 67,458, dated August 6, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that We, G. D. SPOONER, of Rutland, and L. N. JOHNSON, of Brandon, both in the county of Rutland, and in the State of Vermont, have invented a new and useful improvement in Planes; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable those skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification, in which drawing —

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional plan or top view of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

This invention relates to a plane in which the bit or plane-iron is secured by means of a set-screw to a cross-head, which is adjustable by means of a thumb-screw in a slotted plate fastened to the stock of the plane, and which is provided with shoulders in such a manner that when the set-screw which forms the connection between the plane-iron and the cross-head is released, the cutting edge of the plane-iron can be readily adjusted in the required position by turning the thumb-screw, and by screwing up the set-screw the plane-iron is firmly retained in the required position.

A represents the stock of our plane, which is made of wood or any other suitable material. This stock is provided with a cavity to receive a metal plate, B, which is firmly secured to the stock, and the outer surface of which is in line with the inner surface of the throat of the plane, as clearly shown in fig. 1 of the drawing. The plate B is furnished with a slot, a, which forms the guide for the cross-head C, which is provided with lips, b, projecting over the inner edges of the slot a, as shown in fig. 2. When the cross-bead is in position in the slot it its outer surface or face is slightly below the outer surface ofthe plate B, and said cross-head is tapped to receive the set-screw c, which forms the connection between the plane-iron D and the cross-head. If the set-screw is screwed up it draws the cross-head up against the inner surface of the plate B, and at the same time it presses the plane-iron down tight against the outer surface of said plate and holds the same firmly in position. If the set-screw c is released the cross-head C can be moved up or down in the slot a by means of the thumb-screw E, the upper end of which is provided with a journal which has its bearing in a forked lug, d, projecting from the inner surface of the plate B, being retained therein by a pin, e, or in any other suitable manner, while the screw-shank of said thumb-screw is tapped into the cross-head, as shown in the drawing. If the set-screw c is released, therefore, the cutting-edge of the plane-iron can be readily adjusted in the desired position, and said plane-iron can also be turned so as to bring its cutting edge square with the sole of the plane, and after it has been so adjusted the set-screw is screwed up tight and the plane-iron is firmly retained in position. A cap, F, may be attached to the plane-iron by screws f which do not interfere with the motion of the plane-iron on the plate B. This arrangement is very simple, and it obviates all complicated and costly mechanism for retaining the plane-iron in position after the same has been adjusted in the required position by the action of the thumb-screw, no change in or attachment to the ordinary plane-iron being required in order to adapt it to our improvement.

We are aware of a plane described in Letters Patent of J. F. Palmer, February 3, 1857, which bears some resemblance to ours. He uses a thumb-screw like ours, but the nut of his thumb-screw is stationary, and in order to give motion to the plane-iron he attaches to the same a fork which catches in a neck of the thumb-screw; and furthermore, his plane-iron must be provided with a slot to admit the set-screw. ln our plane an ordinary plane-iron can be used, nothing being needed but a simple round hole to admit the set-screw, so that if the plane-iron is worn out it can be readily replaced.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The sliding cross-head C, provided with shoulders b, which bear against the inner surface of the plate B, said cross-head being made to receive the set-screw c and the thumb-screw E, which catches in a forked lug d, projecting from the inner surface of the fixed plate B, to operate in combination with the plane-iron D, as and for the purpose described.

G. D. SPOONER,
L. N. JOHNSON.

Witnesses:
W. G. VEAZEY,
E. J. HARTSHORN.

No. 67,671 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Russell Phillips) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”132″]67671

United States Patent Office.

RUSSELL PHILLIPS, OF GARDINER, MAINE, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND NATHAN WESTON.

Letters Patent No. 67,671, dated August 13, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, RUSSELL PHILLIPS, of Gardiner, in the county of Kennebec, and State of Maine, have invented a new and useful Improved Joiners’ Plough ; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others to make and use my invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 shows a side elevation of my invention.
Figure 2, a portion of the top of the horizontal arm, having the graduated scale.
Figure 3 is an end view of my invention, and a view of the top of the end and slides.
Figure 4, a view of a portion of the reverse side of fig. 1.
Figure 5, an edge view of the iron or cutter.
Figure 6, a portion of the adjustable guide or gauge.

Same letters show like parts.

My invention has relation to that tool employed by certain mechanics, joiners, &c., called a plough, and consists in certain improvements thereupon, which may be separately or conjointly used.

I will now describe in detail the different improvements combined in my invention. a shows the groove in which the iron or cutter is placed. It is there secured by means of the clamp b and slide c. Fig. 4 shows the manner in which the slide c is held in place, being by means of a slot and a lip, d, on the side opposite to the one shown in fig. 1. The lip d overlaps the edge of the slot, shown in fig. 4. e is a small projection, to rest against the end of the cutter, so that its edge shall not become dulled by striking or touching any part of the stock. The cutter is fully described hereafter. The cutter, being placed in the groove a, is secured as follows:

As illustrated in fig. 4, the slot in which the slide c moves is curved, so that when the slide is pressed downward, or toward the bottom of the plough, the clamp b is pressed upon the cutter; and when the slide is moved up, the clamp is released or loosened, and its pressure upon the cutter taken away. The clamp b swings on its pivot f. Place the cutter in the groove a, press the slide downward, thus forcing the clamp b upon the cutter, and the cutter is held in place. In this method there is this advantage: With the old form of fastening the cutter or iron, when the wedge that holds it is driven inward by the blow of the hammer or other implement the entrance of the wedge within the stock carries with it, somewhat, the cutter, so that when the cutter has once been adjusted as the mechanic desires, it is made to project further, by being carried inward with the wedge which holds it. Besides this inconvenience, it is difficult to adjust readily. With my invention, the cutter is placed in the desired position, so as to cut into the lumber the desired depth, and can then be immediately fastened by pressing the slide c downward. Moreover, as the clamp b does not slide at all, but simply pushes against the cutter, the cutter is not moved in the least from the desired position, but remains as placed by the user. g, fig. 5, shows the iron or cutter; this has a cutting edge at both ends. These two can be made of different sizes and widths, as seen in the drawing, so as to cut grooves or channels of different widths and sizes. It has a groove, h, to fit over the edge i, to aid in holding it securely. The end of the cutter not employed passes into the recess behind the projection e, and thus its edge is kept from injury till wanted. j is a thumb-piece, for convenience in placing the cutter in its place, and to strike upon with a hammer to move the cutter up or down slightly when it is held by the clamp b. k k are the cutting edges of the iron. l l l l show points projecting beyond the edges k k, which enable the iron to do its work not only with but also across the grain of the wood. These points are sharp, and cut the fibres of the wood before they are reached by the edges k, and thus prevent tearing or breaking out of the work. A shows the single horizontal arm employed in my invention, and upon which the guide or gauge B slides. Upon its top is a channel, with the graduated scale, so that the distance that the gauge is set from the cutter g can be accurately adjusted. Upon this there is no screw-thread, as upon the old form of plough, and, as before remarked, I use but a single arm. This admits of a much easier, more accurate, and readier arrangement for use. The gauge or guide B is made of metal, and has a portion, n, which turns on a hinge, and can be lifted up so as to leave the space o. The object of this will be hereafter described. p are slides, one on each side of the stock of the plough, near the forward end, moving in recesses, and held at any point by the thumb-screw q, which slides in the slot r, shown in fig. 1 by the dotted lines. These slides have at their bottoms the horizontal plates s, one on each side of the plate t. The combination of these devices forms a gauge by which the degree of the penetration of the cutter g into the wood can be governed. By loosening the thumb-screw q, the slides may be raised or lowered, as desired, on either side of t, (see fig. 3.) and, as seen in fig. 1, the cutter is intended to rest against the side of t, so that the depth of the groove to be cut can thus be exactly controlled, and measured by the graduated scale x on the end of the stock, (see fig. 3.) Most of the work to be done by this tool is near the edge of boards or other wood. In such a ease it might happen that the gauge or guide B could not be brought sufficiently near the plate t on account of the projection of the horizontal plates s. This I obviate by the arrangement shown in fig. 6, before described. When the trap an is lifted, as seen in the drawing, the gauge B can be brought quite close to t, one of the plates s entering the space o. In use, one hand of the mechanic rests upon the guide B, where a wooden handle is supplied. The handle upon the stock is seen at D, being placed at the end of the stock, and lower down than is ordinary, with the view that the force applied to the tool is all or nearly all exerted in a horizontal direction, which lessens the labor of using the plough, and makes it more effective. The handle is secured by the removable bolt u, so that if broken the handle can easily be taken off and another substituted. All the parts described, except the arm A, handle D, and a portion of the guide B, are made of metal, which makes the whole tool cheaper, less cumbersome, stronger, and more convenient. The clamp b being made of metal, quite smooth, and slightly rounded, enables the tool to clear itself quite readily of the shavings made in using it. The method of confining the gauge or guide B at any desired point is by the use of the thumb-screw m.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The reversible cutter shown in fig. 5, as and for the purposes specified.

2. The arrangement of the two slides p p, thumb-screw q, slot r, plates s s, graduated scale x, and plate t, as and for the purposes set forth.

RUSSELL PHILLIPS.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM HENRY CLIFFORD,
HENRY C. HOUSTON.

No. 67,157 – Improvement In Planes For Cutting Blind-Slats (James L. Bess And Adam Hagny) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”129″]67157

United States Patent Office.

JAMES L. BESS AND ADAM HAGNY, OF KEOKUK, IOWA.

Letters Patent No. 67,157, dated July 30, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES FOR CUTTING BLIND-SLATS.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that we, JAMES L. BESS and ADAM HAGNY, of Keokuk, in the county of Lee, and State of Iowa, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes for Cutting Blind-Slats; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the nature, construction, and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which are made a part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of our improved plane, showing the some in its operating position.

Figure 2 is an under side perspective view of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the two figures.

The subject of our invention is a hand-plane adapted to out two or more thin slats for window-shades, blinds, &c., at every stroke or movement, and at the same time dress or prepare the material for the operation.

The following description will enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to fully understand and use the same:

A A1 represent the body of the plane, which is formed with a guide-way or gauge groove, B, which embraces the edge of the plank from which the slats are out when the plane is in operation. The material or plank is clamped immovably, and the plane is driven over its edge by means of the handle A2, in the same manner as an ordinary smoothing-plane. C is a bit or cutter extending across the gauge-groove B, and this cutter, when the plane is in operation, cuts from the material or plank a strip of sufficient thickness to form the slats. A suitable throat, c, is formed between the bottom of the plane and the cutter C to make room for the slats as they are cut from the stuff. The sides of the plank are dressed by the knives D D, situated at either side of the groove B, and secured in position by keys D’ D’. Before reaching the cutter C that portion of the wood which is removed by each stroke of the plane is divided longitudinally by the pointed, perpendicular knives E E E’, and by this means two slats are produced by every effective movement of the plane. The outer knives E E are secured in position and made adjustable by the screws F F, which enter the plane from opposite directions, as shown in fig. 1, but for convenience, the central knife E’ is held and made adjustable by means of the key F’. The two parts of the plane A A1 are held together by means of the screws G G, which enable said parts to be adjusted from or toward each other, and thus vary the width of the gauge-groove according to the thickness of the material, or in order to vary the width of the slats. The cutter C passes through slots in tho sides of the plane, and is retained in proper working position by the jaws H H’, which are slotted and held to the opposite sides of the plane by the screws h h. By means of these jaws the knife C may be adjusted so as to cut slats of any desired thickness. The slotted end of the bit or cutter C is held to the jaw H’ by the screw h’, which admits of the lateral adjustment of the jaw upon the bit when the plane is increased or diminished in width by the screws G G.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what we claim as new herein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

The arrangement of the slitting cutters E E E’, edge-cutters D D, and riving-cutter C in a frame A A’, expansible by means of set-screws G’ G, all as herein described and for the purpose specified.

JAMES L. BESS,
ADAM HAGNY.

Witnesses:
DAVID G. LOWRY,
SAM. H. DILLON.

No. 65,604 – Improvement In Forming Projections On The Caps Of Plane-Irons (Napoleon B. Reynolds) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”128″]65604

United States Patent Office.

NAPOLEON B. REYNOLDS, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 65,604, dated December 18, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN FORMING PROJECTIONS ON THE CAPS OF PLANE-IRONS.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, NAPOLEON B. REYNOLDS, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvernents in the Manner of Making or Forming the Projection or Swell on the Cap of Plane-Irons, and which is used instead of a loose nut for holding the screw-bolt that secures the cap to the plane-iron; and that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the manner of doing the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure I represents at view from the back of the plane-iron, showing the slot therein and the bolt passing through it into the cap.

Figure 2 represents a cap with a hole punched through it for the reception of the button which afterwards forms the swell, projection, or nut for the screw-bolt to take into.

Figure 3 represents a section through the cap, and showing the countersinking of the hole that is to receive the button.

Figure 4 represents a section through the cap after the button or swell is fastened thereto.

Figures 5 and 6 show a top and edge view of one of the buttons before it is inserted in the hole in the cap.

Figure 6 shows the form of the swell, button, projection, or nut after it has been riveted in the hole in the cap.

Similar letters of reference, where they occur in the several separate figures, denote like parts in all the drawings.

I am aware that a swell or projection has been proposed on the cap of a plane-iron as a substitute for the ordinary loose nut heretofore used. I do not claim the swell or projection. My invention consists in the manner or means of producing this projection, which I do in a very cheap and very durable manner, without rolling down the metal or heat-welding it.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings.

At manufacturing establishments where boilers are made are to be found and procured at very cheap rates, and of the very finest quality of iron, any quantity of burrs or buttons that are punched out of the plates of which the boilers are made for rnaking rivet holes. These burrs or buttons can be procured at a rate but little above that of old iron, and are therefore very cheap, whilst they have the form, body, and flange or fin that peculiarly fits them for my purpose.

The cap A I propose to make of steel, and a hole, a, having been punched through, it is then countersunk or reamed out at each side of the plate or cap, as shown more distinctly in fig. 3. I then take one of the burrs or buttons 6 and insert it in the hole a in the cap. The fin or flange c which is on the burr or button, and left there by the punch that drove it out of the boiler-plate, fits into the countersink on one side of the hole, and the burr or button projects through and beyond the other face of the cap. In this position the cap and burr are placed under a drop-die, one blow of which rivets the button or burr in the hole, and it is afterwards dressed up to the proper shape or form for entering the slot in the plane-iron, and for preventing the cap from turning on the plane-iron, whilst it can move longitudinally of it. When the riveting on of the button is accomplished, as explained, the burr or button will have assumed the form shown at fig. 7, and also in fig. 4, and be as immovably fixed thereto as though it were a part of the same metal with the cap itself.

As a matter of economy I should always use the burrs or buttons made by punching boiler-plates, yet I would regard it as my invention if these burrs were especially punched out for the purpose herein named.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent in forming a swell or projection on the cap of a plane-iron, is —

The method of construction substantially as described.

N. B. REYNOLDS.

Witnesses:
I. W. QUICK,
T. R. HUSSY.

No. 59,498 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (John Woodville) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”120″]59498

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN WOODVILLE, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 59,498, dated November 6, 1866.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN WOODVILLE, of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Jointing-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a side view of a plane with my improvement attached. Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the same, taken through the line x x, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view of the same, taken through the line y y, Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

My invention has for its object to furnish an improved jointing-plane, by means of which the edge of a board may be made square, or may be beveled at any desired angle; and it consists in the supporting angular plate, the adjustable hinged guide-plate, the adjusting-screw, bush-nut, wrench, and lock-nut, in combination with each other and with the stock or frame of the plane, when said parts are constructed and arranged as hereinafter more fully described.

A is the plane-stock, about the construction of which there is nothing new. B is the supporting-plate, which consists of three portions, b1 b2, and b3. The part b1 is attached to the side of the plane-stock A by two bevel-headed screw-bolts, C and D, which pass through beveled slots E and F in the said part b1 of the plate B, as shown in Fig. 1. The slots E and F are beveled in two ways: first, their edges are beveled so as to fit upon the beveled underside of the heads of the bolts C and D, as shown in Fig. 3, and, second, they are beveled or made wedge-shaped, so as to clamp the bolts C and D, and thus be held securely in place. The rear end of the slot E is enlarged, so as to permit the head of the bolt C to pass through it, but the slot F is cut through the edge of the plate, as shown in Fig. 1. The part b2 stands at right angles to the part b1, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The part b3 projects from the upper edge of the part b2, and is parallel with the part b1, as shown in Fig. 2. The part b3 is made in the form of an isosceles triangle, and has a hole made through its apex, which hole is countersunk or rounded out on its upper side, for the purpose hereinafter mentioned.

The plate B is strengthened by having a flange cast upon its edge, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

G is the sliding guide-plate, the side edges of which project downward, so as to form ribs or runners g1, upon which it slides along the surface of the timber being operated upon, and insures the plate G from rocking, and gives a steady movement to the plane. g2 and g3 are projecting ears or arms cast upon the plate G, by means of which said plate is pivoted to the plate B. The pivoting-point g4, attached to the ear g3, is made solid therewith; but the pivoting-point g5, attached to the ear g2, is removable, being the point of a screw passing through the said ear, as shown in Fig. 1. These points g4 and g5 enter and work in sockets formed in the edge of the part b2 of the plate B, as shown in Fig. 1.

The ears g2 and g3 are made with a shoulder, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the inner edge of the plate G may be as low or a little lower than the upper corner of the edge of the plane-iron, so that the whole edge of the board may be smoothly cut.

g6 are two ears, cast upon the upper surface of the plate G, between which the end of the screw H is pivoted by a pin passing through the said ears and the said end of the screw, as shown in Fig. 2.

I is a bush-nut, which passes up through the hole in the part b3 of the plate B, before described, and through which the screw H passes. J is a wrench, which fits upon the upper end of the bush-nut I, and which has a feather formed upon its inner surface, which feather enters a slot or groove in the side of the said bush-nut I, so that the said nut may be raised or lowered by turning the wrench J. The nut I is made with a flange on its lower end, and the lower end of the wrench J is rounded off, so as to fit into rounded-out parts of the hole through the plate B at whatever angle the screw H may stand.

K is a lock-nut, which screws down upon the screw H, and locks the wrench J, plate B, and bush-nut I firmly together, the plate B being clamped between wrench J and the flange of the nut I, as shown in Fig. 2.

Into the lower face of the nut K is cut a deep circular groove, as shown in Fig. 2, into the bottom of which is placed a rubber or other elastic spring, L. M is a metal ring, placed in the said groove upon the said spring L. When the nut K is screwed down upon the wrench J the end of the ring M comes in contact with the face of the said wrench J, and holds the parts with an equal pressure at whatever angle the screw H may stand.

By this construction and arrangement the guide plate G may be set at any angle with the face of the plane, so as to give any desired bevel to the jointed edge of the board operated upon, and the parts are all held firm and immovable while the plane is being used, thus insuring a perfectly true joint.

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The hinged screw-rod H, in combination with the parts D G, and provided with the flanged nut I, wrench J, and lock-nut K, when arranged with the jointing-plane herein described, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

JOHN WOODVILLE.

Witnesses :
ALEXANDER MCDONALD,
THOMAS PALMER, Jr.

No. 64,790 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Nelson Palmer) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”126″]64790

United States Patent Office.

NELSON PALMER OF AUBURN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, SIDNEY W. PALMER, AND J. FOREMAN PALMER., OF SAME PLACE.

Letters Patent No. 64,790, dated May 14, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, NELSON PALMER, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention consists, first, in constructing an ordinary bench or other plane so that the throat or opening through which the bit projects shall be of variable size to suit the pitch of the bit and the nature of the work to be performed. In order to do this I make that part of the face of the plane in front of and bordering on the throat, adjustable or capable of being moved away from or toward the bit, according as it is desired to increase or diminish the distance between them. This arrangement is productive of important results, for the throat may be thereby so nearly closed as to cause the shaving-cut by the bit to be thrown up in an almost perpendicular direction, thus obviating the necessity of using, in connection with the bit, a cap, or, as it is sometimes called, “break-iron,” unless in exceptional cases, as, for instance, when the wood is very green and tough. In order to form a perfectly accurate bed for supporting the movable plate or section which regulates the size of the throat I resort to the expedient of running between it and the frame in which it is set, a backing of lead or other suitable material, which, when it hardens, will constitute an accurately-fitting bed supporting the plate at those points which determine its position in the face of the plane. I employ a similar expedient to form a perfect bed for the heel of the bit, as hereinafter described.

My invention farther consists in supporting the bit upon a movable bed, whose lower cud is pivoted or hinged to the frame or stock of the plane in rear of and close to the throat. The bed is capable of being depressed or elevated, its upper end moving in a circle, the centre of which is the point at which the bed is pivotcd to the stock. Its angle of inclination with respect to the throat may thus be varied at pleasure, and the bit which it supports may consequently be adjusted to any desired pitch.

Another feature of my invention is the construction and arrangement of the mechanisms for holding the bit in position on the bed, and for adjusting and maintaining it in and to its proper relations with the threat and face of the plane, i. e., for regulating its “cut” or the distance it shall project out from the throat, and for keeping or preserving its parallelism with the face of the plane. These various devices are all attached to and secured in the bed, and are actuated and operated in the manner hereinafter described.

My invention also consists in supporting the heel or lower part of the bit against a solid bed or backing of metal or other suitable material of suffiicient hardness, formed between it and the back of the throat. The object I have in view is to make a bearing or backing for the bit at the point where the strain mostly comes, when the plane is in use. By placing an accurately-fitting bed between the back of the throat and the heel I am enabled to accomplish this object. When the bit is secured in position on the movable bed, its lower end is pressed firmly and solidly against the backing, effectually checking and preventing any and all vibration ofthe bit, a defect to which ordinary planes are very liable, as is well known.

Lastly, my invention consists in the construction and arrangement of a detachable and independent cap or “break-iron” for turning or bending the shavings up out of the way, which may be secured to or removed from the bit with facility. It is further made adjustable by connecting the two pieces of which it is composed, by means of eccentrics, which may be operated by a lever or equivalent device, so as to adjust the blade or lower end of the cap in its proper position on the bit.

Having thus described the general features of my invention, I will now proceed to detail more particularly the manner in which it is or may be carried into effect by reference to the drawings, in which —

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of a plane constructed in accordance with my invention;

Figure 2 is a plan view of the same.

Figure 3 is a like view with the cap and bit removed so as to show the construction and arrangement of the tilting or movable bed.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of a plane in which a modification of my invention is shown; and

Figures 5, 6, and T are views of detached parts.

The mechanism for increasing and lessening the size of the throat consists of a movable and adjustable plate, C, which is placed in the front part of the plane, so as to be flush with and form part of the face. It is supported and held in proper position to the face of the plane by a backing or accurately-fitted bed of suitable material formed between it and the stock, as above explained. Just in rear of it is the slot or opening which constitutes the throat of the plane. The plate is capable of sliding longitudinally in the stock, its motion being limited and controlled by at stem, c, attached to its upper side, which extends up through at slot, g, formed in the top of the frame A. Upon the stem c is cut a screw-thread, so that it may engage with the hollow shank b: of the knob I, which is screwed down upon that part of the stem e projecting above the surface of the stock. It will be seen that the plate may thus be moved so as to close or open the throat, being held in any desired position by the shank b, which, when the plate is properly adjusted in relation to the hit, is screwed down tightly ever the male stem c, and maintains the whole device firmly in position. The plate is let into the stock, which thus forms in frame in which it is set so as to be flush with the surrounding face of the plane. The plane itself is what is known as a metallic plane, its stock or frame being cast iron. The movable or tilting bed G, which supports the bit, is pivoted or hinged at its lower end to the cast-iron stock a little in rear of the throat. Its pivotal points y’ constitute the axis upon which it is moved for the adjustment of the bit to its proper pitch.

As shown in the drawings, it consists of at skeleton frame which carries the mechanism for adjusting the bit, both as to the extent to which its cutting edge shall project from the throat, and as to its lateral inclination in order to maintain the parallelism of its edge with the face of the plane, and also for regulating its pitch and locking or fastening it in place. These different mechanisms I will now proceed to describe in detail:

First. The devices for adjusting the “cut” of the bit or its verticlal adjustment. The skeleton-frame G contains in its upper part an interior circular frame, G’, which is recessed so as to receive a, rotary disk, K. This disk is of somewhat less size than the recess, and has a groove formed in its periphery. The space between it and the annular frame G’ is filled with an anti-friction metal x, which enters the groove formed in the disk, and thus holds it in position, being itself retained in place by the V shape given the interior surface of the surrounding frame G’. Other methods, however, of holding the rotary disk K in its annular frame will readily suggest themselves, and nmy be used with perhaps equally good effect. The disk carries an eccentric-pin, y, to which is attached a plate, L, which extends downward some distance on the front of the bed, and has a. projecting tooth, i, formed on its face and, near its lower end. The tooth engages with an rack, h, attached to or formed on the under side of the bit B, and by this means, whatever movement is given the plate L, by reason of its eccentric connection with the rotary disk, is imparted to the bit. The toothed plate slides between guides m, which prevent it from moving in other than a longitudinal direction.

This mechanism operates in the following manner: When the bit B is in position on the bed G, and it is desired to adjust its cutting edge so that it shall project more or less from the face of the plane, the disk K is rotated by means of a lever-arm, E, rigidly connected therewith. This rotation of the disk causes, of course, a change in the position of the eccentric-pin y, which is raised or lowered according as the lever E is moved to the right or left. The movement of the pin y is communicated to its plate L, which is raised or lowered in a corresponding degree. The bit B is made to follow the motion of the toothed plate by means of the tooth i, which engages with the rack h, and draws with it the bit as it is moved up and down. Therefore, by simply moving the lever E or other equivalent device for rotating the disk, the bit may be set or adjusted vertically with great ease, and with perfect accuracy and nicety.

Second. The mechanism for adjusting the cutting edge of the bit, so as to maintain its parallelism with the face of the plane. About midway between the two ends of the bed G is it transverse sliding bar, D. This bar extends across the bed, in which are formed recesses or guides to receive it. It is capable of a sliding motion transverse to the length of the bed, and is held in place by the lower and smaller end m’ of the plate L which laps over and holds it against the bed. The end m’ lies between two jaws l l projecting from the face of the sliding bar, the distance between which is sufiicient to prevent their interference with the arm or plate L, when the bar D is moved to and fro. The jaws, when the bit is in place, embrace or grasp the rack h and draw it, and consequently the bit with them, when the bar to which they are attached slides in one direction or the other. In order to accommodate itself to this movement the bit is made capable of at little play between the sides of the stock, so that when its upper part is moved in either direction the lower end will be tilted or laterally inclined in a corresponding degree, and thus throw forward one side or the other of the cutting edge, as desired.

The transverse motion is given to the sliding ber D by providing it with at short arm or spur f, which extends back from the bar in such manner as to fit in a spiral or cam-groove, p, formed in the face of a shaft, k, which is supported in suitable bearings on the under side of the bed G. Upon one of the ends of this shaft a lever-arm, S, is secured by means of which the shaft may be rocked or rotated. When the lever S is moved up or down it will induce the rotation of the shaft, which in turn will, through the medium of the cam groove p and spur f, cause the bar D to slide from right to left, or vice versa, according as it is desired to advance one end or the other of the cutting edge of the bit. By this means the edge may be always kept parallel with the face of the plane, being adjusted to and in such position with the greatest accuracy and precision.

The bit and bed are locked or bound together and held in proper operative position by means of a toggle-jointed lever, H N. The lever N, which is nearest the bed, is forked at one end, fitting on the respective journals of the cam-shaft k. The other arm, II, of the lever terminates in a point, which fits in a corresponding cup or depression formed in the heed of a thumb-screw, P, which is secured to the handle of the plane so as to face the bed. A lever-handle, e, which extends upward from the arm H, is the means by which the lever is operated, and the joint either bent or straightened, as required. When the bit is placed on the bed, and it is desired to secure them in place, the lower end of the arm H is placed in the depression in the head of the thumb-screw P.

The lever e is then pressed forward, which causes the straightening of the toggle-joint, the other arm N of the lever forcing the bed and superincumbent bit up against pins a a, secured at the proper height in the sides of the stock. The bit and bed are thus held firmly between the straightened lever and the pins, which prevent their further motion in either direction. When the bit is to be removed, the toggle-joint must of course be bent by pressing back the lever e, after which the bed can be drawn down far enough to allow the bit to be withdrawn.

If, however, it is only desired to adjust the edge of the bit properly to the face of the plane, the bit need not be loosened. It may still be moved under the pins a a, which bind it down to the bed to a limited degree, by means of the levers S and E, which regulate its position with regard to the throat and face of the plane, as above explained. The pins a can be placed at any height in the stock to give the required pitch to the bit, and the thumb-screw P can be screwed in or out to adjust the bearing of the toggle-jointed lever. If a very steep pitch be required for the bit, as in a veneering or like plane, the lever H can be reversed so that its longer arm H’ may take its place and support the bed in a more elevated position.

To give an additional support to the heel of the bit I place between it and the rear of the throat a stationary bed, d, forming a, solid backing, against which the heel bears firmly, thus preventing the vibration of the bit when the plane is used. It is important that this backing should accurately fit the bit, and I have found that the best method of accomplishing this is to run between the heel and the back of the throat molten lead or other suitable metal, or any plastic material that will harden, so as to form at sufliciently firm and solid bearing for the heel of the bit.

In connection with the bit and bed thus constructed and arranged, I use it cap or “break-iron,” which is not attached to the bit, and which can be removed from or adjusted to the mouth of the plane with great facility. The cap is composed of two section or pieces F F’, as shown in the drawings. They are so placed in relation to each other that their contiguous edges overlap. The upper piece F’ is recessed so as to receive the projecting arm o of the lower section F. A rod or disk which binds the two parts of the cap together is inserted through the arm o, its other end being supported in a bracket or pending arm extending from the upper part of the piece F’. The two ends u v of this cylindrical disk are eccentric with respect to each other, and the disk itself, like the disk K above mentioned, is capable of being rotated by at lever, r, which projects through at segmental slot, s, in the upper piece F’. By means of this eccentric connection between the two plates F F’ I am enabled to move them toward or away from each other, as desired. The lower plate F has secured to it the blade or “break-iron” proper, M, which is held by screws w fitting in slots w’ formed in the lower portion of the piece F. The length ofthe blade M may thus be regulated. The cap, as will be seen by reference to the drawings, is placed on top of the bit. It is held in its proper relations to the edge of the bit and to the throat by means of a set-screw, t, in its upper end, which when screwed down will force the cap up until it meets the pins n, which like the pins a project from the side of the stock, and also fit in recesses formed in the upper plate F’ for their reception. The esp can thus be held firmly in place. Its accurate adjustment to the bit is effected through the medium ofthe lever r, which when moved will cause the lower part F of the cap to slide up or down, as it is required to increase or lessen the distance between its edge and the edge of the bit. As before said, by means of the movable plate C I am enabled to dispense with the use of a cap, unless when the wood is very green and tough; and for this reason, in feet, the cap is made so as to be easily attached to or removed from the plane.

My invention is capable of being modified in many particulars, as shown in fig. 4; for instance, where the movable bed G, unprovided in this case with the various mechanisms which I have just described, is supported and held in place by curved and slotted arms A’ A’, which overlap each other, one attached to the stock, the other to the bed, and both being held together by a set-screw passing through the slots, which, when loosened, allows the pitch of the bed to be adjusted, and when tightened holds the two arms together in my desired position. The bit may be either pressed against the bed by pins a a and levers, as shown in fig. 1, or it may be held in place by a set-screw, or by other suitable means. The defferent mechanisms which I have described may also be varied in memy respects without departing from the principle of my invention.

Having therefore described my invention, and the manner in which it is or may be carried into effect, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with the movable section or plate for adjusting the size of the throat, of a recessed bed and frame formed in the plane-stock in front of the bit, and parallel to the face of the plane, so as to enclose the said section on three sides and form the ways in which it slides for purposes of adjustment, substantially as shown and set forth.

2. The bed for supporting the heel of the bit, formed of lead or other suitable plastic material, as specified, run between the said heel and the back of the throat, so as to form an accurately-fitting and solid bed for bit close to its cutting edge, substantially as herein set forth.

3. The method of and means herein described for adjusting the bit longitudinally, so that it shall project more or less from the face of the plane, that is to say, connecting the bit with an eccentric mounted in the bed of the bit, the eccentric being operated substantially as herein shown and set forth.

4. I claim the mechanism for maintaining the parallelism of the edge of the bit with the face of the plane, the same consisting of the combination, with the bit and bed in which it is supported, of a bar capable of sliding laterally in the bed, as described, and connected with the bit under such an arrangement that it shall cause the edge of the bit to be tilted or inclined toward one side or the other, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of the transverse sliding bar, provided with jaws and projecting arm or spur, as described, with a cam or spiral grooved shaft and actuating lever or equivalent means, substantially as herein shown and set forth.

6. The combination, with the tilting or movable bed and bit which it supports, of the toggle-jointed and reversible lever, and holding-pins in the sides of the stock, substantially as herein shown and described.

7. The combination, with the movable bed and toggle-jointed lever, of an adjustable bearing for the said lever, substantially as set forth and described.

8. I claim the adjustable cap herein described, the some consisting of an upper and a lower plate or section connected by an eccentric rod or disk, whereby the lower section may be adjusted in its proper relation to the cutting edge of the bit, substantially as shown and set forth.

9. I claim the combination, with the movable section for adjusting the size of the throat, of the knob for securing the same under the arrangement herein described, so that the said knob shall not only serve to adjust and hold the said section in place, but shall also be a handle for guiding the movement of the plane, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.

NELSON PALMER.

Witnesses :
HORACE T. COOK,
J. J. SHEPHERD.

No. 56,651 – Improvement In Cabinet-Makers’ Scrapers (Frank A. Williams, John H. Williams And Daniel G. Williams) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”119″]56651

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK A. WILLIAMS, JOHN H. WILLIAMS, AND DANIEL G. WILLIAMS, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN CABINET-MAKERS’ SCRAPERS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 56,651, dated July 24, 1866.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, FRANK A. WLLLIAMS, JOHN H. WILLIAMS, and DANIEL G. WILLIAMS, all of Cincinnati, Hamilton county, Ohio, have invented a new and useful Cabinet-Maker’s Scraper; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification.

The scraper in customary use by cabinet-makers, coach-makers, and other finishers of wood-work consists, as is well known, of a simple blade of steel having a turned or upset and sharpened edge. This blade, being grasped by the workman between the fingers and thumbs of both hands is operated by being thrust forcibly over the work. This operation, besides blistering the hands of the operator, so quickly heats up the tool as to soon oblige him to lay it down. These inconveniences we wholly avoid by mounting the scraper proper in a suitably-formed handle of wood or other non-conducting material. We also, in addition to said provision, apply mechanical devices whereby the tool can be made to scrape with greater or less fineness independently of the degree of force or pressure exerted.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a scraper embodying our invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken at mid-length of the instrument. Fig. 3 shows the parts of the scraper detached. Fig. 4 represents forms of bits adapted for operation on hollow and on round work respectively.

A represents the bit or scraper proper. B is a stock or handle of wood, suitably excavated to receive the bit and a mouth-piece, C.

The bit A, being sprung into the notches b b’, is adjusted toward the mouth-piece, so as to shave with any desired degree of fineness, by means of a set-screw, D.

Thumb-screws E E’ serve to secure the mouth-piece C, and, through it, the bit A.

On slackening of the mouth-piece C by retraction of the screws E E’ the bit is so far released as to be readily shifted, so as to cut rank or fine. When adjusted to cut fine, it should also, by means of the screw D, be set proportionally near to the mouth-piece. On the retraction of the screw D, the spring of the bit itself draws it automatically away from the mouth-piece. The mouth-piece has a throat or excavation, c, through which the shavings escape.

During operation the heads of the thumb-screws E E’ serve as a brace or abutment fbr the thumbs of the operator.

We have selected for illustration a scraper adapted for flat work; but the device is equally applicable for curved work, the bit and handle being modified in each case as judgment or fancy may indicate.

We claim herein as new and of our invention —

A scraper consisting of the blade A, stock B b, mouth-piece C, set-screw D, and clamping-screws E E’, all constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

In testimony of which invention we hereunto set our hands.

FRANK A. WVILLIAMS.
A JOHN H. WILLIAMS.
DNL. G. WILLIAMS.

Witnesses:
GEO. H. KNIGHT,
JAMES H. LAYMAN.

No. 55,599 – Improvement In Spokeshaves (Leonard Bailey) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”118″]55599

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN SPOKESHAVES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 55,599, dated June 19, 1866.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Spokeshave; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specification, and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 denotes a top view, Fig. 2 a front elevation, Fi g. 3 a transverse section, and Fig. 4 a longitudinal section, of it.

In carrying out my invention I construct the stock of the spokeshave in two separate parts. and so that each of its handles shall be divided into two parts length wise, in manner as shown at a a’ in Figs. 1, 2, and 4. The two lowermost parts, a’ a’, of the handles I combine in one piece with the cutter rest or supporter — that is, so as to extend in opposite directions therefrom — and I also combine the other two or upper parts, a a, of the handles with the adjustable shank-piece c, so as to be in one piece therewith and to extend in opposite directions from it, in manner as exhibited in the figures.

The cutter or shave iron d, resting on the part b, I secure thereto by means of a clamp-bar, e, which is arranged on the cutter and directly over the part b, and is held in place (and so as to conbine the cutter to the said part D) by means of two screws, f f, which go through the lower parts of the handles and screw through the said clamp-bar e, each of such screws being arranged at right angles, or thereabout, with the lower or bearing surface of the part b.

Furthermore, the clamp-bar is caused, near its ends, to abut against two shoulders, i i, formed in or on the stock. These shoulders are arranged in front of the clamp-bar, and not only serve to prevent the downward strain of the screws from breaking the said screws, but co-operate with the screws in setting the bar closely against the cutter or shave-iron, so as to confine it firmly to its bed.

The parts a a touch the parts a’ a’ simply at or near their extremities, the same being in order that such parts a a, with the extension portion c, may constitute a bow or curved spring, to raise the said portion relatively to the cutter, and so as to increase the throat of the implement.

The screws f f are to extend through the parts a a, and screw into nuts g g, so applied to them as to act against the said parts a a, the said nuts and screws serving to effect a counter-movement of the part c, for the purpose of disconnecting the throat of the spoke shave.

The arrangement of the screws f f, the shoulders i i, and the clamp-bar e relatively to the cutter or iron d, the bed on which it rests, and the bottom, surface of the part b renders the clamp very efficient in holding the cutter down to the bed, however the clamp, by the action of the screws, is driven downward in a direction which is at an obtuse angle, its surface in contact with the plane-iron. The screws f f, by their arrangeinent, perform the duty not only of holding the clamp down upon the plane iron, but of co-operating with their nuts in springing the upper parts, a a, ot the handle, so as to regulate the distance of the throat-piece c from the plane-iron.

What I claim in the above improved spoke-shave is as follows:

1. The combination of the screws f f and nuts g g, or their equivalents, with the clamp-bar e, and with the stock divided length wise into two parts or portions, constructed substantially in manner and so as to operate as described.

2 The arrangement of the clamp-bar e with the screws f f and nuts g g, and with the stock divided lengthwise into two parts or portions, constructed substantially in manner and so as to operate with the said screws and nuts, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination and arrangement of the shoulders i i with the screws f f, the clamp-bar e, the cutter d, and bed b, or the stock, substantially as set forth.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
FREDERICK CURTIS.

No. 532,842 – Bench Plane (Justus A. Traut And Edmund A. Schade) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”65″]532842

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 532,842, dated January 22, 1895.
Application filed June 20, 1894. Serial No. 515,114. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and EDMUND A. SCHADE, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class of bench-planes known as “molding-planes,” the object being to provide an improved plane of that class adapted for doing work of a wide range both in form and size, also means for adjusting the diiferent parts of the plane in all directions, in accordance with the work to be done, while maintaining the simplicity, compactness of construction, and readiness of adjustment and manipulation necessary to a practically operative tool of such comprehensive character.

Our present invention is in the nature of an improvement upon the inventions shown in Letters Patent No. 294,825, granted to Justus A. Traut March 11, 1884, and No. 505,119, granted to Eppie J. McCulloch September 19, 1893.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan view of a bench-plane embodying our present improvements. Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 4. is a longitudinal sectional side elevation, in line x–x, Fig. 1, of the parts above said line. Fig. 5 is a similar view of the parts below said line. Fig. 6 is a transverse section in line b–b, Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is an elevation detail of the auxiliary runner hereinafter referred to. Fig. 8 is a similar view of an intermediate runner or gage, also hereinafter referred to. Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional end elevation in line y–y, Fig. 1. Fig. 10 is a detail in side elevation, taken from the right, of an adjustable stop or gage, and adjacent parts, to be hereinafter described. Fig. 11 is a similar view of one of the spurs. Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section in line z–z, Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a detail sectional side elevation of a cutter, its clamping and adjusting devices and adjacent parts. Fig. 14 is a sectional detail in line v–v, Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a similar view in line w–w, Fig. 13. Fig. 16 is a sectional detail in line u–u, Fig. 14. Figs. 17 to 20, inclusive, are sectional rear elevations, showing. various adjustments ot the tool for different kinds of work. Fig. 21 is a similar view of a modification to be hereinafter described.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

According to our present improveinents the body-portion of the plane comprises a main stock A, provided with transversely-arranged rods or pins B and C, upon which an auxiliary stock, designated in a general way by D, is adjustable toward or from the main-stock in lateral direction. The rods or pins also support the end gages E and F, which are adapted to be similarly adjusted in lateral direction, to regulate the distance of the cut from the edge of the piece of board or other material to be operated upon. The usual handle, 72, is provided upon the main stock for actuating the plane, and handles, 73 and 74, are secured to the edge-gages in a manner which will be hereinafter more fully described.

The main-stock has secured thereto, by means of rivets or otherwise, the usual steel blade or runner 75; and an adjustable blade or runner, 2, is mounted upon the auxiliary stock D. In order to provide a clear space at the throat of the plane for the shavings to pass out, the front and rear portions of this adjustable runner 2 are permanently connected, preferably by means of a lateral arch or brace, 3, as shown in detail in Fig. 7. The end portions of the auxiliary stock are also connected and supported in a similar manner by means of a second lateral arch or half-ring brace, 4.

The rods or pins B and C are, preferably, each made of a single piece, and are held securely in place in the sockets, 5 and 6, of the main-stock A, by means of binding-screws, 7 and 7’, which admit of lateral adjustment of the rods when the character of the work requires it.

As clearly shown in Fig. 9, the auxiliary stock D is provided with sleeves, 8 and 9, within which the rods B and C are j ournaled, and upon which rods said sleeves, and the connected parts of the auxiliary stock, have a free, sliding, lateral movement. Each of said sleeves is secured within one of the corresponding sockets, 10 and 11, of the auxiliary stock, and said sockets are usually formed integral with the stock itself and its supporting arch 4. The runner 2, the form thereof shown in Fig. 7, is provided with oblique slots, 12 and 13, and said runner is adjusted upon the stock by the play of said slots upon the sleeves 8 and 9. The adjustable runner is held in place laterally by means of flanges, 8′ and 9′, upon the inner ends of the corresponding sleeves. Milled nuts, 14 and 15, are provided upon the outer screw-threaded ends of the sleeves 8 and 9, to hold said sleeves in place, and also for the purpose of obtaining a secure lateral hold upon the runner 2, by means of the flanges 8′ and 9′, and thereby preventing shifting of said runner in lateral direction. The vertical adjustment of the runner 2 is obtained by means of a long screw-rod, 16, preferably provided with right-and left-hand threads of different pitch, to prevent slipping of the screw. The upper end of the screw passes through the threaded shoulder 17, which is cast integral with the body-portion of the auxiliary stock, while the lower end or point of said screw works within a screw-threaded aperture (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5) in the arch or brace, 3, connecting the front and rear portions of the runner 2. When said screw 16 is turned to the right, — that is, in the usual direction, — the runner will, through its slots 12 and 13, ride down upon the sleeves 8 and 9 ; and conversely, when said screw is turned to the left, the said runner will in the same manner ride up said sleeves. The difference in pitch and direction of the threads upon said screw prevents the slipping of said runner when adjusted to position without further locking; but when desired, the milled nuts 14 and 15 may be turned still farther, to bind the runner firmly in its adjusted position. Binding-screws, 18 and 19, pass through correspondingly-threaded apertures in the sockets 10 and 11, and through longitudinal slots 20 in the sleeves 8 and 9, and impinge and bind against the rods B and C, thus securing the auxiliary stock, with its connected parts, firmly in place upon said rods and in fixed relation laterally to the main-stock A.

Each of the side or edge gages, E and F, is provided with a double sleeve or socket for each of the rods B and C, said sockets being designated in a general way by G. As shown in Fig. 2, said sleeves are formed integral with the body of the gage, are superposed, and are provided with a common binding-screw, 76. This binding-screw works in a threaded aperture, 21, placed transversely and at the median line of the apertures in the sleeves. The points of said screw 76 are beveled, and thus the screws are adapted to bind against the rods B and C, whether said rods are placed in the upper or the lower sleeve-openings, in the manner described in the patents hereinbefore referred to.

For rough work and for work where the plane is set level, the gage E, shown at the right of Fig. 9, is sufficient; but for fine work requiring delicate adjustments of the gage, or an oblique position of the plane with respect to the work, or both, we make use of the adjustable gage F, clearly shown at the left of said Fig. 9. Here the main or fixed rail 77 is provided with the integral sockets 22, two or more in number, and within each of these sockets is a bolt, 23, surrounded by a coiled spring, 24, spanning the space between the inner side of the head of the bolt and the end-wall of the socket, which, as shown, merges into the rail 77. The inner end of said bolt is screw-threaded at 25, as shown, and is set within a correspondingly-threaded aperture in the face of an auxiliary rail 78. The movable rail 78 is adjusted with respect to the main rail 77 by the turning ot the adjusting-screw 79 to the right or left, the force of the spring 24 serving to prevent movement of the parts after the adjustrnent of the movable rail is made. A simple movable rail with a fiat edge or face is sufficient so far as delicacy of adjustment of the gage is concerned; but for tilting the plane to an oblique position, it is necessary that a two-part adjustable rail be provided, the bearing-face of which may oscillate about an axis in the non-oscillatory member thereof.

In Fig. 9, 73 is shown as having a semi-circular rib or tongue upon its inner face, and is provided also with an axially-disposed rod or spindle, 26. The oscillatory rail 80 is concaved to conform to the outline of the rib 27 upon the rail 78; and a screw, 28, passing through the rail 80 and countersunk therein, also passes through a peripheral slot 29 in the rib 27 and is engaged at its point by a threaded recess in the spindle 26. It will, of course, be understood that at least two such connections of the parts 78 and 80 must be made. When the rail 80 is to be adjusted, the set-screw 28 is loosened slightly, and said rail oscillated upon the axis 26 until it is in the proper position, when it is locked there by tightening the screw. By means of this two-part adjustable gage or rail, the plane may be set to any desired slant to conform to the character of the work to be done.

Upon a post on the forward end of the auxiliary stock D, said post being designated in a general way by I, is adjustably mounted a third or intermediate blade or runner 30. The mounting of said runner will now be described, as this feature is one of the essential points of this invention. Working within a transverse guide-way, the lower wall of which is shown at 31, in Figs. 2, 6 and 9, is a laterally-movable slide, 32, that is adapted to be locked in position, when adjusted, by means of a binding-screw 33 and washer 34; the body of the screw working in a guide-slot, 35, traversing said slide longitudinally for the greater portion of its length. From the inner end of said slide rises a post or bracket, designated in a general way by 36, and the inner face of said post is provided with a vertical guide-way, the inner wall of which is shown at 37, in Figs. 6 and 9. The vertical arm 30′ of the intermediate runner 30 is adapted for vertical movement in said guide-way, and is locked, when set in position, by means of a binding-screw and washer, 38 and 39, in the manner just before described, the body of the screw working in the slot or guide 40 in the vertical arm of the runner 30. A fine adjustment of said runner in a vertical direction is secured in the following manner: The post 36 is provided with a vertically-threaded bore parallel with the arm 35 of the intermediate runner, and within this bore is set a threaded rod or spindle, 41. A nut, 42, is adapted to ride up and down the thread of said rod, and carries with it a flange, 43, working in a corresponding slot or recess, 44, in the outer face of the vertical portion of the intermediate runner 30, whereby said intermediate runner is adjusted in vertical direction as desired. When so adjusted, the runner is locked in position in the manner just described. It will be seen that we thus provide both a vertical and a lateral adjustment for this runner, and that these adjustments can be as readily effected as the adjustments of the runner 2 upon the auxiliary stock. These adjustments, moreover, are entirely independent of the adjustments of the auxiliary runner 2, as the adjusting-slides and guide-ways are mounted upon a fixed portion of the toe of the auxiliary stock.

While both of the movable runners are adjusted vertically and laterally, independently of each other, and while each is also independently adjustable, vertically and laterally, of the fixed runner on the main stock A, there is a certain dependency of adjustment of the movable runners, due, however, solely to the inclination of the plane, when at work in a position similar to those shown in Figs. 18, 20 and 21.

For the purposes of our present invention, it is immaterial whether the intermediate runner and its adjusting-means are placed upon the auxiliary stock or upon the main stock, as the intermediate gage would be actuated and controlled in the same manner and perform the same functions in both cases. In Fig. 21 we have shown the said runner, with its adjusting-slides, guides, and adjusting and clamping-screws, mounted upon the main stock, A, of the plane.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 13 to 16, inclusive, the adjusting and clamping-devices for the cutter, or plane iron, will now be described.

45 designates the cutter, which is secured to the adjusting-screw 46 by means of a pin-and-slot connection 47, said screw working in registering threaded apertures in the bracket 46′ and being controlled, in the usual manner, by means of a hand-wheel 48. As will be seen from Fig. 1, the slot in the cutter is upon the extreme outer edge, in line with the edge-wall of the cutter-slot, to adapt the plane for use with wide or narrow irons. Rotation of the adjusting-screw is prevented by means of a pin, 49, working in the longitudinal slot or groove 50 in said screw. When the cutter has been adjusted to the proper depth, it is clamped in position by means of a clamping wedge-bolt, designated in a general way by 51, and working in an aperture or bore, 52, extending entirely through the main stock transversely but in a slightly oblique direction. The head 51′ of this bolt is beveled off to conform with the inner side of the main stock, and the lower face thereof, which binds against the upper side of the cutter 45, is filed off obliquely, as shown at 512, to form a wedge adapted to be crowded against the said face of the cutter and clamp the cutter against the rear wall 53 of the cutter-slot. As will be seen, the action of this clamping-bolt is such that when it is drawn into its bore 52 by the rotation in the corresponding direction of the nut 54, it will wedge against and clamp the cutter in place; while when it is forced out of the said bore by the turning of the nut in the opposite direction, it rises away from and unlocks the cutter. This wedging action, as will be seen, admits of the clamping in position of very wide or very narrow cutters as well as very thick or very thin cutters. In the upper face of the head 51′ of the clamping-bolt, is a slot, 513, co-operating with a pin, 55, passed through the upper wall of the main stock downwardly into the bore 52. This pin-and-slot connection prevents rotation of the clamping-bolt when actuated by the turning of the nut 54, so that only a reciprocatory movement will be imparted to the bolt by the nut. The nut 54 is provided with a circumferential groove or slot, 54’, and is held in place against the outer wall of the main stock, and just within the entrance to the bore 52, by means of a holding-plate, 56, surrounding the narrow portion of the nut at said slot or groove and held to the main stock by means of a set-screw 57. The nut is thus free to turn without danger of falling out of the bore 52.

Directly in front of the clamping-device for the cutter, and upon the outer side of the main stock near the toe thereof, is a depth-gage, or stop, designated in a general way by K, and clearly shown in Figs. 9 and 10. As shown, this gage consists of a face-plate, 81, having a perpendicular adjusting rod or post screw-threaded at 82. This adjusting-rod or bolt works in the vertical bore of a socket, 58, integral with the main stock of the plane, and is raised or lowered by means of a flanged nut, 59, the flange 59′ of which works in a transverse slot or groove, 58’, in said socket, the construction being similar to that of the nut 42 for adjusting the intermediate gage or runner 30. A clamp-nut, 592, holds the screw-post in place when adjusted. A scale, 60, is provided upon the main runner, for convenience of adjustment of the depth-gage, Both the depth-gage and its scale may be duplicated upon the outer side of the auxiliary runner, if desired, the socket for the gage being shown at 61 in Fig. 3, and the scale at 62 in Fig. 2.

When using the cutter or plane-iron as a plow, we throw into operation a spur, 63, rectangular in its general outline, but having rounded spur-points, 63′ and 632. A longitudinal slot, 633, with sloping or beveled walls, extends through the body of the spur and forms a guide-way for a conical-headed set-screw, 64. This spur is set into a vertical recess, 65, in the runner of the main stock, (see Fig. 11) and the spur is held in place within said recess by the expansion of its side-walls by the screw 64 when said screw is forced home within its seat, — the threaded aperture that extends through the main-stock runner transversely, as shown in Fig. 12. A second spur, 66, (as shown in Fig. 2,) is secured to the outer side of the auxiliary runner 2. This arrangement forms a very effective means for locking the spur firmly in place, and is very simple in construction. Either one of the two points of the spur may be brought into operation by removing and re-setting the screw 64, and the spur locked in position against the walls of the runner by the expansion of the thin sides thereof by the screw.

The side-gages or fences are interchangeable and may be used upon either side of the body of the plane. Moreover, the plane-gage E may not only be used upon either side of the stock, but it may also be reversed so that the handle will be nearest the body of the plane, and the rail or face-plate farthest therefrom. This arrangement of the gage is intended particularly for center-beading wide material, for which a very long reach is necessary. This gage, therefore, has its rail or face-plate ground with parallel sides, 67 and 68, so that the work. may be held properly whichever side may be in use. The under sides of the arms, 69, of the gage E are also ground at the points 70 to a plane parallel with the plane of the sole 71 of the rail or face-plate These upper stops thus form a guide or bearing-face on which to run the plane when used upon wide material for center-beading, &c.

The bearings, G, of the side-gages are connected by the handles 73 and 74, in such a manner that they are brought into the proper position for holding the plane with the hand which is not used for grasping the main handle 72. By means of the two side-edges, the material to be operated upon may be held firmly between the two face-plates or rails, so as to steady the plane laterally, and thus, in connection with the runners upon the main and auxiliary stocks, hold the plane to its course. We consider this as of importance, especially when a workman has to use the plane continuously for a considerable period of time. Another advantage arising from the use of two side-gages is that one of them may be set lower than the other, the rods B and C being put through the upper of the bearings G in one gage and through the lower bearings in the other gage, according to the character of the molding to be produced by the work-man. When the side-gage is carried by the rods in the upper bearings thereof, the face-plate or rail of the gage will usually extend below the cutter, so that, if desired, only a portion of the full width of the cutter may be used. Under some circumstances, the said rail may also extend below the cutter when carried by the rods in its lower bearings. The adjustable rail of the gage F is, preferably, provided with an overhanging flange, 83, in order to prevent the choking of the space between the adjustable rail and the main body by the falling of chips and shavings therein.

In Figs. 17 to 21, inclusive, we have illustrated a number of different arrangements or adjustments of the parts of our improved plane for different kinds of work. In Fig. 17 is shown the adjustment for making a tongue. Here the intermediate runner or gage 30 is set for the depth of the tongue, with the main and auxiliary runners at the same level, the side-gages being adjusted to engage the faces of the board. The corresponding groove in the opposite piece of material is made by substituting a proper grooving-cutter for the deep-slotted cutter used for forming the tongue, the position of the intermediate runner being correspondingly altered.

Figs. 19 and 20 illustrate different adjustments of the runners for plain molding from opposite sides of the piece of material. Fig. 21 illustrates a somewhat different adjustment of the runners to that shown in Fig. 20; but here the intermediate runner is mounted upon the main stock of the plane, and the adjustable side gage disposed at the opposite side of the work.

A further modification of the adjustable rail of the side gage F is here shown, at 84, as permitting both upward and downward tilting of the gage, whereby additional adjustability is provided therefor.

We consider as of especial importance the addition to a bench-plane having an auxiliary runner, vertically and laterally adjustable, of a third runner intermediate of the main and auxiliary runners, as by the use of such third runner a central and more perfect bearing-surface is secured for the plane, and the work of the cutter more perfectly and thoroughly accomplished, especially in beading, center-beading, and grooving or rabbeting.

All of the runners are relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another, so that they will track in correspondingly-narrow and relatively-adjacent grooves or channels in the work, as in forming narrow beads close together upon the material.

As the control of the adjustments of the intermediate gage is entirely independent of the adjustments of the auxiliary runner, readiness of manipulation is assured, and both hands of the workman may be used to simultaneously set the two adjustable runners to the positions desired. As before stated, it is immaterial whether this third gage be mounted upon the main or the anxiliary stock, as the adjustments can be as readily made from the one part of the tool as from the other. It will be observed that a very fine adjustment of this gage is obtained by means of the nut 42 riding upon the spindle 41, and carrying with it the runner. A substantially similar fine adjustment of the depth-gage or gages is also provided, which insures greater accuracy and precision in the laying out of the work to be done. The same may be said of the adjustment of the auxiliary gage or runner by means of its threaded bolt or spindle working in the fixed bracket or shoulder of the auxiliary stock; and a very stiff support is formed by this construction in connection with the clamping-sleeves and nuts upon the supporting-rods for the side-gages of the auxiliary stock. This clamping-sleeve and nut, in connection with the thumb-screws passing through the bore of the bearing of the auxiliary stock and through the slot in the sleeve, form a very secure and rigid clamping-means for holding the stock to said rod and the auxiliary runner to the inner face of the stop by means of the flanged inner end of the sleeve; as by means of the nut upon the outer end of said sleeve the gripping effect of said flange may be increased or diminished at will, to accord with the work being done.

The adjustment and locking of the cutter or plane-iron may be also very perfectly controlled by the setting of the cutter by means of the screw-post or spindle and hand-wheel, and the locking of the clamping wedge-bolt set at an angle sufficient to compensate for variations in thickness of different cutters. By means of the pin-and-slot connection, a very narrow cutter can be as perfectly set and clamped in place as a very wide one. Moreover, the adjusting-nut for said clamping-bolt is at all times in position for use, and cannot possibly be displaced or lost without removing its locking-plate.

By means of the side-gages, an approximate adjustment thereof upon the rods B and C may be obtained, and said gages then locked in position by the usual clamp-screws. A subsequent fine adjustment of the gage having the adjustable rail or face-plate is then effected by the turning of the adjusting-screw 79, which forces said adjustable rail away from the main fixed rail in opposition to the action of the springs. Various modiiications of this adjustable gage may be made, so long as the principle thereof — viz: normally holding said parts together by spring-pressure, and gradually separating them to regulate the distance of the adjustable rail from the fixed rail — is adhered to. As the two side-gages are interchangeable, it will be readily seen that our improved plane can be quickly and easily adjusted to any position for any kind of work, and that mutual adjustability of parts is not confined to the movable runners alone, but is also present in the gages as well. In addition to this, the position of the fixed gage can be reversed at either side of the stock, so as to accommodate material of either narrow or broad widths, a feature of special importance in center-beading upon wide material. The additional vertical adjustments of the gages rendered possible by inserting the rods in either the upper or the lower bearings are also of importance in using a cutter having its cutting-point considerably in advance of its cutting-heel, as one of the gages can then rest in its upper bearings while the other rests in the corresponding lower bearings. It also enables the workman to use either the full width of his cutter or only a portion thereof. The reversibility of the fixed gage is also a very useful characteristic when operating upon wide pieces, as the under sides of the connecting arms joining the fixed rail and the bearings of said gage, being in a plane parallel with the sole of the gage, rest upon the upper edge of the work and practically form a depth-gage therefor, thus steadying the plane, when working upon wide material, in a very perfect manner; and in connection with the outer face of the gage-rail, which is then in contact with the side of the material, a guide is formed which is as accurately adjusted with respect to the work as when the gage is in its usual position. The very long reach obtained by this reversal is, as before stated, especially useful for center-beading work.

The connection of the bearings of the auxiliary stock, and of the toe and heel portions of the auxiliary runner, by means of stiff arches or half-ring braces, forming between them one side of the plane-throat and affording ample clearance for the shavings and chips thrown out by the cutter, is a structural detail which we have found to be of very material importance in actual practice.

The clamping-device for the cutter or plow-iron is not essentially different from those now in use, except that it is placed obliquely to the cutter and the wedge corresponding in shape. By this means we obtain a much firmer hold upon the iron, and the cutter is, moreover, much more readily clamped and unlocked.

Having thus described our invention, we claim —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and its runner, of an adjustable auxiliary stock and runner, an independently-adjustable runner intermediate of said main and auxiliary stocks and carried by one of said stocks and adapted to form a central bearing-face for the plane, and means for positively maintaining said last-mentioned runner in its several positions independently of said first-mentioned runner, all of the runners being relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another whereby said runners will track in correspondingly-narrow and relatively-adjacent grooves or channels in the work, substantially as described.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main-stock and its runner, of an auxiliary stock laterally adjustable with respect to the main stock, an auxiliary runner mounted upon said auxiliary stock and vertically adjustable thereon, a runner having independent vertical and lateral adjustments with respect to the main and auxiliary runners and carried by one of said stocks and adapted to form a central bearing-face for the plane, and means for positively maintaining said last-mentioned runner in its several positions independently of said first-mentioned runners, all of the runners being relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another whereby said runners will track in correspondingly-narrow and relatively adjacent grooves or channels in the work, substantially as described.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and its runner, of an auxiliary stock laterally adjustable with respect to the main stock, an auxiliary runner mounted upon said auxiliary stock and vertically adjustable thereon, a third runner also mounted upon the auxiliary stock and adjustable thereon independently of the auxiliary runner and adapted to form a central bearing-face for the plane, and means for positively maintaining said third runner in its several positions independently of the first-mentioned runners, all of the runners being relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another whereby said runners will track in correspondingly — narrow and relatively — adjacent grooves or channels in the work, substantially as described.

4. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and its runner, of an auxiliary stock laterally adjustable with respect to the main stock, an auxiliary runner mounted upon said auxiliary stock and vertically adjustable thereon, and a third runner also mounted upon the auxiliary stock and vertically and laterally adjustable thereon independently of the auxiliary runner and adapted to form a central bearing-face for the plane, and means for positively maintaining said third runner in its several positions independently of the first-mentioned runners, all of the runners being relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another whereby said runners will traclr in correspondingly – narrow and relatively – adjacent grooves or channels in the work, substantially as described.

5. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main and auxiliary stocks and runners, of a third runner intermediate of the main and auxiliary runners and carried by one of said stocks and adapted to form a central bearing-face for the plane, a vertical adjusting-arm or slide for said third runner, a laterally-adjustable guide fixed against vertical movement with respect to the main and auxiliary runners, a clamping device for said lateral guide, a threaded spindle upon said guide, a nut traveling upon the spindle and carrying with it the vertical arm of the runner, and a clamping-device for said arm, and adapted to lock said third runner in its vertically-adjusted position, all of the runners being relatively thin and adapted to lie substantially contiguous to one another whereby said runners will track in correspondingly — narrow and relatively — adjacent grooves or channels in the work, substantially as described.

6. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and its runner, of lateral rods extending from said main stock, an auxiliary stock mounted upon said rods and adjustable in lateral direction thereon, an auxiliary runner having oblique parallel guides adapted to engage said rods to positively maintain said runner in parallelism with the cutter or plane-iron, and an adjusting-screw working in a bore in the auxiliary stool; in parallelism with said oblique guides and controlling the vertical adjustment of t.he auxiliary runner and adapted to transmit the force ot said runner to the auxiliary stock in a line parallel with said guides, whereby said auxiliary stock forms a positive stop for said runner longitudinally of the adjusting-screw and maintains said runner securely in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

7. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and its runner, of lateral rods extending from said main stock, an auxiliary stock mounted upon said rods and adjustable in lateral direction thereon, an auxiliary runner having oblique parallel guides adapted to engage said rods and to positively maintain said runner in parallelism with the cutter or plane-iron, and a right-and-left-hand adjusting-screw working in a bore in the auxiliary stock in parallelism with said oblique guides and controlling the vertical adjustment of the auxiliary runner and adapted to transmit the force of said runner to the auxiliary stock in a line parallel with said guides, whereby said auxiliary stock forms a positive stop for said runner longitudinally of the adjustingscrew and maintains said runner securely in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

8. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock; and runner, of lateral rods extending frorn said main stock, flanged sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, an auxiliary runner guided upon said rods obliquely parallel with the cutter or plane-iron and supported laterally between the flanges of said sleeves and the adjacent bearing-faces of the auxiliary stock, and an adjusting-screw mounted upon the auxiliary stock and controlling the vertical adjustment of the auxiliary runner and adapted to maintain said auxiliary runner in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

9. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, of lateral rods extending from the main stock, screw-threaded flanged sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, an auxiliary runner guided upon said rods obliquely parallel with the cutter or plane-iron, and supported laterally between the flanges of said sleeves and the adjacent bearing-faces of the auxiliary stock, adjusting-nuts upon said sleeves, and an adjusting-screw mounted upon the auxiliary stock and controlling the vertical adjustment of the auxiliary runner and adapted to maintain said auxiliary runner in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

10. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock, and lateral rods extending therefrom, of an auxiliary stock having bearings in line with said rods, laterally-adjust able flanged sleeves carried in said bearings and mounted upon said rods, the flanges of said sleeves adapted to carry between them and the adjacent bearing-faces of the auxiliary stock the auxiliary runner and thereby positively maintain said auxiliary runner against lateral movement, registering-apertures in the bearings and sleeves, and clamp-screws working in said apertures and adapted to lock the auxiliary stock to the rods, substantially as described.

11. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of an auxiliary stock and runner, laterally-adjustable sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, and means carried by said sleeves forming with the auxiliary stock vertical guides adapted for directing the corresponding movements of the auxiliary runner and for positively locking said auxiliary runner against lateral displacement, substantially as described.

12. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of an auxiliary stock and runner, laterally-adjustable sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings inthe auxiliary stock, means upon said sleeves engaging the auxiliary runner, and means for clamping said sleeves and runner aud forming with the auxiliary stock vertical guides adapted for directing the corresponding movements of the auxiliary runner and for positively locking said auxiliary runner against lateral displacement laterally in their adusted positions, substantially as described.

13. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of an auxiliary stock, and runner, means for adjusting said runner vertically upon the auxiliary stock, and laterally-adjustable sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, said sleeves adapted to engage the auxiliary runner and form with the auxiliary stock vertical guides for directing the corresponding movements of the auxiliary runner and for positively clamping said auxiliary runner laterally in its adjusted position, substantially as described.

14. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of an auxiliary stock, and runner, laterally adjustable sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, means upon said sleeves and co-operating with the face of the auxiliary stock adjacent to said sleeves for clamping the auxiliary runner laterally in its adjusted position, and means for simultaneously clamping the auxiliary stock and sleeves to the rods, substantially as described.

15. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of the auxiliary stock and runner, laterally-adjustable sleeves mounted upon said rods and carried in bearings in the auxiliary stock, means upon said sleeves and co-operating with the face of the auxiliary stock adjacent to said sleeves for clamping the auxiliary runner laterally in its adjusted position, registering-apertures in the bearings and sleeves, and clamp-screws working in said apertures and adapted to lock the auxiliary stock and the sleeves to the rods, substantially as described.

16. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, lateral rods extending from said stock, and an auxiliary stock and runner mounted upon said rods, of gages also mounted upon said rods and upon each side of the body of the plane and adjustable toward and from the stock and adapted to engage the lateral faces of the work and to be positively held thereby against lateral movement relatively to the work when said gages are clamped to the rods, substantially as described.

17. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and lateral rods extending from said main stock, of a laterally-adjustable side-gage mounted upon said rods and having an auxiliary member laterally and radially adjustable independently of the body of the gage and relatively thereto, and a resilient connection between said auxiliary member and the body of the gage and adapted to hold said members normally in engagement with each other, substantially as described.

18. In a bench-plane, the combination with the main stock and runner, and Iateral rods extending from said stock, of a laterally-adjustable side-gage mounted upon said rods and having a two-part movable rail comprising an intermediate member laterally-adjustable independently of the body of the gage and in parallelism therewith, an oscillatory face-plate hinged to said intermediate member, and a locking-means for said two-part rail, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
FRED. J. DOLE,
ROBT. U. RUDDELL.

No. 55,207 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Georg Müller) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”117″]55207

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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GEORG MÜLLER, OF NEW YORK, NY., ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND HENRY JOSEPH BANG, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 55,207, dated May 29, 1866.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORG MÜLLER, of the city, county, and State of New York, United States of America, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes 5 and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view of a carpenter’s plane with my invention applied to it. Fig. 2 is a side elevation. Fig. 3 is a vertical section. Fig. 4 is an edge view of the bit-iron; Fig. 5, an edge view of the cap-iron or base of the sliding box; Fig. 6, a view of the sliding box with its slots; Fig. 7, a view of the sliding box in connection with the joint-pin, forked prize-piece or carrier, and set-screws; Fig. 8, an edge view of said prize-fork, and Fig. 9 a plan of same.

This invention relates to a carpenter’s plane in which the plane-iron or bit is so placed in relation to the plane-stock that the cutting-edge of the bit shall be forward of or projected beyond the forward end of the plane-stock, for the purpose of planing into the angles of stationary or framed carpenter-work, whether of square or molded form, and thus enable the carpenter to rent his doors, window-sashes, &c., to their frames with facility and dispatch; and, besides this, the cap-iron is so applied to the bit and to an adjustable or sliding box, which is pivoted in the plane-stock, as to render the plane-irons or cutters capable of the nicest adjustment and stability in relation to the plane-stock by means of a carrier or prize-fork within the said box and its set-screws.

Having described the nature of my invention, I will now explain its construction and mode of operation.

In the drawings, A is the plane-stock; B,the handle, and O the plane»iron or cutting-bit. D is the cap-iron, with its lips or projections d d, for reception of the box E. The box E has slots e e, through which the joint-pin G passes, and contains a forked carrier, F, the said carrier having holes through the arms f f for reception of the joint-pin or pivot G, which passes through the said arms f f, the box E, and the plane-stock A. The carrier is sustained and stopped at its opposite end by set-screws g g h, as shown in Fig. 7. There is also a thumb or clamping screw, I, which passes through the box E, between the forked arms of the carrier F, and abuts against the cap-plate D, for the purpose of bracing the irons G and D against the plane-stock A. The front end of the plane-stock, A’, or that part of it in front of the bit G, which, with the plane-stock A, forms the throat a’, I make of iron, steel, or other metal, of the form shown by the red line a’ a’, if desired. The bit C tapers toward its cutting end, and has a boss, x, on its outer end to aid in adjusting the same.

The operation of my invention is very simple, and is as follows: In the first place, I put the bit C in the throat a of the plane-stock A. I next set the forked prize-piece F within the box E, and insert the set-screws g g and retaining-screw It in the box and carrier. I then screw the clamping-screw I through the box, so as to abut against the cap-plate D. I now set the box on the said cap-plate, between the lips d d, and the box, thus prepared, I place in the throat ct of the plane-stock A, on the bit C, and I pass the joint-pin or pivot G through the iron throat a of the plane-stock, through the box E, and the carrier F.

To adjust the cutting-irons in relation to each other and to the plane-stock in a longitudinal direction will be simply to turn the screws g g, when the cap D will be carried by the box E in the direction of the mouth of the plane; or, by a reverse motion of the screws, the said cap will be carried back from the said mouth because of the carrier F being held by the joint-pin G; and should a transverse adjustment of the irons be necessary, the same can be done by slackening one of the screws g and screwing the other up. Now that the irons are properly adjusted to hold the same firmly in position, I clamp the screw I and the bearing-screw lt, when my improved plane is ready for operation.

It will be seen from the above that in the application of my invention to a plane-stock the box E is made a lever, of which the joint-pin G is the fulcrum, and the power being applied through the clamping-screw I, the pressure is exerted against the cap-plate D and the bit C, in consequence of which the said pressure will be equally distributed on that portion of the surface of the throat of the plane on which the bit C rests, and for which reason the plane-stock at its mouth will not become swollen or crushed down in rear of the bit and below the surface of the face of the plane, as is the case with the plane for which Letters Patent of the United States were granted to me on the 9th of October, 1865, in which the strain or pressure on the bit C, by means of the screw I, is brought to bear on the mouth of the plane-stock, crushing down the mouth of the plane in rear of the bit, thus rendering my previous invention inoperative, and to remedy this defect prompted me to produce my present invention, which I claim to be an improvement on the former.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The sliding box E, with clamping-screw I, and the forked prize-piece F, in combination with the cap-plate D and bit C, together with placing the same in the throat a, or forward end of the plane-stock, substantially as and for the purposes set forth and described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature.

GEORG MÜLLER.

Witnesses :
HENRY J. BANG,
A. NEILL.

No. 165,356 – Improvement In Dado Planes (Charles G. Miller And Leonard Bailey) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”58″]165356

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES G. MILLER AND LEONARD BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT; SAID MILLER ASSIGNOR TO SAID BAILEY.

IMPROVEMENT IN DADO-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 165,356, dated July 6, 1875; application filed February 24, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES G. MILLER and LEONARD BAILEY, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State ot Connecticut, have invented an Improved Dado, of which the following is a specitication, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a top view. Fig. 2 is a left side view. Fig. 3 is a front-end view.

The device is a joiner’s tool of that kind or class known as dados, and the features of the invention are two in number — first, a peculiar gravitating guide, which is both laterally and vertically adjustable; and, second, a depth-guide, made reversible, so that it can be used on the right or the left side ofthe body of the tool.

The parts of the tool herein shown and described are metallic, except that the knob or ball, which serves as a hand-grasp, may well be of iron.

The letter a denotes the stock or body of the tool, to the rear end of which is fixed the handle a1, having the wooden knob or hand-grasp a2. The letter b denotes the “iron,” so called; and c, the chisel or “iron ” which cuts or marks the sides of the groove, both the chisels running down the same throat. The letter d denotes a depth-gage, attached to and vertically adjustable upon the side of the body a, by means of the set screws e e, for regulating the depth of the cut. This depth gage is detachable from the left side of the body a, where it appears in the drawings, and attachable in the same manner to the right side by means of the screws e’ e’, which correspond in office and purpose to the screws e e. The letters f f denote two rods rigid on the bar g. These rods run through the sockets i i in the body a, and are set and held at a desired point by the thumb-screws h h, thus making the side guide, about to be described, laterally adjustable to and from the body a. The letter m denotes the side guide borne on the vertical rods n n, which run up through the sockets g’ g’, having vertical play therein, and thereby giving the side guide on the same vertical play, the cap-screws n’ n’ preventing the rods n n from falling down through and away from the sockets g’. The manner of using this tool is shown in Fig. 3, the letter o denoting a board with a groove, o’, cut therein, and the dado about to out another groove, the side guide m fitting against the side of the groove o’, and resting on the bottom of the groove. As the chisel of the dado cuts deeper and deeper into the wood the side guide m, remains vertically stationary, the vertical play of the rods n n permitting this. The side guide m is shown in the drawings upon the right side of the body a. It can be taken off or detached from this side and, being turned end for end, attached upon the left side of the body a in a precisely similar manner; and in such case the depth-guide d is taken off the left side of the body and, being turned end for end, attached in precisely similar manner to the right side.

We are aware that side guides are not new, nor do we mean to claim such generally, but only the peculiar combination we describe, which allows our side guide to remain stationary upon the bottom of a groove while the plane descends into the wood at another place — that is, a gravitating side guide.

We claim as our invention —

1. The combination of the stock a, rods f f bar g, sockets g’ g’, rods n n, having free play, within limits, in sockets g’, and the guide m, all substantially as described.

2. The combination of the body a with the depth-gage d and side guide on, which can be used upon either side of the body a, substantially as shown and described.

CHARLES G. MILLER.
LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
H. C. WILLIAMS,
W. H. LINSLEY.

No. 181,357 – Improvement In Tonguing And Grooving Planes (Charles G. Miller) (1876)

[paiddownloads id=”59″]181357

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES G. MILLER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN TONGUING AND GROOVING PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 181,357, dated August 22, 1876; application filed July 17, 1876.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES G. MILLER, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Tonguing and Grooving Planes, of which the following is a specfication:

In Letters Patent No. 165,355, granted July 6, 1875, a plane is shown with two cutters and an intermediate groove for the tongue that is left upon the edge of the piece of wood, and there is a guide that can be turned around or reversed when the plane is to be used for grooving. In this plane there is but one guide for the face of the board, the guide having two sides, one of which comes against the board in planing the tongue, and the other comes against the face of the board in planing the groove after the guide has been swung around for that purpose.

My present improvement consists in the combination, with a tonguing and grooving plane and stationary guide, of a second guide that is movable in a plane parallel to the face of the stationary guide, so that the plane can be used in the ordinary manner for tonguing the edge of the board, the movable guide remaining out of the way while so doing, and upon depressing the movable guide it changes the tool into a grooving-plane, so that only one cutter is used to form the groove.

In the drawing, Figure 1 is a side view of the plane. Fig. 2 is an inverted plan. Fig. 3 is a section at x x, with the movable guide or fence out of use; and Fig. 4 is a section at the line y y, representing the plane as in use for forming a groove.

The stock a, handle b, and knob c, are of any usual or desired size or character. The two cutters e and f are also constructed in the ordinary way and clamped, preferably by levers and thumb-screws. The stationary guide or fence It is upon the plane-stock, and I runs against the face of the board in the ordinary manner when the plane is being used to form a tongue. The cutter e is of the same width as the tongue ; hence to use said cutter in forming a groove it is only necessary to introduce a movable fence or guide at the proper distance from the cutter to enable the work-man to use the plane for grooving the wood for the reception of the tongue.

I accomplish this object by using the movable fence or guide i that moves in a plane parallel with the face of the stationary guide k.

I have shown this guide i as sliding vertically in a narrow channel made through the plane-stock, and the guide i is attached at one side of a headed stud, k’, that passes through the hollow stud l upon the plane-stock.

The portion of the stock that forms the bed for the cutters is slotted or channeled to allow of the movement of this guide ; so, also, is the stud upon which the knob e is placed. When the guide fi is pushed down into position shown in Fig. 4, the plane is adapted to grooving, and when said guide is not needed, it is moved in the plane parallel to the face of the board so as to be out of the way when using the plane for forming the tongue. This guide i might be pivoted at one end and swing in the same plane of motion as aforesaid, in a manner similar to a knife-blade.

I claim as my invention —

The combination, with a tonguing-plane, having stock a, cutters e and f, and guide k, of the second guide or fence i, moving in a plane parallel to the face of the stationary guide, substantially as set forth.

Signed by me this 7th day of July, A. D.
1876.

C. G. MILLER.

Witnesses:
JULIUS H. PEASE,
ISAAC PORTER.

No. 216,979 – Improvement In Bench Planes (Jacob Siegley) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”60″]216979

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JACOB SIEGLEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 216,979, dated July 1, 1879; application filed December 6, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB SIEGLEY, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Conibination Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the acompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 represents a side view of my improved bench-plane arranged as a plow. Fig. 2 is a side view of the gage or fence used therewith. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are, respectively, a side view, top view, and vertical transverse section on line x x, Fig. 3, of the bead-plane to be used in connection with the stock of the bench-plane. Figs. 6 and 7 are a side view and a cross-section on line y y, Fig. 6, of a scratch-bead plane. Figs. 8, 9, and 11 are, respectively, a side view, top view, and vertical transverse section on line z z, Fig. 9, of the “dado” or rabbeting attachment ; and Figs. 10 and 12 are vertical transverse sections on lines c c and k k of the plane arranged as a plow or grooving-plane.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

This invention refers to such improvements in the bench-plane for carpenters’ use that the same may be used with greater facility either as a plow, bead-plane, scratch-bead, or dado or rabbeting plane for the different purposes of grooving, beading, and rabbeting, the parts of the plane and interchangeable attachments being so constructed as to take up much less room in the tool-chest than the common wooden planes in use. The different parts are also quickly adjusted on the main stock, and the work accomplished in a more perfect and accurate manner without any sandpapering or finishing of the edges.

The various attachments to the plane answer to all requirements of the work, and are, by the simpler, stronger, and more compendious shape, more convenient in use and less expensive than the diiferent sizes of wooden planes at present employed.

The invention consists of a main stock having a laterally adjustable and detachable side gage or fence, a vertically-adjustable double stop-gage, and interchangeable advance or lead cutters.

To eye-slots of the blade of the stock are locked the diiferent sizes of bead-planes, scratch-beads, and the dado or rabbeting plane, which are all provided with advance cutters for preventing the tearing of the edges by the cutters.

The dado is laterally adjustable to different sizes, and may, as well as the scratch-beads, be used in connection with the side gage and double-stop gages of the stock.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the stock of my improved bench-plane, which is made of iron or other suitable metal, with the customary handle and inclined bearing-surface for the detachable plow or grooving-iron B. The latter is secured to its bearing-surface by a pivot, lever, and clamp-screw, (shown in Fig. 1,) as commonly used in iron planes. Into the grooved bottom part of the stock is firmly secured the blade C, which extends throughout the whole length of the stock, and is recessed in suitable manner for the plow and other parts.

The blade C is provided with two or more eye-slots, a, which serve for admitting the beads of the locking-studs a’ of the bead-planes, scratch-beads, rabbeting-planes, and other attachments to be used in connection with the plow-stock A.

At one side of the stock extend horizontal guide-posts D, which are permanently secured to the stock, for the laterally-adjustable side gage or fence, E. This gage or fence E is hung by arms b, with horizontal sleeves b1, to the posts D, and readily adjusted thereon to any distance from the stock, and then secured by set-screws d, as shown in Figs. 2 and 12. This side gage serves to guide the plow, bead, or rabbeting plane at the required distance from the edge, in the well-known manner in bench-planes.

The stock A is next arranged in front of the plow, with a double stop-gage, F, whose shank F’ is vertically guided in recesses e of the stock and blade, and adjusted to any distance from the lower edge of the blade by a screw-nut, e1, working on the threaded bolt end of the shank F’. The rigid position of the double stop-gage F is secured by a side set-screw, e2, which prevents the gage from slipping while in use. The stop-gage extends at both sides of the stock-blade, and furnishes thereby a steadier and more reliable gage than the single stop heretofore in use at one side of the stock. The stop-gage is grooved at the under side, the groove extending centrally through its entire length, so as to enable the adjustment of the stop-gage to a point below the recess of the blade.

By this quickly-adjustable and positively-secured stop-gage the work is accomplished in a more reliable and accurate manner, and, owing to the rigid hold in the body of the stock, any possibility of irregular work prevented.

The blade has a vertical recess in front of the stop-gage F for the advance cutters G, which are shown in Figs. 1 and 10. These advance cutters are secured by means of a clamping-screw, f and the movable front portion, C’, of the blade C, the advance cutters being made of different sizes, corresponding to the different sizes of plows, so that each size of plow works with its corresponding size of advance cutter. The movable blade-section C’ is guided by slots on cross-pins ofthe stock, and firmly locked to the cutter G by the clamp-screw f The advance cutters do away with the work of running a gage over the board, and prevent the plows from tearing the edges in cross-grain timber. This is an important time and labor saving attachment, as it produces smoother edges and dispenses with the sandpapering or otherwise finishing of the same.

By means of the eye-slots of the blade a series of interchangeable bead-planes and scratch-beads, H, and a dado or rabbeting plane, I, may be used in connection with the plow-stock A. The bead-planes and scratch-beads H are shown in Figs. 3 to 7, a full set going with each stock. These are, like the dado, made of suitable metal, so as to take up less room, and are also more durable than the wooden bead-planes, which take up a great deal of room in the tool-chest and wear out rapidly. The bead-planes and dado are, in the same manner as the plow, provided with advance cutters G, that serve for the same purpose as the advance cutters of the plow.

The dado or rabbet plane is made adjustable to from three-eighths of an inch to one and one-quarter inch in width, one section being locked to the blade C, while the other section is adjustable on rigid posts of the fixed section by means of sleeves and set-screws, like the side gage, E, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, for cutters of varying sizes. Both sections have advance cutters G, as shown in Fig. 11, so as to lead the way for the main cutters. There may also be used, in connection with the stock, a set of hollows and rounds, as well as a set of smaller molding-planes, which feature is of special advantage for carpenters in smaller cities, away from the planing-mills.

The bench-plane, with its different attachments, is very handy and useful for all workers in wood, as it is less expensive, more durable, more compact, and better adapted in every respect to the different requirements of that trade.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. The combination, in a bench-plane, of the stock A and blade C, having a movable front section, C’, with interchangeable advance cutters G, and with a locking clamp-screw, f, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a plane-stock, A, and blade G, of a dado or rabbeting plane, I, which is locked, by a fixed plate having a longitudinal bottom shoulder, to the blade, and provided with a movable section or stock that is capable of adjustment on posts of the fixed plate, so as to receive different sizes of rabbeting-cutters, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of two witnesses, this 4th day of December, 1878.

JACOB SIEGLEY.

Witnesses:

PAUL GOEPEL,
ADOLF DENGLER.

No. 245,752 – Bench Plane (Jacob Siegley) (1881)

[paiddownloads id=”61″]245752

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JACOB SIEGLEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 245,752, dated August 16, 1881.
Application filed September 4, 1880. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB SIEGLEY, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the benchplane for carpenters’ use for which Letters Patent have been granted to me heretofore, under date of July 1, 1879, and numbered 216,979, the improvements being designed for the purpose of simplifying the construction and render the plane more convenient in use and less expensive.

The invention consists of a bench-plane the stock of which is provided with a fixed blade having a concave taper at its lower part, in combination with an auxiliary and laterally-adjustable blade having a similar taper symmetrically to that of the blade of the stock.

The invention consists, secondly, of a stock; which is provided at one side with detachable guide arms or posts tor the laterally-adjustable side gage or fence, and with shorter arms or guide-posts at the opposite side for the auxiliary blade. The plow or other cutting-tool is secured to the inclined bearing-surface of the stock by a wedge-piece and clamping-screw, the wedge-piece being guided along a flared cheek of the stock.

The invention consists, lastly, of the fastening of the advance cutters into grooves of the blades by clamping-screws flush with the blades.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate iny invention, Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my improved bench-plane ; Fig. 2, a vertical transverse section of the same on line x x, Fig. 1; and Figs. 3 and 4 are detail vertical transverse sections, respectively on lines y y and z z, Fig. 1, showing the fastening of the advance cutters to the blades of the plane and the locking wedge-piece of the plow or rabbeting-cutters. Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively a top view, partly in section, and a bottom view, of my bench-plane.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

In the drawings, A represents the stock of my improved bench-plane, which is made of iron or other suitable metal, with the customary handle at one end and an inclined bearing-surface, a, for the detachable plow or other cutting-tool B at the middle portion thereof. The plow B is secured to the bearing-surface by means of a sliding wedge-piece, B’, which is guided along a flared cheek, a’, of the stock A by means of a screw-post, b, secured to the wedgepiece, and a clamping-nut, b’, as shown, respectively, in Figs. 1 and 4.

The stock A is provided at its lower part with a fixed blade, C, which extends throughout the whole length of the stock, and is provided at one side thereof with a concave taper, d, as shown clearly in Fig. 2.

Horizontal guideposts D extend at one side from the stock and are screwed in detachable manner into sockets of the stock, and provided at the outer ends with diametrical holes for more easily detaching them from the stock. On the guide-posts D is supported the laterally-adjustable gage or fence E, which is secured in the usual manner to the post by set-screws. This gage orfence E serves to guide the plane when it is used as a plow, bead, or rabbeting plane, at the required distance from the edge, in the well-known manner in planes. The stock A is next provided, in front ofthe plow, with a stop-gage, F, which extends sidewise at both sides of the blade and is vertically adjustable in a recess of the blade, and secured at the proper height by a side clamp-screw, as shown in Fig. 1. The stock is furthermore provided, at the side opposite to that to which the guide-posts D ofthe fence E are applied, with fixed horizontal guide-posts G, which serve for the support of an auxiliary blade, C’ The blade C’ is attached to the lower ends of arms G’, the upper sleeve -shaped ends of which are guided on the posts G and secured thereto by set-screws. This auxiliary blade C’ is provided at its inner side, facing the blade of the stock A, with a concave taper, d’, which is symmetrical to that of blade C.

The auxiliary blade C’ is adjusted laterally on its guide-post for plows or cutters of different sizes, the concave edges of both blades C and C’ serving for guiding the plane along the bead formed by the bead-cutters. The tapering edges d d’ have but a small degree of concavity, so as to be adapted for use with the different sizes of bead-cutters.

The blades C and C’ are arranged between the plow or rabbeting-cutter and the stop-gage F, with advance cutters H, which are shown in Figs. 1 and 3. These advance cutters H are inserted into side grooves of the blades C and C’, which grooves encircle nearly entirely the advance cutters, so that they may be firmly forced by fastening clamp-screws e against the approaching edges ofthe grooves and thereby securely held in position. The cutting-edges of the advance cutters H are thereby in line with the outer surface of the blades C C’, which is essential for the proper action of the advance cutters. The advance cutters serve for all sizes of plows and cutting-irons and dispense with running a gage over the board and prevent the plows from tearing the edges in cross-grained timber.

When the advance cutters are worn out their fastening-screws are loosened and the cutters adjusted by being pushed downward in their guide-grooves and then reclamped by the fastening-screws, the heads of which are preferably flush with the blades. The advance cutters are made of the best steel, sharpened from time to time, and replaced by new cutters when worn out.

By means of the laterally-adjustable auxiliary blade and interchangeable ploivs and cutters the improved bench-plane may be used for grooving, beading, and rabbeting, either as a plow, bead-plane, scratch-bead, match-plane, and dado or rabbeting-plane. When used as a dado the fence and its guide-posts are detached, so as not to interfere with the hand in holding the square. It may be also used by the carpenter for sash-moldings and for other purposes, as it combines a number of useful features in a very compact and durable manner.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. In a bench-plane, the stock with fixed blade G and laterally-adjustable auxiliary blade C’, having concave tapers d’ on their inner sides, and an inclined bearing-surface, a, in combination with the holding device, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, substantially as set forth.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination of the blades C C’, the side grooves therein, the arms G’, the advance cutters H, the stop-gage F, the guide-post D, and the fence E, substantially as set forth.

3. In a bench-plane, the stock having an inclined bearing-face, a, and a recess with a flaring cheek, a’ a, plow B, a sliding wedge-piece, B’, fixed screw-posts D, and clamping-nut b’, in combination with the fixed and adjustable blades C C’ and advance-cutters H, substantially as set forth.

4. In a bench-plane, the combination of the fixed and adjustable blades C C’, each having a vertical and nearly circular side groove or socket, with advance cutters H and clamp-
screws e, bearing on their inner sides, the advance cutters being, on the outer side, flush with the outer surface of the blades, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that 1 claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of two witnesses, this 24th day of August, 1880.

JACOB SIEGLEY.

Witnesses:
PAUL GOEPEL,
CARL KARP.