Tag: 1867

No. 65,562 – Improvement In Joiners’ Planes (Arthur Gray) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”127″]65562

United States Patent Office.

ARTHUR GRAY, OF NAPLES, MAINE.

Letters Patent No. 65,562, dated June 11, 1867
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN JOINERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY OONCERN:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR GRAY, of Naples, in the county of Cumberland, and State of Maine, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others to make and use my invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 shows a side sectional elevation of a plane-stock with my improvement exhibited therein.

Figure 2 represents a front view of the baclcircn and the method of its attachment to the plane-stock.

Figure 3 represents a view of the clamping-iron with its staple.

Figure 4 is an end view of the same showing the thumb-screw.

My invention has relation to a new and more convenient method of securing the cutting-iron in an ordinary plane-stock.

a shows what I will term the back-iron, secured to the stock by the screw b, and having the projection c, which is somewhat within the aperture in the stock for the insertion of the cutter. Behind this projection is the small space d. e is the cutter, which is placed between the back-iron and the clamp h. The clamp holds the cutter as follows: k is a staple on the clamp, which staple passes under the projection c, as seen in the drawing. m is a thumb-screw. The cutter is placed on the back-iron a; over the cutter is then put the clamp h, with its staple k under the projection c; then turn the thumb-screw, and as the screw presses off the upper end of the clamp from the cutter it will bind the cutter at the lower end and be confined by the staple passing under the projection. Thus a simple arrangement is provided for holding the cutter. By turning out the screw the pressure of the clamp is relieved and the cutter can be removed or changed in position.

I do not claim the combination of an adjustable cap and a screw for the purpose of securing the bit, which bit is held by two screws, one on each side of the bit, as is exhibited in Letters Patent No. 10,748 to W. S. Loughborough, April 4, 1854. Neither do I claim the combination of a movable friction-plate-separate from the plane-iron, with the throat of the plane-stock, thc said plate being secured by a screw passing through it and the plane-iron, as seen in Patent No. 20,615, to L. Bailey, June 22, 1858.

I also disclaim one or more bearers, a clamp-lever, and a thumb-cam, as a means of fixing the plane-iron, adjusting the same in the stock, and removing it therefrom, seen in another patent to said Bailey, No. 21,311, August 31, 1858. Neither do I claim the combination of a cap and screw and two trunnions, fitting in adjustable bearings to hold the cutting-iron of a plane, as set forth in Letters Patent to Seth C. Howes, No. 37,694, February 17, 1863. These devices are different from mine in not having the clamp h, with its staple k, to operate in combination with the thumb-screw m and projection c on the bottom of the back-iron to confine the cutter.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination of the projection e, on the back-iron, with the staple k and thumb-screw m on the clamp, when arranged as and for the purpose set forth.

ARTHUR GRAY.

Witnesses:
WM. HENRY CLIFFORD,
HENRY C. HOUSTON.

No. 64,477 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Benjamin A. Blandin) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”125″]64477

United States Patent Office.

BENJAMIN A. BLANDIN, OF CHARLESTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 64,477, dated May 7, 1867

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IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that l, BENJAMIN A. BLANDIN, of Charlestown, in the county of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawings which accompany and form part of this specification, is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practise it.

The invention relates to the manner of securing and supporting a plane-iron in position, with reference to provision for adjusting the angle of the bit or cutter-iron or its extent of cutting action. ln certain bench-planes new in the market, having provision for clamping the iron in the stock by means of a clamp-lever, (as is shown, for instance, in United States Patents Nos. 20,615 and 21,311,) the iron is supported on a movable or rocking bed-piece pivoted to the stock at some distance above the mouth of the cutter, said bed-piece having a horizontal arm extending rearwards from it, through which arm a stationary vertical screw passes, upon which a nut works, so that when the cutter is clamped in position by the clamp-lever, the position or angle of the cutting edge of the bit may be adjusted to regulate the cut of the bit or the protrusion of the cutting edge from the face of the plane. The construction embraced in such tipping-bed, and in its connection with the plane-stock, is expensive, and the bed itself, not being supported below the pivots, trembles, and causes the cutting edge to chatter when the plane is being used. To cheapen the construction, and to so apply the bed that it is at all times supported directly above or adjacent to the mouth, are the objects of my invention, which invention consists in applying, in combination with the device by which the iron is clamped in the stock, a tipping or rocking bed-piece, the lower end of which is made convex on its under surface, such convexity resting in a cylindrical or concave depression or socket-seat in the stock, and the upper surface (at such lower end) having a plane face upon which the iron or cutter is supported, the rear end of the cutter straddling a screw, upon which the adjusting nut works, so that by screwing down said nut such rear end is depressed, tipping the lower end in its seat or socket, so as to diminish and regulate the angle and bite of the cutting edge of the iron.

The drawing represents a central section of a benclnplane embodying the invention.

a denotes the stock; b, the plane-iron or cutter; c, the cap; d, the clamp-lever. The cutter at the mouth e, and when introduced into the stock, rests on the incline f, and at the upper side of the throat of the stock on stops or ways g, (one on each side.) The clamp-lever slides under fulcrum-stops h, (one on each side,) its lower end bearing upon the cap, and so that by the action of a screw, i, or other suitable device, the cutter is clamped in the stock, as will be readily understood. Just in rear of the mouth e, a convex socket or depression, k, is formed in the stock, this socket serving as a seat for a rocking bed-piece, l, the front face an of which, when the cutter is introduced, is in the plane of the face f, against which the lower end of the cutter rests. The bed l has an arm, n, extending back from it, through a bifurcation, o, of which a stationary screw, p, extends, as seen in the drawings. A nut, q, works on this screw and against the arm n. When the cutter is introduced into the stock, this nut is turned back, so that the bed may be tipped in its socket to bring its face and the facefinto line, in which condition the cutting edge is protruded from the plane face for the maximum of cut desirable, and in this position the cutter is securely clamped. If now the nut q be turned down on its screw, it will bear upon the arm n, tipping or rolling the bed in its socket, and forcing the lower edge of the face in forwards, pressing up the cutting edge of the bit and lessening the cut, through all of which movement to the forcing of said edge in beyond the face of the plane, the part of the bed opposite to the bearing surface of the cutter thereupon is directly supported by the seat or socket k, such firm support being incapable of vibratory movement in itself, and preventing any vibrating or chattering movement in the cutter. The piece l is a simple casting, dropped into position when the cutter is to be introduced, requiring no fitting, and being very inexpensive, thereby rendering the construction embodying such means of adjustment very cheap, as well as very efficient and reliable.

I claim combining, with a mechanism for clamping a plane-iron in position, the rocking bed-piece l, supported and rolling in a concave seat, k, and serving to support and adjust the cutting edge of the plane-iron, substantially as set forth.

BENJN. A. BLANDIN.

Witnesses:
J. B. CROSBY,
F. GOULD.

No. 64,341 – Improvement In Plane-Irons (S. Markee) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”124″]64341

United States Patent Office.

S. MARKEE, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND JOHN M. EASTERLEY, OF SAME PLACE.

Letters Patent No. 64,341, dated April 30, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-IRONS.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, S. MARKEE, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Plane-Irons; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is an under side view of the plane-iron, showing the sliding-nut.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the same, taken through the line x x, fig. 1.

Figure 3 is a cross-section of the same, taken through the line y y, fig. 1.

Figure 4 is a detail sectional view, taken through the line z z, fig. 2, showing the under side of the sliding-nut.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

My invention has for its object to furnish an inaproved double plane-iron, simple and cheap in construction, and convenient in operation; and it consists, first, in attaching the cap to the plane-iron by a screw and sliding-nut; and, second, in the sliding-nut in combination with the plane-iron cap and screw, as hereinafter more fully described.

A is the plane-iron, which has a longitudinal slot, as shown, for the passage of the screw B, which secures the cap C to the plane-iron. The upper end of this slot is enlarged so that the nut D can he passed through it.

The cap C is made of sheet steel, slightly curved in its lower part, as shown in fig. 2. Through this cap is made a hole for the passage of the screw B. The screw B passes through the cap C and through the slot in the plane-iron A, and screws into the sliding-nut D, as shown in fig. 2. This nut is made with a projecting part or flange, as shown in figs. 2, 3, and 4, which its into the slot formed in the plane-iron A, and slides along said slot in adjusting the cap C upon the plane-iron A. By this construction it is not necessary to make the cap C as heavy as it was formerly made, when it had to be made thick enough to receive and hold the screw that held the cap and plane-iron together. This construction enables me to place the head of the screw on the upper side of the plane-irons, making it much more convenient to adjust the cap in proper position with reference to the cutting edge of the plane-iron than when the head of the connecting-screw was on the under side of the plane-iron, as was the case when the cap and plane-iron were connected together in the ordinary manner.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure hy Letters Patent, is —

The plane-iron, consisting of the slotted iron A, curved cap C, flanged sliding-nut D, and screw B, arranged and operating substantially as described for the purpose specified.

The above specification of my invention signed by me this 7th day of March, 1866.

S. MARKEE.

Witnesses:
B. J. IVES,
R. P. STOW.

No. 63,948 – Improvement In Bench Planes (Charles H. Sawyer) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”122″]63948

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES H. SAWYER, OF HOLLIS, MAINE.

Letters Patent No. 63,948, dated April 16, 1867
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. SAWYER, of Hellis, in the county of York, and State of Maine, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Plane Stocks; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others to make and use my invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation of my invention.

Figure 2, a plan of the top of the same.

Like letters refer to the same parts.

My invention has for its object the providing of a more convenient method than that now employed for adapting the bottom of a plane to curved surfaces, either concave or convex. In the accompanying drawings —

A shows a curved handle or stock, of the form indicated. B, fig. 1, shows a screw passing through the centre thereof and attached to the piece d. The cutting-iron, of the common form, is represented at e, and held in position by set-screws, fitting into slots therein and working into the inclined portion of the piece d. The set-screws and slots are seen at t s, fig. 2. The cutting-iron also passs through an aperture in the piece d. This is seen in fig. 1, at n. The piece d is firrnly and rigidly attached to the sheet m on its upper or inner side, at the centre thereof. The sheet m is secured to the ends of the curved handle or stock A by means of pivots or bolts, upon which it turns when bent. This is illustrated in fig. 1. The object of the piece d is to hold the end of the screw B and secure the cutting-iron in the manner above described. The space D is made in the curved stock or handle in order to admit of the insertion, adjustment, or removal of the cutting-iron e. Turning the screw B by means of the crank c, the sheet m is bent and retained in the positions indicated by the dotted lines in fig. 1, or at places intermediate between these two.

I am aware of the issue of Letters Patent to George F. Evans, but his invention is different from mine in several particulars.

I do not claim a graduating plane stock, combining, with a flexible sheet of metal for the bottom, two shanks and two set-screws for bending and retaining in position the same, and the sheet being secured at its centre to the middle of the stock, and bent at the ends thereof. I am also aware of a patent granted to the same which combines, with a bearing plate, two screws, two traversing nuts thereon, and two connecting-rods, the plate being attached to the stock, and being curved in a similar manner and at the same points as the one lirst mentioned. I do not claim such a method of imparting curvature to the plate, or the screws, traversing-nuts and connecting-rods, by which the curvature is given. My invention, further, differs from the subject of Letters Patent granted to the same, and numbered 41,983, which combines with a spring-face plate the construction of two connecting-rods and their receiving parts of the stock curved. The subject of Letters Patent granted to William A. Cole, June 6, 1848, consists of an ordinary plane with a convex face cut thereupon, to which, at the centre, is attached a metal plate, which is bent by means of slides attached to the ends thereof, said slides passing up against the front and back of the plane. I do not claim a device of this description.

The rejected application of Simon Williams, received and filed August 12,1862, describes a plane stock, wherein the metal plate is secured to the stock at the centre thereof and at the centre of the plate, and the plate is bent by means of adjusting screws turned to the right or left and bending the plate from its ends. This is dilferent from my invention in arrangement and operation, and I do not claim a device of this character. My invention is distinct from all of those above referred to, in having the flexible plate united at its ends to the ends of a curved stock, of the form delineated in the drawing, and, in both, receiving its curvature and being held at any desired curve by a vertical screw turned by a crank, and the screw being connected with the plate at the piece d.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The arrangement of the screw B, in combination with the joints or pivots by which the sheet m is connected at its ends to the ends of the handle or stock A, as and for the purposes herein described.

CHS. H. SAWYER.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM H. CLIFFORD,
HENRY C. HOUSTON.

No. 64,001 – Improvement In Plane Irons (William H. Eckert) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”123″]64001

United States Patent Office.

WILLIAM H. ECKERT, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 64,001, dated April 23, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE IRONS.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM HENRY ECKERT, of the city of Syracuse, Onondaga county, New York, have invented a new and improved Plane; and I do hereby deciare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification.

The letters used represent corresponding parts wherever they occur.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the same, and its form when complete and ready for use.

Figure 1 represents a perspective view of the plane irons when put together.

Figure 2 represents the cap.

Figure 3 represents a cross sectional view of both the plane irons, with the nut and screw.

In the common form of plane irons the screw is made to pass directly into the cap, for the purpose of holding the two irons together. This form of construction involves the necessity of unscrewing the cap when-ever the irons are separated for sharpening, or any other purpose of separation. The object of my invention is to dispense with this necessity and enable the irons to separate by simple handling.

I make the cutting iron A in all respects in the common form, with an elongated slot, a, for the movement of the screw s, and with a circular aperture, o, for the screw-head to pass through. Instead of inserting the screw in the cap, I make the nut n, which may be in any convenient form, square, oblong, circular, or other-wise; but I consider the oblong form the best, because best calculated to bold the cap straight with the cutting iron. In the cap C I make the slot or opening h, into which the nut n is made to fit, and it should be so made as to receive the nut with a snug joint. By this means the cap C, which in other respects is made in the common form, is readily adjusted by means of the screw and the irons, separated by slipping the cap C off from the nut n.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The nut n, in combination with the planing iron A, the screw s, and the cap C, made and operated substantially as and for the purposes described.

I also claim the slot h in the cap C, when made to it upon the nut n, and applied to planing irons, substantially as described.

WM. H. ECKERT.

Witnesses:
N. B. SMITH,
G. W. SMITH.

No. 70,894 – Improved Edge-Plane (John E. Plummer) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”133″]70894

United States Patent Office.

JOHN E. PLUMMER, OF BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 70,894, dated November 12, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVED EDGE-PLANE.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, JOHN E. PLUMMER, of Binghamton, in the county of Broome, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful improvement on Edge-Planes for trimming the edges of boots and shoes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figures 1 and 2 are perspective views, showing the concave and convex cutters.

Figure 3 represents the stock with the cutter-guard and throat detached.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each figure.

The object of my improvement is to construct a “reversible-edge plane” for trimming the soles of boots and shoes, which shall possess all the qualities requisite to accomplish the object with greater facility and ease, and at the same time to require less attention to keep it in order, than those in common use.

The nature of my invention consists in arranging a cutter on each side and in the centre of a stock, with a handle at each end. One of the cutters is designed for trimming the fore part of the sole, and the other for the “shank,” or that part under the instep, thereby combining in the same tool a cutter for the front or convex edges, and another for the “shank,” or concave edges of the sole.

It also consists in the simplicity of its construction and the adaptability of its form to accomplish the object designed.

I construct the stock A and the handles of cast brass, iron, or other suitable material. In the centre of the stock, I make projections B B on each side of the handles for the cutters C C, which are held in their places by the guard-plates D D, which are grooved to correspond with those in the stock, as represented in fig. 3, letters E E. The lower ends of said guard-plates are notched to fit into the shanks of the handles. The upper ends F F project above the face of the cutters, and are chamfered to work between the sole and the “uppers” of the boot or shoe, thereby protecting the work from injury. I then drill a hole, G, through the plate and into the stock, tap it, and enter the screw, but before turning it fully down, and while the guard-plate is still slightly loose, I enter the cutter into the grooves E E, and turn up the screw, which holds it securely in position. The throat H of the plane is made of steel, bent at right angles to the face, fitted between the guard and stock-back of the cutters, and the arm into a recess, I, held in place by a screw. The hole in the arm, through which said screw passes into the stock, is slightly elongated, for the purpose of graduating the shaving of the cutter. The stock A is chamfered down under the cutter and throat for the purpose of giving clearance to the shavings. The handles of the plane are slightly curved, and connect with the stock opposite, and their upper sides nearly flush with, the face of the plane or cutter on each side, so that when trimming the concave edges of the sole under the instep the opposite handle will not interfere with the work. One of the cutters is made straight for the purpose of trimming the convex edges of the sole. The other is curved to correspond to the concave edges under the instep.

The convex or fore part of the sole requires a “finer set” of the cutter than that of the shank or concave part, consequently manufacturers often use two instruments to accomplish the object rather than be constantly changing the “set” of the tool.

I am aware that there are many other arrangements for a similar purpose, but, so far as I know, there are none involving the combinations of my improvement. I therefore disclaim all interference with others, and confine myself to the novel features of my improvement.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The construction and use of a “reversible-edge plane,” substantially as described and represented for the purpose set forth.

JOHN E. PLUMMER.

Witnesses:
A. E. ANDREWS,
JAMES FLYNN.

No. 72,443 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Leonard Bailey) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”134″]72443

United States Patent Office.

LEONARD BAILEY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 72,443, dated December 24, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL PERSONS TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specihcation, and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view, and Figure 2, a longitudinal section of a plane-iron and its cap-iron, and their holding-devices, such cap-iron being constructed in accordance with my improvement.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the plane-iron and cap-iron, as ordinarily constructed, that is to say, with one bend, a, only near the bearing-edge of the cap-iron.

My object is to use very thin steel plane-irons, and in so doing I find that they are liable to buckle under the pressure of the cap, which causes them to chatter, and makes them otherwise imperfect; and my invention consists in the providing of an auxiliary point of contact between the cap and plane-iron, and at the point where the plane-iron tends to buckle or rise from its bed or base, and thus have a pressure at that point in addition to that at the cutting-edge, which firmly holds this thin plane-iron to its bed.

The cap-iron, as commonly constructed, that is, as shown at D, in fig. 3, when applied to the plane-iron E, will rest thereon only at the extreme lower end of the cap-iron, and also at or very near its upper end. There will be along angular space, b, between the two irons, when they are clamped together by the holding-devices which are represented in figs. 2 and 3, at A, B, and C, and consist of a screw, A, a bearing, B, and a cam-lever, C, arranged in a manner well known.

The dfficulty experienced from the construction of the cap-iron with the single bend a, is, that it allows of vibration of the cap-iron and the plane-iron while in use, such vibration being productive of what joiners term “chattering,” and consequent defective operation of the plane.

In carrying out my improvement, I make the cap-iron with an additional bend, b, (see figs. 2 and 3,) at a short distance back of its lower end or toe, or at a distance therefrom equal to about double the distance at which such lower edge or toe is to be from the main bend a, or the toe of the bearer B, the same being as shown in figs. 2 and I, so as to cause the cap-iron D’ to bear on the plane-iron E’ in three places, or at the toe and auxiliary bend of the cap-iron, and along from such bend to the heel or upper end of the cap-iron. This construction or formation of the cap-iron D’ completely obviates the difficulty above mentioned, and is a very valuable and useful improvement.

In all bench~planes the plane-iron must project slightly beyond its bed or bearing, the edge of the bed beyond which it projects serving as a fulcrum to the force of the pressure ofthe cap upon the extreme edge of the plane-iron. When thick plane-irons are used, their stiffness may resist the pressure of the cap sufficiently to prevent buckling or rising of the plane-iron from its bed; but in thin steel plane-irons which I use, the pressure of the cap upon the projecting portion of the plane~iron causes this portion to yield slightly, and of course produces buckling at some point behind, and generally close to the fulcrum. To prevent this buckling or rising, and still use the thin steel plane-irons, I put an extra bend in the cap, so that it shall have a point of impact with the thin steel at the place where it tends, from the pressure on its projecting edge, and the fulcrum behind that edge, to risefrom its bed, and thus I effectually prevent “buckling” and “chattering,” whilst I can avail myself of the economy of thin steel for the plane-irons.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent in the adaptation of thin steel to the plane-irons of bench-planes, is —

The auxiliary point of impact between the cap and the thin plane-iron, at the point or portion thereof where the thin steel tends to buckle under the pressure of the cap upon the projecting edge of the plane-iron, substantially in the manner described.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 67,398 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Leonard Bailey) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”130″]67398

United States Patent Office.

LEONARD BAILEY OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 67,398, dated August 6, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENTS IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL PERSONS TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specification, and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view.

Figure 2, a side elevation, and

Figure 3 a longitudinal section of a plane provided with my invention.

The stock of the plane I construct in two parts, A B, the throat C for the reception ofthe plane-iron being formed in both of them in manner as represented. The lower portion B of the stock I make of wood, and the upper portion A of iron or metal, each being formed in manner as represented in the drawings. The portion A is placed on the top of the part B, and they are connected by clamp-screws a b going down through slots c d made in the part A, the same being so as to enable the part A to he moved a little lengthwise or adjusted on the part B, as occasion may require, in order to bring the plane-iron supporting-face e of such part A flush or even with the upper surface of a thin plate when glued or fixed to the plane-iron or supporting-face f of the part B. As the lower surface of the part B may become worn away, from use of the plane, the opening of the lower part of the throat will grow wider, and finally become so wide as to render it necessary to glue, or fix on the back or inclined face of that part of the throat which is on the part B, a thin layer or plate of wood or other material of sufficient thickness to bring the plane-iron in its true relation with the front edge of the opening of the throat. The advantage of applying the parts A and B to each other in manner or so as to enable the part A to be moved and adjusted on the part B will thus be apparent. The plane-iron is represented at C’ as provided with a cap-iron, D, which is fastened to the plane-iron by means of a clamp-screw, g, which goes through a slot, k, made lengthwise in the plane-iron and screws into the cap-iron. The cap-iron, near its upper end or heel, and directly over the slot h, I form with a hole or slot, k, to receive the shorter arm l of a forked lever, D’, which, with its fulcrum m, is arranged in the part A in manner as represented. The said forked lever is shown in top view in Figure 4, its shorter arm being arranged at or about at a right angle with its longer or furcated arm. The two prongs of the forked arms embrace the shank of a nut, E, and enter a groove, l’, made in and around the shank. This nut is screwed on a vertical male screw, F, extending up from the part A and near to its rear handle m’, in manner as shown in the drawings. The object of the said nut and furcated lever, as arranged and applied to the part A or the plane-stock, and the cap of the plane-iron, as explained and represented, is to enable a person to move the said plane-iron lengthwise in order to properly adjust its cutting-edge with reference to the bottom surface of the plane-stock. Were the hole k in the plane-iron instead of in the cap-iron, the plane-iron, as it might become worn up by the process of sharpening it, would require a new hole or series of holes in it to render it available, but by having the hole k in the cap-iron, such hole not only serves, with the shorter arm of the lever D, as a means of readily attaining the proper position of the plane-iron and its cap-iron in the stock, but enables the plane-iron to be adjusted by the action of the lever and the nut and screw, and to be adjusted on the cap-iron, as occasion may require, after a sharpening of the plane may have taken place. In order to aid in depressing the heel of the fastening bearer or lever G from the head of the screw H, as well as to afford a means of aiding in throwing up the cam-lever I, and to enable the cam o of such lever to turn without friction on the cap-iron, I affix to the bearer, on its under side, a spring plate, p, it being arranged with the bearer and its lever I in manner as represented.

What I claim as my invention in the above-described joiner’s plane is as follows:

I claim the arrangement of the two parts A B of the stock together, and with slots c d and clamp-screws a b, as described, whereby such parts may be adjusted with reference to each and clamped together as and for the purpose specified.

I also claim the combination as well as the arrangement of the adjusting screw F and nut E, or the equivalent thereof, and the bent lever, with the plane-stock.

Also, the arrangement of the hole k in the cap-iron to operate with the adjusting lever, combined with the screw and nut, or the equivalent thereof, and applied to the stock, as set forth.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
GEO. H. ANDREWS.

No. 67,458 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (G.D. Spooner And L.N. Johnson) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”131″]67458

United States Patent Office.

G. D. SPOONER, OF RUTLAND, AND L. N. JOHNSON, OF BRANDON, VERMONT

Letters Patent No. 67,458, dated August 6, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that We, G. D. SPOONER, of Rutland, and L. N. JOHNSON, of Brandon, both in the county of Rutland, and in the State of Vermont, have invented a new and useful improvement in Planes; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable those skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification, in which drawing —

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional plan or top view of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

This invention relates to a plane in which the bit or plane-iron is secured by means of a set-screw to a cross-head, which is adjustable by means of a thumb-screw in a slotted plate fastened to the stock of the plane, and which is provided with shoulders in such a manner that when the set-screw which forms the connection between the plane-iron and the cross-head is released, the cutting edge of the plane-iron can be readily adjusted in the required position by turning the thumb-screw, and by screwing up the set-screw the plane-iron is firmly retained in the required position.

A represents the stock of our plane, which is made of wood or any other suitable material. This stock is provided with a cavity to receive a metal plate, B, which is firmly secured to the stock, and the outer surface of which is in line with the inner surface of the throat of the plane, as clearly shown in fig. 1 of the drawing. The plate B is furnished with a slot, a, which forms the guide for the cross-head C, which is provided with lips, b, projecting over the inner edges of the slot a, as shown in fig. 2. When the cross-bead is in position in the slot it its outer surface or face is slightly below the outer surface ofthe plate B, and said cross-head is tapped to receive the set-screw c, which forms the connection between the plane-iron D and the cross-head. If the set-screw is screwed up it draws the cross-head up against the inner surface of the plate B, and at the same time it presses the plane-iron down tight against the outer surface of said plate and holds the same firmly in position. If the set-screw c is released the cross-head C can be moved up or down in the slot a by means of the thumb-screw E, the upper end of which is provided with a journal which has its bearing in a forked lug, d, projecting from the inner surface of the plate B, being retained therein by a pin, e, or in any other suitable manner, while the screw-shank of said thumb-screw is tapped into the cross-head, as shown in the drawing. If the set-screw c is released, therefore, the cutting-edge of the plane-iron can be readily adjusted in the desired position, and said plane-iron can also be turned so as to bring its cutting edge square with the sole of the plane, and after it has been so adjusted the set-screw is screwed up tight and the plane-iron is firmly retained in position. A cap, F, may be attached to the plane-iron by screws f which do not interfere with the motion of the plane-iron on the plate B. This arrangement is very simple, and it obviates all complicated and costly mechanism for retaining the plane-iron in position after the same has been adjusted in the required position by the action of the thumb-screw, no change in or attachment to the ordinary plane-iron being required in order to adapt it to our improvement.

We are aware of a plane described in Letters Patent of J. F. Palmer, February 3, 1857, which bears some resemblance to ours. He uses a thumb-screw like ours, but the nut of his thumb-screw is stationary, and in order to give motion to the plane-iron he attaches to the same a fork which catches in a neck of the thumb-screw; and furthermore, his plane-iron must be provided with a slot to admit the set-screw. ln our plane an ordinary plane-iron can be used, nothing being needed but a simple round hole to admit the set-screw, so that if the plane-iron is worn out it can be readily replaced.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The sliding cross-head C, provided with shoulders b, which bear against the inner surface of the plate B, said cross-head being made to receive the set-screw c and the thumb-screw E, which catches in a forked lug d, projecting from the inner surface of the fixed plate B, to operate in combination with the plane-iron D, as and for the purpose described.

G. D. SPOONER,
L. N. JOHNSON.

Witnesses:
W. G. VEAZEY,
E. J. HARTSHORN.

No. 67,671 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Russell Phillips) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”132″]67671

United States Patent Office.

RUSSELL PHILLIPS, OF GARDINER, MAINE, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND NATHAN WESTON.

Letters Patent No. 67,671, dated August 13, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, RUSSELL PHILLIPS, of Gardiner, in the county of Kennebec, and State of Maine, have invented a new and useful Improved Joiners’ Plough ; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others to make and use my invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 shows a side elevation of my invention.
Figure 2, a portion of the top of the horizontal arm, having the graduated scale.
Figure 3 is an end view of my invention, and a view of the top of the end and slides.
Figure 4, a view of a portion of the reverse side of fig. 1.
Figure 5, an edge view of the iron or cutter.
Figure 6, a portion of the adjustable guide or gauge.

Same letters show like parts.

My invention has relation to that tool employed by certain mechanics, joiners, &c., called a plough, and consists in certain improvements thereupon, which may be separately or conjointly used.

I will now describe in detail the different improvements combined in my invention. a shows the groove in which the iron or cutter is placed. It is there secured by means of the clamp b and slide c. Fig. 4 shows the manner in which the slide c is held in place, being by means of a slot and a lip, d, on the side opposite to the one shown in fig. 1. The lip d overlaps the edge of the slot, shown in fig. 4. e is a small projection, to rest against the end of the cutter, so that its edge shall not become dulled by striking or touching any part of the stock. The cutter is fully described hereafter. The cutter, being placed in the groove a, is secured as follows:

As illustrated in fig. 4, the slot in which the slide c moves is curved, so that when the slide is pressed downward, or toward the bottom of the plough, the clamp b is pressed upon the cutter; and when the slide is moved up, the clamp is released or loosened, and its pressure upon the cutter taken away. The clamp b swings on its pivot f. Place the cutter in the groove a, press the slide downward, thus forcing the clamp b upon the cutter, and the cutter is held in place. In this method there is this advantage: With the old form of fastening the cutter or iron, when the wedge that holds it is driven inward by the blow of the hammer or other implement the entrance of the wedge within the stock carries with it, somewhat, the cutter, so that when the cutter has once been adjusted as the mechanic desires, it is made to project further, by being carried inward with the wedge which holds it. Besides this inconvenience, it is difficult to adjust readily. With my invention, the cutter is placed in the desired position, so as to cut into the lumber the desired depth, and can then be immediately fastened by pressing the slide c downward. Moreover, as the clamp b does not slide at all, but simply pushes against the cutter, the cutter is not moved in the least from the desired position, but remains as placed by the user. g, fig. 5, shows the iron or cutter; this has a cutting edge at both ends. These two can be made of different sizes and widths, as seen in the drawing, so as to cut grooves or channels of different widths and sizes. It has a groove, h, to fit over the edge i, to aid in holding it securely. The end of the cutter not employed passes into the recess behind the projection e, and thus its edge is kept from injury till wanted. j is a thumb-piece, for convenience in placing the cutter in its place, and to strike upon with a hammer to move the cutter up or down slightly when it is held by the clamp b. k k are the cutting edges of the iron. l l l l show points projecting beyond the edges k k, which enable the iron to do its work not only with but also across the grain of the wood. These points are sharp, and cut the fibres of the wood before they are reached by the edges k, and thus prevent tearing or breaking out of the work. A shows the single horizontal arm employed in my invention, and upon which the guide or gauge B slides. Upon its top is a channel, with the graduated scale, so that the distance that the gauge is set from the cutter g can be accurately adjusted. Upon this there is no screw-thread, as upon the old form of plough, and, as before remarked, I use but a single arm. This admits of a much easier, more accurate, and readier arrangement for use. The gauge or guide B is made of metal, and has a portion, n, which turns on a hinge, and can be lifted up so as to leave the space o. The object of this will be hereafter described. p are slides, one on each side of the stock of the plough, near the forward end, moving in recesses, and held at any point by the thumb-screw q, which slides in the slot r, shown in fig. 1 by the dotted lines. These slides have at their bottoms the horizontal plates s, one on each side of the plate t. The combination of these devices forms a gauge by which the degree of the penetration of the cutter g into the wood can be governed. By loosening the thumb-screw q, the slides may be raised or lowered, as desired, on either side of t, (see fig. 3.) and, as seen in fig. 1, the cutter is intended to rest against the side of t, so that the depth of the groove to be cut can thus be exactly controlled, and measured by the graduated scale x on the end of the stock, (see fig. 3.) Most of the work to be done by this tool is near the edge of boards or other wood. In such a ease it might happen that the gauge or guide B could not be brought sufficiently near the plate t on account of the projection of the horizontal plates s. This I obviate by the arrangement shown in fig. 6, before described. When the trap an is lifted, as seen in the drawing, the gauge B can be brought quite close to t, one of the plates s entering the space o. In use, one hand of the mechanic rests upon the guide B, where a wooden handle is supplied. The handle upon the stock is seen at D, being placed at the end of the stock, and lower down than is ordinary, with the view that the force applied to the tool is all or nearly all exerted in a horizontal direction, which lessens the labor of using the plough, and makes it more effective. The handle is secured by the removable bolt u, so that if broken the handle can easily be taken off and another substituted. All the parts described, except the arm A, handle D, and a portion of the guide B, are made of metal, which makes the whole tool cheaper, less cumbersome, stronger, and more convenient. The clamp b being made of metal, quite smooth, and slightly rounded, enables the tool to clear itself quite readily of the shavings made in using it. The method of confining the gauge or guide B at any desired point is by the use of the thumb-screw m.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The reversible cutter shown in fig. 5, as and for the purposes specified.

2. The arrangement of the two slides p p, thumb-screw q, slot r, plates s s, graduated scale x, and plate t, as and for the purposes set forth.

RUSSELL PHILLIPS.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM HENRY CLIFFORD,
HENRY C. HOUSTON.

No. 67,157 – Improvement In Planes For Cutting Blind-Slats (James L. Bess And Adam Hagny) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”129″]67157

United States Patent Office.

JAMES L. BESS AND ADAM HAGNY, OF KEOKUK, IOWA.

Letters Patent No. 67,157, dated July 30, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES FOR CUTTING BLIND-SLATS.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that we, JAMES L. BESS and ADAM HAGNY, of Keokuk, in the county of Lee, and State of Iowa, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes for Cutting Blind-Slats; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the nature, construction, and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which are made a part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of our improved plane, showing the some in its operating position.

Figure 2 is an under side perspective view of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the two figures.

The subject of our invention is a hand-plane adapted to out two or more thin slats for window-shades, blinds, &c., at every stroke or movement, and at the same time dress or prepare the material for the operation.

The following description will enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to fully understand and use the same:

A A1 represent the body of the plane, which is formed with a guide-way or gauge groove, B, which embraces the edge of the plank from which the slats are out when the plane is in operation. The material or plank is clamped immovably, and the plane is driven over its edge by means of the handle A2, in the same manner as an ordinary smoothing-plane. C is a bit or cutter extending across the gauge-groove B, and this cutter, when the plane is in operation, cuts from the material or plank a strip of sufficient thickness to form the slats. A suitable throat, c, is formed between the bottom of the plane and the cutter C to make room for the slats as they are cut from the stuff. The sides of the plank are dressed by the knives D D, situated at either side of the groove B, and secured in position by keys D’ D’. Before reaching the cutter C that portion of the wood which is removed by each stroke of the plane is divided longitudinally by the pointed, perpendicular knives E E E’, and by this means two slats are produced by every effective movement of the plane. The outer knives E E are secured in position and made adjustable by the screws F F, which enter the plane from opposite directions, as shown in fig. 1, but for convenience, the central knife E’ is held and made adjustable by means of the key F’. The two parts of the plane A A1 are held together by means of the screws G G, which enable said parts to be adjusted from or toward each other, and thus vary the width of the gauge-groove according to the thickness of the material, or in order to vary the width of the slats. The cutter C passes through slots in tho sides of the plane, and is retained in proper working position by the jaws H H’, which are slotted and held to the opposite sides of the plane by the screws h h. By means of these jaws the knife C may be adjusted so as to cut slats of any desired thickness. The slotted end of the bit or cutter C is held to the jaw H’ by the screw h’, which admits of the lateral adjustment of the jaw upon the bit when the plane is increased or diminished in width by the screws G G.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what we claim as new herein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

The arrangement of the slitting cutters E E E’, edge-cutters D D, and riving-cutter C in a frame A A’, expansible by means of set-screws G’ G, all as herein described and for the purpose specified.

JAMES L. BESS,
ADAM HAGNY.

Witnesses:
DAVID G. LOWRY,
SAM. H. DILLON.

No. 65,604 – Improvement In Forming Projections On The Caps Of Plane-Irons (Napoleon B. Reynolds) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”128″]65604

United States Patent Office.

NAPOLEON B. REYNOLDS, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 65,604, dated December 18, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN FORMING PROJECTIONS ON THE CAPS OF PLANE-IRONS.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, NAPOLEON B. REYNOLDS, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvernents in the Manner of Making or Forming the Projection or Swell on the Cap of Plane-Irons, and which is used instead of a loose nut for holding the screw-bolt that secures the cap to the plane-iron; and that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the manner of doing the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure I represents at view from the back of the plane-iron, showing the slot therein and the bolt passing through it into the cap.

Figure 2 represents a cap with a hole punched through it for the reception of the button which afterwards forms the swell, projection, or nut for the screw-bolt to take into.

Figure 3 represents a section through the cap, and showing the countersinking of the hole that is to receive the button.

Figure 4 represents a section through the cap after the button or swell is fastened thereto.

Figures 5 and 6 show a top and edge view of one of the buttons before it is inserted in the hole in the cap.

Figure 6 shows the form of the swell, button, projection, or nut after it has been riveted in the hole in the cap.

Similar letters of reference, where they occur in the several separate figures, denote like parts in all the drawings.

I am aware that a swell or projection has been proposed on the cap of a plane-iron as a substitute for the ordinary loose nut heretofore used. I do not claim the swell or projection. My invention consists in the manner or means of producing this projection, which I do in a very cheap and very durable manner, without rolling down the metal or heat-welding it.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings.

At manufacturing establishments where boilers are made are to be found and procured at very cheap rates, and of the very finest quality of iron, any quantity of burrs or buttons that are punched out of the plates of which the boilers are made for rnaking rivet holes. These burrs or buttons can be procured at a rate but little above that of old iron, and are therefore very cheap, whilst they have the form, body, and flange or fin that peculiarly fits them for my purpose.

The cap A I propose to make of steel, and a hole, a, having been punched through, it is then countersunk or reamed out at each side of the plate or cap, as shown more distinctly in fig. 3. I then take one of the burrs or buttons 6 and insert it in the hole a in the cap. The fin or flange c which is on the burr or button, and left there by the punch that drove it out of the boiler-plate, fits into the countersink on one side of the hole, and the burr or button projects through and beyond the other face of the cap. In this position the cap and burr are placed under a drop-die, one blow of which rivets the button or burr in the hole, and it is afterwards dressed up to the proper shape or form for entering the slot in the plane-iron, and for preventing the cap from turning on the plane-iron, whilst it can move longitudinally of it. When the riveting on of the button is accomplished, as explained, the burr or button will have assumed the form shown at fig. 7, and also in fig. 4, and be as immovably fixed thereto as though it were a part of the same metal with the cap itself.

As a matter of economy I should always use the burrs or buttons made by punching boiler-plates, yet I would regard it as my invention if these burrs were especially punched out for the purpose herein named.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent in forming a swell or projection on the cap of a plane-iron, is —

The method of construction substantially as described.

N. B. REYNOLDS.

Witnesses:
I. W. QUICK,
T. R. HUSSY.

No. 64,790 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Nelson Palmer) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”126″]64790

United States Patent Office.

NELSON PALMER OF AUBURN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, SIDNEY W. PALMER, AND J. FOREMAN PALMER., OF SAME PLACE.

Letters Patent No. 64,790, dated May 14, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, NELSON PALMER, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention consists, first, in constructing an ordinary bench or other plane so that the throat or opening through which the bit projects shall be of variable size to suit the pitch of the bit and the nature of the work to be performed. In order to do this I make that part of the face of the plane in front of and bordering on the throat, adjustable or capable of being moved away from or toward the bit, according as it is desired to increase or diminish the distance between them. This arrangement is productive of important results, for the throat may be thereby so nearly closed as to cause the shaving-cut by the bit to be thrown up in an almost perpendicular direction, thus obviating the necessity of using, in connection with the bit, a cap, or, as it is sometimes called, “break-iron,” unless in exceptional cases, as, for instance, when the wood is very green and tough. In order to form a perfectly accurate bed for supporting the movable plate or section which regulates the size of the throat I resort to the expedient of running between it and the frame in which it is set, a backing of lead or other suitable material, which, when it hardens, will constitute an accurately-fitting bed supporting the plate at those points which determine its position in the face of the plane. I employ a similar expedient to form a perfect bed for the heel of the bit, as hereinafter described.

My invention farther consists in supporting the bit upon a movable bed, whose lower cud is pivoted or hinged to the frame or stock of the plane in rear of and close to the throat. The bed is capable of being depressed or elevated, its upper end moving in a circle, the centre of which is the point at which the bed is pivotcd to the stock. Its angle of inclination with respect to the throat may thus be varied at pleasure, and the bit which it supports may consequently be adjusted to any desired pitch.

Another feature of my invention is the construction and arrangement of the mechanisms for holding the bit in position on the bed, and for adjusting and maintaining it in and to its proper relations with the threat and face of the plane, i. e., for regulating its “cut” or the distance it shall project out from the throat, and for keeping or preserving its parallelism with the face of the plane. These various devices are all attached to and secured in the bed, and are actuated and operated in the manner hereinafter described.

My invention also consists in supporting the heel or lower part of the bit against a solid bed or backing of metal or other suitable material of suffiicient hardness, formed between it and the back of the throat. The object I have in view is to make a bearing or backing for the bit at the point where the strain mostly comes, when the plane is in use. By placing an accurately-fitting bed between the back of the throat and the heel I am enabled to accomplish this object. When the bit is secured in position on the movable bed, its lower end is pressed firmly and solidly against the backing, effectually checking and preventing any and all vibration ofthe bit, a defect to which ordinary planes are very liable, as is well known.

Lastly, my invention consists in the construction and arrangement of a detachable and independent cap or “break-iron” for turning or bending the shavings up out of the way, which may be secured to or removed from the bit with facility. It is further made adjustable by connecting the two pieces of which it is composed, by means of eccentrics, which may be operated by a lever or equivalent device, so as to adjust the blade or lower end of the cap in its proper position on the bit.

Having thus described the general features of my invention, I will now proceed to detail more particularly the manner in which it is or may be carried into effect by reference to the drawings, in which —

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of a plane constructed in accordance with my invention;

Figure 2 is a plan view of the same.

Figure 3 is a like view with the cap and bit removed so as to show the construction and arrangement of the tilting or movable bed.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of a plane in which a modification of my invention is shown; and

Figures 5, 6, and T are views of detached parts.

The mechanism for increasing and lessening the size of the throat consists of a movable and adjustable plate, C, which is placed in the front part of the plane, so as to be flush with and form part of the face. It is supported and held in proper position to the face of the plane by a backing or accurately-fitted bed of suitable material formed between it and the stock, as above explained. Just in rear of it is the slot or opening which constitutes the throat of the plane. The plate is capable of sliding longitudinally in the stock, its motion being limited and controlled by at stem, c, attached to its upper side, which extends up through at slot, g, formed in the top of the frame A. Upon the stem c is cut a screw-thread, so that it may engage with the hollow shank b: of the knob I, which is screwed down upon that part of the stem e projecting above the surface of the stock. It will be seen that the plate may thus be moved so as to close or open the throat, being held in any desired position by the shank b, which, when the plate is properly adjusted in relation to the hit, is screwed down tightly ever the male stem c, and maintains the whole device firmly in position. The plate is let into the stock, which thus forms in frame in which it is set so as to be flush with the surrounding face of the plane. The plane itself is what is known as a metallic plane, its stock or frame being cast iron. The movable or tilting bed G, which supports the bit, is pivoted or hinged at its lower end to the cast-iron stock a little in rear of the throat. Its pivotal points y’ constitute the axis upon which it is moved for the adjustment of the bit to its proper pitch.

As shown in the drawings, it consists of at skeleton frame which carries the mechanism for adjusting the bit, both as to the extent to which its cutting edge shall project from the throat, and as to its lateral inclination in order to maintain the parallelism of its edge with the face of the plane, and also for regulating its pitch and locking or fastening it in place. These different mechanisms I will now proceed to describe in detail:

First. The devices for adjusting the “cut” of the bit or its verticlal adjustment. The skeleton-frame G contains in its upper part an interior circular frame, G’, which is recessed so as to receive a, rotary disk, K. This disk is of somewhat less size than the recess, and has a groove formed in its periphery. The space between it and the annular frame G’ is filled with an anti-friction metal x, which enters the groove formed in the disk, and thus holds it in position, being itself retained in place by the V shape given the interior surface of the surrounding frame G’. Other methods, however, of holding the rotary disk K in its annular frame will readily suggest themselves, and nmy be used with perhaps equally good effect. The disk carries an eccentric-pin, y, to which is attached a plate, L, which extends downward some distance on the front of the bed, and has a. projecting tooth, i, formed on its face and, near its lower end. The tooth engages with an rack, h, attached to or formed on the under side of the bit B, and by this means, whatever movement is given the plate L, by reason of its eccentric connection with the rotary disk, is imparted to the bit. The toothed plate slides between guides m, which prevent it from moving in other than a longitudinal direction.

This mechanism operates in the following manner: When the bit B is in position on the bed G, and it is desired to adjust its cutting edge so that it shall project more or less from the face of the plane, the disk K is rotated by means of a lever-arm, E, rigidly connected therewith. This rotation of the disk causes, of course, a change in the position of the eccentric-pin y, which is raised or lowered according as the lever E is moved to the right or left. The movement of the pin y is communicated to its plate L, which is raised or lowered in a corresponding degree. The bit B is made to follow the motion of the toothed plate by means of the tooth i, which engages with the rack h, and draws with it the bit as it is moved up and down. Therefore, by simply moving the lever E or other equivalent device for rotating the disk, the bit may be set or adjusted vertically with great ease, and with perfect accuracy and nicety.

Second. The mechanism for adjusting the cutting edge of the bit, so as to maintain its parallelism with the face of the plane. About midway between the two ends of the bed G is it transverse sliding bar, D. This bar extends across the bed, in which are formed recesses or guides to receive it. It is capable of a sliding motion transverse to the length of the bed, and is held in place by the lower and smaller end m’ of the plate L which laps over and holds it against the bed. The end m’ lies between two jaws l l projecting from the face of the sliding bar, the distance between which is sufiicient to prevent their interference with the arm or plate L, when the bar D is moved to and fro. The jaws, when the bit is in place, embrace or grasp the rack h and draw it, and consequently the bit with them, when the bar to which they are attached slides in one direction or the other. In order to accommodate itself to this movement the bit is made capable of at little play between the sides of the stock, so that when its upper part is moved in either direction the lower end will be tilted or laterally inclined in a corresponding degree, and thus throw forward one side or the other of the cutting edge, as desired.

The transverse motion is given to the sliding ber D by providing it with at short arm or spur f, which extends back from the bar in such manner as to fit in a spiral or cam-groove, p, formed in the face of a shaft, k, which is supported in suitable bearings on the under side of the bed G. Upon one of the ends of this shaft a lever-arm, S, is secured by means of which the shaft may be rocked or rotated. When the lever S is moved up or down it will induce the rotation of the shaft, which in turn will, through the medium of the cam groove p and spur f, cause the bar D to slide from right to left, or vice versa, according as it is desired to advance one end or the other of the cutting edge of the bit. By this means the edge may be always kept parallel with the face of the plane, being adjusted to and in such position with the greatest accuracy and precision.

The bit and bed are locked or bound together and held in proper operative position by means of a toggle-jointed lever, H N. The lever N, which is nearest the bed, is forked at one end, fitting on the respective journals of the cam-shaft k. The other arm, II, of the lever terminates in a point, which fits in a corresponding cup or depression formed in the heed of a thumb-screw, P, which is secured to the handle of the plane so as to face the bed. A lever-handle, e, which extends upward from the arm H, is the means by which the lever is operated, and the joint either bent or straightened, as required. When the bit is placed on the bed, and it is desired to secure them in place, the lower end of the arm H is placed in the depression in the head of the thumb-screw P.

The lever e is then pressed forward, which causes the straightening of the toggle-joint, the other arm N of the lever forcing the bed and superincumbent bit up against pins a a, secured at the proper height in the sides of the stock. The bit and bed are thus held firmly between the straightened lever and the pins, which prevent their further motion in either direction. When the bit is to be removed, the toggle-joint must of course be bent by pressing back the lever e, after which the bed can be drawn down far enough to allow the bit to be withdrawn.

If, however, it is only desired to adjust the edge of the bit properly to the face of the plane, the bit need not be loosened. It may still be moved under the pins a a, which bind it down to the bed to a limited degree, by means of the levers S and E, which regulate its position with regard to the throat and face of the plane, as above explained. The pins a can be placed at any height in the stock to give the required pitch to the bit, and the thumb-screw P can be screwed in or out to adjust the bearing of the toggle-jointed lever. If a very steep pitch be required for the bit, as in a veneering or like plane, the lever H can be reversed so that its longer arm H’ may take its place and support the bed in a more elevated position.

To give an additional support to the heel of the bit I place between it and the rear of the throat a stationary bed, d, forming a, solid backing, against which the heel bears firmly, thus preventing the vibration of the bit when the plane is used. It is important that this backing should accurately fit the bit, and I have found that the best method of accomplishing this is to run between the heel and the back of the throat molten lead or other suitable metal, or any plastic material that will harden, so as to form at sufliciently firm and solid bearing for the heel of the bit.

In connection with the bit and bed thus constructed and arranged, I use it cap or “break-iron,” which is not attached to the bit, and which can be removed from or adjusted to the mouth of the plane with great facility. The cap is composed of two section or pieces F F’, as shown in the drawings. They are so placed in relation to each other that their contiguous edges overlap. The upper piece F’ is recessed so as to receive the projecting arm o of the lower section F. A rod or disk which binds the two parts of the cap together is inserted through the arm o, its other end being supported in a bracket or pending arm extending from the upper part of the piece F’. The two ends u v of this cylindrical disk are eccentric with respect to each other, and the disk itself, like the disk K above mentioned, is capable of being rotated by at lever, r, which projects through at segmental slot, s, in the upper piece F’. By means of this eccentric connection between the two plates F F’ I am enabled to move them toward or away from each other, as desired. The lower plate F has secured to it the blade or “break-iron” proper, M, which is held by screws w fitting in slots w’ formed in the lower portion of the piece F. The length ofthe blade M may thus be regulated. The cap, as will be seen by reference to the drawings, is placed on top of the bit. It is held in its proper relations to the edge of the bit and to the throat by means of a set-screw, t, in its upper end, which when screwed down will force the cap up until it meets the pins n, which like the pins a project from the side of the stock, and also fit in recesses formed in the upper plate F’ for their reception. The esp can thus be held firmly in place. Its accurate adjustment to the bit is effected through the medium ofthe lever r, which when moved will cause the lower part F of the cap to slide up or down, as it is required to increase or lessen the distance between its edge and the edge of the bit. As before said, by means of the movable plate C I am enabled to dispense with the use of a cap, unless when the wood is very green and tough; and for this reason, in feet, the cap is made so as to be easily attached to or removed from the plane.

My invention is capable of being modified in many particulars, as shown in fig. 4; for instance, where the movable bed G, unprovided in this case with the various mechanisms which I have just described, is supported and held in place by curved and slotted arms A’ A’, which overlap each other, one attached to the stock, the other to the bed, and both being held together by a set-screw passing through the slots, which, when loosened, allows the pitch of the bed to be adjusted, and when tightened holds the two arms together in my desired position. The bit may be either pressed against the bed by pins a a and levers, as shown in fig. 1, or it may be held in place by a set-screw, or by other suitable means. The defferent mechanisms which I have described may also be varied in memy respects without departing from the principle of my invention.

Having therefore described my invention, and the manner in which it is or may be carried into effect, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with the movable section or plate for adjusting the size of the throat, of a recessed bed and frame formed in the plane-stock in front of the bit, and parallel to the face of the plane, so as to enclose the said section on three sides and form the ways in which it slides for purposes of adjustment, substantially as shown and set forth.

2. The bed for supporting the heel of the bit, formed of lead or other suitable plastic material, as specified, run between the said heel and the back of the throat, so as to form an accurately-fitting and solid bed for bit close to its cutting edge, substantially as herein set forth.

3. The method of and means herein described for adjusting the bit longitudinally, so that it shall project more or less from the face of the plane, that is to say, connecting the bit with an eccentric mounted in the bed of the bit, the eccentric being operated substantially as herein shown and set forth.

4. I claim the mechanism for maintaining the parallelism of the edge of the bit with the face of the plane, the same consisting of the combination, with the bit and bed in which it is supported, of a bar capable of sliding laterally in the bed, as described, and connected with the bit under such an arrangement that it shall cause the edge of the bit to be tilted or inclined toward one side or the other, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of the transverse sliding bar, provided with jaws and projecting arm or spur, as described, with a cam or spiral grooved shaft and actuating lever or equivalent means, substantially as herein shown and set forth.

6. The combination, with the tilting or movable bed and bit which it supports, of the toggle-jointed and reversible lever, and holding-pins in the sides of the stock, substantially as herein shown and described.

7. The combination, with the movable bed and toggle-jointed lever, of an adjustable bearing for the said lever, substantially as set forth and described.

8. I claim the adjustable cap herein described, the some consisting of an upper and a lower plate or section connected by an eccentric rod or disk, whereby the lower section may be adjusted in its proper relation to the cutting edge of the bit, substantially as shown and set forth.

9. I claim the combination, with the movable section for adjusting the size of the throat, of the knob for securing the same under the arrangement herein described, so that the said knob shall not only serve to adjust and hold the said section in place, but shall also be a handle for guiding the movement of the plane, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.

NELSON PALMER.

Witnesses :
HORACE T. COOK,
J. J. SHEPHERD.