Tag: 1849

No. 6,459 – Bench Plane (Charles S. Beardsley) (1849)

[paiddownloads id=”3″]6459

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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C. S. BEARDSLEY, OF AUBURN, AND S. WOOD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BENCH PLANE.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 6,459, dated May 22,1849.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES S. BEARDSLEY, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga, and SIMEON WOOD, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Hand and Bench Planes, and that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the principle or character which distinguishes them from all other things before known, and of the manner of making, constructing, and using the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a hand plane on our improved plan; Fig. 2, a longi-tudinal vertical section; and Fig. 3, a cross section.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

In the hand plane as heretofore and now universally used the entire surface is on the same level, and the bit or cutting edge projects beyond it to the extent of the thickness of the shaving intended to be cut, the consequence of this is that the forward part of the surface of the plane can rest on the surface of the board forward of the shaving for that constitutes the gage to determine the thickness of shaving to be cut; but back of the cutting edge the surface of the board is reduced below the level of the forward part to the extent of the thickness of the shaving cut while the surface of the plane back of the cutting edge is on the same level with the forward part, and therefore if the back part of the plane be borne down it must be depressed and only rest on the planed surface at the back edge instead of along its entire length. The rear part, which runs on the planed surface, should be the guide to direct the plane, and for this purpose should have its whole surface running on the board and the forward part should only act as a gage and should therefore be on a higher level; but with the construction of the common plane this is not possible for the reasons mentioned.

The object of our invention is to avoid the defect of the common plane, and to this end the nature of the iirst part of our invention consists in making the surface of the plane from the cutting edge back on a level with the cutting edge, and the surface forward of the cutting edge parallel with the rear part, but movable and adjustable that it may be set so much above the level of the rear part as to determine the thickness of the shaving to be cut and constitute a gage for this purpose, and thus permit the entire surface of the plane back of the cutting edge to rest and run on the planed surface while the forward part or gage runs on the part from which the shaving has not been cut. And our invention also consists in making one surface of the planing bit or cutter the rear part of the surface of the plane, when this is combined with the making of the rear part of the stock, from the throat of the plane to the back, hollow for the passage and discharge of the shavings.

In the accompanying drawings (a) represents the stock of the plane which is made of iron and hollow. It is provided at top with a handle (b) in the usual manner, and the forward part is provided with these screws (c, c) and (d), the two (c, c) are tapped into a projection (e) of a gage plate (f) so that by the turning of these screws the gage plate will be elevated, and the other screw (d) is tapped into the stock and its end bears on the top of the projection (e)
for the purpose of forcing it down. In this way the gage plate can be regulated and set with accuracy. The side edges of the gage plate are adapted to slide freely and accurately within the hollow stock, and the rear edge which should be made at right angles with the sides of the stock, is so formed as to constitute, when in place, the continuation of a partition plate or flanch (g) which connects the two sides of the stock, and the rear face of this partition or flanch is inclined back toward the rear of the stock and gradually looses itself in the top plate of the stock which then runs horizontally to the back end. This forms what takes the place of the forward face of the throat of the ordinary plane.

The sides (h, h) of the hollow stock, inside and near the lower edge are grooved to receive the plane bit or cutter (i) which is a flat plate of metal, with the lower face perfectly true and parallel with the face of the gage plate while its upper face is parallel with the under face except at the forward end (j) where it is beveled down to form the cutting edge. This bit or cutter is thus inserted by sliding it in the grooves of the stock until the cutting edge is brought so near the rear edge of the gage plate as to form the throat of the plane for the passage of the shavings. In this way the throat is formed by the rear edge of the gage plate the flanch and the bevel of the bit or cutter, and the continuation of this throat for the delivery of the shavings at the rear is formed by the hollow stock. The lower edges of the sides of the stock should be chamfered off slightly in an upward direction at the sides of the cutting end of the bit, and then run to the forward end so much above the level of the face of the plane as to be above the greatest height to which the gage plate may be set for the greatest thickness of shaving. The under face of the gage plate should be parallel with the face of the plane back of the cutting edge but this is not indispensable. The planing bit may be inserted in the stock in any other manner as this does not constitute an essential part of our invention, and so of the gage plate it may be connected with the stock in any other desired manner, as for instance, it may be provided with projections at the sides fitted to slide in inclined grooves in the cheeks of the stock, and provided with a set screw to move toward or from the cutting edge of the bit, the inclination of the grooves having the effect to depress or elevate it while at the same time it reduces or increases the size of the throat.

The first part of our invention may be applied without the second by making the surface back of the cutting edge a part of the stock and inserting a separate bit, which may be done either by making a mortise through the sides or cheeks of the stock, or by inserting the bit and making the throat in the usual manner.

It will be obvious to those acquainted with the art of making and using planes that our improvements are applicabie to all kinds of hand planes for plain and ornamental work, the same construction and arrangement being applicable to all varieties, and the variations required being simply in the form.

We claim:

Constructing and applying the bit or cutter, substantially as described, that its lower surface may constitute that part of the surface of the plane back of the cutting edge, in combination with the hollow stock for the passage and delivery of shavings, substantially as described.

CHARLES S. BEARDSLEY.
SIMEON WOOD.

Witnesses:
A. P. BROWN, Sr.,
A. E. PETERS.

No. 6,304 – Plane For Bevel Edges (William H. Blye) (1849)

[paiddownloads id=”2″]6304

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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WILLIAM H. BLYE, OF DE RUYTER, NEW YORK.

PLANE FOR BEVEL EDGES.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 6,304, dated April 10, 1849

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. BLYE, of De Ruyter, in the county of Madison and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes for Working in Wood, of which the following is a full and exact description, reference being had to the annexed drawings of the same, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view, Fig. 2. is an end elevation, and Fig. 3 is a view of the graduating arm or brace, and the guard plate, which secures the same to the end of the plane stock.

The same letters refer to the same parts in all the figures.

The nature of my invention, and improvement consists, in attaching an adjustable hinged guard or fence, to rabbet, fillister, molding, or other planes, by means of which the workman is enabled to bevel the edges of a piece of wood, in a uniform manner, and at any given angle.

In the accompanying drawings (a) represents the plane-stock which is made of wood, and of any required form and size.

(b) is the plane iron, (c) the wedge, which holds the iron in its place, (d) the guard or fence, is of the same length as the stock, and has one plane side which is about the same width as the face of the plane. From its uipper edge a rib (d2) is placed, for the purpose of stiffening the guard, and supporting the outer end of the braces, the outer, and under side of the rib and the lower edge, and back of the guard, may be ornamented with moldings, as represented, or otherwise, or may be left plain, according to the taste of the constructor: this guard is joined to the stock by hinges (e, e) which allow it to turn through an arc of about 100°, which admits of sufficient variation for most purposes, but in any case where greater variation, in the adjustment may become necessary, the hinges, and other parts concerned, can be so constructed, and arranged, as to allow the guard to turn through a longer arc. The braces (g) are of metal, and in the form of segments of a flat ring whose center is the axis of the hinge, the outer end of these braces have slots in them, through which the thumb screvv (h passes into the ends of the guard, to clamp it to the brace, these slots, also admit of the guard being turned to any extent within the limits of their length, to change the angle at which it stands to the face of the plane, and when the slots are too short, to admit of all the variation required, the ends of the braces are drawn out of the hole, formed in the end of the plate (i) and in the wood under the plate, and when placed in the proper position they are clamped firmly by the thumb screws (k k). Graduated scales of degrees may be formed upon the braces to denote the angle at which the guard may be placed.

The several parts of the plane above described may be made of wood, or metal, and arranged in a great variety of ways, without departing from the principle. of the invention, but these several modes, consist of devices well known to mechanics, and I therefore deem it unnecessary here to describe them.

The operation of this plane, is similar to that of others, the guard being adjusted to the required angle, is placed against the side of the piece, and held there firmly while the face of the plane is applied to the edge of the piece of wood, being pressed down upon it and at the same time pushed forward, the edge of the iron penetrates the wood to the depth which it projects through the face of the plane, and removes a shaving of that thickness — this operation is repeated until the piece is reduced to the required form.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,

The manner herein described of planing the edges of pieces of wood of a beveled form at given uniform or varying angles, by means of an adjustable guard hinged to the plane stock.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

WILLIAM H. BLYE.

Witnesses :
Z. T. BENTLEY,
A. V. BENTLEY.

No. 6,226 – Plane Iron Adjustment (Emanuel W. Carpenter) (1849)

[paiddownloads id=”1″]6226

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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E. W. CARPENTER, OF LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA.

ADJUSTING THE POSITION OF PLANE-IRONS AND REGULATING THE THROATS OF PLANES.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 6,226, dated March 27, 1849.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMANUEL W. CARPENTER, of Lancaster city, in the county of Lancaster and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new Improvement in the Regulation of the Mouths in Planes so as to Enlarge or Diminish the Same and for the Preservation of a Close Mouth in Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification.

The object contemplated by my improvement, is the regulation of the mouth in planes, so as to enlarge or diminish the same; and for the preservation of a close mouth in planes.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation, as follows, viz.:

A is a bench plane with the improvement.
B represents the wedge or key, with a. longitudinal aperture, over which is a scutcheon, inlaid with a similar aperture but not so wide, leaving room for the head of the screw to rest upon, (or by a washer or plate, as shown in the key in the double bit) for the purpose of fastening the key to the upper part of the bed of the plane, under the bit, by means of which the mouth of the plane can with ease be tightened by gently driving the key downward, or with equal ease enlarged, by drawing back the same.

The improvement is applicable to all kinds of planes.

The wedge or key in the double-bit plane is similar to that in the single-bit, with the exception of the opening left below the longitudinal aperture to receive the head of the screw that fastens the cap to the bit. A washer or plate is here used instead of the scutcheon as in the single-bit, to show its application, but the scutcheon is equally applicable.

C, is the molding plane, with the improvement. The wedge or key in the molding plane, is shaped like the bit, but the key part somewhat longer, and tapered down to the face of the plane; the bed of which, is out to suit the bevel or shape of the key B. The screw is here inserted at the upper side of the plane, to keep the key B, permanent while setting the bit.

What as I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

The regulation of the mouth in planes, so as to enlarge or diminish the same, and for the preservation of a close mouth in planes, as herein described, by a wedge or key (B)
being placed under the bit, and fastened by a screw.

E.W. CARPENTER.

Witnesses:
W. WHITESIDE,
P. DONNELLY.