Tag: Pennsylvania

No. 946,178 – Combination Woodworking-Plane (Mardonious L. Carter) (1909)

[paiddownloads id=”667″]946178

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MARDONIOUS L. CARTER, OF GLASSPORT, PENNSYLVANIA.

COMBINATION WOODWORKING-PLANE.

_________________

946,178. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 14, 1909.
Application filed February 13, 1909. Serial No. 477,535.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARDONIOUS L. CARTER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Glassport, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combination Woodworking-Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to an improved combination wood-working plane for carpenters’ use, and it comprises a plane proper carrying the bits which in itself forms what is known in the art as a “smoothing plane” a detachable rear extension and means for securing the same which when in position converts said smoothing plane into a “jack plane” or one of greater length and by a further addition of a forward extension in addition to that of the rear the plane answers the purpose of a “fore plane”, and the invention further consists in the certain details of construction of parts as will be fully described hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings:– Figure 1, is a central side sectional elevation of my improved combination plane showing the same converted into a fore-plane, the same being constructed and arranged in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a similar view partly in elevation, showing the implement converted into at smoothing plane, the rear and forward extensions being adjusted and secured above the level of the base of same. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the converted fore plane, as shown at Fig. 1. Fig. 4; is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 5 is a cross section, taken on the line x x of Fig. 1.

To put my invention into practice and thereby construct a convertible hand plane for carpenters’ and joiners’ use and provide a combination of these planes in one, I form from cast metal a middle section which comprises a flat base 1, upwardly projecting sides 3, extending the entire length of said base, a cross portion 4 located above the throat 5 and an inclined integral rest 6 upon which the bits 7 are held by means of a plate 3 and screw 9 and rigidly secured by a thumb screw 10 operating in connection with a pivoted dog 11.

The above described construction differs but slightly from an ordinary smoothing plane such as are now in common use.

The base 1 of the middle section is rabbeted or reduced to one-half its thickness both at its forward and rear ends 2, and two threaded openings 17′–29′ formed through the base, and suitably located openings in the two side flanges 3 for the reception thumb screws 20 and 32 for the purpose securing the front and rear extensions, as will be fully described hereinafter.

The rear extension of the plane consists of a flat base 27 having side flanges 31, a rabbeted or reduced forward end 28 to register with and engage with the reduced rear end of the plane proper. Formed with this base 27 are parallel arranged dovetailed slides 36, which extend in the direction of its length and are adapted to contain a sliding dovetailed strip 35, in such manner that said strip may move freely therein. This strip 35 is secured rigidly in a certain position by means of thumb screws 29–30, engaging with the threaded opening 29′ in the base 1 of the plane proper and with a similar opening 30′ formed in the base of the extension, as will be best seen by reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings. This rearward extension is further secured and made more rigid with the plane proper by means of thumb screws 32 passing through the side flanges 3 and engaging with threaded openings formed in the flanges 31 of said extension (see Figs. 3 and 5) this making a permanent and rigid connection between the parts. The movable dovetailed member 35 carries an ordinary handle 33, such as are used on all wood planes said handle being attached by a screw 34 at the forward end and by another passing down through the same.

At the rear end of the base 27 of the rear extension is a threaded opening 30, and like openings 35′ are formed in the side flanges of the same, by means of which together with the thumb screws 32, this said extension may be adjusted to the position shown at Fig. 2 of the drawings, having first released the screws 29–30, moved the sliding member 35 back until the thumb screw 29 may engage with the forward threaded opening of the base 27 at which time the side screws 32 are adjusted to make a rigid connection of the parts. This backward movement of the sliding member 35 will bring the handle 33 and adjust the other parts to form the smoothing plane, the whole having been moved forward and on the top of the base 1 of the plane proper, and when in this position the forward extremity of the guides 36 will project beneath an offset 26 formed beneath the inclined bit rest 6′ and prevent any lateral or vertical movement of the extension.

The forward end of the plane proper is also fitted with an adjustable extension, the same consisting of a base 12, rabbeted to register with the front rabbet of the base 1, side flanges 14, parallel dovetailed guides 24 in which a corresponding movable member 23 operates in the direction of its length. This forward extension is secured in line with the plane proper by means of two thumb screws 17 and 18, together with side screws 20 in the same manner as that of the previously described rear extension. The sliding member 23 carries a knob or hand hold 16, common to planes of this class and when the said extension is in position to form a fore plane (as at Fig. 1) said sliding member is projected into a slot 25 formed at the base of the partition 41, and the extension held rigid with the plane proper by thumb screws 17 and 18, engaging the base of said extension and with the base of the plane proper. In addition to these two securing screws 17–18, side screws 20 are used which pass through the fianges of the two members, as will be seen by reference to Figs. 1 and 4.

To adjust the forward extension when the implement is to be used as a smoothing or jack plane the two screws 17–18 are released, the sliding member 23 moved back and the one screw 18 engaged with the threaded opening 19 and the extension more to a position on the top of the base 1 of the plane proper, the rear end of the sliding member 23 entering a pocket 22 formed in the partition at and the rear end of the base resting upon strips 25′ (see Fig. 2). The extension is now secured in this position by the side clamping screws 20.

By placing the front and rear extensions in position as at Fig. 1, a fore plane is formed, the handle 33 being first adjusted to the proper position.

To form a jack plane it is only necessary to adjust the forward extension to the position shown at Fig. 2, leaving the rear extension adjusted as shown at Fig. 1, and in order to convert the implement into a smoothing plane the front and rear extensions occupy a position as shown at Fig. 2.

The advantages of a convertible plane construction, as described are many, as is obvious among which are cheapness, as it takes the place of the three ordinary smoothing planes required for all ordinary carpenters’
practice, and it may be adjusted to occupy the minimum of space in a carpenter’s tool chest.

Various slight modifications and changes may be made in the details of construction without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, I do not wish to confine myself to the construction, shown and described, but wish to claim all such modified forms as would come properly within the general scope of the invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:–

1. A bench plane, comprising a. plane proper, an extension therefor, means for attaching the extension with its sole in line with the plane sole, or with the sole in contact with the inner sides of the main sole plate, and a handle adjustable along the extension.

2. A bench plane, comprising a plane proper, a rearward extension therefor, means for attaching the extension with its sole in line with the plane sole, or with its sole in contact with the inner side of the main sole plate, and a handle adjustable along the extension, in combination with a forward extension, an adjustable knob carried by said extension, and means for locking said adjustable knob and extension to the plane proper.

In testiniony whereof, I affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

MARDONIOUS L. CARTER.

Witnesses:
W. G. WALTER,
ARTHUR V. McKEE.

No. 820,215 – Plane (John D. Leffel) (1906)

[paiddownloads id=”631″]820215

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN D. LEFFEL, OF JOHNSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA.

PLANE.

_________________

820,215. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented May 8, 1906.
Application filed September 17, 1904. Serial No. 224,842.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN D. LEFFEL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Johnstown, in the county of Cambria and State of Pennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes designed especially for cutting out the back of molding to be used in constructing window and door casings, and has for its objects to produce a simple inexpensive device of this character in which the plane in making the first or initial cut in the back of the molding will be accurately guided longitudinally of the latter, to thereby prevent destroying the bearing edge of the molding.

To these ends the invention comprises the novel features of construction and combination of parts more fully hereinafter described.

ln the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a front view of the same, partly in section, illustrating the device in operation, the section being taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail section of the guiding member, showing the same in active position. Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the member in normal inactive position.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates the body of the plane, having its lower bearing face or sole slightly curved transversely and provided with uprising side walls or flanges 2, upon one of which is fixed a tubular barrel or sleeve 3, adapted to receive a vertically-movable member or plunger 4, carrying at its lower end a guide plate or head 5, the inner vertical face of which travels smoothly over the outer face of the adjacent side flange 2. The plunger-rod or member 4, which is provided at its upper end with a head 6, is adapted to be pressed downward for maintaining the guide member 5 in active position by means of a spring 7, arranged within the barrel 3 and coiled upon the rod 4 between fixed collars or abutments 3′ 4′ , provided on the barrel and rod, respectively, and forming terminal bearings for the spring, whereby the latter in expanding will move the guide-head into action. The rod 4 further has a laterally-projecting stud or stop 8, adapted normally to engage the upper edge of the barrel 3 for maintaining the guide in normal elevated position, the stud being designed to travel in a vertical opening or slot 9, formed through the wall of the barrel when it is desired to depress the plunger for moving the guide to active position.

The plane is provided with the usual handle 10 and with a cutting-blade 11, the lower active edge of which is convexedly curved transversely, as shown in Fig. 2, whereby the plane in operation will form in the rear face of the molding shallow troughs or channels 12 for the usual purpose of reducing the contacting surface of the molding when employed in the construction of window and door frames.

In practice when the plane is initially brought into operation the plunger 4 is rotated until the pin 8 comes into register with slot 9, whereupon the spring 7 will act for automatically moving the plunger downward and projecting the guide member 5 below the plane of the lower face of the tool, as illustrated in Fig. 2, whereby during travel of the plane longitudinal of the molding the member 5 will bear upon the outer marginal edge of the latter, and thereby guide the plane in its movements and at the same time prevent the plane slipping and destroying the narrow bearing-face formed adjacent to the longitudinal edge of the molding. After formation of the first channel 12 adjacent the edge of the molding the plunger may, by grasping the head 6, be raised to bring the guard 5 to normal position, with its lower edge flush with that of the plane, and may be fixed in this position by a slight rotation of the plunger for moving the pin out of register with slot 9, as heretofore explained.

From the foregoing it is apparent that I produce a simple device admirably adapted for the attainment of the ends in view, it being understood that minor changes in the details herein set forth may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is —

1. The combination with a plane, of a tubular sleeve carried thereb and slotted longitudinally, a longitudinally-movable plunger mounted in the sleeve, a guide member carried by the plunger, a stud provided on the latter and adapted to engage the end edge of the sleeve for maintaining the plunger in normal retracted position, and a spring acting upon and to project the plunger for moving the guide member to active position, the stud being adapted during such movement of the plunger to travel in the slot.

2. The combination with a plane, of a guide member operatively connected therewith and adapted to normally lie in a plane above and to be projected below the sole of the plane for and to bear upon the side of a body for guiding the plane in its movements thereover, means for moving the guide member to active position, and means for locking the member in inactive position.

3. The combination with a plane, of a guide member operatively connected therewith and adapted to be projected below the sole of the plane in position to bear upon the side of the body for guiding the plane in its movement thereover, a spring for automatically moving the member to active projected position, and means for locking the member in normal, inactive position in a plane above the sole of the plane.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN D. LEFFEL.

Witnesses:
J. S. WILMOT,
HERMAN OTT.

No. 682,958 – Plane (Thomas M. Seeds, Jr., And Martin Frings) (1901)

[paiddownloads id=”557″]682958

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS M. SEEDS, JR., AND MARTIN FRINGS,
OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 682,958, dated September 17, 1901.
Application filed April 12, 1901. Serial No. 55,511. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, THOMAS M. SEEDS, Jr., and MARTIN FRINGS, citizens of the United States, and residents of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and Improved Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to a plane adapted particularly for smoothing floors, but applicable for use in connection with all plane surfaces.

The invention comprises certain peculiar features of construction by which the plane is carried on a wheeled frame and pushed over the floor through the medium of a long handle, thus enabling the operator to stand upright at his work.

This specification is a specific description of one form of the invention, while the claims are definitions of the actual scope thereof.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-section thereof; and Fig. 3 is a detail view of one of the dogs, which will be hereinafter described.

a indicates the frame or carriage of the device. This frame is formed with cavities a’
therein, in which are located wheels b, these wheels supporting the frame, andthe cavities a’ being closed at the top to prevent shavings from entering the cavities and clogging the wheels. The frame a has an elastic bead or buffer a2 run around it to prevent marring the woodwork of the building, and at the front portion of the frame is arranged a brush a3, which is adapted to sweep away the dust and other gritty substances prior to the engagement of the blade with the wood.

c indicates the handle, which has a fork at its lower end pivotally connected with the frame a, the handle extending upward within convenient reach of the user, so that the plane may be pushed along much after the manner of the well-known hand lawn-mower.

d indicates a block which is set loosely within the frame a. This block is provided with pins e, which are fastened rigidly thereto and which are projected upward through cross-bars f The cross- bars fare secured rigidly to the frame a by latches f’, which are removably engaged in keepers f2, secured to the frame. Springs e’ bear between the cross-bars f and the block cl and serve to push the block downward. This block cl carries a blade g, which blade is held in the block by a wedge lt. The block d is suitably orificed, as indicated at d’, to receive the blade g and wedge h, so that as the device is moved along the floor the blade in engaging therewith will cut the shavings and throw them into and through the orifice in the block.

The apparatus is adapted to be pushed along on its wheels in the direction desired, and its operation in other respects is very much the same as the usual hand-plane. The block d bears on the ground, and the springs e’ serve to hold the block down, with the blade g properly engaged with the floor. The brush a3 prevents gritty substances from encountering the blade. By manipulating the latches f’ the cross-bars f may be removed from the frame and the block d, with its attached parts, taken out.

Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. A planer, comprising a wheeled frame, a block movably mounted thereon, means pressing the block downward and a planing-blade held by the block.

2. A planer, comprising a wheeled frame, a block set loosely therein, a spring pressing the block downward, and a planing -blade held by the block.

3. A plane, comprising a wheeled frame, a block mounted loosely therein, a planing-blade held by the block, a cross-bar engaged with the frame, a latch for removably holding the cross-bar in place, and a spring bearing between the cross-bar and block to press the block downward.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

THOMAS M. SEEDS, JR.
MARTIN FRINGS.

Witnesses:
NORMAN H. STEVENS,
W. L. STEVENS.

No. 644,191 – Carpenter’s Plane (Abraham W. Stauffer) (1900)

[paiddownloads id=”544″]644191

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ABRAHAM W. STAUFFER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 644,191, dated February 27, 1900.
Application filed May 6, 1899. Serial No. 715,818. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM W. STAUFFER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a new and useful improvement in carpenters’ planes, and has for its object to provide a simple and effective means for adjusting the blade of the plane either up and down or sidewise and for clamping and holding the blade firmly in position.

With these ends in view this invention consists in the details of construction and combination of elements hereinafter set forth and then specifically designated by the claims.

In order that those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains may understand how to make and use the same, the construction and operation will now be described in detail, referring to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a side view of the plane having my improvements embodied therein; Fig. 2, a plan view thereof; Fig. 3, an enlarged section of a portion of the stock of the plane, showing my improvements in section and in position; Fig. 4, a detail view of the bed-block removed from the stock and showing the device for adjusting the bit; Fig. 5, a similar view of the back of the bit; Fig. 6, a section at the line y y of Fig. 4; Fig. 7, a detail view of the clamping-bar, and Fig. 8 represents the clamping-screw.

In carrying out my invention as here embodied, A represents the plane-stock, having fitted therein the bed-block B, which is adjustably secured within the throat of the plane by means of suitable screws passing through the slots C and into the stock. The upper surface of the bed-block is recessed, as shown at D, so as to receive the adjusting-lever E, which has a fulcrum extension F, upon which this lever rocks when being manipulated, said extension fitting within the recess G, formed for that purpose. The adjusting-lever has a hole H formed therein, which registers with the elongated hole I, formed in the bed-block, and through these two holes passes the clamping-screw J, the latter being threaded into the clamp-plate K. This plate is adapted to fit upon the upper surface of the bit L when the latter is in position upon the bed-block, forming a cap therefor, and the clamping-screw J passes through the slot M, formed in the bit, the upper end of which slot is enlarged, as at N , in order that the head of the screw may be withdrawn from the bit. A washer O is placed around the screw and bears against the under side of the bit, and a bushing P is interposed between this washer and the head of the screw in order that when the said screw is run into the clamp-plate the washer will be firmly bound against the under side of the bit, while the clamp-plate will be as firmly bound against the upper surface of the bit, thus tightly securing these parts together. When not assembled, the washer lies within the hole H in the adjusting-lever, permitting the latter to swing thereon.

Q is the clamping-bar, slotted at its lower end, as indicated at R, so as to embrace the screw and bushing thereon and be adapted to draw downward upon the head of said screw. This bar has a ridge S thereon, which acts as a fulcrum, bearing against the under side of the bed-block, so that when the outer end of the bar is forced upward, as hereinafter set forth, the lower end will be swung downward, as will be readily understood, thereby drawing with it the clamping-screw, and consequently the clamp-plate and bit. This action will force the bit firmly against the bed-block, thus holding it against any movement while the plane is in use. A plate-spring T is secured to the under side of the clamping-bar, so as to hold the latter in position and yet permit its movements when being operated to bring about the above-named results.

In order that the outer end of the clamping-bar may be drawn upward with sufficient force to accomplish the results aimed at, a thumb-screw U is passed through the slot V, formed in the bar and threaded in the bed-block, as clearly shown in Fig. 3, and, as is obvious, when this screw is run upon the bed-block it will draw the outer end of the bar upward, the purpose of the slot being to permit the withdrawal of the clamping-bar from the stock when it is desired to release the clamping-screw, and thereby permit the removal of the bit and parts carried thereby.

The upper portion of the bed-block is slotted, as shown at W, and through this slot passes a thumb-screw X, its inner end being threaded into the adjusting-lever E, so that when said lever has been swung to the position which properly adjusts the bit it may be there held by properly manipulating this thumb-screw.

While the bit under ordinary conditions will be held in its adjustment by the clamp-plate, the use of the screw X to hold the adjusting-lever will permit said lever also to act as a means for holding the bit in its adjustment, since so long as the adjusting-lever is held against movement the bit cannot have any lengthwise movement on account of the washer O fitting snugly within the hole H.

The means which I provide for the sidewise adjustment of the bit, which enables the cutting edge of the latter to be properly trued up, is as follows: A cross-slide Y is fitted in dovetailed grooves formed in the bed-block and has lips a formed upon its ends, which embrace the bit, and the movements of this slide are controlled by the spiral cam b, which projects into the groove formed in the slide, said cam being pivoted to the bed-block by the screw d. A thumb-lever e is formed with the cam for its manipulation, so that by drawing this lever to one side or the other the slide will be moved crosswise of the bed-block, and thereby swing the bit upon the washer O as the fulcrum, which, as is obvious, will adjust the cutting edge of the bit, and thereby permit the truing up of the same.

From this description it will be seen that effective means are provided for the adjusting of the bit vertically and also for the truing up of the same, as well as providing for firmly clamping the bit in any adjustment, the latter being especially true since the entire under surface of the clamp-plate fits against the bit, while the under surface of the bit fits against the bed-block, so that when the clamp-plate is drawn downward it will firmly hold said bit.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and useful is —

1. In combination with a plane of the character described, a bed-block adjustably secured within the stock, an adjusting-lever fitted within a recess formed in the bed-block, an extension formed with the adjusting-lever and fitted within the recess in the stock, said lever having a hole therethrough, a bit having a central slot therein, a clamp-plate adapted to fit upon the upper surface of the bit, a clamping-screw threaded into the plate, a washer surrounding the screw and adapted to bear against the under side of the bit and fit within a hole formed in the adjusting-lever, a bushing also surrounding the screw and bearing against the washer, a clamping-bar fulcrumed against the under side of the bed-block having its lower end slotted to engage the head of the screw, and means — such as a thumb-screw for drawing the upper end of the clamping-bar toward the bed-block whereby the lower end thereof will be caused to draw the screw and the parts carried thereby downward, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In combination with a plane of the character described, a bed-block adjustably secured within the stock, an adjusting-lever, an extension formed with the adjusting-lever, a bit adjusted thereby, a clamp-plate, a clamping-screw, a washer and bushing surrounding said screw, a clamping-bar and means for operating the same.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ABRAHAM W. STAUFFER.

Witnesses:
MARY E. HAMER,
S. S. WILLIAMSON.

No. 637,463 – Router (Reuben Hegarty) (1899)

[paiddownloads id=”541″]637463

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

REUBEN HEGARTY, OF BIGLER, CLEARFIELD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA,
ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO PEARL T. DAVIS, OF CLEARFIELD, PENNSYLVANIA.

ROUTER.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 637,463, dated November 21, 1899.
Application filed March 18, 1899. Serial No. 709,562. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, REUBEN HEGARTY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bigler township, in the county of Clearfield and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Routers; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The invention has relation to routers.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple, durable, and inexpensive tool of this character which will perform its work in an efficient and rapid manner, making a cut on each stroke, both forward and backward.

With this object in view the invention consists in certain features of construction and combination of parts, which will be hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved tool. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view through the cutting-head of the tool. Fig. 3 is an end view of the cutting-head of the tool. Fig. 4 is a modification.

In the drawings, 1 denotes the cutting-head of the tool, 2 its shank, and 3 its handle. The cutting-head of the tool is provided with two longitudinal vertical cutters 4 and with two chisel-shaped transverse end cutters 5 and 6, which are arranged above the cutting edges of the longitudinal cutters 4 and intermediate the extreme ends of said cutters 4.

In operation on the forward stroke of the tool the longitudinal cutters will make the vertical cut and the transverse cutter 5 will make the horizontal cut. On the return stroke of the tool the longitudinal cutters will make the vertical cut and the cutter 6 will make the horizontal cut. It will thus be seen that the tool cuts on its forward and backward stroke.

Various changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of this invention. For instance, if desired, the shank may be made straight, as shown in Fig. 4, and one (preferably the rear) transverse cutter rnay be dispensed with. Of course in this construction there would not be a cut at each movement of the tool.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is —

1. A tool consisting of a handle, a shank, and a cutter-head, the handle and shank projecting upwardly and rearwardly of the cutter-head, said cutter-head formed with longitudinal cutting edges and with transverse cutting edges arranged at either end of the head and above the longitudinal cutting edges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. A tool consisting of a handle, a shank, and a cutter-head, the handle and shank projecting upwardly and rearwardly of the cutter-head, said cutter-head formed with longitudinal cutting edges and with transverse cutting edges arranged at either end of the head above and between the sides of the longitudinal cutting edges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. A tool consisting of a handle, a shank, and a cutter-head, the handle and shank projecting upwardly and rearwardly of the cutter-head, said cutter-head formed with longitudinal cutting edges and with transverse cutting edges arranged at either end of the head and above and intermediate the ends of the longitudinal cutting edges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. A tool consisting of a handle, a shank and a cutter-head, the handle and shank projecting upwardly and rearwardly of the cutter-head, said cutter-head formed with longitudinal cutting edges and with transverse cutting edges arranged at either end of the head and above and intermediate the length and between the edges of the longitudinal cutting edges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. A tool consisting of a handle, a shank, and a cutter-head, the handle and shank projecting upwardly and rearwardly of the cutter-head, said cutter-head formed with longitudinal cutting edges and with a transverse cutting edge arranged at one of the ends of the head above the longitudinel cutting edges, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

REUBEN HEGARTY.

Witnesses:
DENTON BEEMAN,
C. L. CORNELY.

No. 636,830 – Bench-Plane (Henry Miller) (1899)

[paiddownloads id=”540″]636830

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY MILLER, OF MEXICO, PENNSYLVANIA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 636,830, dated November 14, 1899.
Application filed October 29, 1898. Serial No. 694,958. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY MILLER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Mexico, in the county of Juniata and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Bench-Plane, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to bench-planes; and it has for its object to equip a plane of this character with improved bit-adjusting mechanism which shall provide simple and efficient means for positively and quickly adjusting the bit or knife of the plane to a proper working position.

To this end the main and primary object of the invention is to provide an improved bit-adjusting device for planes having means for effecting a compound adjustment of the bit — to wit, a longitudinal adjustment to secure the proper “set” of the cutting edge in the bit-opening and a lateral adjustment to accurately center the bit.

A further object of the invention is to provide improved means in connection with the bit-adjusting device for securely holding the clamping-plate of the bit, so as to prevent longitudinal displacement thereof after the parts have been set and tightened up.

With these and other objects in view, which will readily appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described, illustrated, and claimed.

While the improvements contemplated by the present invention are necessarily susceptible to modidcation without departing from the principle or scope of the invention, still the preferred embodiment thereof is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan view of a bench-plane fitted with the improvements contemplated by the invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the plane. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the plane-stock equipped with the improvements and showing the plane bit or knife and the clamping-plate therefor removed.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the numeral 1 designates the plane-stock of an ordinary bench or smoothing plane, provided near its opposite ends with the usual handle and knob, (designated by the numerals 2 and 3, respectively,) and at an intermediate point the said plane-stock is provided with the mouth 4, communicating with the transverse bit-opening 5 at the under side of the stock and receiving therein the plane bit or knife 6. The plane bit or knife 6 is arranged in the usual inclined position within the mouth 4, with its cutting end disposed in the transverse bit-opening 5, and said plane bit or knife 6 has fitted to the upper side thereof the usual adjustable cap-plate or back iron 7, whose lower end is beveled and adjustable relatively to the cutting end of the bit or knife 6 in the usual manner, according to the character of the work required of the plane. Cooperating with the plane bit or knife 6 and the cap-plate 7 is the clamping-plate 8, which is arranged on top of the latter and carries at its upper end the clamping-screw 9, whose inner end works against a clamping-spring 10, secured fast at one end to the under side of the plate 8 and adapted to have its free end pressed by the screw 9 tightly against the cap-plate of the plane bit or knife to provide for clamping the same rigid after being set, this combination and arrangement of parts being common to most of the ordinary types of bench or smoothing planes.

To provide for adapting the adjusting device or mechanism to the parts of the plane just described, a guide-boxing 11 is securely fastened at its lower end by means of screws or other suitable fasteners within the plane-mouth 4, and said guide-boxing 11 is provided with a central longitudinal channel or way 12 and opposite side rest-flanges 13, which follow the inclination of the blade-seat next to the transverse bit-opening 5, so as to form an even rest or support for the plane bit or knife. The said guide-boxing 11, by reason of its inclination and the provision of the flanges 13, forms an extended inclined support or rest for the plane bit or knife 6, and the longitudinal channel or guideway of said boxing accommodates for movement therein a slide-block 14, to which is swiveled one end of an adjusting-screw 15, working through a fixed nut 16, secured fast to the boxing, near the upper end thereof, and the upper outer end of said adjusting-screw 15 carries an adjusting disk or wheel 17, which by being turned provides for the sliding movement of the block 14 in the direction desired.

The slide-block 14 has pivotally mounted thereon a laterally-swinging adjusting-lever 18, which lever is provided below its pivotal connection with the block with an upstanding stud 19, having a loose or pivotal engagement in the stud-opening 20, formed in the plane bit or knife G or the cap-plate thereof. At its upper outer end, which projects beyond the upper end of the boxing 11, the said lever 18 is provided with a laterally-deflected thumb-piece 21, which is grasped to provide for swinging or adjusting the lever on its pivot.

From the foregoing it will be readily understood that in order to secure the longitudinal adjustment of the plane bit or knife to provide for the proper set of its cutting edge in the bit-opening it is simply necessary to turn the disk or wheel 17, which will cause a longitudinal movement of the slide-block, as well as the adjusting-lever 18, carried thereby, and which connects with the plane bit or knife. To correct any angularity of the bit or knife and thereby properly center the same, a lateral movement of the adjusting-lever on its pivot will effect this result, and at this point it will be observed that the adjusting-lever and the plane bit or knife are arranged in substantial parallelism, thereby permitting the adjusting-screw a free play through the entire length of its threaded portion, while at the same time providing for exerting a direct longitudinal pressure on the bit in adjusting the same backward or forward, which would not be the case if the adjusting-screw were arranged at an angle to the plane of the bit.

In addition to the adjusting device described the present invention also contemplates the use of a pair of holding-arms 22. These holding-arms 22 are fitted to the guide-boxing, within the plane-mouth, at opposite sides thereof and at right angles to the inclination of the plane bit or knife, and at their upper ends the said holding-arms are provided with inwardly-projecting gripping-lugs 23, which overhang the side edges of the clamping-plate 8, and are provided with pointed edges 24, engaging superlicial serrations 25 at opposite edges of the clamping-plate 8. This construction prevents longitudinal displacement of the clamping-plate 8 after the parts have been properly set and tightened up by means of the screw 9.

From the foregoing it is thought that the construction, operation, and many advantages of the herein-described plane attachment will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art without further description, and it will be understood that changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the principle or sacrificing any of the advantages of this invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, the combination with the stock and the bit or knife, of a channeled guide-boxing fitted to the stock, a longitudinally-adjustable slide-block completely housed and concealed within the channel of the boxing, and a laterally-swinging adjusting-lever pivoted between its ends to the block and provided at its lower end with an upturned stud loosely engaging with the bit or knife, substantially as set forth.

2. In a plane, the combination with the stock, and the bit or knife, of a channeled guide-boxing fitted to the stock, a fixed nut housed within the boxing at or near its upper end, a slide-block registering and concealed within the channel of the boxing, an adjusting-screw mounted in said nut and having a connection with the slide-block, and a laterally-swinging adjusting-lever pivoted between its ends to the block and provided with an upturned stud loosely engaging with the bit or knife, substantially as set forth.

3. In a plane, the combination with the stock, the bit or knife, and the clamping-plate, of a guide-boxing fitted to the stock, adjusting devices for the bit or knife arranged within the guide-boxing, and a pair of holding-arms fitted to the guide-boxing at opposite sides thereof, within the plane-mouth, and provided at their upper ends with inwardly-projecting gripping-lugs overhanging and engaging the side edges of the clamping-plate, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

HENRY MILLER.

Witnesses:
SAMUEL LAPP,
W. N. ZEIDERS.

No. 514,226 – Carpenter’s Plane (Charles S. Hinnershotz) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”501″]514226

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES S. HINNERSHOTZ, OF READING, PENNSYLVANIA.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 514,226, dated February 6, 1894.
Application filed February 4, 1893. Serial No. 460,977. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES S. HINNERSHOTZ, a citizen of the United States, residing at Reading, in the county of Berks, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates more particularly to bench planes adapted to be constructed wholly or largely of metal.

The main objects of the invention are, first, to simplify the construction, and the setting and fastening of the bit, and second to make the operation more satisfactory.

The novel features of the invention are fully described in connection with the accompanying drawings and are specifically pointed out in the subjoined claims.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the stock or bed. Figs. 3 and 4 are separate views of the bit-iron and of the adjustable spring plate which forms a portion of the sole.

The stock or bed A as shown is a casting, of which the main part of the base plate a3 forms the rear portion of the sole while the part of said plate forward of the mouth c’ is raised to a higher plane and has secured to its under side by means of a screw bolt b at its forward end a spring plate A’, the rear free end of which extends to the mouth c’ and is capable of being pressed downward from its normal position by means of an adjusting screw b’. This adjustable plate thus forms the forward portion of the sole.

The bit iron C is a plain plate of steel ground to a cutting edge c and slightly curved. This is placed upon the upper face of the base plate a3 of the stock with which it may lie substantially parallel as shown, the curve however being sufficient to permit the cutting edge c to be projected through the mouth c’. It is clamped to the stock by means of a fastener D. This is provided with a clamping screw E as usual, which in pressing downward the rear end of the bit-iron upon the transverse rib a2 on the stock turns the fastener upon its fulcrum trunnions d3 which engage grooves a’ in the side walls a of the stock and causes the forward end d2 of the fastener to firmly clamp the forward end of the bit iron to the stock. This fastener is provided with a handle d and with a break-iron d’ which is carried upward in front of the handle and serves to effectually turn the shavings to one side.

By my improved construction I provide an exceedingly simple plane, very economical in manufacture yet more satisfactory in operation than any plane of its class with which I am acquainted.

Having thus fully described my invention I do not limit myself to the exact construction shown, but —

What I claim is —

The herein-described carpenter’s plane, consisting of the stock or bed, having the portion of the sole atthe rear of its mouth integral with it and the forward portion formed by a separate plate and adjustable to regulate the depth of the cut, said rear portion of the stock having a rib extending upward from its upper side; the curved bit-iron, extending through the mouth of the plane and engaging near its forward end the wall of said mouth and near its rear end the rib of stock; a combined handle and holder for the bit-iron, engaging the bit-iron at its forward end and fulcrumed to the stock near its said forward end; and an adjusting screw, engaging directly the handle at one end and the bit-iron at the other end, said screw serving to press downward and hold the rear end of the bit-iron against said rib and simultaneously to force and hold the forward end of the handle downward to clamp the forward end of the bit-iron against the stock, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES S. HINNERSHOTZ.

Witnesses:
ED. A. KELLY,
DAVID LEVAN.

No. 510,096 – Bench-Plane (Jacob Siegley) (1893)

[paiddownloads id=”497″]510096

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JACOB SIEGLEY, OF WILKES-BARRÉ, PENNSYLVANIA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 510,096, dated December 5, 1893.
Application filed May 21, 1892. Serial No. 433,924. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB SIEGLEY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Wilkes-Barré, in the county of Luzerne and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in bench-planes, and the same consists of a cast-iron bottom and steel side-plates riveted to lugs of said bottom, and of a cap that is provided with a shoulder having set-screws, said shoulder resting on a transverse rod extending between the sides of the supporting frame and screws in said shoulder permitting the adjustment of the cap into higher or lower position, all of which will be fully described hereinafter and finally pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my improved bench-plane. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 is a detail vertical transverse section on line 3 3, Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the front part of my improved bench-plane, and Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the throat-piece as detached from the plane.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the frame of my improved bench-plane, which is composed of a cast-iron bottom plate a, provided with lugs a’ that are cast integral therewith, and of upright steel side plates a2 which are attached by rivets that are inserted into the lugs or bosses a’, as shown clearly in Fig. 3. By making the sides of steel plates a much lighter and more durable frame for bench-planes is obtained. To the rear part of the bottom plate a is attached the main handle H, while the knob h at the front end of the plane is provided with a spindle h’ having a threaded lower end that takes into an interiorly-threaded boss B’ of a detachable throat-piece B which is supported against the underside by the front part a3 of the bottom of the frame A, said bottom being a short distance from the lower edge of the frame, so as to provide for the throat piece B and bring the under side of the same accurately at a level with the under side of the main part of the bottom plate a, as shown in Fig. 2. The throat piece can be adjusted toward the blade C and cap D of the latter, as the boss of the same permits the shifting action to a certain extent in the opening of the front part a3 of the bottom plate, the knob h with its spindle h’ serving to tightly retain the throat piece on the front part of of the bottom plate. The rear end of the throat piece is provided with an upwardly inclined flange b, along which the shavings pass, as they are out off by the edge of the blade, the said flange guiding the shavings and preventing them from curling in passing up through the throat of the plane. The cap D is made tapering at its lower end, so as to bear on the blade C, while the upper end is provided with a screw D’ by which the blade C is rigidly held in position in the stock of the plane. The under side of the blade is provided with transverse grooves m, that are engaged by the tooth e of a fulcrumed arm E, the forked lower end E’ of which is engaged by a collared sleeve F that is adjustable on a fixed screw G on the fixed block J of the frame A so as to adjust thereby the blade in the stock. The cap D is provided with shoulder d which rests against the transverse rod d’ that connects the upper part of the steel side plates a2, as shown in Fig. 2, said shoulder being provided with set-screws d2 the lower ends of which bear against the transverse rod d’ said set-screws serving for raising or lowering the cap, so as to adjust it accurately in its relative position to the blade. The under side of the main part of the bottom plate a and the under side of the throat piece B are provided with longitudinal corrugations f by which the friction of the bottom of the plane with the surface to be planed is considerably reduced and an easier working than with the solid smooth bottom produced.

The bench-plane described is light and durable and the shavings are not curled in passing through the throat of the plane. The bottom corrugations facilitate the working of the plane, while the cap can be adjusted into higher or lower position, so that it is readily adjusted into its proper relative position to the plane, even as the cutting edge of the same is ground off by use.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

l. A bench-plane, the frame or stock of which is formed of a cast-iron bottom having bosses or lugs, upright steel side plates and rivets for attaching said side plates to the bosses of the bottom, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the stock of a bench-plane having a fixed transverse rod, of a blade, a cap supported on said blade, said cap being provided with a shoulder above the transverse rod and set screws passing through said shoulder so as to permit the adjustment of the cap relatively to the blade, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JACOB SIEGLEY.

Witnesses:
JOHN A. SAYER,
J. G. KAUFER.

No. 435,789 – Bench-Plane Attachment (Thomas W. Bartholomew) (1890)

[paiddownloads id=”465″]435789

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS W. BARTHOLOMEW, OF DANVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA.

BENCH-PLANE ATTACHMENT.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 435,789, dated September 2, 1890.
Application filed December 18, 1889. Serial No. 334,188. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it ltnown that I, THOMAS W. BARTHOLOMEW, of Danville, in the county of Montour and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Plane Attachments; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference rnarked thereon, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to certain improvements in bench-plane attachments.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved attachment for planes to fit into the angle between the plane-iron and plane body or stock and prevent the hand when using the plane from pushing against the plane-iron, and thereby protect the hand from the sharp edges of said iron.

These objects are accomplished by and my invention consists in certain novel features of construction and in combinations of parts more fully described hereinafter, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bench-plane provided with the present attachment or hand-guard. Fig. 2 is a rear view of the same. Fig. 3 is a detail perspective of the hand-guard. Fig. 4 is a detail bottom plan of the same. Fig. 5 is a detail of the cushion for the guard. Fig. 6 is a section on plane of line x x, Fig. 2.

In the drawings, the reference-letter a indicates the body or stock of a plane provided with a plane-iron b and a wedge c, as usual.

When using bench-planes of the characteristics shown, the plane-stock is grasped by the right hand just in rear of the plane-iron, and as the plane is reciprocated the tender portions of the hand between the thulnb and first linger press and rub against the sharp edges of the iron and bit, and are thereby injured, blistered, and rendered exceedingly sore and uncomfortable, and, further, it is difficult to obtain a good hold of the stock of the plane. In order to obviate these disadvantages, a hand-guard d is secured and fitted in the angle between the upper face of the stock and the iron. This guard is hollow and formed integral of cast or sheet metal, provided with the fiat base e, formed by an inwardly-extending flange having opposite transverse apertures f to receive the securing-screws g’, from which base the guard extends upwardly and rearwardly and is rounded at its top, the edges thereof fitting against the rear face of the iron and inclined upwardly at an acute angle equal to the angle of the iron. The rear outer rounded side of the guard is formed so as to fit in the space between the thumb and first linger, and on the right-hand side this guard is provided with a depression It to receive the main thumb-joint. The rear or heel portion of the base of the guard is provided in its under face with a depression or socket i to receive and hold a cushion j, of leather or other suitable substance, fitting between the guard and plane-stock, and the under face of the base is provided with a pair of downwardly-projecting lugs j’ j’ at opposite ends of the said socket. These lugs serve as rests or feet and prevent the guard from being screwed down too tightly or unevenly, and also serve as guards to prevent the cushion being scraped or knocked from its place. The object of this leather cushion is to give the guard an elastic bearing, raise it up, and prevent it from breaking from the jar caused by striking the plane to loosen the plane-iron. The cushion j can be secured in its socket by any suitable material, such as glue, &c. Of course it is understood if the wedge c is placed beneath the bit or iron the guard will iit beneath the same in a like manner.

The great utility and advantages of this article are obvious and well understood, and the article can be manufactured and sold and applied to any plane.

What I claim is —

1. As a new article of manufacture, the herein-described hollow hand-guard for bench-planes, formed integral and consisting of a base to fit on the upper face of the plane-stock, provided with apertures for the securing-screws and with a socket and feet on its under face, for the purposes set forth, and an upwardly and rearwardly inclined portion to fit against the rear side of the plane-iron, formed on its rear side to iit the hand, substantially as described.

2. The herein-described hand-guard for planes, formed integral, consisting of a base to fit on and be secured to the stock, and provided with one or more feet to bear on the stock and an upwardly-extending portion inclined rearwardly and rounded on its outer side to fit the hand, substantially as described.

3. The herein-described hand-guard for planes, consisting of a base having perforations for the securing-screws and provided near its heel with a socket to receive a cushion and with feet located on opposite sides of said socket, and the portion extending upwardly from the base, having inclined edges and formed at its rear side to fit the hand, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with a plane-stock and plane-iron, of a hand-guard secured and fitted in the angle between the upper face of the stock and the plane-iron and rounded on its outer side to fit the hand and a cushion interposed between the stock and said guard, substantially as described.

5. The combination of a plane with a hollow integral metal hand-guard therefor, having a base secured to the stock and a cushion located between said base and stock to tilt said guard and prevent breakage of the guard by striking the plane-stock, substantially as described.

6. In a plane, the combination of a stock with a hand-guard formed hollow and integral and having a base secured to the upper face of the stock, a portion rounded at its rear and extending upwardly and fitting against the rear face of the plane-iron, and a cushion interposed between the base of said guard and the stock and resting in a socket, for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THOS. W. BARTHOLOMEW.

Witnesses:
ROBERT ADAMS,
THOS. J. MILES.

No. 357,898 – Spokeshave (Samuel Benson) (1887)

[paiddownloads id=”421″]357898

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL BENSON, OF ALLEGHENY CITY, PENNSYLVANIA.

SPOKESHAVE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 357,898, dated February 15, 1887.
Application filed September 23, 1886. Serial No. 214,386. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL BENSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Allegheny City, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain, new and useful improvements in Spokeshaves; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in spokeshaves, the object being to provide a means whereby the blade may be easily adjusted or detached from the handle of the tool; and with this end in view my invention consists in certain details of construction and combination of parts, as will be fully described hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved spokeshave constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a rear side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the blade, showing the projecting end used for securing the blade to the handle. Fig 4 is a perspective view of one of the bolts for attaching the blade to the handle.

To put my invention into practice and give the same bodily form, I provide a handle, a, of suitable size and form of construction, having a metallic plate, b, embedded into the same immediately back or at the rear of the cutting-blade c. This plate b is a wear-plate, and prevents undue wear of that part of the tool which bears upon the spokes in the operation of shaping them. At the front of this plate b, I place the knife or blade c, mounted on two small horizontal plates, d, secured a short distance below the general level of the handle a. On each end of the knife cis formed a projecting flange or lug, g, which, in conjunction with two flat-head bolts, k, placed at either end, affords a means of securing the knife or blade c to the handle a. By shifting this knife c back from the inlaid plate b a coarse shaving is taken from the work; or the knife c may be elevated by placing small strips of paper or other substance between the plates d and the projecting flanges g of the knife c. This knife or blade c may be readily taken from the handle a for the purpose of sharpening or grinding, by loosening the thumb-nuts l on the end of the bolts k.

I am aware that it is not new in spoke-shaves to secure the knife to the stock by slipping its ends into grooves formed in the stock and using at one end of the knife a clamping-bolt. I therefore disclaim such a device.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

ln a spokeshave, the combination consisting of the handle a, having a metallic plate, b, embedded therein, the knife or cutting-blade c, provided at either end with flat projecting flanges g, the horizontal plates d, and flat-headed bolts k, provided with thumb-screws l, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

SAMUEL BENSON.

Witnesses:
N. P. FETTERMAN,
W. C. BARR.

No. 322,304 – Spokeshave And Chamfer-Cutter (James Mander) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”396″]322304

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES MANDER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF
ONE-HALF TO MAURICE R. DILLIN, OF SAME PLACE.

SPOKESHAVE AND CHAMFER-CUTTER.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 322,304, dated July 14, 1885.
Application filed January 24, 1885. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES MANDER, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Chamfer-Cutters and Spoke-shaves, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification and accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 represents a top or plan view of a chamfer-cutter and spokeshave embodying my invention. Fig. 2 represents a side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 represents a longitudinal section thereof. Fig. 4. represents a transverse section thereof.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

My invention consists of a tool which is adapted to be used either as a chamfer-cutter or a spokeshave, as will be hereinafter fully set forth.

Referring to the drawings, A represents a spokeshave, consisting of the stock B, handles C, and bit or blade D, the latter being fitted in diagonally-extending grooves a, formed in the inner sides of the stock.

The back of the stock is cut away, as at b, so that the rear face of the bit is supported by the top cross-bar, c, and side lugs, d, whereby the main portion of the back of the bit below said cross-bar, excepting the small portion contiguous to the lugs d, is uncovered or unobstructed, by which provision the bit is adapted for deep cuts and to perform a greater range of work, limited by the top cross-bar, c, instead of the bottom edge of the back of the stock, as in spokeshaves heretofore constructed.

E represents a frame or case, which, open at top and bottom, is adapted to receive the stock of the spokeshave and the contiguous portions of the handles thereof.

Screws F are swiveled to the spokeshave and tapped in the sides of the case E, whereby provision is made for raising and lowering the spokeshave in said box and thus adjust the bit D therein.

In the bottom edges of the front and rear walls of the case E are recesses G of inverted-V shape, the same constituting guides when the tool is used as a chamfer-cutter, it being noticed that the bit of the spokeshave is the bit of such cutter, and the handles C are employed for operating said cutter.

The tool is presented to the wood so that the latter is coincident with the guide-recesses G, and the tool operated, whereby the wood is readily cut with a chamfer, it being noticed that the depth of the chamfer may be varied or adjusted by properly rotating the screws F, and it will also be noticed that as much of the back of the bit is uncovered as has been set forth, the work of chamfering may be accomplished with facility, the back of the stock presenting no obstructions to the cutting action of the bit to the extreme depth of the guide-recesses G.

Another advantage in leaving the back of the bit uncovered in the manner stated is, that the bit is adapted for cutting what are known as “stop-chamfers,” which may be of various depths, and cannot be produced where the bit is covered in spokeshaves heretofore in use.

I am aware that a spokeshave having a blade adjustable in a recessed stock is old, and also that a combined spoke and chamfer cutter is formed with a casing having recesses thereon, and such I do not broadly claim.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a combined chamfer-cutter and spoke-shave, the spokeshave having a recessed stock, in combination with a blade seated in said stock and supported by a cross-bar of the shave, and a case having recesses in both the front and rear walls of an inverted-V shape, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The stock B, having a cross-bar, c, and side lugs, d, connected therewith, in combination with a blade secured to said cross-bar c, and supported by said lugs, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a combined chamfer-cutter and spokeshave, the stock B of the latter, in combination with the blade D, secured to a cross-bar, c, of said stock, and a case, E, having recesses of inverted-V shape in both the front and rear walls thereof, and screws connected with the spokeshave and engaging with said case, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

JAMES MANDER.

Witnesses:
JOHN A. WIEDERSHEIM,
A. P. GRANT.

No. 318,331- Adjustable-Faced Plane (Edwin Walker) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”393″]318331

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDWIN WALKER, OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA.

ADJUSTABLE-FACED PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 318,331, dated May 19, 1885.
Application filed February 6, 1885. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN WALKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Erie, in the county of Erie and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Adjustable-Faced Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, forming part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in plane-stocks and mechanism connected therewith; and it consists of the improvements hereinafter set forth and explained.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of my improved plane-stock frame with the adjustable plates and other mechanism thereof removed therefrom. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the back half of my improved plane-stock with a portion of the adjustable plates removed, so as to show the bit-adjusting mechanism. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the central adjustable plates, showing a groove therein for the bit-adjusting mechanism. Fig. 5 shows a front end view of my improved plane with a gage attached thereon for adjusting the depth of cut, and also showing the plane adjusted to a square-faced bit. Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are front end views of my improved plane-stock, showing some of the forms to which the face of the plane-stock may be adjusted, (other portions of the mechanisms of the plane not being shown.) Fig. 12 is aside elevation showing a modified form of mechanism for securing the adjustable plates in place. Fig. 13 is a perspective view ofthe under side of a double-ended matching-bit, showing the holes for attaching the adjusting-rod thereto. Figs. 14 and 15 illustrate by perspective views some of the forms of bits to which the face of the plane-stock is adapted to be adjusted.

Like letters refer to like parts in all the figures.

In the construction of my improved plane, A is the frame, provided with the guides D D D D, adapted to receive and support vertically-adjustable longitudinal plates B B, &c., which plates B B, &c., together with the frame A, make up the plane-stock.

The guides D D D are provided with slots D’ D’ D’, in which clamps C C C operate, these clamps C C C being secured by thumb-screws C’ C’ C’, operating against the back side of the frame A. The frame A is also provided with ears I2 I2, between which the nut I’ of the bit-adjusting mechanism operates. The front guide D of the frame may also be provided with screws a a, &c., one for each of the plates B B, &c.

The frame A is preferably made of cast metal, except the handle F, which may be of wood.

The plates B B, &c., may be made either of cast metal or stamped out of sheet metal, and any number of the adjustable plates B may be used, according to the thickness which it is desired to make the plane-stock. The two outside plates B B, &c., may also be provided at their front ends with small adjustable cutters b b, inserted therein for cutting across the wood when the plane is used as a dado-plane, and for other purposes requiring such cutters.

The frame A is also provided with holes in the back side thereof, (not shown,) into which guide-rods J J can be inserted when it is desired to support a fence thereon. This fence K is connected to the slotted arms J ’ J’, which are attached to the sleeves J2 J2, which slide over the rods J J and are secured in place thereon by set-screws J3 J3, the fence K being adjustable up and down on the slotted arms J’J’ by means of bolts passing through the slots j j therein.

The bit H, I construct double-ended, so that either end may be used, according to the pattern desired, each end of the bit being made preferably of a different pattern. The bit is secured in place by means of the clip G and set-screw G’ therein, the clip G operating between the face of the bit and the lug E on the frame A.

For adjusting the bit H up and down, I provide an adjusting-rod, I,which has lugs i i on the lower end thereof adapted to fit into holes h h in the under face of the bit H, as shown in Figs. 3 and 13. This adjusting-rod I extends upward through grooves L in two of the central of the plates B B, &c. (Shown in Figs. 3 and 4.) Above the upper edges of the plates B B, &c., the adjusting-rod I is screw-threaded and provided with a thumb-nut, l’, which operates between the lugs I2 I2 on the frame A, so that by turning the nut the bit H may be adjusted up and down in the plane-stock.

Fig. 5 shows a depth-gage, M, which may be placed either upon the front guide-rod J, or, if desired, upon the front clamp C, behind the thumb-nut C’. This gage is provided with a slotted hole (not shown) by which it may be adjusted up and down to regulate the depth of cut made by the plane in dado-work and other work of that character. This gage M is also so arranged that it may be detached and taken off of the plane-stock when desired and not needed for use thereon.

The front cud views 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 illustrate some of the forms to which the face of my improved plane-stock can be adjusted, bits being used corresponding with such adjustment, (the clamping mechanism which holds the plates to the frame A not being shown therein.)

In operating my improved plane the plates B B, &c., are each adjusted in the position desired and temporarily secured by the use of the set-screws a a, &c., in the front guide D of the plane-stock. These screws a a, &c., however, may be dispensed with, if desired, as they merely form a convenient means of securing each plate in place during the adjustment of the face of the plane-stock to any desired form of bit prior to the plates being finally secured (after adjustment) by the clamps C C C.

Any number of plates may be used in my improved plane, thereby making any width of face on the plane-stock desired.

I am aware that plane-stocks have been heretofore constructed of adjustable blocks, so constructed and arranged with relation to each other that the face of the plane-stock could be longitudinally adjusted to fit a circular surface — for example, the arc of a circle; but this construction is not capable of any lateral adjustment of the face of the plane-stock to suit different patterns of bit. I am also aware that plane-stocks have been constructed with detachable faces of different patterns, each pattern being suited to a particular form of bit made to match the pattern of the detachable face; but I am not aware of any construction of a plane-stock prior to my invention consisting of a frame supporting a series of thin longitudinal vertical plates, the lower edges of which plates combined formed the face of the plane-stock, and which plates were adapted to be vertically adjusted upon the supporting-frame, so that by such adjustment the face of the plane-stock could be altered laterally to adapt it to the use of any pattern of bit which the operator might have occasion to use in his work therewith. Therefore.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is —

1. The combination, in a plane-stock, of a plane-stock frame with series of two or more vertical longitudinal plates which may be adjusted up and down upon said frame and clamped thereto, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a plane-stock, the combination of a plane-stock frame provided with guides and clamping mechanism with a series of two or more vertical longitudinal plates the lower edges of which form the face ofthe plane-stock, said plates being vertically adjustable in said guides on the plane-stock frame, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination, in a plane stock, of a plane-stock frame and a series of two or more vertical longitudinal plates which may be adjusted upon and clamped to said frame, with removable fence-supporting rods and a fence adapted to be adjusted both vertically and laterally thereon, substautially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In an adjustable-faced plane-stock, the combination of the plane-stock frame A, provided with the slotted lugs I2 I2 thereon, with the screw-threaded adjusting-rod I, the thumb-nut I’, operating between the lugs I2 I2, and the bit H, all operating together substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a plane-stock, the combination, with the plane-stock frame A and the vertically-adjustable longitudinal plates B B, of the set-screws a a, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In combination with a plane stock consisting of the plane-stock frame A and the vertically-adjustable longitudinal plates B B, the adjustable depth-gage M, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. ln combination with a plane stock consisting of a plane-stock frame, A, and vertically-adjustable longitudinal plates B B, clamped thereto, adjustable cutters b b, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

S. The combination, in a plane-stock, of a plane-stock frame, A, provided with guides D D D, clamps C C C, the vertically-adjustable longitudinal plates B B, the bit-securing mechanism E G G’, bit-adjusting mechanism I I’, and bit H, all constructed and operating together substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EDWIN WALKER.

Witnesses:
H. M. STURGEON,
F. J. BASSETT.

No. 314,338 – Chamfer-Plane (James Mander) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”388″]314338

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES MANDER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA,
ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO MAURICE R. DILLIN, OF SAME PLACE.

CHAMFER-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 314,338, dated March 24, 1885.
Application filed December 18, 1884. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES MANDER, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chamfer-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in planes to be used to chamfer the right-angled edge of a board or strip and form the beveled ends of the chamfer in the manner heretofore accomplished by hand with the chisel, drawing-knife, and level-faced bench-plane.

The invention consists of a bench-plane whose face or working-surface is rabbeted from nearly the edges of its sides to a point within and central with the body of the plane, the lines of the rabbet intersecting each other at an angle of ninety degrees, so that when the chamfered edge of the board is brought to the required depth, as may be regulated by the adjustable face, the sides of said rabbet rest equally and firmly upon the edge and face of the board. The main element of the invention, however, consists of an adjustable sliding face in connection with the rabbeted face of the plane, which is situated in front of the cutting-bit and its retaining-wedge. Said face is also wedged-shaped, and extends down from above the upper surface through the body of the plane and projects within the rabbeted surface any distance desired, and held firmly in position by set-screws that are adjustable in the opposing sides of the plane.

In the accompanying drawings, which make a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 is an end view. Fig. 4 is a view of the working-face of the plane. Figs. 5 and 6 are side and face views of the adjustable sliding wedge-face D. Fig. 7 is an isometrical view of a portion of a strip chamfered on one corner.

Like letters of reference in all the figures indicate the same parts.

A is the plane-stock; B, the cutting-bit; C, the wedge which retains said bit in position. D is the adjustable sliding face, situated in front of the wedge C and extending from the upper surface down through the body of the plane. It is capable of being adjusted in its altitudinal position by means of the set-screws E E, the ends of which pass into it, the stems of said screws sliding in the slots b b in the sides of the stock.

The mode of operation is as follows: The bit B and its retaining-wedge C are placed in the stock A in the usual manner, the face D having been previously adjusted, with its lower end extending down into the angled rabbeted sides of the stock the required distance below which it is desired to cut the chamfer. The plane is then manipulated in the customary manner, with one side of the angled face upon the edge and the other upon the surface of the board, nearly the required length of the charnfer, cutting the end bevel, c, during its progress, when it is reversed and worked (left-handed) to cut the other end bevel, c’, and the remaining portion of the chamfer down to its level. The working-surface of the adjustable face D extends back only to the front of the cutting-edge of the bit B, with sufficient room between it and the bit for the upward passage of the shaving to the throat of the plane. The face of the stock being rabbeted its entire length presents no obstacle to the bit acting as a chisel or similar tool, thereby cutting the beveled end of the chamfer.

In lieu of a flat chamfer, the corner of the board may be beaded, reeded, fluted, or given any desired configuration by a corresponding change in the face of the adjustable stop and in the cutting-edge of the bit.

Having thus described the construction and operation of my improved plane, what I claim therein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The adjustable face D, in combination with the rabbeted faced stock A, said face D being cofined within the body of the stock A by means of the set-screws E E, which pass through the sides of the stock to engage the face D, whereby said face D may be raised or lowered to suit the depth of chamfer required, substantially as described.

2. The stock A, which forms the stop or depth of chamfer, rabbeted throughout its length from a central point at an angle of ninety degrees each way to its sides, in combination with the adjustable face D, which is secured in the stock and made adjustable therein by means of the screws E E and cutting-bit B, thus leaving the back of the bit free to act as a chisel for cutting the beveled end of the chamfer.

JAMES MANDER.

Witnesses:
THOMAS J. BEWLEY,
FRANK CRAVEN.

No. 310,163 – Plane (William F. Achenbach) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”380″]310163

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH, OF READING, PENNSYLVANIA.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 310,163, dated January 6, 1885.
Application filed September 15, 1884. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Reading, county of Berks, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This improvement relates more particularly to carpenters’ bench-planes.

The object of the invention is to place in the hands of wood-workers, joiners, and others a plane which will dress smoothly cross-grained and knotty woods so finely that subsequent filling and scraping are rendered unnecessary. These results are attained by a very slight yet important alteration of the mode of dressing the face of planes, as will be explained further on.

Figure 1 is a perspective elevation of a smoothing-plane having my improvement attached thereto. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section showing more clearly the improvement. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the face of the plane, showing the improvement. Fig. 4 is a plan and sectional view of the plane-bit preferably used in the plane. In all of which —

A represents the body of the plane; A’, the month of the plane; A2, the throat; B, the wedge; C, the bit; D, the usual cap for a double bit; E, a metal plate sunk in the face of the plane in advance of the mouth-opening; E’, a plate sunk in the face of the plane in the rear of the mouth.

The improvement is applicable to both jack and fore planes, and it will be found advantageous to apply it to the same; but it is particularly adapted to the smoothing-plane for finishing off veneers or any fine work in hard or soft woods. The usual custom is to smooth off as well as is practicable with the plane, then to use the scraper to finish up, supplementing the latter by a wood filling and a rubbing down with pumice-stone. With my improvement in the construction of the plane-face this is unnecessary, as a simple sandpapering after the plane leaves the work ready for varnishing.

The result of the improvement is that much more work can be done in a given time, and when done is of a superior character to all work hitherto produced by the use of the plane alone.

The construction of the plane is as follows, the description applying more particularly to a smoothing-plane, as shown: It will be seen that the elevation, as in Fig. 1, makes no disclosure of any change in the construction of the plane. The longitudinal section and the plan, Figs. 2 and 3, show metallic plates inserted permanently in the face of the plane. The plates are about one-half inch wide, and about one-fourth of an inch short of the width of the plane at the point of insertion, leaving, when inserted, about one-eighth of an inch of wood standing at each end of the metallic plate. The plates may be about one-eighth of an inch thick, and they are secured in place by countersunk-screws.

The plates having been placed as shown, one, E, with its edge coincident with the front edge of the month of the plane, and the other placed at about one-third of the length of the plane from its rear end, I dress the face of the plane, and metallic plate included, from the mouth-edge of the plate to the fore end of the plane, so that the fore end shall be about one-thirtieth of an inch lower than the mouth-edge of the plate, the face of the plane being reversed upon the bench. The space between the plates E and E’ may be level, but I prefer to have it slightly hollow — say about one sixty-fourth of an inch — and from the rear plate, E’, to the end of the plane I again drop the face, the plane-face being reversed to about one-thirtieth of an inch at the rear end below the level of the plate E’, the straight edge in both cases resting upon the inner edges of the plates E and E’.

For fore or jack planes the same depression of the face from the front and rear plates is maintained, but the space between the front and rear plates is kept at a dead level, and one or more intermediate plates inserted to insure uniformity of wear.

The use of the plates not only serves to maintain certain fixed points upon the face of the plane, but also serves to reduce the friction of the plane in operating the same.

Although an ordinary double-bitted plane-iron may be used in a plane constructed in accordance with my improvement, yet I find a plane-iron of a parallel thickness for the length of the cap to give better results. A parallel bit, as it wears and is thrust forward through the mouth of the plane, causes no change in the distance left between its face and the edge of the plate, while the thrusting forward of the usual tapered thickness bit as it wears away gradually enlarges the opening of the mouth, and will not permit of fine work being done. The plate E at the mouth should be so set relative to the bit C that the space left for the passage of the shavings should limit the thickness of the same to suit the character of work to be performed, and the plate E’ in all cases at about one-third of the length of the plane from its rear end, this plate marking that point upon the plane which I find from practical use to be that which is best adapted to give relief to the user in handling the same, and indicating by its position that portion of the plane-face lying between plates E E’, which is to be retained at or near a dead level, as already described. As the plane-face loses its original form from use, it must be renewed, which I find is best performed by rubbing down with a block of hard wood covered with fine flint sand-paper. For hard-wood veneers, &c., a clearance at front and rear (the straight edge resting upon the inner edges of the plates E E) of about one-thirtieth of an inch will be ample. For soft woods the clearance may be increased to one-twentieth of an inch.

In grinding up and sharpening the bit it should curve very moderately in its width, and should project very slightly above the face of the month-iron E. The slight elevation of the edge of the plate above the fore end of the plane gives the plane-bit a bite upon the wood with the slightest protrusion ofthe same.

In the use of a plane whose face is dressed in accordance with my improvement the operator will find that less exertion is required and more work is performed, from the fact that there is nothing to interfere with the bite of the bit upon the wood, whereas, with the ordinary plane, the face being a dead level from end to end, the bit must be projected beyond the face to a much greater extent to cut down the same depth of surface, and, owing to this greater protrusion of the bit there is more liability to catch and tear away the material when knots or cross grain intervenes, thus leaving the surface in a much rougher condition.

Having described my improvement and shown its construction and use, I desire to secure by Letters Patent the following claims thereon —

1. As an improved article of manufacture, a carpenter’s bench-plane provided with inserted metallic plates suitably secured in the face thereof, one, E, at and forming the fore edge of the mouth of the plane, and one, E’, at about one-third of the length of the plane from the rear end of the same, and dressing the fore and rear faces of the plane from said plates E and E’, as described, in combination with the plane A, wedge B. bit C, and cap D, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In combination with carpenters’ fore, jack, and smoothing planes, having their faces dressed as described, the plates E and E’ with one or more plates intermediate thereto, recessed in said plane-faces, and suitably secured therein, substantially as shown, and for the purpose set forth.

WILLIAM F. ACHENBACH.

Witnesses:
THOMAS P. KINSEY,
F. PIERCE HUMMEL.

No. 277,767 – Bench-Plane (Frank A. Mershon) (1883)

[paiddownloads id=”335″]277767

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FRANK A. MERSHON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 277,767, dated May 15, 1883.
Application filed March 1, 1883. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK A. MERSHON, a citizen ofthe United States, and a resident of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Molding-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of molding-planes in which a wooden stock is combined with a detachable sole-plate; and the object of my invention is to afford means for readily attaching the sole-plate to and detaching it from the stock, and for steadily retaining the former on the latter, as fully described hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved molding-plane, showing the sole-plate detached; Fig. 2, a transverse section, and Fig. 3 a longitudinal section of part of the plane.

The stock A of the plane is of wood and the sole-plate B of metal, the under side of this plate having such longitudinal ribs and grooves as the pattern of the molding to be planed may require. The sole-plate has at each end a transverse flange, a, and a longitudinal flange, b, fitted snugly in a recess in the stock, as shown in Fig. 2. There is at each end of the stock a spring-catch, D, for retaining the sole-plate, each catch consisting in the present instance of a spring, e, secured to the stock, and having a pin, d, for entering a hole in the transverse flange a. The stock, it should be understood, is cut away at each end to receive the said flange, and is further cut away to permit the free play of the spring, the flange being so rounded at the upper edge on the inner side that when the stock is applied to the sole-plate by depressing the former onto the latter the springs will yield without being manipulated, and will recoil when the stock reaches the plate, the pins entering the holes in the flanges, and thus holding the two parts of the plane together.

While the spring-retainers will suffice to hold the plate in place, I prefer, as an additional security, to use two set-screws, E, each provided with a head, f, constructed for the convenient turning of the screw by the finger and thumb, the stem of the screw passing through the stock, and its threaded end being adapted to a threaded projection, m, on the sole-plate. This projection is made tapering, and is adapted to an orifice of corresponding form in the under side of the stock. Even if no set-screws are used, I prefer to make these projections on the plate, as they facilitate the adjustment of the stock to its proper position on the plate, and serve as steady-pins for determining the proper lateral and longitudinal relation of the plate to the stock.

It will be seen that whenever a change in the pattern of the molding is required the plate can be readily detached to make way for another, the under side of which conforms with the desired molding, a change of plane irons or bits F being also required. The pins d are preferably tapered, so that they tend to draw the sole-plate firmly to its seat on the stock.

I claim as my invention —

1. A molding-plane in which a stock, A, provided at the ends with spring-catches, is combined with a sole-plate, B, having flanges a, constructed to be retained by the said catches of the stock, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of the stock A, and a detachable sole-plate having tapering projections adapted to it closely correspondingly-tapered orifices in the stock, and devices, substantially as described, for securing the plate to the stock, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of the stock A and its spring-catches with the flanged sole-plate and its tapering projections m, adapted to orifices in the stock, substantially as specified.

4. The combination ot the stock A, its spring-catches, the flanged sole-plate, and its tapering projections m, with the set-screws E.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRANK A. MERSHON.

Witnesses:
HARRY L. ASHENFELTER,
HARRY SMITH.

No. 258,971 – Reed-Plane (Frederick V. Yeager) (1882)

[paiddownloads id=”321″]258971

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FREDERICK V. YEAGER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

REED-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 258,971, dated June 6, 1882.
Application filed August 26, 1881. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK V. YEAGER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city and county of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reed-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved reed-plane. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the reverse side of the same. Figs. 3 and 4 are tranverse vertical sections, and Fig. 5 is an inverted plan of the same.

My invention has for its object to provide a plane for working reeds across the grain of wood. Heretofore such result has been obtained by means of a saw and chisel, and to produce a cluster of reeds by such means required great care and consumed much time and labor, thereby making the operation one of extreme tediousness and expense. With my improved plane, however, reeds can be worked across the grain of wood with ease and rapidity.

My invention consists in the novel construction and arrangement of the plane, as hereinafter more fully described.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, A represents the stock of the plane, B the hit thereof, and C the wedge for securing said bit in an opening in said stock. The bit B is formed with a projecting convex cutter, b, being outside ground, as shown at b’.

D D’ are cutters, passing through an opening, a, in the forward part of the plane, and are held therein by means of a wedge, E. Said cutters are placed a distance apart equal to the width of the reeds designed to be worked, and have their lower or cutting edges serrated, as shown at d.

F represents the sole of the plane, made in three sections, f f 1 f2. The sections f f2 are stationary. The section f1 is formed with a slot, f4, through which passes a screw, f5, into the stock A, as plainly shown in Fig. 4. By loosening said screw the section f1 may be adjusted to and from the cutting-edge of the bit B to regulate the thickness of the chip or shaving designed to be cut, so as to insure smoothness of working.

G is a gage, secured to stock A by pivoted links g g; and H is a thumb-screw passing through a curved or other suitable slot, g’, in the gage, and screws into the stock A, the effect whereof is that when said gage is raised or lowered, and the thumb-screw H turned, its head h will impinge against said gage, and will thereby retain the latter in its adjusted positions.

The operation is obvious, and as follows: In forming the first reed of a cluster the gage G is raised, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and the plane is moved to and fro across the grain of the wood. During each such forward movement the cutters D D’ scribe or cut two parallel lines in advance of the bit B, so that the cutting-edge of the latter merely removes the chip or shaving between the lines so formed by the cutters D D’. Consequently a smooth or unbroken reed can be formed across the grain of wood by such plane. After the first reed is worked the gage G is lowered by flrst loosening the thumb-screw H, which allows the gage to fall, whereupon it is held in such position by turning said screw until its head binds against the gage. The latter is then placed in the outside crevice of said first-formed reed, so that the latter forms a guide to assist in the working of the second reed. By such means each succeeding reed is formed parallel to its immediate predecessor, such operation being plainly illustrated in Fig. 4.

What I claim as my invention is —

1. In a plane for working reeds across the grain of wood, the combination of advance cutters D D’, having serrated cutting-edges d, plane-bit B, having convex cutter b, outside ground or bevel, b’, sole F, having adjustable section f1, and gage G, secured to the body of the plane by links g g, and provided with a thumb-screw, H, substantially as shown and described.

2. In a plane for working reeds across the grain of wood, the combination of main bit B, having convex cutter b, outside ground or bevel, b’, advance cutters D D’, provided with serrated cutting-edges d d, and adjustable sole-section f1, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 23d day of August, 1881.

FREDK. V. YEAGER.

Witnesses:
CHAS. W. HOPPLE,
GEORGE H. VANDEGRIFT.

No. 245,093 – One-Hand Plane (Isaac Reeder) (1881)

[paiddownloads id=”315″]245093

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ISAAC REEDER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ROBERT S. DUFF, OF SAME PLACE.

ONE-HAND PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 245,093, dated August 2, 1881.
Application filed May 26, 1881. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ISAAC REEDER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wood-Workers’ Finishing-Tools; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention is designed for finishing or smoothing moldings, &c., and may be variously shaped to suit the different conformations of the surfaces upon which it is used.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of one form of the invention. Fig. 2 is a side view of a niodided form of the invention. Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a side view of a portion of the tool, showing a further modification.

Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in the respective figures.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, A is a metal stock, the lower or operating face of which is, as viewed endwise or in transverse section, made convex or of other formation to suit the character of the work. The bed of the stock, or the surface upon which the plane-bit rests, is placed at the usual angle. The lower face of the stock is curved longitudinally, in order that the bit may be given the desired bite into the wood without shifting its position relatively to the stock.

B represents the bit, which is of a construction similar to that heretofore employed in planes, the bit being slotted and secured to the bed of the stock by a set-screw in a common manner. The cutting-edge of the bit is ground to the ordinary acute angle, and is made to conform to the transverse shape of the operating-face of the stock. The bit, as here shown, is not used. with a cover, but one may be used if desired, in which case the lower edge of the cover should be so formed as to be concentric with the cutting-edge of the bit, and fixed at a short distance above it to coincide with the steel face in the ordinary manner.

The front portion or lip of the stock is hollowed out at its upper surface, and the cavity thus formed may serve to collect the minute shavings which in the operation of the tool are passed through the aperture cut in the stock for the insertion of the bit; or it may serve as a rest for the finger or thumb of the operator, who can thus place a pressure on the lip of the stock and increase the bite of the bit.

At the rear of the stock is formed an ear or lug, to which the handle B is secured by a set-screw, b. This handle is adapted to be moved upon the screw as a pivot obliquely to the line of movement of the tool, and held in the required position.

In Fig. 2 the handle is shown solid with the stock, but in other respects the tool agrees with the description above given.

In Fig. 4 the lower or operating face of the stock is flat, the edge of the bit a, being necessarily of corresponding shape.

The tool is specially designed for finishing wood moldings, and when so employed may take the place of the round-nosed chisel and sand-paper at present commonly used. The tool may, however, be used with advantage in finishing other surfaces of soft material.

I claim as my invention —

As an improvement in tools for finishing or smoothing moldings, &c., a metallic stock whose front portion or lip is constructed to serve as a finger or thumb rest, combined with an adjustable bit, and a pivoted handle capable of horizontal adjustment obliquely to the line of movement of the tool, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ISAAC REEDER.

Witnesses:
J. SNOWDEN BELL,
GEORGE T. KELLY.

No. 230,088 – Bench-Plane (William T. Wainwright) (1880)

[paiddownloads id=”309″]230088

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM T. WAINWRIGHT, OF DRY SAWMILL, PENNSYLVANIA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 230,088, dated July 13, 1880.
Application filed April 28, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM T. WAINWRIGHT, of Dry Sawmill, in the county of Elk and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists in certain novel details of construction and arrangement of parts, whereby the same tool may be used for square-jointing, for beveling, and for rabbeting, as hereinafter particularly described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side view of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section taken in the line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section taken in the line y y of Fig. 2. Figs. 4. and 6 are views hereinafter referred to. Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10 are views of grooving and tonguing attachments as applied to my plane, hereinafter referred to.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The plane A, bit B, and handle C may be of the usual or any suitable description.

To the front end of the plane is attached (see Fig. 3) a block, D, which slides on tongue-and-groove dovetail ways arranged longitudinally of the plane, and may be adjusted nearer to or farther from the bit B, in order to regulate the size of the throat, by means of a thumb-screw, E, working through a standard, e, attached to the block D, and engaging with an internally-threaded standard, f attached to the plane A, and passing through a slot in the block.

To the left-hand side of the plane is hinged a bar, G, composed of two pieces connected by pins g. One end of each pin is fast to one of the pieces, and the remainder of its length is arranged to slide in a hole in the other piece transversely to a set-screw, lt, the point of which bears against the pin. By this means the bar may be widened or narrowed, to accommodate work of different widths.

To the plane A are attached two pairs of perforated lugs, i i, i i, which form bearings for lateral gudgeons extending from one end of each of two pins, K K, the remaining portion of each of which slides in a globe, l, provided with lateral gudgeons having their bearings in perforated lugs m, arranged in pairs and attached to the bar G, and each provided with a thumb-screw, N, the point of which bears against the pin K. By this means the bar G may be adjusted at an angle with relation to the plane, as shown in Fig. 5, so as to plane a bevel, as shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, or may be adusted at any other suitable angle; and when not in use it may be folded under the plane, as shown in Fig. 3.

On the right-hand side of the plane (see Fig. 3) is a recess, in which works a cutting-blade, P, regulated by a thumb-screw, Q, working in the handle C. On the outer side of the handle is a slotted gage, B, provided with a thumb-screw, S. By means of this cutting-blade P and the plane-bit B a rabbet (such as is shown in Fig. 4) may be cut, and the depth of cut is regulated by the gage R and screw S.

Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10 represent an attachment for making tongues and grooves. It consists of a bar, T, attached to the plane A by screw-bolts T2, provided with heads t.

The bar T carries a tonguing-bit, U, which may be changed for a grooving-bit. Both of said bits are held in place by a thumb-screw, u, which passes through a slot in the shank of a cutting-bit, V, provided with a thumb-screw, v, for adjusting it.

The bit V is intended to make a cut parallel with the line of travel of the tonguing or grooving bit and co-operate with said bit in removing the shavings. When this attachment is not in use it may be removed and laid aside by unscrewing the bolts T2.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. The combination, with the plane A, of the hinged bar G, lugs i and m, pins K, globes l, and screws N, fbr adjusting the plane for beveling, as herein shown and described.

2. The combination, with the plane A, of the rabbet-cutting blade P, screw Q, gage R, and screw S, as herein shown and described.

WM. TYLER WAINWRIGHT.

Witnesses:
GEORGE A. JOHNSON,
JOHN WAINWRIGHT.

No. 189,453 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (George Gocher) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”277″]189453

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE GOCHER, OF JOHNSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 189,453, dated April 10, 1877; application filed January 24, 1877.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE GOCHER, of Johnstown, in the county of Cambria, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bead-Planes; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in bead-planes; and it consists in a bit which has a bead running its entire length, and the devices by which the bit is secured to the stock, all of which will be more fully described hereinafter.

The accompanying drawings represent my invention. a represents the stock, which may be of the form here shown, or any other that may be preferred, and which has its lower edge so formed as to cut beads, or any other form of surface that may be preferred. Just in the rear of the opening through the lower edge of the stock, through which the end of the bit passes, is formed the inclined plane c, the top edge of which is shaped so as to fit the under side of the bit which rests upon it. Pivoted to the side of the stock is a clamp, d, which is pressed down upon the top of the bit by means of a set-screw, e. thereby serving to hold the bit in any position in which it may be clamped.

The bit i is made of a thin sheet of steel of even temper throughout, rolled or otherwise formed so as to correspond to the bead or other form of work required. As the groove is made in the under side of the bit its entire length, as soon as it becomes dull it is only necessary to remove it and sharpen it as they would any other tool, without the trouble of drawing its temper or having to form the groove, whereby a great deal of time and trouble is saved. By thus forming the bit, not only for this but other kinds of work, they can be made much more cheaply and can be used their entire length.

I am aware that a cutter-head for planing-machines, having circular beveled cutting edge, is not new, and this I disclaim. My invention is confined to bits for planes alone. and whereby the bit can he readily and easily sharpened and used its entire length as it wears away.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

The combination of a bit, i, made from a single sheet of metal, and having a bead rolled its entire length, with the stock a, having the inclines c and clamp d, and a set-screw, e, substantially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 17th day of January, 1877.

GEORGE GOCHER.

Witnesses:
T. F. LEIGH,
THOMAS PENDRY.

No. 181,649 – Improvement In Plane-Irons (Henry Disston) (1876)

[paiddownloads id=”267″]181649

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY DISSTON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-IRONS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 181,649, dated August 29, 1876; application filed April 29, 1876.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY DISSTON, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Plane-Irons, of which the following is a specification:

The object of my invention is to so construct a plane-bit that it may be more readily and truly ground and sharpened than ordinary edge-tools of this class, a further object of my invention being economy in the consumption of material in making the tools.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 represents a front view of a plane-bit made according to my invention; Fig. 2, a section on the line 1 2; Fig. 3, a transverse section on the line 3 4; Fig. 4, a modification of Fig. 3.

The plane-bit A (shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3) has a series of parallel grooves or indentations, a, on that side from which the tool is beveled to a sharp edge, the grooves being of such a depth that they will extend into the beveled portion d, as shown. With the exception of these grooves or indentations the plane bit is similar to those of ordinary construction; and, as it is no thicker than usual, the ribs between the grooves impart the desired rigidity, While less material is consumed an its manufacture than in making common bits.

The grinding of the beveled edge of a bit thus constructed can be more readily accomplished than that of an ordinary bit, for the reason that there is less metal to remove, and it is much easier to grind truly an indented surface than one without grooves, as will be readily understood by those familiar with grinding operations.

The plane-bit can be readily manufactured by means of two dies, one being flat, for the flat face of the bit, the other having ribs corresponding with the desired indentations, and the two dies being used in connection with any ordinary drop press.

It is not essential that the indentations or grooves and intervening ribs should be of the precise shape shown in the sectional view, Fig. 3. They may, for instance, be of the form shown in Fig. 4, with good results as regards the facility of grinding, sharpening, and economizing of material.

I claim as my invention —

As a new article of manufacture, a plane-bit having grooves or indentations on its beveled side, as specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this speciiication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY DISSTON.

Witnesses:
A. H. SHOEMAKER,
GEO. S. GAUDY.