Tag: 1875

No. 168,431 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Justus A. Traut And Henry Richards) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”255″]168431

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT AND HENRY RICHARDS, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONN.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 168,431, dated October 5, 1875; application filed June 15, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JUSTUS A. TRAUT and HENRY RICHARDS, both of New Britain, county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and to enable others skilled in the art to make the same we will proceed to describe them, referring to the drawings, in which the same letters indicate like parts in each of the figures.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 is an end view taken from the front.

The object of the present invention is to produce a plane with a wrought-metal stock or shell of suitable shape and form to possess all the needed strength and stiffness at the points of greatest strain, and yet be neat and serviceable in all the details and particulars of its construction; and to this end it consists in swaging or stamping said stock or shell from a blank or sheet of wrought metal, properly cut so as to afford strong sides and stiff angles, and in combining therewith a suitable body or filling, all as will now be more fully and particularly set out and explained.

In the accompanying drawings the wrought-metal stock or shell is indicated by the letter a; the wooden portion or filling of the plane is marked by letter b. This metal stock or shell is made from or of a piece of wrought metal, which is first cut according to suitable pattern of proper shape and size.

When thus prepared the same is placed over a die, and forced or compressed into the desired shape by a drop-hammer or power-press, thereby easily producing the desired shapes with rigid corners or angles in the stock or shell.

It will be seen that we prepare this form that the metal on a line with the opening where the cutting-iron is inserted shall be sufficiently wide to make broad and strong sides, wide enough, when shaped as above described, to come nearly or quite to the top of the wood.

The filling of the plane may be fastened or secured thereto in any convenient or usual way. By giving this breadth of metal and this shape to the stock or shell in this manner, and attaching it to the filling as described, the parts may be firmly united, and all tendency of the metal to yield or spring is entirely obviated.

The process of manufacture is very easily carried out, and need not be described any more at length in order to be fully understood by persons skilled in this manufacture.

Hitherto planes have been made with a cast-metal stock or shell, and various shapes and forms of them have been so constructed; but, so far as we have any knowledge of the art, none of these show the particular features now considered novel.

Planes have also been made having iron or steel soles, with flange edges sufficiently high to afford space to fasten them to the wooden sides of the plane; but we do not claim any such.

Having thus described our invention, what we consider new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination of the wrought-metal stock or shell a, having two broad and strong sides, a a’, with a suitable filling, b, substantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.
HENRY RICHARDS.

Witnesses:
R. R. BLISS,
JEREMY W. BLISS.

No. 167,943 – Improvement In Plane-Guides (Walter S. Shipe) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”254″]167943

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WALTER S. SHIPE, OF MINERVA, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-GUIDES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 167,943, dated September 21, 1875; application filed August 14, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER S. SHIPE, of Minerva, in the county of Stark and State of Ohio, have invented an Improvement in Plane-Guides, of which the following is a specification:

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 represents an end view of my improved plane-guide, and Fig. 2 a side view of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

My invention has for its object to so improve the plane-guide for which a patent has been granted to me under date of January 6, 1874, and numbered 146,208, that it will work more steadily and accurately, and be readily set to any desired angle.

The invention consists, mainly, of a recessed handle-extension of the yoke part in connection with a slotted arc-piece of the guide-strip connecting plate, the arc-piece being pivoted to the yoke, and set by a clamp-screw thereto. A wire key with bent end is inserted into a hole of the guide-strip for being readily available for turning the clamping-screw nuts.

In the drawing, A represents a plane, to which the yoke B is attached in the customary manner by a clamping-screw at one end, and flanged side extensions at the opposite end. The yoke B is cast at the end below the flanges with a handle-extension, E, that is centrally recessed tor the slotted arc-piece D, which forms, with its guide-plate D1, the connection with the guide-strip C. The slotted arc D extends at right angles from guide-plate D1, and is inserted and pivoted at its center in the handle-extension E. A set-screw, E’, passes through the perforations of the handle E and the slot of the arc-piece for the purpose adjusting the sliding arc to any required angle. The outer circumference of the arc-piece D is graduated, so that the same may be directly set with the guide-strip C to any required degree of inclination toward the plane. The guide-plate D1 is slotted and adjusted in a recess of the guide-strip C, nearer to, or farther from, the plane by a set-screw, D2. A key, F, of strong wire, with bent end is inserted into a socket-hole of guide-strip C, being slightly curved at its longer part to be retained there in with a certain tension without falling out, the shorter bent end serving as handle to withdraw it from the guide-strip. The wire key F is inserted into perforations of the heads of the set-screws, so that they can be easily loosened or tightened, while the key may be securely put away into the socket-hole of the guide-strip without getting lost. The key is thus always at hand tor use for setting the plane-guide, which is steadily and firmly adjusted in the handle-extension or socket-piece of the yoke.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The combination, with a guide-strip, C, of plane-clamping yoke B, having recessed extension E, the pivotted slotted arc-piece D, and the clamp-screw E’, as and for the purpose specified.

WALTER S. SHIPE.

Witnesses:
JOHN BREIDENSTEIN,
A. N. BOORY.

No. 167,772 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Matthias C. Mayo) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”253″]167772

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MATTHIAS C. MAYO, OF BOSTON , MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO J.
GARDNER WELD, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 167,772, dated September 14, 1875; application filed July 14, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MATTHIAS C. MAYO, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a plane constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section on the line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line z z of Fig. 2 ; Fig. 6, sectional detail.

My invention relates to that class of metallic planes for which Letters Patent of the United States were granted to Russell Phillips, August 13, 1867.

In these planes the adjustable gage which regulates the distance of the cutter from the edge of the work is supported upon a horizontal arm and secured, when adjusted, by a thumb-screw, the lower end of which enters a longitudinal groove or channel on the upper side of the arm.

This construction is, however, objectionable, as the point of the screw soon becomes worn, so that the gage cannot be securely confined upon the arm, and the tool becomes shaky; furthermore, the sides of the groove in the arm are liable to be indented by the screw, a ragged edge being thus produced, which interferes with the free movement of the gage.

The first part of my invention has for its object to remedy these difliculties; and consists in providing the sliding gage with a clamping device, which embraces the horizontal arm, and slides thereon with a spline or feather, by which construction any shifting of the gage, while the tool is being used, is effectually prevented.

My invention also consists in the peculiar construction of the gage by which the depth of the cut is regulated, this gage extending the entire or the greater portion of the length of the tool, and being provided with a clamping-screw near each end, the plate to which it is secured having a graduated scale at or near each end, by which means the tool is held perfectly level, and prevented from being tipped up at one end, as is liable to occur when the gage is placed just in front of the cutter, as heretofore, and the formation of a groove or out of equal depth throughout its entire length is thus insured.

My invention also consists in constructing the bottom plate of the plane with a lip or flange instead of with a square edge, as heretofore, the curvature of this lip corresponding to that of a portion of the edge of a bead-cutter of any size, the lip or flange serving as a guide for the cutter as soon as it begins to act, causing it to cut more gradually and smoothly than heretofore, and with less expenditure of power, thus forming a more perfect bead, while the narrow edge of the lip or flange admits of the formation of a wide bead with a narrow “quirk” or fillet, which it has not heretofore been possible to do with any tool made to cut beads of different widths.

My invention also consists in the peculiar construction of the lower end of the pivoted clamping-lever, which holds the cutter in place, whereby the clogging of the throat is effectually prevented.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the manner in which I have carried it out.

In the said drawings, A represents the stock of the plane, which is formed of metal; B, the handle; and C, the bottom or sword plate. From one side of the stock A projects a horizontal arm or beam, D, which is held firmly in place by means of a screw-nut, a. Upon this arm D slides the metallic gage E, by adjusting the position of which the distance of the cutter b from the edge of the work may be regulated, as desired.

The gage is provided with a bracket, E’, supporting at its upper end a clamp, c, formed with a bearing, c’, and spline e, adapted to receive and embrace the longitudinal arm D. The upper portion of the clamp c, at c”, is cut through and provided with an extension, c”’, through which a tightening-screw, d, passes and engages with a corresponding extension, c””, formed on the bracket E’ and lower portion of the clamp-beaning c.

The gage is prevented from turning on the arm by the feather e on the arm D, which fits into a groove, f formed in the under side of the clamp; and by this device the gage is held rigidly upon the arm, and all liability of its position being changed while the tool is in use is effectually prevented; furthermore, when the screw d is loosened the gage E is always free to slide upon the arm D, which is not the case where the clamping-screw enters a groove in the arm, as heretofore.

The depth of the cut is regulated by an elongated gage, G, which is placed on one side of the plate C, and extends nearly its entire length.

From this gage project two vertical plates, g h, the plate g having a slot, i, through which passes a clamping-screw, k, and the plate h being provided with a clamping-screw, l, which passes through a slot, m, in the stock, and enters a slide, n, on the opposite side thereof, this slide having at its bottom a horizontal plate, P, which also serves as a gage, and, in connection with the gage G, effectually prevents the plane from being rocked laterally while in use, which would cause the opposite sides of the groove being cut to be of unequal depth; and, by means of the screws k l, the gages G P can be readily secured at any desired distance from the bottom of the plate G, so as to determine the degree of penetration of the cutter into the wood, the adjustment of the gage G being greatly facilitated by a graduated scale, q, near each end of the plate C.

By the employment of an elongated gage, G, extending the entire, or nearly the entire, length of the plate C, instead of a short gage placed just in front of the cutter, as heretofore, the operator is enabled to hold the tool perfectly level, and all liability of its being tipped up at one end, as was liable to occur with the old construction, is entirely avoided, and the formation of a groove or cut of equal depth throughout its entire length is thus insured.

The gage E is provided with a recess, r, for the reception of the gage P, which would otherwise prevent the gage E from being brought up as close to the plate C as might be desired.

The bottom of the plate C, instead of being made with a square edge, as heretofore, is formed with a projecting lip or flange, s, the curvature of which corresponds to that of a portion of the edge of a bead-cutter when secured in place, as seen in Fig. 6.

When a cutter of this description is employed, it is secured so as to project out on the inner side only of the plate G, as seen in Fig. 6, the cutting-points of the iron extending slightly below the bottom of the lip s, which thus serves as a guide for the cutter as soon as it commences to act, and also prevents the cutter from being forced deeply into the wood, as heretofore, which produces a rough and ragged edge, and the bead is thus caused to be cut gradually and smoothly and more perfectly than heretofore, and with less expenditure of power.

Any sized bead-cutter may be employed, and it will be seen that the narrow edge of the lip s will admit of the formation of a wide bead with a narrow quirk or fillet, which has heretofore been impracticable with any tool made to cut beads of various widths.

The cutter or iron b, which may be of any size or description desired, its into an inclined way, t, made to receive it, and is securely held by a clamping-lever, H, pivoted at 10 to the stock A.

Passing through the upper end of this lever is a thumb-screw, u, the lower end of which bears against the enlarged outer end of a spring-plate, v, secured to the under side of the lever, this plate, as the screw is turned, being brought down onto the upper end of the cutter, the further turning of the screw causing the lever H to be rocked in such manner as to bring its straight edge w firmly down upon the cutter at or near its center, the cutter being still further steadied in place by a groove in its under side, which fits over the edge 12 at the bottom of the way t.

The lever H thus admits of a cutter of any width or thickness being readily secured in place, while the enlarged end of the spring-plate v affords an extended bearing, so that the pressure of the screw may be exerted upon the entire width of the cutter.

The lower end of the lever H is provided with a concave or spoon-shaped enlargement, a’, arranged in such manner that it will receive the shavings as they issue through the throat b’ from the cutter b, and conduct the same sidewise clear of the upper surface of the throat, thereby effectually preventing any clogging of the throat by reason of the shavings accumulating above the same, as is the case with planes constructed in the usual manner.

On the side of each cutter is a pin, c’, by which it may be readily inserted, removed, or adjusted.

When the gage E and arm D are removed, which can be easily done, the plane can be ured as a dado, groover, rabbet, bead, V, or round plane, by merely inserting a cutter of the desired shape.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The divided clamp c, provided with bearing c’, slot f, and clamping-screw d, adapted to hold and embrace the arm D of a stock, A, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with the sword-plate C, provided with a lip or flange, s, of the cutter b, pivoted clamping-lever H, provided with concave enlargement a’ and adjustable gage E, substantially as shown and described.

Witness my hand this 6th day of July, A.D. 1875.

MATTHIAS O. MAYO

In presence of —
N. W. STEARNS,
P. E. TESCHEMACHER.

No. 159,865 – Improvement In Block-Planes (Justus A. Traut) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”237″]159865

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN BLOCK-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 159,865, dated February 16, 1875; application filed November 13, 1874.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, of New Britain, county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvement in Block-Planes, for carpenters or workers in wood; and to enable others skilled in the art to make the same I will proceed to describe it, referring to the drawing, in which the same letters indicate like parts.

The nature of this invention consists of an adjusting device, arranged at the back end of the stock, operated by a screw thumb-nut, to extend or withdraw the edge of the cutting-iron from the mouth or face of the plane; also, in firmly securing the cutting-iron, by means of a pad-lever and set-screw, arranged intermediate between the backend of said pad and the cutting-iron.

In the accompanying drawing, a is the plane-stock. d are inclined ribs, or cutting-iron supports, upon which the cutting-iron c is securely held and adjusted in the stock for use. b is an elongated perforated sliding plate, fitted closely, and slides freely in recess e, between and nearly flush with the upper edges of the incline ways or supports d. Said cutting-iron is provided with a fastening-pin, f which projects from the under side, and enters one of the orifices g. h is an extension or contracting bar, connected to the back end ofthe sliding plate b by a hinge-joint. It has a screw-thread, j, cut on its outer end, and is provided with a swivel screw-threaded thumb-nut, k, the swivel recess of which is secured in the stud m, so that by turning the thumb-nut k the cutting-iron c may be extended or withdrawn from the mouth of the plane, and be secured firmly in the desired position by a pad-lever, n, secured in the stock by, and oscillates on, a fulcrum-pin o, and compresses the front end of the cutting-iron c firmly to its bearing-surface by means of a thumb-screw, p, arranged in the back end, and intermediate between the lever-pad fn. and the face-surface of the cutting-iron c, entirely out of the way ot’ the operator’s hand. l is a finger-pad, for the forefinger to rest upon while in the hand in use.

It will be seen that great advantage is derived irom this improvement in adjusting or setting the iron to a proper cut, avoiding the usual annoyance of using a hammer or other tool in adjusting the cutting-iron, and in securing it in place.

It will be further seen that by arranging the set-screw p intermediate between the end of the pad n and the cutting-iron there will be no hinderance or obstruction to prevent the palm ofthe hand bearing easily and naturally upon the pad.

I am aware of the devices described in patents No. 144,828, of 1873, and 81,425, of 1868, and do not claim either; but

What I do claim is —

In a plane, substantially as herein described, the cutting-iron having a fixed fastening-pin, and the perforated sliding plate, with the thumb-screw and bar, by which the iron may be adjusted, and the thumb-screw and pad, by which it may be fastened in position, all combined and constructed to operate as set forth.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT. [L. S.]

Witnesses:
ROALD ARENTZ,
JEREMY W. BLISS.

No. 160,132 – Improvement In Planes (George L. Weaver) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”238″]160132

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE L. WEAVER, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 160,132, dated February 23, 1875; application filed May 23, 1874.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE L. WEAVER, of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and valuable Improvement in Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings making a part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 of the drawing is a representation of a sectional view of plane, and Fig. 2 is an end view of the same. Figs. 3 are detail views.

This invention has relation to hand-planes; and it consists in a novel construction of the stock-frame, having stationary inclined beds, and the adjustable wedge having its upper beveled surface parallel with the cutting-iron, as hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the annexed drawings, A designates a metal plane-stock, which is constructed with two sides or cheeks, B B, the outer faces of which are perpendicular to the sole of the plane, as shown in Fig. 2. C designates the plane iron or bit, which is supported upon an adjustable bed, D, and a stationary bed, F, and which is rigidly secured thereupon by means of a clamp, G, which is pivoted to cheeks B, at g, and provided with a set-screw, g’. The bed D is wedge-shaped, with an angle coincident to that of the stationary bed F, and parallel with the plane or cutting iron, and is adjustable by means of a screw, E, which adjustment will allow the throat or mouth a to be enlarged or diminished as circumstances require. At the same time the wedge D aftbrds a rigid support for the plane-iron near its lower cutting-edge b. F’ represents a standard, extending upward from the stock, and having its upper end beveled at d, directly opposite the set-screw g’ ofthe clamp, to aftord a bearing-surface for the upper portion of the cutting-iron C. By this construction the cutting-iron C is firmly secured at its lower and upper edges to the inclined beds F d by means of the clamp G and set-screw g’, as shown in Fig. 1.

I am aware that a wedge arranged between the cutting-iron and the bed of the stock, operated by a screw to adjust the cutting-iron, is not new, and therefore I do not claim such invention, broadly; but

What I claim as new is —

The hand-plane herein described, having the stationary inclined beds F d, the adjustable wedge-shaped bed D, having an angle coincident with that of the bed F, and a beveled surface parallel with the cutting-iron C, and affording, with the bed d, a rigid support for the same, and the clamp G, with its set-screw g’, all combined for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE L. WEAVER.

Witnesses:
FREDERICK EBERLE,
EUGENE D. FISK.

No. 161,213 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Asahel H. Dean) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”239″]161213

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ASAHEL H. DEAN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 161,213, dated March 23, 1875; application filed January 30, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ASAHEL H. DEAN, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

The main object of my invention is to so construct a plane having a metal body or frame as to admit of the ready withdrawal, replacing, and adjustment of the plane-bit, and this object I attain in the manner which I will now proceed to describe, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a vertical section of my improved plane; Fig. 2, perspective view of the lever-clamp; Fig. 3, a perspective view of the plane; and Fig. 4, views illustrating part of my invention.

The body of the plane consists of the base A and two side pieces or cheeks, B and B’, the whole being, in the present instance, cast in one piece. The handle E of the plane and the knob F are secured to the base A by screws, in the manner shown in Fig. 1. The plane iron or bit C, which is of the usual construction, and has the usual cap plate h’, bears against a projection, j, of the wooden handle and against a shoulder, i, on the base, the cutting-edge of the bit projecting through a slot in the said base in the ordinary manner, and the bit being confined to its place by a lever-clamp, H, best observed in the perspective views, Figs. 2, 3, and 4. This clamp has on one side a segmental projection adapted to a circular opening in the cheek B, and on the opposite side a ring, f, adapted to a segmental groove, h, formed in the outer face of the cheek B. The projection e and ring f constitute the pivots or fulcrums of the lever-clamp, the upper end of which is caused to bear on the cap-plate by a set-screw, d, in a manner too clearly indicated by the drawing to need description, and to confine the bit to the shoulder on the base and the projection j of the handle.

After loosening the set~screw d, and thereby releasing from its bearings the lever-clamp H, the latter can be removed laterally, its projection e from the cheek B and its ring f from the segmental recess of the cheek B’, thereby permitting the plane-bit to be withdrawn, the clamp being as readily introduced into its place and secured after the adjustment of the plane-bit.

The bearing of the bit on the wooden handle E is an important feature of my invention, for the wood presents a surface to which the bit can be more firmly secured without danger of slipping, when the plane is subjected to accidental jars, than a metal surface.

I claim as my invention —

I. A plane in which the bit is confined to its bearings by a lever-clamp, H, constructed for connection to, and lateral withdrawal from, the frame or body of the plane, substantially in the manner described.

2. The clamp H, its set-screw d, projection e, and ring f, in combination with the cheek B, having an opening adapted to the said projection, and the cheek B, having a segmental recess adapted to the said ring, all substantially as set forth.

3. A plane having a metal body or frame, a wooden handle, and a retaining-screw, or its equivalent, between which and the handle the plane-bit is clamped, all substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ASAHEL H. DEAN.

Witnesses:
HUBERT HOWSON,
HARRY SMITH.

No. 161,516 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (William Johnstone) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”240″]161516

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM JOHNSTONE, OF MONTREAL, CANADA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF HIS RIGHT TO WILLIAM WHITEHEAD ROBERTSON, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 161,516, dated March 30, 1875; application filed March 1, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM JOHNSTONE, of the city and district of Montreal, in the Province of Quebec, in the Dominion of Canada, pattern-maker, have invented an Improvement on Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

My invention relates to the adjustment of the plane-iron by means of a nut working on a screw, so that by simply turning the nut the plane-iron is drawn into or pushed out irom the body of the plane, and when at the desired place is held there firmly by a catch in the shape of an eccentric or cam, reference being had to the annexed drawings, where similar letters indicate like parts, and where —

Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of an iron plane embodying my invention. Fig. 2 represents a plan of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents a modification adapting it to wooden planes.

Letter A is the body of the plane, having two cross-bars or partitions, B B, formed in it, extending up to the under side of the plane-iron C, and of such height that the plane-iron is supported at the proper angle. In the bars B B, and extending from one to the other, is fixed, by any suitable means, a screw, D, on which is a flat nut, E, having its edge milled to adord a better hold and prevent the fingers or thumb of the person using it from slipping. This nut E passes through the slit F in the plane-iron C, and projects a short distance beyond it. The plane-iron C is held fast by the cam G. This cam is turned on the pin h by means of the handle i, and when in the position shown in the drawings by firm lines the projecting part k presses tight on the plane-iron C, and holds it firmly against the bars B B and the beveled edge of the hole l.

When it is desired to adjust the plane-iron the cam G is thrown up into the position shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 1. The plane-iron C is now free to be moved, which is done by placing the thumb or finger on the projecting part of the nut E and turning it round. This causes it to move up or down the screw D, and its side being in contact with the side of the slit F in the plane-iron C compels it to move in the same direction with it. When in the required position the cam G is turned down and holds it there.

The plane-iron C is provided with one or more additional slits, F’, to be used when it becomes shorter by the wearing away of its cutting-edge.

The modification shown in Fig. 3 consists of the piece H, of any suitable configuration, firmly secured to the wooden body of the plane in place of the bars B B to carry the screw D;
the remainder of the parts being the same as above described in connection with planes having bodies of iron, with the exception that a passage is cut through the projecting part k of the cam G, to allow the nut n. to pass when the plane-iron C is worn short.

By these arrangements I am enabled to adjust the plane-iron with greater nicety, and more easily and expeditiously than by the old method.

What I claim as my invention is —

The plane A, having bars B B, in combination with screw D, nut E, and plane-iron C, having slits F and F’, substantially as and for the purposes described.

WILLIAM JOHNSTONE.

Witnesses:
C. G. C. SIMPSON,
E. L. STILWELL.

No. 161,609 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Thomas Hagerty) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”241″]161609

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS HAGERTY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO JOHN ALFRED PICKERSGILL, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 161,609, dated April 6 , 1875; application filed December 2, 1874.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS HAGERTY, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, in which the figure is a view of my improvement, the side of the plane-stock being broken away, so as to show the construction of the several parts as they appear in the stock.

The object of my invention is to improve the construction of bench-planes, so that the bit may be conveniently placed out of the way of the hand, held firmly on its bed, and the cutting-edge of the plane-iron be more readily adjusted with reference to the bottom surface of the plane-stock. To this end the invention consists in the combination and arrangement of the devices employed, all as hereinafter described.

In the drawing, A is the plane-stock, made to receive a semicircular bed-block, B. The bed-block rests on projections cast on the bottom of the plane-stock, and is secured to it by screws a a, which pass through oblong holes, which are intended for adjusting the mouth of the stock. C is the plane-iron, bent to conform to the same circle as the bed-block, and is provided with a cap, D, bent to conform to the plane-iron, and secured to it by a clamp-screw, b. The cap iron is slotted crossvvise at its upper end to receive the flange of the adjusting-nut E, and a hole is made through it in front of the clamp-screw b to receive the screw a2, which secures the top clamp F, cap D, and plane-iron C to bed-block B. The clamp F is of a smaller circle than the plane-iron, so that both ends rest on the cap and hold the parts firmly to the bed-block. The adjusting-nut E traverses a male screw, b’, which is set on an incline, so that the flange enters the notch in the cap-iron, and is also provided with a slot in front for applying a screwdriver to operate the bit. The same construction of bit may be applied to scraper-plane by raising the semicircular bed-block to the proper height, and making the bit so as to conform to its circle.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination of the plane-stock A with the bed-block B, semicircular bit C, cap D, and adjusting-nut E, provided with screw b, all constructed and operating substantially as herein shown and described.

THOMAS HAGERTY.

Witnesses:
W. G. TUCK,
WM. RUTHERFORD.

No. 161,701 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (John E. Norwood) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”242″]161701

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN E. NORWOOD, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 161,701, dated April 6, 1875; application filed February 13, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN E. NORWOOD, of Boston, Suffolk county, Massachusetts, have invented a new and Improved Bench-Plane, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same, and Fig. 3 a detail top view of the cutting-iron.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The invention will first be fully described, and then pointed out in the claim.

A represents a block plane-stock, of the usual construction, and B the cutting-iron used therein. The stock A is provided with side openings C, through which the cutting-iron B, which is made with side extensions B’, as shown in Fig. 3, is permitted to pass out flush with the outside of the stock. The cutting-iron B is rigidly fastened and adjusted in the customary manner to the stock, and allows of the use ofthe plane for cutting rabbets, or as a block plane, for truing up miter-joints or cutting across the ends of the wood.

The cutting-iron is set, as usual in these kinds of planes, at an acute angle to the bottom or face of the stock, and with the bevel at the upper side instead of at the under side, as in most planes.

The combined plane performs equally well the work of a block-plane and of a rabbet-plane, and is, therefore, of great advantage to wood-workers as a compact and effective implement.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The combination of a stock, having guide-edges on each side, with openings C C and a plane-iron, B, having extensions B’, as and for the purpose described.

JOHN E. NORWOOD.

Witnesses:
ORAMEL B. SCOFIELD,
JAMES H. BONKS.

No. 162,710 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Elliot G. Storke) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”243″]162710

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ELLIOT G. STORKE, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 162,710, dated April 27, 1875; application filed January 6, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELLIOT G. STORKE, of Auburn, New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a specification:

My improvements relate to setting and fastening the bits of planes, and also to means for giving to bench-planes a metallic and adjustable throat-piece.

The nature of my invention can best be explained by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical central section of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the same with the plane-iron fastener and bit removed. Fig. 3, 4, 5, are views of detached parts hereinafter described. The plane represented is one with a metal top and wooden face.

A is the lever by which the bit is set or adjusted to cut fine or coarse shavings, and Y its upward-projecting point; B, the standards which support the upper end of the bit B’; C, the journals of the said lever A, said journals resting in bearings cut in projections on the front of standards B, in which bearings the journals have a lateral or end-wise play. L L are two grooves cut on the interior opposite sides of the frame or plane-body, for the reception of lugs D’ of the plane-iron fastener D, shown in perspective in Fig. 3. The lugs are on the sides of the fastener and near its longitudinal center, and at its rear end is the thumb-screw. F is the cap and G the screw of an ordinary plane-iron, the screw-head being countersunk at at to receive the globular point Y of the lever A. s is a blank screw-hole tapped in the cap, into which the said cap-screw can be removed when it becomes necessary, by the wearing away of the wooden face of the plane, if such be used, to raise the cutting-iron.

The devices thus far described for fastening and setting the bit are operated as follows: The lever A is placed in its bearings in the standards B; the cap is screwed in the usual way upon an ordinary plane-iron, and the recess in the screw-head laid upon the point Y. When so laid the bit is upon its bearings, and the point Y fits neatly the recess a in the cap. The lugs D’ of the fastener are now placed in the grooves L L and the thumb-screw E tightened, which binds the bits to its bearings with more or less firmness, according to the pressure given by the screw.

The lugs D’ of the plane-iron fastener are introduced into the inclined grooves L L at the lower and open ends of the latter. The upper ends of said grooves are shouldered or closed, as seen in the drawing. The thick heel of the plane-iron, when drawn back, tends to force the fastener upward. This movement in time has the effect of smoothing the surfaces of contact of the lugs and grooves, thus increasing the liability of the fastener to work upward in the grooves. To remedy this difficulty l shoulder or close the grooves at their upper ends, as shown, thus preventing liability of the fastener becoming disengaged from the grooves. The long arm of the lever A is immediately under and within easy reach of the fingers of the workman, while grasping the plane-handle, and by raising or lowering it the adjustments of the bits are quickly and easily made, under the firmest pressure of the screw. I so construct the lever with a central hub bearing accurately-turned journals at its ends, with the spherical point Y rising upward from its center, and from which extends the long arm toward the plane-handle, that all its parts, being in one piece, are wrought with much greater facility, accuracy, and economy, and placed and maintained in position more easily and firmly than if separate pieces were employed in its construction, and so also that its journals have a free and accurate lateral or sidewise movement, by which the upper end of the bit, when fastened, can be so pushed to right or left as to square its cutting-edge with the face of the plane. By connecting the spherical point Y with the screw-heads of double plane-irons, I obtain not only a very cheap, but a very efficient means of adjusting them, for these screw-heads always maintain, practically, the same position, relatively to the cutting-edge of the bit, and can be countersunk at a merely nominal cost. The sweep of the long arm of the lever A carries the point Y through a sufficient arc to give the required adjustment to the bit, and a leverage of such power that the adjustment is easily made.

As this device for fastening and setting the bits of planes can be applied with equal facility to metallic planes, and to those having metallic tops and wooden faces, I provide for the wearing away of the latter by tapping the said cap a second time at s, into which, as the face of the plane wears away, the said screw can be removed, and in that way the bit can be worked higher up.

The metallic and adjustable section or throat-piece is shown detached in Fig. 5. I is the flat surface thereof, accurately milled on its sides to fit ways or guides out on each of the inner sides of the said frames or plane-body, on its upper face and immediately forward of the bit. K is the vertical portion thereof, which, when the said section is in place, projects downward to and directly in front of the bit, as seen in Fig. 1, having the same width as the latter, and its lower edge precisely in line with the face of the plane, thus forming a metallic throat-piece to keep down the grain, and to prevent wear from the friction of the shavings. To hold the said section in place a hub, M, is formed on the upper front face of the plane, so placed thereon as to enter along oval aperture, b, in said section, when the latter is in position. The said hub is tapped to receive a screw cut on the lower end of the shank of the knob N; or, if a knob be not used, the section may be held in place by a thumb or other screw, such screws having suitable washers. By driving the said screw the section is firmly held at the point desired, and loosened by a backward turn thereof. The said section is applied to an ordinary wooden plane by screwing a nut in the upper front face thereof, at the point occupied by the said hub M, as above described, and employed for the same purpose; or a plate may be formed to screw thereon, containing the hub M and the ways to guide the said section, effecting precisely the same edect in wooden planes as in those of iron, or in those with wooden faces.

As this section and throat-piece can be applied with facility and cheapness to common wooden planes and to iron planes at much less cost than the prevailing method of bedding the section in the face of the plane, its utility and importance must be manifest. No plane works well unless that part of the face in front of the bit is true and perfect, so that it will press down the wood as the bit cuts it; and in line work that pressure must be very close to the edge of the bit. Now, in wooden planes, the friction of the shavings, and of the work over which they are moved, very soon wears them away at the throat, so as to compel their frequent refacing, and supplying temporary wooden throat-pieces. My device gives to them at once a metallic throat-piece, which will permanently endure the necessary friction to which it is exposed, and also an adjustable one, by which the plane may instantly be adapted to fine or coarse work.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The setting-lever, provided with journals which rest in fulcrum-bearings on the front of the plane-iron standards, and have lateral play in said bearings, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with the conntersunk or recessed screw-head of a double plane-iron, of the journaled setting-lever engaging with its shorter arm the recessed screw-head, substantially as herein shown and set forth.

3. The metallic section or throatpiece applied to and movable and adjustable upon the upper face ofthe plane-body, as described, and formed with a vertical portion projecting downward through the plane body to form the front of the throat, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 26th day of December, A. D. 1874.

ELLIOT G. STORKE.

Witnesses:
FRED. E. STORKE,
H. L. STORKE.

No. 164,350 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Thomas H. Wall) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”244″]164350

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS H. WALL, OF NEW BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 164,350, dated June 8, 1875; application filed April 20, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS H. WALL, of New Bedford, county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming part hereof.

My invention consists in a screw set in the bed of the plane, and extending upward in a line perpendicular to the surface of said bed, through a slot in the plane-iron and a slot in the break-iron, together with a thumb-nut arranged to turn down upon the screw, whereby the plane-iron, when adjusted, may be held securely in place.

Figure 1 is a plan of a plane embodying my invention.

A is the bed of the plane. S is the screw, made preferably with the post a at its upper end, by means of which it may, with a suitable key or wrench, be screwed securely into the bed A, as shown, so that it will extend upward in a line perpendicular to the surface of the bed. P is the plane-iron, formed with the slot b. B is the break-iron, which I make with the slot c in its upper end, as shown. When the plane-iron and break-iron are adjusted in place upon the bed A the screw S will project through the slot b in the former and slot c in the latter, the line of its axis being at right angles with, and perpendicular to, the surface of the irons. T is a thumb-nut, arranged to turn down upon the screw S until it presses tightly against the upper surface of the break-iron, as shown.

Now, it is evident that by means of these devices, as shown, the plane-iron may be readily and conveniently adjusted and held securely in position.

I am aware that a patent has been heretofore granted to J. B. Tarr, No. 82,450, for an improvement in bench-planes, in which are shown and described two screws with squared heads, working in the plane-stock, and operating to alter the pitch and set of the plane-iron, and also a thumb-screw working through a nut adjusted in the slot of the plane-iron, and having a bearing at its lower or inner end in a plate fixed in the plane-stock, and operating between the two other screws, to tighten the plane-iron as set by the other screws. I disclaim the devices shown and claimed in this patent, intending to limit my claim to the exact and specific devices shown in my specification, namely, a screw set in the wood of the plane-stock, and arranged to project through the slot in the plane iron, together with a thumb-nut, whereby the plane-iron may be fastened securely to its bed in the plane-stock.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The combination, as a plane-iron fastener, of the screw S, set in the bed A, the plane-iron P, and the thumb-nut T, as described.

THOMAS HENRY WALL.

Witnesses:
O. S. PAGE,
T. M. MITCHELL.

No. 165,132 – Improvement In Guides For Bench-Planes (Harrison P. Taylor) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”245″]165132

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HARRISON P. TAYLOR, OF MINERVA, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND P.
A. PAINTER, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN GUIDES FOR BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 165,132, dated June 29, 1875; application filed May 28, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRISON P. TAYLOR, of Minerva, in the county of Stark and State of Ohio, have invented an Improvement in Guides for Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 represents a perspective view of my improved plane-guide, as attached to a plane. Fig. 2 is an end view, and Fig. 3 a vertical section, of the same on the line c c, Fig. 2.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The object of my invention is to provide an improved double adjustable plane-guide that may be readily set to any angle, and to any part on the face of the plane, that the whole width of the bit is used and the true face of the plane preserved.

The invention consists of a rectangular slotted or dovetailed piece that is attached to the side of the plane, and provided with a sliding piece, with guide-arms tor the pivoted, graduated, and slotted piece, which is set by a clamp screw, and attached by a slotted base-plate to the beveled guide-strip.

In the drawing, A represents the rectangular piece, by which the guide is attached to the side of the plane by a set-screw, B, passing through a slot or perforation of the same. The free end of piece A is either provided with a dovetail groove at the under side, or with a plain slot tor the purpose of guiding the sliding rectangular piece C, having dovetail or tongue, into any position, to any point on the face of the plane, or in opposite direction to some distance from the same, as required. The sliding piece C is firmly secured when adjusted by a set-screw, C1. The downward-extending part of slide-piece C forms, by a dividing recess, two guide-arms or standards, C2, between which the quadrantal piece D is pivoted, and by means of slot a and set-screw b set to any angle toward the face ofthe plane, according to the graduation of its circumference. A base-plate, D’, at right angles to the quadrantal part, carries, by slot and clamp-screw, a beveled wooden or iron guide-strip, F, which may be brought up to the edge and face of the plane. One or two guides may be used, according to the length of plane or material. The guide attachment is removed by detaching the fastening-screw of the rectangular piece A from the side of the plane, or by leaving the same on the plane, using it as a handle, and taking off the slide-piece with the rest of the attachment.

The guide may be adjusted to use the plane square or at any bevel, the main advantage being the sliding of the guide-strip under the face of the plane.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The combination of plate A, slide C, single set-screw C1, and quadrant D, all constructed and arranged as and for the purpose specified.

HARRISON P. TAYLOR.

Witnesses:
JOHN BREIDENSTEIN,
HERBERT NICKELSON.

No. 165,291 – Improvement In Plane-Irons (William Young) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”246″]165291

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM YOUNG, OF MABON, NOVA SCOTIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE-IRONS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 165,291, dated July 6, 1875; application filed May 15, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM YOUNG, of Mabon, in Nova Scotia, have invented an Improvement in Plane-Iron, of which the following is a specification:

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section of plane-stock with my improved plane-iron, and Fig. 2 a bottom view of the iron.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

My invention relates to an improved mode of applying the cap-piece to the plane-iron so that it can be quickly adjusted and locked for giving the plane more iron, and thereby the annoying loss of time and the difticulty connected with the screw-locking be avoided.

The invention consists of a slotted plane-iron to which the cap-piece is locked by an eccentric lever pivcted to a post of the same.

In the drawing, A represents the plane-iron; and B, the cap piece, which is adjusted by a post, C, sliding in the longitudinal center slot D of the plane-iron to the required position for use. The post C is secured, by a counter-sunk base-plate, to the cap-piece. A locking-lever, E, with eccentric E’, pivoted to post C, swings to either side of the same, and locks, by the eccentricity of its sides, the cap to the iron when carried down on the latter, while admitting the ready setting when it is in a raised position. The plane-iron is fitted tightly in the stock by a wedge-key in the usual manner, the countersunk base-plate of the post of the cap-piece requiring no grooving of the key, and preventing thereby the settling of shavings and the choking of plane.

If desired, the cap may be provided with a series of grooves to lock with two teeth or ridges of the iron, by which the exact connection of cap and iron, without chance of changing their position on applying the lever, is retained.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The combination of a plane-iron, having guide-slot, with the cap-piece, adjusted and secured by an eccentric lever pivoted to post of the same, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

WILLIAM YOUNG.

Witnesses:
JAMES MURPHY,
EDW. D. TREMAIN.

No. 165,704 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Charles Bridges) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”247″]165704

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES BRIDGES, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 165,704, dated July 20, 1875; application filed March 20, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES BRIDGES, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 represents a top view of my improved plane-stock with handle detached; Fig. 2, a vertical longitudinal section of the plane; Fig. 3, a vertical transverse section of the same on line c c, Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a side view of my extension plane-iron detached; and Fig. 5, a detail side view of the wedge-connection of plane-stock and handle, partly in section, on line x x, Fig. 3.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The invention will first be fully described, and then pointed out in the claims.

In the drawing, A represents a metallic plane-stock, with throat or slot for the cutter or extension plane-iron B, that is seated on a lateral front ridge, a, and on a central recess, b, of the circular rear partition A’ of the stock. The extension plane-iron B is guided with its narrower rear end or stem in a flanged and slotted shank part, C, being attached thereto by a clamp-screw, d, in such a manner that as the plane-iron is gradually worn out two or more screw-holes, d’, of the front top plate of shank G may be used to secure the iron and extend the same toward the throat. The rear part G’ of shank C is made in the nature of a screw socket or nut for the adjusting screw-bolt D, that is seated by collar e and a thumb-piece, f in the recess b of the rear partition of the stock, producing by the turning of the screw-bolt the forward or backward traveling of the plane-iron. The plane-iron is thus supported in a very simple, substantial, and convenient manner in the plane-stock, without a chance of moving forward or backward, or changing the set of the screw in case the plane is dropped. The plane-iron is instantly placed in the stock and guided exactly into its place, being also readily adjusted to any thickness of shavings by the screw-bolt. The cutter-edge can be squared to the throat or face of the plane by moving the screw slightly to the right or left in the recess of the partition, which is made wide enough for this purpose. The plane-stock A is provided at the sides with projecting wedge-pieces g, and below the same, at the bottom, with inclined ribs g’. The handle part E is made of hollow cast metal to fit the palm of the hand, and bears, by an extension front flange, h, and the plane-iron, and by its sides and rear part, on the sides and rear partition of the plane-stock. To a central socket, i, at the interior part of handle E, is applied, by an adjustable set-screw, i’, a lateral arm-piece, F, that is guided, by recessed side lugs l, along vertical guide-ribs l’ of the handle, according as the arm-piece is adjusted higher or lower in the cavity of the handle. The arms of the arm-piece F extend below the sides of handle E, and are grooved to slide on the wedge-pieces g of the plane-stock, and come, by end lugs m, in contact with the bottom ribs g’ of the same. The arm-piece F is adjusted in such a manner that when the handle is slid forward on the plane-stock, the wedge-pieces and bottom ribs bind rigidly on the ends of the arm-piece, define the position of the handle, and seat the rear part of the handle exactly on the circular rear partition of the stock. The thumb-piece of the lengthening screw-bolt is then turned up, and thereby the handle securely locked to the plane-iron and stock, so that no detaching during use is possible. The plane-iron, being thus entirely within the handle, is not liable to the accidents occurring frequently in metallic planes-namely, the driving forward of the cutter, by a hard blow or fall, into the throat of the stock, on which it acts like a wedge, bursting the throat and spoiling the plane. The plane-iron is, furthermore, entirely out of the way of the hand, and is far more convenient to use, regulate, and handle. The plane forms one compact and solid body without any parts that are likely to be injured, and offers the greatest facility for being handled and adjusted.

The above-described invention has reference more particularly to my Patent No. 157,438, granted December 8, 1874, on which I esteem it to be a decided improvement.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. The combination of plane-iron B, having narrow rear shank, the holder C, having a slot to receive said shank, and the swiveled screw D f, working in a threaded socket of said holder, as and for the purpose described.

2. The combination of stock A, having wedge-pieces g g on the sides, and ribs g’ g’ on the bottom, with hollow handle E, having socket i, the screw i’, and the arm F, having lugs l, as and for the purpose specified.

CHARLES BRIDGES.

Witnesses:
CHAS. F. HOWE,
DEXTER SYMONDS.

No. 165,742 – Improvement In Joiners’ Planes (Joseph Look) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”248″]165742

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOSEPH LOOK, OF SOUTH ABINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO BRIGHAM, LITOHFIELD & VINING, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN JOINERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 165,742, dated July 20, 1875; application filed March 15, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH LOOK, of South Abington, of the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following speciiication and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view, Fig. 2 a bottom view, and Fig. 3 a longitudinal section, of one of my improved planes. Fig. 4 is a bottom view, and Fig. 5 a transverse section, of the stock. Fig. 6 is a front-end view, and Fig. 7 an edge view, of the cutter or plane-iron, which is crowned or curved transversely on its lower surface for some distance back from the cutting-edge.

The plane is designed for cutting or planing across the grain of wood perpendicularly, or about so, thereto. Instead of arranging the cutting-iron sloping in the stock, or at an acute angle to the bearing-surface of the plane, it is disposed substantially or approximately parallel thereto, and is wholly arranged within the stock, or a cavity or recess made lengthwise therein, the cutter being on its under surface, and at and back from its cutting edge, arched or crowned a little transversely, as shown.

In the drawing, A denotes the stock, made with a cutter-receiving recess, a, arranged in it, and with respect to its bearing-face b, in manner as shown, there being a chip-throat, c, leading upward out of said recess a and through the stock, in manner as represented. Besides the said throat c, there is a slot, d, arranged lengthwise in the stock, and to open upward out of the recess a. The cutter or plane-iron shown at B is placed flatwise in the recess a, and with the rear part of its lower surface flush with the bearing-surface b, the cutting-edge f projecting partly across the chip-throat. A screw, C, formed as shown, goes up through a countersunk hole in the cutter, and also through the slot d, and is provided with a clamp-nut, D, such serving to hold the cutter in place in the stock. In advance of the said screw and nut are two adjusting-screws, g g, which, arranged as shown, screw down into and through the stock and against the plane-iron, they serving to determine the projection of its cutting-edge below the bearing surface of the stock, such stock being provided with a handle, h, arranged as represented.

It will be seen, that while such a plane is being used to cut across the end or grain of a piece of wood, the cutter will stand at, or nearly at, a right angle with the said grain. and therefore will operate to much better advantage than a cutter having a slanting position in the stock, as plane-irons are usually arranged.

I prefer to curve or crown the cutter in manner as shown and described, but a plane-
surface cutter may be used. The curved one, however, for various kinds of planing, especially for reduction of vessels knees or ribs, will operate much better than a plane-surface cutter.

I claim —

In the improved plane, the cutter B, its receiving-recess a, chip-throat c, and holding and adjusting screws C D, g g, arranged in and with the slotted bottom of the stock A, all substantially as described and shown.

JOSEPH LOOK.

Witnesses:
GEORGE A. CLIFT,
ALBERT DAVIS.

No. 165,884 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Hans Shogren) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”249″]165884

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HANS SHOGREN, OF PORTLAND, OREGON.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 165,884, dated July 20, 1875; application filed March 19, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HANS SHOGREN, of Portland, Oregon, and in the county of Multnomah of said State, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through or near the center. Fig. 2 is an inverted plan, looking upward from the bottom. Fig. 3 is a side elevation, partly in section, showing the movable front.

The nature and object of my invention are as follows: In many kinds of work it is necessary to bring the plane-bit O close against a glue-joint or projecting part of a rabbet, or other angular part rising above the surface to be planed, and with common planes this cannot be done, on account of the fore part of the plane in front of the bit, and after planing with them the end can only be finished with a chisel; but by the arrangement herein shown the work may be fully done by the plane itself. To accomplish this the fore part L of the plane R is hung on two screw-centers, G, situated one on either side of the plane opposite the opening for the shavings; and this part L is further provided with a knob, H, in which the nut and screw J are placed, and between H and L a small thumb wrench, I, is placed. The head of the screw J is a sort of eccentric or hook-shape, the sides of the screw-shaft being flattened in such manner that they ht the opening in the center of the wrench I.

Fig. 1 shows the plane when used as a common plane; and Fig. 2 shows the piece L closed in its place in front of the cross-rib K, which is a part of the back portion ofthe plane R. The head of the screw J is hooked. To change this, and put it in the position shown in Fig. 3, the following operation is gone through: First, the knob H, which carries the nut of the screw J, is turned so as to unscrew the nut, and while holding the knob H between the thumb and finger of one hand the other thumb turns the wrench I in such way as to still further unscrew the screw J, and this latter operation turns the screw half round, and disengages it from the cross-rib K. It may now be opened freely, as in the Fig. 3, or thrown entirely back on the top of the plane-iron, and in this position it may be used as now described. By looking at Fig. 2, and at the chip-opening in front of the bit O, an oblique line is seen crossing the under surface of the plane, and at its narrow end to run into the chip-opening. This is the joint between the front part L and the back part of the plane, so that if L were raised up or opened, as in Fig. 3, a portion of the chipway would be entirely open at the front, and half or more would have a narrow bearing in front of the plane-bit. In planing up to a projection this is so arranged that this part prevents the wood from lifting in front of the bit, and having planed to within a quarter of an inch or less of the object the plane is pushed sidewise, and in this way the chip is cut entirely out by the exposed part of the bit, the joint being so arranged that the bit is the foremost object on that side of the plane.

The next feature is the manner of fastening the bit O by means of the forked clamp Q, Fig. 2, screw E, and two pins, F, on theinside of the chip-opening, one on either side, so that the forked clamp Q passes under them somewhat after the manner of the wedge in a wooden plane, and to facilitate keeping Q in its place little hollows are formed on its upper surface, so that they will slightly engage with the pins F, and being so set under the pins F the screw E is tightened, and in this way the bit O is held firmly against its seat in the metal part R. The bit O is like those used in a common wood-plane, having at its back or under side the head of the clamp-screw D.

An arrangement for setting the bit O is as follows: A thumb-lever, A, projecting into the finger-opening in front of the handle N turning on a center, O, Fig. 2, carries a pitman-screw, P, in a joint of its shorter bent end. On the screw P are two nuts, B B’, which turn freely up or down, and are adjustable on the head of the clamp-screw D, and, being in proper adjustment, any movement of A raises the bit up or down. The center G is attached to the bottom of the plane, on the upper side, and beneath the bit O. A forked metal piece, M, Fig. 2, is fastened to the upper part of the handle N by a screw, and the corners or ends of the same to the metal part of the plane near the upper bearings for the bit O, and between these two bearings a vertical web (a bent part of this same piece M) extends, through which a hole is made forming the upper support for the screw P, and all together forming a firm support for the handle N. The whole plane is made of iron or other metal, except the handle N and knob H, which are of wood. The joint between the front and back part is neatly fitted, and the bottom is planed up neat and straight.

I claim —

A bench-plane, provided with the adjustable hinged part L, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

HANS SHOGREN.

Witnesses:
H. M. HUDSON,
CHAS. B. TALBOT.

No. 166,239 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (David F. Williams) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”250″]166239

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

DAVID F. WILLIAMS, OF WOONSOCKET, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR TO BAILEY TOOL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 166,239, dated August 3, 1875; application filed May 24, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DAVID F. WILLIAMS, of Woonsocket, Providence Plantations, and in the State of Rhode Island, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings making a part of this specification.

This invention relates to a bench-plane having a flexible steel face to allow of its being adjusted to operate upon any given circle or arc of a circle in either a concave or convex form; and it consists in certain improvements in the mode of fixing or holding the face after it has been bent to the desired curve, substantially as hereinafter more fully set forth, the object being to simplify the construction of the plane, and at the same time to secure a firmer adjustinent of the flexible face.

Figure 1 in the drawing shows the plane adjusted to operate upon a plane surface. Fig. 2 shows it adjusted to operate upon a concave surface, the dotted lines also indicating the position of the movable parts when the face is adjusted to operate upon a plane and on a convex surface. Fig. 3 is a front view, showing the opening in the stock and the slotted arm attached to the face-plate, which slides therein.

A in the drawings represents a metallic plane-stock, cast in the usual form for this class of planes. B is the flexible face of steel, made thinnest at its ends, and tapering from the center of its length, in order that when bent it may form a perfect curve. It is attached to the stock by means of screws on each side of the month of the plane. The ends of the plane-stock are split, as shown at a, Fig. 3, forming jaws E E, and, provided with set-screws D D, form clamps for the slotted arms C C’, which are attached, respectively, to the ends of the flexible shoe B. These screws pass through one side of the divided end of the plane-stock, and through the slot in said arms, and are screwed into threads formed in the other side or jaw of the clamp or stock, and, being provided with shoulders d, operate to tightly clamp the jaws. The arms C C’ are attached to the flexible shoe by being hinged at b to a piece, c, which is riveted to the shoe.

As the screws D are loosened, and the shoe B is bent in either direction the arms C C’ slide on the screws D in their slots, and permit the adjustment of the shoe to any desired curve.

The arm C’ is bent to prevent contact with the upper part of the plane-iron when the shoe is bent to a convex form.

What is claimed as the invention is —

1. A bench plane having a flexible face, in which the stock is split at either end to form a clamp, substantially as described.

2. The combination of the flexible shoe B, slotted arms C C’ hinged thereto, clamping-jaws E, and set-screws D, substantially as described.

D. F. WILLIAMS.

Witnesses:
WM. H. BAILEY,
J. E. BLOOD.

No. 166,240 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (David F. Williams) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”251″]166240

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

DAVID F. WILLIAMS, OF WOONSOOKET, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR TO BAILEY TOOL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 166,240, dated August 3, 1875; application filed May 24, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DAVID F. WILLIAMS, of Woonsocket, Providence Plantations, and in the State of Rhode Island, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawings making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved bench-plane, one of the cheeks of the stock being broken away to show more clearly the means for clamping and adjusting the bit. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the forward end of the stock. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the clamping-plate and screw. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the bit-adjusting mechanism. Fig. 5 is a view ofthe under side ofthe same. Fig. 6 is a section thereof, taken in planes indicated by the broken line x y in Fig. 5.

The same letters of reference are used in all the figures in the designation of identical parts.

The nature of my invention consists, first, in the employment of a clamping-plate and screw for fixing the bit after proper adjustment, the clamping-plate having open bearings at about its mid-length in its side edges, for the reception of fixed studs projecting inwardly from the cheekplates of the stock; secondly, in the use ofa sliding plate so combined with mechanism for sliding it in its seat, and the head of the screw used for securing the cap to the bit, as to afford a convenient means for accurately adjusting the bit with the right hand, while holding on to the tail-handle of the plane with the left.

The stock A, made of metal, in substantially the form shown, is provided with the usual throat, through which the bit projects, and also with inclined surfaces a, for supporting the bit in part. The bit is secured by a lever or clamping-plate, B, pivoted above it to the cheek-plates of the stock, and provided at its upper end with a set-screw, C, to press against the cap of the bit, thereby causing the lower end of the clamping-plate to also forcibly bear on the cap of the bit. It is pivoted upon short fixed studs a’, projecting inwardly from the cheek-plates of the stock, and is provided with open bearings b, formed in its side edges, in such a way that it may be slid upon said studs, which enter their bearings through chambers b’, formed in the under side of the clamping-plate. Supports for the plane-iron, having inclined surfaces a, against which said iron rests, are cast upon the inner side of each of the flanges of the stock A. Between these supports for the plane-iron, underneath the latter, is inserted a frame, D, which contains the mechanism by means of which the plane is adjusted, said frame being screwed to the supports referred to through ears cast thereon. The flanges of this frame D lie in the same plane as the supporting surfaces a, and assist in forming a bed for the plane-iron. Between the flanges is a plate, E, which slides in dovetailed grooves formed in said flanges. This plate has a notch, e, which receives a crank-pin, f This crank-pin projects eccentrically from the hub of a sectional worm-wheel, F, arranged in a recess in the under side of frame D. Wheel F meshes into a worm, G, on a shaft, GI, which turns in a bearing of frame D, and is provided at its outer rear end with a milled head or button, G2, which secures the cap to the bit.

The plate E moves in a plane parallel to the bit-supporting surfaces, so that by sliding it by means of the crank and worm-gearing described, the bit may be accurately and readily adjusted.

The non-toothed portion of the worm-wheel F is of smaller radius than the toothed portion, forming shoulders f1 at the junction, which bring up against a stop-pin, f2, whenever the worm-wheel has been turned in either direction to the extent of the throw of the crank-pin f.

The milled head or button G2 is in convenient proximity to the tail-handle A2 of the stock, for operating it with the thumb and fingers of the right hand, while holding on to the tail-handle.

In addition to its described function of moving the plate E., the worm-gearing constitutes a lock, holding the plate, and consequently the bit connected to it, by means of the head of screw H, firmly in position against sliding, thus assisting the clamping-plate in this office.

I do not claim a cap or presser plate made to slide in grooves formed in the sides of the stock, as shown and described in the patent, now expired, granted W. S. Loughborough, April 4, 1854.

What is claimed as the invention is —

1. In a bench-plane, a clamping-plate having open bearings in its side edges, with channels leading thereto in its under side. substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of the stock A, with studs a’, the bit and its cap, and the clamp-
ing-plate B, with channeled openings b b’, substantially as described.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination of the sliding plate, crank-pin, worm, and worm-wheel, substantially as described.

4. The combination of the plane-iron and its cap, the uniting-screw, and the slotted sliding plate with means for operating the same, substantially as described.

5. The sectoral worm-wheel F, having shoulders at f1 f1, in combination with the stop-pin f2 and the worm G G1, substantially as described.

D. F. WILLIAMS.

Witnesses:
WM. H. BAILEY,
J. E. BLOOD.

No. 167,311 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Leonard L. Davis) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”252″]167311

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD L. DAVIS, OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 167,311, dated August 31, 1875; application filed March 3, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD L. DAVIS, of Springfield, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings making a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same; and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the plane-iron support, showing the mechanism to adjust the plane-iron laterally.

My invention relates to the adjusting mechanism of a bench-plane; and it consists of an abutting piece made upon the plane, into which is inserted the threaded pin of a support, upon which the plane-iron rests, said support being provided with a threaded hole at each end, into which is turned a screw-guide. The threaded pin of the support is adjusted in or out of the abutment by means of a threaded nut, through which the pin is turned, the nut having a bearing against the abutment. The wedge, upon which the lower end ofthe plane-iron rests, is provided with a threaded hole, into which is turned a thumb-screw, abutting at its rear end against the before-mentioned abutment, so that the wedge may be thrust forward beneath the plane-iron more or less by turning said thumb-screw, and the wedge may be set or secured by a set-screw. A cross-bar, extending across from one side of the plane to the other, is provided with a threaded hole, into which is turned a thumb-screw, bearing against the front of the plane-iron.

In the drawings, A represents the sides of the plane, and F the base, upon which is made the abutment D, provided with a hole made obliquely therein, into which slides freely the thread-pin n. This pin is provided at the top with the cross-piece or support b, in each end of which is made a threaded hole, with a screw, a, turned therein, this screw a being provided with a large flanged head, as shown clearly in Fig. 1. A thumb-nut, c, is first turned upon the threaded pin n, and the latter is then inserted in the oblique hole made in the abutment; and to prevent the pin n from being accidentally lost out at any time a part of the pin is flattened at i, and a small screw, e, is turned into the abutment, and into the flattened part i, but not against the pin. As the pin at is thus arranged in the abutment, as shown in Fig. 2, the plane-iron B may rest upon the support b, between the screw-heads a a, one on each side. A thumb-screw, g, is turned into the rear part of the wedge f the rear end of the thumb-screw abutting against the abutment D, and slots are made through the wedge, through which set-screws as are turned into the base of the plane. A cross-bar, h, extends across from one side, A, of the plane to the other in front of the plane-iron, said bar having a threaded hole, into which is turned a thumb-screw, E, bearing against the plane-iron in front.

When it is desired to remove the plane-iron for sharpening the thumb-screw E is loosened, and the iron B may be taken out. The throat of the plane may be made larger or smaller by turning the thumb-nut c, moving the pin n either in or out of the abutment, as the case may be, and raising or depressing the support b, and the plane-iron resting thereon.

If one side of the plane-iron should protrude through the throat more than the other the screw a on that side is turned into the support b, and the opposite one turned out correspondingly, until the desired lateral adjustment is obtained. If, after the plane-iron has been adjusted to the desired angle with the base of the plane, it should be desired to change the size of the throat in front of the edge of the iron, the thumb-screw g is turned either in or out, forcing the wedge f forward or backward, as the case may be, and when adjusted to the right point it is secured by turning in the set-screw x firmly. After the desired adjustments have been made of the support b and the wedge f the thumb-screw E is turned in firmly against the front of the plane-iron, and it is ready for use.

It is evident that a small cam or similar mechanism may be used to force back the plane-iron upon the wedge and the support b, as that is the only object of the screw E; but I prefer the latter as more convenient.

I am aware that various kinds of adjusting mechanisms have heretofore been made and used, and I do not claim the same, nor any part thereof; irrespective of the arrangement herein shown and described; but,

Having described my invention, What l claim as new is —

1. The combination of the adjustable support b, the lateral adjusting-screws a a, and the screw E, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of abutment D, the adjustable support b, the threaded pin n, nut c, the lateral adjusting-screws a a, the wedge f and its screw g, and the clamping-screw E, substantially as herein described.

LEONARD L. DAVIS.

Witnesses:
T. A. CURTIS,
C. E. BUCKLAND.

No. 165,356 – Improvement In Dado Planes (Charles G. Miller And Leonard Bailey) (1875)

[paiddownloads id=”58″]165356

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES G. MILLER AND LEONARD BAILEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT; SAID MILLER ASSIGNOR TO SAID BAILEY.

IMPROVEMENT IN DADO-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 165,356, dated July 6, 1875; application filed February 24, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES G. MILLER and LEONARD BAILEY, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State ot Connecticut, have invented an Improved Dado, of which the following is a specitication, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a top view. Fig. 2 is a left side view. Fig. 3 is a front-end view.

The device is a joiner’s tool of that kind or class known as dados, and the features of the invention are two in number — first, a peculiar gravitating guide, which is both laterally and vertically adjustable; and, second, a depth-guide, made reversible, so that it can be used on the right or the left side ofthe body of the tool.

The parts of the tool herein shown and described are metallic, except that the knob or ball, which serves as a hand-grasp, may well be of iron.

The letter a denotes the stock or body of the tool, to the rear end of which is fixed the handle a1, having the wooden knob or hand-grasp a2. The letter b denotes the “iron,” so called; and c, the chisel or “iron ” which cuts or marks the sides of the groove, both the chisels running down the same throat. The letter d denotes a depth-gage, attached to and vertically adjustable upon the side of the body a, by means of the set screws e e, for regulating the depth of the cut. This depth gage is detachable from the left side of the body a, where it appears in the drawings, and attachable in the same manner to the right side by means of the screws e’ e’, which correspond in office and purpose to the screws e e. The letters f f denote two rods rigid on the bar g. These rods run through the sockets i i in the body a, and are set and held at a desired point by the thumb-screws h h, thus making the side guide, about to be described, laterally adjustable to and from the body a. The letter m denotes the side guide borne on the vertical rods n n, which run up through the sockets g’ g’, having vertical play therein, and thereby giving the side guide on the same vertical play, the cap-screws n’ n’ preventing the rods n n from falling down through and away from the sockets g’. The manner of using this tool is shown in Fig. 3, the letter o denoting a board with a groove, o’, cut therein, and the dado about to out another groove, the side guide m fitting against the side of the groove o’, and resting on the bottom of the groove. As the chisel of the dado cuts deeper and deeper into the wood the side guide m, remains vertically stationary, the vertical play of the rods n n permitting this. The side guide m is shown in the drawings upon the right side of the body a. It can be taken off or detached from this side and, being turned end for end, attached upon the left side of the body a in a precisely similar manner; and in such case the depth-guide d is taken off the left side of the body and, being turned end for end, attached in precisely similar manner to the right side.

We are aware that side guides are not new, nor do we mean to claim such generally, but only the peculiar combination we describe, which allows our side guide to remain stationary upon the bottom of a groove while the plane descends into the wood at another place — that is, a gravitating side guide.

We claim as our invention —

1. The combination of the stock a, rods f f bar g, sockets g’ g’, rods n n, having free play, within limits, in sockets g’, and the guide m, all substantially as described.

2. The combination of the body a with the depth-gage d and side guide on, which can be used upon either side of the body a, substantially as shown and described.

CHARLES G. MILLER.
LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
H. C. WILLIAMS,
W. H. LINSLEY.