Tag: Block Planes

No. 1,213,552 – Plane (William E. Sparks) (1917)

[paiddownloads id=”716″]1213552

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM E. SPARKS, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO SARGENT &
COMPANY, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

1,213,552. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jan. 23, 1917.
Application filed July 9, 1913. Serial No. 778,082.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, WILLIAM E. SPAKS, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to planes, and more particularly to a novel construction of sheet metal planes.

Certain features of my improvements are especially applicable to planes of the smaller sizes which are known as pocket planes or toy planes, but the invention is not limited in this particular.

The primary object which I have in view is the provision of a light, handy, efficient and durable plane, in which the number of parts is reduced to a minimum, and which can be readily and cheaply manufactured.

To this and other ends, the invention consists in the novel features and combinations of parts to be hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane embodying my improvements, Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the same, Fig. 3 is a section on line 3–3 of Fig. 2, Fig. 11 is a front end elevation of the plane, Fig. 5 is a rear end elevation thereof, Fig. 6 is a section on line 6–6 of Fig. 1, Fig. 7 is a top plan view of the frog, detached, Fig. 8 is a top plan view of the clamp, and Fig. 9 is a bottom plan view of the clamp.

Referring to the drawing, the body or stock 10 is of the usual channeled form and it is preferably constructed of sheet metal. The frog 11 has the usual relation with respect to the throat 12 and said frog is constructed of a sheet metal plate 11a having downturned side portions 11b fitted within and against the side walls of the stock. In order to secure the frog firmly in place in the stock, it is necessary to employ only two fastening members such as the rivets 13, 14. These rivets pass through the extensions 11b of the frog into and through the respective side walls of the stock. It will be noted from a comparison of Figs. 1 and 3 that the rivets 13, 14 are out of line with each other whereby any turning or rotary movement of the frog relatively to the stock is absolutely prevented simply by the use of these two fastening members, one associated with each of the side walls of the stock.

At the rear of the frog the same is provided with integral downturned lugs 15, 16 provided with threaded perforations for the shank 17 of the adjusting screw 18. The cutter or bit 19 is supported on the frog 11 in the usual manner and it is of customary form except for the fact that its rear extremity is provided with a transverse slot 20 to receive the milled head 21 of the adjusting screw 18. The peripheral portion of the head 21 extends through the slot 20 for a slight distance, and as the adjusting screw is turned, the head thereof will turn freely in the slot 20 thereby advancing or retracting the cutter 19 according to the direction in which the screw is rotated. ln other words, the slot 20 in fitting over the head 21 interlocks the cutter and the adjusting screw against relative longitudinal displacement while permitting the rotation of the screw relatively to the cutter.

The frog 11 carries a pivot or stud 22, and the cutter is provided with the usual slot to fit over this stud 22. The clamp 23 consists of a sheet metal plate having downturned edges 24 and a keyhole slot 25 adapted to cooperate with the stud 22 in the usual manner. At the rear extremity of the clamp 23, the same is provided with a threaded socket 26 through which a clamping screw 27 passes into engagement with the upper surface of the cutter or bit. The cooperation between the clamping screw 27, the clamp 23, the stud 22, and the bit 19 is more or less usual and need not be further described.

In order to afford a convenient and handy grip for the workman, the stock is provided at the rear end with a palm rest 28. This consists of an upwardly directed sheet metal plate having a convex rear surface and forwardly extending lugs 29 fitting between and against the side walls of the stock. The palm rest is substantially U-shaped in cross-section, the upper edge 28a being rounded and the lower edge 28b straight and horizontal and fitting snugly against the top surface of the bed of the stock. The lugs or extensions 29 are secured to the side walls of the stock by rivets 30, 31 or similar fastening members. The rivets 30, 31 are offset from each other as in the case of the rivets 13, 14 so that turning movement of the palm rest relatively to the stock is absolutely prevented without the employment of additional fastening means, Preferably, the forwardly and upwardly curved plate 28 forming the palm rest is located at the rear extremity of the plane body or stock, and is spaced from the frog and cutter located at the intermediate part of the stock so that the adjusting screw may be located between the palm rest and cutter. The rear surface of the palm rest curves forwardly in order to fit the palm of the operator, and the form of the palm rest is such that it merges from a shallow U-shaped cross-section near the top into a deeper U-shaped cross section at the bottom where the forwardly directed extensions 29 are provided.

I do not claim herein the combination with a stock having upright side walls, of a frog comprising a sheet metal plate having integral downturned side members secured to the side walls of the stock, and integral downtnrned lugs for the bit adjusting screw, one of said lugs being struck out from the rear edge of the frog, and the other being struck out of an opening at the intermediate portion of the frog, as claimed in my co-pending application, Serial No. 778,083.

Without limiting myself to the construction shown, I claim:

1. In a plane, the combination of a stock having side walls presenting a channeled cross-section, a member fitting within the stock and having side walls abutting the respective first-named walls, and means of connection between each side wall of said member and the adjacent side wall of the stock, said two means of connection being located ont of line with each other; substantially as described.

2. In a plane, the combination of a stock having parallel side walls, a sheet metal member having bent-up extensions at the sides fitting within and against said side walls, and a rivet securing each of said extensions to the corresponding side wall of the stock, said rivets being out of line with each other; substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination of a stock having upright side walls, a palm rest composed of a plate resting at its lower edge on the bed of the stock and having forwardly directed extensions or lugs at the sides, and a rivet securing each extension or lug to the respective side walls of the stock, said rivets being out of line with each other; substantially as described.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand on the 5th day of July, 1913.

WILLIAM E. SPARKS.

Witnesses:
JOHN H. SHAW,
BERTHA RAY.

_________________

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the “Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.”
_________________

No. 1,164,232 – Plane (William E. Sparks) (1915)

[paiddownloads id=”706″]1164232

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM E. SPARKS, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO SARGENT & COMPANY,
OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATIGN OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

1,164,232. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 14, 1915.
Application filed July 9, 1913. Serial No. 778,083.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. SPARKS, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to planes, and more especially to planes constructed wholly of metal.

One of the primary objects of the invention is to provide a light, strong, durable and inexpensive plane, wherein the stock or frame, the frog, and the clamp for the cutter are constructed of sheet metal. To this end the parts mentioned are of novel form and are combined and assembled in a novel way.

Another object of the invention is the provision of certain improved features of construction in what is known as a low angle block plane, more particularly the mechanism for giving the bit or cutter its lengthwise adjustment, and the location of such adjusting means in such a position that the head of the adjusting screw for the cutter serves as a palm rest when the plane is in use.

However, although my improvements are of particular advantage in low angle block planes and in planes constructed for the most part of sheet metal, certain features will be found advantageous in planes of other types.

To these and other ends, the invention consists in the novel features and combinations of parts to be hereinafter described and claimed.

ln the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a low angle block plane embodying my improvements, Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the same, Fig. 3 is a section on line 3–3 of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 is a front end elevation of the plane, Fig. 5 is a rear end elevation, Fig. 6 is a fragmentary plan view of the stock with the cutter and clamp removed, Fig. 7 is a section on line 7–7 of Fig. 1, Fig. 8 is a detail bottom view of the frog prior to assembling, Fig. 9 is a detail bottom view of the clamp, and Fig. 10 is a detail section on line 10–10 of Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawings, the stock or body 10 is of the usual channeled section but instead of being constructed of cast metal as customary, it is bent up from sheet metal such as sheet steel. The frog 11 is also constructed of sheet metal and it is given the special form shown in Figs. 3, 6, 7 and 8. The frog comprises a plate 11a provided with integral extensions at opposite sides which are bent downward to form legs 12. Rivets 13 connect these integral sheet metal legs with the side walls of the stock between which the frog is set. The legs 12 are so located relatively to the frog and stock as to give the main part of the frog the required inclination to the horizontal. The legs 12 secure the frog to the stock at the rear end of the frog and the forward end of the frog is secured to the stock by means of a lug 14 struck out from the plate 11a and lying in contact with the upper surface of the bed or sole 15 of the plane. In the form shown the downwardly bent lug 14 of the stock is secured to the bed 15 by spot welding, but of course, a rivet or other fastening member could be used if desired.

At the rear of the frog are two downturned lugs 16, 17 for the adjusting screw 18. The lug 17 is struck out of the plate 11a leaving an opening 17a therein, and the lug 16 extends downwardly from the rear edge of the frog substantially parallel to the lug 17. These lugs are provided with threaded perforations engaged by the shank 19 of the adjusting screw 18. The shank 19 is manipulated by a large head or wheel 20 having a neck 21 and a shoulder or collar 22.

The cutter 23 is positioned on top of the frog 11 in the usual manner with its forward extremity in the throat 24 of the bed or sole. The cutter 23 is provided at its rear under portion with a series of transverse arcuate grooves 25 any one of which is adapted to fit snugly over a portion of the periphery of the shoulder or collar 22 on the adjusting screw 18. This provides for the lengthwise adjustment of the bit or cutter as the adjusting screw is moved forwardly or rearwardly in the lugs 16, 17, as will be understood. The shoulder 22 is free to rotate in the groove 25 in which it engages, but the provision of the grooves form shoulders cooperating with the shoulder 22 in such a manner that the cutter or bit partakes of the lengthwise movement of the adjusting screw.

The clamp 26 like the stock and frog is also constructed of sheet metal. Its strength is considerably increased by forming the same of a sheet metal plate having its edges flanged or downturned, substantially throughout the contour thereof, as indicated at 27. This stiffens and strengthens the clamp considerably and it is also reinforced by an integral rib 28 stamped in the same. The clamp is provided with the usual key-hole slot 29 adapted to fit over the usual headed stud 30 which projects up from the frog between the lug 14 and the opening 17a. At the front of the clamp 26 the downturned edge 27 rests on the upper face of the cutter, and is clamped against the cutter at that point by a screw 31 extending through a threaded opening 32 at the rear end of the clamp and engaging the upper surface of the cutter. The stud 30 acts as a pivot in the usual manner so that as the screw 31 is screwed into its socket, the front and rear portions of the clamp will have the customary binding action on the cutter whereby the latter is securely held in place.

In using the plane, the head 20 of the adjusting screw 18 serves as a palm rest. It will be noted that the diameter of the head 20 is at least approximately equal to the width of the cutter. Moreover, the head 20 projects outward beyond the rear extremity of the cutter and is so located with reference to the stock as to form a comfortable support for the palm of the person using the plane. Usually the forefinger will rest in a socket 33 formed in the upper surface of a button 34 riveted to and extending upward from the forward end of the clamp. By this construction, the plane can be grasped and manipulated in a most convenient and satisfactory manner.

In order to make the head 20 of the adjusting screw 18 serve as an effective and comfortable palm rest, said head is not only made of a diameter approximating the width of the stock, but it is also provided with a convex rear surface adapted to conform to the hand of the operator.

It will be manifest that the construction described provides a light, handy plane, which can be readily and cheaply manufactured and is quite strong and durable.

Without limiting myself to the construction shown, I claim:

1. In a plane, the combination of a stock, a frog in said stock, a cutter supported on said frog, an adjusting screw for adjusting said cutter longitudinally, a head for said adjusting screw at the rear of the cutter, of a diameter approximating the width of the stock, and having a convex rear portion or surface to serve as a palm rest for the operator’s hand, a clamp for securing said cutter on the frog, and a button secured to the front end portion of the clamp at the upper surface thereof, said button having an upper surface adapted to support the forefinger of the operator‘s hand, when the latter is supported on the head of said adjusting screw; substantially as described.

2. In a plane, the combination of a stock, a frog in said stock, a cutter supported on said frog, an adjusting screw for adjusting said cutter longitudinally, a head for said adjusting screw at the rear of the cutter, of a diameter approximating the width of the stock, and having a convex rear portion or surface to serve as a palm rest for the operator’s hand, a clamp for securing said cutter on the frog, and a button secured to the front end portion of the clamp, at the upper surface thereof, said button having a socket at its upper surface adapted to receive and conform to the forefinger of the operator’s hand, when the latter is supported on the head of said adjusting screw; substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination of a stock with upright side walls, a frog set in between said side walls, and composed of a sheet metal plate having downturned legs at the rear riveted to said side walls, said plate having at the forward portion thereof a struck-out piece or lug parallel to and resting on the sole plate of the stock, said lug or struck-out piece being welded to said sole plate, parallel lugs integral with said frog at the rear portion thereof, and depending therefrom, a cutter supported on said frog, an adjusting screw for said cutter threaded through said parallel lugs, and a clamp for securing said cutter on the frog; substantially as described.

4. In a plane, the combination with a stock having upright side walls, of a frog comprising a sheet metal plate having integral downturned side members secured to side walls of the stock, and integral down-turned lugs for the bit adjusting screw, one of said lugs being struck out from the rear edge of the frog, and the other being struck out of an opening at the intermediate portion of the frog, an adjusting screw threaded through said lugs, a cutter on the frog adjustable by said adjusting screw, and a clamp to secure the cutter on the frog; substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand on the 7th day of July 1913.

WILLIAM E. SPARKS.

Witnesses:
JOHN H. SHAW,
BERTHA RAY.

_________________

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the “Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.”
_________________

No. 1,069,669 – Plane-Cap (Christian Bodmer And James M. Burdick) (1913)

[paiddownloads id=”692″]1069669

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHRISTIAN BODMER AND JAMES M. BURDICK, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO THE
STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE-CAP.

_________________

1,069,669. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 12, 1913.
Application filed May 5, 1913. Serial No. 765,441.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHRISTIAN BODMER and JAMES M. BURDICK, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, respectively, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Caps, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to improvements in the construction of planes and is more particularly concerned with cap pieces for the cutters or plane irons thereof of the type shown in our prior U. S. Patent No. 1,053,274, dated February 18, 1913.

The present invention aims to provide a cap piece of the general type shown in this prior patent, but embodying specific structural improvements.

A preferable embodiment of our improved form of cap piece is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a standard type of plane equipped with the cap piece of the present invention. Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through the palm rest and base sections, detached. Fig. 3 is a view in elevation of the cam lever. Fig. 4 is a bottom plan view of the base plate. Fig. 5 shows a side elevation, partly in section, of a modified form of cap piece, said cap piece being removed from the plane and the parts being shown in cutter clamping position. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of the palm rest section thereof, detached. Fig. 7 shows the base plate section thereof in longitudinal section and bottom plan. Fig. 8 is a detail of the clamping lever and its roller.

Referring to the drawings: numeral 1 designates the body of a plane of the channel type provided with side walls 2 and a detachable shoe 3 at the forward end thereof, the usual throat 1a being formed adjacent the forward end of the plane.

4 is a frog or seat for the forward end of the plane iron or cutter.

5 designates an interiorly threaded boss projecting upwardly from the plane body and carrying what is commonly termed a “cap screw” 6, provided with the usual headed end 6a. An adjusting lever 10 has its forward end seated over the boss 5 and is provided with an adjusting head 10a A second adjusting device is shown in the form of a lever member 8 pivotally mounted on the plane body and engaged at its rear end by an adjusting nut 9.

7 designates a plane iron or cutter provided with the usual longitudinal slot therein, this cutter being seated on the body of the plane with its forward end resting on the seat 4, and its cutting edge projecting into the throat 1a, the intermediate portions of the cutter resting respectively over the boss 5 and the end of the adjusting lever 8. The adjusting head 10a of lever 10 seats within the slot of the cutter. It will be, of course, understood that this slot is such as to enable the cutter to be seated on the plane body as described with the cap screw 6 projecting through the slot therein. We lay no claim to the specific structure of such a plane, inasmuch as it merely represents a standard type of plane with which the cap piece forming the subject matter of the present invention may be utilized. This cap piece embodies a base plate 11 having a curved forward end shaped to engage the forward end of the cutter resting on the seat 4, this base rearwardly of its curved end being provided with side flanges 12 preferably curving inwardly as seen in Fig. 4. Centrally of the base and intermediate the side flanges is a key-hole slot 13. Intermediate this lrey-hole slot and its rear end, this base plate is provided with a second and elongated slot 14 having lateral enlargements 14a intermediate its ends. Cooperating with this base member is a hollow convex cap 15 forming a palm rest, this palm rest section being hinged or pivoted to the base by means of a pivot pin 16 which may extend transversely of the base and through the side walls 12 at their forward ends. This palm rest section 15 is of sufficient width to inclose between its sides the rearwardly extending flanged portion of the base member 11, and in line with the narrow portion of the key-hole slot 13 thereof, is provided with an aperture 17 forming therewith an annular locking shoulder. 18 designates a bracket extending inwardly from the inner face of the palm rest section at a point in line with the forward end of the elongated slot 14 in the base member. To this bracket is pivotally secured the forward end of a clamping cam lever 19 which is provided with a cam slot 20 therein adjacent its rear or lower end, this cam slot having at its upper or forward end an angular offset forming a locking shoulder 21. This cam lever extends through the elongated slot 14 in the base and its end slot 20 guides upon a roller 22 journaled in the flanges 12 of the base and positioned within the lateral enlargement 14a of the elongated slot.

With the foregoing description in mind, it will be evident that in use, the plane cutter having been seated on the plane body in the desired position, the base 11 is brought to bring the enlarged end of its key-hole slot over the head 6a of the cap screw and is then moved upwardly to bring the head of the cap screw above the narrow portion of its key-hole slot, the palm rest section of the cap piece during this operation being held in the raised position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1. When this has been done, the palm rest section is then swung downwardly toward the base member 11, this movement causing the cam lever 19 to swing downwardly therewith to bring its lower edge into frictional clamping engagement with the upper face of the cutter (or of a clamping plate superposed thereon). This clamping action is effected through the cooperation of the cam slot 20 with the roller 22. When the palm rest section has been moved downwardly relative to the base sufficiently far to clamp the cutter on its seat, the roller 22 will have reached the upper or angularly offset end of the slot and will abut against the locking shoulder 21 formed thereby with the main body of the cam slot. At the same time, the aperture 17 at the forward end of the palm rest section will have been brought about the head ea of the cap screw. The edges of the palm rest adjacent said aperture being located at either side of said cap screw will prevent longitudinal movement of the entire cap piece relative to the cap screw and plane body with which it is rigid. The clamping engagement of the cam lever with the cutter is such that it holds the latter tightly on its seat, and under ordinary service conditions its position will be unchanged. The cutter, however, is always capable of being adjusted by the adjusting means provided without loosening the cap.

The frictional engagement of the cam lever with the cutter is maintained by reason of the engagement of the roller 22 with the locking shoulder 21 of the cam slot which shoulder serves to lock the cap piece in cutter clamping position and against accidental displacement. When it is necessary to detach the entire piece, however, a sharp pull on the palm rest section will move the shoulder 21 beyond the roller 22 and will permit the palm rest section to be raised, this action withdrawing the apertured forward end of the palm rest section from about the head of the cap screw so that the base may be moved relative to the cap screw to bring its head in alinement with the enlarged end of its key-hole slot 13, whereupon the base plate 11 and the attached palm rest section may be lifted from the plane body and from engagement with the cap screw.

In Figs 5 to 8, we have illustrated a modified form of cap piece embodying the same general idea. In Figs. 5 and 7, 11a designates the forward curved end of the base member, and 12a the side flanges thereof, the rear end of the base being preferably raised somewhat as at 13a and having formed in the forward end of its flange portion a key-hole slot 13b, and adjacent its rear end and rearwardly of said key-hole slot, an elongated slot 15a. A hollow convex palm rest section 16a is pivoted at its forward end to the flanges 12a and is provided at its forward end and at a point above the restricted end of the key-hole slot 15a with an aperture 17a providing the palm rest at that point with an annular locking shoulder. From the under face of the palm rest section adjacent the forward end of the slot 15a a bracket 18a extends inwardly. Complemental links 19a are pivoted to this bracket and extend through the elongated slot 15a in the base member. The flanges 12a adjacent their rear ends are provided with complemental alined cam slots 20a, these slots at their rear ends being provided with annular extensions or offsets forming locking shoulders 21a. The links 19a at their rear ends carry a clamping roller 22a whose spindle 23a guides in the cam slots 20a, the width of these slots corresponding substantially to the diameter of the spindle. The operation of this form is substantially the same as that of the first form of the cap piece described. The base member is seated on the cap screw and over the cutter in the same manner and the palm rest section is moved downwardly relative thereto, this movement moving the links 19a and their roller 22a downwardly, the cam slots 20a guiding the roller 22a into frictional clamping engagement with the upper face of the cutter and the spindles 23a of this roller seating at the end of its clamping roller in the offset extensions of these cam slots and engaging the locking shoulders to detachably lock the cap 6 in clamping frictional engagement with the cutter.

While we have herein illustrated preferable embodiments of the invention, it will, of course, be evident that the same is susceptible of modification in structure and relative arrangement of parts, within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

What we claim, therefore, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :–

1. A cap piece for use in connection with plane bodies provided with abutment studs projecting upwardly from the cutter seats thereon, comprising a base adapted to be seated over a cutter, a palm rest pivotally secured to said base, a clamping lever carried by one of said parts, arranged upon movement of said palm rest relative to said base, to cooperate with means carried by the other of said parts to thereby clamp a cutter on its seat, said clamping means including a cam on one of said cooperating parts having a locking shoulder thereon, and a member carried by the other of said parts engaging said cam and arranged to engage said shoulder to lock said clamping lever in cutter clamping position.

2. A cap piece for use in connection with plane bodies provided with abutment studs projecting upwardly from the cutter seats thereon, comprising a base adapted to be seated over a cutter with its abutment stud projecting therethrough, a palm rest pivotally secured to said base and provided with a shoulder arranged to engage said stud upon relative movement of said palm rest and base, a clamping lever carried by one of said parts arranged, upon such relative movement, to cooperate with means carried by the other of said parts to thereby move said lever to clamp a cutter on its seat, said clamping means including a cam on one of said cooperating parts having a locking shoulder thereon, and a member carried by the other of said parts engaging said cam and arranged, upon such relative movement, to engage said shoulder whereby said clamping lever is detachably locked in cutter clamping position.

3. A cap piece for use in connection with plane bodies provided with abutment studs projecting upwardly from the cutter seats thereon, comprising a base adapted to be seated over a cutter, a palm rest pivotally secured to said base, a clamping lever pivotally carried by said palm rest and guiding on said base, a cam slot formed in one of said parts, said slot having an offset therein forming a locking shoulder, and a stud carried by the other of said parts engaging in said cam slot and arranged upon movement of said palm rest relative to said base, to move said clamping lever into frictional clamping engagement with a plane cutter, said stud at the end of such clamping movement, being positioned within said slot offset and against said shoulder to thereby detachably lock said parts in counter clamping position.

4. A cap piece for use in connection with plane bodies provided with abutment studs projecting upwardly from the cutter seats thereon, comprising a base adapted to be seated over a cutter with its abutment stud projecting therethrough, a palm rest pivotally secured to said base and provided with a shoulder arranged to engage said stud upon relative movement of said palm rest and base, a clamping lever pivotally carried by said palm rest and guiding on said base, and arranged, upon such relative movement of the parts, to cooperate with means carried by said base to clamp a cutter on its seat, said clamping means including a cam slot formed in one of said parts and having an offset thereon providing a locking shoulder or abutment, and a stud carried by the other of said parts engaging in said cam slot and arranged, upon movement of said palm rest relative to said base, to move said clamping lever into frictional clamping engagement with a plane cutter, said stud engaging with said shoulder or abutment at the end of such relative movement, to detachably lock said clamping lever in cutter clamping position.

CHRISTIAN BODMER.
JAMES M. BURDICK.

Witnesses:
ALBERT W. RITTER,
PHILIP B. STANLEY.

_________________

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the “Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.”
_________________

No. 1,059,137 – Plane (John P. Gage) (1913)

[paiddownloads id=”691″]1059137

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN P. GAGE, OF VINELAND, NEW JERSEY.

PLANE.

_________________

1,059,137. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 15, 1913.
Application filed July 25, 1912. Serial No. 711,586.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. GAGE, a citizen of the United States, resident of Vineland, in the county of Cumberland and State of New Jersey, have made a certain new and useful Invention in Planes; and I declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a central vertical longitudinal section of the invention. Fig. 2 is a detail plan view of the plane stock. Fig. 3 is a detail plan view of the cutting plate and the guide clamp. Fig. 4 is a detail plan view of the cap iron.

The invention is designed to simplify and improve the carpenters’ plane, and particularly the block plane, in such wise as to provide advantages relating to its durability and useful facilities; and it consists in the novel construction and combinations of parts, as hereinafter set forth.

In the annexed drawings the numeral 2 indicates a plane stock; 3 a cap iron; 4 a cutting plate or bit, and 5 a guide clamp which is secured to the bit.

The plane stock is provided with integral inclined bearings 6 on the upper or inner surface of its bottom, in rear of the transverse slot 7 through which the cutting bit is designed to protrude, these bearings coinciding in their inclination with the beveled bearing 8 of the bottom, which extends to the acute rear margin of the slot. The front margin of this slot is formed by a transverse rib 9 which connects the side walls 12, 12, which are substantially parallel and form guides for the movement of the cap iron and bit. Connecting these walls, in the throat of the stock, above and in rear of the slot, is a cross bar or bearing 14, which is perforated and threaded for the passage of a strong set screw 15, the axial direction of which is designed to be substantially in line with that portion of the bottom which is adjacent to the acute edge of the transverse slot. The cutting plate or bit 4 is designed to rest on the bearings 6 and 8, and as the setting and securing devices are located above it, this cutting plate can be disposed at a very low angle, suitable for a plane of the character indicated.

The cutting plate or bit is provided with the usual series of adjustment slots, and on the upper surface of this plate is adjusted and secured the holding or guiding clamp 5, which consists of a longitudinal base portion 16 and an upward projection or lug 17 which is provided with a bearing recess 18, open at its upper end and provided with an open-top slot bearing in rear to receive the neck of an adjusting screw 19. The base of the holding clamp is provided with a threaded aperture for a clamp screw, extending through a slot of the cutter plate. The base of this clamp 5 has parallel sides, and it is designed to engage and slide in a parallel-side recess 20 in the bottom of the cap iron 3. The bottom of the cap iron is plane to lit neatly the top of the bit, at the sides of the clamp lug. The top of the cap iron is made with a beveled front wall 21, a sloping angular bearing 22 in rear of the top of this front wall and lateral bearings or lugs 13 in line with each other and designed to engage the transverse bar 14 of the plane stock when the cap iron is forced into position. The cap iron is provided with a middle opening or slot 23 for the reception of the clamp lug, and in rear of this opening is provided a transverse bearing 24 in which is made a threaded opening for engagement with the adjusting screw 19. The shouldered end of this adjusting screw engages neatly the bearing recess 18 of the clamp lug 5, so that the adjustment of this screw moves the clamp and cutter plate backward or forward with reference to the cap iron, which therefore forms the principal or purchase element for this adjustment.

In a plane of this character the cap iron is designed to be provided with a bowed handle portion or push bearing 25 of sufficient height and span to protect the adjusting screw and allow removal of the cutter and clamp.

The front of the cap iron is of proper height to pass easily under the transverse bar or bearing 14 of the stock. And when the cutting plate, properly and securely fastened to its guide clamp, is provided with its cap iron in engagement with the adjusting screw, a combination of parts is formed which is designed to be placed on the bottom inclines of the stock and, if the set screw 15 is raised, will easily slide forward to position. In normal position the bearings 13 of the cap iron abut against the bar 14 of the stock, and the sloping bearing 22 lies under this bar. The screw 15 being now set down firmly against this sloping bearing, operates to drive the cap iron forcibly home against the transverse bar or bearing 14, and to clamp the cap iron firmly in place on the cutter plate. Adjustment of the bit is easily effected by means of the adjusting screw of the cap iron.

This plane is designed to be in a manner self-setting as its cap iron and plane iron fit together accurately beforehand, and when simply laid in place will slide forward to true position. When the cutting plate is properly secured to its guide clamp, no adjustment of the holding or setting parts is required, except in regard to the operation of the set screw and the adjusting screw. The simple devices of this plane can be taken apart and put together exactly as they were in a few seconds.

The setting and holding devices of the plane are placed above the cutting plate, in such wise that the latter may be arranged at as low an angle as may be required. The cap and plane iron are forced to accurate position and held therein by a single set screw, and without other care and attention than is required to turn the screw forcibly home.

In taking out the bit and cap iron no movement of the adjusting screw is required. The set screw being loosened up sufficiently, the cap iron, guide clamp and cutting plate will slide back and, without moving the adjusting screw, the cap-iron can be lifted from the cutter plate. Upon replacing the parts without adjustment of the screw of the cap iron, the bit takes its former position with relation to the cap iron accurately, so that when placed in the stock the cap iron will take normal position therein and there will be no change in its shaving adjustment. It is designed to provide in this plane practical operating parts which will when once adjusted always go together in accurate and true position with relation to each other to secure the same thickness of shaving without further operation of means of adjustment.

Having described the invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a plane, a stock having a threaded bearing, a cutter plate, a slotted cap iron on said plate having a threaded bearing, a guide clamp for said plate having an upward projecting bearing lug engaging the slot of the cap iron, an adjusting screw in the threaded bearing of the cap iron engaging said bearing lug, and a set screw in the threaded bearing of the stock engaging the cap iron.

2. In a plane, a stock having bottom inclines extending to its cutter slot, a cutter plate, a slotted cap iron provided with an adjusting screw, a guide clamp secured to the upper face of said plate and engaging the slot of the cap iron and having a bearing engaging said adjusting screw, and a set screw for the cap iron engaging a bearing of the stock.

3. In a plane, the combination with a stock having lateral parallel guide walls, bottom inclines and a threaded bearing over said bottom inclincs and a cutting plate engaging said inclines, of a cap iron engaging said guide walls and said cutting plate, a guide clamp for the cutting plate and engaging the cap iron, a set screw engaging the threaded bearing of the stock, and means in connection with said cap iron for adjusting said guide clamp and its plate to said cap iron.

4. In a plane, a stock having bearing and a threaded bearing in its throat, a cap iron having a front sloping bearing and lateral lugs to engage said transverse bearing, a cutter plate, means for adjustably connecting the cutter plate and cap iron and a set screw engaging the threaded bearing of the stock and the sloping bearing of the cap iron.

5. In a plane, a stock having bottom inclines and a threaded transverse bar over the same, a cap iron having a sloping front bearing and lugs to engage said bar, a guiding clamp for the cutter plate having sliding engagement with said cap iron, and means in connection with the latter for adjusting the guiding clamp and its cutter plate.

6. In a plane, the combination with a plane stock having bottom inclines, a threaded bearing over the same and a set screw therein, of a cutter plate on said inclines, a guiding clamp secured to the top of the cutter plate, a cap iron engaging the top of the cutter plate, and an adjusting screw engaging the cutter plate, and an adjusting screw engaging the guide clamp and the cap iron.

7. In a plane, the combination with a plane stock having bottom inclines and a set screw engaging a bearing of said stock above said inclines, of a cutter plate on said inclines, a guiding clamp secured to said cutter plate, an adjusting screw engaging said guiding clamp, and a normally stationary cap iron engaging the stock, the cutter plate, the guiding clamp, the set screw and the adjusting screw.

8. In a plane, a stock having bottom inclines, a set screw engaging a bearing of said stock above said inclines, a cutter plate on said inclines, a guiding clamp secured to the top of said plate, a normally stationary cap iron clamped on top of said plate by the set screw, and an adjusting screw connecting the cap iron and the guiding clamp.

9. A plane having a parallel-wall stock, low bottom inclines, and a bearing of said stock substantially over the cutter slot, a cutter plate on said inclines, a guiding clamp secured to the top of the cutter plate, a normally stationary cap iron on top of said cutter plate, an adjusting screw connecting the cap iron and the guiding clamp, and a set screw in a bearing of said stock engaging said cap iron.

10. In a plane, a parallel-wall stock having a transverse bearing, a cutter plate, a cap iron normally abutting against said bearing, a guiding clamp on top of said cutter plate, an adjusting screw, a set screw, and means in connection with said cap iron and set screw for forcing the cap iron to normal position against said bearing.

11. In a plane, a parallel-wall stock having a threaded transverse bearing in its throat, a cutter plate, a guiding clamp secured to its top, a cap iron engaging said clamp and abutting against the transverse bearing and having a push handle, an adjusting screw connecting said cap iron and guiding clamp, and a set screw engaging said transverse bearing and the cap iron.

12. In a plane, the combination with a parallel-wall stock, a transverse threaded bearing bar in its throat and a set screw in said bar, of a cutter plate, an adjustable clamping guide secured thereon, and a cap iron having normal position abutting said bar and engaged by said set screw.

13. In a plane, the combination with a stock and a threaded transverse bar in its throat, of a cutter plate, a guiding clamp above the cutter plate, a cap iron, means of adjustment connecting the guiding clamp and its cutter plate to the cap iron, and a set screw engaging said threaded transverse bar.

14. A cap iron of a plane having a central guide slot to engage a projection of a clamp for the bit, a threaded bearing in rear of said slot for an adjusting screw to engage said clamp, lateral lugs controlling its normal position in the stock, and a sloping angular bearing adapted to operate under the pressure of a set screw of the stock to force the cap iron to normal position.

15. A plane having in its throat a transverse bearing bar, a cutter plate, movable guiding means for clamping said cutter plate, movable means for adjusting and holding the clamping means, and means in connection withsaid transverse bearing bar for forcing the adjusting and holding means to normal fixed position against said transverse bar.

16. The combination with a parallel-wall stock having a transverse bar and bottom inclines, of a sliding cutter plate, a guide clamp carried thereby, a cap iron engaging said guide clamp, means of adjustment connecting the guide clamp and cap iron, and means for securing the cap iron in its lowest position against the transverse bar.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN P. GAGE.

Witnesses:
SADIE HOFFMAN,
H. D. STANNARD.

_________________

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the “Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.”
_________________

No. 1,053,356 – Plane (James M. Burdick And Hubert P. Richards) (1913)

[paiddownloads id=”689″]1053356

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES M. BURDICK AND HUBERT P. RICHARDS, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO THE
STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

1,053,356. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 18, 1913.
Application filed July 11, 1912. Serial No. 708,763.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JAMES M. BURDICK and HUBERT P. RICHARDS, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to an improvement in the construction of planes, and is more particularly concerned with the construction of a detachable cap piece for the cutter or “plane iron”. In such cap pieces, it has hitherto been the practice to provide a detachable cap piece provided with means for engaging with the cutter and clamping it in position upon its seat upon the plane body.

The present invention contemplates forming such a cap piece as a base portion adapted to be seated on the plane body and to engage and fulcrum on an abutment carried thereby, and a palm rest connected with and movable relatively to said base portion, the latter being provided with a clamping lever and the palm rest being operatively connected therewith so that when moved relative to the base, it will move said clamping lever into and out of engagement with the plane cutter. Furthermore the cap is so constructed that when the palm rest is moved to clamp the cutter on its seat, the base is locked against movement relative to its fulcruin and the clamping lever and its connections are themselves automatically locked against accidental retraction from such clamping position.

In the drawings, which illustrate a preferable embodiment of the present invention; Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a standard type of plane equipped with a detachable cap constructed in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the cap detached from the plane body.

Referring to the drawings by numerals: 1 designates the body of a plane provided with side walls or flanges 2 and a detachable shoe 3 at the forward end thereof, a throat le being formed at the forward end of the plane and in the rear of the detachable shoe portion thereof. 4 designates a frog or seat for the forward end of the “plane iron” or cutter, and 5 an interiorly threaded boss projecting upwardly from the plane body and carrying what is commonly termed a “cap screw” 6 provided with the usual headed end 6a. An adjusting lever 10 has its forward end seated over the boss 5 and the plane is provided with a second adjusting device comprising a lever member 8 pivotally mounted at its forward end in the plane body and engaged at its rear end by an adjusting nut 9. A “plane iron” or cutter 7 is seated on the body of the plane with its forward end resting upon the frog or seat 4 and its cutting edge projecting into the throat 1a, the intermediate portions of the cutter resting respectively over the forward ends of the adjusting lever 10 and of the second adjusting lever 8. This cutter is provided with the usual longitudinal slot through which the cap screw 6 projects and through and within which the adjusting head 10a extends, and with a plurality of corrugations 7b formed in its under face which are engaged by the forward end of the adjusting lever 8 to effect vertical adjustment of the cutting edge of the cutter. The lever 10, through its adjusting head 10a, effects angular adjustment of said cutting edge within the throat 1a, while the adjusting lever 8 is adapted to tilt the cutter to move its cutting edge vertically in said throat and thereby adjust the depth of cut.

The parts so far described are merely those of a standard type of plane which has been selected for the illustrative application of the detachable cap embodying our invention.

The cap constituting the present invention embodies a base plate 11 having its forward end 11a curved downwardly to engage with the forward end of the cutter 7. At its rear end the base plate 11 is provided with trunnions 12 formed by rolling back the rear edge of the base plate. A narrow slot 13 extends forwardly and centrally from the rear end of the base plate and is provided with an enlargement 14 forming a continuation thereof and with a second enlargement 15 forming the terminal of the slot. The under face of the base plate at either side of the terminal enlargement 15 is provided with downwardly extending ears 16. A hollow convex body 17 forming a palm rest has its forward end narrowed and provided with spaced lugs 18 fitting through the terminal slot 15 in the base plate and lying in transverse alinement with the ears 16. A link member 19 has its forward end formed as a U shaped bracket 19a and has its rearwardly extending end slotted to form spaced links 19b. The forward bracket end of this link member is seated between the spaced lugs 18 of the palm rest and a pivoted pin 20 is inserted through alining apertures formed in the ear 16, lugs 18 and bracket end 19a of the link member, thereby pivotally connecting the palm rest to the base plate and journaling the link member 19 on the pin 20. A lever member 21 forming in effect a bell crank lever is pivotally mounted at the apex of its angle between the trunnions 12 by means of a pivot pin 22, the lever extending down through the slots 13, 14, and having its lower end formed as a cam 23. The forward end of this bell crank lever is formed with a slot 24 and is positioned between the spaced links 19b at the rear end of link member 19, a pin 25 connecting these links and extending through the slot 24 in the forward end of the lever. The slotted enlargement 14 is of sufficient width to admit the movement of the link ends 19b therethrough and the lugs and the terminal enlargement 15 is of sufficient width to permit the insertion therethrough of the lugs 18 depending from the forward end of the palm rest and positioned between the ears 19 of the base plate 11. It will be evident from the foregoing that when the palm rest 17 is moved on its pivot pin 20 relative to the base plate, it will through the connecting link member 19, move the bell crank lever to bring its cam end into and out of engagement with the cutter 7. The connection of link member 19 with the slotted end of the bell crank lever 21 is such that when the palm rest is moved downwardly to bring the cam end of the lever into cutter clamping position, the link and lever automatically lock themselves against accidental retracting movement. This is caused by the fact that the pin 25 connecting the link member 19 with the bell crank lever 21 is brought below the “dead center” between pivot points 20 and 22 when the palm rest is so moved (see Fig. 1).

The base plate 11 adjacent its forward end and centrally thereof is provided a key-hole slot 26, the enlarged portion of the slot being at the forward end of the base plate and the end of the narrowed portion of the slot rearwardly of the base plate being beveled to conform to the beveling of the head 6a of the cap screw.

With the foregoing construction of the parts in mind the operation and use of the cap is as follows: Assuming that the cutter 7 is seated on the plane body as shown in Fig. 1, with the cap screw 6 extending through the slot 7a therein and the cutter being properly positioned relative to the adjusting devices, the cap with the palm rest raised, is seated thereover by bringing the enlarged end of the key-hole slot 20 over the head of cap screw 6 and then moving the base plate 11 downwardly on the cutter to bring the narrowed portion of the key-hole slot around the head 6a of the cap screw and with the beveled edges of the base plate at the end of said slot abutting against the head 6a. The palm rest 17 may now be moved downwardly this movement causing the base plate to press against and fulcrum on the abutment formed by the headed cap screw 6 and causing the pin 25 carried by the link member 19 to move in the slot 24 of lever 21 and move the cam 23 at the lower end of said lever into frictional clamping engagement with the upper face of the cutter 7 (or when a clamping plate is employed in conjunction with the cutter, into frictional clamping engagement with said plate). The pin 25 will then be beyond the dead center and the link member and clamping lever will therefore be automatically locked against accidental retracting movement. This will also hold the beveled edges of the base plate 11 at the end of the key-hole slot locked against the head 6a of the cap screw abutment thereby affording additional means for preventing movement of the base plate and cap relative to the plane body during service and retaining the cap and its parts in clamping position on the cutter. The degree of frictional clamping engagement of the cam with the cutter is such that the cutter is held fixed on its seat during ordinary service but may be adjusted relative to the cap piece and plane body at any time and by any suitable means without loosening the cap piece or moving it relative to the plane body.

To detach the cap from the plane, it is only necessary to move the palm rest upwardly from the base plate, the application of sufficient force causing the pin 25 to move in slot 24 of the lever and by frictional contact therewith move said lever and its cam end from frictional clamping engagement with the cutter 7. When this has been accomplished, the pressure against the fulcrum head 6a of the cap screw is removed and the base plate 11 may now be moved upwardly on the cutter 7 to bring the enlarged end of its key-hole slot in line with the head of the cam screw, whereupon the cap may be readily detached from the cutter and plane body.

We are aware that the broad combination of elements recited herein is described and claimed in the co-pending application of Christian Bodmer and James M. Burdick, Serial No. 708,733, and lay no claim to such broad combination, our present invention residing in the specific structure embodying such broad combination, as illustrated and described herein and as recited in the appended claims. Furthermore, we desire it understood that while we have described and shown a specific structural embodiment of cap, its structure may be varied in detail within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

What we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a plane in combination, a body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment carried by said body and a detachable cap comprising a base adapted to be seated over said cutter and engage the forward end thereof and also adapted to engage said abutment, and a palm rest pivotally connected adjacent one end to said base between its ends, a separately formed bell-crank lever pivotally carried by said base in rear of the pivoted end of said palm rest and intermediate the ends of the cap, said lever being provided with a cam member adapted to clamp the cutter on its seat, and said lever being actuated by the movement of said palm rest relative to said base to clamp said cutter on its seat.

2. In a plane, in combination, a body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment carried by said body and a detachable cap comprising a base adapted to be seated over said cutter and engage the forward end thereof and also adapted to engage said abutment, and a palm rest pivotally connected adjacent one end of said base between its ends, a separately formed bell-crank lever pivotally carried by said base in rear of the pivoted end of said palm rest and between the ends of the cap, said lever being provided with a cam adapted to clamp the cutter on its seat, operative connections between said palm rest and said bell-crank lever whereby movement of said palm rest relative to said base actuates said lever to clamp said cutter on its seat, said base fulcruming on and being locked against said abutment when the parts are so moved.

3. In a plane, in combination, a body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment carried by said body and a detachable cap comprising a base adapted to be seated over said cutter and engage the forward end thereof and also adapted to engage said abutment, and a palm rest pivotally connected adjacent one end of said base between its ends, a separately formed bell-crank lever pivotally carried by said base in rear of the pivoted end of said palm rest and between the ends of the cap, said lever being provided with a cam adapted to clamp the cutter on its seat, operative connections between said palm rest and said bell-crank lever whereby movement of said palm rest relative to said base actuates said lever to clamp said cutter on its seat, said base fulcruming on and being locked against said abutment when the parts are so moved, and said clamping lever and its connection to said palm rest automatically locking themselves against accidental retracting movement.

4. In a plane, in combination, a body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment projecting upwardly from said plane body, and a detachable cap for said cutter comprising a base slotted adjacent its rear end, and adapted to be seated over said cutter and engage said abutment, a palm rest having its forward end extending through the slotted portion of said base and pivotally connected to the under side thereof and movable relative thereto, a bell crank lever pivotally mounted at the rear end of said base and extending downwardly through the slot therein and having one end formed as a cam adapted to engage and clamp said cutter on its seat, a link carried by the forward pivoted end of said palm rest, and pin and slot connections between the other end of said lever and said link whereby when said palm rest is moved relative to said base, said cam is moved into and out of clamping engagement with said cutter, said base fulcruming on and being locked against said abutment and said palm rest housing said lever and its connections against accidental displacement when the parts are moved to cutter clamping position.

JAMES M. BURDICK.
HUBERT P. RICHARDS.

Witnesses:
I. W. CHAPMAN,
W. J . WORAM.

_________________

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the “Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.”
_________________

No. 1,053,274 – Plane (James M. Burdick And Christian Bodmer) (1913)

[paiddownloads id=”688″]1053274

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES M. BURDICK AND CHRISTIAN BODMER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO THE
STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

1,053,274. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented feb. 21, 1913.
Application filed July 11, 1912. Serial No. 708,762.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JAMES M. BURDICK and CHRISTIAN BODMER, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, Hartford county, State of Connecticut, respectively, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to an improvement in the construction of planes, and is more particularly concerned with the construction of a detachable cap piece for the cutter or “plane iron”. In such cap pieces, it has hitherto been the practice to provide a detachable cap piece provided with means for engaging with the cutter and clamping it in position upon its seat upon the plane body.

Our invention contemplates employing such a cap piece and utilizing one of the parts thereof as a palm rest. More specifically, the invention contemplates the employement of a base plate adapted to be seated over the cutter and a relatively movable palm rest portion, the cutter clamping means being carried by said cap piece and placed in clamping position by the movement of the palm rest relative to the base plate when the cap is seated on the plane over the cutter. In such a construction the locking parts are housed within the palm rest portion of the cap and thereby protected against accidental displacement. Furthermore, the cap is locked against loosening movement on the plane after the parts have once been moved to clamping position. Such a construction is shown and broadly claimed in our co-pending application Serial No. 708,733.

Our present invention comprises a new specific embodiment of the broad combinations of structure contained in said co-pending application and comprises more especially the specific combinations of parts recited in detail in the following specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a standard type of plane equipped with a detachable cap constructed in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through a modified form of cap detached from the plane body.

Referring to the drawings by numerals: 1 designates the body of a plane provided with side walls or flanges 2 and a detachable shoe 3 at the forward end thereof, a throat 1a being formed at the forward end of the plane and in the rear of the detachable shoe portion thereof. 4 designates a frog or seat for the forward end of the “plane iron” or cutter, and 5 an interiorly threaded boss projecting upwardly from the plane body and carrying what is commonly termed a “cap screw” 6 provided with the usual headed end 6a. An adjusting lever 10 has its forward end seated over the boss 5 and is provided with an adjusting head 10a. To the rear of said head is a second adjusting device comprising a lever member 8 plvotally mounted at its forward end in the plane body and engaged at its rear end by an adjusting nut 9. A “plane iron” or cutter 7 is seated on the body of the plane with its forward end resting upon the frog or seat A and its cutting edge projecting into the throat 1a, the intermediate portions of the cutter resting respectively over the forward ends of the adjusting lever 10 and of the second adjusting lever 8. This cutter is provided with the usual longitudinal slot 7a through which the cap screw 6 projects and through and within which the adjusting head 10a extends, and with a plurality of corrugations 7b formed in its under face which are engaged by the forward end of the adjusting lever 8 to effect vertical adjustment of the cutting edge of the cutter. The lever 10, through its adjusting head 10a, effects lateral or angular adjustment of said cutting edge.

The parts so far described are merely those of a standard type of plane which has been selected for the illustrative application of the detachable cap embodying our invention. This cap embodies a base plate 11 having its forward end beveled and adapted for engagement with the forward end of the cutter 7, and is provided with the side walls or flanges 12. A pivot pin 13 extends transversely of the base plate 11 through the side walls 12 thereof, and has pivotally mounted upon its ends the forward ends of a palm rest section 14 the rear portion of which is formed as a hollow convex body serving as a palm rest. The body of the base plate adjacent the location of the forward end of the palm rest section is provided with a key-hole slot 15, and rearwardly thereof and adjacent the end of the base plate, with a second slot 16 through which extends the lower end of a lever member 17 pivotally carried by said base plate by means of the pivot pin 18 extending transversely of the base plate between the side walls 12 thereof. The lower edge of this lever is formed as a cam 19 and its upper end is formed with a curved oifset provided with a curved slot 20 therein. Projecting downwardly from the interior face of the palm rest 14 is an arm or bracket 21 provided with a pin 22 fitting within the curved slot 20 and designed, when the palm rest section is moved relative to the base plate, to cooperate with said slot and the upper end of said lever to move the lower cam end of the lever toward and away from the upper face of the cutter 7, or, when a clamping plate is employed in connection with said cutter, toward and away from said clamping plate. The forward end of the palm rest section of the cap in alinement with the forward edge of the keyhole slot 15 of the base plate, is provided with an aperture 23 designed to lit over the head 6a of the cap screw when the palm rest is moved downwardly, the sides of the palm rest adjacent said aperture forming an annular shoulder engaging the abutment formed by the head of said cap screw.

In Fig. 2, the cap shown therein is provided with the base plate 11, side walls or flanges 12, pivot pin 13, palm rest 14 pivotally carried thereby, keyhole slot 15, a second slot 16 to the rear of said keyhole slot and adjacent the rear of the base plate, and with an aperture 23 in alinement with the forward edge of the keyhole slot, these parts being the same as those shown and described in connection with Fig. 1. The lever member 17a, however, which is pivotally mounted in the base plate by means of the pivot pin 18a and has its lower end formed as a cam 19a is provided with a rearwardly extending offset instead of the forwardly extending curved offset shown in Fig. 1. This rearwardly extending offset is provided with a curved slot 20a and an arm or bracket 21a extending downwardly from the inner face of the palm rest section 14 and carries a pin 22a engaging in and cooperating with the curved slot 20a and the upper end of the lever member 17a’ to move the lower cam end 19a of the lever into and out of clamping engagement with the face of the cutter 7.

The application and operation of both forms of cap is substantially the same, and is as follows: Assuming that the cutter 7 is seated on the plane body and its parts, as is shown in Fig. 1, the detachable cap is seated over said cutter by bringing the enlarged end of the keyhole slot 15 in its base plate 11 over the head of the cap screw 6 and then moving the base plate and its attached palm rest section upwardly on the cutter to bring the narrow portion of the keyhole slot under the head 6a of the cap screw. When this is being done, the palm rest section of the cap is in raised position, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1 of the drawings. After the base plate has been engaged with the cutter and cap screw 6, as described, the palm rest section is swung downwardly relatively to the base plate, this movement, through pins 22–22a, swinging the lower cam edges 19–19a of the clamping levers into frictional clamping engagement with the upper face of the cutter 7 so that by the time the pins 22–22a reach the lower ends of slots 20–20a to stop the further relative movement between the palm rest and base plate, the cam ends 19–19a will have frictionally engaged and securely clamped the cutter 7 in position on the plane body. This clamping engagement is such that it holds the cutter so tightly on its seat that under ordinary service conditions, its position relative to the plane body will remain unchanged. The cutter, however, is always capable of being adjusted without in any way loosening the cap.

Owing to the engagement of the keyhole slot 15 with the cap screw 6, there is a possibility that during service the cap might be loosened and slide longitudinally of the cutter 7 despite the fact that its bottom plate is held to said cutter by the frictional engagement therewith of its clamping lever. The provision of the apertures 23 in the forward end of the palm rest section is designed to prevent any possibility of such movement, and when the palm rest is moved downwardly to actuate the clamping lever to frictional clamping engagement with the cutter, the head 6a of the cap screw projects through this aperture 23, the edges of the palm rest section adjacent said aperture forming annular shoulders engaging the abutment formed by the head of the cap screw and preventing movement of the cap relative to the plane body.

To detach the cap from the plane, it is only necessary to move the palm rest upwardly from the base plate, the application of sufiicient force causing the pin 22 or 22a to move in the curved slot of the clamping lever member and by frictional pressure, move the lower cam end of the lever out of clamping engagement with the cutter 7. When the palm rest has thus been moved upwardly and the cam end of the lever retracted from engagement with the cutter, the forward apertured end of this palm rest section will have been moved from locking engagement with the head of the cap screw, and the base plate 11 may now be moved downwardly on the cutter 7 to bring the enlarged end of the keyhole slot in line with the cap screw 6, whereupon the base plate and its attached palm rest may be removed from the cutter and plane body.

The structure of the cap and its connections is susceptible of modification within the spirit of our invention and the scope of the appended claims.

What we claim, therefore, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a plane, in combination, a body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment carried by said body and a detachable cap comprising a base adapted to be seated over said cutter and engage the forward end thereof and also adapted to engage said abutment, and a palm rest pivotally connected adjacent one end to said base between its ends, a separately formed cam lever being pivotally carried by one of said parts in rear of the pivoted end of the palm rest and having a curved slot therein, and a pin being carried by the other of said parts and being seated in said curved slot whereby the movement of said palm rest relative to its base actuates said cam lever to clamp said cutter on its seat.

2. In a plane, in combination, a body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment carried by said body and a detachable cap comprising a base adapted to be seated over said cutter and engage the forward end thereof and also adapted to engage said abutment, and a palm rest pivotally connected adjacent one end to said base between its ends, a separately formed cam lever being pivotally carried by one of said parts in rear of the pivoted end of the palm rest and having a curved slot therein, and a pin being carried by the other of said parts and being seated in said curved slot whereby the movement of said palm rest relative to its base actuates said cam lever to clamp said cutter on its seat, the end of said palm rest being provided with a shoulder adapted to engage said abutment upon such movement to thereby lock the cap against movement relative to the abutment and its plane body.

JAMES M. BURDICK.
CHRISTIAN BODMER.

Witnesses:
I. W. CHAPMAN,
W. J. WORAM.

_________________

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the “Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.”
_________________

No. 1,053,270 – Plane (Christian Bodmer And James M. Burdick) (1913)

[paiddownloads id=”687″]1053270

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHRISTIAN BODMER AND JAMES M. BURDICK, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO THE
STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

1,053,270. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 18, 1913.
Application filed July 10, 1913. Serial No. 708,733.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHRISTIAN BODMER and JAMES M. BURDICK, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, Hartford county, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to planes and particularly to an improved form of “plane iron” or cutter cap.

In planes heretofore it has been customary to provide the cutters or “plane irons” with a detachable cap piece adapted to be seated thereover and provided with means for clamping the cutter in its adjusted position on its seat.

Our invention contemplates forming such a detachable cap with a plurality of relatively movable parts, one of which constitutes a palm rest, the cap being provided with means cooperating in one position of the parts to clamp the cutter in position on its seat against accidental displacement and to hold the cap against movement when in such locking position. The clamping of the cutter on its seat is such that it may be adjusted through suitable means without disturbing the position of the cap parts which will act to hold the cutter in its new position against accidental displacement.

In the specific embodiment of the invention selected for illustration, the parts easily susceptible of accidental actuation are housed within the palm rest when the cap is seated over the cutter in clamping position, and are thereby protected against accidental actuation to destroy the adjustment. In addition the positioning of the parts of the cap over the cutter to hold the same upon its seat against accidental displacement serves to retain the cap on the cutter against displacement relative thereto and to the plane, although, of course, adjustment of the cutter itself is possible as already stated. These and other advantages will be seen from the more detailed description following and from the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a standard type of plane equipped with one form of detachable cutter cap constructed in accordance with our invention. Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the cap shown in Fig. 1, detached from the plane. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through a detachable cap of slightly modified form with the parts thereof in locking position and the cooperating parts of the plane omitted, the palm rest being shown in dotted lines in raised unlocked position. Fig. 4 is a partial end view of the cap shown in Fig. 3, the palm rest being raised. Fig. 5 is a bottom plan view of the cap shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of another modified form of cap. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary plan view of a cap illustrating a modified form of locking abutment shoulder.

Referring to the drawings by numerals: 1 indicates the body of a plane of conventional design and 2 the side flanges or walls thereof. 3 denotes a detachable shoe carried by the forward end of the plane body, a throat 1a being formed in the body adjacent and to the rear of said shoe.

4 indicates a frog or se-at for the end of the cutter and 5 an interiorly apertured and threaded boss projecting upwardly from the body of the plane intermediate its ends and to the rear of the frog or seat 4. Screwed into the threaded aperture of and extending from the boss 5, is what is commonly termed a “cap screw” 6 forming an abutment for the cap. A plane iron or cutter 7 provided with the usual longitudinal slot 7a and corrugations 7b on its under face, is seated on the plane body with its forward end resting upon the frog 4 and its cutting edge extending into and through the throat 1a. The corrugated under face of the cutter 7 rests upon and is engaged by the toothed end of a pivoted adjusting lever 8 having a cooperating actuator member 9 and designed to be operated to effect vertical adjustment of the cutting edge of the cutter 7 in the usual manner. An adjusting lever 10 is mounted upon the boss 5 and carries an adjusting head 10a which fits through the longitudinal slot forming the cutter, and is adapted to be moved through the lever 10 to effect angular adjustment of the cutting edge of the cutter 7. The cutter itself rests on the plane body with its forward edge supported on the frog or seat 4 and its intermediate portions seated over the ends of adjusting levers 10 and 8. The cap screw 6 extends up through the longitudinal slot 7a formed in the cutter and is provided with the usual shouldered head 6a.

The parts so far described are merely those of a standard type of plane selected as a type appropriate for use with the detachable cap embodying our invention. This cap is preferably formed of either cast iron or steel, or of a combination of both. In Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings we have shown a cap as formed of cast iron and in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 the cap shown therein illustrates the article as made from steel. Referring more specifically to the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, this cap embodies a base plate 11 having a beveled forward edge 11a and side walls 12 extending around the edges of the plate from its forward end. A slot 13 is formed in and extends longitudinally of the base plate from its rear end and terminates at its outer end in a key-hole slotted portion 14. Intermediate of its ends, base plate 11 is formed with bearings 15 projecting inwardly from the side walls 12 and serving as journals for pivot pins 16 on which are pivotally mounted the forward end portions 17 of a hollow convexed body 18 forming a palm rest. A lever 19 extends within the slot 13 adjacent its rear end and is pivotally mounted upon the base plate by means of the pivot pin 20 extending transversely of the base at such point and mounted in the side walls 12 thereof. The lower edge of this lever 19 is formed as a cam 21 and its upper end is shouldered at 22 and a link 23 pivoted thereto at 24. The other end of this link is pivotally carried at 26 by a bearing bracket 25 extending from the under face of the palm rest 18. This palm rest at its forward end and in alinement with the forward or narrow end of the key-hole slot 14, is provided with an aperture 27 designed to fit over the head 6a of the cap screw, the edges of the palm rest adjacent said aperture forming an annular shoulder engaging the abutment formed by the head of said cap screw.

In the operation of the cap thus described, the cutter 7 being seated in proper position on the plane body with its cutting edge suitably adjusted, the base plate is seated over the head of the cap screw 6 with the enlarged portion of the key-hole slot over the head of the screw 6 and is moved upwardly to bring the narrowed portion of the key-hole slot 15 under the head of the cap screw 6. The palm rest 18 (which, when the cap is being mounted on the plane, is in raised position such as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1), is now moved downwardly toward the cutter 7 and base plate 11. This movement of the palm rest will, through the connecting link 23, move the lower cam edge 21 of the lever 19 forwardly and into frictional contact with the upper face of cutter 7 (or when a clamping plate is employed in conjunction therewith, into contact with said clamping plate). This action of the cam 21 will cause the cutter to be clamped upon its seat against accidental adjustment destroying movement. The clamping action is such that the cutter is held on its seat with enough force to maintain such position thereon during ordinary use, but as before stated, it can always be adjusted when so held without loosening the cap. The parts are so constructed that during such positioning of the palm rest 18 to effect this clamping action the pivot. 26 will be brought below the “dead center” line between pivots 24 and 16 thereby frictionally locking the parts in such cutter clamping position, the upper end of the link 23 abutting against the under face of the palm rest 18 and preventing further downward movement.

Owing to the engagement of the key-hole slot 14 with the cap screw 6, there is some possibility of the cap loosening and drawing back during use. To prevent such action the palm rest 18 when the parts are moved to clamp the cutter on its seat, moves its aperture 27 over the head 6a of the cap screw so that the sides of the palm rest adjacent said aperture form an annular locking shoulder engaging the abutment formed by the head of said cap screw. As this cap screw is fixed relative to the body of the plane it is evident that movement of the cap relative to said body is impossible.

In the form of the cap shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 of the drawings, the cap comprises a base plate 28 having its forward edge shaped for engagement. with the forward edge of the cutter and provided with tianges or side walls 29. A pivot. pin 30 extends transversely of the body of the base plate and between its side walls 29 and serves to pivot on said body the forward ends of a hollow convened body 32 forming a palm rest. The body of the base plate 28 at a point adjacent the said end of the palm rest 32 is provided with a key-hole slot 31 and adjacent its rear end and between its side walls 29 is provided with a second slot 33 through which extends the lower end of a lever 34 pivotally mounted adjacent its lower edge by pivot pin 35 carried by the side walls 29 and extending transversely of the base plate. The lower edge of this lever 34 is formed with a cam 36 and at its upper end, the lever is shouldered at 37. Complemental links 38 are pivotally secured to the upper end of lever 34 by means of the pivot pin 39. These links at their other ends are secured to a bearing bracket 40 carried by the palm rest 32, a pivot pin 41 serving to pivotally attach the forward ends of these links to said bearing bracket. The front end of the palm rest 32 in line with the forward or neck portion of the key-hole slot 31, is provided with an aperture 42 designed, when the palm rest is moved from the position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3 to that shown in full lines, to rest over the head 6a of the cap screw 6 of the plane. The action and operation of this form of cap is the same as that of the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the two forms differing in detail of construction only.

In Fig. 6 we have shown a further and more radical modification. In the two forms heretofore described, the link connections between the cam lever and the palm rest are locked against accidental retraction when the cap is seated on the plane in cutter clamping position, this being effected in part by the fact that the pivots 26 and 41 of these two respective forms are moved beyond “dead center” when the cap is moved to cutter clamping position. In the present modification, the base plate 43 is provided with side flanges or walls 44, a key-hole slot 45 and a second and rearward slot 46 through which a lever 49 projects, a pivot pin 50 serving to pivotally connect the lower end of the lever to the side walls 44 of the base plate and the parts so far described corresponding substantially to those shown and described in Figs. 3 and 4. At its lower edge the lever 49 is provided with a cam 51 and is shouldered adjacent its upper end at 52, and a link 54 pivotally connected to said upper end by the pivot pin 53. The hollow convened palm rest 48 is pivotally connected to the base plate 43 by means of the pivot pin 47 extending transversely thereof and through the forward ends of its side walls 44. From its interior face and intermediate its ends, a bearing bracket 56 extends and the other and forward end of the link 54 is pivotally connected to this bearing bracket by means of the pivot pin 55. Adjacent its forward end and in line with the forward end of the key-hole slot 45, a palm rest is provided with the locking aperture 57 corresponding in location and action with those shown in the other figures of the drawing. In the use of this modified form of cap, when the base 43 has been seated on the plane body in the usual manner and moved to bring the narrow portion of its key-hole slot 45 under the head of the cap screw 6, the palm rest 48 is moved downwardly relatively to the base plate 43; this movement, through the connecting link 54, swings the lower end of the lever 49 forwardly to bring its cam end 51 into frictional clamping engagement with the upper face of the cutter, further downward movement on the part of the palm rest being prevented by the engagement of the forward end of the link 54 with the upper face of the body of the base plate 43. When the parts are so moved, the aperture 57 in the forward end of the palm rest, will be seated over the head of the cap screw thereby locking the cap against movement relative to said screw. The frictional engagement of the cam end 51 of lever 49 retains said lever and its actuating link in locking position.

In the forms previously described, the cap has been locked against loosening movement by the fact that apertures formed adjacent the forward end of the palm rest section. of the cap have been seated over the head of the cap screw, the sides of the palm rest section adjacent such apertures forming annular locking shoulders. In Fig. 7 we have shown a modification of this locking feature wherein the locking aperture is omitted and a single lip or locking shoulder provided. Referring specifically to Fig. 7, 58 indicates the base plate of a detachable cap and 59 the palm rest section thereof pivotally connected thereto at 60. 61 indicates the forward end of a key-hole slot formed in the base plate, the position of the head of the “cap screw” being indicated in dotted lines at 62. The forward edge of the palm rest section is provided with a central lip or shoulder 63 which, when the cap is seated in cutter clamping position will move down over and abut against the edge of the screw head and lock the cap against displacement relative thereto during service.

In order to detach a cap from the plane, it is only necessary to move the palm rest upwardly from the base-plate, the application of sufiicient pressure thereagainst serving through the connecting links to move the lower cam end of the lever from frictional clamping engagement with the cutter 7. When the palm rest has been thus moved upwardly, the forward apertured or shouldered end of the palm rest section will have been moved out of locking engagement with the head of the cap screw and the base plate may now be moved to bring the enlarged end of its key-hole slot in line with the cap screw 6, whereupon the base plate and its attached palm rest may be removed from the cutter and plane body.

While we have herein described and illustrated specific embodiments of our invention, various modifications thereof are possible within the spirit of the invention and of the appended claims.

What we claim is:

1. In a plane, in combination, a body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment carried by said body, and a detachable cap comprising a base adapted to be seated over said cutter and engage the forward end thereof and also adapted to engage said abutment, a palm rest pivotally connected adjacent one end to said base between its ends, and a separately formed cutter clamping member carried by one of said parts in rear of the pivoted end of said palm rest and intermediate the ends of the cap, said member being actuated by the movement of said palm rest relative to said base to clamp said cutter on its seat.

2. In a plane, in combination, a body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment carried by said body, and a detachable cap comprising a base adapted to be seated over said cutter and engage the forward end thereof and also adapted to engage said abutment, a palm rest pivotally connected adjacent one end to said base between its ends, and separately formed and cooperating cutter clamping members connected to said base and palm rest and in rear of the pivoted end of said palm rest and intermediate the ends of the cap, said members being actuated by the movement of said palm rest relative to said base to clamp said cutter on its seat.

3. In a plane, in combination, a body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment carried by said body, and a detachable cap comprising a base adapted to be seated over said cutter and engage the forward end thereof and also adapted to engage said abutment, a palm rest pivotally connected adjacent one end to said base between its ends, and a separately formed cutter clamping member carried by one of said parts in rear of the pivoted end of said palm rest and intermediate the ends of the cap, said member being actuated by the movement of said palm rest relative to said base to clamp said cutter on its seat, and said palm rest engaging said abutment to lock said cap against movement relative to said abutment and plane body.

4. In a plane, in combination, a body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment projecting from said body, and a detachable cap comprising a slotted base adapted to be seated over said cutter to engage said abutment with said abutment projecting through the slot therein, a palm rest pivotally connected adjacent one end to said base, a cam member pivotally carried by said base in rear of the pivoted end of the palm rest, connections between said cam member and said palm rest operative by the movement of said palm rest relative to said base, to actuate said cam member to frictionally clamp said cutter on its seat, said palm rest being provided with an abutment positioned by said locking movement to engage the plane body abutment to thereby lock said base and palm rest against movement relative to said abutment and plane body, said cam member and its connections being so positioned by such locking movement of the palm rest as to automatically lock themselves against accidental retracting movement.

5. In a plane, in combination, a body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment projecting upwardly from said body, and a detachable cap comprising a slotted base adapted to be seated over said cutter to engage said abutment with said abutment projecting through the slot therein, a palm rest pivotally connected to said base, a lever pivotally carried by said base and provided with a cam at its lower end, a link pivotally connected to the upper end of said lever and to said palm rest adapted, when said palm rest is moved relative to the base, to actuate said lever and bring its cam in frictional clamping engagement with said cutter, said palm rest being provided with a shoulder adapted to be positioned by said locking movement to engage said abutment and thereby lock said base and palm rest against movement relative to said abutment and plane body, and said link and lever being positioned by such movement to automatically lock themselves against accidental retracting movement.

CHRISTIAN BODMER.
JAMES M. BURDICK.

Witnesses:
ALBERT W. PECK, Jr.,
I. W. CHAPMAN.

_________________

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the “Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.”
_________________

No. 1,048,455 – Plane (James M. Burdick) (1912)

[paiddownloads id=”686″]1048455

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES M. BURDICK, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE &
LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

1,048,455. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 24, 1912.
Application filed July 11, 1912. Serial No. 708,840.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES M. BURDICK, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, Hartford county, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Irnprovements in Planes, of winch the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to an improvement in the construction of planes, and is more particularly concerned with the construction of a detachable cap piece for the cutter or “plane iron”. In such cap pieces, it has hitherto been the practice to provide a detachable cap piece provided with means for engaging with the cutter and clamping it in position upon its seat upon the plane body.

My present invention contemplates employing such a cap piece in the form of a main body portion provided with a palm rest and carrying a relatively movable clamping member adapted to be positioned to engage and clamp the cutter on its seat and to lock said cap piece against movement relative to the plane body.

In the drawings illustrating a preferable embodiment of the invention: Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a standard type of plane equipped with a detachable cap constructed in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of said cap removed from the plane body.

Referring to the drawing by numerals: 1 designates the body of a plane provided with side walls or fianges 2 and a detachable shoe 3 at the forward end thereof, a throat 1a being formed at the forward end of the plane and in the rear of the detachable shoe portion thereof. 4 designates a frog or seat for the forward end of the “plane iron” or cutter, and 5 an interiorly threaded boss projecting upwardly from the plane body and carrying what is commonly termed a “cap screw” 6 provided with the usual headed end 6a. An adjusting lever 10 has its forward end seated over the boss 5 and is provided with an adjusting head 10a. To the rear of said head is a second adjusting device comprising a lever member 8 pivotally mounted at its forward end in the plane body and engaged at its rear end by an adjusting nut 9. A “plane iron” or cutter 7 is seated on the body of the plane with its forward end resting upon the frog or seat 4 and its cutting edge projecting into the throat 1a, the intermediate portions of the cutter resting respectively over the forward ends of the adjusting lever 10 and of the second adjusting lever 8. This cutter is provided with the usual longitudinal slot through which the cap screw 6 projects and through and within which the adjusting head 10a extends, and with a plurality of corrugations 7b formed in its under face which are engaged by the forward end of the adjusting lever 8 to effect vertical adjustment of the cutting edge of the cutter. The lever 10, through its adjusting head 10a, effects lateral or angular adjustment of said cutting edge.

The parts so far described are merely those of a standard type of plane which has been selected for the illustrative application of the detachable cap embodying the invention. This cap is formed as a main body portion comprising a base portion 11 adapted to be seated over the cutter and having side walls or flanges 12 extending longitudinally thereof and beyond the end of the base portion 11, said flanges being widened and joined to form the rounded hollow palm rest 13. The base portion 11, at its rear end, is formed with a slot 11a and with spaced ears 14 extending upwardly from said base portion at the rear end thereof and positioned on either side of said slot. Intermediate its ends, and forward of the ears 14, the base portion 11 is provided with a key-hole slot 15. A clamping lever 16 is pivotally mounted adjacent its rear end between the ears 14, said end extending downwardly between the ears 14 and through the slotted portion 11a and being formed at its extremity as a cam 18. This lever 16 extends forwardly to a point adjacent the key-hole slot 15 and is provided at its forward end with an upwardly extending handle or finger piece 19 and adjacent said handle, with a locking shoulder 20 extending downwardly therefrom. This shoulder is posi-
tioned to lie in substantial alinement with the rear end of the narrowed portion of the key-hole slot 15. The main body portion, with its ears 14, side walls 12 and rearward extension 13 forming the palm rest, may be, and preferably is, formed as an integral structure.

With the foregoing construction of the parts in mind, the application and operation of the cap is as follows: Assuming that the cutter 7 is seated on the plane body as shown in Fig. 1 with the cap screw 6 extending up through its slotted portion 7a, the detachable cap is seated over the cutter by bringing the enlarged end of the key-hole slot 15 in its base over the head of the cap screw 6 and then moving the body portion upwardly to bring the narrowed portion of the slot under the head 6a of the cap-screw. When this has been done, the operator grasps the handle 19 of the clamping lever and moves it downwardly to bring the cam 18 into frictional clamping engagement with the upper face of the cutter 7 (or, when a clamping plate is employed in conjunction with the cutter, with the upper face of said clamping plate). When the cam has been thus moved to clamping engagement with the cutter, the locking shoulder 20 will have been moved over the head 6a of the cap screw and will abut and be locked thereagainst by reason of the frictional engagement of the cam 18 with the cutter 7. From this, it will be evident that the cutter is firmly held on its seat and that the cap cannot be accidentally moved longitudinally of the plane body to break the clamping engagement of the cam 18 therewith. The frictional clamping engagement of the cam with the cutter is such that it is sufficient to retain the cutter fixed on the seat under ordinary conditions of service, but permits adjustment of the cutter by suitable means without disturbing or loosening the cap.

While I have shown and described a specific embodiment of a detachable cap, various modifications and changes in structure thereof are possible within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim, therefore, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a plane, in combination, a plane body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment carried by said plane body, and a detachable cap for said cutter comprising a main body portion adapted to be seated over said cutter and a palm rest connected to said main body portion and a relatively movable member carried by said body portion and adapted to be positioned to engage and clamp said cutter on its seat and to engage said abutment and lock said body portion against movement relative thereto and to said plane body.

2. In a plane, in combination, a plane body provided with a cutter seat, a cutter positioned thereon, an abutment carried by said body portion, and a detachable cap for said cutter comprising a base adapted to be seated over said cutter to engage said abutment and a paim rest extending rearwardly of said base, and a clamping lever pivotally carried by said cap and formed for simultaneous engagement with said abutment and said cutter whereby said lever may be actuated to engage and clamp said cutter on its seat and also to simultaneously engage said abutment and lock said body portion against movement relative to said plane body.

3. In combination with a plane body provided with a cutter seat and with an upwardly projecting abutment, a detachable cutter cap comprising an integral body portion embodying a base adapted to be seated over the plane cutter and to engage said abutment, and a portion extended rearwardly of said base to form a palm rest, and a lever pivoted adjacent one end to said rearwardly extending portion and having said pivoted end provided with a cutter-clamping cam and having its outer end formed with a locking shoulder adapted to engage said plane abutment when said lever is moved to cutter clamping position, thereby locking said body portion against movement relative to said abutment and to said plane body.

JAMES M. BURDICK.

Witnesses:
I. W. CHAPMAN,
W. J. WORAM.

_________________

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the “Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.”
_________________

Corrections in Letters Patent No.1,048,455.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,0143,455, granted December 24, 1912, upon the application of James M. Burdick, of New Britain, Connecticut, for an improvement in “Planes,” an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 2, line 50, after the word “cutter” insert the words to engage said abutment; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 28th day of January, A. D., 1913.
[SEAL]

C. C. BILLINGS,
Acting Commissioner of Patents.

No. 1,026,636 – Plane (Christian Bodmer) (1912)

[paiddownloads id=”683″]1026636

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHRISTIAN BODMER, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE &
LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

1,026,636. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented May 14, 1912.
Application filed July 26, 1911. Serial No. 640,618.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN BODMER, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full clear and exact description.

My invention relates to an improvement in planes, the object of the invention being to provide a simple and efficient plane construction which may be used for the purpose of accurately truing up or squaring up the edges of boards. Where heretofore various more or less complex constructions, including separate attachments, have been provided in conjunction with plane bodies for accomplishing this purpose, in the present invention the plane body itself is of unique construction, being integral throughout, the handle portion being so arranged that the pressure applied to the plane is in such a direction relatively to the work being done that said plane naturally seeks a true position upon the board being planed.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a plan view of the plane complete, ready for use and practically full size. Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a front end elevation.

The frame is made of a single body casting and comprises two right-angle side fianges 1–2, which furnish the two right-angle bearing faces 1a–2a respectively. The flange 1 is continued upwardly at its front end to form an inclined and rearwardly facing thumb-rest 3. To the rear of the thumb-rest 3 and back of the middle line of the plane is a palm-rest 4 formed by a cross-web or flange set at an angle on the upper end of flange 1 and projecting above flange 2. This palm-rest is bulged to conform to the palm of the hand, so that the position of the hand upon the plane body will be such that pressure applied will cause both bearing surfaces 1a–2a to press uniformly upon the surface and edge of the board being planed. Upon the outer side of the plane is supported at a proper angle a cutter 5. The side flange 1 is provided with a throat, preferably oblique, in which throat the cutting edge of the plane iron or cutter 5 stands.

6 is a cap detachably held at the middle by the usual screw 7. 8 is a clamp screw at the rear of the cap, for causing said cap to properly engage the cutter to hold it tightly upon its support and in its properly adjusted position. The palm-rest 4 is preferably connected with the flange 2 by means of flanges or ribs 9–10, formed by widening the ends of the cross-web and which serve to rigidly hold the two flanges against distortion.

11 is a lug to support the cutter at its side edge to prevent it from turning during the progress of the work. The width of the cutter is such that it extends the full width of the bearing surface 1a.

12 is a reinforcing rib, which bridges the plane body at the end of the throat in which the cutter stands, so as to stiffen the same at this otherwise weakened point, due to forming the throat. The rib 12 is preferably extended around the forward end of the plane and also rearwardly back to the bulged palm support or bearing.

What I claim is :–

1. As an article of manufacture, a one-piece metal casting forming the body of a plane and comprising a work collocating tool guiding flange and a slotted tool carrying flange extending therefrom and forming a right angle, and an integral palm rest arranged at the rear end of said casting extending outwardly from and obliquely to the line of junction of said flanges and formed by a cross-web or fiange set at an angle on the upper edge of the tool carrying flange and which projects above the first mentioned flange.

2. As an article of manufacture, a one-piece metal casting forming the body of a plane and comprising a work collocating tool guiding flange and a slotted tool carrying flange extending therefrom and forming a right angle, and an integral palm rest arranged at the rear end of said casting extending outwardly from and obliquely to the line of junction of said flanges and formed by a cross-web or flange set at an angle on the upper edge of the tool carrying flange and which projects above the first mentioned flange, the ends of said web being widened to form flanges across the latter flange.

CHRISTIAN BODMER.

Witnesses:
JOSEPH M. HANCE,
CLARENCE L. BENEDICT.

_________________

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the “Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.”
_________________

No. 949,691 – Plane-Guide (William T. Whiteway) (1910)

[paiddownloads id=”668″]949691

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM T. WHITEWAY, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.

PLANE-GUIDE.

_________________

949,691. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 15, 1910.
Application filed December 17, 1907. Serial No. 406,911.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM T. WHITEWAY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Cambridge, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Plane-Guides, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to plane-guides, and one of the principal objects of the same is to provide detachable and adjustable guides for planes which can be quickly adjusted and which will serve to hold the plane in alinement with the edge of a board.

Another object is to provide a plane-guide which can be used as a try-square, side gage, or supplemental sole.

These and other objects may be attained by means of the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which :–

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a metal jack-plane of ordinary construction having two guides secured to one side thereof. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through one of the guides and the guideway and keeper for said guide.

Referring to the drawing for a more specific description of my invention, the numeral 1 designates a plane which may be of any suitable construction and preferably provided with a side member 2 having a dovetailed upright groove 3 formed therein near each of its front and rear ends and by preference forward and backward of the cutting blade which latter at its edge may stand as close to the side 2 as desired. The grooves are open at top and bottom and laterally through the side 2, and hence when the guides are not employed the grooves cannot readily become clogged with sawdust, or if it accumulates therein it can easily be shaken out. Into these grooves are fitted guides 4, preferably counterparts of each other so that they are interchangeable, and each guide consists of a straight bar of a size to closely yet adjustably fill the groove, having a flat outer face which will stand flush with the side 2 of the plane and a flat inner face which will stand at right angles to the sole 9 of the plane, and rounded ends 5. In length the bar is preferably such that when in place it will project both above and below the plane body as shown; and it may be adjusted in its groove so that its lower end will stand above the sole when its presence will not interfere with the ordinary use of the plane, or so that its lower end will project below the sole more or less when it may be employed as a guide to hold the plane on the edge of a board or on its side adjacent its edge. Obviously one or both guides may be withdrawn entirely; or, when one is used and the other raised or withdrawn, one end of the plane will be guided along the board and the other may be deflected from the line of travel so as to produce a shearing action of the cutting blade which then stands slightly oblique. Finally, either or both of the guides 4 when projected below the sole 9 stand at right angles thereto and may be used for squaring work as will be understood; and a plane having one or more of these guides will not dull its blade if thrown upon the bench, because the lower end of the guide holds the sole elevated.

In connection with the guides, I prefer to employ keepers as shown. These consist each of a straight bar much like the bar of each guide except that it is preferably rectangular in cross section, and the two keepers 6 are also counterparts of each other. Each stands across one groove at about the center of its vertical length and is secured flat to the side face 2 of the plane parallel with the sole 9. The keepers are in alinement with each other longitudinally, and hence their flat outer faces will constitute a side gage to hold the plane at a uniform distance from an upright along which planing is to be done, and their flat lower edges will constitute a supplemental sole to limit the depth to which the cutting of the plane may proceed. These keepers stand only across the midlength of the upright grooves, and hence sawdust in the latter may be easily dislodged as by tapping the plane against the bench.

By preference the keepers are attached to the plane by screws 7 having countersunk heads as shown so that the flat outer face of the keepers is not interrupted. Such means of attachment renders the keepers removable when desired, yet without detracting from their function just set forth. By preference also a set screw 8 is passed inward through a threaded hole at about the center of each keeper and its inner end bears flat against the outer face of the guide beneath, whereby the latter is positively held against movement in its groove and is still capable of adjustment by first loosening the set screw. The threaded hole through the keeper is open at both ends when the screw 8 is removed, and sawdust can be easily dislodged therefrom; and the use of the set screws is therefore useful though not absolutely necessary. In the complete device, I prefer to employ all these attachments and sell them with the plane as illustrated; but with proper use they provide the plane with a guide, a side gage, a supplemental sole, and a square, and it is even possible to use the plane with a shear cut as above set forth.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, is :–

1. A plane provided in one side near its front and rear ends with upright dovetailed grooves open at top and bottom and laterally through said side; combined with two guides, each consisting of a straight bar of a section to fit either groove closely but adjustably and having a flat outer face standing flush with the side of the plane and a flat inner face standing at right angles to its sole.

2. A plane provided in one side near its front and rear ends with upright dovetailed grooves open at to and bottom and laterally through said side; combined with two guides each consisting of a straight bar of a I section to fill either groove and having a flat outer face flush with the side of the plane, two keepers each secured across a groove with their lower edges parallel with each other and the sole of the plane, and a set screw through each keeper against its guide.

3. A plane provided in one side near its front and rear ends with upright grooves open at top and bottom and laterally through said side; combined with guides each consisting of a straight bar standing in and longer than said groove and having rounded ends and flat inner and outer faces, keepers standing in alinement with each other and extending across said grooves between the ends of the latter, said keepers having their lower edges parallel with the sole of the plane and their outer faces parallel with its side, screws removably securing the keepers to the plane and having countersunk heads, and a set screw through the keepers against each guide.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM T. WHITEWAY. [L. S.]

Witnesses:
WALTER E. ROGERS,
SARAH WHITEWAY.

No. 766,491 – Plane (Albert William Campbell) (1904)

[paiddownloads id=”607″]766491

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALBERT WILLIAM CAMPBELL, OF GLASTONBURY, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 766,491, dated August 2, 1904.
Application filed February 19, 1904. Serial No. 194,429. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT WILLIAM CAMPBELL, a citizen of Great Britain, residing at Glastonbury, in the county of Somerset, England. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvenients in planes, and particularly to adjusting mechanism for double-ended planes.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive means for adjusting the plane-iron in a double-ended plane, which adjusting means shall be reversible to cooperate with the plane-iron in either its front or rear position, so as to vary the cutting depth when desired.

The invention consists in providing, first, a plane-body having two openings or throats in the sole portion and supports for the plane-iron for both of these throats; second, a plane-iron and a clamping member with means for holding them in place; third, adjustable and reversible means for projecting or retracting the plane- iron through either one of the throats, as desired.

The details of my invention will be more clearly seen on an inspection of the accompanying single sheet of drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane embodying the improvements of my invention, the plane-iron being projected through the forward throat. Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section of the plane with the iron projected through the rear throat. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the plane-body and the adjusting mechanism in the position of Fig. 2, the plane-iron and clamp being removed. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section taken on the plane of the line 4 4, Fig. 3.

1 indicates the sole portion of the plane. 2 and 3 are the side flanges which reinforce and strengthen the same 4: is the front throat or opening through which the cutting edge of the plane-iron may project.

5 is the rear throat.

6 is a handle which may be conveniently provided at the fore end of the plane.

7 is a plane-iron which at its cutting edge is supported by a portion of the sole.

8 and 9 are supports for the plane-iron 7 intermediate the throats 4; and 5.

10 is a cap member which bears against the plane-iron near the lower end.

11 is a clamping member carried by the cap which coacts with the plane-iron.

12 and 13 are cross-bars supported by the flanges 2 and 3 of the plane. The cap is inserted beneath one of these cross-bars, and the clamp 11 holds the parts in place.

14 is an adjusting-block having a projection 15 at the upper end for coacting with a recess or perforation in the plane.-iron.

16 is an adjusting-screw for coacting with the adjusting-block to move it back and forth, so as to vary the cutting depth of the plane-iron.

17 is a pivoted step for the adjusting-screw.

18 is a washer over which the lower end of the adjusting-screw is riveted to hold the same in place, so as to prevent the adjusting-screw from moving longitudinally with relation to the step 17.

19 and 20 are pivot-screws which extend through the side flanges 2 and 3 and also through the supports 8 and 9 and are screwed into the step 17. The lower end of the adjusting-block is guided between the inner faces of the supports 8 and 9, and thus prevented from rotation with respect to the adjusting-screw. The rotation of the adjusting-screw thus causes longitudinal movement of the plane-iron.

21 is a wheel or roller carried by the adjusting-screw 16, which rests upon the cross-bar 12 when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 2. This supports the adjusting-screw toward the upper end. Of course when the plane-iron is reversed the cap 10 is inserted under the rod 12 and the wheel 21 rests on the rod 13, the adjusting and clamping means being reversible and interchangeable in this respect.

It will be obvious to one skilled in the art that many changes and alterations might be made in the construction shown in the drawings without departing from the spirit or scope of my invention.

What I claim is —

1. In a double-ended plane, a body portion having two throats, a plane-iron and reversible means for adjusting the cutting depth of the iron at either throat.

2. Adouble-ended plane comprising a body portion having two throats, a plane-iron and a pivoted reversible means for adjusting its cutting depth of said plane-iron through either of said throats.

3. A plane comprising the combination of a body portion with two throats, a step, pivots therefor, a screw coacting with said step and an adjusting-block operated by said screw.

4. In a plane, a body portion having side flanges and two throats in the sole, a plane-iron, clamping means therefor, two rods connecting said flanges, supports between said throats for said iron, a step, an adjusting-screw for said iron coacting with said step and adapted to coact with either one of said rods for support.

5. In a plane, a. body portion having two throats, supports between said throats, a plane-iron, a reversible adjusting-block therefor, a guide for said block to the rear of each throat to prevent its rotation and a screw coacting with said block for the purpose specified.

6. In a plane, a body having two throats, two supports therein, a plane-iron, a step pivotally mounted between said supports, an adjusting-block, and a screw coacting with said step and said block.

Signed at Shepton Mallet, in the county of Somerset, England, this 4th day of February, 1904.

ALBERT WILLIAM CAMPBELL.

Witnesses:
P. MAGGS,
T. E. RUSSELL.

No. 766,473 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1904)

No. 766,473 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1904)

[paiddownloads id=”606″]766473

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE &
LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATlON OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 766,473, dated August 2, 1904.
Application filed January 7, 1904. Serial No. 188,049. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in planes.

The object of the invention is to provide a plane of a simple and reliable construction which may be employed in the usual manner or reversed, as in double-ended planes, and adjusted to vary the cutting depth of the plane-iron.

The invention consists in employing, in a plane-body having two throats or openings, one in the plane near the front end and the other near the opposite or rear end, a pivoted step or yoke midway between two inclined guideways, with which coacts an adjusting-screw, one portion of the screw coacting with a block slidable upon either one of the inclined guides to adjust the plane-iron.

Details of the improvement will be more plainly seen on an inspection of the accompanying single sheet of drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane embodying the improvements of my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same, the front handle being, however, broken away and the operating parts shown in position with the plane-iron at the front opening or throat. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a plane embodying my improvement with the parts reversed, showing the plane-iron adjusted through the rear throat or opening, Fig. 4 is a plan view of my improved plane, the parts being shown in the position of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the plane taken through the pivotal screw-step, the plane-iron and adjusting-screw being removed, showing the step hanging down in the position which it occupies when these parts are removed. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the adjusting-block through which the adjusting-screw passes and which serves to extend or retract the plane-iron.

1 indicates the body of the plane.

2 is the throat toward the forward end of the plane through which the plane-iron is adapted to project, and 3 is the throat near the rear end of the plane-body.

4 is a plane-iron of suitable construction.

5 is the plane-iron cap for holding the plane-iron securely in place. In the form of my invention herein shown this plane-iron cap terminates at the upper end in a handle portion 6.

7 is a clamping-lever of suitable construction.

8 and 9 are screws which take into the posts 10 and 11, respectively, and for the purpose of coacting with the plane-iron cap for holding it in place.

12 and 13 are oppositely-inclined ways at the rear and front of the plane, respectively, which afford guides for the adjusting-block 14.

15 and 16 are projections from the block 14, adapted to coact with recesses in the rear of the plane-iron 4.

17 is a thumb-nut for operating the adjusting-screw. The threaded portion 18 of the screw coacts with the adjusting-block M.

19 is a step for the adjusting-screw in the form of a yoke which has a screw-threaded portion to correspond with the screw-threads 20 on the adjusting-screw. It will be noted that the pitch of the screw 20 is greater than the pitch of the screw 18. In this instance it is exactly twice, in order that when the thumb-nut 13 is turned in one direction or the other the adjusting-block 14 may move correspondingly as the resultant of the difference between the pitches of the screws.

21 and 22 are pivot-pins for the step 19, which pass through the lugs 23 and 24, which are preferably cast integral with the body of the plane on either side.

25 and Q6 are small grooves cut in the upper surface of the base of the plane to allow slight clearance for the lower end of the adjusting-screw when it is being operated and reversed. Ordinarily the plane is used with the parts in the position as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 4. When, however, it is desired to use the plane in a corner or some other position, the parts may be reversed, as shown in Fig. 3. To reverse the parts, the cap 5 and the iron 4 are removed after releasing the lever 7, when the adjusting-screw and adjusting block and step may be swung over to the position shown in Fig. 3, the parts pivoting on the axis of the pins 21 and 22. In this position the parts may be again assembled, as shown in Fig. 3, when the plane will operate as before.

The construction will be seen to be simple and not at all likely to become injured or disarranged accidentally, and yet the reversal or adjustment of the parts in either of their positions may be effected without difliculty.

What I claim is —

1. In a plane in combination a body portion, having two throats, a plane-iron, a pivoted step, an adjusting-block, an adjusting-screw coacting with said block and said step and oppositely-inclined guideways forming supports for said adjusting-block.

2. In a plane, a body portion having a plurality of throats, a plane-iron, acap, inclined guideways and cap-screws for said iron toward each of said throats, clamping means and reversible means for manually adjusting the cutting depth of said plane-iron through either of said throats.

3. In a plane, a body portion having two throats, a plane-iron, a cap, cap-screws and a clamp for supporting said iron in position at either throat, and reversible adjusting means coacting with said iron in either position for varying its cutting depth.

4. In a plane, a body having two throats, a plane-iron, a cap, cap-screws, a clamping-lever and a reversible adjusting-block and means for moving said block to adjust the plane-iron through either throat as may be desired.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 31st day of December, 1903.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 729,020 – Block-Plane (John P. Vance) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”584″]729020

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN P. VANCE, OF DAYTON, OHIO.

BLOCK-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 729,020, dated May 26, 1903.
Application filed February 20, 1903. Serial No. 144,229. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. VANCE, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Block-Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in block-planes and possesses the novel features hereinafter described and claimed.

Preceding a detail description of the invention reference is made to the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top plan view of my improved block-plane. Fig. 2 is a side elevation. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal mid-sectional elevation. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional elevation.

In the specification similar reference letters indicate corresponding parts.

The metallic base or frame consists of the following structural parts: A is the base, from which rises two sides B B, that are joined by transverse ribs D and G. The former rib lies immediately in front of the opening E, through which the cutting edge of the blade J projects, and the rib G forms a support for said blade in the rear part of the frame and whereby the said blade is supported in a proper inclined plane. This inclined plane is a very essential feature of the invention, and to be more specific in describing it it is stated that the angle thereof is approximately not more than twelve degrees. With the cutting-blade held rigidly in such position by the means hereinafter described the work of the plane is rendered comparatively easy and effective.

C designates an integral projection rising from the front portion of the base A and upon which the index-finger of the operator rests.

F is a projection formed integral with the base and projecting beyond the rear end of the base. The object of this projection is to provide a suitable surface to be struck by a hammer or other implement in detaching the blade.

The sides B of the frame are provided on their outer surfaces with suitable grooves A”, which enable a suitable grip of the fingers in operating the plane.

That portion of the base A immediately in the rear of the blade-opening A is provided with a tapering surface A’ of a proper inclination to enable the blade to lie thereon at the angle hereinbefore specified.

H designates a round bar extending between the middle parts of the two sides B B and being rigidly secured in said sides, the position of such bar being substantially as indicated in the drawings.

I designates a combined grip and wedge block, preferably constructed of wood and having a specially-formed slot in the front portion thereof, which extends and terminates rearwardly on an angle, substantially as shown. In a more specific description of this feature K’ designates the beginning or forward end of this slot, which, it will be observed, commences in an upright manner from the lower or straight surface of the block and gradually curving and extending in an upward and rearward inclination K. This slot extends through the block from one side to the other and receives the cross-bar H. By means of said slot the wedge-block may be rigidly forced in contact with the upper surface of the cutting-blade by pressing said block forwardly after said slot enters the bar H. The lower surface of said block, it will be observed, is made flat to snugly fit against the blade. When the block is forced by the hand of the operator to the position shown in the drawings, Figs. 2 and 3, the cutting-blade J is very firmly held against the transverse rib G. The act of operating the plane will tend constantly to increase this wedge-like contact between said block and the blade, as it will be seen that the pressure exerted by the hand upon the block in operating the plane is in a forward direction or a direction to force the cross-bar H farther up and into the slot.

Having described my invention, I claim —

In a block-plane, a frame having upright sides with intervening cross-ribs one of which supports the blade, a cross-bar between the upper portions of said upright sides and rigidly connected thereto, in combination with a combined wedge and grip block having a slot therein adapted to receive said cross-bar, said slot extending from the lower face of said combined grip and wedge block in a vertical direction and terminating in a rearward and upward inclination, whereby the pressure exerted upon said block in the operations of the plane will tend to increase the rigidity of contact between said block and the blade, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN P. VANCE.

Witnesses:
A. J. FIORINI,
CAROLYN M. THEOBALD.

No. 716,386 – Plane (Maschil D. Converse) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”576″]716386

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MASCHIL D. CONVERSE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO
JOHN J. TOWER, OF MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 716,386, dated December 23, 1902.
Application filed October 29, 1901. Serial No. 80,470. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MASCHIL D. CONVERSE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in planes, and more particularly to means for securing and adjusting the irons thereof; and the objects of my invention are to improve the efficiency of such and to simplify the construction and reduce the cost of manufacture.

My invention is comprised in certain novel mechanisms, construction, arrangement, and combinations of parts hereinafter fully set forth and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional elevation of a plane, of a type commonly known as “iron corrugated-bottom” planes, showing my invention incor-porated. Fig. 2 is a plan view of important parts of my invention, compassing the principal means for accomplishing vertical adjustment of the plane-iron. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the plane-iron and lateral-adjustment mechanism. Fig. 4 is a cross-section on line x x of Fig. 1; and Figs. 5 and 6 are views, partly sectional, illustratrating modilied constructions of my invention, all showing construction, application, and operation of my invention, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth in detail.

My invention may be applied to all types of planes, although I have shown it as applied to iron planes, as hereinbefore stated.

Planes have been made with mechanisms for vertical adjustment of the irons comprising bell-crank members and transverse grooves in the plane-irons to be engaged thereby pivoted to the body. Others have been made with mechanisms for vertical adjustment of the irons comprising bell-crank members and transverse slots in the plane-irons to be engaged thereby and pivoted to the body above the fulcrum-screw, and still others have been made with mechanisms for vertical adjustment of the irons comprising bell-crank members pivoted through the longitudinal slot of the plane-iron to a bed-piece at points above the fulcrum-screw and in engagement with notches in the cap-plate. Planes of such construction are expensive of manufacture, involving careful and accurate dimensioning of the throat and finishing of the ways and channels by difficult and tedious machining. In my present invention I overcome these disadvantages by novel arrangement and form of parts, dispensing entirely with the notches in the cap-plate and with the transverse grooves or slots in the plane-irons, rendering it wholly unnecessary to perform any expensive machining or fitting to compass a proper and accurate adjustment and holding of the plane-irons, all of which will be clearly seen and understood by those skilled in the art from the descriptions following.

Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures.

A is the body of the plane, B a knob attached to the front portion thereof, and C the handle proper attached to the rearward portion.

D is a post and saddle-rest, which in case of iron-body planes is preferably cast integral centrally thereof. The apex of this post l prefer to make A-shaped, (distinctly shown at a, particularly in Fig. 4,) and the face thereof sloped to correspond with the incline b at its forward and broadened base c, the latter forming pivotal points and a rest for the extreme lower end of a vertical-adjustment lever d, which is pivoted thereto by a screw e. Upon the flattened upper surface of the pivoted end of the lever d rests the lower end of a flat saddle-plate f, which lower end is slotted longitudinally and recessed or countersunk on the upper side at g to receive the said pivot-screw e, which also serves to hold it in place, though admitting of a vertical sliding movement. Adjacent to the upper end of this saddle on the nether side a projection i is cast or formed, and a V-shaped groove h is formed therein to rest in slidable engagement with the sloping A-shaped apex a of the post D, which also serves to retain the same against lateral movement, a condition necessary for the carrying out of part of my invention. At a point centrally thereof and between the V-grooved projection i and above the slot g and pivot e is another opening in the saddle at j, the narrower lowermost end of which is recessed or countersunk on the under side at k to receive the head of the fulcrum screw or stud l when the same is slipped under the laterally-overhanging edges thereof. This fulcrum screw or stud l is secured in a clamping-plate m from its under side, (and I prefer to use a screw for convenience of adjustment.) In the upper end of the clamp-plate is a gnarled-head cramp-screw n, the rounded end of which engages a depression o of a lateral-adjustment lever p, serving as a pivot therefor. The vertical-adjustment lever d is provided at its upper end with a button q for operating. Midway of the ends and laterally of the slot g in the saddle f there is a hole r (see Fig. 2) for reception of a stud s, (freely fitting it, see same figure,) which stud is fixed (preferably rigidly) upon or in the vertical-adjustment lever d at a like position laterally relatively the axis thereof and pivot-screw e. This stud s and the hole r are located on a transverse line at right angles to the longitudinal vertical centers of the lever d and sliding saddle f, respectively, directly opposite the center of the pivot-screw e and sufficiently distant therefrom that it may not bind by describing an arc of too small a radius when the lever is operated.

For convenience and so that post D and projection i may not interfere therewith the lever d is open or divided at u and joined again above at the button q.

T is the plane iron or bit, which has a slot t longitudinally its center to admit of passage of the head and shank of the fulcrum-screw l therethrough.

In the modifications shown by Figs. 5 and 6 the principles of my invention hold, these modifications being such as render my invention applicable to what are known as “block-planes.” In the case of Fig. 5 the cramp-screw n5 is inverted and screw~socketed within and on the under side of the shell-like extension of the clamp-plate m5. The gnarled head of the screw being enlarged somewhat is accessible from the lateral sides, while in the case of Fig. 6 instead of a cramp-screw a projecting point n6 serves to engage the lateral-adjustment lever p6 as its pivot, and a gnarled head cramp-screw l6 is entered from the forward upper side through the clamp-plate m6 and engages a threaded hole k6 in the saddle f6.

The operation of my invention is as follows: To raise or lower the plane-iron T, push the button q to the left or right hand, which will cause the stud s to carry the saddle f up or down as the lever is rocked on its axis at e. To square the cutting end of the plane iron or bit with the throat of the plane, push the lever p to the right or left, as may be required, which causes the eccentric v to move the bit till the desired lateral adjustment is had. All these movements may be made without loosening the cramp-screw.

I do not limit myself to the specific form of the vertical-adjustment lever described herein, except that it should be located beneath the saddle f, which rests upon its lower end, and have its pivotal axis e and saddle-engaging stud s at its lowermost end or below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and the apex of the post D, nor do I limit myself to the particular form of the post or of the saddle herein described, as manifestly they may be modified without departing from the spirit of my invention.

It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the novel construction and arrangement of the parts in my present invention, as well as their simplicity, make it possible to cast the same in metal to substantially finished form and dimensions, excepting the screws, thus saving the laborand cost of fitting.

I do not herein claim the lateral-adjustment mechanism shown, except in combination with the leading features of my present invention, for the reason that the same was allowed to me broadly by Letters Patent of the United States No. 619,394, dated February 14, 1899; but,

Having described my invention, what I do claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane a vertical-adjustment mechanism comprising a laterally-movable lever pivoted centrally to the plane-body at a point below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and of the apex of the post; a stud located thereon on the top side and laterally opposite its axis, a saddle engaged by said stud held in place by the pivot-screw of said lever, and slidably resting upon the pivoted end of the same and upon the apex of a post above said fulcrum-screw, in combination with a plane-iron and means for clamping the latter upon said saddle.

2. In a plane a laterally-movable lever pivoted centrally to the plane-body at a point below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and of the apex of the post; a stud located thereon on the outer side and laterally opposite its axis; a saddle engaged by said stud held in place by the pivot-screw of said lever and slidably resting upon the pivoted end of the same and upon the apex of a post, above said fulcrum-screw; a plane-iron and means for clamping the same upon said saddle, in combination with mechanism for lateral adjustment of the plane-irons.

3. In a plane a vertical-adjustment mechanism comprising a laterally-movable lever pivoted centrally to the plane-body at a point below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and of the apex of the post; a saddle slidably resting upon the pivoted end of said lever and upon the apex of a post; a laterally-located stud operatively connecting said saddle and said lever below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw, and a plane-iron, in combination with a lateral-adjustment lever eccentrically pivoted at the upper end of a clamp-plate.

4. In a plane a vertical-adjustment mechanism comprising a laterally-movable lever pivoted at its lower end; a saddle slidably resting upon the pivoted end of said lever and upon the apex of a post removed from the pivoted end of said lever, in combination with means for operatively connecting said lever and said saddle at their respective lower ends to accomplish vertical movement of the latter.

5. In a plane a laterally-movable pivoted vertical-adjustment lever, having an opening u centrally thereof, in combination with a saddle operatively engaged by said lever and having a groove h longitudinally central thereof on its under side contacting with the apex of a central post D within the plane-body and held in place by the pivotal screw of the lever.

6. In a plane a laterally-movable pivoted vertical-adjustment lever, having an opening fa centrally thereof, in combination with a post D projecting within said opening.

MASCHIL D. CONVERSE.

Witnesses:
WARREN W. WHITNEY,
J. MEACH.

No. 645,220 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1900)

[paiddownloads id=”545″]645220

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN , CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 645,220, dated March 13, 1900.
Application filed December 10, 1897. Serial No. 661,391. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and especially to knife-adjusting means therefor; and it has for its main object the provision of an improved tool of this type in which the knife can be set quickly in an adjusted position and held firmly in place without the use of adjusting-levers, the construction being such that all of the parts can be separated and assembled with great rapidity and precision.

My present improvements are designed more particularly for use in connection with planes of that type in which the knife or plane-bit is disposed at a comparatively-small angle with respect to the sole of the plane, thereby leaving but a small space at the rear end or heel of the plane for the knife adjusting and holding devices, and it is of the utmost importance in tools of this kind to provide holding and adjusting means which may be assembled and disassembled readily and operated a minimum distance for the purpose of effecting the proper adjustment of the plane-knife. It is essential, of course, that all of these parts should be so organized that the knife will be held firmly in place when set in any adjusted position, or else the adjustment of the bit might be changed and the proper operation of the tool prevented.

In the plane illustrated in the drawings of this application I have illustrated devices for obtaining two different adjustments of the plane knife or bit — one a rough adjustment, by means of which the knife may be brought quickly approximately to its proper position, and a fine adjustment, which will be effected, preferably, by means of a suitable adjusting-screw.

The device which I employ for obtaining the fine adjustment of the plane-bit constitutes one of the main features of this invention, and I may employ for this purpose an adjusting-screw having two diderent threads thereon, one of which coacts with a suitable member of the plane-bit and the other with the knife or its carrier. In this instance the knife is supported on a slide which will have a supporting-face oblique to the sole of the plane and will be shifted toward and from such sole by means of an adjusting-screw of the kind just described. Preferably the adjusting-screw will have two similar threads of different pitch, one of which will engage a fixed member of the body of the plane and the other of which will engage the slide, the parts being so organized that when the screw is turned it will move in the same direction through both the slide and the supporting member of the plane-bit and will at the same time cause the slide to be shifted toward and from such supporting member in accordance with the direction of movement of the screw.

The screw which I employ will be of two diameters in order that the smaller diameter thereof, which is at the point, may admit of the insertion of the reduced part through a proper threaded opening or fixed nut in the plane-bit; but the threads of the portion of the screw which is of larger diameter engage the corresponding internal threads of the member or fixed nut on the body of the plane. Hence it will be evident that in assembling the parts the reduced end of the screw may be passed through the threaded member of the plane-body and the point of the screw then inserted in the proper threaded opening or fixed nut of the slide, whereupon the screw may be turned into the two parts simultaneously by the turning of two similar threads of different pitch in the same direction, and thus draw the slide toward the supporting member of the plane-body while the screw is advancing through the threaded member or fixed nut of the latter. It will be noticed that this movement of the slide toward the fixed member on the body is due to the fact that the thread at the forward end of the screw is of quicker pitch than that near the head of the screw.

For the purpose of effecting the coarse adjustment of the plane-knife said knife and its support will have coacting holding members, one of the parts having a single holding member and the other a series, although each of the members of said series is adapted to engage said single holding member, so as to lock the plane-knife roughly in any desired position with respect to the throat of the plane. Usually the knife-support, which in this case will be the slide, will have a stop or rib projecting therefrom and adapted to enter any one of a longitudinal series of recesses in the plane-bit, these recesses being preferably in the form of parallel transverse grooves in the under side of the knife. It will be clear that these coacting holding means will permit a rough adjustment of the knife approximately in the desired position and that the fine adjustment may be effected afterward by means of the screw. Moreover, when the knife has such a row of recesses or grooves therein as that just described it will be apparent that the knife may be used in connection with planes of several different sizes, which is a matter of considerable importance.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a plane constructed in accordance with my present improvements. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the plane-body and the slide, the section being taken in the line 2 2, Fig. 1, looking toward the heel of the plane. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the knife supporting and adjusting slide, and Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the rear end or heel of the plane-body and illustrates the supporting member or guide on which the knife-adjusting slide is mounted.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

As to many of the features thereof the body of the plane illustrated herein is similar to plane-bodies as ordinarily constructed. In this case the plane-body (designated in a general way by B) embodies as its essential features a flat base or sole s, side walls 2 2, and a support or guide, such as g, on which the slide will be carried. This guide may be of any suitable construction and is substantially U-shaped in this case in horizontal section and has a pair of oblique supporting-faces 3 3, on which the slide may move. At the inner side of the two side walls 4 4 of the guide I have illustrated a pair of channels or grooves 5 5, forming, with the oblique faces 3 3,ways for locating and guiding the slide.

As before stated, the knife or plane bit is intended to be supported on a slide shiftable by means of a feed-screw in order to obtain the fine adjustment of the knife, and this slide is indicated by S. It may be of any suitable construction, but in this case will have a pair of channels or grooves 6 6 in the under side of the main or fiat portion 7 thereof, these grooves being parallel to each other and so disposed as to cooperate with the guide-faces 3 3 and the grooves 5 5, as will be evident by referring to Fig. 2. It will be clear that this slide moves on the ways of the guide g toward and from the sole of the plane in a path oblique to such sole, this method of mounting the slide being well understood.

For the purpose of shifting the slide in the manner described I have illustrated at f 2 feed-screw of the type which has been hereinbefore referred to, the body portion of this screw being of two diameters and one portion having right-hand threads of one pitch and the other having corresponding threads of a different pitch. In this case it will be clear that the threads 10 are of a relatively-slow pitch, while the threads 12 are of somewhat-quicker pitch, and hence will be capable of shifting the slide with which they codperate so as to move said slide toward and from the back wall 13 of the guide g, in which back wall the feed-screw is mounted so as to lie obliquely to the sole s. The wall 13 of the guide is bored and screw-threaded to correspond with the threads 10 and form a fixed nut, in which the larger portion of the screw may work, while the slide S will have in this case a fixed nut in the form of a depending lug 14, internally screw-threaded to cooperate with the threads 12 of the point of the screw f. When the parts are properly fitted, the slide S may be shifted longitudinally of the slide-supporting faces of the guide, but will be held down and will be prevented from rising by reason of its connection with the screw f, which is braced firmly, and will be supported by the guide in such a manner that it will have no movement except in the direction of its length.

In assembling the parts the feed-screw, which will usually have a milled head, such as 15, of relatively-large diameter for the purpose of turning the screw freely, will be inserted through the opening 13′ until the threads 10 come into engagement with the threads of such opening, and the point of the screw will then be inserted into the opening 14′ in the fixed nut of the slide from the rear side thereof when the slide is in its extreme forward position on the ways of the guide. When the screw is turned to the right, the threads 10 will turn forward and the feed-screw will gradually pass through the opening 13’ toward the throat of the plane, and at the same time the threads 12 will turn forward in the fixed lug 14 of the slide and by reason of their quicker pitch will cause the slide to shift toward the wall 13. It will be seen that by employing a feed-screw of this type the assembling of the slide, the feed-screw, and the plane-body will be effected with a minimum movement of the slide on the guide g, since the screw advances into both of the fixed nuts in the same direction and does not, as is the case with a right and left hand screw, have to be inserted into one side of one nut and into the other side of the other nut. Hence the slide can be put in place approximately in its proper position, and its screw then turned into both of the fixed nuts a relatively-slight distance to position properly the knife to be supported and adjusted by the slide. This form of feed-screw and cooperating fixed nuts and the manner of assembling the parts described are of distinct utility, especially in those planes of the type illustrated herein having their knives set at a very slight angle to the sole, leaving but a small amount of available space between the rear end of the knife and the heel of the plane. By employing the devices shown herein this space is utilized to the best advantage, and all of the parts are of ample size and strength to operate properly and hold the bit firmly.

The plane knife or bit is indicated by k and may be of any suitably type. This knife and the slide S are intended to have coacting holding members, such as those hereinbefore described, for effecting the coarse adjustment of the bit. The holding member of the slide is indicated at 16 and is in the form of a stop or rib rising from a central wall or larger rib 17 of the slide S, the face 17′ of this wall or rib constituting the supporting-face on which the upper or rear end of the knife is carried. The other holding members, which cooperate with the stop or rib 16, are carried by the knife k and in the construction shown are in the form of a series of recesses or parallel transverse grooves 18 in the under side of said knife, these grooves forming between them transverse stops or ribs substantially similar to the ribs 16, the groove 18 being just large enough to receive the rib 16 and leave no extra space.

It will be clear that after the slide and its feed-screw are in place on the plane-body a rough adjustment of the knife may be obtained by simply placing the proper groove 18 over the stop 16 and placing the knife down upon the supporting-face 17′ of the guide. After this coarse adjustment is obtained the knife should of course be clamped firmly to the slide S, after which the adjusting-screw f may be turned to effect the fine adjustment of the knife.

Any suitable clamping means may be employed for holding the knife in place. That shown herein is indicated in a general way only and will preferably be of the type fully shown and described in Letters Patent No. 591,663, dated October 12, 1897. This main clamping device is in the form of a cam-lever (indicated by 20) carried by a knife clamp or plate c of ordinary construction, this latter being mounted at its forward end on a fixed part, such as 22, of the plane-body by means of a screw-and-slot connection, such as 23, of the usual type. This screw 23 serves to prevent sidewise movement of the forward end of the knife, while the cam-lever by raising the rear end of the knife-clamp c wedges the rear end of the clamp and the knife together and also forces the forward end of the clamp against the knife near the throat of the plane to hold the parts firmly in place.

After the rough adjustment of the bit has been obtained and the latter has been clamped in place by the means just described the screw f will be turned to obtain the iine adjustment of the knife, and it will be noticed that during this last-mentioned adjustment the part which operates directly to effect such adjustment of the bit is not only movable, but supports the knife directly and guides it, thus rendering unnecessary the employment of other or separate means for such purpose.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, the combination, with a plane-body comprising a sole and a pair of side walls, said sole having rigid with the inner face thereof a U -shaped slide-supporting guide the side walls of which extend in parallelism with the body side walls and have their upper edges inclined and recessed to form ways, and connected at their outer ends by an end wall having an internally-threaded opening; a slide mounted on said guide and recessed at its edges to cooperate with said ways, and provided at its under side with an internally-threaded depending lug working intermediate said side walls and on its upper side with a longitudinally-extending centrally-located rib having a transversely-extending rib or projection; a knife adapted to be clamped on said rib and provided with a plurality of transversely-extending recesses for the reception of said transverse rib to locate the knife in position; an adjusting-screw of different diameters working in said guide and slide and having two sets of similar threads of different pitch; and means for clamping the knife in position on said slide.

2. In a plane, the combination, with a plane-body comprising a sole and a pair of side walls, said sole having rigid with the inner face thereof a slide-supporting guide the side walls of which extend in parallelism with the body side walls and have their upper edges inclined, and which walls support at their outer ends a member having an internally-threaded opening; a slide mounted on said guide and provided at its under side with an internally-threaded depending lug working intermediate said side walls and on its upper side with a longitudinally-extending centrally-located rib; a knife adapted to be clamped on said rib, said knife and rib having, one a projection, and the other recesses cooperating with said projection to locate said knife in position; an adjusting-screw of different diameters working in said guide and slide and having two sets of similar threads of diderent pitch; and means for clamping the knife in position on said slide.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 603,832 – Block Or Smoothing Plane (Patrick Shea) (1898)

[paiddownloads id=”536″]603832

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

PATRICK SHEA, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

BLOCK OR SMOOTHING PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 603,832, dated May 10, 1898.
Application filed September 20, 1897. Serial No. 652,271. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PATRICK SHEA, of Boston, (Dorchester,) in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Block or Smoothing Planes, of which the following is a description sufficiently full, clear, and exact to enable those skilled in the art to which it appertains or with which it is most nearly connected to make and use the same.

This invention relates to woodworkers’ planes generally, and particularly to metal block or smoothing planes.

It is the object of the invention to provide such improvements in articles of manufacture of the kind mentioned as will enable the bit or plane-iron to be supported at but a slight pitch or angle relatively to the sole or face of the plane, so as that it may better perform some functions than if it were set at the usual or common angle.

It is also the object of the invention to provide improved means for adjusting the plane-iron or bit, so that its depth of cut may be regulated with the utmost nicety.

It is, furthermore, the object of the invention to provide improved means for holding the plane-iron down upon its bed or seat, which means shall be simple in and economical of construction and serviceable and efficient in the highest degree.

To these ends my invention consists of the improvements which I will proceed to describe in detail, and then set forth with particularity in the appended claims.

Reference is to be had to the annexed drawings, and to the letters marked thereon, forming a part of this specification, the same letters designating the same parts or features, as the case may be, wherever they occur.

Of the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a metallic block-plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, the bow-spring and toat being omitted. Fig. 3 is vertical longitudinal sectional view of the same. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the plane-bit detached. Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the bow-spring used to hold the bit down upon its bed and to serve also as the toat to the plane.

In the drawings, a designates the stock or frame of the plane, which, as herein shown, it is proposed to construct of metal, though it may be made of other material.

b is the sole or base, which is provided with sides or walls a and a rear wall or cross-
piece l.

c is the bit or plane-iron.

t is the “horn.”

d is the toat.

In carrying out my invention I provide a projection e on the upper side of the base G, provided with a vertical perforation to receive a stud h.

The bit is adapted to travel on inclined shevels or shoulders along the sides a of the stock, extending from the cross-piece l to the throat, and is formed in its longitudinal central rear portion with a slot g sufficiently wide to have the stud h and projection e operate therein when the bit is moved back and forth. Near the rear end of the bit there are two cross-bars i i’ secured to the bit, so as to bridge, as it were, the slot g and leave a space j between said cross-bars. It would serve my purpose just as well, however, to make the cross-bars i i’ an integral part of the bit.

k is a bit-adjusting screw threaded throughout nearly its length and arranged to turn in a hole formed in the vertical rear flange l of the bit-stock and at its inner end to be guided in a hole formed in the rearward part of the projection e. Neither of the said supports for the screw are screw-threaded, but are simply plain bearings for the latter.

Upon the screw k there is arranged a traveler on, having a screw-threaded hole formed therethrough to receive the shank of the screw k. The said traveler m extends up between the bridge-pieces i i’ of the bit in such a manner that when the screw is turned the traveler will be moved to and fro thereon, and as a consequence will move the bit longitudinally with it and adjust the bit in the mouth of the base of the plane, so as to make it take a deeper or shallower cut, as may be desired.

n designates the bow spring or holder, which is a piece of sheet metal bent in cross-section in the form of a bow, as is best represented in Fig. 3, so that its front end may rest upon the forward end of the bit and its rearward end bear upon the rear end of the same. Upon the bow-spring n, the toat d is supported, as shown.

In the central portion of the bow-spring there is formed a hole o, backward from which there extends a narrowed slot p, and in the upper end of the stud h, on opposite sides thereof, there are formed slots q, so that after the bit may have been put in place upon its bearings and properly connected with its adjusting means the bow-spring may be placed in position upon the bit, so that the upper end of the stud h, may extend through the hole o, and then by bearing down on the spring and moving it forward the sides of the slot p may take into the slots q of the stud and not only hold the spring in place, so that the toat or handle d may be employed in moving the plane, but so also as that the bow-spring may press and hold the bit down in its proper working position.

Inasmuch as in the operation of the plane the effort to move it back will be but slight and substantially all of the appreciable energy will be exerted forward, the bow-spring and toat will be held securely in place.

In addition to supporting the bit or plane-iron in position so as to render it most efficient in operation, as I have before described, my adjusting means for the bit have been found very efficient and simple, not liable to be disturbed in the usual operation of the plane, and effective in operating the bit to adjust it with the utmost nicety, and to do this in a manner better than is accomplished in planes as now commonly constructed. Furthermore, the means described for holding the bit in place by means of the bow-spring are exceedingly simple in and economical of construction, besides being effective in the highest degree.

Having thus explained the nature of the invention and described away of constructing and using the same, though without attempting to set forth all of the forms in which it may be made or all of the modes of its use, it is declared that what is claimed is —

1. A block or smoothing plane comprising in its construction a planer-iron or bit and bit-support; a bow-spring constructed to bear at its ends upon the forward and rear ends of the bit; and a headed stud, the bow-spring having a centrally-arranged keyhole-slot to engage the head of the stud as set forth.

2. In a device of the class described the combination with a walled base-piece having a projection on its upper face, of a headed stud mounted in the projection, a slotted bit suitably arranged on the stud, shoulders arranged diagonally of the side walls of the base and forming supports for the bit, a thumb-screw having bearings in said projection of the base and the rear wall, a screw-threaded traveler upon the thumb-screw, having connection with the bit and a bow-spring engaging the head of the stud and bearing at its ends upon the ends of the bit to secure the latter in position and provided with a toat upon its upper face.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 4th day of September, A. D. 1897.

PATRICK SHEA.

Witnesses:
ARTHUR W. CROSSLEY,
W. SHEA.

No. 591,663 – Plane (Andrew Turnbull) (1897)

[paiddownloads id=”533″]591663

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ANDREW TURNBULL, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
ASSIGNOR TO JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 591,663, dated October 12, 1897.
Application filed June 30, 1897. Serial No. 642,947. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANDREW TURNBULL, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes; and the object thereof is to provide a simple and efficient means for holding the cutter-clamp firmly in engagement with the cutter; and it consists, essentially, of a cam-lever supported by the clamp, a locker preferably separate from and actuated by the cam-lever, and means on the clamp to cause the lever to approach and to recede from the clamp when the lever is turned.

In the form of the invention illustrated the locker alluded to consists of a pivot for the cam-lever loosely extending through an opening in the clamp and headed at its lower end, the lever having a cam portion adapted to be engaged by means on the clamp when the lever is turned in one direction, so that the lever will be caused to approach the cutter and thereby force the head of the pivot tightly against the cutter to hold the same.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan view of a plane embodying my present improvements. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central section of the same. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal central section of the cutter-clamp. Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken in line x x, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a bottom view of a portion of the cutter-clamp. Fig. 6 is a plan of the cam-lever, and Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the same.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

The body of the plane is designated in a general way by B, and it consists of the usual base or sole 2, having the transverse mouth 3, through which the cutting edge of the plane-iron can pass, and the longitudinal side walls 5.

The cutter or plane-iron C, which is supported in any usual manner, as shown in Fig. 2, and the clamp-lever D may be of ordinary construction. The cutter C is supported against the inclined face 7 on the inside of the sole 2, said cutter, also bearing intermediate its opposite ends against the obliquely-disposed slide 12, working in a slide-way 13 of the boss or projection 14 on the sole 2. The boss or projection 14 has a longitudinally-threaded opening 15 to receive the threaded end 16 of the screw or spindle 17 , having at its outer end the disk or wheel 13, by which the screw 17 can be turned into and out of its seat, said screw having a peripheral groove 19 to receive a projection 20 on the slide 12, the other end of the slide being furnished with an oppositely-extending projection 21, adapted to be seated in one of the parallel notches 22, transversely formed in the under side of the cutter or plane-iron C, so that by turning the screw or spindle 17, through the medium of the disk or wheel 18, the cutter C can be moved back and forth, as occasion demands.

The foregoing description relates to a common form of smooth-plane to which my present improvements are adapted, although it is obvious that they may be applied to various sorts of planes. The clamp-lever D is held in place longitudinally by a screw 23, seated in a threaded aperture in the boss 10, said screw extending through an elongated or keyhole slot 24; near the forward end of the clamp.

The clamp D carries or supports a cam-lever L, consisting of a disk portion 30, centrally through which is passed the pivot-pin 31, constituting a locker, and a forwardly-extending curved operating-arm 32, passing through the segmental or curved slot 33 in the clamp, said operating-arm having a thumb-piece 34, to which pressure can be applied to turn the cam-lever L, so that the disk or working portion 30 of the lever will be caused to approach or recede from the cutter or plane-iron C in accordance with the direction in which the arm 32 is moved.

The pivot-pin 31 of the cam-lever loosely passes transversely through the clamp, it extending through the opening 35 in the bridge-piece or arch 36, which is on and is located above the normal plane of said clamp. The pivot-pin, which constitutes a cutter-locker, is headed or shouldered at its lower end, as at 37, and the disk or cam portion of the lever L, when the latter approaches the cutter, will act against the head 37 of the pivot-pin to force the same firmly against the cutter. The upper end of the pivot-pin is headed, as at 37’, to prevent it from dropping on the removal of the clamp.

For the purpose of obtaining the necessary motion of the lever toward the cutter the clamp is preferably provided with means adapted to engage a cam portion on the lever, as will now appear. The bridge portion 36 is furnished with the rounded projections 38 and 39, extending oppositely from the pivot-opening 35, and adapted to cooperate with the cam portions on the disk 30 of the cam-lever L. The upper face of the disk 30 is intersected by the radial cam-recesses 40 and 41 of differential depth, thereby to form the cam-faces 42 and 43, cooperative, respectively, with the projections 38 and 39.

When the parts are to be assembled, the clamping-screw 23 is passed through the wide portion of the slot and the clamp slid forward until the screw is in the narrow part of the slot 24, as shown in Fig. 1, the operating-arm 32 of the cam-lever during this time being in a position substantially agreeing with that shown by the dotted lines in said figure, at which time the two projections 38 and 39 on the bridge-piece are in line with the deepest portion of the cam-recesses. When the operating-arm 32 is grasped and thrown to the position shown by the full lines in Fig. 1, the cam portions 42 and 43 will be caused to ride against the projections 38 and 39,respectively, so that the disk portion 30 of the lever will be lowered and acting against the head 37 of the pivot-pin 31 will cause said head to bind against the cutter to lock the same firmly in position, the operating-arm of the lever also tightly wedging against the clamp to thereby prevent the retraction of the lever by ordinary jars. It will be observed that the operating-arm 32 of the cam-lever L, which extends forward and passes through the longitudinal slot 33 in the clamp, bears against the plate portion 33′ of the clamp, as indicated in Fig. 2, so that the clamp or plate portion thereof acts as a support for said operating-arm and materially decreases its liability of breakage.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A plane embodying a cutter; a clamp therefor provided with a bridge-piece or arch located above the normal plane of the clamp, the bridge-piece having a pivot-opening and also having projections on its under face; a lever consisting of a disk portion and an operating-arm passing through a slot in the clamp, the disk portion of the lever having a pivot-opening and a plurality of cam-recesses; and a pivot- pin extending through said pivot-openings and headed at its lower end, the pin being disposed transversely to the cutter, whereby when the lever is turned in a direction to lock the cutter the under face of the disk portion will be carried against the head of the pin to move the latter into locking engagement with said cutter.

2. A plane embodying a cutter; a clamp therefor provided with a bridge-piece having a pivot-opening, the bridge-piece having on its under face oppositely-disposed projections at each side of the pivot-opening, said clamp being also slotted; a lever consisting of a disk portion and an operating-arm extending through the slot in the clamp, the disk portion of the lever having a pivot-opening and a plurality of cam-recesses; and a pivot-pin extending through said pivot-openings and headed at its lower end.

3. A plane embodying a cutter; a clamp therefor having a slot; a cam-lever supported by the clamp, the latter having means to cause the working end of the lever to approach and recede from the clamp on the manipulation of the lever, and the lever being provided with a forwardly-extending arm passing through the slot and bearing against and sustained by the clamp; and a locker for the cutter, operated by said lever.

ANDREW TURNBULL.

Witnesses:
H. C. HINE,
W. A. PRIMM.

No. 585,889 – Plane (Albert A. Page) (1897)

[paiddownloads id=”530″]585889

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALBERT A. PAGE, OF EAST HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE SARGENT & COMPANY, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 585,889, dated July 6, 1897.
Application filed May 16, 1896. Serial No. 591,46. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT A. PAGE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the town of East Haven, county of New Haven, in the State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, fully set forth and described in the following specification, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof, and in which —

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a plane embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a top view of the same; Fig. 3, a vertical longitudinal section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2; Fig. A, a top view of the frame; Fig. 5, a bottom view of the plane iron or bit, Fig. 6, a corresponding view of the clamping-cap; Fig. 7, a detail of the clamping-lever.

In all the figures similar letters of reference represent like parts.

This invention relates to hand-planes; and it consists in a novel construction of parts, which when assembled produce a simple device easily regulated or adjusted.

The invention refers more particularly to an improved method of locking the plane iron or bit between the frog and the clamping-cap by means of a lever pivoted in said clamping-cap to swing vertically beyond its dead-center, as set forth and described, together with other improvements, hereinafter.

Referring to the drawings for the more particular description, A represents the stock or frame, and a the throat thereof.

B is the plane iron or bit, with b its cutting edge, the bit having a longitudinal slot b’, extending central therein, and on the under side adjacent to said slot b’ and extending lengthwise therefrom a series of teeth b2.

Mounted on the frame A is a frog C, which consists of two parallel vertical plates with diagonal upper edges, the plates being united by a block c, slotted vertically a short distance downward from its top. In the slot of the block c is pivoted by means of the pin d’ an adjusting-lever D, having on its upper side a number of teeth d, which extend slightly above the level of the frog C. The free end of said lever has a horizontal slot d2, of sufficient width to receive the edge of the adjusting-nut E, threaded to run on the vertical screw F, rigidly mounted near the end of the frame A. The edge of this nut E being knurled, it may be easily screwed up and down, and with the movement of the nut the engagement of the slot d2 of the lever D raises and lowers the free end thereof, which swings the teeth d forward or back. As the bit B is adapted to rest on the frog C, the teeth d of the adjusting-lever D engage with the teeth b2 on the under side of the bit, and the movement of the teeth produced by the adjusting-nut E on screw F is communicated to the bit, the edge of which is then forced deeper into or withdrawn from the throat a of the frame A.

Pivoted by a screw g to the under side of the bit B adjacent to the teeth b2 is a forked lever G, the fork g’ of the lever lying across the teeth b2 and the other end projecting beyond the end of the bit. This lever G is capable of swinging in a horizontal plane, and when the bit is fitted on the frog C the fork g’ is adapted to embrace the teeth d on the adjusting-lever D. When the fork g’ is thus engaged with the teeth d, which are secure against any transverse movement, the swinging of the lever G will tend to force the upper end of the bit to one side or the other, and as the bit is practically pivoted by the screw I, described hereinafter, the swinging will give a side adjustment or equalizing movement to square the cutting edge b.

Between the throat a and the frog C on the frame A is mounted the cylindrical block H, centrally bored and having a diagonal upper end corresponding to the edge of the frog C. The central bore is internally threaded for a screw I, over which the slot b’ of the bit is adapted to fit.

A clamping-cap L, the rear end of which is rounded, as shown, Figs. 1 and 3, has in its forward part a slot l, corresponding to the diameter of the head of the screw I and extending rearwardly from the slot l, a secondary slot l’ corresponding to the diameter of the shank of the screw I. A rectangular slot l2 extends centrally in the cap L, and on either side near its rear end are depending ears M. Pivoted between the ears M, by the pin m at its elbow, is a substantially right-angled lever N. One arm n of this lever is rounded to bear on the upper side of the bit B, as hereinafter described, and the other arm n’ is formed to correspond with the upper side of the clamping-cap L, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 7, the extreme end being flattened and widened to act as a thumb-piece, Fig. 2.

When the clamping-cap is placed over the bit B, the slot l being fitted over the screw I and the cap forced forward so that the screw is engaged in the slot l’, the right-angled lever H is used as a clamp to hold the parts together and rigidly secure them in place.

Upon the forward movement of the arm n’ the other arm n bites against the bit B, and the tendency is to force the clamping-cap L forward into closer engagement with screw I, Fig. 3.

The slight elasticity in the cast metal allows the clamping-cap to be raised as the arm n of the clamp passes the perpendicular, so that when in the position shown in Fig. 1 the parts are securely locked. The screw I may be raised or lowered to secure the right adjustment of the clamping-cap and clamp. The forward position of the clamp when the parts of the plane are locked and its conformity with the surface of the clam ping-cap makes a smooth handle and prevents the hand of the operator from being caught on the clamp when the plane is in use.

A finger-knob P is shown in the forward part of the frame beyond the throat, which may also serve as an adjusting-screw for a sliding throat-piece, as is often the case.

Having now described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

In a plane, the combination with the frame; of the bit; a support on the frame for the bit; a locking device mounted on the frame, a clamping-cap above the bit, forming the main handle portion of the plane, and having its forward end adapted to engage with said locking device to lock the forward end of the bit, while its rear end is provided with a longitudinal slot; a substantially right-angled clamp pivoted in said clamping-cap, with one arm adapted to swing forward in said longitudinal slot, and the other arm to bear on the bit and lock; the rear of the same, when the forwardly-swinging arm has assumed a position in alinement with the main portion of said clamping-cap; and means on said clamp for disengaging it from its locked position, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand, at New Haven, in the county of New Haven, State of Connecticut, this 11th day of May, 1896.

ALBERT A. PAGE.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM T. COOKE,
CHARLES L. BALDWIN.

No. 528,829 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”510″]528829

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 528,829, dated November 6, 1894.
Application filed April 24, 1894. Serial No. 508,812. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes; the object of my present invention being to furnish a plane of peculiar construction and organization having a detachable part, by the removal or replacement of which, the plane may be quickly and practically adapted for use either as a rabbet-plane or as a smooth-plane.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan view of a convertible plane embodying my invention, a portion thereof being broken away, the parts being assembled to adapt the plane for use as a smooth-plane. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a portion of the plane with the side-plate or guard-plate removed, the plane in this condition being adapted for use as a rabbet-plane. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section of the plane taken in dotted line a–a, Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrow in said figure.

Similar characters designate like parts in all of the figures.

In the drawings I have shown my invention applied to a plane, which in general construction and organization is similar to the ordinary metallic smooth-plane. The main body or rabbet-plane body, of the plane is designated in a general way by B, and consists of the usual base or sole, 3, divided transversely by the mouth 4, forming the front and rear portions 5 and 5′, and the side-walls 6 and 6’, the one 6′ of which is herein shown as divided vertically by the mouth 4, the base or sole 3 being preferably reinforced each side of the mouth 4 by the transverse ribs 7 and 7’. The main body is usually provided at the forward end thereof (shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 as the right hand end) with a knob or handle, 3.

The plane-iron or cutter C which may be supported in any usual manner from below, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and the clamp-lever D, are, or may be, of any usual construction and organization. The cutter C is shown in the drawings as having its cutting edge in the mouth of the main body and as supported upon a longitudinal rib, 9, having an inclined face coinciding with the inclined face of the reinforced portion 7 of the base, the upper face thereof being engaged by the cutting-edge, while the forward end of the clamp-lever is held in place longitudinally by a screw, 10, extending through the forward end of said lever, through an elongated slot formed in the cutter, and entering the reinforced portion 7’ of the base.

As a means for operating the clamp-lever to clamp the cutter, a screw, 11, is provided which has a screw-threaded bearing at its upper end in the rear end of the clamp-lever, and bears at its lower end upon the rear end of the cutter, said screw usually being provided, in practice, with a wheel or disk for operating the same. It is desired to state in this connection, that these elements just described, i. e. — the cutter and its clamping devices, constitute no part of my present invention, and may be of any usual construction and organization.

As a means for rendering the plane convertible, to adapt the same to be used either as a rabbet-plane or as a smooth-plane, I have provided a guard-plate or suplementary body, G, adapted to be detachably-secured to one side of the main-body so as to cover the open side of the plane and the open end of the mouth 4, and so that the lower edge of said plate will be flush with the bottom edge of said body to guard the cutter, as most clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3. This plate or body constitutes a guard for the open end of the mouth 4, and when secured in place, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, adapts the plane for use as a smooth-plane.

As a convenient means for detachably-securing the supplementary body or guard-plate to the side of the main-body, said plate is herein shown provided at opposite ends with laterally-projecting pins,12, adapted for entering holes, 13, drilled in bosses, 14, formed upon the base 3 of the main-body, as clearly shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, said plate being held against lateral displacement by means of set-screws, 15, extending through the bosses 14 and impinging the retaining-pins 12 of the guard-plate. These binding-screws are herein shown as having conical ends which enter recesses formed in the peripheries of the retaining-pins of the guard-plate, and have bearings in screw-threaded transverse or vertical openings formed in the bosses 14. The retaining-pins are herein shown as separate pieces fixed to the guard-plate after the manner of rivets, but it will be obvious that said pins might constitute an integral part of said guard-plate.

The above-described construction and organization constitute an improved tool adapted for use both as a rabbet-plane and a smooth-plane, the usual open-sided mouth being provided for rabbeting when the guard-plate or supplementary plane-body is removed, and the solid, unyielding structure necessary to smooth-planing being formed when said plate or body is fastened in position upon the main-body of the plane. When set in position upon said main-body of the plane, it will be seen that the suplementary body forms the main sole-piece of the plane-body for that side of the plane adjacent to the open-sided mouth; that, by means of its peculiar connection to and organization with the main-body of the plane, said plane is braced in longitudinal direction to prevent yielding thereof, which would tend to impair or destroy the efficiency of the tool for smooth-planing; and that said plate or supplementary body, when in such set position, forms the means for rendering the body of the plane a practically unitary structure, having all the characteristics necessary to perfect operation of a smooth-plane. It will also be evident that the change from a rabbet-plane to a smooth-plane, or vice versa, may be easily and quickly effected, and that, in removing the guard-plate, the holding-devices therefor will be maintained in position upon the stock.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, the combination with a main-body having a transverse mouth open at one side of said body, of a plane-cutter extending longitudinally of said body and having a transverse cutter-edge, means for securing said cutter to the plane-body in position for use and with its cutting-edge in the mouth of the main-body, and a supplementary plane-body adapted and provided with means for connection to the open-mouth side of the main-body in fixed relation thereto and having its sole in the plane of the sole of the main-body, whereby the mouth of the main body is closed on one side thereof and the edge of the cutter is guarded, thereby converting the plane into and adapting the same for use as a smooth-plane, substantially as described.

2. In a combined rabbet-and-smooth-plane, the combination of a plane-body having a transverse mouth open at one side of said body, of a plane-cutter extending longitudinally of said body and having a transverse cutting-edge, means for securing said cutter to the plane body in position for use and with its cutting-edge in the mouth of the main-body, a guard-plate covering the open end of said mouth and having its sole in the plane of the sole of the main-body, parallel lateral pins or projections fixedly carried by said guard-plate, parallel recesses in the plane-body inclosing said pins and adapted thereby to maintain a solid connection between the forward and rearward portions of the plane-body and to prevent misalignment of the soles of the plane-body and the guard-plate, and clamping-screws engaging said pins or projections for detachably securing the guard-plate to the plane-body, substantially as described.

3. In a combined rabbet and smooth-plane, the combination of a plane-body having a transverse mouth open at one side of said body, a plane-cutter extending longitudinally of said body and having a transverse cutting-edge, means for securing said cutter to the plane-body in position for use and with its cutting edge in the mouth of the main-body, a guard-plate covering the open end of said mouth and having its sole in the plane of the sole of the plane-body, parallel lateral pins or projections peripherally recessed and fixedly carried by said guard-plate, bosses formed upon said plane-body and having parallel recesses inclosing said pins and adapted thereby to maintain a solid connection between the forward and rearward portions of the plane-body and to prevent misalignment of the soles of the plane-body and the guard-plate, and clamping-screws extending through said bosses and into the recesses thereof and having conical ends for engaging said peripheral recesses in said pins and for detachably securing the guard-plate to the plane-body, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
FRED. J. DOLE,
FREDERICK A. BOLAND.

No. 516,413 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”504″]516413

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 516,413, dated March 13, 1894.
Application filed September 1, 1893. Serial No. 484,544. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class of planes in which the plane-iron is adjustable for the purpose of bringing the same accurately into position for use, by means of adjusting-devices connected with the knife-holding apparatus.

The object of my present invention is to provide means, in a plane of the class specified, for adjusting the knife laterally thereof to bring the cutting-edge in parallelism with the face of the plane; and to make this adjustment by means of devices operating in connection with, but separately from (in point of time) the means for adjusting the plane-iron longitudinally thereof.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partially in section, of a plane embodying my present improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the plane, with the cutter, or knife, and its clamp removed, and showing the knife holding and adjusting-apparatus in place. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the plane, as seen from the right-hand in Figs. 1 and 2, the cutter or knife being in place, but the clamp-lever removed. Fig. 4 is a plan view of a portion of the plane illustrating the mode of operation of the swing-frame and the actuating lever therefor which regulates the lateral movement of the knife, the knife, knife-support and clamp being removed. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the swing-frame, in the preferred form thereof. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the swing-frame, as seen from below in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the swing-frame, as seen from the right-hand in 5 and 6. Fig. 8 is a plan view of the swing-frame-adjusting lever, in a position corresponding to the same in Figs. 1 and 2; and Fig. 9 is a side view of said lever, in a position corresponding to that shown in Fig. 1.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

For illustrating the construction and mode of operation of my present improvements and the preferred manner of applying the same, I have shown the invention applied to an ordinary iron smoothing-plane. The body of the plane is designated in a general way by B, and consists of the usual base or face, 3, divided transversely by the mouth, 4, and having the side-walls, 5 and 6; it is usually provided at the forward end thereof (at the left-hand in Figs. 1, 2 and 4,) with a knob or handle, 7, and rearwardly of the plane-mouth with a transverse pin, 3, which serves as a bearing for the clamp-lever, D. The “plane-iron” or cutter, C, shown in section in Fig. 1 and in rear elevation in Fig. 3, is set in an inclined position as indicated in the drawings, and with its edge at 9, Fig. 1, extending slightly through the mouth of the plane. The cutter or knife C being supported from below in substantially the position shown in Fig. 1, the clamp-lever D is placed thereon, underneath and in engagement with the aforesaid transverse pin or bearing 8, and with its point, 10, resting on said knife near the lower end thereof, in the usual manner. The clamp-lever is or may be operated, for the purpose of clamping and unclarnping the plane-knife or cutter C, by means of the screw, 11, carried by said clamp, and bearing at its outward end, 12, against the upper side of the plane-knife, said screw being usually operated, in practice, by means of a wheel or disk, 13, fixed thereon.

The rearward and upper end, 14, of the cutter is shown having formed in its under side a channel whose edges at 15 and 16, form guides for controlling the lateral movement of the cutter, the channel having in the top thereof a series of teeth, 17, for engaging with the corresponding notches of the main lever, E, of the adjusting-apparatus. Said main-lever is shown carried by a pivot, 18, fixed in the ears, 19 and 19′, on the rearward end of a swing-frame, 20, which lies on the upper side of the face or bottom-plate 3 of the plane, and which is provided with means for the lateral adjustment thereof. Said swing-frame has at its forward end a bearing-arm, 21, which engages in a slot, 22, formed in the plane-body; said frame is held in place longitudinally of the plane by means of the screw-stud, 23, under the head of which is journaled the forward end, 24, of the lateral-adjustment lever, 25, this lever also having a bearing, 26, in working engagement between said ears 19 and 19′ of the swing-frame, and being provided at its extreme rearward end with a suitable termination, or thumb-piece, as 25′, whereby the same may be conveniently operated. The aforesaid screw-stud 23 passes down through the slot, 27 of the swing-frame, so as to control the position of said frame when this is swung laterally, as indicated by the two positions thereof shown by solid lines and dotted lines, respectively, in Fig.4. About midway of its length, the swing-frame 20, in the preferred form thereof herein shown, has a bearing, 28, for receiving the forward end, 29, of the longitudinal-adjustment lever, 30, this lever being pivoted on a stud, 31, between the forward ends of the said arms, 32 and 32′, of the aforesaid main lever E, and having its projecting rearward end properly shaped, or furnished with a thumb-piece, as 30′, whereby the same may be actuated for operating the main lever to slide the cutter forward or backward, as the case may require. It will be observed that the forward bearing 21 of the swing-frame is on the line e (Fig. 1) about midway between the clamp-lever bearing 8 and the point 10, where the knife is clamped between the end of the clamp-lever and the bottom-plate of the plane-body. The parts here described are organized, as set forth, so that when power is applied to the rearward end of the plane-knife for swinging the same laterally, said knife will naturally turn or swing upon an axis substantially coincident with said swing-frame bearing 21. Said lateral movement of the knife C is effected through the described main lever E, which engages at the upper side thereof between the said edges 15 and 16 of the channel in the knife. By this means, when the swing-frame 20 is moved laterally by means of said actuating-lever 25, the main-lever E, being mounted on said arm, is carried sidewise, being swung about the aforesaid axis 21 in substantial coincidence with the movement of the knife itself.

For adjusting the knife longitudinally thereof, the secondary lever 30 is raised or lowered, as the case may require, thereby swinging the main lever E on its pivot 18, and forcibly sliding the plane-knife under the rounded end 12 of the clamp-lever screw 11. And by operating the lever 25, the main-lever, also designated as the knife-actuator, is moved laterally to carry the knife side-wise as required. The swing-frame, by means of the combinations and construction hereinbefore described, is closely held in place on the upper surface of the base-plate 3, the forward end of the frame-actuating lever 25 serving as a washer between the head 23′ of said screw-stud and the swing-frame; the forward end 21′ of the swing-frame comes close to the under side of the knife C, so that said frame-bearing 21 is prevented from rising out of the bearing-slot 22.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, the combination with a plane-body, and with the knife and means for clamping the same in place, of a knife-supporting actuator-lever engaging the knife longitudinally and laterally thereof, an actuator-lever-carrying frame supported for movement laterally of the knife, and means for moving said actuator-lever on the frame independently of the movement of the frame, substantially as described.

2. In a plane of the class specified, the combination with the knife having the transverse notches and the longitudinal guide-edges, and with means for clamping the same in place, of a knife-supporting actuator-lever engaging said notches and between said guide-edges, a swinging actuator-lever-carrying frame supported for movement laterally of the knife, the screw-stud holding the frame in place, and a lever journaled on said stud and engaging the frame to move this independently of the movement of the actuator-lever, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination with a plane-body, and with the knife and means for clamping the same in place, of a knife-supporting actuator-lever engaging the knife longitudinally and laterally thereof, a swinging actuator-lever-carrying frame supported for movement laterally of the knife, means for moving said frame laterally of the knife, and a lever fulcrumed. in the swing-frame and engaging the actuator-lever for operating this independently of the frame, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, a knife-supporting-and-adjusting device consisting of a laterally-movable frame having the ears 19 and 19′ and the fulcrum-bearing 28, combined with a main lever, substantially as described, pivotally supported between said ears and provided with a lever fulcrumed in said fulcrum-bearing, and means for holding in place and actuating said frame, substantially as described.

5. In a plane, the combination with the body having the frame-bearing slot 22 and the stud 23, of the frame 20 engaging at one end in said bearing-slot and having a transverse slot through which said stud extends, a lever on said stud and engaging the frame for moving the same laterally of the plane-body, and a knife-supporting-and-adjusting device carried on said frame and consisting of a lever pivoted thereto and furnished with means for operating the same, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

6. In a plane, the combination with the plane-body and with the knife and means for clamping the same, of a longitudinally movable combined knife-support and actuator in engagement with the knife, an actuator-carrier supported for movement laterally of the knife, means for simultaneously moving the actuator-carrier and knife-supporting actuator laterally of the knife and means for moving said actuator independently of the movement of the actuator-carrier, substantially as described.

7. The combination in a plane, of a plane-body, a knife and means for clamping the same, a combined knife-support and actuator carried by a frame supported for lateral movement by the plane-body, means for independently operating the knife-support to shift the knife longitudinally, and means for adjusting the frame laterally of the knife, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT

Witnesses:
F. N. STANLEY,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.