Tag: Bench Planes

No. 64,477 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Benjamin A. Blandin) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”125″]64477

United States Patent Office.

BENJAMIN A. BLANDIN, OF CHARLESTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 64,477, dated May 7, 1867

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IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that l, BENJAMIN A. BLANDIN, of Charlestown, in the county of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawings which accompany and form part of this specification, is a description of my invention sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practise it.

The invention relates to the manner of securing and supporting a plane-iron in position, with reference to provision for adjusting the angle of the bit or cutter-iron or its extent of cutting action. ln certain bench-planes new in the market, having provision for clamping the iron in the stock by means of a clamp-lever, (as is shown, for instance, in United States Patents Nos. 20,615 and 21,311,) the iron is supported on a movable or rocking bed-piece pivoted to the stock at some distance above the mouth of the cutter, said bed-piece having a horizontal arm extending rearwards from it, through which arm a stationary vertical screw passes, upon which a nut works, so that when the cutter is clamped in position by the clamp-lever, the position or angle of the cutting edge of the bit may be adjusted to regulate the cut of the bit or the protrusion of the cutting edge from the face of the plane. The construction embraced in such tipping-bed, and in its connection with the plane-stock, is expensive, and the bed itself, not being supported below the pivots, trembles, and causes the cutting edge to chatter when the plane is being used. To cheapen the construction, and to so apply the bed that it is at all times supported directly above or adjacent to the mouth, are the objects of my invention, which invention consists in applying, in combination with the device by which the iron is clamped in the stock, a tipping or rocking bed-piece, the lower end of which is made convex on its under surface, such convexity resting in a cylindrical or concave depression or socket-seat in the stock, and the upper surface (at such lower end) having a plane face upon which the iron or cutter is supported, the rear end of the cutter straddling a screw, upon which the adjusting nut works, so that by screwing down said nut such rear end is depressed, tipping the lower end in its seat or socket, so as to diminish and regulate the angle and bite of the cutting edge of the iron.

The drawing represents a central section of a benclnplane embodying the invention.

a denotes the stock; b, the plane-iron or cutter; c, the cap; d, the clamp-lever. The cutter at the mouth e, and when introduced into the stock, rests on the incline f, and at the upper side of the throat of the stock on stops or ways g, (one on each side.) The clamp-lever slides under fulcrum-stops h, (one on each side,) its lower end bearing upon the cap, and so that by the action of a screw, i, or other suitable device, the cutter is clamped in the stock, as will be readily understood. Just in rear of the mouth e, a convex socket or depression, k, is formed in the stock, this socket serving as a seat for a rocking bed-piece, l, the front face an of which, when the cutter is introduced, is in the plane of the face f, against which the lower end of the cutter rests. The bed l has an arm, n, extending back from it, through a bifurcation, o, of which a stationary screw, p, extends, as seen in the drawings. A nut, q, works on this screw and against the arm n. When the cutter is introduced into the stock, this nut is turned back, so that the bed may be tipped in its socket to bring its face and the facefinto line, in which condition the cutting edge is protruded from the plane face for the maximum of cut desirable, and in this position the cutter is securely clamped. If now the nut q be turned down on its screw, it will bear upon the arm n, tipping or rolling the bed in its socket, and forcing the lower edge of the face in forwards, pressing up the cutting edge of the bit and lessening the cut, through all of which movement to the forcing of said edge in beyond the face of the plane, the part of the bed opposite to the bearing surface of the cutter thereupon is directly supported by the seat or socket k, such firm support being incapable of vibratory movement in itself, and preventing any vibrating or chattering movement in the cutter. The piece l is a simple casting, dropped into position when the cutter is to be introduced, requiring no fitting, and being very inexpensive, thereby rendering the construction embodying such means of adjustment very cheap, as well as very efficient and reliable.

I claim combining, with a mechanism for clamping a plane-iron in position, the rocking bed-piece l, supported and rolling in a concave seat, k, and serving to support and adjust the cutting edge of the plane-iron, substantially as set forth.

BENJN. A. BLANDIN.

Witnesses:
J. B. CROSBY,
F. GOULD.

No. 112,675 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Joseph R. Bailey) (1871)

[paiddownloads id=”181″]112675

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOSEPH R. BAILEY, OF WOONSOCKET, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR TO
HIMSELF AND SELDEN A. BAILEY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 112,675, dated March 14, 1871.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH R. BAILEY, of Woonsocket, in the county of Providence, and in the State of Rhode Island, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawing, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a bench-plane with my improvement attached. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section thereof. Fig. 3 is a transverse section of part thereof, to show the dovetailed slide for the reception of the wooden handle.

The same letters are used in all the figures in the designation of identical parts.

My invention relates to bench-planes; and the improvement consists in the employment, in combination with a cam or eccentric rod for securing the bit and its cap, of a plate interposed between the eccentric-rod and the cap of the bit, and arranged to slide in ways formed in the stock in a plane at right angles, or nearly so, to the flat surface of the bit, so that in securing the latter by turning the eccentric-rod the bit and the cap are pressed upon vertically by the sliding plate, and thus the sliding of the former prevented.

To enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

The stock A, in the example shown, is made of cast iron or steel, with flanges A1 and cross-bars A2, to form a receptacle and support for the bit B and its usual cap B’. The stock has the ordinary throat in the base, through which the cutting-edge of the bit projects.

A dovetailed slide, A3, is cast upon the rear part of the stock for the reception and retention of the wooden handle C, and at the front end of the stock is provided with a knob, D, as usual.

The bit and cap can be secured in the stock by a transverse bar, E, having its bearings in the flanges A1, and being slightly curved, so that by turning it until its handle E’ assumes the position shown in the drawing it will bear down upon a plate, F, resting upon the cap of the bit. This plate F fits snugly between the flanges of the stock, and has an ear, f, turned up at each end, as clearly shown. Each of these ears has a rib, f’, upon its outer surface, which fit in grooves cut in the flanges A1 of the stock, which grooves should stand at about right angles to the fiat surface of the bit. Where the rod E passes through the ears of the plate, are elongated apertures in them, to permit the latter to move at right angles to the axis of the former.

I am aware that it is not new to secure a bit in the stock of a plane by means of a cam or curved rod, and do not therefore claim this feature separately, but only when combined with a sliding plate, as described, which prevents the disarrangement of the bit or its cap, or both, in the act of securing them by such cam or curved rod.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

In a bench-plane, the eccentric or curved bar E, for securing the bit, when combined with a plate, F, interposed between it and the bit, and arranged to slide at right angles to the latter, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

JOSEPH R. BAILEY.

Witnesses:
EDWIN ALDRICH,
WM. H. BAILEY.

No. 99,275 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Louis D. Tredway) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”163″]99275

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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LOUIS D. TREDWAY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 99,275, dated January 25, 1870.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS D. TREDWAY, of the city and county of St. Louis, and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which make a part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 represents a view in perspective of a plane embracing my improvements. Fig. 2 represents a vertical longitudinal section thereof. Fig. 3 represents a bottom view of the plane. Fig. 4 represents a view in perspective of the metallic shoe detached from the plane.

My improvements consist in the employment of a front adjusting-screw, in connection with a double-socketed boss projecting from the metallic shoe, and a vertical clamping-screw, whereby the said metallic shoe is not only adjusted to regulate the fineness of the cut, but held by said adjusting-screw, so as to prevent its being forced back against the edge of the bit, which would be the case if such adjustment simply depended upon the vertical clamp-screw; in constructing the metallic shoe with projections on each side thereof contiguous to the bit, for the purpose of forming a brace and guide to the lower end of the bit and a support to the throat end of the plate, which, in connection with the adjusting-screw, allows the said metallic shoe to be adjusted and held always in a line parallel with a line drawn through the center of the plane; and in beveling that edge of the metallic shoe adjacent to the bit, so as to maintain an angle of about ninety degrees with reference to the bit, for the purpose of allowing the throat of the plane to clear itself more rapidly of shavings and effectually prevent choking.

In the accompanying drawings, A represents the stock of the plane, constructed and provided with a bit, B, in the usual manner.

The metallic shoe D is fitted in a recess, D, made on the under side of the front portion of the plane, and extends from the end thereof to the edge of the bit B. It is provided with a boss, E,which extends within a cavity made in the stock A, so as to allow it to be adjusted nearer to or farther from the bit, and fitted l I with a screw-socket, a, to receive a vertical screw, F, by which the shoe C is clamped when adjusted. It is also provided with a screw-socket, b, in its front side, into which a horizontal adjusting-screw, G, is inserted. The head c of this screw G is secured within a thimble, H, countersunk in the front end of the stock A, by means of the shoulders formed by the head c on one side and a pin, d, on the other side of the thimble, passing through the screw G, so as to lock it therewith. This screw not only serves to adjust the metallic shoe C, but serves to brace it against any movement toward the cutting-bit B. This is especially advantageous, because the vertical clamping-screw F is liable to become loose, and is not sufficient to clamp the metallic shoe against the thrust of the plane when brought into sudden contact with a knot or other hard resistance in the timber. Neither is it sufficient to resist the tendency of the shoe to be forced backward against the edge of the bit in “backing the plane.” The adjusting screw G therefore avoids injury to the bit at all times by preventing its contact with the shoe C, which would be the case if the clamp-screw only were used. The inner edge of this metallic shoe C is cut out or made with a recess, D, for the reception of the cutting-edge of the bit B in such a manner as to leave an arm or projection, I, at each end thereof, and the space between these arms is just equal to the width of the bit, for the double purpose of forming a guide and support to the cutting end of the bit and lateral supports to the inner end of the shoe, for it will be seen that when the bit is placed between the arms I of the shoe its lower portion can have no transverse movement whatever, but must present a straight edge to the bottom of the plane, as the arms of the shoe form stops thereto on either side. Neither can the inner end of the plate have any side movement, because the arms are locked with the bit. This result could not be obtained without these supporting-arms, because the sides of the throat are liable to constant wear.

The end of the recessed portion D of the shoe C is beveled inward, as represented at J, so as to present an angle to the face of the bit of ninety degrees, more or less, and as this bevel opens into the throat K of the plane, it effectually prevents clogging, which would not be the case if the end of the shoe were att right angles to its face.

The head of the vertical clamp-screw F is fitted within a thimble on the upper side of the stock A, which is provided with a slot, L, to allow the screw-bolt which passes through it into the boss E, to move with the adjustment of the metallic shoe, and this screw must be unclamped whenever it is necessary to turn the adjusting-screw, and when the shoe is adjusted it is again clamped.

These improvements adapt the plane to perform the service of an entire set of bench-planes, and by them I am enabled to work a single-iron plane without a cap on the bit, and to do better and finer work than the ordinary plane with the cap, and with less labor.

Having described my invention, I claim —

The metallic face-plate C, constructed as described, in combination with the vertical clamping-screw F, the horizontal front adjusting and bracing screw, G, and the fixed thimble H, the whole constructed and arranged as described.

LOUIS D. TREDWAY.

Witnesses:
THOMAS KEYES,
F. D. LOVELL.

No. 99,137 – Improvement In Joiners’ Planes (George Cyrus Beckwith) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”162″]99137

United States Patent Office.

GEORGE CYRUS BECKWITH, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 99,137, dated January 25, 1870.
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IMPROVEMENT IN JOINERS’ PLANES.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE CYRUS BECKWITH, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have made a new and useful Invention, having reference to Joiners’ Planes; and do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specification, and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view;
Figure 2, a side elevation;
Figure 3, an end view; and
Figure 4, a longitudinal section of a joiners’ plane, containing my invention.

This plane has a stock, capable of being expanded and contracted, for the purpose of adapting it to hold plane-irons or cutters, and throat-pieces, of different sizes or widths. lt also has a new and peculiar mechanism for holding the plane-iron or cutter in place in the stock and throat-piece.

The stock is mainly composed of two jaws A B, the handle C being affixed to one of them, viz, that marked A.

Screws a a go through holes made in the jaw B, and screw into projections b b, extended from the jaw A.

Furthermore, a duplex thumb-screw, D, goes through the upper parts of the middles of the two jaws, and over the plane-iron or cutter E, which, with a wooden base-plate or throat-piece, F, is arranged between the two jaws, in manner as represented.

The duplex thumb-screw has two screw-threads c d, which are pitched or run in opposite directions, relatively to one another, one being what is usually termed “a right-hand screw,” and the other “a left-hand screw.”

One of these screws is screwed into the jaw-plate A, and the other into the jaw-plate B, the whole being so that a person, by revolving the duplex screw in one direction, will cause the jaw-plates to recede from one another, and, by turning the said screw in the opposite direction, will cause the two plates or jaws to approach one another. The screws a a serve to compress the jaws upon a throat-piece, when placed between them.

For better supporting a throat-piece by the jaws, I usually make each of the latter with a tongue, f, projecting from its inner side, such tongue being to enter a corresponding groove, g, made in the next adjacent edge of the throat-piece. This throat-piece may have a flat bottom, or it may have a bottom formed like that of any common moulding-plane.

It is intended, by my invention, to have a series of throat-pieces of different widths, and also to have a series of plane-irons or cutters, and cap-irons, to correspond with such, the same being to enable a joiner with one stock, and such a series of throat-pieces and plane-irons, and cap-irons, to compose such a plane as his necessities may require front time to time, whether such be a plane for moulding, or for plane-surface work.

The throat-piece F has a chip-throat, h, made through it, such being to receive the plane-iron or cutter E, and the cap-iron H.

For the support of the plane-iron, the two jaw-plates are provided with rebated ledges, one of which is shown at i, in fig. 4.

Furthermore, a stud, k, extends from the inner face of each jaw-plate, in manner as shown in figs. 1 and 4. These studs serve as bearings or fulcra for the cap-plate, which is passed underneath both of them, and, at its lower part, rests on the plane-iron or cutter.

There is, between the two screws of the thumb-screw D, an arm, l, which turns freely on the shank of the screw, or is pivoted to the screw, so as to be capable of turning up and down thereon.

A cammed lever, L, jointed to the said arm, either bears upon the plane-iron, or upon a spring, n, projected from the rear part of the arm, and resting on the plane-iron.

By pressing down the tail or handle o of the cammed lever L, the arm I will be elevated against the cap-iron, and the cam p of the lever will be forced against the plane-iron, and thus, by means of the iron and the cammed lever, and the supports of the plane-iron and the cap-iron, such plane-iron and cap-iron may be fastened simultaneously in place in the stock and throat-piece.

In the above-described plane, I claim, as my invention, the following, viz:

The stock, as composed of the two jaws A B, and their clamping and expanding dowels or screws a a D, substantially as set forth, in combination with a separate throat-piece, F, as explained.

Also, the combination of the arm Z and the cammed lever L, applied to the duplex extension-screw D, and arranged with the plane-cutter E and the cap~iron H, as explained.

GEORGE CYRUS BECKWITH.

Witnesses :
R. H. EDDY,
S. N. PIPER.

No. 97,177 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Grooving-Plane (Theodore Duval) (1869)

[paiddownloads id=”155″]97177

United States Patent Office.

THEODORE DUVAL, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

Letters Patent No. 97,177, dated November 23, 1869.
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IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ GROOVING-PLANE.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THEODORE DUVAL, of Hartford, county of Hartford, and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful improvements in “Dadoes” or Grooving-Tool, (commonly called a “dado,”) for forming grooves in wood below the surface; and to enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, I will proceed to describe it, referring to the drawings, in which the same letters indicate like parts in each of the figures.

The nature of this invention consists in constructing a joiners’ or carpenters’ grooving-tool, commonly called a “dado,” in two parts, so that the two parts may be easily and quickly adjusted relatively to each other, that a groove or grooves may be formed therewith of various widths.

These “dadoes,” as usually made by tool-makers, are kept on sale by tool-vendors, classified as moulding-tools, are made of various widths, to out or form grooves of certain widths, each tool for each width.

The object of this invention is to produce in one tool all that is required to form grooves of several different widths, or of any particular width, according to the thickness of a shelf, or other purpose for which said grooves may be required.

In the accompanying drawings —

Figure 1 is a face view of a “dado” constructed after this improvement.
Figure it is an end view.
Figure 3 is a cross-section view, showing how the two parts are expanded or contracted to form a groove of any given or desired width.

a, the “dado”-stocks, made in two parts, each of which parts is constructed very much in the common way of making “dadoes.”

These two parts are held in uniform relative positions with each other, and expanded or contracted to the width it is desirable the tool shall out, by means of adjusting-screws f.

d are metallic plates, fitted into depressions formed in the outsides, near the ends, and fiush with the surface of the stock. These plates are firmly secured by screws to the stock.

The plates upon one side of the tool are provided with hubs e, through which the screws f are fitted to turn in and out closely and freely.

The screws f pass through the plates d and stock, and are held in a fixed position against an endwise increment by a collar, g, recessed into and flush with the inside surface of the stock, thence the screw passes into the hubs e.

The screws f pass through the plates d and stock, into the hubs e.

The cutting-iron, gauge, or stops which regulate the depth of the groove to be cut by the tool, the spurs tor cutting the width of the groove, are all constructed very much in the common way.

Now, it will be seen that with the use of this “dado” or grooving-tool, I am enabled to adjust the double or two parts so that the grooves may be made therewith of any desirable width, thus accomplishing with one tool what heretofore has required several tools, or, in other words, has heretofore required a tool for each width of groove to be formed.

I believe I have thus shown the nature, construction, and advantage of this invention, so as to enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same therefrom.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

As an article of manufacture, a “dado” or grooving-plane for carpenters’ use, when constructed in two parts, and made adjustable in the manner substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose specified.

THEODORE DUVAL [L. S.] his X mark

Witnesses:
N.C. WILDER,
JEREMY W. BLISS.

No. 96,258 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Georg Müller) (1869)

[paiddownloads id=”154″]96258

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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GEORG MÜLLER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND FRANCIS BURNET, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 96,258, dated October 26, 1869.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORG MÜLLER, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Carpenters’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a top view ofi a carpenter’s plane containing my invention; Fig. 2, a side elevation, and Fig. 3 a vertical section, of same. Fig. 4 is an under side view of the retaining-box in connection with the sliding cap-iron; Fig. 5, an inner view of retaining-box with cap-iron removed; Fig. 6, a plan of the sliding cap-iron, and Fig. 7 a longitudinal section of said iron.

This invention relates to a novel device for adjusting the cap and bit-irons of a carpenter’s plane in relation to each other and to the plane, and holding the same firmly in position by means of a swinging box or frame, which is pivoted to the plane-stock, and on which the cap-iron slides, the said box having set-screws for adjusting, retaining, and bracing the box, cap-iron, bit-iron, and plane-stock together, and at the same time rendering the cutting-irons capable ofthe nicest adjustment and stability in relation to each other and to the face of the plane-stock.

Having described the nature of my invention, I will now describe its construction and mode of operation.

In the drawings, A is the plane-stock, B the handle, and C the plane-iron or cutting-bit. D is the cap-iron, having projections e e, which slide on the ways of the box, and having, also, a lip or projection, f, at right angles to its face, in which set-screws (which pass through the end of the box marked g g g’) operate, for purposes hereinafter explained. H is the retaining-box, which receives the cap-iron D, and has ways i i, on which the projections e e of the cap-iron slide, while the projection or lip f of said cap-iron slides on the interior of the box, Fig. 4. This box H is pivoted to the plane-stock at k, and has a clamping-screw, m, for the purpose of bracing the cap and bit irons together, and against the rear, a, of the throat of the plane-stock.

To arrange my plane for operation, I place the bit C in the throat a of the plane-stock. I next set the cap-iron D within the box H and insert the adjusting and clamp screws in their places, and I place the box so equipped in the throat of the plane. I now pass the pivot k through the throat of the plane, and through the box H; and for adjustment of the cap-iron in relation to the bit-iron in a longitudinal or transverse direction I simply turn the screws g g, or either of them, (as the case may be,) back or forth, and when so adjusted hold the cap-iron D in position by the screw g’, abutting against the lip f of the cap-iron, and I next clamp the whole together by means of the screw m, when my improved plane is ready for operation.

It will be seen from the above that by means of the pivot k and clamping-screw m the box H, cap-iron D, and bit-iron C are braced firmly together and against the plane-stock, equally distributing the pressure over the surface of the part a of the throat of the plane: Furthermore, by this arrangement the box H closely tits the throat of the plane laterally, the movements of the cap-iron being pertormed within the box; besides, the box can be brought near the mouth of the plane, thereby giving strength and stability to the cutting-irons, and at the same time easy exit to the shavings, for the reason that I dispense with the prize fork or carrier F, used in the subject of a patent granted me on the 29th day of May, A. D. 1866, and on which I consider my present invention an improvement, inasmuch as the swell on the box E, for reception of the prize-fork, prevented the approach of the box toward the mouth of the plane or end of the cutting-irons, rendering the said irons partially unstable, while it also prevented the easy exit of the shavings, or rather tended to choke the throat of the plane; and, besides this, the said box E was slotted for reception of the joint-pin G, and did not fill the throat of the plane laterally, as provision had to be made for the lateral movements of the cap-iron, and both the box and prize-fork were slid together, while in my present improvement the box H is stationary, while the cap-iron D slides transversely and longitudinally on the ways of the box; and thus I produce an improvement on my former plane, which can be manufactured for two-thirds of its cost.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patents, is —

The arrangement of the stationary box H, pivoted to the plane-stock, and fitting closely the the throat thereof laterally, in combination with the cap-iron D, which is moved and adjusted beneath the said box, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature this 21st day of August, A. D 1867.

GEORG MÜLLER

Witnesses:
FRANZ BERNET;
A. NEILL.

No. 96,052 – Improvement In Plane (E.G. Storke) (1869)

[paiddownloads id=”153″]96052

United States Patent Office.

E. G. STORKE, OF AUBURN, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 96,052, dated October 19, 1869.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANE.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, E. G. STORKE, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Method of Preventing the Adhesion to the Wood, of the Faces of Metallic Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing, marked “A,” making part of this specification, in which is represented the face of a metallic plane, fluted, grooved, or channelled, according to the plan of my invention.

Those flutes, grooves, or channels, may be more or less in number, and cut to a greater or less depth, provided the object be thereby attained of relieving all extra and unnecessary friction.

The object, however, is fully attained by making them about one thirty-second of an inch deep, one sixteenth of an inch broad, and one eighth of an inch asunder.

Fully one-half of the bearing-surface of the face of the plane may be thus removed, and thus to that extent diminish the points of contact, and the consequent friction, and, at the same time, preserve the full perfection of the working-face of the plane, including its throat.

It has long been known to mechanics that metallic planes have adhered to the wood much closer than wooden planes, and therefore required much more power to operate them.

This excessive friction was caused by their exact and even faces, which were not materially varied by use or atmospheric changes.

When used on very level surfaces, there were so many points of contact that the friction was troublesome, and the adhesion was further increased by atmospheric pressure, as partial vacuums would thus be formed.

The practical effect of this has been to prevent, in a large degree, the introduction and general use of metallic planes.

The object of my invention is twofold, namely, to remove about one-half of the surface of the face of the plane, so that there shall be fewer points of contact, and to form free air-channels, so that no vacuums can be formed, or any trouble arise from atmospheric pressure, however perfect the plane or true the surface on which it is moved.

I effect these two objects by fluting, grooving, or channelling the faces of metallic bench or other planes for wood-workers, as above specified, parallel to their length, or in some equivalent way.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

A metallic plane, having the face grooved in lines parallel to the sides, in the manner and for the purpose specified.

E. G. STORKE.

Witnesses:
U. L. STORKE,
T. B. BARBER.

No. 91,990 – Improvement In Wood-Plane (Paul Viccellio) (1869)

[paiddownloads id=”152″]91990

United States Patent Office.

PAUL VICCELLIO, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

Letters Patent No. 91,990, dated June 29, 1869.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN WOOD-PLANE.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL VICCELLIO, of the city of New Orleans, in the State of Louisiana, have invented new and valuable Improvements in Wood-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof; reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The object of this invention is to so construct aplane that the cap may be nicely adjusted upon the plane-bit, without regard to the distance that said bit may project beyond or below the face of the plane; and lt consists of the sliding adjustable, and perpendicular cap, as applied to and adjusted upon the plane bit.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the plane;
Figure 2 is a top view ofthe plane;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the cap and its attachments for operating it; and
Figure 4 is a back view of same.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will describe its construction and operation.

A represents the wood or stock of a common smooth plane.

b is the holding-wedge to plane-bit c. The plane-bit c is set at an acute angle to the face of the plane, in order to secure an easy cut by the bit.

B represents the throat of the plane, with the rear or back side perpendicular, as seen in fig. 1.

Into the wood of the plane, on its top, is a metal plate, a’, sunk flush with the wood, and held in its place by screws e’, through holes e in plate a.

The front edge of plate a’ is recessed nearly its whole length, or so as to receive cap a in grooves that are cut therein, as seen in figs. 2 and 3, and in said grooves the cap a can freely slide.

Upon the back side of cap a is a lug-nut, a”, having a female screw-thread therein.

There is a thumb-screw D, having collars d and d’, upon each side of plate a’, so that it is securely held in its position, and upon the lower end is out a screw-thread which enters into lug-nut a”, and by turning the thumb-screw, the cap a is raised or depressed, as may be desired.

Cap a is acutely bevelled on its rear lower edge, so as to present a sharp edge upon the plane-bit c, as seen in fig. 1, and it can readily be seen that by depressing the cap by means of screw D, the most delicate adjustment of the cap upon the plane-bit can be obtained. The bit c can be taken out of the stock A, by releasing wedge b, which, in order to hold the bit firmly in position tbr cap a to act upon, is put in the rear side of said bit c, and is just as effective in holding, adjusting, or releasing the bit, as if it was placed betore it.

By placing the cap a in a perpendicular, and the bit at an acute angle with the face of the plane, the shaving is easily severed from the wood, and the cap a crimps the sharing, and insures a clear smooth out upon the wood, however cross-grained or knotty the wood may be. At the same time the cap is straight on its face, causing only a single bend of the shaving to follow up the face of the cup through the throat and out ot’ the plane, without, in the least, clogging or crimping.

The parts are all simple and cheap in construction and operation, less liable to get out of order by reason of the fewer parts, and making, as a whole, a plane of less cost, more effective and satisfactory in its use, and less trouble to manage while so in use.

I am aware that there are many devices for adjusting plane-bits in the stock, as well as many for adjusting the cap upon the bit.

I am also aware of the plane described in Patent No. 50,378, where the cap is adjusted by means of a set-screw upon the plane-bit.

None of the devices therein described do I claim, as the construction of that plane is more expensive, has more parts, thus increasing the liability to get out of repair, and so constructed that the shaving has to go through a secondary bend to be successfully discharged from the plane.

My improvement can be applied to all kinds of planes, such as jack or fore-planes, and jointers, as well as smooth-planes.

Having thus described my invention,

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The above-described plane, when composed of the combination of the bit c, wedge b, cap a, and its adjusting-devices, with the stock A, all constructed to operate in the manner and tbr the purpose substantially as described.

PAUL VICCELLIO.

Witnesses:
WM. MANTEY,
F. LURGES.

No. 60,265 – Improvement In Mitre Planes (John Sawyer) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”121″]60265

United States Patent Office.

IMPROVEMENT IN MITRE PLANES.
_________________

JOHN SAWYER, OF MORAVIA, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 60,265, dated December 4, 1866.

_________________

SPECIFICATION.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, JOHN SAWYER, of Moravia, in the county of Cayuga, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this speciication, in which —

Figure 1 is a top view of my improved plane and guide-plate, part being broken away to show the construction.

Figure 2 is an end view of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

My invention has for its object to furnish an improved apparatus by means of which the ends of mouldings may be out at any desired bevel so as to make a close joint; and it consists, first, in the plane, constructed and arranged as hereinafter more fully described; and, second, in the adjustable guide-plate, in combination with the plane, said guide-plate being constructed and arranged as hereinafter more fully described.

A is the plane, which is furnished with two plane-irons, a1 and a2, placed, one in each end of the plane and inclined in opposite directions, as shown in fig. 1. The cutting edges of these plane-irons, a1 and a2, project at the side of the plane, instead of projecting at the bottom, in the usual manner. The plane-irons a1 and a2 are set in grooves in the body of the plane, and are secured in place by wooden wedges, a3 and a4, in the ordinary way, a space being formed in front of said irons and wedges for the escape of the shavings. The handle, a5, is attached to the central part of the upper side, as shown in fig. 1, and should be of such a form that the plane may be conveniently worked in either direction. B is the guide-plate, in connection with which the plane is used. The face of the plate B is grooved longitudinally near one edge, with a shallow groove of such a size that the lower face or side of the plane, A, may accurately fit into it, as shown in fig. 2, so that it may move in a direct line when operated. The depth of this groove should be such that the upper surface of the plate B may be in a line with the lower corner of the plane-irons, as shown in ig. 2. C are the guide-bars, against which the mouldings are held while being operated upon. These guide-bars, C, are pivoted at their inner ends to the plate B, and they are clamped at any angle to give any desired bevel to the ends ofthe moulding by the screws D and thumb-nuts E. The screws D pass through slots formed in the plate B, their heads fitting into a channel formed on the under side of said plate.

I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The grooved and slotted plate B and pivoted guide-bars C, when used in combination with the plane A, having its iron, a1 a2, inclined in opposite directions, substantially as described for the purpose specified.

JOHN SAWYER.

Witnesses:
E. E. BROWN,
O. R. VAN ETTEN.

No. 82,450 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (John Blake Tarr) (1868)

[paiddownloads id=”146″]82450

United States Patent Office.

JOHN BLAKE TARR, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

Letters Patent No. 82,450, dated December 18, 1868.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, JOHN BLAKE TARR, of Chicago, Cook county, State of Illinois, have invented an Improved Carpenters’ Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, taken vertically through the centre of my improved plane.
Figure 2 is a similar view of the same parts, showing the plane-iron set to cut a very thick shaving.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the plane complete.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to an improvement in adjusting and setting plane-irons of carpenters’ or bench-planes, of various descriptions, whereby these irons or blades can be adjusted and set at any desired pitch for removing very thin or very thick shavings, by simply turning a thumb-screw, which is applied to the plane-stock and blade in such manner as to give a greater or less bow or bend to the latter, according to the pitch required, as will be hereinafter described.

Before my invention, plane-irons have been applied to plane-stocks by means of clamping-devices, which bent or bowed the irons, so as to increase or diminish the pitch of their cutting-edges for removing thick or thin shavings. The objection to said devices is, that it is necessary to render the plane-irons comparatively loose in adjusting their cutting-edges for removing thick shavings. The object of my invention is, to so construct and apply adjusting-clamps to plane-irons and their stocks, that the greater the amount of pitch given to the cutting-edges of the irons, the tighter will they be held, as will be hereinafter described.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention, I will describe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings —

A represents the stock of a jointing-plane, having my invention applied to it. This stock is constructed in the usual well-known manner, and is also in the blade or plane-iron B, as will be seen by reference to figs. 1 and 2.

Near the upper termination of the inclined bed a of the plane-stock, a recess is made, into which is fitted and firmly secured a plate, b, having a deep notch or slot formed in it, which should be exactly in the centre of the width of the stock.

In rear of this slotted plate b, and in a line therewith, a hole is bored into the plane-stock, and screw-tapped for receiving a male-screw, C, which has a T-head formed upon its upper end. A similar T-head screw, D, is tapped into the plane-stock in front of the slotted plate b. Both screws, C and D, are in the same vertical plane, and both have the same degree of inclination backward, as shown in figs. 1 and 2. The screw C projects from the top of the plane-stock, and the screw D projects from the inclined bed a of this stock. They are arranged about equal distances from the slotted plate b, and may be adjusted further into or out of the stock at pleasure, by turning them to the right or left.

A thumb-screw, E, is tapped through a sliding nut, F, applied to the plane-iron B, which screw has an annular groove formed in it near that end which is opposite its head. This groove leaves a contracted neck, which is received by the groove or notch in the upper edge of fixed plate b, as shown in figs. 1 and 2, thus affording a purchase for the screw E, when applied in its place.

The nut F has grooves in its sides, at right angles to the axis of the screw E, which grooves receive the inner edges of the plane-iron B, when the nut is applied in the slot thereof, and thus afford an attachment for the nut to the plane-iron.

The heads on the screws C and D are turned so as to bring them in line with the length of the slot through the plane-iron.

The nut F, with screw E applied to it, is slipped upon the plane-iron, and the latter adjusted in place in the plane, so that the neck of the screw E will be received by the slot or notch on plate b, and the screws C D passed through the plane-iron slot, as shown in the drawings. The screws C and D are then turned around so as to leave their heads cross-wise of the slot through the plane-iron, thereby causing them to serve as bearings against wliich the plane-iron is pressed upward, by tightening the screw E.

It will be seen, from the above description, that the plane-iron is forced upward and forward against the lower edges of the heads of screws C D, by means of an adjusting-screw, which is between said screws; consequently the degree of inclination of said plane-iron will be governed by the relative positions of the beads of said screws C D, which latter can be adjusted at pleasure, when the plane-iron is released from pressure.

It will also be seen that by setting the screw E up tight, the plane-iron will be more or less curved or bent out of a straight line, as shown in fig. 2, the result of which will be to throw back the cutting-edge of said iron and increase or diminish its pitch, and the size of the throat. By this arrangement, a very nice adjustment can be effected by simply turning the thumb-screw E, while, at the same time, the greater the pitch attained, the stronger will the plane-iron be held in place.
To remove the plane-iron for sharpening it, it is only necessary to loosen the screw E, and turn the heads of the screws C D in line with the slot through the plane-iron, when the latter may be slipped out of its place, and the screw E and its nut detached from it.

I do not claim, broadly, adjusting the cutting-edges of plane-irons by pressure applied between the upper and lower ends of the iron; but

What I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination of the central clamping and tightening-device with the adjustable supports C D, the said device and the supports being applied to a plane-stock, and in the relation to the plane-iron thereof, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

2. Making the two supports or abutments C D adjustable, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

3. Applying pressure to a plane-iron between two supports, C D, through a device, E F, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein described.

4. Changing the pitch and tightening the plane-iron by the same means, and at the same time, the means employed being constructed and operated substantially as herein described.

5. The adjusting of the plane~iron by means of the clamping-device composed of the screws C, D, and E, nut F, and plate b, and applied in such manner that the bit is tightened, and the pitch changed at the same time, and by the same means, when constructed to operate substantially in the manner described.

6. Arranging the plane-iron beneath the heads or shoulders of two adjustable bearings, C D, and under a shoulder of a nut, F, so that it may be adjusted by means of either or both ofthe bearings C D, and may be tightened and have its pitch changed by the screw E, all substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.

JOHN BLAKE TARR.

Witnesses:
EDW. SCHAFER,
EDM. F. BROWN.

No. 67,398 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Leonard Bailey) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”130″]67398

United States Patent Office.

LEONARD BAILEY OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

Letters Patent No. 67,398, dated August 6, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENTS IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL PERSONS TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare the same to be fully described in the following specification, and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view.

Figure 2, a side elevation, and

Figure 3 a longitudinal section of a plane provided with my invention.

The stock of the plane I construct in two parts, A B, the throat C for the reception ofthe plane-iron being formed in both of them in manner as represented. The lower portion B of the stock I make of wood, and the upper portion A of iron or metal, each being formed in manner as represented in the drawings. The portion A is placed on the top of the part B, and they are connected by clamp-screws a b going down through slots c d made in the part A, the same being so as to enable the part A to he moved a little lengthwise or adjusted on the part B, as occasion may require, in order to bring the plane-iron supporting-face e of such part A flush or even with the upper surface of a thin plate when glued or fixed to the plane-iron or supporting-face f of the part B. As the lower surface of the part B may become worn away, from use of the plane, the opening of the lower part of the throat will grow wider, and finally become so wide as to render it necessary to glue, or fix on the back or inclined face of that part of the throat which is on the part B, a thin layer or plate of wood or other material of sufficient thickness to bring the plane-iron in its true relation with the front edge of the opening of the throat. The advantage of applying the parts A and B to each other in manner or so as to enable the part A to be moved and adjusted on the part B will thus be apparent. The plane-iron is represented at C’ as provided with a cap-iron, D, which is fastened to the plane-iron by means of a clamp-screw, g, which goes through a slot, k, made lengthwise in the plane-iron and screws into the cap-iron. The cap-iron, near its upper end or heel, and directly over the slot h, I form with a hole or slot, k, to receive the shorter arm l of a forked lever, D’, which, with its fulcrum m, is arranged in the part A in manner as represented. The said forked lever is shown in top view in Figure 4, its shorter arm being arranged at or about at a right angle with its longer or furcated arm. The two prongs of the forked arms embrace the shank of a nut, E, and enter a groove, l’, made in and around the shank. This nut is screwed on a vertical male screw, F, extending up from the part A and near to its rear handle m’, in manner as shown in the drawings. The object of the said nut and furcated lever, as arranged and applied to the part A or the plane-stock, and the cap of the plane-iron, as explained and represented, is to enable a person to move the said plane-iron lengthwise in order to properly adjust its cutting-edge with reference to the bottom surface of the plane-stock. Were the hole k in the plane-iron instead of in the cap-iron, the plane-iron, as it might become worn up by the process of sharpening it, would require a new hole or series of holes in it to render it available, but by having the hole k in the cap-iron, such hole not only serves, with the shorter arm of the lever D, as a means of readily attaining the proper position of the plane-iron and its cap-iron in the stock, but enables the plane-iron to be adjusted by the action of the lever and the nut and screw, and to be adjusted on the cap-iron, as occasion may require, after a sharpening of the plane may have taken place. In order to aid in depressing the heel of the fastening bearer or lever G from the head of the screw H, as well as to afford a means of aiding in throwing up the cam-lever I, and to enable the cam o of such lever to turn without friction on the cap-iron, I affix to the bearer, on its under side, a spring plate, p, it being arranged with the bearer and its lever I in manner as represented.

What I claim as my invention in the above-described joiner’s plane is as follows:

I claim the arrangement of the two parts A B of the stock together, and with slots c d and clamp-screws a b, as described, whereby such parts may be adjusted with reference to each and clamped together as and for the purpose specified.

I also claim the combination as well as the arrangement of the adjusting screw F and nut E, or the equivalent thereof, and the bent lever, with the plane-stock.

Also, the arrangement of the hole k in the cap-iron to operate with the adjusting lever, combined with the screw and nut, or the equivalent thereof, and applied to the stock, as set forth.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
GEO. H. ANDREWS.

No. 59,498 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (John Woodville) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”120″]59498

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN WOODVILLE, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 59,498, dated November 6, 1866.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN WOODVILLE, of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Jointing-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a side view of a plane with my improvement attached. Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the same, taken through the line x x, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view of the same, taken through the line y y, Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

My invention has for its object to furnish an improved jointing-plane, by means of which the edge of a board may be made square, or may be beveled at any desired angle; and it consists in the supporting angular plate, the adjustable hinged guide-plate, the adjusting-screw, bush-nut, wrench, and lock-nut, in combination with each other and with the stock or frame of the plane, when said parts are constructed and arranged as hereinafter more fully described.

A is the plane-stock, about the construction of which there is nothing new. B is the supporting-plate, which consists of three portions, b1 b2, and b3. The part b1 is attached to the side of the plane-stock A by two bevel-headed screw-bolts, C and D, which pass through beveled slots E and F in the said part b1 of the plate B, as shown in Fig. 1. The slots E and F are beveled in two ways: first, their edges are beveled so as to fit upon the beveled underside of the heads of the bolts C and D, as shown in Fig. 3, and, second, they are beveled or made wedge-shaped, so as to clamp the bolts C and D, and thus be held securely in place. The rear end of the slot E is enlarged, so as to permit the head of the bolt C to pass through it, but the slot F is cut through the edge of the plate, as shown in Fig. 1. The part b2 stands at right angles to the part b1, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The part b3 projects from the upper edge of the part b2, and is parallel with the part b1, as shown in Fig. 2. The part b3 is made in the form of an isosceles triangle, and has a hole made through its apex, which hole is countersunk or rounded out on its upper side, for the purpose hereinafter mentioned.

The plate B is strengthened by having a flange cast upon its edge, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

G is the sliding guide-plate, the side edges of which project downward, so as to form ribs or runners g1, upon which it slides along the surface of the timber being operated upon, and insures the plate G from rocking, and gives a steady movement to the plane. g2 and g3 are projecting ears or arms cast upon the plate G, by means of which said plate is pivoted to the plate B. The pivoting-point g4, attached to the ear g3, is made solid therewith; but the pivoting-point g5, attached to the ear g2, is removable, being the point of a screw passing through the said ear, as shown in Fig. 1. These points g4 and g5 enter and work in sockets formed in the edge of the part b2 of the plate B, as shown in Fig. 1.

The ears g2 and g3 are made with a shoulder, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the inner edge of the plate G may be as low or a little lower than the upper corner of the edge of the plane-iron, so that the whole edge of the board may be smoothly cut.

g6 are two ears, cast upon the upper surface of the plate G, between which the end of the screw H is pivoted by a pin passing through the said ears and the said end of the screw, as shown in Fig. 2.

I is a bush-nut, which passes up through the hole in the part b3 of the plate B, before described, and through which the screw H passes. J is a wrench, which fits upon the upper end of the bush-nut I, and which has a feather formed upon its inner surface, which feather enters a slot or groove in the side of the said bush-nut I, so that the said nut may be raised or lowered by turning the wrench J. The nut I is made with a flange on its lower end, and the lower end of the wrench J is rounded off, so as to fit into rounded-out parts of the hole through the plate B at whatever angle the screw H may stand.

K is a lock-nut, which screws down upon the screw H, and locks the wrench J, plate B, and bush-nut I firmly together, the plate B being clamped between wrench J and the flange of the nut I, as shown in Fig. 2.

Into the lower face of the nut K is cut a deep circular groove, as shown in Fig. 2, into the bottom of which is placed a rubber or other elastic spring, L. M is a metal ring, placed in the said groove upon the said spring L. When the nut K is screwed down upon the wrench J the end of the ring M comes in contact with the face of the said wrench J, and holds the parts with an equal pressure at whatever angle the screw H may stand.

By this construction and arrangement the guide plate G may be set at any angle with the face of the plane, so as to give any desired bevel to the jointed edge of the board operated upon, and the parts are all held firm and immovable while the plane is being used, thus insuring a perfectly true joint.

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The hinged screw-rod H, in combination with the parts D G, and provided with the flanged nut I, wrench J, and lock-nut K, when arranged with the jointing-plane herein described, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

JOHN WOODVILLE.

Witnesses :
ALEXANDER MCDONALD,
THOMAS PALMER, Jr.

No. 64,790 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Nelson Palmer) (1867)

[paiddownloads id=”126″]64790

United States Patent Office.

NELSON PALMER OF AUBURN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, SIDNEY W. PALMER, AND J. FOREMAN PALMER., OF SAME PLACE.

Letters Patent No. 64,790, dated May 14, 1867.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, NELSON PALMER, of Auburn, in the county of Cayuga, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention consists, first, in constructing an ordinary bench or other plane so that the throat or opening through which the bit projects shall be of variable size to suit the pitch of the bit and the nature of the work to be performed. In order to do this I make that part of the face of the plane in front of and bordering on the throat, adjustable or capable of being moved away from or toward the bit, according as it is desired to increase or diminish the distance between them. This arrangement is productive of important results, for the throat may be thereby so nearly closed as to cause the shaving-cut by the bit to be thrown up in an almost perpendicular direction, thus obviating the necessity of using, in connection with the bit, a cap, or, as it is sometimes called, “break-iron,” unless in exceptional cases, as, for instance, when the wood is very green and tough. In order to form a perfectly accurate bed for supporting the movable plate or section which regulates the size of the throat I resort to the expedient of running between it and the frame in which it is set, a backing of lead or other suitable material, which, when it hardens, will constitute an accurately-fitting bed supporting the plate at those points which determine its position in the face of the plane. I employ a similar expedient to form a perfect bed for the heel of the bit, as hereinafter described.

My invention farther consists in supporting the bit upon a movable bed, whose lower cud is pivoted or hinged to the frame or stock of the plane in rear of and close to the throat. The bed is capable of being depressed or elevated, its upper end moving in a circle, the centre of which is the point at which the bed is pivotcd to the stock. Its angle of inclination with respect to the throat may thus be varied at pleasure, and the bit which it supports may consequently be adjusted to any desired pitch.

Another feature of my invention is the construction and arrangement of the mechanisms for holding the bit in position on the bed, and for adjusting and maintaining it in and to its proper relations with the threat and face of the plane, i. e., for regulating its “cut” or the distance it shall project out from the throat, and for keeping or preserving its parallelism with the face of the plane. These various devices are all attached to and secured in the bed, and are actuated and operated in the manner hereinafter described.

My invention also consists in supporting the heel or lower part of the bit against a solid bed or backing of metal or other suitable material of suffiicient hardness, formed between it and the back of the throat. The object I have in view is to make a bearing or backing for the bit at the point where the strain mostly comes, when the plane is in use. By placing an accurately-fitting bed between the back of the throat and the heel I am enabled to accomplish this object. When the bit is secured in position on the movable bed, its lower end is pressed firmly and solidly against the backing, effectually checking and preventing any and all vibration ofthe bit, a defect to which ordinary planes are very liable, as is well known.

Lastly, my invention consists in the construction and arrangement of a detachable and independent cap or “break-iron” for turning or bending the shavings up out of the way, which may be secured to or removed from the bit with facility. It is further made adjustable by connecting the two pieces of which it is composed, by means of eccentrics, which may be operated by a lever or equivalent device, so as to adjust the blade or lower end of the cap in its proper position on the bit.

Having thus described the general features of my invention, I will now proceed to detail more particularly the manner in which it is or may be carried into effect by reference to the drawings, in which —

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of a plane constructed in accordance with my invention;

Figure 2 is a plan view of the same.

Figure 3 is a like view with the cap and bit removed so as to show the construction and arrangement of the tilting or movable bed.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of a plane in which a modification of my invention is shown; and

Figures 5, 6, and T are views of detached parts.

The mechanism for increasing and lessening the size of the throat consists of a movable and adjustable plate, C, which is placed in the front part of the plane, so as to be flush with and form part of the face. It is supported and held in proper position to the face of the plane by a backing or accurately-fitted bed of suitable material formed between it and the stock, as above explained. Just in rear of it is the slot or opening which constitutes the throat of the plane. The plate is capable of sliding longitudinally in the stock, its motion being limited and controlled by at stem, c, attached to its upper side, which extends up through at slot, g, formed in the top of the frame A. Upon the stem c is cut a screw-thread, so that it may engage with the hollow shank b: of the knob I, which is screwed down upon that part of the stem e projecting above the surface of the stock. It will be seen that the plate may thus be moved so as to close or open the throat, being held in any desired position by the shank b, which, when the plate is properly adjusted in relation to the hit, is screwed down tightly ever the male stem c, and maintains the whole device firmly in position. The plate is let into the stock, which thus forms in frame in which it is set so as to be flush with the surrounding face of the plane. The plane itself is what is known as a metallic plane, its stock or frame being cast iron. The movable or tilting bed G, which supports the bit, is pivoted or hinged at its lower end to the cast-iron stock a little in rear of the throat. Its pivotal points y’ constitute the axis upon which it is moved for the adjustment of the bit to its proper pitch.

As shown in the drawings, it consists of at skeleton frame which carries the mechanism for adjusting the bit, both as to the extent to which its cutting edge shall project from the throat, and as to its lateral inclination in order to maintain the parallelism of its edge with the face of the plane, and also for regulating its pitch and locking or fastening it in place. These different mechanisms I will now proceed to describe in detail:

First. The devices for adjusting the “cut” of the bit or its verticlal adjustment. The skeleton-frame G contains in its upper part an interior circular frame, G’, which is recessed so as to receive a, rotary disk, K. This disk is of somewhat less size than the recess, and has a groove formed in its periphery. The space between it and the annular frame G’ is filled with an anti-friction metal x, which enters the groove formed in the disk, and thus holds it in position, being itself retained in place by the V shape given the interior surface of the surrounding frame G’. Other methods, however, of holding the rotary disk K in its annular frame will readily suggest themselves, and nmy be used with perhaps equally good effect. The disk carries an eccentric-pin, y, to which is attached a plate, L, which extends downward some distance on the front of the bed, and has a. projecting tooth, i, formed on its face and, near its lower end. The tooth engages with an rack, h, attached to or formed on the under side of the bit B, and by this means, whatever movement is given the plate L, by reason of its eccentric connection with the rotary disk, is imparted to the bit. The toothed plate slides between guides m, which prevent it from moving in other than a longitudinal direction.

This mechanism operates in the following manner: When the bit B is in position on the bed G, and it is desired to adjust its cutting edge so that it shall project more or less from the face of the plane, the disk K is rotated by means of a lever-arm, E, rigidly connected therewith. This rotation of the disk causes, of course, a change in the position of the eccentric-pin y, which is raised or lowered according as the lever E is moved to the right or left. The movement of the pin y is communicated to its plate L, which is raised or lowered in a corresponding degree. The bit B is made to follow the motion of the toothed plate by means of the tooth i, which engages with the rack h, and draws with it the bit as it is moved up and down. Therefore, by simply moving the lever E or other equivalent device for rotating the disk, the bit may be set or adjusted vertically with great ease, and with perfect accuracy and nicety.

Second. The mechanism for adjusting the cutting edge of the bit, so as to maintain its parallelism with the face of the plane. About midway between the two ends of the bed G is it transverse sliding bar, D. This bar extends across the bed, in which are formed recesses or guides to receive it. It is capable of a sliding motion transverse to the length of the bed, and is held in place by the lower and smaller end m’ of the plate L which laps over and holds it against the bed. The end m’ lies between two jaws l l projecting from the face of the sliding bar, the distance between which is sufiicient to prevent their interference with the arm or plate L, when the bar D is moved to and fro. The jaws, when the bit is in place, embrace or grasp the rack h and draw it, and consequently the bit with them, when the bar to which they are attached slides in one direction or the other. In order to accommodate itself to this movement the bit is made capable of at little play between the sides of the stock, so that when its upper part is moved in either direction the lower end will be tilted or laterally inclined in a corresponding degree, and thus throw forward one side or the other of the cutting edge, as desired.

The transverse motion is given to the sliding ber D by providing it with at short arm or spur f, which extends back from the bar in such manner as to fit in a spiral or cam-groove, p, formed in the face of a shaft, k, which is supported in suitable bearings on the under side of the bed G. Upon one of the ends of this shaft a lever-arm, S, is secured by means of which the shaft may be rocked or rotated. When the lever S is moved up or down it will induce the rotation of the shaft, which in turn will, through the medium of the cam groove p and spur f, cause the bar D to slide from right to left, or vice versa, according as it is desired to advance one end or the other of the cutting edge of the bit. By this means the edge may be always kept parallel with the face of the plane, being adjusted to and in such position with the greatest accuracy and precision.

The bit and bed are locked or bound together and held in proper operative position by means of a toggle-jointed lever, H N. The lever N, which is nearest the bed, is forked at one end, fitting on the respective journals of the cam-shaft k. The other arm, II, of the lever terminates in a point, which fits in a corresponding cup or depression formed in the heed of a thumb-screw, P, which is secured to the handle of the plane so as to face the bed. A lever-handle, e, which extends upward from the arm H, is the means by which the lever is operated, and the joint either bent or straightened, as required. When the bit is placed on the bed, and it is desired to secure them in place, the lower end of the arm H is placed in the depression in the head of the thumb-screw P.

The lever e is then pressed forward, which causes the straightening of the toggle-joint, the other arm N of the lever forcing the bed and superincumbent bit up against pins a a, secured at the proper height in the sides of the stock. The bit and bed are thus held firmly between the straightened lever and the pins, which prevent their further motion in either direction. When the bit is to be removed, the toggle-joint must of course be bent by pressing back the lever e, after which the bed can be drawn down far enough to allow the bit to be withdrawn.

If, however, it is only desired to adjust the edge of the bit properly to the face of the plane, the bit need not be loosened. It may still be moved under the pins a a, which bind it down to the bed to a limited degree, by means of the levers S and E, which regulate its position with regard to the throat and face of the plane, as above explained. The pins a can be placed at any height in the stock to give the required pitch to the bit, and the thumb-screw P can be screwed in or out to adjust the bearing of the toggle-jointed lever. If a very steep pitch be required for the bit, as in a veneering or like plane, the lever H can be reversed so that its longer arm H’ may take its place and support the bed in a more elevated position.

To give an additional support to the heel of the bit I place between it and the rear of the throat a stationary bed, d, forming a, solid backing, against which the heel bears firmly, thus preventing the vibration of the bit when the plane is used. It is important that this backing should accurately fit the bit, and I have found that the best method of accomplishing this is to run between the heel and the back of the throat molten lead or other suitable metal, or any plastic material that will harden, so as to form at sufliciently firm and solid bearing for the heel of the bit.

In connection with the bit and bed thus constructed and arranged, I use it cap or “break-iron,” which is not attached to the bit, and which can be removed from or adjusted to the mouth of the plane with great facility. The cap is composed of two section or pieces F F’, as shown in the drawings. They are so placed in relation to each other that their contiguous edges overlap. The upper piece F’ is recessed so as to receive the projecting arm o of the lower section F. A rod or disk which binds the two parts of the cap together is inserted through the arm o, its other end being supported in a bracket or pending arm extending from the upper part of the piece F’. The two ends u v of this cylindrical disk are eccentric with respect to each other, and the disk itself, like the disk K above mentioned, is capable of being rotated by at lever, r, which projects through at segmental slot, s, in the upper piece F’. By means of this eccentric connection between the two plates F F’ I am enabled to move them toward or away from each other, as desired. The lower plate F has secured to it the blade or “break-iron” proper, M, which is held by screws w fitting in slots w’ formed in the lower portion of the piece F. The length ofthe blade M may thus be regulated. The cap, as will be seen by reference to the drawings, is placed on top of the bit. It is held in its proper relations to the edge of the bit and to the throat by means of a set-screw, t, in its upper end, which when screwed down will force the cap up until it meets the pins n, which like the pins a project from the side of the stock, and also fit in recesses formed in the upper plate F’ for their reception. The esp can thus be held firmly in place. Its accurate adjustment to the bit is effected through the medium ofthe lever r, which when moved will cause the lower part F of the cap to slide up or down, as it is required to increase or lessen the distance between its edge and the edge of the bit. As before said, by means of the movable plate C I am enabled to dispense with the use of a cap, unless when the wood is very green and tough; and for this reason, in feet, the cap is made so as to be easily attached to or removed from the plane.

My invention is capable of being modified in many particulars, as shown in fig. 4; for instance, where the movable bed G, unprovided in this case with the various mechanisms which I have just described, is supported and held in place by curved and slotted arms A’ A’, which overlap each other, one attached to the stock, the other to the bed, and both being held together by a set-screw passing through the slots, which, when loosened, allows the pitch of the bed to be adjusted, and when tightened holds the two arms together in my desired position. The bit may be either pressed against the bed by pins a a and levers, as shown in fig. 1, or it may be held in place by a set-screw, or by other suitable means. The defferent mechanisms which I have described may also be varied in memy respects without departing from the principle of my invention.

Having therefore described my invention, and the manner in which it is or may be carried into effect, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with the movable section or plate for adjusting the size of the throat, of a recessed bed and frame formed in the plane-stock in front of the bit, and parallel to the face of the plane, so as to enclose the said section on three sides and form the ways in which it slides for purposes of adjustment, substantially as shown and set forth.

2. The bed for supporting the heel of the bit, formed of lead or other suitable plastic material, as specified, run between the said heel and the back of the throat, so as to form an accurately-fitting and solid bed for bit close to its cutting edge, substantially as herein set forth.

3. The method of and means herein described for adjusting the bit longitudinally, so that it shall project more or less from the face of the plane, that is to say, connecting the bit with an eccentric mounted in the bed of the bit, the eccentric being operated substantially as herein shown and set forth.

4. I claim the mechanism for maintaining the parallelism of the edge of the bit with the face of the plane, the same consisting of the combination, with the bit and bed in which it is supported, of a bar capable of sliding laterally in the bed, as described, and connected with the bit under such an arrangement that it shall cause the edge of the bit to be tilted or inclined toward one side or the other, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of the transverse sliding bar, provided with jaws and projecting arm or spur, as described, with a cam or spiral grooved shaft and actuating lever or equivalent means, substantially as herein shown and set forth.

6. The combination, with the tilting or movable bed and bit which it supports, of the toggle-jointed and reversible lever, and holding-pins in the sides of the stock, substantially as herein shown and described.

7. The combination, with the movable bed and toggle-jointed lever, of an adjustable bearing for the said lever, substantially as set forth and described.

8. I claim the adjustable cap herein described, the some consisting of an upper and a lower plate or section connected by an eccentric rod or disk, whereby the lower section may be adjusted in its proper relation to the cutting edge of the bit, substantially as shown and set forth.

9. I claim the combination, with the movable section for adjusting the size of the throat, of the knob for securing the same under the arrangement herein described, so that the said knob shall not only serve to adjust and hold the said section in place, but shall also be a handle for guiding the movement of the plane, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.

NELSON PALMER.

Witnesses :
HORACE T. COOK,
J. J. SHEPHERD.

No. 55,207 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Georg Müller) (1866)

[paiddownloads id=”117″]55207

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORG MÜLLER, OF NEW YORK, NY., ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND HENRY JOSEPH BANG, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 55,207, dated May 29, 1866.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORG MÜLLER, of the city, county, and State of New York, United States of America, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes 5 and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view of a carpenter’s plane with my invention applied to it. Fig. 2 is a side elevation. Fig. 3 is a vertical section. Fig. 4 is an edge view of the bit-iron; Fig. 5, an edge view of the cap-iron or base of the sliding box; Fig. 6, a view of the sliding box with its slots; Fig. 7, a view of the sliding box in connection with the joint-pin, forked prize-piece or carrier, and set-screws; Fig. 8, an edge view of said prize-fork, and Fig. 9 a plan of same.

This invention relates to a carpenter’s plane in which the plane-iron or bit is so placed in relation to the plane-stock that the cutting-edge of the bit shall be forward of or projected beyond the forward end of the plane-stock, for the purpose of planing into the angles of stationary or framed carpenter-work, whether of square or molded form, and thus enable the carpenter to rent his doors, window-sashes, &c., to their frames with facility and dispatch; and, besides this, the cap-iron is so applied to the bit and to an adjustable or sliding box, which is pivoted in the plane-stock, as to render the plane-irons or cutters capable of the nicest adjustment and stability in relation to the plane-stock by means of a carrier or prize-fork within the said box and its set-screws.

Having described the nature of my invention, I will now explain its construction and mode of operation.

In the drawings, A is the plane-stock; B,the handle, and O the plane»iron or cutting-bit. D is the cap-iron, with its lips or projections d d, for reception of the box E. The box E has slots e e, through which the joint-pin G passes, and contains a forked carrier, F, the said carrier having holes through the arms f f for reception of the joint-pin or pivot G, which passes through the said arms f f, the box E, and the plane-stock A. The carrier is sustained and stopped at its opposite end by set-screws g g h, as shown in Fig. 7. There is also a thumb or clamping screw, I, which passes through the box E, between the forked arms of the carrier F, and abuts against the cap-plate D, for the purpose of bracing the irons G and D against the plane-stock A. The front end of the plane-stock, A’, or that part of it in front of the bit G, which, with the plane-stock A, forms the throat a’, I make of iron, steel, or other metal, of the form shown by the red line a’ a’, if desired. The bit C tapers toward its cutting end, and has a boss, x, on its outer end to aid in adjusting the same.

The operation of my invention is very simple, and is as follows: In the first place, I put the bit C in the throat a of the plane-stock A. I next set the forked prize-piece F within the box E, and insert the set-screws g g and retaining-screw It in the box and carrier. I then screw the clamping-screw I through the box, so as to abut against the cap-plate D. I now set the box on the said cap-plate, between the lips d d, and the box, thus prepared, I place in the throat ct of the plane-stock A, on the bit C, and I pass the joint-pin or pivot G through the iron throat a of the plane-stock, through the box E, and the carrier F.

To adjust the cutting-irons in relation to each other and to the plane-stock in a longitudinal direction will be simply to turn the screws g g, when the cap D will be carried by the box E in the direction of the mouth of the plane; or, by a reverse motion of the screws, the said cap will be carried back from the said mouth because of the carrier F being held by the joint-pin G; and should a transverse adjustment of the irons be necessary, the same can be done by slackening one of the screws g and screwing the other up. Now that the irons are properly adjusted to hold the same firmly in position, I clamp the screw I and the bearing-screw lt, when my improved plane is ready for operation.

It will be seen from the above that in the application of my invention to a plane-stock the box E is made a lever, of which the joint-pin G is the fulcrum, and the power being applied through the clamping-screw I, the pressure is exerted against the cap-plate D and the bit C, in consequence of which the said pressure will be equally distributed on that portion of the surface of the throat of the plane on which the bit C rests, and for which reason the plane-stock at its mouth will not become swollen or crushed down in rear of the bit and below the surface of the face of the plane, as is the case with the plane for which Letters Patent of the United States were granted to me on the 9th of October, 1865, in which the strain or pressure on the bit C, by means of the screw I, is brought to bear on the mouth of the plane-stock, crushing down the mouth of the plane in rear of the bit, thus rendering my previous invention inoperative, and to remedy this defect prompted me to produce my present invention, which I claim to be an improvement on the former.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The sliding box E, with clamping-screw I, and the forked prize-piece F, in combination with the cap-plate D and bit C, together with placing the same in the throat a, or forward end of the plane-stock, substantially as and for the purposes set forth and described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature.

GEORG MÜLLER.

Witnesses :
HENRY J. BANG,
A. NEILL.

No. 104,753 – Improvement In Carpenters Planes (Charles G. Miller) (1870)

[paiddownloads id=”54″]104753

United States Patent Office.

CHARLES G. MILLER, OF BRATTLEBOROUGH, VERMONT.

Letters Patent No. 104,753, dated June 28, 1870.
_________________

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES G. MILLER, of Brattleborough, in the county of Windham and State of Vermont, have invented a new and improved Carpenter’s Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing forming part of this specification.

Figure 1 represents a side view of my improved plane, showing it provided with gauge and rabbeting plane.

Figure 2 ls an end view, partly in section, of the same.

Figure 3 is a side view ofthe same, showing it provided with a grooving-plane.

Figure 4 is an end view of the same.

Figure 5 is s. detail transverse section of the same, on the line x x of fig. 3.

Figure 6 is a side view of the plane, showing it without the rabbeting-gauge.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

My invention relates to a oarpenter’s plane, and consists in certain improved means for making it convertible into a grooving, rabbetlng, or smoothing-plane, as hereinafter specified.

A, in the drawing, represents the stock of my improved plane. It is a narrow plate, cast, or otherwise formed of metal, with a handle, a, at its back end.

An inclined slot is cut in the stock A from the lower edge, the said slot forming the inclined bearing-surface b for the plow or grooving-iron B.

This plow B, which is shown in figs. 3 and 5, has its lower side grooved and fitted over the said inclined edge, as indicated in fig. 5.

The plow is clamped by means of an L-shaped lever, C, which is with one end pivoted by a pin, c, to the stock A, while its other end is formed into a screw, to receive a nut, d.

The upper arm of the lever C passes through. it tubular aperture of the stock, and has the nut d at the upper end.

By turning the nut the lever will be swung upon the plow, clamping the same to the stock. The plow can thus be readily adjusted and removed. This mode of fastening planing-irons is much more convenient than the ordinary wedge now in use.

From the stock A projects a slotted arm, D, horizontally, it being adapted to receive an arm of the horizontal gauge E.

This gauge is made in form of a bar, about as long as the stock A. It is secured to a frame, e, which has the arm f fitting against the slotted arm D of the stock.

A screw, g, clamps the gauge E to the arm f and permits the adjustment of said gauge toward and away from the stock A.

The gauge is held lower than the cutting-edge of the knife, and has for its object to guide the plane along the edge of a board, for grooving or rabbeting purposes.

Another vertical gauge, F, which is, by means of a slotted shank, h, and screw, i, secured to the face of the stock, serves to regulate the depth to which the groove or rabbet is to be cut.

G is a broad planing-knife, secured to an oblique-inclined plate, j, that projects from a horizontal plate, l, of equal width.

On one side the plate l has a projecting flange, m. The parts j l m constitute the detachable stock H ofthe knife G.

This stock can, by means of projecting hooks or screws, n, be secured to the side of the stock A, as in fig. 2, in which case the plow must be removed.

The stock A is slotted, or otherwise provided, to receive the fastening-device of the stock H.

Provided with the knife G and gauge E, the plane is prepared for rabbeting, as in fig. 2. Without the gauge E, it will be a plain smoothing-plane, for all kinds of jobs.

A screw, o, can be used in the frame e, to clamp the gauge E to the plate l of the stock H, as shown.

Having thus described my invention,

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. The stocks A and H, combined with the gauge E, the three being constructed and relatively arranged as and for the purpose described.

2. A detachable stock, H, consisting of inclined plate j and horizontal plate l, flanged at m, all as and for the purpose described.

CHARLES G. MILLER.

Witnesses:
GEO. W. MABEE,
ALEX. F. ROBERTS.

No. 17,921 – Stock For Smoothing Planes (John F.W. Erdmann) (1857)

[paiddownloads id=”49″]17921

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN F. W. ERDMANN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

STOCK FOR SMOOTHING-PLANES.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,921, dated August 4, 1857.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J. F. W. ERDMANN, of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Smoothing-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in certain improvements as hereinafter described in smoothing (or scraping) planes for the use of cabinet makers and others.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention I will proceed to describe its construction and operation, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section; Fig. 2, a side elevation; Fig. 3, an end elevation; Fig. 4, a top view of plane stock;
Fig. 5, side and edge views of plane iron, and Fig. 6, side and edge views of wedge.

The stock (A) is constructed as that of the ordinary smoothing plane with the exception of the mortise for the bit (B) being made with a reversed inclination to that usually given.

The plane rim or bit (B) is constructed as shown with two working ends or four cutting edges which may be used alternately until all require sharpening.

(C) is the wedge which is constructed so that it may be applied either before or behind the bit (B) which is perfectly plain on its sides.

(D) is an elastic strip inserted in the back of the stock at the throat and against which the bit (B) is pressed when secured by the wedge (O).

It will be observed that by the arrangement of the four edged scraping bit (B) in the ordinary smoothing plane stock, an efficient and economical tool is made, which may be constructed to adapt itself to every variety of work, while by constructing the same as described the cutting angle of the bit may be varied by simply shifting the wedge (C) from one to the other side of the said bit, always pressing the said bit firmly against the elastic strip (D), which latter effectually prevents any shaving from entering the throat of the plane back of the iron, and also makes the plane work more easily, and satisfactorily from the fact of making the iron very slightly elastic.

I am aware that an iron similar to mine is known as a scraper and that irons have been adjusted in stock, with mechanisms for changing the cutting (or scraping) angle and do not wish therefore to be understood as claiming such features as my invention, but

Having described the construction of my improved plane what I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-

Placing in the throat of the plane back of the iron, the elastic strip (D) substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 28th day of May, 1857.

JOHN FR. W. ERDMANN.

Witnesses:
D. MAJOR GODWIN,
WM. T. GODWIN.

No. 20,493 – Bench Plane (H. Lee Kendall) (1858)

[paiddownloads id=”75″]20493

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

H. L. KENDALL, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 20,493, dated June 8, 1858.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, H. L. KENDALL, of the city of Baltimore and State of Maryland, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing, forming part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a top view of plane with bit removed. Fig. 2. is a vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on y y. Fig. 4 is a section of plane and mouth piece, perpendicular to the face on of the mouth, taken on line z z.

Similar characters of reference in the several figures denote the same part.

The object of this invention is to furnish a ready mode of compensating for the opening of the mouth of the plane by wear of its under surface. This has been done by the insertion in the front of the mouth of a wedge to be driven downward as the mouth opened. This involved the necessity of cutting, in the front of the mouth, a grip for holding this wedge, an operation which greatly increased the labor of making the plane.

The effect of my invention is to permit the construction of plane mouths in the usual manner and at the same time provide this compensator, whereby the workmanship on the plane will be increased by the manufacture of the compensating piece alone, without the additional labor of preparing a place for its reception, the ordinary grip of the plane being made to perform the double function of securing the bit and compensator.

In the drawing G represents the ordinary grip for holding the bit. This is carried forward with an outward inclination to the inclined front surface a of the mouth in the same manner as is usual in cutting plane mouths. Into this front portion of the mouth is inserted the compensator C. This consists of a piece of hard wood with a plane under surface, and with its upper surface. inclining in opposite directions from near its middle to its extremities, as shown in Fig. 2. Its edges are inclined from its under surface at the same angle as the inclination of the faces of grip G with the surface a, as shown in Fig. 4.

The effect of this construction is to produce a close contact of surface a and lower surface of piece C, by the downward pressure of this piece, it being forced forward upon the outer surface of the grip.

A screw S serves to hold the piece C in position, though it is not absolutely necessary.

The outer face f of piece C is nearly vertical and as the piece is driven down the lower opening of the mouth will be diminished. This face moves parallel to itself and as the piece C is driven downward to compensate for wear of the mouth, the space between the bit and the face f will remain constant. This is an important result not attained by any of the compensating wedges heretofore employed. In adjusting this opening the protruding portion of compensating piece C is cut away so as to make its extremity flush with the under face of the plane.

I am aware that wedges have been inserted in plane mouths for compensating for wear on the under surface of the plane. Such therefore I do not claim. But —

What I do claim is —

The compensating piece C, formed as described, so as to be tightened by the grip and have its face f move parallel to itself as specified whereby the opening in front of the bit is not diminished by adjustment of the compensator.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name before two subscribing witnesses.

H. LEE KENDALL.

Witnesses:
GEO. PATTEN,
JOHN S. HOLLINGSHEAD.

No. 23,678 – Bench Plane Stock (Jackson Gorham) (1859)

[paiddownloads id=”80″]23678

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JACKSON GORHAM, OF BAIRDSTOWN, GEORGIA.

BENCH-PLANE STOCK.

_________________

Specification of Letters Patent No. 23,678, dated April 19, 1859.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACKSON GORHAM, of Bairdstown, in the county of Oglethorpe and State of Georgia, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1, is a longitudinal vertical section of my invention taken in the line x, x, Fig. 2. Fig. 2, is a plan or top view of ditto.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the two figures.

This invention consists in having the stock of the plane formed of wood with metal sides and the front part of the wooden portion made adjustable by means of set screws, so that the “throat” may be enlarged and contracted at pleasure, as the nature of the work may require.

The invention is designed to facilitate the construction of planes and render them more perfect than those of ordinary construction.

To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and construct my invention I will proceed to describe it.

A, represents the plane stock, which is formed of a wooden center a, a’, with a metal strip or plate b, at each side. The back part a’, of the wooden part of the stock is permanently attached to the metal plates b, b, but the front part a, is adjustable, that is to say, it is allowed to slide longitudinally between the plates b, b, and nearer to or farther from the part a’, of the central wooden portion as may be desired, — the part being secured at any desired point by set screws ax, ax.

The throat c, of the plane is formed between the parts a, a’, of the central wooden portion of the plane, the front end of the part a’, being inclined, as shown at d, and the back end of the part a, having a double inclined surface, as shown at e, f. This form of the adjoining ends of the parts a, a’, constitute the throat, and as the part a, is adjustable the throat it may be seen may be enlarged or contracted as desired.

The lower edges of the metal slides b, b, do not quite extend down to the bottom of the wooden portion a, a’, of the stock, and consequently the bottoms of the wooden portion a, a’, constitute the “sole” of the plane. The iron B, is of usual form and is fitted against the end d, of the part a’, and secured thereto by a wooden key or wedge g, which is driven behind flanches h, h, formed on the inner sides of the plates b, b, — the flanches being cast with the plates b, b.

From the above description it will be seen that the plane may be very readily constructed, much more so, than if made entirely of wood in the ordinary way. The throat c, is formed or made without difficulty and its orifice at the cutting edge of the iron B, may be contracted or enlarged as occasion may require. The plates b, b, may be of cast metal, and the central part a, a, may be of beech or other similar wood.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,

Constructing the plane stock of a central wooden portion a, a’, secured between metal side plates b, b, provided with flanches h, h, the part a’, being permanently secured between the plates b, b, and the part a, rendered adjustable between said plates by set screws ax, ax, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

JACKSON GORHAM.

Witnesses:
GEO.W. NEAL,
WM. O. CHENEY, Jun.

No. 23,928 – Improved Bench Plane (William S. Loughborough) (1859)

[paiddownloads id=”82″]23928

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

W. S. LOUGHBOROUGH, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

IMPROVED BENCH-PLANE.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 23,928, dated May 3, 1859.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WM. S. LOUGHBOROUGH, of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Iron Fillister-Plane, the principles of which are applicable, with slight modifications, to panel-plows, match-planes, dados, rabbets, and to bench-planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of its construction and operation, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 is a side elevation. Fig. 2 is a plan of the race. Fig. 3 is a plan of the parallel fence F. Fig. 4 is an elevation ofthe reverse side of Fig. 1 without the handle, and showing the shape and position of the stop P, also of the spur M.

The nature of my invention consists, first, in the construction of an iron stock for fillisters, dados, rabbets, rnatch-planes, and panel-plows; second, in the construction of a parallel fence, F, for fillisters and match-planes; third, in the construction and arrangement of a stop, P, moving diagonally to the line of pressure upon it, the same being applicable to the dado and panchplow; fourth, in the application and arrangement of the spring-cap G, in combination with the screw 2 or any other adjustable or lined fulcrum; fifth, the combination of the adjusting-screw 1 with the bit B and spring-cap C; sixth, the application and arrangement of the spur M.

I construct the plane-stocks, as seen in Figs. 1 and 4, with an arch, N, which connects the face in front of the throat with that in the rear, and at the same time affording a cutting-edge to the bit B the full width of the face of the plane. The projection R governs the position of the bit. The screw 2 passes through the slot of the bit and into this projection, and the adjusting-screw 1 screws through the said projection and against the upper end of the bit B, so that by turning the said adjusting-screw up the edge of the bit is thrown below the face of the plane, causing it to cut a thicker shaving, and vice versa, whereby the operator is enabled to adjust the “cut” of the bit to the rnerest fraction, and in an instant.

The parallel fence F, I construct, as seen in Fig. 3, with the slots D, through which the screws Y pass, running out from the face of the fence at an angle of sixty degrees, more or less, so that when the nuts 4 and 5 are loosened to make changes one measurement only is required, for neither end can move up or back faster than the other when the screws Y are properly tilted to the slots D.

The stop P is made and arranged, as seen in Fig. 4, with the slot for the set-screw K, in this also running up diagonally from its face, so as to prevent any possibility of the downward pressure of the plane when it has worked to the desired depth from forcing the stop up, and thereby allow it to work too deep. It is kept in its proper position by the guide-pin U.

The handle H is cut to lit under the projection R, and the screw 7, Fig. 2, is put through the face of the plane and into the handle, which holds it firmly to its place.

The spur M, Figs. 2 and 4, is made of plate-steel and fitted into a dovetail seat, where it is held by the screw 6, which has a bevel or a countersunk head, one side of which is pressed against the spur when the screw is turned in.

The projections J are to allow the fence to be adjusted to the full width of the face of the plane. The rib X is to strengthen the arch N.

There may be a slip, V, of wood let into the fence F to prevent the edge of the bit from coming in contact with the iron when the bit is being taken out or replaced.

What I claim as my invention is —

1. The combination of the screw 2, (which takes effect in the projection R,) spring or yielding cap C, bit B, and screw 1, for the purpose of varying the cut of the bit, and at the same time and proportionally the space of the throat, the base of the bit B being the fulcrum upon which it swings when said changes are made, the said combination being applicable for the adjustment of the bit in all kinds of planes.

2. The adjustable parallel fence F, constructed with diagonal slots D for the set-screws Y, as and for the purpose specified, said fence being applicable to match-planes, and also the stop P, with the slot running up diagonally from the face, the set-screw K, and the guide-pin U keeping it in position, said stop being applicable to panel-plows and dados.

WM. S. LOUGHBOROUGH.

Witnesses:
CHARLES GILBERT,
RICHARD GILBERT.

No. 23,978 – Hand Plane (Simeon S. Dodge) (1859)

[paiddownloads id=”83″]23978

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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SIMEON S. DODGE, OF SUNAPEE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, AND EDMUND BURKE, OF NEWPORT, NEW HAMPSHIRE.

HAND-PLANE.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 23,978, dated May 10, 1859.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SIMEON S. DODGE, of Sunapee, in the county of Sullivan and State of New Hampshire, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Joiners’ Hand-Planes; and I do declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1, is a prospective view of the plane with the improvements claimed by me. Fig. 2, is a sectional view of the same. Fig. 3, is a plane view of the cutter iron. Fig. 4, is a view of the curved adjustable cop-iron. Fig. 5, is a sectional view of the same. Fig. 6, is a sectional view of the top, or break iron. Fig. 7, is a plane view of the same. Fig. 8, is a sectional view of the adjustable cop iron and the break iron as adjusted for work. Fig. 9, is a view of the bolt and nuts by which the cop iron and break iron are adjusted and confined when in use.

The same letters represent corresponding parts in the various figures.

A, is the stock of the plane.

B, is the cutting iron by which the shaving is removed, and is constructed in its simplest form, as seen in Fig. 3.

C, is the cop, or break iron and is constructed substantially as seen in Figs. 6, and 7.

D, is the curved adjustable cop-iron, and is constructed as seen in Figs. 4: and 5, and is used for the purpose of adjusting the break iron C, and guiding the shaving through the mouth F, of the plane.

E, is a thumb screw which passes through the female screw e, in the break iron C, and serves to keep the latter in place, when properly adjusted for work.

G, represents one of two set screws which pass through the slots g, g, in the adjustable cop iron D, and penetrate the female screws g’, g’, in the break iron C.

H, is a bolt which passes through the stock A, in the groove h in the adjustable cop iron D.

h, is a nut on the side of the stock A, opposite to the head of the bolt H, by which the latter is confined.

In order to adjust the plane for work, the break iron C, is confined to the adjustable cop iron D, by means of the two set screws G, G, (only one of which is shown in the drawings) as seen in Fig. 8. Thus adjusted, the break iron C, and the adjustable cop iron D, are inserted in the mouth F, of the plane, in which they are confined in the right position by means of the bolt H, which passes through the groove h’, and is confined in place by the nut h. The cutter iron B, is then passed into the mouth F, and when properly set for work, is confined lirmly in place by the thumb screw E, which presses upon the upper part of the cutter iron B, bearing the lower edge of the break iron C, firmly down upon the lower portion of the cutter iron B, the bolt H, acting as a fulcrum upon which the break iron C, turns, The cutter iron B, thus adjusted for work, is seen in Fig. 2. By removing the pressure of the thumb screw E, the cutter iron B, may be easily removed, or adjusted for cutting a thicker or thinner shaving, as the work to be done may require.

It is well known that some kinds of timber to be wrought, have nearly an even and regular grain; other kinds have an uneven and irregular grain; and other kinds all knotty and shaky. Some kinds of timber are hard and tenacious; and others are soft and easily wrought. Consequently it becomes necessary that the plane should be adjusted so as to be able to work all kinds of timber with facility and without injury or waste. In working some kinds of timber a thick shaving may be taken off at a single stroke of the plane; and in working other kinds only a very thin shaving can be removed at a single stroke. In order to accommodate the break iron C, to the cutting iron B, so as to enable the latter to accomplish the various work required of it, I have out two slots g, g, in the adjustable cop D, through which the two set screws G, G, above described pass, the latter penetrating the female screws g, g, in the break iron C, as before stated. The slots g, g, permit the set screws G, G, when loosened, to pass freely up and down, thus enabling the operator to so adjust the break iron C, as to cut a thick or thin shaving, as the nature of the work may require, the adjustable cop iron D, being at the same time kept in place by the bolt H.

The advantages of my improvement, are its great simplicity, efficiency, and cheapness. The chip, or wedge, of the plane as ordinarily constructed, is entirely dispensed with. The cutting iron which, in my improved plane, is a plain piece of steel, or iron edged with steel, can be much more cheaply made; and when worn out, or broken, it can be readily removed and another substituted, without the expense of getting a new break iron each time the cutter iron is changed, or substituted. The cutting iron also can be more readily and easily removed from the stock when it requires to be sharpened, and more readily and easily adjusted for its work, than by any other device for the purpose heretofore known until my invention. It is not necessary for the operator to use a hammer about my improved plane. Thus the stock is preserved from the injury which it receives from the blows of the hammer in inserting, adjusting, confining, and removing the cutting iron, in and from it.

Having above fully described my improved hand plane, its construction, and mode of operation, what I have invented and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The curved adjustable cop iron D, constructed and operating substantially as above described.

2. The combination of the adjustable cop iron D, with the bolt H, the set screws G, G, and the thumb screw E, and the break iron C, constructed and operating substantially as above described.

SIMEON S. DODGE.

Witnesses:
F. N. MYRIK,
I. P. OSBORN.