Month: June 2012

No. 744,411 – Spokeshave (Huldege Sarasin) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”592″]744411

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HULDEGE SARASIN, OF AMESBURY, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPOKESHAVE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 744,411, dated November 17, 1903.
Application filed December 4, 1902. Serial No. 133,829. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, HULDEGE SARISIN, of Amesbury, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Spokeshaves, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to spokeshaves, and more particularly to spokeshaves which are especially adapted for use in finishing the bodies of carriages.

In the manufacture of carriage-bodies the panels are often rounded at their edges, and in order that this may be readily accomplished I have found it desirable to set the blade of the spokeshave which is used in rounding these edges obliquely with respect to the face of the shave, so that a wedge-shaped shaving will be removed by the blade, thereby enabling the rounding of the panels to be accomplished much more readily than if the blade were set parallel with the face.

The object of my invention is to provide an adjusting means for the blade of a spoke-shave which will enable the blade to be readily adjusted to exactly the desired position with respect to the face of the shave and then to firmly clamp the same while it is held in this position.

For an understanding of the means which I employ to accomplish this object reference is now made to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a plan view of a spokeshave made according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-section thereof on the line x x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section on the line y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detail view in perspective of the adjusting means for the blade. Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 3 with the blade removed. Fig. 6 is a cross-section on the line z z of Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a detail view showing the connection between the adjusting screw and slide.

The main body or holder a of the shave is of usual form, having a seat a’, on which a blade b rests, said blade fitted between shoulders at each side of the seat. A clamping-wedge c is adapted to loosely engage grooves a2 in said shoulders, and a clamping-screw d is threaded in said clamping-wedge c and is adapted to engage the upper side of the blade, pressing the under side thereof firmly against the seat a’ and pressing the lower end of the clamping-wedge c against the upper side of the blade. The seat a’, against which the blade is pressed, is provided with a transversely-extending groove a3 in the middle thereof, which extends from the work-face a4 of the holder to the opposite side of said seat.

An adjusting-slide e is fitted to slide in said groove as and is bent at right angles at its upper end and has a slot e’ formed therein. An adjusting-screw i is threaded in the holder in the rear of said slide and is provided with a grooved portion i’, which is fitted in said slot e’ of the slide, so that a swivel connection between said screw and slide is provided. An arm or lever f is pivoted at h to the upper side of said slide and is provided with an angular-shaped projection f’, which is adapted to fit tightly in a correspondingly-shaped aperture in the middle of the blade b, said projection being arranged near the lower end of said lever. The particular shape of this projection is not essential, as any similar form of connection which will prevent the blade from swinging on the lever, yet which will enable the blade to be readily removed, will answer the purpose. A handle f2 extends at an angle to said lever over the head of the adjusting-screw i. The combined thickness of the slide e and lever f is no greater than the depth of the slot a8, the projection f’ being the only part of this adjusting means which extends above the face of the seat a’.

The manner of securing the blade to the holder and of adjusting the same is as follows: The slide e is placed in the groove a3, and the grooved portion of the adjusting-screw i is placed in the slot e’, as shown in Figs. 2 and 7. The blade is then placed on the pivoted arm of lever f, so that the projection f’ thereof fits into the aperture through the blade, and the clamping-wedge c and screw d are placed in position and the screw is tightened, so that they press gently against the blade. Then the screw i is adjusted back and forth until the cutting edge of the blade protrudes the desired distance below the face of the shave, and the lever f is then swung in either direction, swinging the blade, so that its cutting edge is either in an oblique position with respect to the face of the holder, as indicated in dotted lines, Fig. 3, or is exactly parallel therewith, as shown in full lines. The screw d is then tightened, clamping the blade in the position to which it was adjusted. If it is desired to change the adjustment of the blade, it is simply necessary to loosen the screw d and swing the lever f or draw the slide e up or down by means of the screw i until the desired adjustment has been secured.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a spokeshave, a holder having a work-face and a blade-seat, a blade resting on said seat, and means for clamping the same thereon, a slide and means for adjusting the same to and from the work-face, and for holding the same against transverse movement, an adjusting-lever pivoted to said slide, engaging means between said blade and lever for holding the blade from swinging movement with relation to the lever, whereby said lever and blade may be simultaneously swung on the same pivot, substantially as described.

2. In a spokeshave, a holder having a work-face, and a blade-seat, a blade resting on said seat and means for clamping the same thereon, a slide and means for adjusting the same to and from the work-face, and for holding the same against transverse movement, an adjusting-lever pivoted to said slide, a projection rigid with said lever and arranged in a correspondingly-shaped aperture with which said blade is provided, and holding the blade from swinging movement with relation to the lever, whereby said blade and lever may be simultaneously swung on the same pivot, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HULDEGE SARASIN.

Witnesses:
LOUIS H. HARRIMAN,
H. B. DAVIS.

No. 740,087 – Scraper (John W. Carleton) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”591″]740087

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN W. CARLETON, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

SCRAPER.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 740,087, dated September 29, 1903.
Application filed September 18, 1902. Serial No. 123,870. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN W. CARLETON, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Scrapers, of which the following is a specification.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated and described herein is in the form of a scraper for use in scraping floors, &c.

The object of the invention is to permit of a wide adjustment of the handle with respect to the blade.

It is clear that the invention is applicable to other uses than to scrapers.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a side view of a scraper. Fig. 2 is a front view of the same. Fig. 3 is a rear view. Fig. 4 is a top view with part of the hand-rest broken away.

Referring to the drawings, A denotes the blade; B, a clamping-head having on one side a threaded pin C, which projects through a hole in the blade and is engaged by the thumb-screw D, which bears on a washer E. The rear of the clamping-head B has the lug F, one side of which is milled, as at f in Figs. 3 and 4. The handle G is provided with a disk H, one face of which is milled to fit the milling on the lug F. The handle is held to the lug by the pin J and the thumb-nut K. On the upper edge of the plate is located a hand-rest M, to which is secured a strap N, which enters a recess in the washer E to prevent the hand-rest from slipping side-wise off the blade. It is readily seen from the drawings that the handle is capable of adjustment in a plane at right angles to the blade by turning it on the pin J and securing it in place by the thumb-nut K, also that it is adjustable in a plane parallel to the blade by turning the handle and the clamping-head B about the axis of the pin C and maintaining it in position by means of the thumb-nut D. Thus I am enabled to so adjust the handle of the scraper that it may be used under any and all conditions — as, for instance, against the base-board when scraping a fioor. I am aware that other devices have been produced for accomplishing this object; but they are expensive to manufacture. They are difficult of adjustment.

The device herein shown and described is very inexpensive to manufacture and can be readily adjusted and used by any one.

I claim as my invention —

In combination with the clamping-head, a lug carried thereby, a pin oppositely disposed on said lug, and a handle adjustably connected to said lug, a blade mounted on said pin, a washer engaging the outer face of said blade, a locking means frictionally engaging the said washer, a hand-rest carried by the blade, and a strap carried by the said hand-rest and engaging a recess in the said washer, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN W. CARLETON.

Witnesses:
J. E. COOPER,
ANNA C. MALMFELDT.

No. 739,014 – Bench-Plane (Clinton E. Lincoln) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”590″]739014

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CLINTON E. LINCOLN, OF KINSTON, NORTH CAROLINA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 739,014, dated September 15, 1903.
Application filed December 17, 1902. Serial No. 135,538. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLINTON E. LINCOLN, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Kinston, in the county of Lenoir and State of North Carolina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in bench-planes, and has for its object a plane which upon its return or idle stroke will automatically lift the cutting-blade sufficiently above the under face of the plane so that the cutting-blade will not scrape along the wood being planed, which, as is well known, dulls the edge of the cutting-blade.

A further object of the in vention is the provision of means whereby the cutting-blade and its supporting mediums may be held in raised position for the purpose of fixedly securing the cutting edge of the blade sufficiently above the under face of the plane in order that the latter may be stored away either in a chest or in a tool-cabinet, thereby preventing any damage being done to the cutting edge of the blade should the plane be in contact with any objects.

Briefly described, the invention may be said to broadly consist of a supporting medium for the cutting-blade, which supporting medium at its one end is suitably pivoted to the plane-stock and at its other end supports the cutting-blade, a handle being arranged on the supporting medium and a spring being interposed between the under side of the supporting medium and the plane-bottom, this spring normally retaining the supporting medium in an elevated position, but possessing sufficient resiliency to enable it to be readily depressed, whereby the cutting edge of the blade may be projected sufficiently within the plane-mouth to enable a shaving to be taken off the object planed when sufficient force or pressure is applied to the handle in order to propel the plane during its cutting-stroke.

With the above and other objects in view my invention further consists in the novel details of construction and combination of parts to be described in the following specification and then set forth in the claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this application, wherein like numerals of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views, Figure 1 is a top plan view of my improvement, showing the handle removed as well as the intermediate mechanism carrying the cutting-blade; and Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the plane embodying my improvements.

The stock of the plane is designated at 1, the bottom of the plane being provided with the usual mouth at 2. At the rear end of the plane and along the sides thereof at opposite points are provided inwardly-extending projections 3, suitably bored and countersunk on their outer sides. Between these projections is received a knuckle 4, which is also suitably bored to register with the bored portions of the projections 3. These registering perforated portions are suitably threaded to receive machine-screws 5, which secure the knuckle with respect to the projections 3 and permit the former to have a free oscillatory movement. This knuckle 4 is the termination of a base-piece 6, which extends transverse to the knuckle and which is materially reduced in width between the knuckle and its forward end 7, the latter being of sufficient width to be readily guided by the sides of the plane-stock. The handle 8 is secured to the rear portion of the base-piece in any approved fashion. This handle and its securing mechanism may be of any of the well-known and common forms in the art.

In order to provide suitable support for the cutting-blade, I secure to the forward end of the base-piece a bracket 8, which consists of a horizontal portion 9, suitably drilled to receive machine-screws 10, which latter pass through drilled and threaded registering portions on the base-piece 6 and which are shown by 11 in Fig. 1. This bracket also embraces a vertical member 12, which at its upper end carries an angularly-disposed integral extension 13 for a purpose shortly to be referred to. The horizontal portion 9 also carries an angular piece 14, whose lower end is adapted to contact with the upper face of the plane-bottom, and thereby limit the downward movement of the base-piece when pressure is applied thereto through the medium of the handle when a forward or cutting stroke of the plane is being carried out. This portion 14 is suitably drilled and threaded and receives in its threaded portion a screw 15, the function of which is well known in the art.

The cutting blade is designated by the numeral 16 and is not of uncommon form, being provided with the usual elongated aperture 17, which is adapted to readily receive the screw 15.

The cap-plate is shown at 18 and is secured to the cutting-blade by means of the screws 19, the cutting-blade having a pivot-point 20, which extends into and is suitably secured to the lever 21, the latter having a screw 22 secured thereto and to the angular extension 13, which permits the lever 21 to rotate about said screw 22 as a point of pivot and through the medium of the pin 20 permits of any necessary lateral adjustment of the cutting-blade.

The clamping-plate is shown at 23 and carries the usual spring-pressed clamping-lever 24, a slot 25 being provided of a slightly elongated nature to readily receive the screw 15.

Under normal conditions, as heretofore stated, the base-piece of the cutting-blade, with its intermediate supporting mechanism, is normally retained in such position as will withhold the edge of the cutting-blade sufficiently above the mouth of the plane for the purpose described, to attain which I provide a flat spring 26, which is suitably secured, as at 27, to the upper side of the plane-bottom and which at its forward end is bowed or arched upwardly, as at 28, and is received within a suitable dug-out portion 29 on the under side of the base-piece 6. This spring is of sufficient strength to readily raise the cutting mechanism from out of the mouth of the plane when pressure is released from the handle.

At the rear end of the plane-body is pivotally mounted, through the medium of a rivet or screw 30, a retaining-lever 31, whose forward end is turned at right angles, as at 32, and is of sufficient thickness to readily enter between the under side of the base-piece and the upper side of the bottom in order that it may thereby support the base-piece and prevent the same from moving in a downward plane should pressure be applied upon the handle or should any object be placed upon the handle or cutting mechanism. This end of the lever will prevent the mechanism from being actuated so as to expose its edge to prevent damage being done to the latter. At its rear end this lever is kicked upwardly, as at 33, and is flattened to provide a thumb-piece 34. A suitable fin 35 is formed integral with the plane-stock and is so positioned as to protect lever 31.

In order to prevent undue upward movement of the cutting-blade and its support, I form integral with the inner sides of the plane-stock lugs 2’, which extend inwardly and are so located as to engage the forward end of the base-piece 6, these lugs being indicated in dotted lines, Fig. 2.

It will be seen that by the use of my improvements during each return or idle stroke of the plane the cutting-bit is automatically raised, so that the latter will not scrape upon the wood or the object being planed, which, as is notoriously old in the art, causes a cutting edge to become rapidly dulled, necessitating frequent whettings, which is obviated entirely by the use of my improvements. Further, I desire to call attention to the fact that by the use of a support for the cutting mechanism of the plane, which upon each stroke of the plane moves in a vertical rotary plane, precludes to a certain extent any clogging of the plane-mouth, which, as is well known, is a frequent occurrence attending the use of any plane, since upon the return or idle stroke of the plane, pressure being released upon the cutting mechanism, the latter will move upwardly and bring the cutting edge out of the mouth of the plane and permit shavings or the like which might have clogged in the mouth of the plane to readily free themselves.

In order to carry into practice the objects of my invention, I have found it necessary to employ certain details of construction which may be readily departed from without affecting the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. A plane embodying cutting mechanism and support therefor the said support being pivoted at its one end and carrying the plane-handle, and means interposed between the support and the plane-bottom for holding the support normally elevated.

2. A plane embodying cutting mechanism and support therefor the support carrying the plane-handle at its rear end, and being pivoted at said end, and means adjacent the free end of the support for holding the support normally elevated.

3. A plane embodying a support pivoted at its rear end to the plane-body, and carrying the plane-handle at said end thereof, cutting mechanism on the free end of the support, a means for normally retaining said support in an elevated position, and means pivoted to the plane adapted to engage between the support and plane-bottom for preventing downward movement of the support.

4. A plane embodying cutting mechanism, a support therefor pivoted to the plane, and supporting the cutting mechanism at its forward end, a handle on the rear end of the support, and a spring interposed between the support and the plane-bottom.

5. A plane embodying a base-piece or support, pivoted to the plane and carrying a handle at its rear end, and means for supporting the cutting-blade at its forward end, and means interposed between said base-piece or support and the plane-bottom for normally retaining the base-piece or support in an elevated position.

6. A plane embodying cutting mechanism and a support therefor movable in relation to the plane, and means pivoted to the plane-body adapted to be engaged between the said support and the bottom of the plane to retain the support in an immovable elevated position.

7. A plane embodying cutting mechanism and a support therefor pivoted to the plane, a spring interposed between the said support and the plane-bottom, and a lever pivoted to the plane-body for securing said support against downward movement.

8. A plane embodying a support pivoted at its rear end to the plane-body, and carrying the plane-handle thereon, cutting mechanism on the free end of the support, projections on the plane to engage and limit the upward movement of the support, and means for normally retaining the support in an elevated position.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

CLINTON E. LINCOLN.

Witnesses:
PLATO COLLINS,
INEZ WORTEN.

No. 738,501 – Plane (Alix W. Stanley And Edmund A. Schade) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”589″]738501

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALIX W. STANLEY AND EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
ASSIGNORS TO STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN,
CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 738,501, dated September 8, 1903.
Application filed February 11, 1903. Serial No. 142,845. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that We, ALIX W. STANLEY and EDMUND A. SCHADE, citizens of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to planes, and particularly to improvements in the construction of that class of planes adapted to be used on curved surfaces, sometimes called “circular planes.” In planes of this character the base or sole is made flexible, so that it may be bent to any desired curve to cause the plane to fit onto a curved surface, either concave or convex. The sole portion of the plane is usually made of sheet metal, such as spring-steel. It is highly desirable in planes of this character that means be provided whereby the adjustment of the sole to the desired curve may be effected accurately and quickly. To that end, therefore, the main object of this invention is to provide simple and effective mechanism for attaining these results.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation illustrative of a specific embodiment of my invention, the sole of the plane being curved to fit to a concave surface. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of detached details of construction.

1 is the main body portion.

2 is the base or sole portion. The sole portion 2 is capable of being curved relatively to the main body portion 1. In the form shown the portion 1 is connected to the middle portion of the sole 2.

3 is the frog, carried by the frame 1 and in turn supporting the plane-iron 4. and the adjustments therefor. It is not necessary to explain in detail the adjustments for the plane-iron, because they are well known and constitute no part of this invention.

5 is a screw-threaded post mounted in a suitable screw-threaded bearing on the forward part of the body 1.

6 is a knob or handle carried by the post 5. When said post is rotated it will move up and down relatively to the body 1.

7 is a telescopic extension of the post 5. The connection between the post 5 and its extension 7 is screw-threaded. The screw-threads on the post which take into the frame 1 are right-hand threads, while the screw-threads on the extension 7 which take into the post are left-hand threads, or vice versa. The post extension 7 is connected to a lever 8 by means of a link 9. The lever 8 is pivotally mounted in the body 1. The link 9 prevents the extension 7 from rotating. The particular screw-threaded adjustment of the post 5 relatively to the frame 1 and the extension 7 relatively to the post 5 produces double the movement of the lower end of the extension 7 that would be produced were the link 7 merely projected into the post 5 without being oppositely screw-threaded. The lever 8 is connected with one end of the sole 2 by means of the link 11. 10 is another lever pivotally mounted in the body 1 and connected to the opposite end of the sole 2 by the link. 12.

15 is a pivot for the lever 8.

16 is a pivot for the lever 10. 13 14 are segmental gears fixed on the pivots 15 16, respectively, so that the movement of one of said levers will be transmitted to the other — for example, the movement of the lever 8 by the aforesaid means will produce a corresponding movement in the lever 10. Hence as the lever 8 is moved upwardly the sole 2 will be curved upwardly. If the lever 8 is moved downwardly, the sole 2 will be curved downwardly, and the position of the levers 8 and 10 and the degree and direction of curvature of the sole 2 are deterininable solely by the handle 6. By means of a suitable indicating device it may be ascertained whether the sole is flat or curved and if curved what degree of curvature exists in the sole. In the particular form shown the indicating device comprises a pointer 17, carried by one of the parts — for example, the body 1 — in such a position as to project into the path of movement of certain graduations carried by another part — for example, the segmental gear 13. Referring to Fig. 1, it will be seen that the pointer 17 projects into a curved slot in the segmental gear 13, adjacent to which curved slot there are certain graduations from zero upward and downward. These graduations indicate degrees of curvature in the sole. When the zero-mark on the graduated scale lies opposite the pointer or line of reading, it indicates that there is no curve in the sole. If any one of the graduations above the zero-mark is brought into line with the pointer, it indicates to the user that the sole is curved upwardly to a certain definite degree. The reverse is true of the graduations below the zero-mark. It might be said that the segmental gear 13 constitutes a movable pointer, which enables the user to accurately set the plane so that the sole will be curved to any desired degree to fit to any particular curved surface, and this adjustment may be accurately and quickly effected without any preliminary trials, such as fitting the plane to the particular curved surface upon which it is desired to operate. When the plane has been set as desired, a set-screw 18 may be operated to clamp the adjusting screw or post 5 and prevent accidental displacement. The set-screw 18 may operate to clamp a split collar on the frame 1, through which the adjusting-post 5 passes.

The subject-matter disclosed and claimed herein is a specific embodiment of the invention broadly claimed in Alix W. Stanley’s application for United States Letters Patent, Serial No. 142,844, filed February 14, 1903.

What is claimed is —

1. A plane for cutting curved surfaces comprising a body portion, a sole portion secured thereto, adjusting-arms pivotally secured to the body portion and connected to the sole portion, segments of gears carried by the pivotal supports, an index or scale carried by one of said segments, and a stationary indicator or pointer carried by the body portion of the plane coacting with the scale or index whereby the degree of curvature of the sole portion may be indicated.

2. A plane comprising a body portion, a flexible sole portion secured thereto, a pair of arms pivoted in said body portion and connected to the ends of the sole portion, an index or scale carried by one of said arms, and a relatively stationary indicating member carried by the body portion of the plane and coacting with the scale or index for indicating the degree of curvature.

3. A plane for cutting curved surfaces comprising a body portion, a sole portion secured thereto, a pair of arms pivoted to the body portion and connected to the sole portion, gear-segments mounted to operate with said arms, one of said segments being slotted and having a scale or index adjacent the slotted portion, and an indicating member carried by the body portion of the plane cooperating with the scale or index for the purpose specified.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 7th day of February, 1903.

ALIX W. STANLEY.
EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
ROBERT N. PECK,
WILLIAM J. WORAM.

No. 738,500 – Plane (Alix W. Stanley) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”588″]738500

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALIX W. STANLEY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN,
CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 738,500, dated September 8, 1903.
Application filed February 11, 1903. Serial No. 142,844. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALIX W. STANLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to planes, and particularly to that class of planes adapted to be used on curved surfaces, sometimes termed “circular planes.” In planes of this character the base or sole portion is so arranged that it maybe made to assume different curvatures to cause the plane to properly fit to surfaces of different degrees of curvature upon which it is desired to operate the tool. These curvatures may be either concaved or convex. In the particular form shown the sole or base is made of flexible material, such as sheet metal or spring-steel. When adjusting the sole to the desired curvature, it is most desirable that said adjustment may be effected accurately and quickly.

To that end, therefore, the object of my invention is to provide simple, effective, and durable means whereby the plane may be so adjusted that exactly the proper curvature will be given to the sole without requiring the user to make any preliminary trials to ascertain whether the plane fits the curved surface on which it is to be used.

Figure 1 is a side elevation illustrative of one particular embodiment of my invention, the sole of the plane being curved to operate on a convex surface. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of the setting and reading mechanism. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the scale.

A is a frame or main body, perfectly rigid.

B is a base or sole, which may be made of any flexible material, preferably spring sheet-steel.

C D are links located at the ends of the sole and in the particular form shown connected with the ends of the frame A.

E is a frog connected with the sole B and supporting the plane-iron F and the adjustments therefor, which latter need not be explained, because they constitute no part of this invention.

H is a post connected with the frog E. In the particular form shown the post H passes up through a portion of the body A, and on the post is mounted a screw-threaded adjusting device J in the form of a thumb-nut. This thumb-nut is rotatable in the body A, but is held against longitudinal movement. Hence when this thumb-nut is rotated the post H is moved up or down to produce a curvature of the sole B.

K is a screw by the rotation of which the thumb-nut J may set at any desired position to lock the adjusted parts against accidental displacement. In the form shown one side of the post H is flattened and upon said flattened surface is a graduated scale L. The graduations may, however, be formed upon the post itself. This scale runs from zero upward and downward, the graduations being proper to indicate to the user the exact curvature of the sole. These graduations are read on the line of the upper surface of the thumb-nut J, since that member is relatively stationary and its upper surface constitutes a convenient indicating-line. The zero-mark when registering with the indicating line means to the user that the sole is flat and not curved either upwardly or downwardly. If the thumb-nut J is so turned as to raise the post H, the graduation thereon adjacent the indicating-line indicates to the user the curvature of the sole. In Fig. 1 the zero-mark will be seen to be above the indicating-line. Hence the sole is curved upwardly, so that the plane may be used on a convex surface. Were the post depressed, so that some graduation above the zero-mark should lie adjacent to the indicating-line, it would show to the user that the sole is curved downwardly. The particular graduation would indicate to him the exact curvature of the sole.

The construction as a whole is simple and reliable and facilitates the accurate and quick adjustment of the sole to any definite curvature without the necessity of making any preliminary trials.

It is apparent that the plane herein specifically shown and described is capable of modification without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Another specific embodiment of this broad invention is shown in a companion application, Serial No. 142,845, filed February 14, 1903.

What is claimed is —

1. A plane for operating on curved surfaces comprising a relatively stationary frame or body portion, a flexible sole portion secured thereto, an adjusting post or screw coacting with the flexible sole portion, and the relatively stationary body portion, a scale or index carried by the adjusting post or screw and a relatively stationary indicating member coacting with the post for the purpose of determining the change of curvature of the sole portion as indicated by the scale, said indicating member having a rotative movement relatively to said body.

2. A tool for planing curved surfaces comprising a relatively stationary body portion, a flexible sole portion carried thereby and movable relatively to the body portion, an adjustable scale-carrying member movable with the sole portion, and a relatively stationary indicating member carried by the body portion cooperating with the scale portion whereby the relative positions of the body and sole portions of the plane may be measured, said scale having graduations running upward and downward from zero.

3. A plane for curved surfaces comprising a body portion, a relatively movable and flexible sole portion pivotally mounted with respect thereto, an adjusting-screw operating in the body portion and cooperating with the sole portion, a scale or index carried by said screw, an adjusting-nut operating on said screw and in conjunction with the body portion, one edge of the adjusting-nut being adapted to act as a pointer or indicating member in conjunction with the scale for determining the relative positions of the body and sole portions.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 7th day of February, 1903.

ALIX W. STANLEY.

Witnesses:
ROBERT N. PECK,
WILLIAM J. WORAM.

No. 737,112 – Plane-Bit (Samuel Jones) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”587″]737112

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL JONES, OF JACKSON, OHIO.

PLANE-BIT.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 737,112, dated August 25, 1903.
Application filed January 9, 1903. Serial No. 138,404. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL JONES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Jackson, in the county of Jackson and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Plane-Bits, of which the following is a specification.

Planes designed for carpenters’ and joiners’ use have the bit for the most part reinforced and strengthened by a cap or stay plate, held thereto by a clamp bolt or screw. When sharpening the bit either by grinding or whetting, it becomes necessary to remove the cap or stay plate, so that the face of the bit may be presented to the grindstone or oil-stone to enable the removal of the wire-edge and the securance of a keen cutting edge. The removal and the proper replacement of the cap-plate are almost always attended with vexation for one reason or another, which it is the purpose of the present invention to overcome. This invention enables the proper sharpening of the bit without necessitating the removal of the cap-plate, which is composed of sections hingedly connected, the lower section being free to be turned back upon the bit out of the way and the upper section being secured to the bit in the usual manner to admit of adjustment of the cap or stay plate as the bit wears away.

The invention consists of a plane-bit having a cap or stay plate hinged thereto, so as to be thrown back out of the way to admit of proper sharpening of the bit.

The invention also consists of a cap or stay plate for plane-bits composed of hinged sections.

The invention further consists of the novel features, which hereinafter will be more fully described, claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a plane-bit embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing the lower section of the cap or stay plate folded back upon the bit. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the bit and cap-plate detached.

Corresponding and like parts are referred to in the following description and indicated in all the views of the drawings by the same reference characters.

The plane-bit 1 may be of any pattern or make adapted for the stock of a carpenter’s or joiner’s plane and is provided with the cap or stay plate 2, secured thereto by the bolt or clamp screw 3. The cap or stay plate is composed of sections 4 and 5, hinged together in any way to admit of the lower section 4 folding back upon the bit out of the way. The stay portion 4 is hinged to the bit 1 through the part 5 and can be turned instantly to occupy either an operative position or be out of the way. The part 5 can be adjusted to admit of shifting the cap or stay plate to compensate for wear of the bit. After the bit has been removed from the plane-stock (not shown) it may be sharpened in the accus-
tomed way by folding the stay-section 4 upon the bit, as shown in Fig. 2, it not being necessary to remove the cap or to loosen the clamp-screw. After the bit has been sharpened the section 4. is turned into a normal position and the bit replaced in the stock in the usual way. This part 4: constitutes, in effect, the reinforcement for the bit and is clamped thereto by the same means employed for securing the bit to the stock or frame.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is —

1. A plane-bit having a reinforcement hingedly connected therewith, substantially as described.

2. A cap-plate or stay for a plane-bit composed of hinged sections, substantially as specified.

3. In combination with a plane-bit, a stay, an attaching-section having the stay hinged thereto, and means for adjustably connecting the attaching-section to the said bit, substantially as set forth.

4. In combination with a plane-bit, a cap-plate composed of hinged sections, and means for adjustably connecting the upper section with the bit, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

SAMUEL JONES. [L. S.]

Witnesses:
W. T. MORGAN,
E. E. EUBANKS.

No. 735,744 – Plane (Charles H. Fox) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”586″]735744

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES H. FOX, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN,
CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 735,744, dated August 11, 1903.
Application filed November 15, 1902. Serial No. 131,485. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. FOX, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, Hartford county, Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in planes, and particularly to a construction for improving the efficiency and general usefulness of the device in its operation.

The object of my invention is to construct a plane for use in matching boards and the like, which may be adjusted to various widths of cutting-irons. The clogging of shavings which are produced when the plane is in use is avoided. It is also possible to use a beading-iron with the same plane-body when desired.

The invention consists in the improvements to be hereinafter described and shown in the accompanying drawings. The invention is particularly applicable to that class called “matching-planes,” in which a cutter is provided to form the edges of boards in order that they may be matched together. The plane is so constructed as to effect the smooth and certain turning aside of the shavings when theplane is cutting. In the form herein shown the tonguing-iron may be replaced by a beading-iron when the proper adjustments have been made.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane embodying the improvements of my invention. Fig. 2 is a projection showing the under side of the plane. Fig. 3 is a front view of the plane, parts being shown in section on the line X X of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detail of a shaving-deflector. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the inside face of the main stock, parts being shown in section. Fig. 6 is a detail of a gage for limiting the cutting depth when a beading cutter or iron, as shown in Fig. 7, is used.

1 is a main stock portion having a handle 10.

2 2 are rods screwed into the stock portion and upon which slides the part 3, which may be conveniently termed a “fence”.

4 is a sliding section which is mounted upon the rods 2 2 and adapted to be moved toward or away from the stock portion 1.

5 is a tonguing-iron adapted to form the edge of a board into a tongue portion. For this purpose it will be seen that the blade is bifurcated at the lower part, as particularly shown in Figs. 2 and 3. This cutting-iron 5 is mounted in grooves between the adjacent faces of the stock 1 and the sliding section 4. The sliding section is caused to move toward the stock portion 1 and to hold the iron 5 securely in place by means of the thumb-nut 40, which operates on the screw-bolt 41, as seen in Figs. 1 and 2. The stock portion 1 is formed at the lower edge of the outer part, as seen particularly in Fig. 3, with a limiting-surface 11. Similarly the sliding section 4 is provided with a limiting-surface 42, which is, however, oppositely positioned. The fence 3 is provided with a guide-surface 31, which is convenient for use with the plane when it is used as a beading-plane, as will hereinafter be described in connection with the details shown in Figs. 6 and 7.

When the plane is being used to cut with the tonguing-iron 5 in position, the shavings which are cut will be deflected upward by means of the construction which I have provided. The shaving which is formed by the outer right-hand portion of the blade of the tonguing-iron will be deflected inwardly and upwardly by means of the deflector 6, one form of the construction of which is shown in detail in Fig. 4. The shaving as it is being taken is moved forwardly and is caught by the concaved inner surface 60 of the deflector, and thus thrown inwardly to the inside edge of the stock portion 1 and upwardly. This will be seen particularly in Fig. 5. The other shaving, taken by the left-hand portion of the blade 5, will be deflected backward and upward by means of the upper surface of the blade 5 and the concaved upper surface of the sliding section 4 and pass out freely through the curved open space 43. This deflector 6 is situated beyond the outer guide-surface 11 of the stock portion 1 and in this form is mounted in the lug 12. For this purpose the deflector is provided with the shank 61, which may be tightly gripped by means of the thumb-nut 62. The surface of the deflector at 63 is made to coincide approximately with the outer guide-surface of the stock 1 at the point of attachment. At 64 the deflector is formed to coincide with the outer edge of the cutting-blade. The dimensions are such, preferably, that there is but little opportunity for shavings to pass outward from the cutting edge at any other point than that prepared by means of the convexedly-curved surface 60.

It is obvious that some of the same advantages would be had if the deflector 6 were made integral with the stock portion 1. By reason of its being separable therefrom, however, it is possible to employ cutting-irons of various widths with the same main plane structure, using a larger or smaller deflector, as required. There is also another advantage inherent in this structure by reason of the deflector being thus separable from the other parts. By means of this I am able to make this plane interchangeable as a matching-plane which will form a tongue and to use it also as a beading-plane.

Fig. 7 shows the beading-iron 7, which is employed for cutting beads. This beading-iron 7 may be fitted into the guide-slots in the main stock portion and the sliding section 4 adjusted to hold it there by means of the adjusting-screw 40. At such a time the two guiding-surfaces 11 and 42 are in line with the edges of the beading-iron 7, and there is no necessity for the deflector 6. In its place isinserted the gage 8, (shown in Fig. 6,) which has the shank portion 81, adapted to fit in the lug 12 and be engaged by the thumb-nut 62. The edge 82 of this gage is adjusted opposite the outer guide-surface 11 of the stock portion 1, while the lower surface of the gage provides a limiting or guide portion, by means of which the depth of the bead can be made as desired.

The fence 3 may be adjusted upon the rods 2 2 at any suitable distance from the cutting-blade to provide a guide by means of which the cutting edge may be operated at the proper distance from the edge of the board.

It will thus be seen that this construction herein shown and described is adapted to be used efficiently as a matching or tonguing plane and that the shavings caused by the operation of the plane will not clog it or in any other way interfere with its operation.

The plane, moreover, may be used as a beading-plane, thus combining the functions of both and enabling a person to perform both operations with one plane by the simple interchange of parts, which may be readily adjusted to suit different sizes of iron and the addition of which is of but slight expense.

What I claim is —

1. In a plane, the combination of a handle member and a relatively movable member, a plane-iron clamped between the same and protruding beyond the outer surface of the handle member, and means situated on the outer surface of said handle member for deflecting shavings consisting of a body portion having a curved deflecting-surface, a surface fitting close to the plane-handle member and a surface fitting close to the protruding edge of the plane-iron.

2. In a plane the combination of a handle member and a relatively movable member, a plane-iron clamped between the same and protruding beyond the outer surface of the handle part, and a shaving-deflector removably carried by said handle portion, consisting of a body portion and a shank portion said shank fitting into a recess in said handle member.

3. A tonguing-plane having a stock or handle portion, a pair of guide-bars carried thereby, a sliding section mounted on said guide-bars, a cutting-iron secured between the adjacent surfaces of said stock portion and said sliding section, said stock portion having a guiding-surface on the outer side, said cutting-iron projecting a considerable distance outside of said surface, and means for deflecting shavings upward and backward from the cutting edge of said iron.

4. A tonguing-plane including a handle member, guide-rods carried by said member, a member slidably mounted upon said rods and adapted to move relatively to said handle member, a tonguing-iron carried between the said members, a shaving-defiector consisting of a body portion and a shank removably carried by the said handle member and a thumb-screw for securing the shank in a recess in said handle member.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 13th day of November, 1902.

CHAS. H. FOX.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 729,725 – Guide For Planes (James W. Brady) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”585″]729725

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES W. BRADY, OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.

GUIDE FOR PLANES.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 729,725, dated June 2, 1903.
Application filed June 23, 1902. Serial No. 112,775. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES W. BRADY, a citizen of the United States, residing at South Bend, in the county of St. Joseph and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Guides for Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in that class of planes used in beveling the edges of lumber; and its object is to provide an adjustable guide capable of a lateral rectilinear movement and a rotary movement independent of such rectilinear movement, whereby an angular as well as a lateral adjustment is accomplished.

In beveling each side of a piece of timber it is often necessary to alternately change from one bevel to another, and I provide devices which may be previously set to give the required angular adjustment when the guide is reversed from one angle to the other to accurately bevel each edge of the board.

With these objects in view the invention consists in the novel construction of parts and their arrangement and aggroupment in operative combination.

I have fully illustrated the invention in the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the plane and guide. Fig. 2 is an end elevation showing the guide adjusted for beveling the edges of a board downward from its finished face. Fig. 3 is an enlarged end view of the guide. Fig. 4 is a section on the line x x of Fig. 3.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates the plane-stock, from one side of which projects the threaded shafts 2, secured in place near the bottom in any suitable manner, but preferably screwed and held by jam-nuts 3, as shown. The guide 4 is suspended from these threaded shafts by means of downward and inwardly curved arms 5, having integral sleeves 6, which are mounted on the rods and capable of being moved back and forth thereon to provide a lateral rectilinear movement for the guide, which when adjusted to the desired position may be held by the jam-nuts 7, screwing on the shaft at each end of the sleeve. The guide-plate 4 is provided with a plurality of transverse ears 9, having a pivotal connection at their centers with the arms 5, said ears also having concentric slots 10, in which are mounted adjustable pins 11, having binding-nuts 12 fitted on their projecting ends, adapted to engage the arm 5 and limit the rotary movement of the ear when the guide-plate is augularly adjusted to plane a beveled edge on the board. The central apertures in the ears are engaged by the threaded shank of a thumb-nut 13, which is let into an aperture in the end of the arm 5, said thumb-nut having a flanged base 14: to provide a broad binding-surface on the arm.

By mounting the guide adjustably on a shaft projecting from the side of the plane-stock a horizontal rectilinear movement is provided for the guide, so that when the angular adjustment is effected by means of the thumb-nut 13 the guide-plate maybe brought in under the face of the plane to the desired distance to form a bevel on work in which the side of the board opposite the guide is provided with a cleat or other obstruction for the plane-face. Such an application of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 2, wherein a portion of a panel of a carriage-body 15, having a cleat 16, is shown, the bevel extending from the inner corner of the cleat 16. I When a double bevel is to be formed on the edge of a board, the pins 11 may be adjusted to the required distance on each side of the arm 5, so that the angular adjustment for each bevel may be alternately changed without resetting the pins, as they form stops for the guide-plate by contacting with the arm 5. One of these angular adjustments is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is —

1. The combination with a plane-stock, of a rotary guide, a support for said guide, adjustable devices carried by the guide and adapted to engage opposite sides of the support to limit the rotary movements of the guide.

2. The combination of a plane-stock having a laterally-extended shaft, a sleeve adjustable on the shaft and provided with an arm, a guide revolubly mounted on the arm, and adjustable devices carried by the guide to regulate the rotary movements of the same.

3. In a device of the class described, the combination with the plane-stock having screw-shafts projecting laterally therefrom, sleeves slidable on said shaft, jam-nuts to hold the sleeves, arms depending from the sleeves, a guide-plate having ears pivotally connected to said arms, slots in the ears, and adjustable stops in the slots on each side of the arm, whereby two angular adjustments may be made without changing the position of the stops.

4. In a device of the class described, the combination with the plane-stock having shafts projecting laterally therefrom, of a plane-guide horizontally adjustable on said shafts and consisting of arms and a guide-plate having ears pivoted to said arms, and means carried by the ears on each side of the arms to limit the rotary movement of the guide-plate when angularly adjusted.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES W. BRADY.

Witnesses:
GEORGE OLTSCH,
MAGGIE OLTSCH.

No. 729,020 – Block-Plane (John P. Vance) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”584″]729020

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN P. VANCE, OF DAYTON, OHIO.

BLOCK-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 729,020, dated May 26, 1903.
Application filed February 20, 1903. Serial No. 144,229. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. VANCE, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Block-Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in block-planes and possesses the novel features hereinafter described and claimed.

Preceding a detail description of the invention reference is made to the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top plan view of my improved block-plane. Fig. 2 is a side elevation. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal mid-sectional elevation. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional elevation.

In the specification similar reference letters indicate corresponding parts.

The metallic base or frame consists of the following structural parts: A is the base, from which rises two sides B B, that are joined by transverse ribs D and G. The former rib lies immediately in front of the opening E, through which the cutting edge of the blade J projects, and the rib G forms a support for said blade in the rear part of the frame and whereby the said blade is supported in a proper inclined plane. This inclined plane is a very essential feature of the invention, and to be more specific in describing it it is stated that the angle thereof is approximately not more than twelve degrees. With the cutting-blade held rigidly in such position by the means hereinafter described the work of the plane is rendered comparatively easy and effective.

C designates an integral projection rising from the front portion of the base A and upon which the index-finger of the operator rests.

F is a projection formed integral with the base and projecting beyond the rear end of the base. The object of this projection is to provide a suitable surface to be struck by a hammer or other implement in detaching the blade.

The sides B of the frame are provided on their outer surfaces with suitable grooves A”, which enable a suitable grip of the fingers in operating the plane.

That portion of the base A immediately in the rear of the blade-opening A is provided with a tapering surface A’ of a proper inclination to enable the blade to lie thereon at the angle hereinbefore specified.

H designates a round bar extending between the middle parts of the two sides B B and being rigidly secured in said sides, the position of such bar being substantially as indicated in the drawings.

I designates a combined grip and wedge block, preferably constructed of wood and having a specially-formed slot in the front portion thereof, which extends and terminates rearwardly on an angle, substantially as shown. In a more specific description of this feature K’ designates the beginning or forward end of this slot, which, it will be observed, commences in an upright manner from the lower or straight surface of the block and gradually curving and extending in an upward and rearward inclination K. This slot extends through the block from one side to the other and receives the cross-bar H. By means of said slot the wedge-block may be rigidly forced in contact with the upper surface of the cutting-blade by pressing said block forwardly after said slot enters the bar H. The lower surface of said block, it will be observed, is made flat to snugly fit against the blade. When the block is forced by the hand of the operator to the position shown in the drawings, Figs. 2 and 3, the cutting-blade J is very firmly held against the transverse rib G. The act of operating the plane will tend constantly to increase this wedge-like contact between said block and the blade, as it will be seen that the pressure exerted by the hand upon the block in operating the plane is in a forward direction or a direction to force the cross-bar H farther up and into the slot.

Having described my invention, I claim —

In a block-plane, a frame having upright sides with intervening cross-ribs one of which supports the blade, a cross-bar between the upper portions of said upright sides and rigidly connected thereto, in combination with a combined wedge and grip block having a slot therein adapted to receive said cross-bar, said slot extending from the lower face of said combined grip and wedge block in a vertical direction and terminating in a rearward and upward inclination, whereby the pressure exerted upon said block in the operations of the plane will tend to increase the rigidity of contact between said block and the blade, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN P. VANCE.

Witnesses:
A. J. FIORINI,
CAROLYN M. THEOBALD.

No. 721,771 – Plane (Jefferson Allen) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”583″]721771

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JEFFERSON ALLEN, OF KENNEBUNK PORT, MAINE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 721,771, dated March 3, 1903.
Application filed April 11, 1902. Serial No. 102,366. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JEFFERSON ALLEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Kennebunk Port, in the county of York and State of Maine, have invented an Improvement in Planes, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like figures on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention has for its object the production of a novel plane in which the cutting edge of the plane-iron is situated some distance below the sole of the stock, whereby the plane may operate upon portions of the surface to be planed which are below the level of the higher portions thereof.

My improved plane is especially useful in such operations as smoothing up the boards of a floor.

In laying a floor it frequently happens that the surfaces of adjacent boards at their meeting edges are not in exactly the same horizontal plane, one board projecting slightly above the other to form a shoulder, and it also sometimes happens that owing to the slightly-warped conditions of the boards the meeting edges thereof may be situated at a slightly-lower level than the surface at the center of the board. Under such circumstances it is impossible to use the ordinary plane to smooth up the meeting edges of the boards, because the sole of the plane by resting upon the higher portions of the boards either side of the meeting -edges of adjacent boards lifts the cutting edge of the plane out of contact with the said meeting edges on which it is desired to operate. Accordingly heretofore the joints between adjacent floor-boards have usually been finished by hand by means of a scraper, a tedious and slow operation. This operation can be accomplished with my improved plane, for since the cutting edge is situated some distance below the sole of the plane the joints between the boards may be operated upon even though the boards are warped slightly.

My improvement consists in providing the plane, of whatever description, with a gage-rib which extends across the sole thereof adjacent the mouth through which the cutting edge of the plane-iron projects. Preferably this gage-rib will be constructed to be detachably secured to the plane, so that the plane can be used with or without it, as desired.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view thereof. Fig. 3 is a section on the line x x, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow, and Fig. 4 is a detail to be hereinafter referred to.

My improvement is of such a character that it may be applied to any type of plane, and in the drawings 3 designates the stock of one common type of plane, and 4 is the plane-iron. These parts may be of any usual construction.

Extending across the sole of the plane and adjacent the mouth 5, through which the cutting edge of the plane-iron projects, and preferably in front of the said mouth, is a gage-rib 6, upon which the plane is adapted to rest.

The cutting edge of the plane-iron will be adjusted so that its cutting edge is sufficiently below the gage-rib to perform the cutting or planing operation, and when in use the gage-rib serves to lift or carry the sole 7 of the plane above the surface being operated upon, which surface is designated by the dotted line in Fig. 1.

By turning the plane at an angle to the direction of movement thereof during the planing operation the width of the shaving cut from the surface may be regulated, and since the sole of the plane is above the level of the surface being operated upon it is possible to plane or smooth the depressed portions in the surface and also to smooth up the joint between adjacent boards even though the boards may be warped more or less.

In order that my invention may be applied to different planes, I prefer to detachably secure the rib 6 to the stock of the plane, so that the rib may be removed and the plane used in an ordinary way, if desired. Accordingly I have herein illustrated said rib as being formed integral with a nose-piece 8, which is detachably secured to the front end of the plane, whereby said nose-plate and rib may be removed whenever it is desired to use the plane in the ordinary way. Any suitable or appropriate means may be employed to detachably secure said nose-piece to the stock, and for convenience I have herein illustrated said nose-piece as being provided with a screw-threaded stem 9, which projects through an aperture in the stock and on which a clamping-nut 10 in the form of a handle or knob may be screwed.

I will preferably provide the nose-piece with the positioning-rib 11, which is received in a suitable groove in the stock. I will preferably furnish each plane with a second nose-piece 8′, which is similar to the nose-piece 8 except that it has no rib 6 thereon, said second nose-piece being of a thickness so that when in position its lower surface is in the plane of the stock 7. By using either of the nose-pieces the plane may be used either as an ordinary plane or may be provided with my improvements, as desired. I will also preferably provide the heel of the plane with a detachable half round or semispherical projection 13 to form a sort of rocking support for the plane when my improvements are applied thereto. This rocking support provides means whereby the plane may be regulated slightly to better accommodate it to uneven surfaces. This projection 13 may be detachably secured to the stock in any suitable way, and I have herein shown the same as provided with a screw-threaded stem passing through the stock and on which a clamping-nut 14 is screwed. If desired, however, the nose-piece 8 and the rocking support 13 may be secured in position by screws passing through the same and into the stock.

My invention would also include a plane in which the rib (5 were made integral with the stock instead of upon a separate nose-piece which may be detachably secured thereto. In such a construction, however, the plane could not be converted into an ordinary plane.

Believing that I am the first to provide a plane having the gage-rib extending transversely across the sole thereof, I desire to claim the same broadly and would consider as coming within my invention any plane having this feature however the said rib may be secured to the stock.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, a stock having a rib extending transversely of the sole adjacent the cutting edge of the plane-iron.

2. In a plane, a stock having a rib detachably secured to and extending transversely of the sole adjacent the cutting edge of the plane-iron.

3. In a plane, a stock, a plane-iron, a nose-piece detachably secured to the front of said stock, said nose-piece having a gage-rib extending below the plane of the sole of the stock.

4. In a plane, a stock having a gage-rib extending transversely of the sole thereof and adjacent the mouth.

5. In a plane, a stock having a gage-rib extending transversely across the sole adjacent the mouth and a rounding projection extending from the sole of the plane at the back end thereof.

6. In a plane, a stock, a nose-piece detachably secured thereto, said nose-piece having a gage-rib extending across the sole of the stock, and a rounding projection secured to the sole of the stock at the back end thereof.

7. A plane having a gage-rib projecting from the sole thereof adjacent the mouth and serving to raise the sole of the plane above the cutting edge of the iron.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JEFFERSON ALLEN.

Witnesses:
D. W. DEEDLER,
O. L. WELLS.

No. 721,017 – Carpenter’s Plane (Albert E. Church) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”582″]721017

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ALBERT E. CHURCH, OF WEST HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 721,017, dated February 17, 1903.
Application filed June 26, 1902. Serial No. 113,228. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT E. CHURCH, of West Hartford, Hartford county, Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes, which improvements are described in the following specification and are illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates in general to wood-working-planes made of metal, and in particular to the stock or body of such planes.

It is the object of the invention to facilitate the construction of such stock or body by the manufacturer, and incidentally to render the action of the plane lively and elastic in the hand of the user. To accomplish these results, I form not only the sole of the stock, but also two side walls or flanges rising from the edges of the sole and two intermediate bridges extending across from one of said flanges to the other, all from a single sheet of metal, and upon such transverse bridges I seat the knob and the handle of the plane.

The best manner in which I have contemplated applying the principles of my invention is shown in said drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section of a plane which is constructed in accordance with those principles. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a stock-blank, being a flat sheet of metal, preferably cold-rolled steel, stamped out in suitable shape to be formed into the stock of said plane by bending. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the plane-stock, including the frog-seat, in position.

In the views the sole of the stock and the side walls or flanges of the same are indicated, respectively, by the numerals 1 and 2. The wings 3 and 3 of the blank (shown in Fig. 2) make a terminal abutment with each other when the blank is bent into shape, and thus constitute bridge 3, which is shown in the remaining figures. In like manner the wings 4 of the blank become the bridge 4 of the stock. Bridge 3 serves as a slightly-yielding and resilient support for the knob 5, which is fastened thereto by means of a screw 6 and nut 7, and in like manner bridge 4 constitutes a similar seat for the handle 8, which is secured thereto by the screws 9 and 10 and the screw-plate 11. The frog-seat 12 is firmly secured to the stock in its proper position by pins 13 and dowel 14 and reaches from one flange 2 to the other, as shown in Fig. 3. Neither the frog 15, which is adjustably secured to seat 12 by screws 16, nor the plane-iron 17, the plane-iron cap 18, and the cap 19, all which are exhibited in a familiar form in Fig. 1, require any particular description, as their special form does not affect the essence of my invention.

The described construction of the stock from a single flexible sheet is simple and easy in respect of the process of manufacture, and the described mounting of the knob and the handle of the plane upon raised bridges of the stock renders the manipulation of the tool smooth and easy to the hand of the carpenter.

Such being the construction and operation of my improved carpenters’ planes, I claim as my invention —

l. In a plane-stock, a sole, and two flanges bent up respectively from the side edges of the sole, in combination with a transverse bridge, from one of said flanges to the other, all formed from a single piece of sheet metal, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. A plane-stock, formed of a single sheet of metal, and consisting of a sole, two flanges bent up respectively from the opposite edges of the sole, and two bridges from one of said flanges to the other, in combination with a knob and a handle which are mounted upon said bridges respectively, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. In a plane-stock, a thin sole, and two thin flanges bent up respectively from the side edges of the sole, in combination with a bridge from one of said flanges to the other, all formed from a continuous piece of sheet metal, and provided with a knob or handle which is mounted upon said bridge, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. A plane-stock, formed from a single sheet of metal, stamped out, and consisting of a flat sole, two flanges bent up respectively from opposite edges of such sole, and two bridges between said flanges, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my name in the presence of two witnesses.

ALBERT E. CHURCH.

Witnesses:
WILLARD EDDY,
JAMES MATHER.

No. 719,062 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”581″]719062

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 719,062, dated January 27, 1903.
Application filed October 29, 1902. Serial No. 129,227. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to planes, and particularly to plane-handles.

The object of this invention is to provide a detachable handle which is adjustable and which may be applied to a plane at the side thereof in any desired position, so that when the plane is used upon its side the operator may have a convenient and effective means to hold the plane and apply to it power suficient to cause it to operate efficiently and in the intended manner. Heretofore in using a plane in this manner with the edge of the knife placed vertically it has been not only extremely awkward for the operator, but very difficult to keep the plane in the proper position to get true and effective work. Frequently the thing to be planed is of such shape or is so located that it cannot be placed upright to permit the plane to be used in the ordinary way with the fixed handle upright, and it is because on occasions it is necessary to use the plane on its side that a detachable side handle is found to be a feature of great convenience and utility. Inasmuch as planes vary substantially in size, I have devised a simple and effective mechanism the purpose of which is to render the handle adjustable, so that it may be attached to planes within a wide range of sizes.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane with the detachable handle applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the plane-stock and detachable handle as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a view of the inside of the detachable handle.

A represents the stock of an iron plane. B is a handle permanently attached to the rear end thereof.

C is a front knob or handle, also usually permanently attached to the stock A.

In ordinary use the operator grasps the two handles B C.

The other details of the plane proper, such as the knife and the adjusting devices, it is unnecessary to describe in detail herein, because they constitute no part of this invention.

D is the body of a detachable handle, preferably in the form of a shell, since it provides a strong and light construction.

E is a lip on one side of the body D, the same being by preference of sufficient length to give a long flat bearing. Obviously the number of these lips E is immaterial. Two short lips spaced apart would give the same results. The lip E will for convenience of expression be termed herein the “flat” lip. F’ is a hooked lip at the opposite side of the body D, the said hook facing the flat lip E.

Ordinarily the stock A of a metal plane is provided with cheek-pieces, one on each side, and these cheek-pieces are generally shaped as shown in Fig. 1, in which they incline upwardly from each end to a high point or crown.

In attaching the haudle-body D the flat lip E is placed against the bottom of the plane-stock, and the handle is then pushed forward toward the highest part of the cheek-piece until the hooked lip F’ engages with it and may be wedged thereon, the hook F’ overstanding the upper edge of the cheek-piece and securing the handle in place on the side of the plane. The operator may then use the plane with one or both hands. In case one hand is used the palm is placed against the rear side of the body D and the fingers are placed over the top of the plane, giving a secure grip. The position of the plane will then be on its side, and the same may be pushed along the side or edge of the thing to be planed and the work done with ease and accuracy. In case the operator desires to use two hands he may grasp the solid handle B with one hand and the detachable handle D with the other, the latter taking the place of the knob-handle C. When the work is completed, the handle D may be easily removed by sliding the same backward and freeing the hook F’ from the cheek-piece of the stock.

Inasmuch as planes vary substantially in size, I have provided a simple and effective means whereby a single detachable handle may be used upon any plane within a wide range of sizes. As will be seen from the drawings, the book F’ is provided with a shank portion F2 in its preferred form, the end of which is bent or offset and through which end passes an adjusting-screw G.

D’ D’ are guide-flanges upon the body D, which are undercut to receive the shank F2, which is preferably dovetaiied, so as to be held between the flanges D’ D’. The fit of the shank F2 in said flanges D’ D’ is sufficiently free to permit said shank to slide longitudinally. Hence by turning the adjusting-screw G the shank F2 may be moved in the guide-flanges D’ D’ and the position of the hook F’ varied relatively to the flat lip E. For convenience of adjustment one end of the adjusting-screw may have a screw-driver slot, while the other end may be provided with a head G’ to prevent the screw from moving longitudinally. In the form shown inasmuch as the screw cannot move longitudinally the rotation of the screw will transmit longitudinal movement to the offset portion of the shank F2 and a corresponding movement in the lip F’, as described. While the handle D may be jammed into engagement with the cheek-piece of the plane-stock A, it may be still further tightened by turning up the screw G after it has been jammed as tightly as possible by sliding the handle forward. Another advantage of this construction resides in the fact that by shifting the hook F’ the operative position of the handle D may be varied on a plane of any given size. For example, the hook F’ may be drawn so near to the lip E that the handle D will stand well toward the rear end of the plane, or the hook F’ may be moved so far away from the lip E that the handle D will lie closely adjacent to the highest part of the cheek-piece and well forward on the side of the plane.

Obviously the construction herein shown may be modified in a variety of ways, such as will be apparent to the mechanic skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of this invention.

What I claim is —

1. A side handle for a plane comprising, a body portion and means projecting from said body for detachably and adjustably engaging the same at the side of a plane-stock.

2. A side handle for a plane comprising, a body portion and adjustable means for frictionally and detachably engaging the same with the cheek-piece of the plane-stock.

3. A side handle for a plane comprising, a body portion D, a flat lip on one side, and an adjustable lip on the opposite side, said lips being adapted to engage with the plane-stock.

4. A side handle for a plane, comprising, a body portion, lips on opposite sides thereof, one of said lips being adjustable and one of said lips being hooked.

Signed at New Britain, Connecticut, this 24th day of October, 1902.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. A. BLAKELY.

No. 719,051 – Plane (Walter L. Scott) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”580″]719051

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WALTER L. SCOTT, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 719,051, dated January 27, 1903.
Application filed October 21, 1902. Serial No. 128,125. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER L. SCOTT, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to improvements in planes, and particularly to plane-handles.

The object of this invention is to provide a detachable handle which may be applied to a plane at the side thereof, so that when the plane is used upon its side the operator may have a convenient and effective means to hold the plane and apply to it power sufficient to cause it to operate efficiently in the intended manner. Heretofore in using tools of this character with the edge of the knife placed vertically it has been not only extremely awkward for the operator, but very difficult, to keep the plane in the proper position to get true and effective work. Frequently the thing to be planed is of such a shape or is so located that it cannot be placed upright to permit the plane to be used in the ordinary way, with the hired handle upright, and it is because on occasions it is necessary to use the plane on its side that I have found my improved detachable handle to be a feature of great convenience and utility.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane with the detachable handle applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a plan view. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the plane-stock and detachable handle, as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a view of the inside of the detachable handle.

A represents the stock of an iron plane. B is a handle permanently attached to the rear end thereof.

C is a front knob or handle, also usually permanently attached to the stock A. In ordinary use the operator grasps the two handles B C, The other details of the plane proper, such as the knife and the adjusting devices, it is unnecessary to describe in detail herein, because they constitute no part of this invention.

D is the body of a detachable handle, preferably in the form of a shell, since it provides a strong and light construction.

E is a lip on one side of the body D, the same being by preference of sufficient length to give a long flat bearing. Obviously the number of these lips E is immaterial. Two short lips spaced apart would give the same result. The lip E will for convenience of expression be termed herein the “fiat” lip. F is a hooked lip at the opposite side of the body D, the hook facing the flat lip E. Ordinarily the stock A of a metal plane is provided with cheek-pieces, one on each side, and these cheek-pieces are generally shaped as shown in Fig. 1, in which they incline upwardly from each end to a high point or crown.

In attaching the handle-body D the flat lip E is placed against the bottom of the plane-stock, and the handle is then pushed forward toward the highest part of the cheek-piece until the hooked lip F engages with it and may be wedged thereon, the hook of the lip F overstanding the upper edge of the cheek-piece and securing the handle in place on the side of the plane. The operator may then use the plane with one or both hands.

In case one hand is used the palm is placed against the rear side of the body D and the fingers are placed over the top of the plane, giving a secure grip. The position of the plane will then be on its side and the same may be pushed along the side or edge of the thing to be planed and the work done with ease and accuracy. In case the operator desires to use two hands he may grasp the solid handle B with one hand and the detachable handle D with the other, the latter taking the place of the knob-handle C. When the work is completed, the handle D may be easily removed by sliding the same backward and freeing the hook F from the cheek-piece of the stock.

Obviously the particular shape of the handle and its particular construction may be varied and modified in such ways as will suggest themselves to the mechanic skilled in the art without departure from the spirit and scope of this invention.

What I claim is —

1. A side handle for a plane comprising a body portion and means projecting from said body for detachably engaging the same at the side of a plane-stock.

2. A side handle for a plane comprising a body portion and means for frictionally engaging the same with the cheek-piece of the plane-stock.

3. A side handle for a plane comprising a body portion D, a flat lip on one side, and a lip on the opposite side said lips adapted to engage with the plane-stock.

4. A side handle for a plane comprising a body portion D, a flat lip at one edge thereof, and a hooked lip at the opposite edge thereof.

5. A side handle for a plane comprising a body portion, a lip on one edge thereof, a lip on the other side thereof, one of said lips being hooked.

Signed at San Francisco, California, this 10th day of October, 1902.

WALTER L. SCOTT.

Witnesses:
GEORGE PATTISON,
J. W. WRIGHT.

No. 718,981 – Plane (Lucas C. Clark) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”579″]718981

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LUCAS C. CLARK, OF SOUTHINGTON, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 718,981, dated January 27, 1903.
Application filed October 1, 1901. Serial No. 77,188. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LUCAS C. CLARK, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Southington, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements Applicable to Planes, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying draivings, wherein —

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a plane embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a side sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of part of the plane with my invention applied thereto. Fig. 3 is a detail view on the line x x of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 4 is a detail view on the line y y of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 5 is a view of the structure shown in Fig. 3 with the parts separated. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the block shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a view of a plane in side elevation with a modified form of my invention. Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation, on an enlarged scale, of a part of the plane embodied in my invention. Fig. 9 is a detail view of a member shown in Figs. 7 and 8.

The object of the improvement is the production of a device for adjusting the cutting-blade of the plane, which has features of novelty and advantage.

Referring to the drawings, 1 denotes the plane-body; 2, the handle. 3 is what is known as the “frog,” at the blade, 4a the cap-plate, and 5 the clamp, these parts being arranged substantially as they are in an ordinary plane. 6 is the lever for controlling the lateral adjustment of the blade. All of these parts are of the ordinary construction, and no novelty is claimed for them.

On the upper end of the frog 3 is cast the lug 7, slotted, as at 8, having a cap or filling piece 9, adapted to be held in place in the slot by the screw 10. When this cap or filing piece is in place, a hole is left through the lug 7. A screw 11, adapted to fit in the hole through the lug 7, has at one end a head 12, which bears on one side of the lug, and a collar 13, which bears on the opposite side of the lug, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. This screw is held in place in the lug by the cap or filling piece 9 and a screw 10. Beyond the collar is a screw- threaded portion which passes through the block 14, which is threaded to correspond with the threads on the screw. This block 14 has at its upper end a projecting lug 15, which is adapted to enter the aperture in the cap-plate 4a and is capable of movement lengthwise along the screw 11 in a slot 16 in the frog 3. The upper surface of the head of the screw is notched, as at 17, and a lever 18 has a lug 19, adapted to fit the notches in the head of the screw, and is mounted on the pin 20 and normally held against the head of the screw by a spring 21.

It is evident that any rotary movement of the lever 18 when intermeshed with the head of the screw will turn the screw 11, and so move the block 14 along the screw in either direction, depending upon the direction of movement of the lever. Because of this connection of this block with the blade such a movement of the block as above noted will carry the blade up or down. In the constructlon shown in the drawings the block moves the cutting-blade through the medium of the cap-plate. The block might intermesh directly with the cutting-blade, but preferably it does that through the medium of the cap-plate. If considerable adjustment of the blade is necessary in order to make it cut properly, the lever 18 may be turned as far as possible in the desired direction and then lifted, so that the lug 19 is disengaged from the slot 17 in the head of the screw 11. This will permit of the lever being moved in the opposite direction without moving the screw, and the operation may be repeated as much as desired until the proper adjustment is obtained. The blade-adjusting lever may be made to move the blade in either direction, and also it may itself be moved in either direction without moving the blade. Whenever the proper adjustment of the cutting-blade is approximately secured the lever 18 may be moved to the positions shown in Figs. 1 and 2 by simply disengaging the lug 19 from the slots 17 and moving it back to that position where it lies conveniently close to the handle of the plane, so that if a slight adjustment of the blade is desired at any time it may be effected by moving the lever in the desired direction by the finger or thumb and finger without moving the hand from the handle.

It is well known that heretofore the adjustment of the blade up and down has been accomplished by a lever, one end of which engages the blade and the other end of which is bifurcated and straddles a screw, which is turned by a thumb-nut. This well-known mechanism has decided disadvantages. For instance, the size of the head of the screw must be small, because of the small space allowed for it, and the pitch of the thread of the screw is such that it is very ditiicult to turn the screw with such a small head. Again, there is enough backlash in the old construction to cause considerable difficulty in obtaining an accurate adjustment of the adjusting device and cutting-blade. By the use of the lever in my device I have what is equivalent, in the plane illustrated in the drawings, of a four-inch wheel, with which to turn my adjusting-screw. This permits me to use a screw of such a pitch that the backlash is practically nothing. Another decided advantage which my arrangement has over the well-known screw is that the blade may be adjusted vertically without removing the hand from the handle, and a slight adjustment may be obtained by simply moving the lever by the thumb or finger in the desired direction. In the ordinary adjustment, which has been referred to above, it is necessary to remove the hand entirely from the handle in order to operate the screw, such an arrangement being not nearly as advantageous as mine.

In Figs. 7, 3, and 9 I have shown a modification in which the block 14 is not threaded, the screw 11 being threaded intoa lug 22 on the frog. The operation ot the device is substantially the same as that shown in the first six figures, with the exception that here the screw moves, while in the perferred form the screw is stationary as far as lengthwise movement is concerned.

I claim as my improvement —

1. In a plane, the combination with the cutting-blade, of a frog provided on its rear face with an apertured lug, an adjusting-screw mounted in the aperture of the said lug, a transversely-arranged screw in the said lug for securing the said adjusting-screw in position, a blade-adjusting block extending to the rear of the frog and in engagement with the said screw and secured at its forward end to the said blade, and means for rotating the said screw.

2. In a plane, the combination with the cutting-blade, of a frog rigidly secured in the plane and provided in its upper portion with a longitudinally-arranged slot, a lug formed integral with the said frog, said lug having a longitudinal slot, the rear side of which is open, an apertured block arranged in the said longitudinal slot, a screw extending through the openings in the said lug and block and means for rotating the said screw.

3. In a plane, the combination with the blade, of a frog having its upper end reduced in thickness and provided with an elongated slot therein, a lug formed integral with the said frog and provided with a longitudinal aperture extending inward from the rear side of the lug, a block slidably mounted in the slot of the frog, and having its inner end secured to the blade, an adjusting-screw mounted in the said lug and being in screw-threaded engagement with the said block, a transversely-arranged screw secured in the said lug, and a cap on the said screw, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. In a plane, the combination with the blade, of a frog provided in its upper end with an elongated slot, a block slidably mounted in the said slot and having its inner end secured to the blade, a lug formed integral with the said frog and provided with a longitudinal slot, an adjusting-screw having its lower end in screw-threaded engagement with the said block, and its upper end arranged in the aperture of the said lug, a head formed integral with the said screw and bearing on the lower face of the said lug, a collar formed integral with the screw and bearing on the upper face of the said lug, and means for adjusting the said screw.

5. In a plane the combination of a cutting-blade, an adjusting-screw provided with a notched head, means carried by said screw and engaging the blade, whereby the rotation ofthe screw adjusts the blade longitudinally, and a lever rotatably mounted on said screw and extending radially therefrom, said lever being free to tilt thereon to engage and disengage therewith to rotate it, substantially as described.

6. In a plane, the combination of a cutting-blade, an adjusting-screw provided with a notched head, means carried by said screw and engaging the blade whereby the rotation of the screw adjusts the screw longitudinally, a lever rotatably mounted on said screw and extending radially therefrom, and being free to tilt thereon to engage and disengage therewith to rotate it, and a spring to normally hold the lever in engagement with the screw.

7. In a plane the combination of the cutting-blade, the adjusting-screw having a notched head, means actuated by the said screw for adjusting the said blade, an adjusting-lever mounted on said screw and adapted to engage or be disengaged from the notched head of the said screw, said lever being adapted and located to be operated by the hand of the operator grasping the handle of the plane, and a spring to normally hold the lever in engagement with the said screw.

LUCAS C. CLARK.

Witnesses:
W. E SIMONDS,
D. C. KREIMENDAHL.

No. 718,679 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”578″]718679

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 718,679, dated January 20, 1903.
Application filed August 16, 1902. Serial No. 119,845. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the class of planes, especially those used for forming grooves and tongues to match; and one of the principal objects thereof is to provide in a single structure means for forming a groove and means for forming a corresponding tongue, thereby accomplishing the same result as is usually attained by the use of a pair of match-planes.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a duplex plane made in accordance with my present improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan view, partly in section, of the plane. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section taken on line x x of Fig. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 4 is a perspective, taken partly in section, of the middle portion of the plane-stock; and Fig. 5 is a cross-section taken on the line y y of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrow.

In the several views similar parts are designated by similar characters of reference.

The stock 1 of the plane is of extra width, so as to accomrnodate two cutting-irons 2 and 3, the former being formed for cutting a tongue upon the edge of a board and the latter being formed for cutting a groove to match said tongue. These cutting- knives are set reversely one to the other upon upwardly and rearwardly inclined beds 4 and 5, which are integral with the stock, and the latter is provided upon one side with a throat or mouth 6 for the cutting-iron 2 and upon the other side with a throat 7 for the cutting-iron 3. The stock is also formed with a sole 8 to match the tongue-cutter 2 and a sole 9 to match the groove-cutter 3, said soles being separated by a guiding-flange 10, depending from the stock. It will be observed each of the throats 6 and 7 is open at its outer side, thereby affording clearance in use and also facilitating the construction of the plane, and that each throat is formed opposite the body portion 1a of the other sole. At the front of each throat is formed an upwardly and forwardly extending integral apron 11, and these aprons are joined to a high rib 12, integral with the stock and rising therefrom between the cutting-irons 2 and 3. Said rib extends at each end beyond the throats, whereby the stock is effectually stiffened, thereby adapting the plane, although of light construction, to meet all the requirements of the art. It will be seen also that each of the inclined beds 4 and 5 is joined at its inner side to the rib 12, thereby giving an extra stiffness to the rib and stock, and, further, that each of the throats is surrounded on three sides by a continuous integral rib or box-like structure, which minimizes the liability of chattering of the plane. It will also be seen, as at Fig. 4, that the rib 12 preferably forms a substantial continuation of the pendent guiding-flange 10. The stock is provided at its ends with handles 13 and 14, arranged one reversely to the other, so that either may be used in connection with its associated cutting-iron and so that, if desired, the operator may use both hands in holding the plane, which is often a great convenience. Preferably each handle is in line longitudinally of the stock with its associated cutting-iron, as illustrated at Figs. 2, 3, and 5, although they may be otherwise arranged within the scope of my improvements. The illustrated construction affords ample clearance for the hand of the operator. The cutting-irons may be held upon their beds or sides by clamping irons or bows 15 and 16, each of which may be provided upon its inner side with an ear 17, which is attached by a screw 18 to the vertical side of the stiffening-rib 12, said ear 17 being formed between the ends of the clamping-iron, and the latter having at its upper end a clamping-screw 19, threaded into the clamping-iron and bearing against the cutting-iron, so that by driving said screw pressure is brought upon the cutting-iron both near the cutting-point thereof and also at the upper portion thereof, thereby obtaining steadiness ofthe cutting-iron in operation.

It will be observed that one of the principal features of the stock illustrated relates to the combination between that portion of the stock which carries one of the cutters with the other portion of the stock which carries the other of the cutters. It will be seen that owing to the provision of two diverse soles, with corresponding cutters, a broader and stiffer stock is formed than would be required for a single cutter. It will also be noted that since the two soles are built or formed upon a single member the central vertical rib 12, which constitutes a truss or stiffening member for the stock, constitutes such stiffening member in respect of each of the two soles or planing devices which are comprised in the complete implement. Furthermore, the same double construction and double utility obtains with respect to the guiding-flange 10, which depends from the stock.

A further important advantage obtained by the described construction pertains to the manner in which the plane-body is strengthened at the points where the mouths are located. Since these months are each open on one side, each sole, considered by itself, is correspondingly weakened; but by reversing the arrangement of the cutters not only is the single guide-plate 10 brought into proper position for use with both of the cutters, but the two mouths are also located at different points in the length of the stock, so as not to come adjacent one to the other. This organization brings a solid or uncut portion of one side of the stock adjacent to the plane-mouth that is formed in the other side of the stock, considering the stock as a whole. Thus at points 1a in Fig. 2 portions of the soles constitute lateral reinforcing-ribs which join the main vertical member or web 10 12 of the stock, and so reinforce the same and produce a very rigid construction even when the stock is made so thin as to produce a plane of relative light weight. In Figs. 3 and 5 these two portions of the stock are clearly illustrated and indicate the exceptional advantages obtained in an implement of this general class by combining a pair of planes into a single structure. It will further be perceived that the finishing of the bottom of the plane, including all of the surfaces of the soles and of the gage-plate or filange 10, may be accomplished at one milling operation. Moreover, the increased strength obtained by the invention greatly facilitates the milling operation, since the casting has great rigidity, notwithstanding the open plane-mouths. Thus the plane is inexpensive to produce, as well as having advantages for the user. By combining the two planes into one implement a much less total weight is required for the complete outfit than in the case of two separate implements usually furnished for this class of work. The advantage is obtained of additional strength due to the presence in whichever of the two planing devices may be for the moment employed of the stability and rigidity due to the reinforcement thereof by the companion part not then in direct use.

It is convenient to have a plane with two handles, since it may by this means be more reliably guided in the hands of the workman. The reversed mounting of the two handles is a convenience for this purpose.

It will be observed that the plane is duplex in that it has two cutting-irons, that the single stock is provided with two independent soles each having a cutting-iron, that the cutting-irons are independently attachable and diverse or formed for making different cuts one from the other, that said irons are mounted at different points in the stock — that is, so that their cutting points or portions do not coincide one with the other — that the guiding flange or plate 10 is between the cutting edges of the irons 2 and 3 and extends substantially the entire length of the sole to stiffen the same and is provided upon both sides with guiding-surfaces, as at 10a and 10b, that the rib 12 is disposed between the cutting-irons 2 and 3, forms a substantial continuation of the guiding-flange 10, is integral with the stock 1, and extends at each end beyond the months or throats 6 and 7, and that the aprons 11 form angular continuations of said rib.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of my invention, and portions of my improvements may be used without others in various kinds of planes.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A duplex plane having a single cast-metal stock which is provided with two diverse plane-irons, one thereof at each side of the stock, and an integral guiding-flange projecting below the sole of the stock and between said cutting-irons; said stock being in the form of a thin flat plate at right angles to said flange, so that a cross-section of the sole and flange resembles a T.

2. A duplex plane having a single cast-metal stock which is provided with two diverse plane-irons, one thereof at each side of the stock, and an integral guiding-flange projecting below the sole of the stock and between said cutting-irons, said flange extend-ing substantially the entire length of the sole, to stiffen the same; said stock being in the forrn of a thin flat plate at right angles to said flange, so that a cross-section of the sole and flange resembles a T.

3. A duplex plane having a single cast-metal stock which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons, one at each side of the stock, and one reverse to the other, and an integral guiding-flange projecting below the sole of the stock and between said cutting-irons, said stock consisting of a thin fiat plate, and having throats at widely-separated points in its length.

4. A duplex plane having a single cast-metal stock which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons, one at each side of the stock, said stock consisting of a thin sole and an integral guiding-flange projecting below the sole and between said cutting-irons; an integral trussing-rib also rising from the stock and extending longitudinally thereof.

5. A duplex plane having a single cast-metal stock which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons, one at each side of the stock, said stock consisting of a thin sole and an integral guiding-flange projecting below the sole, and also having an integral guiding-rib which rises from the stock and extends longitudinally thereof, and forms a substantial continuation of said guiding-flange, said flange and rib being between said cutting-irons.

6. A duplex plane having a stock of cast metal upon which are formed two diverse soles, cutting-irons to match said soles, and an integral stiffening-rib rising from said stock between said irons.

7. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons one mounted reversely to the other, and a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said plane-irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock.

8. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons mounted one reverse to the other at different points along said stock, a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock, and an integral guiding-flange depending from the sole of the stock.

9. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons one reverse to the other and mounted at different points along said stock, a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said cutting-irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock, and an integral guiding-flange depending from the sole of the stock; each of said throats being open at its outer side.

10. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons one reverse to the other and mounted at diderent points along said stock, a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock, and an integral apron rising from the stock at the front of each throat, said aprons forming angular continuations of said rib.

11. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons one reverse to the other and mounted at different points along said stock, a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock, an integral apron rising from the stock at the front of each throat, said aprons forming angular continuations of said rib, and an integral guiding-flange depending from the sole of the stock and extending substantially the entire length thereof, and forming a substantial continuation of said rib.

12. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons one reverse to the other and mounted at different points along said stock, a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock, and a bed-plate extending backward and upward from each throat, said bed-plates being integral with the stock and being joined to said rib at their inner sides.

13. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons one reverse to the other and mounted at different points along said stock, a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock, a bed-plate extending backward and upward from each throat, said bed-plates being integral with the stock and being joined to said rib at their inner sides, and an integral guiding-flange depending from the sole between said plane-irons.

14. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons, one reverse to the other and mounted at different points along said stock, a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock, a bed-plate extending backward and upward from each throat, said bed-plates being integral with the stock and being joined to said rib at their inner sides, and an integral apron rising from the stock at the front of each throat, said aprons forming angular continuations of said rib.

15. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons one reverse to the other and mounted at different points along said stock, a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock, a bed-plate extending backward and upward from each throat, said bed-plates being integral with the stock and being joined to said rib at their inner sides, an integral apron rising from the stock at the front of each throat, said aprons forming angular continuations of said rib, and an integral guiding-flange depending from the sole of the stock between said irons and extending for substantially the entire length of the sole and forming a substantial continuation of said rib.

16. A duplex plane having a stock of cast metal which is provided with diverse cutting-irons and corresponding soles, the throat in each sole being opposite to the body of the other sole.

17. A duplex plane having a stock of cast metal which is provided with diverse cutting-irons and corresponding soles, the throat in each sole being opposite to the body of the other sole, and continuous integral rib portions rising from the sole between the plane-irons and extending along the front and back and inner side of each throat.

18. A duplex plane having a stock of cast metal which is provided with diverse cutting-irons and corresponding soles, the throat in each sole being opposite to the body of the other sole, and continuous integral rib portions rising from the sole between the plane-irons and extending along the front and back and inner side of each throat, said throats being open at their outer sides.

19. A plane having a cast-metal stock which is provided with a cutting-iron, and also having an integral rib rising from the stock and extending longitudinally thereof, beyond the throat of the stock, said throat being open on the side opposite said rib, an integral part projecting laterally from said rib and a clamping-iron having a bearing upon said projecting part.

20. A duplex plane having a stock of cast metal upon which are formed two diverse soles, cutting-irons to match said soles, an integral stiffening-rib rising from said stock between said irons, and clamping-irons having bearings on said rib.

21. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons, a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said plane-irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock, clamping-irons having ears whereby they are pivoted to said rib, and clamping-screws for said clamping-irons.

22. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons mounted one reversely to the other, a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said plane-irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock, clamping-irons having between their ends ears which have bearings upon said rib, and clamping-screws at the upper ends of said clamping-irons.

23. A duplex plane having a single stock of cast metal which is provided with two diverse cutting-irons mounted one reversely to the other, a rib integral with said stock and rising therefrom between said plane-irons and extending at each end beyond the throats in the stock, clamping-irons having between their ends ears which have hearings upon said rib, clamping-screws at the upper ends of said clamping-irons, and an integral guiding-rib depending from the sole of the stock.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
EBEN STRONG,
FRANK L. TRAUT.

No. 717,883 – Hand Gaining Tool (Robert P. Mathews) (1903)

[paiddownloads id=”577″]717883

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ROBERT P. MATHEWS, OF HARVARD, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF TWO-THIRDS
TO MARTIN A. STAFFORD AND HARRY E. STAFFORD, OF HARVARD, ILLINOIS.

HAND GAINING-TOOL.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 717,883, dated January 6, 1903.
Application filed April 7, 1902. Serial No. 101,835. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT P. MATHEWS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Harvard, in the county of McHenry and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hand Gaining-Tools; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and enact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to hand gaining-tools, the object in view being to provide a manually-operated implement adapted to cut a groove of any desired depth in lumber either in a rectilinear or curvilinear path. Incidental to the primary object of the invention the aim of the invention is to so form the cutting-bit as to locate the advance cutters and following chisel in close relation to each other, at the same time doing away entirely with any material or projection in advance of the cutters, in rear of the chisel, and between the cutters and chisel, thus enabling the tool to be advanced and to form a groove either in a straight, curved, or tortuous path.

Another object of the invention is to provide the bit of the implement with a clearance-throat the edge of which is beveled on one side, so as to discharge the shavings or cuttings laterally. In connection with the gaining-tool depth and side or lateral gages are employed, the same being made adjustable to give a wide range.

With the above and other objects in view, the nature of which will more fully appear as the description proceeds, the invention consists in the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts,as hereinafter, fully described, illustrated, and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a hand gaining implement constructed in accordance with the present invention, showing the work in dotted lines. Fig. 2 is a detail perspective view of the bit, guide-post, and a portion of the shank. Fig. 3 is a vertical section through that portion of the bit which carries the cutters.

Like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

The hand gaining-tool contemplated in this invention comprises, essentially, a handle 1, from which extends a shank 2, which terminates in a C-shaped bit 3. The bit, which is illustrated in detail in Fig. 2, is shown to comprise a vertical or pendent arm 4, which travels in advance of the rest ot the tool and is provided at its lower edge with downwardly-projecting cutters 5, arranged at a distance apart equal to the width of the groove to be formed in the stock. In order to provide for the proper clearance, the lower portion of the arm 4 is thickened or expanded, as indicated in Fig. 3, the outer surfaces of the cutters 5 being in line with the opposite surfaces of the arm 4, while the inner sides of the cutters are beveled to diverge downwardly, as shown. A horizontal arm 6 is connected with the body of the bit and the shank 2 by means of a curved portion 7, and said arm terminates in a chisel-shaped cutting-point 8, which is located in close proximity to the cutters 5, so as to follow directly thereafter and remove the material between the cuts formed by the cutters 5. The horizontal arm 6 is, like the vertical arm 4, widest at the bottom, so as to give the proper clearance and facilitate the operation of the tool. A large opening or throat 9 intervenes between the arms 4 and 6 of the bit to allow the shavings or cuttings to rise, and the edge of said opening is beveled or chamfered at one side, as shown at 10, for the purpose of discharging the shavings or cuttings laterally as it is advanced along the work. Extending upward from the bit is an upright guide-post 11, provided at the top with a laterally-projecting guide-lug 12, which is received in the slot 13 of the shank 14: of a depth-gage 15. This gage is adjustable up and down on the guide-post 11 and vertical arm 4 and is held at any desired adjustment by means of a set-screw 16, the shank of which passes through the slot 13 of the depth-gage and enters a threaded opening 17 in the guide-post. By adjusting the gage 15 any desired depth of cut may be obtained, the tool being operated until the gage 15 moves in contact with the adjacent surface of the work.

At one side the cutting bit or shank is provided with an L-shaped lug 18, which, together with the shank or bit, is provided with a lateral opening, through which passes a stem 19 of a side gage 20, having a plane lower edge 21 and rounded or beveled lower corners 22 to facilitate the movement of said gage through a groove previously formed by the gaining-tool. The stem 19 is adjustable through the opening in the lug 18 and may be held fixedly at any point of adjustment by means of a binding-screw 23, threaded through the upper portion of the lug 18 and adapted to be brought to bear against the stem 19. By means of the side gage and its adjustment the distance between adjacent grooves may be readily gaged.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that no material is left in advance of the cutters 5, nor in rear of the chisel 8, nor between the cutters and chisel, while at the same time the cutters and chisel are located in close relation to each other, which adapts the tool to be advanced in acurved or tortuous path as well as in a rectilinear path, thereby adding to the practical value and utility of the device. The depth and side gages are both easily adjustable, and thereby the depth of cut and the distance between the adjacent groove may be readily and accurately determined.

The hand gaining-tool hereinabove described may be made in various sizes for cutting grooves of different depth and width, and other changes may be made in the form, proportion, and minor details of construction without departing from the principle of the present invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is —

1. A hand gaining-tool comprising a shank terminating in abit of approximately C form, one arm of the bit being about at a right angle to the shank to occupy a perpendicular position when the said shank is horizontally arranged and terminating in spaced cutters, and the other arm curving away from, thence about parallel with the said shank toward the spaced cutters and terminating in a chisel-edge, substantially as described.

2. A hand gaining-tool comprising a shank terminating in a bit of approximately C form, one arm of the bit being about at a right angle to the shank to occupy a perpendicular position when the said shank is horizontally arranged and terminating in spaced cutters, and the other arm curving away from, thence about parallel with the said shank toward the spaced cutters and terminating in a chisel-edge, and a depth-gage adjustable on the vertical arm of the bit and in a direction at a right angle to the length of the aforesaid shank, substantially as specified.

3. In a hand gaining-tool, a shank, an arm and guide at the outer end of the shank extended in opposite directions therefrom about at a right angle, the arm terminatingin spaced cutters, a second arm curved away from, thence about parallel with the shank toward the said spaced cutters and terminating in a chisel-edge, and a depth-gage adjustable on the said guide, substantially as set forth.

4. A hand gaining-tool comprising a handle, a cutting-bit connected therewith and embodying a chisel-point and oppositely-arranged cutters located in advance of the chisel-point, a guide-post extending upward from the bit, and a depth-gage adjustably mounted on said guide-post, substantially as described.

5. A hand gaining-tool comprising a handle, a cutting-bit connected therewith, a guide-post extending upwardly from the bit and provided at its upper end with a laterally-projecting guide-lug, and a depth-gage provided with a slotted shank embracing the guide-lug, and a set-screw passing through the slotted shank into the guide-post at a distance from the guide-lug, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT P. MATHEWS. [L. S.]

Witnesses:
EUGENE SAUNDERS,
M. J. EMERSON.

No. 716,386 – Plane (Maschil D. Converse) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”576″]716386

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

MASCHIL D. CONVERSE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO
JOHN J. TOWER, OF MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 716,386, dated December 23, 1902.
Application filed October 29, 1901. Serial No. 80,470. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MASCHIL D. CONVERSE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in planes, and more particularly to means for securing and adjusting the irons thereof; and the objects of my invention are to improve the efficiency of such and to simplify the construction and reduce the cost of manufacture.

My invention is comprised in certain novel mechanisms, construction, arrangement, and combinations of parts hereinafter fully set forth and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional elevation of a plane, of a type commonly known as “iron corrugated-bottom” planes, showing my invention incor-porated. Fig. 2 is a plan view of important parts of my invention, compassing the principal means for accomplishing vertical adjustment of the plane-iron. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the plane-iron and lateral-adjustment mechanism. Fig. 4 is a cross-section on line x x of Fig. 1; and Figs. 5 and 6 are views, partly sectional, illustratrating modilied constructions of my invention, all showing construction, application, and operation of my invention, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth in detail.

My invention may be applied to all types of planes, although I have shown it as applied to iron planes, as hereinbefore stated.

Planes have been made with mechanisms for vertical adjustment of the irons comprising bell-crank members and transverse grooves in the plane-irons to be engaged thereby pivoted to the body. Others have been made with mechanisms for vertical adjustment of the irons comprising bell-crank members and transverse slots in the plane-irons to be engaged thereby and pivoted to the body above the fulcrum-screw, and still others have been made with mechanisms for vertical adjustment of the irons comprising bell-crank members pivoted through the longitudinal slot of the plane-iron to a bed-piece at points above the fulcrum-screw and in engagement with notches in the cap-plate. Planes of such construction are expensive of manufacture, involving careful and accurate dimensioning of the throat and finishing of the ways and channels by difficult and tedious machining. In my present invention I overcome these disadvantages by novel arrangement and form of parts, dispensing entirely with the notches in the cap-plate and with the transverse grooves or slots in the plane-irons, rendering it wholly unnecessary to perform any expensive machining or fitting to compass a proper and accurate adjustment and holding of the plane-irons, all of which will be clearly seen and understood by those skilled in the art from the descriptions following.

Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures.

A is the body of the plane, B a knob attached to the front portion thereof, and C the handle proper attached to the rearward portion.

D is a post and saddle-rest, which in case of iron-body planes is preferably cast integral centrally thereof. The apex of this post l prefer to make A-shaped, (distinctly shown at a, particularly in Fig. 4,) and the face thereof sloped to correspond with the incline b at its forward and broadened base c, the latter forming pivotal points and a rest for the extreme lower end of a vertical-adjustment lever d, which is pivoted thereto by a screw e. Upon the flattened upper surface of the pivoted end of the lever d rests the lower end of a flat saddle-plate f, which lower end is slotted longitudinally and recessed or countersunk on the upper side at g to receive the said pivot-screw e, which also serves to hold it in place, though admitting of a vertical sliding movement. Adjacent to the upper end of this saddle on the nether side a projection i is cast or formed, and a V-shaped groove h is formed therein to rest in slidable engagement with the sloping A-shaped apex a of the post D, which also serves to retain the same against lateral movement, a condition necessary for the carrying out of part of my invention. At a point centrally thereof and between the V-grooved projection i and above the slot g and pivot e is another opening in the saddle at j, the narrower lowermost end of which is recessed or countersunk on the under side at k to receive the head of the fulcrum screw or stud l when the same is slipped under the laterally-overhanging edges thereof. This fulcrum screw or stud l is secured in a clamping-plate m from its under side, (and I prefer to use a screw for convenience of adjustment.) In the upper end of the clamp-plate is a gnarled-head cramp-screw n, the rounded end of which engages a depression o of a lateral-adjustment lever p, serving as a pivot therefor. The vertical-adjustment lever d is provided at its upper end with a button q for operating. Midway of the ends and laterally of the slot g in the saddle f there is a hole r (see Fig. 2) for reception of a stud s, (freely fitting it, see same figure,) which stud is fixed (preferably rigidly) upon or in the vertical-adjustment lever d at a like position laterally relatively the axis thereof and pivot-screw e. This stud s and the hole r are located on a transverse line at right angles to the longitudinal vertical centers of the lever d and sliding saddle f, respectively, directly opposite the center of the pivot-screw e and sufficiently distant therefrom that it may not bind by describing an arc of too small a radius when the lever is operated.

For convenience and so that post D and projection i may not interfere therewith the lever d is open or divided at u and joined again above at the button q.

T is the plane iron or bit, which has a slot t longitudinally its center to admit of passage of the head and shank of the fulcrum-screw l therethrough.

In the modifications shown by Figs. 5 and 6 the principles of my invention hold, these modifications being such as render my invention applicable to what are known as “block-planes.” In the case of Fig. 5 the cramp-screw n5 is inverted and screw~socketed within and on the under side of the shell-like extension of the clamp-plate m5. The gnarled head of the screw being enlarged somewhat is accessible from the lateral sides, while in the case of Fig. 6 instead of a cramp-screw a projecting point n6 serves to engage the lateral-adjustment lever p6 as its pivot, and a gnarled head cramp-screw l6 is entered from the forward upper side through the clamp-plate m6 and engages a threaded hole k6 in the saddle f6.

The operation of my invention is as follows: To raise or lower the plane-iron T, push the button q to the left or right hand, which will cause the stud s to carry the saddle f up or down as the lever is rocked on its axis at e. To square the cutting end of the plane iron or bit with the throat of the plane, push the lever p to the right or left, as may be required, which causes the eccentric v to move the bit till the desired lateral adjustment is had. All these movements may be made without loosening the cramp-screw.

I do not limit myself to the specific form of the vertical-adjustment lever described herein, except that it should be located beneath the saddle f, which rests upon its lower end, and have its pivotal axis e and saddle-engaging stud s at its lowermost end or below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and the apex of the post D, nor do I limit myself to the particular form of the post or of the saddle herein described, as manifestly they may be modified without departing from the spirit of my invention.

It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the novel construction and arrangement of the parts in my present invention, as well as their simplicity, make it possible to cast the same in metal to substantially finished form and dimensions, excepting the screws, thus saving the laborand cost of fitting.

I do not herein claim the lateral-adjustment mechanism shown, except in combination with the leading features of my present invention, for the reason that the same was allowed to me broadly by Letters Patent of the United States No. 619,394, dated February 14, 1899; but,

Having described my invention, what I do claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane a vertical-adjustment mechanism comprising a laterally-movable lever pivoted centrally to the plane-body at a point below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and of the apex of the post; a stud located thereon on the top side and laterally opposite its axis, a saddle engaged by said stud held in place by the pivot-screw of said lever, and slidably resting upon the pivoted end of the same and upon the apex of a post above said fulcrum-screw, in combination with a plane-iron and means for clamping the latter upon said saddle.

2. In a plane a laterally-movable lever pivoted centrally to the plane-body at a point below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and of the apex of the post; a stud located thereon on the outer side and laterally opposite its axis; a saddle engaged by said stud held in place by the pivot-screw of said lever and slidably resting upon the pivoted end of the same and upon the apex of a post, above said fulcrum-screw; a plane-iron and means for clamping the same upon said saddle, in combination with mechanism for lateral adjustment of the plane-irons.

3. In a plane a vertical-adjustment mechanism comprising a laterally-movable lever pivoted centrally to the plane-body at a point below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw and of the apex of the post; a saddle slidably resting upon the pivoted end of said lever and upon the apex of a post; a laterally-located stud operatively connecting said saddle and said lever below the transverse plane of the fulcrum-screw, and a plane-iron, in combination with a lateral-adjustment lever eccentrically pivoted at the upper end of a clamp-plate.

4. In a plane a vertical-adjustment mechanism comprising a laterally-movable lever pivoted at its lower end; a saddle slidably resting upon the pivoted end of said lever and upon the apex of a post removed from the pivoted end of said lever, in combination with means for operatively connecting said lever and said saddle at their respective lower ends to accomplish vertical movement of the latter.

5. In a plane a laterally-movable pivoted vertical-adjustment lever, having an opening u centrally thereof, in combination with a saddle operatively engaged by said lever and having a groove h longitudinally central thereof on its under side contacting with the apex of a central post D within the plane-body and held in place by the pivotal screw of the lever.

6. In a plane a laterally-movable pivoted vertical-adjustment lever, having an opening fa centrally thereof, in combination with a post D projecting within said opening.

MASCHIL D. CONVERSE.

Witnesses:
WARREN W. WHITNEY,
J. MEACH.

No. 715,352 – Plane (Lewis M. Curry) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”575″]715352

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEWIS M. CURRY, OF BRIGHTON , MICHIGAN.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 715,352, dated December 9, 1902.
Application filed March 29, 1902. Serial No. 100,512. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEWIS M. CURRY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Brighton, in the county of Livingston and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to improvements in carpenters’ planes; and its object is to provide a cheap and simple construction which is strong and durable, having few parts, easily assembled, and not liable to get out of order, and to provide ready means for accurately adjusting the plane-bit longitudinally within the throat and to so construct the parts as to allow for a slight lateral adjustment of the bit, it also being the object of this invention to provide means for clamping the bit and its shavings-breaker to the support therefor, so that they are firmly held without the necessity of a clamping-plate or other obstruction on the upper side of the breaker, and the bit will be frictionally held against accidental lateral movement thereby, but may be so adjusted by the operator.

To this end the invention consists in providing a longitudinally-movable carrier for the bit, which carrier is supported at an inclination substantially the same as that of the bed and free to move laterally on its support, and in providing suitable means for securing the bit to the carrier at one end, which means also serves to hold the lower end of the bit in strong frictional contact with the bed to prevent such lateral movement of the bit except when adjusted by the operator; and the invention further consists in providing suitable mechanism for moving the carrier and attached bit longitudinally to regulate the cut, and also in the particular construction, arrangement, and combination of parts, all as more fully hereinafter described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure l is a perspective view of a device embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a longitudinal vertical section through the bit and adjacent parts and a portion of the stock on the line 2 2 of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a section on the 2, showing a plan view of the line 3 3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2, showing the carrier in plan; Fig. 5, the same, showing the carrier in section and illustrating the manner in which the bit is adjusted laterally; and Fig. 6 is a longitudinal vertical section similar to Fig. 2, showing a modified adjustment for the carrier and showing the bit unclamped to illustrate the manner in which it is held against the bed.

A is the stock of the plane, formed, in the usual manner, of hard wood, with a throat A’, having the mouth A2, and one side extended at an inclination of about forty-five degrees to form the bed A3, upon which the bit-iron or knife rests.

B is a casting secured to the top of the stock and provided with upwardly-extended supporting flanges or sides B’, which form bearings for the transverse pin C and eccentric-rod D, which support the bit-carrier E. Said carrier E consists of a rectangular casting having its middle portion cut away to lighten the same and provided with a lug E’, projecting from its lower end, which lug has an elongated opening E2 or slot through which the pin C extends, and through a transverse opening E3, near its upper end, extends the eccentric-rod D, which rod is provided with bearing ends D’ and D2 to engage the bearings in said sides B’. The rod D is set eccentrically to its bearing ends, so that when the same is turned by the knurled head D3, which is secured on the outer end of the reduced portion D4, the carrier will be moved a distance equal to the throw of said eccentric, and to secure the eccentric in place and connect the sides B’ a yoke F is provided, which embraces the sides B’ and is secured at its lower ends by the pin C, which extends therethrough and is riveted at its outer ends and near the top of the sides by the screws F’, said yoke extending over and closing the outer end of the opening forming the bearing for the end D’ of the eccentric and has an opening to at the reduced portion D4, thus securing the eccentric in place and forming a brace for the sides B’.

The knife or bit-iron G and its cap-iron or shavings-breaker H are secured together in the usual manner by a set-screw H’ engaging a slot G’ in the bit. The breaker is nearly as long as the bit and is provided with openings H2, having lateral extensions H3, located opposite the slot G’, to receive the heads of the screws I and J, which screws engage screw-threaded openings I’ and J’ in the carrier E, the head of the screw I forming an abutment to engage the upper side of the breaker.

The carrier E is supported at substantially the same inclination as the inclination of the bed A3, and the screw I is adjusted to bring its head at such a height relative to the bed that when said head is passed through the openings H2 and the breaker moved to engage the extension H3 with the shank of the screw the lower end of the bit will engage the bed adjacent to the mouth.

A binding-screw K engages a screw-threaded opening K’ in the carrier E, and on the inner end of said screw is a head K2, a recess K3 being provided in said carrier for said head, which head is forced upward by the turning of the screw into engagement with the under side of the bit and forces the lower end of the bit against the bed, the screw J being properly adjusted relative to the screw I to form a stop to prevent the bit from being bent too far by the action of the screw. The turning of the binding-screw K thus not only secures the bit to the carrier, but forces the same into frictional contact with the bed by the spring of the said bit, and by adjusting the screws I and J the frictional contact may be increased or diminished and the angle of the bit changed, so that it will lie flat upon the bed or will contact the same only at its lower end.

The carrier is made somewhat narrower than the space between the sides B’, and the eccentric is made to have a little play in its bearings, so that said carrier may be shifted laterally. When the bit is in place, the frictional contact thereof with the bed will hold the lower end of the bit so that when the upper end of the carrier is shifted the bit will be tilted to bring its cutting edge even with the sole of the stock when the bit is not ground exactly true, as shown in Fig. 5, and the spring action of the bit and its breaker causes a friction on the eccentric D, so that it will not be accidentally turned.

If desired, an adjusting-screw L, passing through an opening in the yoke F and engaging screw-threaded openings in the carrier, may be provided to move the carrier instead of the eccentric D; but I prefer said eccentric, as it is more accurate, is simple, cheap, and more durable.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim is —

1. In a plane, the combination with the stock; of side flanges on said stock, a bit, a movable carrier to which the bit is secured, and means supported by said flanges for supporting and moving the carrier to adjust the bit.

2. In a plane, the combination with the stock; of side flanges on said stock, a laterally-movable bit-carrier, a bit secured to said carrier, and means on the flanges for supporting the carrier and upon which it may be moved laterally of the stock to tilt the bit.

3. In a plane, the combination with the stock; of side flanges on said stock, a bit-carrier supported by said flanges and adapted to be moved laterally between the same, a bit on said carrier, and means for securing said bit to the carrier and for causing a frictional resistance to such lateral movement of the carrier.

4. In a plane, the combination with the stock; of a bit adapted to be moved longitudinally, side flanges on said stock and an eccentric supported by said flanges and adapted to move said bit.

5. In a plane, the combination with the stock thereof having a bed; of a carrier supported upon said stock and provided with screw-threaded openings a bit having an opening and engaging said bed at one end, a screw engaging one of the openings in the carrier and projecting through said opening in the bit to engage its head with the upper side of said bit, and a binding-screw engaging the other opening in the carrier and contacting the under side of said bit.

6. In a plane, the combination with the stock and a bit thereof; of supporting-flanges on said stock, a carrier to which the bit is secured, supported by said flanges to move longitudinally and provided with a transverse opening, and an eccentric within said opening.

7. In a plane, the combination with the stock thereof; of supporting-flanges on said stock, a carrier having a slot and a transverse opening, a pin supported by the flanges and engaging said slot, a rod in said opening having eccentric ends engaging bearings in said flanges, a bit, and means for securing said bit to said carrier.

8. In a plane, in combination a stock having a bed, supporting-flanges on said stock, a carrier having a slot at its lower end and a transverse opening near its upper end and screw-threaded openings, a pin secured at its ends to the supporting-flanges and extended through said slot, a rod in the transverse opening and having eccentric ends engaging bearings in the flanges, and provided with a head, a bit having openings, screws having heads projecting through said openings and engaging the upper side of the bit and adjustable in the screw-threaded openings in the carrier, a binding-screw extending through said carrier and a head on said binding-screw engaging said bit.

9. In a plane, the combination of a stock a casing secured to the upper side of said stock, the supporting-flanges on said casings having openings, a longitudinaily-movable carrier having a slot and a transverse opening, a pin extending through the opening in the flanges and the slot in the carrier, a rod engaging the transverse opening in the carrier and provided with eccentric ends engaging bearings in said flanges and having a reduced portion provided with a knurled head, a yoke embracing the flanges and provided with an opening to receive the reduced portion of the eccentric, and a bit secured to said carrier.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

LEWIS M. CURRY.

Witnesses:
LEWIS E. FLANDERS,
OTTO F. BARTHEL.

No. 710,678 – Plane (Charles H. Fox) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”574″]710678

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES H. FOX, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 710,678, dated October 7, 1902.
Application filed December 31, 1901. Serial No. 87,942. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. FOX, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to bench-planes; and it consists, substantially, in the improvements hereinafter more particularly described.

Without attempting to enumerate the advantages of the present invention by comparison with other planes hitherto devised it may be stated that the present invention has for its object to provide a plane of simple and effective construction and organization and one in which the plane mechanism is economically and compactly seated in place upon the stock in such manner as to overcome or prevent any tendency to chattering ot the operative portion of the plane-iron, and also to provide an extended bearing for the rear or under side of the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, and to greatly strengthen the fastening for such frame without materially adding to the weight of the plane.

A further object is to provide means for preventing dislodgment or disorganization of the plane mechanism either in part or in entirety due to any tendency thereof to rise from its seat upon the stock, from drag upon the plane-iron, or from other causes.

A still further object of the invention is to provide means for fastening the supporting-frame to the stock in the most. rigid and secure manner, while readily permitting vertical or up and down adjustments of such frame for the purpose of effecting changes in the position of a wearing-sole in conformity with the needs thereof, and also to provide means whereby the up and down adjusting devices for the plane-iron are housed in part and protected against accidental displacement in the use of the plane.

The above and additional objects are attained by means substantially such as are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a plane embodying my improvements, said view being taken just to one side of the median line of the width of the stock, several of the parts being shown in elevation. Fig. 2 is a top or plan view thereof with the plane mechanism removed. Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal sectional view of the top iron of the plane. Fig. 4 is an enlarged view similar to Fig. 1 to more clearly indicate the construction and organization of parts or elements comprising or constituting the plane mechanism, the stock or body of the plane being broken off at each end. Fig. 5 is also a similar view taken to one side of the median line of the width of the stock and just to the outer side of one of the fastening-screws for the frame of the plane mechanism, so as to clearly show the construction and organization. Fig. 6 is a view looking at the rear or under side of the supporting-frame for the plane mechanism, said plate being minus any of such mechanism as well as the adjusting elements for the plane-iron; and Fig. 7 is a view looking at the front or upper side of the supporting-frame, the stock and top iron being shown in vertical section and the laterally-adjusting lever for the plane-iron being partly broken off.

Before proceeding with a more detailed description it may be stated that in the practice of my invention I provide the body or stock of the plane of any suitable wood, and I form therein from top to bottom an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is inclined to provide a seat of proper angle or inclination for the plane-iron mechanism and the surface of the front wall of which is specially constructed at the bottom of the stock to cooperate with the lower end of the frame of the plane mechanism, as and for the purpose hereinafter specifically explained. To provide an extended and continuous bearing-surface for the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, I extend the rearwardly and upwardly inclined surface of the rear wall of the opening in the stock some distance above the top of the stock, and preferably such extension is in duplicate with the parts thereof on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock. The supporting-frame is provided separately with some suitable laterally and vertically adjusting devices for the plane-iron, and the said plane-stock and supporting-frame are so constructed that the principal parts of the said vertically-adjusting devices are snugly and conveniently housed in such manner as not to become broken or disarranged accidentally while the plane is in use, yet readily accessible for adjusting or changing the position of the plane-iron. Preferably the upward extensions of the surface of the rear wall of the opening in the stock are of metal, constituting integral parts of the plane-iron, and the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism is provided with a sole or wear plate receiving the wear of the plane and havinga throat for the play of the operative end of the plane-iron. The supporting-frame is also otherwise specially constructed at its lower end to cooperate with the said specially-constructed part of the surface of the front wall of the plane-opening to prevent uprising or dislodgment of said frame and the other parts of the plane mechanism supported or carried thereby, and preferably, also, the fastenings for the frame are introduced into the said duplicate metal extensions of the rear surface of the opening of the stock rather than in the stock itself. The construction enables use to be made of plane stocks or bodies of comparatively limited height and is otherwise especially advantageous, both from a commercial and practical point of view.

Specific reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein an embodiment of my invention is shown and which maybe the preferred embodiment, A represents the stock or body of the plane, constructed of any suitable wood for the purpose and formed therein at the proper point of its length with an opening a, the surface b of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined at an angle of about forty-five degrees (45°) to the base of the plane, so as to give to the plane mechanism seated upon such surface the proper inclination within such opening. The lower corner of the front wall c of said opening a is also cut off or beveled to produce a similarly-inclined shorter surface d, which is preferably parallel with the said surface b, for the purpose hereinafter understood. In the top surface thereof the said plane stock or body is cut out or recessed a short distance centrally thereof, so as to provide a cavity e, leading rearwardly from the opening a and designed to partially receive the operating element of the up and down adjusting devices for the plane-iron in the manner shown and as hereinafter specifically set forth. Secured in place upon the upper portion of the stock or body by means of screws or similar fastenings f is the top iron B, which is constructed with parallel and slightly raised or elevated side portions g g, the inner surfaces of which may be practically flush or even with the corresponding surfaces of the sides of the opening a, already referred to. Said side portions g g are united by an integral rib h, connecting the same at about the upper forward edge of said opening a, and forwardly of said rib the said top iron is formed with a short longitudinal extension i, on which is seated the knob or forward handle j of the plane, said knob being held in place by a screw k, entering the stock through a suitable opening therefor in said forward extension. The rearward ends of the side portions g g of the top iron gradually decrease in height and slightly converge at l l, whence they terminate in parallel elevated flanges m m, formed on a rearward longitudinal extension n, and upon which latter, between said flanges, is seated the base o of the main or rear handle C of the plane, said handle being securely fastened in place by a screw-rod p, passing through the same and secured at its lower end in a threaded opening in the said extension n therefor. The forward part of said rearward extension it of the top iron is cut out or notched at n’, so as to bring the inner edges e’ thereof about even with the side and rearward edges of the recess or cavity e of the plane-stock, and thus are formed the integral flanges s s of the top iron, which are seated upon the upper surface of said stock on opposite sides of the said recess or cavity therein. Said flanges are each provided with a hole or opening for the passage of a screw t, which enters the stock on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the same, and thus is an extremely rigid and compact structure derived. Said side flanges s s of the top iron are each widened somewhat at s’, and they also constitute bases for preferably duplicate integral supports u u for the frame D of the plane mechanism E, said supports of course being also on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane and being integral at the outer sides thereof with the adjacent inner surfaces of the rear ends of the side portions g g of the top iron. In this way increased width or thickness of each of the said supports it is obtained for the formation therein of a threaded opening v for the reception of a screw w for securing the supporting-frame D in place and which construction does not materially add to the weight of the plane. The forward edges or faces x x of said supports u u are faced off in the same plane and at an upward and rearward inclination corresponding to the angle of inclination of the surface b of the rear wall of opening a in the stock, and thus said faces of the said supports constitute practical upward continuations or extensions of said surface b. In this way an increased, even, and continuous bearing-surface is obtained for the under side of the supporting-frame D of the plane mechanism, as is obvious. The frame D is substantially a rectangular plate the upper part d’ of which is comparatively thin, while the remaining lower portion thereof is of increased thickness, for the purpose hereinafter understood, although recessed or hollowed out, as at y y, on its upper surface, so as to lessen the weight thereof as much as possible without any less of strength. At its lower end the said supporting-frame is formed or provided with a sole d2, in which is formed transversely a throat d3 for the player working of the lower and operative end of the plane-iron F in a manner well known. Also formed with said frame and preferably on the upper part of said sole-plate forwardly of the throat therein is a wedge G, the forward surface of which is at a corresponding angle to the undercut or beveled portion d of the surface of the front wall of the said opening a in the stock. Formed on the under side of the frame D, about centrally thereof, is a pendent or hanging portion d5, having in its rear face a threaded opening in which works the inner end of an adjusting-screw d4, having thereon an operating-button d5, provided with collars 1 1, forming between them a circumferential groove 2, in which are received on opposite sides of said screw the ends of the furcated arm 3 of a swinging lever 4, having its bearing on a rod or pin 5 between short flanges 6 6, also formed on the under side of said frame, the end or nose of the shorter arm 7 of such lever protruding forwardly through an adjacent opening or slot 8 in the said frame, all as shown. The said elements constitute the usual or well-known vertical or up-and-down adjusting devices for the plane-iron F, and it will be seen that the same are brought to a comparatively low position with reference to the plane-stock, the operating-button d5 thereof extending partly into the cavity e of the stock, thus economizing greatly in the space consumed or occupied by said devices as a whole. Moreover, in virtue of the lower part of the frame D being of an increased thickness downwardly, beginning at a point somewhat below the point of suspension of the lever 4 thereon, said adjusting devices are thus carried forwardly a distance about equaling the difference of thickness between the two parts of said frame, and are thereby caused to be snugly housed in the space between the inclined extended bearings or supports u u. In this way the operation of the adjusting devices in question may be effected without difficulty, while at the same time they are prevented in large measure from breakage or disarrangement by contact with external objects in the handling of the plane. Above the opening or slot 8 in the upper part of frame D is a recess 9, in which works a button 10, carried on the end of the well-known form of laterally-adjusting lever 11 for the plane-iron pivoted at 12 on the frame, the said button engaging, as usual, the sides or edges of a longitudinal slot or opening 13 in said plane-iron. Screwing in to the said supporting frame or plate D ofthe frame mechanism, about centrally of the width thereof and at a point about corresponding to the upper surface of the plane-stock, is an upwardly and forwardly projecting screw 15, over which is fitted the plane-iron F, having secured thereto by means of screw 16 the ordinary top plate F2, and above the top plate and also fitting ever the screw by means of an opening or slot 17 therein is the usual clamping device or lever 18, with the edges of the said slot therein engaging under the head of said screw, the parts all being held together within the opening a of the stock by the clamping action of said clamping-lever 18 caused by the cam 19 when turned down against the top plate by means of its operating-lever 20, the said cam bearing directly upon a spring 21, secured on the under side of said clamping-lever and all operating in an obvious manner. Formed in the said supporting frame or plate D, on either side of the median line of the width thereof, are the slots er openings 25, the lower edge of each of which is substantially in the plane of the longer axis of screw 15, and the length of each of which is only suflicient for maximum vertical or up-and-down adjustments of the frame, whereby the sole d2 at the lower end thereof may be carried to any extent of protrusion beyond the under or wearing surface of the stock by which to practically receive and sustain the greater part of the wear of the plane in use. Said slots or openings 25 are also in direct line with the screw-holes v v in the extensions or supports u u, the original position of such openings prior to any adjustment of the frame being about midway the length of the slots, substantially as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, and the frame is chamfered or countersunk at 27 around the edges of said slots, so as to bring the heads of the fastening-screws w for the frame at least flush with or below the upper surface of the latter, and thereby enabling an even seating of the plane-iron upon said frame. From the construction and organization shown and described it will be seen that the fastening-screws w for the frame D are brought into the nearest practical proximity or relationship with the said forwardly-projecting screw 15, and thus is there partially established a counterbalance between the opposing forces acting separately on said screw 15 and the screws w, the one force tending to pull the frame outwardly or upwardly and the other tending to hold the frame (and consequently the entire frame mechanism) down upon its seat or bearing upon the stock within the opening a therein. Inasmuch, however, as the pressure or force exerted by cam 19 as well as that exerted by screws w are both on the same side of and above screw 15, which latter it will be understood is a fulcrum for the clamping bow or lever 18, there is a slight tendency to uprising of the lower end of the frame D, which tendency is successfully or effectually resisted by the forward inclined face of the wedge G firmly abutting or engaging the opposing inclined surface d of the lower part of the front wall of the said opening a, in the stock. In this way there is established a most perfect counterbalance or equilibrium of the forces acting upon the parts of the planes in different or opposing directions, thereby overcoming or preventing any tendency to vibration or chattering of the plane-iron irrespective of the degree of hardness of the wood upon which the plane is used.

It will be seen from the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying illustrations, that I have provided a bench-plane possessing compactness and stability and one in which adjustments may be made readily and accurately without loss of time. The plane is strong and capable of withstanding all the handling incident to the conditions under which the same may be used, and the general commercial as well as practical advantages thereof will be apparent without further mention. It will be understood, of course, that I do not limit myself to the precise details of construction and organization of the elements of the plane, since changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having described my invention, I claim —

l. A plane-stock with an opening therein having duplicate upward extensions of the surface of the rear wall thereof, such surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

2. A plane-stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and provided with duplicate upward extensions thereof, such surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

3. A plane-stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and provided on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock with duplicate upward extensions thereof, such surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

4. A plane-stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, and a top iron secured to the stock and formed with duplicate directly-continuous extensions of such surface, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

5. A plane-stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly-inclined and of the same alinement throughout, and the lower part of the front wall of which is undercut in parallelism therewith, said stock being provided with a top iron having duplicate directly-continuous extensions of such rear-wall surface, a supporting-plate for a plane-iron seated within the opening, and fastenings for said plate entering said surface extensions.

6. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of such surface located on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism having vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron housed between the extensions, and means securing the supporting member of said plane mechanism to the faces of said extensions, said means entering said extensions at the said faces thereof.

7. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, said stock being also formed in the top thereof with a cavity extending rearwardly of said opening, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of the rear-wall surface of the stock-opening on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism comprising a supporting-frame provided on the under side of the upper portion thereof with vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron, said supporting-frame resting upon such rear-wall surface and its extensions, and secured to the latter, and also being of increased thickness below the point of suspension of the adjusting devices thereon, whereby such devices are brought to a housed position between the duplicate extensions and partially received in the cavity in the stock.

8. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly-inclined and of the same alinement throughout, said stock being also formed in the top thereof with a cavity extending rearwardly of said opening, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of the rear-wall surface of the stock-opening on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism comprising a supporting-frame having duplicate slots and provided on the under side of the upper portion thereof with vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron, said supporting-frame resting upon such rear-wall surface and its extensions, and also being of greatest thickness below the point of suspension of the adjusting devices thereon whereby such devices are brought to a housed position between the duplicate extensions and partially received in the cavity of the stock, and screws passing through the slots of said frame and entering the openings therefor in the said extensions.

9. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and of the same alinement throughout, and the lower part of the surface of the front wall of which is undercut in parallelism with such inclined surface, said stock being also formed in the top thereof with a cavity extending rearwardly of said opening, a top iron having directly-continuous duplicate extensions of the rear-wall surface of the stock-opening on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, a plane mechanism comprising a supporting-frame having duplicate slots and provided on the under side of the upper portion thereof with vertically-adjusting devices for a plane-iron, said supporting-frame resting upon such rear-wall surface and its extensions and provided with a sole formed with a throat and having a wedge engaging such undercut surface, and also being of increased thickness below the point of suspension of the adjusting devices thereon, whereby such devices are brought to a housed position between the duplicate extensions and partially I received in the cavity in the stock, and screws passing through said slots and engaging the extensions.

10. A plane comprising a stock with an opening therein the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly-inclined and provided with duplicate extensions beyond the top of the stock on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof, the surface of the front wall of which opening is undercut all the way across the stock at the bottom in parallelism with such inclined surface, and a vertically-adjustable plane mechanism including a supporting-frame seated within the opening and slotted on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof, and screws passing through the slots of the frame and entering said extensions, said frame being provided at its lower end with a sole formed with a throat for the plane-iron and having a wedge engaging such undercut surface, such rear-wall surface being of the same alinement throughout and the extensions thereof directly continuous therewith.

CHARLES H. FOX.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 710,542 – Bench-Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1902)

[paiddownloads id=”573″]710542

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE & LEVEL COMPANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT,
A CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 710,542, dated October 7, 1902.
Application filed December 28, 1901. Serial No. 87,532. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to bench-planes; and it consists, substantially, in the improvements hereinafter more particularly described.

Considerable attention has been given in recent years to the construction and operation of bench-planes (both metal planes and wooden planes) with a view to increasing the general effectiveness and range of efficiency thereof, and more especially to the construction and organization of the elements or parts constituting the operative mechanism of the plane, as well as to the manner of seating and securing such mechanism within or upon the plane stock or body. Principal among the difficulties encountered in planes usually is the undue vibration or chattering of the edge or operative portion of the plane-iron, due largely to the drag or upward resistance offered by the surface of the wood operated upon, particularly in the case of hard woods. To overcome such chattering in a metal plane, it has been suggested to provide the upper surface of the sole of the plane with two steps, one raised or elevated above the other and the two constituting remotely-situated step-bearings for a so-called “frog” firmly held upon said bearings and flexed to thereby steady the same, and thus prevent chattering of the plane, while still permitting of adjustments of the plane-iron for varying the width of the throat of the plane. As is obvious, a construction or organization of the kind mentioned is not practicable with a plane having a wooden body; but, as hereinafter specifically explained, practically the same resuits are attained in a wooden plane by means of substantially the construction and organization of devices herein employed. Other difficulties and disadvantages have also been frequently met with in the construction and operation of the adjusting elements of the operative mechanisms of planes generally, I (both metal and wooden planes,) since in many embodiments hitherto devised or employed it is always diflicult and often practically impossible to effect the adjustment of one of such parts or elements without disarranging or dislocating the whole or some other part or parts of the mechanism and which is a decided objection for several reasons. Still further, in many instances hitherto the so-called “wooden planes” are both heavy for convenient use and comparatively expensive to manufacture on account of the considerable arnount of material employed in the construction of the essentially metallic portions thereof, and for which and other reasons the commercial advantages of the plane are greatly lessened as well as its utility.

The present invention has for its object to overcome all of the above-mentioned difficulties and disadvantages and to provide a bench-plane possessing the greatest stability between the several elements or parts thereof and also in which each part or element combines maximum strength with extreme lightness and delicacy of structure.

A further object is to greatly improve this class of tools generally, both from a commercial as well as from a practical standpoint, whereby the cost of the plane is reduced and the effectiveness and efficiency of the same enhanced over and above many planes hitherto devised with similar ends in view.

A further object of the present invention is to provide simple and effective means for preventing chattering of the operative portion of the plane-iron and also to provide a plane mechanism of great stability and compactness and one in which the up and down adjusting devices for the plane-iron may be set to any position desired irrespective of whether the said mechanism is in place within or upon the plane body or stock.

A still further object is to provide a plane mechanism adapted for use with plane stocks or bodies of dilferent standard sizes without requiring any change either in the adjustment or fastening of any of the elements thereof, all as will more fully hereinafter appear.

The above and additional objects are attained by means substantially such as are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein —

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical sectional elevation of a bench-plane embodying my several improvements, said view being taken substantially on the median line of the plane. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of my improved bench-plane with the operative mechanism thereof detached or removed to more clearly indicate the construction of the plane-stock, as well as the inclined seats or supports which receive and cooperate with the uppermost projections or raised bearing-surfaces on the rear or under side of the adjustable supporting-frame of said operative mechanism. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the top iron of the plane, taken about centrally. Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of my improved bench-plane, taken about on the same line as in Fig. 1, the stock or body of the plane being broken off at the ends. Fig. 5 is a view looking from the rear or under side of the adjustable supporting-frame for the operative mechanism of the plane (appurtenances being removed) to more clearly indicate the arrangement and location of the projections or raised bearing-surfaces on said frame. Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line X X of Fig. 7 to indicate more clearly one of the slots and screws or similar fastenings by which the adjustable frame of the plane mechanism is confined in place upon the seats therefor, said view being minus the plane-iron and its adjusting devices, as well as the top plate and clamping bow or lever shown in Figs. 1 and 4. Fig. 7 is a vertical transverse sectional view looking toward the right of Fig. 1 and being partly broken away at one side to indicate one of the screw-holes in the plane-stock and also being minus the forwardly-adjusting device for the plane-iron, as well as said latter element and the top plate and clamping bow or lever shown in Figs. 1 and ft. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view illustrative of the adaptation of my improved plane mechanism to plane bodies or stocks of different sizes or dimensions.

Before proceeding with a more detailed description it may be stated that in carrying my invention into effect I provide the body or stock of the plane of any suitable wood adapted to the purpose, and I form therein an opening extending from top to bottom thereof for the reception of the operative mechanism of the plane, which mechanism comprises suitable ordinary adjusting devices for the plane-iron both in vertical and lateral directions. The said operative mechanism also includes an adjustable supporting-frame constructed with a sole-plate in which is formed the throat for the proper working of the cutting edge of the bit or plane-iron, and said sup porting-frame is otherwise constructed in the manner and for the purpose hereinafter specifically explained. When the elements of the operative mechanism of the plane ar properly adjusted relatively to each other and the supporting-frame thereof also adjusted and secured in place within the stock, opposing forces or strains are set up or established between the said frame and stock at different points, as vvell as between the frame and clamping-bow at substantially corresponding points, the tendency of such strains or forces in one direction being to firmly hold or press the remote bearing-surfaces of the frame to their supporting-seats and those in the other direction to dislodge or pull the frame therefrom, whereas in virtue of the peculiar construction and organization of the different cooperating parts the said forces tend to slightly bend or flex the frame between its bearings on the stock, and the resultant effect is to establish equilibrium and-perfect stability between the several elements ofthe plane mechanism, and thereby prevent vibrating action of the supporting-frame, and consequently effectually preventing or overcoming any tendency of the operative portion of the bit or plane-iron to chatter or vibrate in the use of the plane either upon hard or soft woods.

Through the vertical adjustments of the said supporting-plane for the plane mechanism the amount of protuberance or projection of the wearing-sole from the under or operating surface of the plane-stock may be varied or altered so as to receive practically much the greater part of the wear of the plane, and it will be apparent that in any of such adjustments the vertical position of the operative edge of the plane-iron will be correspondingly altered or changed. The lateral as well as the vertical adjustments of the plane-iron, however, are effected independently of the adjustments of said frame, and, as will be seen hereinafter, the devices for effecting the latter adjustments may be set before introducing or seating the plane mechanism within the stock. Moreover, the organization is such that even after the said plane mechanism is seated within the stock either one or all of the adjustments mentioned may be made without dislocation of any one or more of the elements or parts. My improved plane mechanism is complete in itself and constitutes a compact and stable structure adaptable to planes of different heights or dimensions within certain limits, and thus said mechanism may be kept “in stock” in large quantities and sold to the trade separately from the bodies of the planes, if desired. This also is a great advantage in that said mechanism may be applied to plane-bodies of one size or another either at the time of sale or when the planes are sent to market or else when substituting either a plane-body or one set of mechanism for another, as in instances of renewals and repairs.

Specific reference being had to the accompanying drawings, A represents an ordinary plane stock or body constructed of any suitable wood and formed at a suitable point in the length thereof with an opening a, extending from the upper surface b to the lower and operating surface, said opening being for the accommodation and working of the parts or elements of which the plane mechanism is made up or constituted. The surface of the front wall of the opening a may be straight at d for its full height, if desired, whereas at a suitable distance from the under side of the stock said wall is preferably undercut, so as to form a downwardly and forwardly inclined beveled surface e, as shown. The surface of the rear wall of said opening is inclined upwardly and rearwardly at f substantially at an angle of forty-five degrees (more or less) from the point g of the stock, thus decreasing the length of the opening toward the bottom of the stock, as shown, the width of said opening between the sides of the stock being of equal extent throughout. The beveled or inclined surfaces e and f are parallel with each other, the said surface f being longer or higher than the surface e and serving not only to position the plane mechanism within the stock, but also in part as a seat and resistance for the lower end of the adjustable supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, to be hereinafter described.

Secured to the upper surface of the stock or body of the plane in any suitable manner, and preferably by means of screws, such as h, is the top iron C, constructed of a single piece and formed with the slightly-elevated centrally-disposed side portions i i, connected together at the upper edge of the forward wall of opening a of the stock by means of a slightly-raised rib j, said side portions having their inner surfaces substantially even or flush with the inner surfaces of the two sides of said opening, while the outer surfaces thereof are preferably somewhat within the side or corresponding surfaces of the plane-stock, this construction tending to greater strength and more equal distribution of weight and strain throughout the plane structure. The said side portions i i of the plane-iron extend rearwardly a suitable distance beyond the upper edge of the rearwardly-inclined surface of the rear wall of said opening a of the stock, and they are turned or inclined inwardly at k k, whence they merge or terminate in parallel strengthening-flanges l l, between which is snugly seated the elongated base in of the rear handle n of the plane. The said handle n is securely fastened in place by means of a rod o passing down through the same, and the lower-threaded end of which is received in a projection o’ on the top iron, having a similarly-threaded opening to receive it, said rod being provided with a screw-cap o” at its upper end fitting a countersink at the upper surface fn’ of the handle. From this construction it will be seen that the said handle is securely braced against lateral strains in the manipulation of the plane and that the fastening therefor is also largely relieved of such strains, thereby tending to greater effectiveness and security of fastening. Seated upon the forward flanged portion i2 of the top iron is the forward knob or handle i3, secured in place by one of the screws h, entering the stock or body A, as shown.

Situated upon the upper surface of the plane stock or body A, intermediate or between the raised side portions of the top iron C, are preferably two seats or supports s s, which are each substantially pyramidal in side view, with the upwardly and rearwardly inclined edges or faces s’ s’ thereof preferably flush with and constituting practical extensions or continuations of the said upwardly and rearwardly inclined surface f of the opening of of the stock, said seats also cooperating with the supporting-frame of the plane mechanism, as already suggested and to be presently explained. These seats s s may be mounted in position in various different ways; but preferably I provide bases s2 s2 therefor, joined together by an integral connecting base portion s3, and said bases are also in turn preferably integral with the corresponding side portions i i of the top iron, as indicated at s4 s4. The bases are firmly held in position upon the upper surface of the plane-stock, (as are the remaining portions of the top iron C,) and from the construction and organization herein shown it will be seen that an eminently strong and stable structure is had or obtained. Said inclined seats by being thus widely separated from each other enable a great saving to be had in the amount of metal employed in their construction, and an additional saving of metal is also derived in dispensing with any connection between the outer sides of the seats and the opposing inner sides of the top iron, excepting at the bases s2 s2, as already described. In this way also the structure is rendered considerably lighter without loss of strength, while the space between the said inclined seats is utilized to partially receive and accommodate the working of the vertically-adjusting devices for the plane-iron, as will hereinafter appear.

Formed in the rearwardly and upwardly inclined wall f of the opening a of the stock or body A and at predetermined points on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane are suitable openings f2 f2, (see Fig. 2,) which extend into said body or stock substantially at right angles to such inclined surface, said openings each being for the reception of means, such as a screw u, for securing the supporting-frame D of the plane mechanism B firmly in place. Said supporting-frame comprises, essentially, a substantially rectangular plate having therein suitable oblong slots or openings v v, (see Fig. 5,) through which pass the fastening-screws u, (but one being shown,) the said slots or openings being for the purpose of enabling the said supporting-frame to be moved or adjusted on the screws with respect to the plane-stock. The entrances to the openings f2 f2 in the stock are at the highest available point of the stock by which to bring the heads of the screws as close as practicable to and yet below the axis of the forwardly-projecting screw E, which fits in said plate in line with the transverse center thereof. The purpose of this organization will be fully understood hereinafter, and it may be stated at this point that the base portion s3 of the top iron, as well as the upper surface of the plane-stock, are each preferably correspondingly notched or out out at y y’, by which to accommodate the inner end of said screw E in the event of any inward adjustments thereof being made at any time, though in most instances said notches may be dispensed with. It may also be here added that the upper surface of frame D is sunken or recessed at v’ v’, so as to bring the outer surface of the heads of said screws it in a plane at least flush with or slightly below the highest parts of the frame-surface to thus enable the proper seating in place of the plane-iron D2, hereinafter referred to. The said supporting-frame D is made very thin and strong, as will be observed, and to further reduce the weight thereof it is preferably channeled out on the upper surface, as shown at z, for instance, thereby leaving slightly-raised surfaces ,z’ z2 z3, and z4, and upon which rests the under surface of said plane-iron, this latter element having an opening for the passage of screw E, and leading from which opening is the usual slot 2, between the sides of which extend the effective portions of the usual lateral and vertical adjusting devices for the plane-iron. The said frame D is also sunken in its upper surface just above screw E to form a recess 3 for the accommodation of the head 4 of the screw which secures the top plate 4a to the plane-iron, and said plane-iron and said top plate each has the usual slot or opening 5 5a in which works the end of the upper arm 6 of the swinging yoke-lever 8, the ends of the furcated arm 9 of which are engaged by collars 10 11 on a sleeve working on a screw 12, fitted in a threaded opening in a bearing 13 on the under side of frame D and having a head 14 for manipulation thereof. These elements constitute well-known vertical adjusting devices for the plane-iron; but attention is called to the compact organization herein shown and provided whereby said bearing for the adjusting-screw is accommodated between the elevated inclined seats 5 3 on the upper surface of the plane-stock. Pivoted at 15 upon the upper surface of frame D is the usual laterally-adjusting lever 16 for the plane-iron, said lever having the button 17, engaging the sides of slot 2 of said iron, while secured in place upon the said top plate 4a is the usual clamping-bow 18, having therein a slot 19, the edges of which are engaged by the head of screw E, the said bow having on its under side a spring 20, which is forced against the upper surface of the top plate 4a by means of a cam 21 on a lever 22, working in the upper end of the bow in a well-known way, the action of said cam at the same time being to throw the upper end of the bow upwardly or outwardly from said top plate. By turning said cam-lever upwardly or outwardly the parts are loosened sufficiently to enable any desired adjustments of the plane-iron to be made, or the elements above the frame D may then be temporarily removed for the purpose of adjusting the said frame upon its fastening-screws.

The supporting-frame D for the plane mechanism is formed with a wearing-sole 25, having therein the throat 26 for the cutting or operative end of the plane-iron, and immediately in front of the throat said sole is constructed with a wedge 27, extending the full width of the opening a in the stock, the forward inclined face 28 of which wedge snugly fits against the undercut or bevel e of said stock. Said wedge is united or connected with the forward or upper surface of the frame mechanism, at the edges thereof, by means of integral side plates 30, as shown, and it will be seen that one of the principal reasons for the adjustability of the said supporting-frame D is to enable the sole to be so adjusted with reference to the under or working face of the plane as to practically receive all the wear of the plane. As the sole itself wears it can be readily adjusted in compensation therefor, as is evident. Said supporting-frame D is formed on its under surface, at the lower end thereof, with a slightly-projected bearing-surface 31, extending all the way across the frame and which has its seat upon the lower part of the inclined surface f of the rear wall of opening a in the stock, it being understood, of course, that said bearing-surface is planed or dressed off parallel with said beveled or inclined surfaces e and f, and the supporting-frame itself being also parallel therewith, so as to occupy the necessary inclined position upon the plane. Also formed on the under side of said frame D at points substantially opposite the forward inclined edges or faces of the inclined seats or supports s s of the top iron are similarly-projected bearing-surfaces 32 32, (see Fig. 5,) which rest and have a firm bearing upon said seats or supports s s, the median line of the width of such surfaces being somewhat outside median lines passing between the vertical edges of each of said slots v v, this construction aiding in the flenure or bending of the frame intermediate its supports or bearings, as is evident.

To assemble the parts of the plane, the frame D is placed within the opening a of the stock, with the bearing-surfaces 31 and 32 32 thereof resting upon the several seats therefor already described, and the screws u are screwed down very tightly upon the frame after the latter has been adjusted to bring the sole-plate thereof to the desired position relatively to the bottom surface of the stock. The top iron and its plate may now be placed in position by slipping the same over the screw E, after which the clamping lever or bow is also applied in similar manner, and the cam-lever 22 is then turned downward, so as to throw the upperend of said clamping-lever outward or upward, while the spring on the under side thereof is forced against the top plate by the cam, thus holding the elements of the plane mechanism together very rigidly. In virtue of the construction of my improved supporting-frame D and cooperation between the remote bearing-surfaces thereof and the corresponding seats therefor upon the plane-stock the said frame is firmly and securely held down by means of its screws in a manner quite evident. At the same time the cam 21 is exerting a downward pressure upon the upper part of the plane-iron and its top plate, which pressure is of course communicated to and thrown upon the frame above its uppermost bearings, and simultaneously with this action the lower end of the clamping-lever is thrown downward upon the lower part of the top plate by the cam, thus exerting a counterbalancing downward pressure on this end of the supporting-frame, the head of screw E obviously operating all the while as a fulcrum for the clamping bow or lever to work on. Due to the upward and downward positions to which the ends of the clamping-bow are thrown and held by the cam 21 considerable of an outward strain is placed upon said screw E and which exerts an outward pull upon the frame D, tending to lift the latter from the remotely-situated seats therefor and which is counter to the downward pressure exerted by the screws it and the bow and cam-lever to hold the plane in place. The opposing forces thus set up tend to the establishment of perfect equilibrium between the parts and result in a bench-plane possessing the greatest stability and practicability and one in which chattering of the plane-iron is practically destroyed or overcome, due to the inherent tension at which the frame D is always held.

In some instances the present construction may be modified, to form the bearing-surfaces 31 32 32 on the stock itself and raised or elevated with reference to and parallel with the inclined surface f of the opening a in the said stock, in which case the entire lower or under surface of frame D would be formed, preferably, even or flat. A further modified construction also would be to form the inclined seats s s for the frame integral with the plane-stock rather than with the top iron; but thc construction or embodiment herein shown, however, is the one preferred in practice.

As already explained, the plane mechanism of my present invention is compactly organized and is removable in entirety from the stock and adapted to be sold to the trade separately from the stock, being also adapted to plane-stocks or bodies of different sizes, as is clearly shown in the diagrammatic view, Fig. 8. As is well known, there is but slight variation in the heights of the plane-stocks of different standard sizes per series, even though the length thereof may vary considerably, and thus, as will be clearly seen, one or the other of the stocks may be employed with the same mechanism. As is equally apparent, my improved plane-stock may also be supplied to the trade separately from the plane mechanism, but preferably provided with the top iron.

My invention thus comprises a construction and organization of elements cooperating in the production of a bench-plane supplying in ample measure practically all the present-day requirements of such a structure, both as regards its utility as well as the operational, practical, and commercial advantages thereof.

Having described my invention, I claim —

1. A plane comprising a stock having a bit and an opening for said bit, a bit-seating frame in said opening having projected bearing-supports, means for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the former between said projected supports, thus tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

2. A plane comprising a stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is continuous and of the same alinement throughout, a bit in the opening, a bit-seating frame also in said opening having remotely-situated bearings on such rear wall surface, means for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the former between such bearings, thus tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

3. A plane comprising a stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is continuous and of the same alinement throughout, a bit in the opening, a bit-seating frame also in said opening formed with slots and having remotely-situated projected bearings on such rear wall surface, screws passing through said slots for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the frame between such bearings and thereby tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

4. A plane comprising a stock having therein an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is continuous and of the same alinement throughout, a bit in the opening, a bit-seating frame also in said opening formed with vertical slots on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock and having remotely-situated projected hearings on such rear wall surface above and below the slots, screws passing through said slots for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the frame between such bearings, and thereby tending to flex the same, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

5. A plane comprising a stock having a bit and an opening therefor, a bit-seating frame in said opening having on the under side thereof a lower broad projected surface portion bearing on the lower part of the surface of the rear wall of such opening, and also having on its under side similar projected surface portions situated on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock and similarly bearing on the upper part of such rear wall surface, means for securing said frame to the stock and engaging the former between said lower and upper bearings and thus tending to flex the frame, and a bit-clamping means tending to flex said frame in the opposite direction.

6. A plane comprising a stock with an opening having an upward extension of the surface of the rear wall thereof, a detachable bit-seating frame having on the under side thereof remotely-situated projected surface portions bearing on such rear wall surface and its extension, said frame being provided with an upwardly and forwardly projecting screw located intermediate said surface portion, a bit and its top-plate, a clamping-bow having a cam-lever for securing the latter elements in place, said clamping-bow having a slot the edges of which engage beneath the head of said screw, thus tending to flex the frame outwardly, and means engaging said frame between said bearing-surfaces and tending to flex the frame inwardly.

7. A plane comprising a stock with an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is rearwardly and upwardly inclined and provided with duplicate extensions beyond the top of the stock on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof; a plane mechanism including a member having remote bearings on such inclined surfaces and extensions thereof and provided with a sole formed with a throat for the plane-iron, and adjusting means securing such member in place tending to flex the same between its supports.

8. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having on the under side thereof a lower projected surface portion, and similarly-projected surface portions remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof, the median lines of the width of said slots being within the median lines of the width of said remotely-situated projected surface portions.

9. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having on the under side thereof a projected surface portion extending across the frame at the lower end, and similarly-projected surface portions remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having intermediate slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the width thereof.

10. A seating-frame for a plane~bit having a projected bearing-surface across the rear or under side thereof at the lower end and similar surfaces remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, said frame being also provided with a sole formed with a throat for the bit.

11. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having a projected bearing-surface across the rear or under side thereof at the lower end, and similar surfaces remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having intermediate slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the frame, and being provided with a plate having a throat for the lower end of the bit.

12. A seating-frame for a plane-bit having a projected bearing-surface across the rear or under side thereof at the lower end, and similar surfaces remotely situated therefrom on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, said frame having intermediate slots also on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, the median lines of which slots are within the corresponding lines of said remote surfaces, and the frame being further provided with a sole having a throat for the lower end of the bit.

13. A plane comprising a stock with an opening the surface of the rear wall of which is upwardly and rearwardly inclined, a bit-seating frame located on said surface having slots on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the plane, and screws entering the stock through said slots, said frame having a projected bearing across said inclined surface below the screws, and similarly-projected bearings above said screws, and also provided with a sole-plate having a throat for the lower end of the bit.

14. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-seating frame, having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means for said frame tending to flex the same in one direction between its bearings, and means having a similar tendency in the opposite direction.

15. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-seating frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means intermediate said bearings tending to flex the frame in one direction, and means having a similar tendency in the opposite direction.

16. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-supporting frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means intermediate said bearings on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock tending to flex the frame in one direction, and means having a similar tendency in the opposite direction.

17. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-supporting frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, fastening means intermediate said bearings on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the stock tending to flex the frame in one direction, and means intermediate and directly above such fastening means having a similar tendency on the frame in the opposite direction.

18. A plane comprising a stock having an opening therein, a bit-supporting frame having remotely-situated bearings on the surface of the rear wall of such opening, and formed with substantially centrally located vertical slots on opposite sides of the median line of the width of the frame, screws entering the stock through such slots and exerting an inward or downward pressure upon the frame, and means on the frame having a similar tendency thereon in the opposite direction.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.