Tag: 1856

No. 16,309 – Adjusting Bits Of Carpenter’s Planes (Thomas D. Worrall) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”34″]16309

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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THOMAS D. WORRALL, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

ADJUSTING THE BITS OF CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,309, dated December 23, 1856.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS D. WORRALL, of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, is a top view. Fig. 9, a side elevation. Fig. 3, a vertical and longitudinal section, and Fig. 4, a horizontal and longitudinal section of one of my improved bench planes, the latter section being taken through the pinion gear by which the plane-iron or cutter may be elevated or depressed within the throat of the stock.

In the said drawings, A, denotes the stock, B, the cutter or plane-iron, and, C, the throat of the stock.

In order to hold the plane-iron within the stock, I employ a clamp or piece of metal, D, made so as to embrace a dovetailed rack bar E, fixed to the rear side of the cutter, B, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The clamp is arranged within a cavity or recess, F, formed in the stock and leading out of the rear side of the throat thereof. A female screw, a, is made through the rear part of the clamp and so as to receive a male screw cut on the end of a long rod, G, which extends backward through the stock and has a hexagonal head, c, as shown in the drawings. The rack, E, is provided with teeth on its rear side to cooperate with a pinion, H, arranged and made to turn within the clamp, and to have its shaft, I, extended laterally through the plane stock and formed so as to receive a key, by which it and the pinion may be put in rotation for the purpose of regulating the distance of the cutting edge of the plane-iron relatively to the lower surface of the stock. Such distance having been obtained, the clamp, D, is to be brought into action or to be drawn backward so as to act upon the dovetail of the rack and so as to draw the plane-iron firmly against the rear face or side of the throat and hold said plane-iron in its proper place.

From the above it will be seen that we not only have a means of clamping the plane-iron, but of readily adjusting it in the stock. Furthermore a cap iron, K, is applied to the plane iron for the purpose of enabling it to plane cross grained stud, a top view of said cap and the plane-iron being represented in Fig. 5. Instead of making this cap straight from end to end, or with its under surface a plane surface, as it is usually made, I give to it a curved form throughout its entire length as shown in Fig. 3, and provide the cap with a slot, L, arranged in it as shown in the drawings. A clamp screw, M, extends through the slot and into the plane-iron, the same being for the purpose of confining the cap to the plane-iron. In order to regulate the longitudinal movement of the cap iron, or plane-iron I apply to the cap and plane-iron an adjusting screw, as shown at N. Thus it will be seen that the plane stock is not employed as a bearing for the device by which the cap is held to the plane-iron, such device being entirely independent of the stock.

By making the cap curved in manner as described its lower end may be forced down into perfect contact with the upper surface of the plane-iron, and will not spring there from so as to admit shavings or pieces of wood between it and the cutting edge of the plane while it is in use. It is well known that when the cap is made perfectly flat it is liable to be raised off the iron by slivers or chips which may become wedged between their lower ends, the same serving to interrupt the proper action of the cap. By making the cap in my improved manner and by applying a clamp to it so as to be independent cf the stock in the way above described, I am not only able to effect the proper fixation of the cap iron, but can adjust the plane iron or move it up and down without disturbing the said adjustment of the cap thereon.

I claim —

The arrangement of the rack and pinion and the clamp so that while the pinion is placed within the clamp, the rear or dove-tailed sides of the rack bar shall serve as bearings for the clamp to work against.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature this eighteenth day of September, 1856.

THOMAS. D. WORRALL.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 14,979 – Method Of Securing Plane Bits (Thomas D. Worrall) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”33″]13957

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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THOMAS D. WORRALL, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF SECURING PLANE-BITS.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,979, dated May 27, 1856.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS D. WORRALL, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvemnt in Carpenters’ Molding-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, is a top view, and Fig. 2, a side elevation of a plane containing my improvement. Fig. 3, a vertical, central and longitudinal section of it. Fig. 4, a side view of the clamp to be hereinafter described. Fig. 5, a front view of said clamp. Fig. 6, a front view of the plane iron as removed from its stock.

The nature of my invention consists in an improved arrangement of clamping mechanism, or that used for retaining the plane-iron within the throat of its stock. In the said drawings A, denotes the stock; B, the cutter or plane-iron; and C, the throat of the stock.

In order to hold the plane iron within the stock, I employ a clamp or piece of metal, D, made to extend partially around it or embrace it and to be arranged with respect to it as seen in the drawings, the said clamp being placed in a recess a, leading out of the rear and upper part of the throat and made of a suitable size to allow the clamp to be moved backward far enough to draw the plane iron closely against the surface of the throat. A female screw, b, is formed through the rear part of the clamp and so as to receive a male screw, C’, out on the end of a long rod E, which extends longitudinally through the stock A and from its rear end to the clamp and has a shoulder, d, and a flat head or handle, e, as seen in the drawings. By turning the rod so as to cause the screw, C’, to enter the clamp, the said clamp may be drawn down closely upon the plane-iron so as to confine it closely or firmly in the throat of the stock.

By my arrangement of the confining contrivances, the throat of the plane-iron is not obstructed by any device, extending across it transversely, the plane cutter being held in place by the backward draft of the clamp and the bearing of the rod of the shoulder E, against the rear end of the plane stock.

I do not claim merely holding the plane or cutter in place in its throat by a wedge, screw, or equivalent device forced into the throat and across it and against the plane-iron, but

What I do claim is —

The arrangement of the clamp, D, and the screw rod E with respect to the plane cutter and its stock substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my signature this twenty-seventh day of February A. D. 1856.

THOS. D. WORRALL

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.

No. 14,635 – Spoke Shave (Martin Snow) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”32″]14635

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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MARTIN SNOW, OF NORTH BRIDGEWATER, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPOKE-SHAVE.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,635, dated April 8, 1856.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARTIN SNOW, of North Bridgewater, in the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improved Manufacture of a Knife or Cutter for a Spoke or Heel Shave; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, is a rear edge view or elevation;
Fig. 2, an underside view, and Fig. 3, a transverse section of one of the said articles.
Fig. 4 shows an underside view, and Fig. 5, an edge view of a shave, having said cutter or knife applied to it.

Such knife is constructed of steel and with each of its starts A, A, extending from the blade B, parallel to one another, and with each bent or split in two parts, as seen at a, and b, and so that the outer part or portion b, shall serve as a spring to hold the starts or knife firmly in place within the sockets or receiving holes of the stock, D, when the knife is applied to said stock.

Spoke or heel shave knives as usually affixed to stocks are either confined thereto by separate wedges or screw clamps. The contrivances which I employ to hold the knife in place form one and the same piece with it, as well as parts of its starts.

I am aware that it is not new to hold an article in place by means of a spring, therefore I do not claim such, my invention relating to a new or improved manufacture, which of itself is a new article in the market, and from its peculiar construction is rendered one, which is not only very simple, but one of great utility.

The practical use of such a spoke shave or heel knife for upward of a year has proved that when its starts are so made, there is not the slightest difficulty in maintaining the knife in place by them; the depth of its cut being adjusted by simply driving the starts backward within their socket holes as circumstances may require.

What I claim is –

My new or improved manufacture of a heel or spoke shave knife made of one piece of steel and with both of its starts bent or formed in the shape of springs, in manner as specified.

MARTIN SNOW.

Witnesses:
SHEPARD W. SNOW,
EDWARD SMITH.

No. 14,436 – Bench Plane (Lewis C. Ashley) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”31″]14436

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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LEWIS C. ASHLEY, OF TROY, NEW YORK.

BENCH-PLANE.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,436, dated March 18, 1856.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEWIS C. ASHLEY, of Troy, in the county of Rensselaer and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which —

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a drawing of the adjustable metallic throat piece, detached from the plane stock.

The same letters refer to like parts in both figures.

It is well known to persons accustomed to the use of common bench planes, that in such planes, the mouth of the throat is enlarged and rendered imperfect by the wearing away of the stock. The plane iron or bit has been made adjustable, and also an adjustable metallic throat piece has been attached to the plane iron, to remedy this defect. But I believe that these hitherto known modes of prevention are either inapplicable to bench planes as commonly constructed with wood stocks, or are attended by much inconvenience in “setting” the plane iron.

My invention consists in so combining a metallic throat piece with a plane stock, to keep the mouth of the throat of the plane perfect as the plane stock shall wear away, that the plane iron or bit can be adjusted within or removed from the plane stock without disarranging the said throat piece.

The construction is as follows: A is a common wooden plane stock, with a bit or plane iron, B, fastened by a wedge, C, as usual. The front side c, d, of the throat is made parallel with the bed c’, d’, of the plane iron, as has been sometimes done heretofore. I provide a metallic throat piece, D, and attach it firmly, in an adjustable manner, to the front side c, d, of the throat.

This I effect by means of screw bolts E, having sunken heads, e, fitting in the counter-sunk slots, f, of the throat piece, which bolts are passed through the part A’ of the stock and tightened by the nuts g; or the throat piece may be secured in any other known mode which shall hold it in an adjustable manner, firmly in place. The throat piece is set so that the back part of the face a, shall be “in line” with the face of the stock. I make the forward portion of the face a, a little higher than the back part; so that that part of the stuff to be planed which is immediately in front of the cutting edge of the bit shall be surely held down and not allowed to lift up until just as it is shaved off.

It will be observed that while the metallic throat piece is so constructed and combined with the stock that the mouth of the throat of the plane shall not be enlarged or rendered imperfect by the wearing away of the plane stock, the plane iron can be adjusted or removed from, and reset in the stock, without disturbing the irmly secured throat piece.

I do not broadly claim combining a metallic throat piece with a bench plane in such a manner that the discharging aperture for the shavings shall not be enlarged or rendered imperfect by the wearing away of the plane stock.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent.

Combining a metallic throat piece with a plane stock in a manner independent of the plane iron, substantially as herein described, to keep the mouth of the throat of the plane perfect as the plane stock shall wear away.

LEWIS C. ASHLEY.

Witnesses:
JOHN MORAN,
A. F. PARK.

No. 14,423 – Plane Stock (John B. Thomas) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”30″]14423

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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JNO. B. THOMAS, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

PLANE-STOCK.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,423, dated March 11, 1856.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN B. THOMAS, of the city of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Facing Planes with Glass for Planing Wood; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Similar letters and figures refer to corresponding parts of the improvement.

The nature of my improvement consists in the means employed for protecting the corners of the glass facing to the plane, by inclosing it within a metal band or case, and holding the glass to the stock of the plane used for carrying the bit.

The improvement is applicable to every description of planes.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my improvement I will proceed to describe its construction and operation by referring direct to the accompanying drawings.

Figure A, represents a longitudinal sectional view of the improved plane. Fig. B, is a transverse sectional view of the plane. Fig. C, is a face view of the plane, showing the manner of inclosing the glass face with some metallic substance.

1, represents a case or ferrule into which the glass face 3 is poured, while in a fused or melted state. The lower part of the ferrule is made perfectly true, and placed on a plane or true surface, and the glass face 3, is then poured into it, an opening having been formed by means of a core, or other equivalent, through the glass, for the bit to pass through to the face of the plane, as represented in Fig. A. The glass is held to its place by means of projecting pins or flanges 2, cast or otherwise attached to the inside of the case 1, as represented in Figs. A, and B, thus preventing the glass face from coming out of the case or ferrule, or getting loose.

The stock 4, or upper portion of the plane is made of wood, and employed for carrying the bit 7, and wedge 6, and is connected to the glass face by means of screws 5, passing through the case or ferrule 1, at the ends and sides, as shown in the different drawings, thus firmly uniting the face and stock of the plane, and giving as perfect command over the bit as is had in the ordinary construction of planes.

The glass face will be made from 1/2 to 3/4 of an inch thick, more or less, according to the size and use to which the plane is applied, and the case or ferrule will be made sufficiently wide to firmly unite the stock 4, and face together.

The great advantage arising from the use of a glass face, is in its durability and smoothness, and the plane never becoming untrue on its face or becoming scratched by using the plane on the hardest kinds of woods. The dotted screws represented in Fig. C, extend into the stock 4, of the wood portion of the plane as before mentioned.

Another advantage from the use of my improved plane is the lessening of friction compared with those at present constructed, owing to the smooth surface the glass face will always retain.

What I claim as my improvement and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The glass face 3, combined with the case or ferrule 1, or its equivalent, all substantially as, and for the purposes set forth in the foregoing specifications.

JOHN B. THOMAS.

Witnesses:
L. W. SMITH,
JOSEPH R. DICKEY.

No. 14,363 – Bench Plane (Ebenezer Mathers) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”29″]14363

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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EBENEZER MATHERS, OF MORGANTOWN, VIRGINIA.

BENCH-PLANE.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,363, dated March 4, 1856.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EBENEZER MATHERS, of the town of Morgantown, county of Monongalia, State of Virginia, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, with letters of reference marked thereon.

A, Figure 1, stock of the plane. B, Fig. 1, metal cap, flanged on each side, fitted flush on to the blocks A’, and B’, Fig. 2. C the bit, which is wide as the stock. Above is seen the end of the tang projecting from the bit, up through an opening in the cap made to receive it. D, Fig. 1, set screw for tightening the bit. The throat opens on the left side of the plane. Fig. 2 is a view of the blocks with the cap off, showing the slope of the cut dividing them, also the recess to receive the cap. The dotted line shows where the throat is cut out.

The advantages of this plane are, first, it is not liable to choke as there is nothing to obstruct the shavings; second, the bit may be as wide as the stock, which cannot be the case in the old form of planes. Another advantage is the great facility with which the bit can be adjusted or removed. Lastly, the blocks composing the stock can be removed when worn out and new ones substituted.

This is particularly the case with the front block which always wears out first.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

The construction of bench planes with the stock in two pieces connected by a metal, cap, as above set forth substantially.

EBENEZER MATHERS.

Witnesses:
JOSEPH K. MATHERS,
JOHN H. SNIDER.

No. 14,018 – Spokeshave (Elijah Holmes) (1856)

[paiddownloads id=”28″]14018

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

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ELIJAH HOLMES, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPOKESHAVE.

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Specification of Letters Patent No. 14,018, dated January 1, 1856.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELIJAH HOLMES, of Lynn, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Spokeshaves; and I do hereby declare that the same is fully described and represented in the following speciiication and the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1, represents a top view of a spoke shave provided with my improvement. Fig.
2, is a bottom view of it. Fig. 3, a rear elevation, and Fig. 4, a longitudinal and vertical section of it. Fig. 5, is a transverse and vertical section of it.

My invention relates to the method of adjusting the knife or cutter A, with respect to the stock, B, and for this purpose, and in order to fasten the knife in position, I form the two ends of the knife with chamfers as seen at a, a, in Figs. 3 and 4, and I also form the stock with a dovetail socket or sockets as seen at b, b, to receive said chamfers, they being arranged as seen in the drawings. Through one of these sockets and the stock I extend a screw, c, it being made so that its head shall lap over one of the chamfers, a, as seen in Fig. 4. To this screw I apply a clamp nut as seen at e. When the nut is turned up against the stock, it will draw the head of the screw down upon the knife so as to force the knife longitudinally away from the screw and hard into the opposite socket, b, and so as to confine the knife firmly in place by means of the single screw, its nut and the two sockets. In general two screws are employed to confine the knife in place.

The above mode of fastening not only saves the use and cost of one screw, but enables the knife to be used without having the screw attached directly to it. Each end of the knife rests on a shoulder or plane g, h, (see Fig. 5) which is inclined with respect to the guide i, of the stock, B, and so that by running the knife forward toward the guide, the depression or distance of its cutting edge below the bearing surface of said guide may be changed or increased in order to vary the thickness of the shaving cut by the knife. A rearward movement of the knife will decrease the transverse distance of its cutting edge from the said surface. By means of such inclined shoulders, so arranged with respect to the gage or guide, I am enabled to dispense with the usual movable and adjustable mouth piece and its adjustments commonly applied to spoke shaves.

I do not claim the manner of fastening the knife, viz, by a single-screw clamp, chamfers and sockets as described, but what I do claim is —

Supporting the ends of the knife on planes or shoulders inclined or arranged with respect to the bearing surface of the stock substantially in manner as specified, and so as to enable the distance of the cutting edge of the knife from the said bearing surface to be changed in the way and for the purpose as explained.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature this sixteenth day of October A. D. 1855.

ELIJAH HOLMES.

Witnesses:
R. H. EDDY,
F. P. HALE, Jr.