Tag: Blade Adjustment

No. 202,918 – Improvement In Carpenters’ Planes (Leonard Bailey) (1878)

[paiddownloads id=”291″]202918

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN CARPENTERS’ PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 202,918, dated April 30, 1878; application filed February 20, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have made certain new and useful Improvements pertaining to Carpenters’ Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a side view of the plane. Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section of the plane. Fig. 3 is a detail view of a modification hereinafter described.

The invention is a new adjustment for plane bits or irons, particularly adapted to metallic planes.

The letter a denotes a stud borne and having longitudinal play in a corresponding socket in the riser b. Its lower end bears a male screw-thread meshing into the round nut c, which lies in the socket d in the riser b. It is by the rotation of this nut by the hand or fingers of the operator that the stud-pin a is advanced or retracted. The top of this stud bears, when advanced, against the under side of the bit or iron e, thus availing to fasten it in place. When this stud-pin is retracted its hold on the bit is loosened. This stud-pin bears near the top a screw-pin, f, furnished with an operating-handle, g. When this pin f runs through the stud a its thread is right-handed, denoted by the letter h. Below this right-hand thread the pin is furnished with a left-hand thread, and this left-hand thread bears the button j, and this button bears the stud or pin k, entering one or the other of the series of holes l in the plane-bit.

This use of a right and left hand thread enables me to adjust the plane-bit with great rapidity and small movement, and is available for this purpose, whether it be hung in the stud a, or run through a rigid projection from the plane-body.

This use of a right and left hand thread also enables me to make the screw work in the stud without pinning it in or placing collars on the screw-shaft each side of the stud. This is not only an advantage in making, but also in using, the screw-shaft being removable without taking out such a pin or taking off such collars.

The pin f may, in some cases, have but a single thread, and in such case the button j is made stationary on the pin, but in such manner that the pin can turn in the button. This can be attained by the modification shown in fig. 3.

There is a feature of novelty connected with the handle g. This handle is hinged or pivoted to the end of the screw f. Ordinarily it stands out like a crank-arm, as shown in the drawings, and forms a ready means of rotating the screw f; but it has a peculiar advantage when a screw or other rotating shaft is employed in a plane adjustment and in a relation similar to that herein described.

When the plane-bit is adjusted high up in the plane, so that its upper end covers the joint or hinge between the screw and this handle, obviously this handle cannot have a complete rotation while standing out at any considerable angle from the screw. In such case the handle is rotated crank fashion till it comes up against the bit. It is then swung over on its pivot to the opposite side of the screw, when its rotation crank fashion can be continued.

I am aware that to accomplish the adjustment of a plane-bit within contracted limits a differential screw has been used, such screw consisting of a hollow or tubular thumb-screw, threaded both interiorly and exteriorly, and engaging a screw carrying the bit-connection. My screw differs from this, in so far as it is differential, in that it is a double-threaded screw of one piece, one of its threaded portions working within the bearing that supports the screw, and the other entering and working within a nut carrying the plane-bit.

I claim as my invention —

1. The double-threaded adjusting-screw f, made in one piece, and having a right-hand thread working in its support or bearing and a left-hand thread working in the bit-carrying nut, in combination with a plane body and bit, substantially as described.

2. In combination, stud a, nut c, adjusting-screw f, button j, bearing-pin k, and the plane-bit, all substantially as described.

3. The combination of the plane-bit, the button j, the stud a, and the rotating shaft f, provided with the pivoted handle g.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
ROBT. F. GAYLORD,
WM. E. SIMONDS.

No. 198,180 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Heinrich Baecker) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”287″]198180

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HEINRICH BAECKER, OF REMSCHEID, GERMANY.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 198,180, dated December 18, 1877.; application filed October 8, 1877.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HEINRICH BAECKER, of Remscheid, Germany, have invented Improvements in the Construction of Planes, of which the following is a specification:

This invention relates to bench-planes, the common form of which consists of a stock in which the plane-iron is fastened by means of wedges. These plane-irons are, in their main part, composed of an iron plate, to the end of which a strip or facing of steel is attached to form the cutting-edge. Such planes are deficient in many respects. They are rendered expensive by the forging operation necessary to unite the main part of the plane-iron and its steel facing, which mode of manufacture often ruins the structure. The mode of their production frequently renders the said irons defective by destroying the high quality required for the steel cutting-edge. Such irons require to be bulky, and therefore more difficult to grind, and on account of the limited extent of their steel portion must soon be destroyed when frequently ground.

My invention relates to that class of planes wherein the iron or bit is composed of a plate having an even thickness, and composed entirely of steel — such an iron or bit as may be sharpened until its length is so diminished that it can no longer be supported in the stock.

My invention consists in the means for securing and adjusting such an iron or bit in the plane-stock, the details of which are too fully hereinafter set forth to need preliminary description.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, in which like reference-characters indicate the same parts, Figure 1 is a plan view, and Fig. 2 an edge view, of the plane iron or bit; Fig. 3 is a plan view, and Fig. 4 an edge view, of the upper break-iron. Fig. 5 is a plan view, and Fig. 6 an edge view, of the under break-iron, with the adjusting mechanisms attached; Fig. 7, a view of the clamping mechanism. Fig. 8 shows the clamping-screw, and Fig. 9 an operating-key. Fig. 10 shows an adjusting-screw. Fig. 11 is a vertical section of all the parts fitted together in operative position. Fig. 12 is a plan view, and Fig. 13 an edge view, of a rabbet-plane iron, and Fig. 14 is a modification of the mode of fastening the iron or bit in place.

The steel iron or bit 5 is composed of a thin sheet of steel, of even thickness, which is sharpened at its bottom edge, and it is provided with a slot, 2, extending centrally from its top edge to a distance beyond its middle part. It is adjusted in the plane-stock between two break-irons, 8 9, one of which (the lower, 9) is secured to the plane-stock. The iron or bit lies between these break-irons, as in Fig. 11, and the said devices are fastened securely together by means of a clamping-screw, 10, whose stem passes through a hole, 11, in the under break-iron 9, through the slot 2 in the iron or bit, and enters a screw-threaded hole, 12, tapped into the upper break-iron 8. When the iron or bit is properly adjusted between these break-irons, it may be firmly secured by properly tightening said clamping-screw. The upper break-iron 8 and the plane iron or bit are prevented from moving laterally with respect to the under break-iron 9 by means of a pin, 13, projecting from the inner face of the under break-iron 9, passing through the slot 2 of the iron or bit, and entering a hole, 14, in the upper break-iron 8. The parts thus held together are secured in the mortise in the plane-stock 15 by means of an arm, 16, projecting rearward from the under break-iron, and fastened to the stock 15 by means of a screw. The lower end of the under break-iron rests upon one side of the mortise, where it is secured by screws 40, while the front surface of the end of the upper break-iron rests upon the other side of said mortise, the devices being thus held steadily in place.

In order that the iron or bit 5 may be adjusted while its break-irons are hired in the mortise in the plane-stock, the head 6 of the clamping-screw is provided with gear-teeth, fitting a worm, 4, the shank 7 of which turns in arms 17 18 projecting from the rear face of the under break-iron 9. The shank 7 of this worm is provided with a squared head, 19, which fits a similar socket in a turning-key, 20.

By these devices the said clamping-screw 10 may be turned in and out of the screw-threaded hole 12 by inserting the key 20 through a hole (not shown) in the side of the plane-stock, engaging the same with the head 19 and operating said key in the proper direction.

In order to adjust the plane-iron vertically with respect to the break-irons and plane-stock, and thus protrude its cutting-edge the desired distance, each of the break -irons is provided with slots in which a pin connected with said plane-iron may freely play. The slot in the upper break-iron is marked 21, and that in the lower break-iron is marked 22. The pin 23, operating the iron 5, projects from a hub, 24, and enters one of two holes, 25 26, with which said plane-iron is provided. An ad-
justing-screw, 27 , having a screw-threaded shank, which runs in a threaded hole tapped through the hub 24, is supported in a collar, 30, fast to the underbreak-iron, and its squared head (adapted to fit the socket of the turning-key 20) projects above the plane-stock. This construction permits the rotation of said screw 27 to raise or lower the hub 24, and to impart a like movement to the plane-iron without disturbing the break-irons.

It is evident that in order to adjust the plane-iron in either direction the clamping-screw 10 must be first loosened, whereupon the adjusting movement may be imparted by means of the adjusting-screw 27. This done, the iron may be again secured by operating the clamping-screw 10.

Furthermore, if it is desired to remove the plane-iron it may be done when the break-irons are adjusted so as not to clamp and hold the said iron.

In the modification , Figs. 12, 13, 14, which represent the irons of a rabbet-plane, the devices are constructed substantially as before described, except that the adjusting-screw 27 is omitted, and the clamping-screw is adapted by means of a squared head to be operated by means of the turning-key, which operation may be the more readily effected by having the head of said screw project from the front side of the upper break-iron, the under break-iron, in this instance, being provided with the screw-threaded hole 12.

What is claimed is —

1. The combination of the plane iron or bit 5, upper and under break-irons 8 9, and clamping-screw 10, substantially as described.

2. The combination of the plane iron or bit 5, upper break-iron 8, having hole 14, under break-iron 9, having projecting pin 13, and clamping-screw 10, substantially as described.

3. The combination of the plane iron or bit 5, break-irons 8 9, clamping-screw 10, worm 4, and geared head 6, substantially as described.

4. The combination of the break-irons 8 9, having slots 21 22, with the plane iron or bit 5, having a slot, 2, pin 23, and adjusting-screw 27, substantially as described.

5. An improved plane, consisting of a bit having an equal thickness throughout its length, and a slot, 2, break-irons 8 9, clamping-screw 10, and an adjusting mechanism, as screw 27 and pin 23, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HEINRICH BAECKER.

Witnesses:
BERNH. SCHENK,
FRANZ MAYENBARN.

No. 196,450 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Charles H. Hawley) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”286″]196450

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES H. HAWLEY, OF HARTFORD, CONN., ASSIGNOR TO LEONARD BAILEY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 196,450, dated October 23, 1877; application filed October 1, 1875.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. HAWLEY, of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a side view with a part of the side of the plane broken away. Fig. 2 is a top view, with the plane-iron and cap-plate removed. Fig. 3 is a view of the parts shown in Fig. 2 in transverse vertical section, on plane x x, looking in the direction indicated by the arrow. Fig. 4 is a top view of the cap-plate. Fig. 5 is a bottom view of the iron.

The plane is a metallic one — body, &c., of cast-iron, by preference.

The letter a denotes the floor of the plane, and b b the sides, cast in one piece with the floor; c, a transverse upright, cast in the same piece to which is secured the bed d by screws e e. On this bed lies the plane-iron f, its front end running down to the throat. Underneath the bed is hung, on pin g, the scroll-disk h, which rotates on the pin. A grooved scroll is cut into the upper face of disk h. (Partly seen in Fig. 2.) In the bed d is hung the reciprocating follower i, through which runs the pin j, fast in the follower, its lower end projecting into the scroll-groove, and its upper end projecting, when the plane-iron is in its place, into one of the transverse grooves f’, made in the under side of the plane-iron, so that the iron must then reciprocate longitudinally with the follower i. These reciprocations are given by the rotation of the scroll-disk, and the purpose thereof is to allow the fine longitudinal adjustment of the plane iron or bit.

The location of the scroll-disk just underneath the plane-iron bed is important, as it enables me to make direct connection between the scroll-disk and the iron or bit without the intervention of levers and the like, and it brings this disk into position for manipulation by the workman.

I am aware of the patent of J. A. Traut, January 16, 1877, No. 186,281, wherein the scroll-disk is applied directly to the chisel or plane-iron; but this construction is objectionable, in that the rotation of the disk moves the chisel sidewise, and makes it bind; and it also disturbs the true adjustment of the cutting-edge.

I am also aware of the patent of J. F. Baldwin, November 25, 1873, No. 144,823, which shows a slide or other device intermediate between the plane-iron or chisel and an adjusting-screw; but this construction is likewise objectionable and defective, and neither attains the same ends as a scroll for operating a plane-iron, between which is interposed a follower independent of both, but co-operating therewith.

This last-named construction is peculiar to my plane, and has marked advantages over the other, and especially in that by it I am enabled to adjust the chisel accurately and easily.

The essential feature of my invention is , thus, the independent intermediate follower, constructed and arranged as above specified.

The cap-plate is serves to secure the iron or bit in its place when adjusted. It is provided on the sides with wings k’, which slide into slots or mortises l, cut obliquely in the inner faces of the two sides of the plane-body, entering at the rear ends of these slots.

The cap-plate, when in place, acts as a lever, of which the wings k’ are the fulcra, and by turning down the screw m, the iron or bit is pinched by the front end of the cap-plate and by the screw.

This method of giving fulera has important advantages. The whole space between the sides of the body is left open and unobstructed, so that the chisel can be laid flatly down to its place without having to shove it under a cross-bar, or under lugs projecting from the sides, as has been the practice heretofore.

In these planes, which have no regular handle, it is necessary to have something to serve in the place thereof for the palm of the hand to rest upon. I attain this end by putting a semi-sphere or convex plate, a, upon the head of the screw m, which is thereby made to serve the purpose of a handle, and of a head for the screw.

I claiam as my invention —

The independent follower i, arranged between the scroll-disk and the chisel, and having pin j projecting from both sides, so as to enter the serrations f’ in the plane iron or bit f on one side, end the groove or channel in the scroll-disk h, on the other side, substantially as and for the purpose described.

CHARLES H. HAWLEY.

Witnesses:
JAMES HOLLEY,
ROALD ARENTZ.

No. 195,481 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Henry M. Clark) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”283″]195481

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY M. CLARK, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 195,481, dated September 25, 1877; application filed August 6, 1877.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY M. CLARK, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Devices for Adjusting Plane-Irons, of which the following is a specification:

My invention consists in the employment of a transverse slide. provided with an inclined slot and operating screw, and also in the peculiar construction of the parts, as hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a device for adjusting plane-irons which embodies my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the same on line x x of Fig. 1, with cap and plane-iron removed, the same being viewed from a point at right angles to the face of the frog; and Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the same on line y y of Fig. 2.

The stock A may be any of the ordinary kinds, and the frog B can be secured thereto in any proper manner. Transversely to the frog B is a recess or depression, a, which is made shallow on the right-hand side of the frog and deep on the left-hand side of the frog. The body of a screw, b, passes through the solid metal of the frog just under the shallow portion of the depression a, and the screw proper extends into the deeper portion of said depression.

The outer end of the screw b is provided with a suitable head or handle, c, for operating said screw, and it is prevented from longitudinal movement by shoulders at each end of its bearing in the frog.

Fitted to move in the depression a is a slide, C, having an inclined slot, d, and threaded lug e, through which lug the screw b passes. By turning the screw the slide may be moved endwise either to the right or left, as may be desired.

Another slide, D, is fitted to slide longitudinally in a recess in the frog B, and the upper end of this longitudinal slide is provided on its under side with a projecting pin or stud, f Fig. 3, also indicated by broken lines in Fig. 2, which pin or stud engages the side walls of the inclined slot in the slide C. In the lower end of the longitudinal slide is an orifice to receive the head of the ordinary cap-screw, which orifice, g, Fig. 2, may be elongated somewhat from right to left, so that the plane-irons F may be moved sidewise a little to bring the end of the cutting-bit square with the face of the stock.

When the transverse slide is moved endwise, by means of the operating screw, the side walls of the inclined slot d engage the pin or stud f and move the longitudinal slide and plane-irons.

If the slide C is moved to the right, the Iongitudinal slide D is forced downward, carrying the plane-irons with it, and, if moved to the left, the plane-irons are drawn upward into the stock with said slide.

If desired, instead of connecting the longitudinal slide to the plane-irons through means of the ordinary cap-screw, a stud may be attached directly to the cutting-iron, and received in the orifice at the lower end of the longitudinal slide.

My adjustment is very cheaply constructed, and adjusts the plane-iron with ease and smoothness.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a device for adjusting plane-irons, the transverse slide, provided with inclined slot and operating mechanism for moving said slide transversely to the plane-iron, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a device for adjusting plane-irons, the screw b, set transversely to the frog, and secured from longitudinal movement, in combination with the incline slotted slide, provided with threaded lug e, which receives the adjusting-screw, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

HENRY M. CLARK.

Witnesses:
T. A. CONKLIN,
JAMES SHEPARD.

No. 192,132 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Samuel D. Sargent) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”279″]192132

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL D. SARGENT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 192,132, dated June 19, 1877; application filed November 4, 1876.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL D. SARGENT, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification:

My invention consists, in a device for adjusting plane-bits, of a link constructed to operate in the manner hereinafter shown and described.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a bench-plane which embodies my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same with the cap and plane-irons removed. Figs. 3 and 4 are side elevations, showing diifcrent modifications of the adjusting mechanism for said plane; and Fig. 5 is a diagram to aid in the explanation of my invention.

A designates the stock, and B the handle, both of which may be of any ordinary form and of any suitable material.

The object of my invention is to provide cheap, simple, and eflicient means for adjusting the cutting-bit in its proper position within the stock.
C designates the bit, which may be either a single or double iron, as may be desired. Upon the under side of said bit a series of alternate ribs and channels are formed, as shown in Fig. 1. Upon the under side of the frog a, which frog is the bed upon which the plane iron or bit rests, there is a screw, b, which, in Fig. 1, is a fixed stud threaded externally, and upon it is a larger screw, c, threaded internally to fit the screw b, and externally to fit the nut d, which it carries, the external. thread of the screw c being one banded, and its internal thread and thread of the screw b being threaded in the reverse direction. The larger screw c is also provided with a suitable head, D, or operating-handle.

To the nut d of the screw c one end of a link, e, is secured, and its opposite end lies loosely in a longitudinal slot formed in the frog a, as shown in Fig. 2. This lower end of the link e has a thin projection, which projects a little above the face of the frog, and engages in one of the grooves or channels formed in the under side of the bit, and it is necessary that the link at this end shall rest on ways or other support, so that said end cannot disengage from the plane-bit. The link between its two ends must be clear of all bearings, so as to allow of its free movement. The ordinary holding-cap E, or other proper means, holds the bit in place.

By turning the screw c in one direction the nut d is forced toward the frog a, carrying with it that end of the link e, and, as said link cannot change its length, it follows that the lower end, which is engaged with the cutting-bit, must move downward in the slot in the frog a, and, being so engaged. it must also force the cutting-bit downward with it. By turning the screw in the opposite direction the bit is drawn upward.

The link, for convenience’ sake, is made crooked; but its operation is the same, so long as it is sufficiently rigid, as if it was formed on a straight line between its ends — that is, from the point at which it is secured to the nut to its projecting point at the time of the frog. The operation of this link is, perhaps, more clearly illustrated by reference to the diagram, Fig. 5. The screw, the frog, and the link together form a triangle. In Fig. 5 the side J K is the base of the triangle, and represents the axial line of the screw; the side J 1 the perpendicular, and represents the face line of
the frog, and the side K 1 the hypotenuse, and represents the axial line of the link.

ln the adjustment of the plane iron with this triangular mechanism the link or hypotenuse of the triangle is made to change its position; but it is so confined that its two ends will always be one on the base-line, and the other on the perpendicular-Iine, of a triangle. Three different positions of the link are represented in Fig. 5 — the first by the solid line K 1, the second by the broken line L 2, and the third by the dotted line M 3 — by which it will be seen that, as one end of the hypotenuse is changed in such direction as to shorten the base, the vertex of the vertical angle is carried away from the base. In the diagram the vertex of the vertical angle is changed about one-eighth of an inch for every change there represented. A link engaging with a plane-bit, and changing its position in like manner, would move said bit one-eighth of an inch for every such change.

In Fig. 1 there is a compound screw, hereinbefore described. Its object is to get all the advantage of a fine-threaded screw and the speed of a coarse-threaded one. Such compound screw moves the nut fd just twice as far as it would be moved by it single screw having the same number of threads to an inch, whereby a less number of revolutions of the screw are required in order to effect the desired adjustment than with a single screw.

In Fig. 3 a single screw, F, is shown; but the link and nut are the same as those shown in Fig. 1. The screw is also set at an oblique angle to the face of the frog, in which position the movement of the nut endwise on the screw gives a greater range of motion to the lower end of the link than it would otherwise have.

In Fig. 4 two links, f g, are employed, and jointed together at their meeting ends. The link g is confined to the frog at one end to prevent longitudinal movement. An arm or extension at one end of the link f rests in at grooved nut, h, working on the screw G, and the opposite end of said link f plays loosely in a slot in the frog, as before described for the link e, the object of the additional link g in said rnodification being merely to give a little more throw to the adjustment.

In all of the modifications and mechanisms herein described the link e is employed and arranged to operate substantially the same.

I claim as my invention —

In a device for adjusting plane-bits, the link e, constructed to operate substantially as shown and described, for the purpose set forth.

SAMUEL D. SARGENT.

Witnesses:
FRED. N. STANLEY,
T. A. CONKLIN.

No. 189,415 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Leonard Bailey) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”276″]189415

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 189,415, dated April 10, 1877; application filed February 16, 1877.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, whereby a person skilled in the art can make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Like letters in the figures indicate the same parts.

My improvement relates to such bench-planes as are provided with an adjustment for regulating the depth of cut while the bit remains set in the stock.

My invention has for its object a better means of accomplishing the adjustment of the cutting-edge of the bit or iron in the throat of the stock, so as to produce the desired result; and it consists in the mechanical combination and arrangement of the several parts, as will be hereinafter described, and as an improvement upon Letters Patent granted to me December 12, 1876, No. 185,280.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a side view of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a top view with the cap and bit removed, so as to show the top of the adjusting mechanism. Fig. 3 is a top view of the bit or iron removed from the stock. Fig. 4 is a view of the back or under side of the adjusting mechanism removed from the stock.

A is the stock. B is the bit or iron. C is a cap, corresponding to the wedge, for holding the bit in place. It is provided with ears which enter into slots in the stock, and its lower edge rests upon the bit. It is provided with the set-screw D, operated by the handle E, for clamping the bit firmly down upon its bed.

F is a milled head for operating the adjusting mechanism. It has the pinon G, which turns with it and gears into the wheel H. Both of these wheels turn upon axes fixed in the plate I.

The wheel H is provided with the cam-slot J, in which runs the stud K, which also passes through the plate I, which is furnished with a straight slot, and is attached to the link L. This link moves longitudinally in a groove in the upper side of the plate I, and lies immediately under and next to the bit B when it is in place. The stud M upon the lower end of the link enters into one of the holes N in the bit, and communicates motion to it from the cam-slot in the wheel H when the milled-headed wheel F is turned.

By means of my invention a regular and slow motion can be given to the bit to advance or withdraw it through the throat of the stock.

It will also be observed that on account of the multiplying wheels G and H, the cam can be made short, not to exceed a complete turn, so that it can be constructed with a variable inclination, and be of such a form that at any point an equal amount of turn in the head F will advance the bit an equal amount. This gives the user of the tool a better control over the movement of the cutting-edge, and enables him to set it exactly without waste of time.

What I claim as my invention is —

The combination of the longitudinally-slot ted bed-plate I, the link L, provided with the studs M K, the pinion G, and the gear-wheel H, having the cam-slot J, constructed to operate as shown and described, and for the purpose specified.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
THEO. G. ELLIS,
WILMOT HORTON.

No. 186,998 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Henry A. Foss) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”275″]186998

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY A. FOSS, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 186,998, dated February 6, 1877; application filed January 9, 1877.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY A. FOSS, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a side view, and in Fig. 2 a longitudinal central section; and Fig. 3, a modiication.

This invention relates to an improvement in the method of adjusting the bit or iron of bench-planes. It consists in the arrangement of a differential screw, one portion of which is connected with the bit, the other with the stationary nut, and so that, by turning the screw, the iron will be moved only the difference between the thread of the two parts, as more fully hereinafter set forth.

A is the body of the plane; B, the handle; C, the bit or plane-iron, held in place by the clamp D, all in substantially the usual manner. Referring to Fig. 2, the screw is shown as made in two parts. In rear of the bit C, and in a line substantially parallel thereto, one part, E, of the screw is arranged, its lower end supported in a suitable socket, F, and with an arm, G, extending toward the bit, and connected therewith through the cap-screw H or otherwise, so that the movement of the screw will move the bit accordingly. Onto the part E of the screw the second tubular part L of the screw is set, threaded both inside and out, the inside thread corresponding to the thread of the part E, and either coarser or finer than the thread on the outside of the part L — that is, so that there be a substantial diierence in the two threads. The part L is placed in a stationary nut, N, and is provided with a suitable head, P, by which it may be turned. The screw-threads are both the same — that is, both right or left hand threads, as may be desirable — therefore, by turning the part L so as to run it downward, the part E will correspondingly run up into the part L, and the downward movement of the part L will be only the diderence between the two threads; as, for instance, suppose the external thread ofthe part L to be twenty, and that of the part E thirty, then a full revolution of the part L would run that screw down one-twentieth of an inch, and draw the part E up one-thirtieth of an inch; hence the downward movement of the part L would be one-sixtieth of an inch, and the bit would be moved accordingly. This enables a very iine and delicate adjustment of the bit, but yet positive and firm in its operation.

Instead of making the differential screw in two parts, as in Fig. 2, it may be a single piece, as in Fig. 3, the upper part L engaging in the nut in the same manner as the first illustration, the lower part E working in a connection which extends to the bit; making therefore the same difference between the two parts E and L, the same result will be attained.

I am aware that various devices have been used in bench-planes for the mechanical adjustment of the bit, and that among these a single screw has been used; I therefore do not wish to be understood as broadly claiming such a mechanical device; but

What I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

ln combination with the body and bit of a bench-plane, a differential screw, one part working in connection with the bit, the other in a stationary nut, substantially as and for the purpose described.

HENRY A. FOSS.

Witnesses:
AUSTIN HART,
MICHAEL T. TOOMEY.

No. 186,281 – Improvement In Devices For Adjusting Plane-Irons (Justus A. Traut) (1877)

[paiddownloads id=”274″]186281

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN DEVICES FOR ADJUSTING PLANE-IIRONS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 186,281, dated January 16, 1877; application filed January 24, 1876.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Devices for Adjusting Plane Irons, of which the following is a specification:

My invention consists in the employment, in a plane-stock, of a revolving handle provided with a scroll-thread upon its face, all as hereinafter described:

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section of a plane, showing an adjusting device which embodies my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of detached parts thereof, showing the frog and scroll-thread.

The stock A and handle B may be of any ordinary construction, and either of wood or iron. The cap-plate C and plane-iron D, together with the fastening device E, may also be of any construction now known. Upon an arm, a, or other support secured. to the body of the stock A, I place a revolving handle, b, the edge of which is made ina convenient form to be rotated by hand, and the upper face of which is provided with a scroll-thread, c. This revolving handle and scroll is so secured to the stock; that its face will be nearly in line with the face of the frog d, which supports the plane-iron. I form a lug, g, on the cap-plate C, which projects downward, and through the slot in the plane-iron D. The plane-iron and its cap-plate are secured together by the screw it in the ordinary manner, so that both move together. The lug g is so placed in the cap-plate that when in position for use, as shown in Fig. 1, it engages with the scroll-thread c.

By rotating the handle b in one direction the lug g will be thrown toward the outer end of the scroll, and it will carry the cap-plate and plane-iron with it, and draw them into the stock A. By reversing the movement of the scroll-thread the lug and plane-iron are carried in the opposite direction, whereby any desired adjustment of the plane-iron may be effected.

I have herein described the lug g as set in the cap-plate C; but it is evident that the result would be the same in case the lug g were set in the plane-iron D, and that more than one lug might be employed, if desired.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

ln a plane-stock, the revolving handle b, provided with a scroll-thread, c, upon its face, constructed and operating substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
T. A. CONKLIN,
JAMES SHEPARD.

No. 185,280 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Leonard Bailey) (1876)

[paiddownloads id=”272″]185280

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

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Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 185,280, dated December 12, 1876; application filed August 31, 1876.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where —

Figure 1 is a side view of a plane bearing my improvements. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on plane x x, looking rearward, as denoted by arrow A, with the plane-irons and fastening cap removed. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on plane y’ y’, looking forward, as denoted by arrow B, with the operating-disk removed. Fig. 4 is a detail view of the rear side of the plane-irons.

The invention is an apparatus or attachment for moving the iron or chisel up and down within limits — that is, for adjusting the chisel.

The letter a denotes the body of an iron plane; b, the bed for the chisel, to the back of which, by screw c, is fastened the bed-elongation d. On shaft-pin e, which projects from the back side of elongation d, is hung, rotarily, the operating-disk f, by which I mean, the disk operated by the user in order to adjust the chisel. On the same shaft-pin, and rigid with the disk f is hung the pinion g, meshing into the gear-segment h, hung on the pin i, projecting from the back of elongation d. In groove i, made in the front side of elongation d, lies and travels the slide k, and a pin, l, projecting rigidly from its back, runs through the mortise m in elongation d, and through the slot n in gear-segment h.

The head of screw o, which holds the two chisels together, lies in the round hole at the lower end of slide k, so that, when the chisels are in place, they and the slide must move together. By rotating the disk f one way or the other, the pinion g and gear segment h are correspondingly rotated, and the pin l, and with it the slide k and irons or chisels, moved up or down correspondingly. When adjusted, the chisels are held to plane in a common manner by means of fastening-cap p and screw v.

I claim as my invention —

1. In combination, bed-elongation d, disk and pinion f g, gear-segment h, and pin l, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In combination, disk and pinion f g, gear-segment h, and slide k, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
M. F. DOOLEY,
ROBT. F. GAYLORD.