Tag: Blade Setting

No. 545,732 – Plane (Edmund A. Schade) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”516″]545732

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDMUND A. SCHADE, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 545,732, dated September 3, 1895.
Application filed June 5, 1895. Serial No. 551,754. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND A. SCHADE, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and especially to that class of tools commonly known as “smoothing-planes,” and it has for its object to provide an improved supporting and adjusting device for the plane-knife or plane-iron, whereby the same can be quickly and accurately adjusted with relation to the work to be done, and also to provide an improved clamping device for said plane knife or iron, whereby the same will be firmly held against vibration in the use of the plane.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a plane embodying my improvements, parts of said figure being shown in full lines. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the plane, illustrating certain features of the construction, a part thereof being shown in section. Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken in line a a, Fig. 1, looking toward the right hand; and Fig. 4 is a top view of the improved clamping device detached, a part thereof being broken away.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

This improved plane, in the preferred form thereof herein shown, consists of a suitable stock or body, designated generally as 100, adapted for co-operating with those elements in which my invention particularly resides. This stock 100 is shown as provided with a suitable handle 55 at one end thereof and with the usual actuating-knob 60 at the opposite end thereof. The stock has formed in its sole the usual transverse mouth 10, the forward wall of which is designated 11 and the rearward wall as 12.

In the rear of the mouth 10 the stock is provided with a plane-iron carrier seat or support 13 of a construction suitable for the purpose herein set forth. This carrier seat or support 13 is shown as having its upper face 14 thereof preferably on a plane parallel with the sole of the stock and thereby forms a horizontal carrier-support for the plane-iron carrier-bracket and is preferably integrally connected with said stcck and extends transversely entirely across the stock, being united with the mouth of the plane by means of an inclined portion 15. This carrier seat or support 13 is somewhat thicker in cross-section than the sole of the stock to adapt it to receive the locking devices of the plane-iron or knife-carrier hereinafter described. Instead of the seat or support 13 extending entirely across the stock, the knife-carrier seat or support may, if desired, consist of a pair of longitudinal shoulders on a plane parallel with the sole of the stock and extending inwardly a short distance from the sides of the plane.

In this case, however, an intermediate horizontal support must be provided to receive the locking devices of the knife-carrier, hereinafter described. When the seat or support 13 is constructed of a solid member extending entirely across the stock, as is the preferable construction, said carrier support or seat has a recess 16 therein forming two parallel longitudinal guideways 17, Fig. 3. A knife or plane-iron carrier or bracket 20 is adjustably supported on the carrier seat or support by means of binding-screws 21, hereinafter described, and is adapted to slide in the guideways 17, and has a recess 18 in its under side to engage the guideways 17 of the carrier support or seat. This carrier-bracket is shown as having a vertically-inclined side 22 relative to the sole of the stock, adapted to receive the plane iron or knife 23, and is provided at its under side with a horizontal bearing-face parallel with the face 14 of the support 13, and is adapted to slide on said carrier support or seat. The carrier is extended below its horizontal face 14 to form a support 24 for the lower end of the knife, and is preferably V-shaped, to permit the under edge thereof to be inclined parallel with the inclined portion 15, connecting the mouth of the stock and the carrier seat or support. A suitable adjusting device for the plane-iron carrier-bracket, designated in a general way by A, is provided for adjusting said carrier-bracket and thereby the knife relative to the mouth of the stock, and is shown comprising suitable bracket-arm 26, preferably integrally connected to the stock of the plane, and in the upper end of which a threaded spindle 27, provided with a suitable thumb-nut 23, is journaled, the screw end thereof working in a suitable screw-threaded recess in the rear side of the carrier. By turning said thumb-nut the carrier-bracket will be adjusted to the desired position by sliding upon its horizontal support or seat toward or from the mouth of the stock.

In order to adjustably secure or clamp the carrier-bracket upon its seat or support 13, binding-screws 21 are preferably used and are passed through elongated slots 31 in that portion of the carrier which has its upper face in a plane parallel with the lower or seat-engaging face of the carrier-support, in order that the carrier may be moved relatively to its seat or support without effecting the positioning of the binding-screws, and to permit this the carrier is shown as having recesses 23 countersnnk therein and communicating with the inclined face 22 of said carrier. Washers 30 are disposed between the heads of the binding-screws and the horizontal upper face of the carrier-bracket, and said carrier-bracket, by means of the elongated slots 31, can be adjusted in longitudinal direction of the stock by means of the adjusting device A, hereinbefore described. By this particular construction and organization of the plane-iron or knife-supporting members of the plane iron or knife a perfect adjustment of the plane is obtained, and, moreover, a perfectly rigid support for the plane-iron or knife-carrier-bracket is provided. Any suitable means for vertically adjusting the plane-iron may be used, but is shown as comprising a lever 35, pivoted at 36 to the carrier, and having its upper end in engagement with the cap-plate 23′ for actuating the same toward and from the plane-mouth, and thereby moving the plane-iron in the same direction. This lever has the usual forked tailpiece 37 engaged by a peripheral groove in an adjusting-nut 38, which works longitudinally upon a screw or threaded post 39, fixed to the carrier.

As a means for clamping the plane-knife 23 and its usual cap-plate 23′ in position, I have provided an improved clamping device, designated in a general way by B, and which comprises a main clamping-lever having a supplemental clamping-lever connected therewith, and thereby forming a double clamping-lever, which, in the preferred form thereof, is shown consisting of a main clamping-lever 40, working on a fulcrum-screw 41, disposed on the carrier-bracket and having pivoted to its upper end the usual actuating cam-lever 42, having its cam-face 43 in operative engagement with the upper face of the cap-plate.

Pivotally connected to the main clamping-lever 40, at any suitable place thereon, and projecting beyond the lower clamping end of said lever, is a supplemental clamping-lever 45 of any suitable construction adapted for the purpose herein set forth and of comparative flexibility relative to the main clamping-lever. The main clamping-lever 40 has recesses 46, and is provided with laterally-projecting pins or studs 47, upon which the supplemental clamping-lever is adapted to swing by means of suitable ears or lugs 48, having apertures therein adapted to engage said pins or studs. As a means for adjusting this supplemental lever, the upper end thereof is provided with a suitable adjusting device, herein shown as a set-screw 49, adapted to work on the upper surface of the main clamping-lever. This supplemental clamping-lever also has an elongated aperture 51 to permit the fulcrum-stud 41 to be adjusted into position. By means of this improved clamping device, one lever of which is adapted to engage the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping end of the other lever, the knife or plane-iron is firmly held at different points near its working end, and vibration thereof in the use of the plane is substantially eliminated.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is —

1. In a plane, the combination with a stock, and with a plane-iron supported thereon; of a clamping device for the plane-iron comprising two clamps, one of said clamps clamping the plane-iron at a point in advance of the clamping-point of the other clamp, substantially as described.

2. In a plane, the combination with a stock, and with a plane-iron supported thereon; of a clamping device for the plane-iron comprising two clamps, one of said clamps clamping the plane-iron at a point in advance of the clamping-point of the other clamp; and means for separately operating the clamps, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a carrier-bracket supported thereon; a plane-iron adjustably supported on said bracket; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on the carrier-bracket and a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said clamping-lever and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on the stock, and a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main clamping-lever, and adapted to clamp the plane-iron at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever, substantially as described.

5. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a double-lever fulcrumed to the stock, one of said levers clamping the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the other lever, substantially as described.

6. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on the stock; and a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main clamping-lever and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever, substantially as described.

7. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; and clamping means for said plane-iron comprising a double-lever, the main clamping lever thereof being fulcrumed to the stock and the supplemental clamping-lever being pivotally adjustable on said main-lever; and means for adjusting said double-lever, whereby the adjustable action of the combined levers extends to the clamping ends of both the main and supplemental clamping-levers, substantially as described.

8. In a plane, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on said stock; means for adjusting said lever; a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main-lever and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main clamping-lever; and means for adjusting said supplemental-lever relative to the main-lever and independently thereof, substantially as described.

9. In a plane, the combination with the stock having a transverse mouth; of a horizontal carrier-support disposed thereon; and a carrier-bracket having a bearing-face substantially parallel to the horizontal face of the support, and adapted to slide on said support, and also having a vertically-inclined side adapted to support a plane-iron, said inclined side extending below the bearing-face of the horizontal support to support the plane-iron adjacent to the mouth of the stock; a plane-iron adjustably supported on said bracket; means for longitudinally actuating said carrier-bracket relatively to its support; means for adjusting the plane-iron on its inclined support; a cap-plate resting on the plane-iron; and a clamping device for said plane-iron comprising a main clamping-lever fulcrumed to the carrier-bracket; an adjusting device for said main clamping-lever; a supplemental clamping-lever pivotally adjustable on said main-lever, and adapted to clamp the cap-plate at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main-lever; and means for adjusting said supplemental-lever independently of the main-lever, substantially as described.

10. In a plane-iron, the combination with a stock; of a plane-iron adjustably supported on said stock; a cap-plate adapted to rest on said plane-iron; a main clamping-lever fulcrumed on said stock and adapted to clamp said cap-plate and plane-iron; an adjusting device for said main-lever; a supplemental clamping-lever pivoted on the main-lever at a point below the fulcrum-point of said main-lever, and adapted to clamp the cap-plate and plane-iron at a point beyond the clamping-point of the main clamping-lever; and an adjusting device for said supplemental-lever, whereby said supplemental clamping-lever is adjustable independently of the main clamping-lever, substantially as described.

EDMUND A. SCHADE.

Witnesses:
H. S. WALTER,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 536,746 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1895)

[paiddownloads id=”513″]536746

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 536,746, dated April 2, 1895.
Application filed January 12, 1895. Serial No. 584,626. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to planes, and especially to that class of tools, commonly known as smooth-planes; and it has for its object to provide an improved plane, adapted for supporting the plane-knife adjacent to the cutting end thereof, and to do this by means which are adapted for adjusting the position of the plane-knife or iron, relatively to the forward wall of the plane-mouth.

In the drawings, accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a vertical, longitudinal section of a smooth-plane embodying my present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the plane, for illustrating certain features of construction of the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse section, taken in line a–a, Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow, and Fig. 4 is a detail, sectional, plan view of an adjusting device for adjusting the position of the knife carrier, relatively to its seat in the plane.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

My present improvements comprise, in combination with a plane having a transverse mouth, a knife-carrier seat in the rear of, and inclined toward said mouth, a knife carrier supported by said seat, and having a knife-engaging face inclined toward the mouth of the plane at a relatively-greater inclination to the face or sole of the plane, than that of the knife-carrier-engaging face of the knife-carrier seat, the knife-carrier being adapted for movement along said face of its seat, means for securing the knife-carrier against movement relatively to the seat, and a knife adapted to be secured to said knife-engaging face of the carrier, so that, when the carrier is moved relatively to the forward wall of the plane-mouth, the knife itself will also be correspondingly actuated, and the area of the chip-space increased or decreased, in accordance with such movement.

My invention also comprises, in combination with the aforesaid knife-carrier and its support, means for adjusting the carrier upon, and relatively to the support, and holding the carrier in its adjusted position.

The plane-body, which is designated in a general way by B, is, or may be, in its principal features, of any ordinary or desired construction, adapted for co-operating with those elements in which my invention particularly resides, and this plane-body is shown herein, as provided with the usual handle H, at the rearward end thereof, and with the knob or actuating-handle H’, at the forward end of the same. The plane-body has formed in the face or sole thereof, the usual transverse mouth 2, the forward wall of which is designated by 2’; and, rearward of the plane-mouth, the plane-body is shown as having a knife-carrier seat or support inclined toward said mouth, and having its inclined face at a comparatively slight inclination, relatively to the face of the plane. This knife-carrier seat, which is designated herein by S, may be in the form of a solid member, extending transversely entirely across the body of the plane, or it may comprise a pair of similarly-inclined, longitudinal shoulders, extending but a short way from each of the sides of the plane, and inwardly toward the longitudinal center of the same. In the latter case, however, an intermediate, and preferably similarly-inclined member must also be provided, for a purpose which will hereinafter appear. The inclined face of this seat S, is shown herein as relatively adjacent, at its forward end, to the face or sole of the plane, and this inclined face is adapted to receive a knife carrier or bracket, designated in a general way by C, which carrier is organized to support the knife, and to be engaged and held by the seat S, to thereby prevent movement of the carrier relatively to such seat. This seat S, is much thicker at all points than the base 3, of the plane, or at least, is of a considerably greater thickness at a point a short distance in the rear of the rear wall 2” of the plane-mouth, which wall is herein shown, as formed by the forward edge of said seat. The relatively-greater thickness of this knife-carrier seat S, or of a portion of said seat, is necessary for the purpose of forming therein threaded holes, or bores 4–4, with which may engage holding means, preferably in the form of binding-screws 5–5, for securing the carrier C, to said seat.

It will be evident that, if the upper or carrier-engaging face of the seat S were in a plane parallel with the face, or sole 3′ of the frame, the forward end of the bracket would, as in the present practice, lie so far above the sole 3′, that the forward end and cutting-edge of the knife would be insufliciently supported. As the carrier-engaging face of the seat is forwardly and downwardly inclined, toward the plane-mouth, and as the forward end of the carrier-engaging face of this seat is relatively adjacent to the plane-sole or face 3’, the carrier or bracket C, will be supported with its forward end in close proximity to the extreme forward and under edge of said knife-carrier seat S, and also in close proximity to the cutting-edge of the knife or plane-iron itself, which plane-iron is designated herein by K. By this organization of the parts, it will be evident that the carrier or bracket C, will be adjustable in an oblique direction toward, and from the face or sole 3′ of the plane, and also toward and from the forward wall 2′ of the plane-mouth, so that, when the knife is drawn backward on the knife-engaging face of the carrier, and the carrier is moved downwardly on the inclined face of the seat S, to close the plane-mouth, in performing the most accurate work with the plane, the knife, or plane-iron, is supported close to its cutting-edge, as is necessary for such work. By this peculiar construction and organization of the knife-supporting members of the plane, the most perfect adjustment of the plane-knife for depth of cut, and in longitudinal direction for regulating the area of the chip-space, is obtainable, and, moreover, the most perfect possible support for the plane-knife, that is, a rigid support, most nearly adjacent to the cutting-edge of such knife, also results.

As before stated, the inclination of the carrier-supporting surface of the member S, is such that the body of said support is of considerable thickness, so that an ample thickness of metal is obtained at the line a–a, in which to form the holes 4–4, for the binding-screws 5–5; and this support is also sufficiently thick to permit the employment of screws of relatively-large bore and length, so that the carrier may be rigidly held thereby to the body of the plane.

The means for holding the plane-knife, or plane-iron K, upon the carrier, or bracket C, and for adjusting the knife, may be of any ordinary or suitable construction.

In the present case, the plane-knife is shown as resting upon the inclined, upper face of the carrier, the usual cap 8, being affixed to said knife.

A lever 9, is shown as pivoted at 9’, to the carrier C, and has its upper end in engagement with the cap, for actuating the same toward, and from the plane-mouth, and thereby moving the plane-iron in the same direction. This lever has the usual, forked tail-piece, engaged by a peripheral groove in an adjusting-nut 10, which works longitudinally upon the screw or threaded-post 12, fixed to the carrier.

The plane-knife and cap are shown as clamped in position, against the knife-supporting face of the carrier, by means of the usual clamp-lever 13, working against the fulcrum-screw 14, set into the carrier C, said clamp-lever being controlled in its clamping or releasing position, by means of the actuating cam-lever 15, pivoted at the rear end of said clamp-lever, and having its cam-face in operative engagement with the upper face of the cap 8, all of these holding devices being of ordinary construction, and well known in the art. The carrier C, is normally maintained in engagement with the upper face of the seat S, by means of the binding-screws 5–5, hereinbefore referred to, and these screws are preferably passed through a portion of the carrier, which has its upper face in a plane parallel with the lower or seat-engaging face of the carrier, in order that the carrier maybe moved relatively to seat, without affecting the positioning of these binding-screws. In order to obtain this result, the carrier is shown as having recesses, such as 17–17, countersunk therein, and formed with the end walls thereof parallel with the under side of the carrier.

The binding-screws 5–5, which preferably have washers 5′–5’, between the heads thereof and the end walls of said recesses, are also shown as passed through openings in the relatively-thin walls 13, formed by these recesses 17–17, and which openings are somewhat elongated longitudinally of the plane-body.

It will be evident that when the carrier is moved along the seat S, relatively thereto, these slots 19–19, will permit the screws to maintain their same relation to the seat S, and hold the carrier securely upon said seat. These binding-screws may be loosened, if desired, to permit this adjustment of the carrier, but this adjustment is preferably effected by means of a suitable adjusting device, such as is shown in Figs. 1 and 4 of the drawings. This adjusting device, which is designated in a general way by A, and which is shown as a cam-faced lever 20, is pivoted at its forward end, for movement in a plane coinciding with the plane of the bearing-face of the knife-carrier C, by means of a pin 21, engaging in a socket or recess 21’, in the seat S. Said lever is also shown as formed with a cam-groove 22, disposed substantially transversely of the lever and engaging the depending-lug or stud 23, on the under side of the carrier C. It will be evident that, upon the actuation of this lever 20, the carrier, engaging the cam-groove thereof, by its stud 23, will be actuated longitudinally of the plane, and the area of the chip-space correspondingly increased or decreased, by the advance of the forward edge of said carrier toward the front wall 2′ of the plane-mouth, or its recession therefrom.

After this adjustment of the carrier, the binding-screws 5–5, if loosened prior to the adjustment, will be re-tightened, and the plane-iron set in place and made ready for use. When the adjusting device for this carrier is of a sufficiently powerful character, this preliminary loosening of the binding-screws will be found unnecessary, the binding-screws having been previously so set as to hold the carrier firmly in place without entirely preventing movement of the same, the frictional engagement between said binding-screws and the carrier, and the carrier-engaging face of the seat S, being sufficient to maintain an adjustable, clamping connection between said carrier and its seat with the binding-screws.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, in combination, a plane-body having a substantially-transverse mouth, and having also a continuous-plane knife-carrier seat adjacent to, and rearward of, said mouth, and inclined vertically relatively to the plane-sole; a V-shaped knife-carrier having two independent and relatively-diverging continuous-plane bearing-faces, one of which is, throughout the length thereof, in engagement with the plane-knife, and the other of which is movably-supported substantially throughout the length thereof upon the inclined knife-carrier-seat of the plane-body; a plane-knife adjustably carried upon the upper face of said carrier, and means in connection with, and adapted for, adjusting said carrier longitudinally of, and at an inclination to the plane-sole, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a plane, in combination, a plane-body having a substantially-transverse mouth, and having also a continuous-plane knife carrier-seat adjacent to and rearward of said mouth, and inclined vertically relatively to the plane-sole; a V-shaped knife-carrier adjusting-lever supported for movement in the plane of the carrier-seat and in operative engagement with, and adapted for, adjusting the knife-carrier longitudinally of said seat, and at an inclination to the plane-sole; and a knife adjustably carried upon the knife-carrier, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination with a plane-body having a substantially transverse mouth, and having also an inclined knife-carrier seat adjacent to, and in the rear of said mouth and sloping toward the mouth; of a knife-carrier mounted upon said inclined seat, having a depending stud, and having also a longitudinally-slotted seat-engaging wall formed with substantially-parallel upper and lower faces; holding means, engaging the walls of said slots, and secured to the seat, and adapted to maintain the carrier in engagement with the seat, and to permit movement of said carrier upon, and relatively to the seat; an adjusting lever pivotally secured to the plane, and having a cam-groove the walls of which engage said stud upon the carrier, and adapted thereby to actuate said carrier toward, and from the plane-mouth, and a plane-knife adjustably supported upon said carrier, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, in combination, a plane-body having a substantially transverse month, and having also a continuous-plane-knife-carrier seat adjacent to and rearward of said mouth, and inclined vertically relatively to the plane-sole; a V-shaped knife-carrier having two independent and relatively-diverging continuous-plane bearing-faces one of which is, throughout the length thereof, in engagement with the plane-knife, and the other of which is movably-supported, substantially throughout the length thereof upon the inclined knife-carrier-seat of the plane-body; a plane-knife adjustably-carried upon the upper face of said carrier, and a cam-faced carrier-adjusting-lever carried below and in operative engagement with the knife-carrier, and adapted, for movement transversely of said carrier, in a plane coinciding with the plane of the knife-carrier-seat, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
FRANCIS H. RICHARDS,
FRED. J. DOLE.

No. 529,681 – Carpenter’s Plane (Henri Foucault) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”511″]529681

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRI FOUCAULT, OF CANTON, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO E. BLOCH & CO, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 529,681, dated November 20, 1894.
Application filed July 28, 1894. Serial No. 518,831. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRI FOUCAULT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Canton, in the county of Stark and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to carpenters’ planes, and the invention consistsin the mechanism and combination substantially as shown and described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of aplane containing my improvements and having the central portion thereof broken away and the mechanism sectioned vertically to more fully disclose the construction and arrangement of parts. Fig. 2 is a perspective front elevation of the brake iron and locking mechanism of the bit, and Fig. 3 is a perspective rear elevation of the upper section shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a perspective elevation of the bit itself. Fig. 5 is a perspective elevation of the adjusting mechanism and support for the bit.

A represents the stock of the plane, and B the bit or plane iron. This iron or bit has a perforation or hole –2– near its top which engages a pin –3– on the threaded nut –4– on the adjusting screw –5– having bearings –6– and –7– on the back of the slotted supporting piece C. This adjusting and supporting piece C has a longitudinal slot through which the pin –3– projects, and the said piece is fastened firmly in the stock and made rigid therewith by means of a screw –9– at its bottom or the equivalent thereof. By turningthe adjusting-screw –5– the nut –4– and pin –3– of course would be caused to travel up or down according as said screw is turned and will carry the bit B in either direction, as may be desired. The bit is therefore fed or withdrawn by this adjusting mechanism and it may be set at any point desired or be in a little less or little deeper cut, as the work may require. Now, having the bit thus supported and adjustable, I provide simple and speedy locking mechanism therefor consisting primarily of the parts D and E. The part D is the usual brake iron, and this brake iron is held in position in the stock by means of a support F which is a separate piece and has sockets –10– at its side which are engaged through the sides of the stock by threaded pins G, the inner extremities of said pins engaging in the sockets –10–. The iron D and the said supporting piece F are then fastened together by means of a screw –12–, Fig. 1, which passes through the vertical slot –13– in the support F and enters a threaded hole in the iron D, a washer –14– being interposed upon which the head of the screw is adapted to bear. The said iron D is therefore held adjustable in the support F and may be placed in higher or lower position with respect to the blade or the bit, as may be desired. In operation, the iron D and the support F are really pivoted upon the pins or trunnions G and hence the bit B is held firmly against its back support at two points as is clearly shown in Fig. 1. Now, in order that the said bit maybe secured and removed with ease and speed and firmly held when in use, I employ the lever E which has a forwardly projecting portion –15– at its bottom at right angles substantially to its handle portion and hinged along its edge to the top of the iron D. Upon the rear and centrally of this handle E, I attach a separate member H which likewise is formed with an inwardly extending portion –17– at its bottom and with a heel –18– which is designed to operate on the principle of a cam in its engagement and effect in locking and holding the bit B. The said part H is rigidly fixed to the handle E and an adjusting screw –20– is threaded through the part E at its bottom and engages against the inner portion –17– of the said part H, so that it may be pressed backward more or less according as more or less pressure is required upon the bit. I might fashion the part E with a heel or cam portion to bear directly against the bit, butI have found that it is desirable to have an adjustment at this point owing to different thicknesses of bits and other changing or varying conditions which render such adjustment of the locking member desirable.

In operation, the bit is locked when the parts are in the position as seen in full lines in Fig. 1, and itis unlocked and may be taken out by simply removing it from the pin –3– when the lever E is moved forward into the position shown in dotted lines Fig. 1. It will of course be observed that since the blade D is pivoted on its support the sharp edge thereof at the bottom will be thrown back against the bit at that point when the lever E is forced against the bit at the top so that the bit is locked at two places and firmly held therein. It may, however, be adjusted by turning the screw –5– notwithstanding the fact that it is locked but usually the adjusting occurs when the lever E is open and it is the work of but an instant to open or close said lever and to remove or replace the bit.

What I claim is–

l. In planes, the plane stock, a pivoted support for the brake iron having sockets in its sides and pins through the sides ofthe stock in said sockets and serving as pivot points, a brake iron adjustably attached to said support, a locking lever for the bit pivoted at the top of said brake iron, and the bit held by said lever, substantially as set forth.

2. A plane stock and a bit supported adjustably therein, a pivoted brake iron and a pivoted locking lever on the top end of said iron having an adjustable cam shaped heel to engage the bit and a set screw to adjust said heel, substantially as set forth.

3. The stock and the bit and a support for the bit at its rear having a pin tlirough which the bit is held, in combination with the brake iron, a pivoted support therefor having trunnions –10– and a slot, and a set screw –12– engaging the brake iron through said slot, whereby said iron is adjusted, and a lever E pivoted to the top of said iron and provided with a heel –15– to bear against the fare of the bit above the pivot point of the brake iron, substantially as set forth.

Witness my hand to the foregoing specification.

HENRI FOUCAULT.

Witnesses:
S. SIMONS,
JOHN ROLLI.

No. 528,087 – Bench Or Other Plane (Theodore W. Fuller) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”509″]528087

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THEODORE W. FULLER, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

BENCH OR OTHER PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 528,087, dated October 23, 1894.
Application filed October 4, 1893. Serial No. 437,138. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THEODORE WHISTON FULLER, of Washington city, in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench or other Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention is an improvement on that class of bench and other planes for carpentering or wood-working, which have adjustable devices for holding the plane-iron or knife; such for instance as that patented to L. Bailey, No. 67,398, dated December 24, 1867; and it has for its object, not only to prevent the getting loose of certain parts but also to prevent the straining and wearing away of that part of the wood into which these devices are fastened, and which after a while render the plane entirely useless.

By my improvements the parts which support the plane-iron are held with it firmly to the adjusted position.

Heretofore the screws which were intended to hold the adjusting devices to the wooden body of the plane, were screwed directly into such wood. When such plane is in use the least jar knocks the cutter or plane-iron out of place. The strain and thrust come all upon these wood screws, tending constantly to loosen them by disintegrating the fibers of the wood and enlarging the screw hole until presently all possibility of a firm, fixed hold is gone, and the plane has to be replaced by a new one. This involves not only great annoyance, imperfect work in planing and frequent ineffectual efforts to satisfactorily hold the cutter to its adjusted working position, but also wastes much of the workman’s valuable time. I have therefore invented a simple, cheap, but most effective means for avoiding these difliculties, and whereby the tendency of the parts to loosen, weaken, or get out of order, are reduced to the minimum or entirely avoided.

In the drawings: Figure 1 shows in longitudinal section enough of a plane of the Bailey class as now found in the market, to illustrate my invention as applied thereto; Fig. 2, a cross-section in the line x x of Fig. 1, the cutter and its fastening plate being removed, the bolts being shown in full; Fig. 3, a plan of the two-armed metallic screw-held plate, having at the end of each arm a threaded hole for a machine-thread screw-bolt and at its angle end an unthreaded counter sunk hole for a wood-screw; Fig. 4, a front view or elevation of the same, and Fig. 5 is a detail, showing one of the machine-thread bolts in place in the plate.

A indicates the body of the plane; B, the plane-iron or cutter; C, the plate lying on and above the same; D, the cam-lever, and d’ its spring, for tightening this plate on the cutter; E, the lever supporting plate; F, the forked lever fulcrumed on this plate, and f’ the screw, and f2 the nut, for moving such lever to adjust the plane-iron longitudinally; L, the lever for adjusting said iron to insure the parallelism of the cutting edge with the bottom of the plane stock. These parts being well known, need not be more particularly described.

Instead of securing directly to the wood the plate E, which carries the forked lever and its adjusting screw, and which practice has been found so disastrous when and after its wood screws get loose, I make a stout specially-shaped two-armed plate G, the arms meeting at nearly a right angle, the plate being about three-eighths of an inch in thickness. The two ends of these arms have each also a hole g’ which is closely threaded to receive a machine-thread screw-bolt H; and at its angled end, it has a counter-sunk hole g2 to receive a wood screw g3. This plate I insert in a correspondingly shaped cavity made in the wood in the top of the plane a little back of the throat, so as to be tlush with it, and I secure it in place by the wood-screw in hole g2. The circular ends in which are threaded holes g’ serve like nuts, but being connected by the parts or webs i, j, to the circular portion g4, and all parts of the plate G being thus integral, this solid sunken plate when in place is practically immovable either forward or backward against any jar or blow, and against any and all back-thrust when using the plane; and even before inserting the screw bolts H. When the bolts H are inserted through the usual holes in plate E, their threaded ends engage respectively with the threaded holes g’ and hold the plate almost as firmly as if it were imbedded in a rock, or as if the plane stock were all of iron. It will now be seen that there can be no disintegration or wearing away of any screw-hole in the wood, for the plate is immovable relatively to the wood; the bolts H do not engage with any wood at all, and that all the thrusts are received and distributed against the entire rear wall of the cavity in which plate G is sunken; and in addition to this, this plate is fastened by its rear screw in the hole g2.

The part g4 is designedly located far enough back to permit its screw g2 to be readily inserted and removed, and the whole plate occupies a space otherwise not utilized.

It will now be seen that my improvement can be applied to any existing new, or old, or otherwise useless plane of the Bailey or similar class; that with an ordinary brace and bit, chisel and screw-driver any one can apply the plate G in a short time; that by reason of this thick threaded plate and its fine machine thread bolt, the plate E and the parts supported thereon can not only be tightened more firmly than by the means heretofore used, and held more permanently, and therefore needing less frequent adjustment, but the planes will wear and be useful for a great while longer.

My improvement is applicable to a great variety of planes, especially the jack-plane, fore-plane, or jointer and smoothing plane.

I claim —

1. In combination with a plane stock or body, a metal plate inserted in the top of the same back from the edge of the throat so as to be in closed both front and rear by the stock, the cutter supporting plate, and means whereby the same may be removably secured to said inserted plate, all as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In combination with a plane stock or body, a metal plate inserted in the top of the same back from the edge of the throat so as to be inclosed both front and rear by the stock, the cutter supporting plate, and means whereby the same may be removably secured to said inserted plate, and means whereby the inserted plate may be secured to the plane stock, all as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In combination with a plane stock or body, a metal plate inserted in the top of the same back from the edge of the throat so as to be inclosed both front and rear by the stock, and having screw threaded sockets in the same, the cutter supporting plate, and screws or bolts passing through holes in said plate into the threaded sockets of the inserted plate, to removably secure the same together, all as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In combination with a plane stock or body, a forked or angular metal plate inserted in the top of the stock back from the edge of the throat so as to be inclosed both front and rear by the stock, the cutter supporting plate, and means whereby the same may be removably secured to said inserted plate, all as and for the purposes set forth.

THEODORE W. FULLER.

Witnesses:
H. S. SHEPARD,
JOHN J. HALSTED.

No. 516,413 – Plane (Justus A. Traut) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”504″]516413

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 516,413, dated March 13, 1894.
Application filed September 1, 1893. Serial No. 484,544. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class of planes in which the plane-iron is adjustable for the purpose of bringing the same accurately into position for use, by means of adjusting-devices connected with the knife-holding apparatus.

The object of my present invention is to provide means, in a plane of the class specified, for adjusting the knife laterally thereof to bring the cutting-edge in parallelism with the face of the plane; and to make this adjustment by means of devices operating in connection with, but separately from (in point of time) the means for adjusting the plane-iron longitudinally thereof.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partially in section, of a plane embodying my present improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the plane, with the cutter, or knife, and its clamp removed, and showing the knife holding and adjusting-apparatus in place. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the plane, as seen from the right-hand in Figs. 1 and 2, the cutter or knife being in place, but the clamp-lever removed. Fig. 4 is a plan view of a portion of the plane illustrating the mode of operation of the swing-frame and the actuating lever therefor which regulates the lateral movement of the knife, the knife, knife-support and clamp being removed. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the swing-frame, in the preferred form thereof. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the swing-frame, as seen from below in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the swing-frame, as seen from the right-hand in 5 and 6. Fig. 8 is a plan view of the swing-frame-adjusting lever, in a position corresponding to the same in Figs. 1 and 2; and Fig. 9 is a side view of said lever, in a position corresponding to that shown in Fig. 1.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

For illustrating the construction and mode of operation of my present improvements and the preferred manner of applying the same, I have shown the invention applied to an ordinary iron smoothing-plane. The body of the plane is designated in a general way by B, and consists of the usual base or face, 3, divided transversely by the mouth, 4, and having the side-walls, 5 and 6; it is usually provided at the forward end thereof (at the left-hand in Figs. 1, 2 and 4,) with a knob or handle, 7, and rearwardly of the plane-mouth with a transverse pin, 3, which serves as a bearing for the clamp-lever, D. The “plane-iron” or cutter, C, shown in section in Fig. 1 and in rear elevation in Fig. 3, is set in an inclined position as indicated in the drawings, and with its edge at 9, Fig. 1, extending slightly through the mouth of the plane. The cutter or knife C being supported from below in substantially the position shown in Fig. 1, the clamp-lever D is placed thereon, underneath and in engagement with the aforesaid transverse pin or bearing 8, and with its point, 10, resting on said knife near the lower end thereof, in the usual manner. The clamp-lever is or may be operated, for the purpose of clamping and unclarnping the plane-knife or cutter C, by means of the screw, 11, carried by said clamp, and bearing at its outward end, 12, against the upper side of the plane-knife, said screw being usually operated, in practice, by means of a wheel or disk, 13, fixed thereon.

The rearward and upper end, 14, of the cutter is shown having formed in its under side a channel whose edges at 15 and 16, form guides for controlling the lateral movement of the cutter, the channel having in the top thereof a series of teeth, 17, for engaging with the corresponding notches of the main lever, E, of the adjusting-apparatus. Said main-lever is shown carried by a pivot, 18, fixed in the ears, 19 and 19′, on the rearward end of a swing-frame, 20, which lies on the upper side of the face or bottom-plate 3 of the plane, and which is provided with means for the lateral adjustment thereof. Said swing-frame has at its forward end a bearing-arm, 21, which engages in a slot, 22, formed in the plane-body; said frame is held in place longitudinally of the plane by means of the screw-stud, 23, under the head of which is journaled the forward end, 24, of the lateral-adjustment lever, 25, this lever also having a bearing, 26, in working engagement between said ears 19 and 19′ of the swing-frame, and being provided at its extreme rearward end with a suitable termination, or thumb-piece, as 25′, whereby the same may be conveniently operated. The aforesaid screw-stud 23 passes down through the slot, 27 of the swing-frame, so as to control the position of said frame when this is swung laterally, as indicated by the two positions thereof shown by solid lines and dotted lines, respectively, in Fig.4. About midway of its length, the swing-frame 20, in the preferred form thereof herein shown, has a bearing, 28, for receiving the forward end, 29, of the longitudinal-adjustment lever, 30, this lever being pivoted on a stud, 31, between the forward ends of the said arms, 32 and 32′, of the aforesaid main lever E, and having its projecting rearward end properly shaped, or furnished with a thumb-piece, as 30′, whereby the same may be actuated for operating the main lever to slide the cutter forward or backward, as the case may require. It will be observed that the forward bearing 21 of the swing-frame is on the line e (Fig. 1) about midway between the clamp-lever bearing 8 and the point 10, where the knife is clamped between the end of the clamp-lever and the bottom-plate of the plane-body. The parts here described are organized, as set forth, so that when power is applied to the rearward end of the plane-knife for swinging the same laterally, said knife will naturally turn or swing upon an axis substantially coincident with said swing-frame bearing 21. Said lateral movement of the knife C is effected through the described main lever E, which engages at the upper side thereof between the said edges 15 and 16 of the channel in the knife. By this means, when the swing-frame 20 is moved laterally by means of said actuating-lever 25, the main-lever E, being mounted on said arm, is carried sidewise, being swung about the aforesaid axis 21 in substantial coincidence with the movement of the knife itself.

For adjusting the knife longitudinally thereof, the secondary lever 30 is raised or lowered, as the case may require, thereby swinging the main lever E on its pivot 18, and forcibly sliding the plane-knife under the rounded end 12 of the clamp-lever screw 11. And by operating the lever 25, the main-lever, also designated as the knife-actuator, is moved laterally to carry the knife side-wise as required. The swing-frame, by means of the combinations and construction hereinbefore described, is closely held in place on the upper surface of the base-plate 3, the forward end of the frame-actuating lever 25 serving as a washer between the head 23′ of said screw-stud and the swing-frame; the forward end 21′ of the swing-frame comes close to the under side of the knife C, so that said frame-bearing 21 is prevented from rising out of the bearing-slot 22.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane, the combination with a plane-body, and with the knife and means for clamping the same in place, of a knife-supporting actuator-lever engaging the knife longitudinally and laterally thereof, an actuator-lever-carrying frame supported for movement laterally of the knife, and means for moving said actuator-lever on the frame independently of the movement of the frame, substantially as described.

2. In a plane of the class specified, the combination with the knife having the transverse notches and the longitudinal guide-edges, and with means for clamping the same in place, of a knife-supporting actuator-lever engaging said notches and between said guide-edges, a swinging actuator-lever-carrying frame supported for movement laterally of the knife, the screw-stud holding the frame in place, and a lever journaled on said stud and engaging the frame to move this independently of the movement of the actuator-lever, substantially as described.

3. In a plane, the combination with a plane-body, and with the knife and means for clamping the same in place, of a knife-supporting actuator-lever engaging the knife longitudinally and laterally thereof, a swinging actuator-lever-carrying frame supported for movement laterally of the knife, means for moving said frame laterally of the knife, and a lever fulcrumed. in the swing-frame and engaging the actuator-lever for operating this independently of the frame, substantially as described.

4. In a plane, a knife-supporting-and-adjusting device consisting of a laterally-movable frame having the ears 19 and 19′ and the fulcrum-bearing 28, combined with a main lever, substantially as described, pivotally supported between said ears and provided with a lever fulcrumed in said fulcrum-bearing, and means for holding in place and actuating said frame, substantially as described.

5. In a plane, the combination with the body having the frame-bearing slot 22 and the stud 23, of the frame 20 engaging at one end in said bearing-slot and having a transverse slot through which said stud extends, a lever on said stud and engaging the frame for moving the same laterally of the plane-body, and a knife-supporting-and-adjusting device carried on said frame and consisting of a lever pivoted thereto and furnished with means for operating the same, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

6. In a plane, the combination with the plane-body and with the knife and means for clamping the same, of a longitudinally movable combined knife-support and actuator in engagement with the knife, an actuator-carrier supported for movement laterally of the knife, means for simultaneously moving the actuator-carrier and knife-supporting actuator laterally of the knife and means for moving said actuator independently of the movement of the actuator-carrier, substantially as described.

7. The combination in a plane, of a plane-body, a knife and means for clamping the same, a combined knife-support and actuator carried by a frame supported for lateral movement by the plane-body, means for independently operating the knife-support to shift the knife longitudinally, and means for adjusting the frame laterally of the knife, substantially as described.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT

Witnesses:
F. N. STANLEY,
CHAS. B. STANLEY.

No. 512,084 – Bench-Plane (Granville W. Wright And Albert A. Page) (1894)

[paiddownloads id=”499″]512084

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT AND ALBERT A. PAGE, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT,
ASSIGNORS TO THE SARGENT & COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 512,084, dated January 2, 1894.
Application filed May 15, 1893. Serial No. 474,270. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT and ALBERT A. PAGE, of New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Bench-Planes; and we do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in —

Figure 1, a view in side elevation of one form which a plane constructed in accordance with our invention may assume; Fig. 2, a plan view thereof; Fig. 3, a view thereof in central vertical longitudinal section on the line a–b of Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a view of the plane in transverse section on the line c–d of Fig. 3; Fig. 5, a view in transverse section through the stock of the plane on the line e–f of Fig. 1; Fig. 6, a detached view through the clamp of the plane on the line g–h of Fig. 2; Fig. 7, a detached plan view of the box or housing; Fig. 8, a similar view thereof in side elevation; Fig. 9, a detached reverse plan view of the secondary adjusting lever.

Our invention relates to an improvement in bench-planes, the object being to produce at a low cost for manufacture, a simple, light, durable and convenient article.

With these ends in view, our invention consists in a bench-plane having certain details of construction as will be hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.

In carrying out our invention we form a stock A, from a single piece of heavy sheet-metal, which is struck into the required shape, the stock having the usual side flanges A’, and in addition thereto upturned end flanges A2 A2, into which the side flanges merge, as clearly shown by Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings. The stock thus formed will naturally have rounded side and end corners a, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings, that being an advantageous form, as such corners are less liable to mark or mar the article being planed than the sharp corners of planes having their stocks cast. The said stock is constructed with a transverse slot A3, located in the usual place, its rear wall of being beveled, as shown by Fig. 3 of the drawings.

Within the stock we locate a box or housing B, which we preferably strike up from a single piece of sheet-metal. This box may be said to be U-shaped in transverse section, and is arranged with its open side downward, as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, its edges being furnished with projecting lugs b b, by means of which it is secured to the stock A, the bottom of which is thereto provided with openings of suitable form to receive the said lugs. The box tapers gradually from its rear to its forward end, so as to form an inclined bed for the bit C, of the plane to rest upon. It also tapers laterally, growing wider from its rear to its forward end, so that it will form a wide bearing for the bit behind the cutting edge thereof. The vertical taper of the box is clearly shown by Fig. 8 of the drawings, while its lateral taper is seen in Fig. 7 of the same.

About midway the length of its inclined upper face or bed, the box is provided with a coupling-stud D, which stands at a right angle to the said bed. At its rear end the box is constructed with an elongated slot E, through which the teeth f of the primary adjusting-lever F, project, the said lever being hung upon a horizontal pin G, the ends of which are mounted in the sides of the box. Two thick washers G’ G’ located upon the said pin G, on opposite sides of the said lever F, prevent the same from lateral displacement on the pin. The outer end of the said lever is provided with an open longitudinal slot F’, which receives the knurled edge of an adjusting-nut H, mounted upon a threaded stud H’, secured in a vertical position to the rear end of the stock A. We do not, however, claim the said lever, nut or stud as new, for corresponding parts have been before employed for the same purpose in bench-planes. We have called the lever in question the primary adjusting lever because its function is to move the bit longitudinally to project its cutting edge from or withdraw it into the slot A3 for securing more or less depth of cut as required. The bit C is constructed upon its under face with a series of transverse grooves c, which are taken into by the teeth of the primary adjusting lever F, and which are located in the rear of its longitudinal slot C’, with which it is provided to adapt it to fit over the coupling-stud D, and be longitudinally adjusted. A secondary adjusting-lever I, projecting at its rear end slightly beyond the rear end of the bit, is pivotally attached to the lower face thereof by means of a screw I’, the forward end of the said lever being offset as at i, and then extended forward, whereby it is adapted to enter the open rear end of the box or housing B, with the side walls of which its forward edges engage to secure a purchase for the lateral adjustment of the bit, which it shifts to keep square with respect to the position of its cutting edge in the transverse slot A3 in the stock. The offsetting of this secondary lever in order to enable it to enter the rear end of the housing, will be proportional to the thickness of the metal from which the housing is formed.

We do not broadly claim a bit having a secondary adjusting lever secured to its lower face as described, except when its forward end is offset downward to adapt it to enter last the housing. We have called the lever described the secondary adjusting lever, because its function of laterally adjusting bit for squaring its edge in the slot in the the body of the stock seems secondary to the longitudinal adjustment of the bit.

The clamp J, of our improved plane, we prefer to strike from a single piece of sheet-metal in substantially the form which clamps of bench-planes ordinarily have, except as will be specified. Toward its forward end the clamp is constructed with an opening J’ , adapted in size to pass the head of the coupling-stud D, and with an open slot J2, leading forward from the said opening, and narrower than the same, the said slot being flanked on each side by horizontal flanges J3 J3, which form bearings for the head of the said stud. Under this construction the clamp is adjusted over the coupling-stud upon the bit, and then drawn rearward for locking it in place, and the more it is pushed rearward after it is in place, the tighter it will clamp the bit. This is an obviously advantageous construction, for when the plane is used, the tendency will be for the bit to be pushed rearward, and thus to only more firmly lock the clamp in place. In planes as ordinarily constructed, the operation of the clamp is just the reverse of this. The clamp is provided in its rear end with an internally threaded socket K, which receives an adjusting-screw L, which is staked, or otherwise secured into a sheet-metal hand-wheel M. The head L’ of the screw projects below the outer face of the wheel in position to be engaged with the upper face of the bit to the rear of the slot C’ therein, in the ordinary manner.

In our improved plane as herein described, the stock, the housing or box located therein to form a bed for the bit, the clamp, and the hand-wheel are struck from sheet-metal. We would have it understood, however, that we do not limit ourselves to using the said parts in combination, but we may use any one of them, or any combination of them. By constructing the said parts of sheet-metal, we secure lightness and rigidity, and an increase of room within a plane of given size. We are also enabled to give the plane pleasing lines, and to produce it at a comparatively low cost for manufacture, and obviously the sheet-metal enables it to be given at a comparatively small expense, a very high finish. Nor do we limit ourselves to the particular construction and arrangement of parts shown and described, for the devices represented for adjusting the bit both longitudinally and laterally, may be replaced by other devices.

We would therefore have it understood that we do not limit ourselves to the construction herein shown, but hold ourselves at liberty to make such variations therefrom as fairly fall within the spirit and scope of our invention. We are aware, however, that we are not the first to utilize sheet-metal in the construction of bench-planes, a plane having a wooden stock reinforced by a wrought metal covering being old.

Having fully described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. A bench-plane having its clamp struck out from a single piece of sheet-metal, and provided within its rear end with an internally threaded socket, which receives the adjusting screw carrying the hand-wheel, and constructed at its forward end with an opening, and with an open slot leading forward from the said opening and narrower than the same, the said slot being flanked on either side by flanges set inward from the face of the clamp, substantially as described.

2. A bench-plane having its clamp constructed with an opening to receive the coupling-stud of the plane, and with an open slot narrower than the said opening, extending forward therefrom and flanked on each side by horizontal flanges set down below the face of the clamp, substantially as described.

3. A bench-plane having a sheet-metal stock, having up-turned side and end flanges, a sheet-metal box or housing secured thereto with its open side downward, by means of lugs formed upon its lower edges, inclining and widening fromits rear to its forward end and forming an inclined bed for the bit, a bit and a wide bearing just back of the cutting edge thereof, a sheet-metal clamp, a clamping-screw carried thereby, and means for adjusting the bit longitudinally and laterally, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GRANVILLE W. WRIGHT.
ALBERT A. PAGE.

Witnesses:
ROBERT MACARTHUR, Jr.,
JOHN B. FREYSINGER, Jr.

No. 511,349 – Plane (Henry Merz) (1893)

[paiddownloads id=”498″]511349

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY MERZ, OF POLLASKY, CALIFORNIA.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 511,349, dated December 26, 1893.
Application filed May 1, 1893. Serial No. 472,568. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY MERZ, of Pollasky, in the State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to planes for carpenters and the like, and has for its object to improve devices of a similar character which have been heretofore employed.

The invention consists of the detail construction, combination and arrangement of parts, substantially as hereinafter fully set forth, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings: — Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of my improved plane. Fig. 2 is a view of the cutting blade detached. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the cap-plate, screw and adjuncts. Fig. 4 is a detail perspective view of a part of the adjusting mechanism. Fig. 5 is a bottom plan view of the cap plate and adjustments in connection therewith. Fig. 6 is a rear end elevation of the clamp and cap plate.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the main or body portion of the plane, having the ordinary opening a which terminates in the transverse slot a’ through which the cutting blade B projects. In this cutting blade is a T-shaped opening, in the outer end of which is a lug b forming a pivot point. In the rear inclined wall of opening a is set a metallic plate b’ into a threaded opening in which is screwed a screw C, the head d of which has an overhanging lower flange d’.

D is a cap plate having a longitudinal slot d2, and a rear central cut away portion d3, and two corresponding sockets d4 on either side of said cut-away portion. To the under side of this cap-plate is fastened a spring-plate E from which extend parallel arms e free at their outer ends.

F is a clamp which fits between sockets d4 and is pivoted by a rod f supported by said sockets. This clamp is rounded at its pivoted end and is provided with two curved cam-lugs f’, which when the clamp is lowered will extend through the cut-away portion of the cap-plate and bear upon the free ends of the spring-arms, causing the latter to bind against the upper surfaces of the cutting blade.

G is a block having upper shoulders g, and a threaded projection g’ which is extended up through slot d2 of cap-plate D and upon it is screwed a nut g2 designed to bind against a washer g3 extending across said slot. The shoulders g are drawn against the lower walls of slot d2, said walls being made tapering. The lower end of block G has an acute lip g4 extending therefrom and designed to engage with the overhanging portion of the headed screw G. The lip is formed into somewhat of a point at about its center so as to securely engage the head of the screw and be held stationary. Through a threaded opening in this block extends a screw rod H, which fits in the T-shaped opening of the cutting blade. A socket in the outer end of this screw-rod receives the lug b. Adjacent to this end is a milled head h, by which the screw rod is readily and easily turned.

The operation of my improved plane is readily understood from what has gone before. To quickly effect the adjustment of the cutting blade the operator raises the clamp so as to release the frictional engagement between the cutting blade and cap-plate, permitting the spring arm to be free. By turning the screw rod the cutting blade can be moved in either direction, the block secured to said cap-plate being stationary by reason of the engagement with the screw C. After the cutting blade has been adjusted the operator closes down the clamp and the cam-lugs thereof bind the spring arms down on said cutting blade, making a firm frictional contact therewith and holding the cutting blade in position. By turning the screw-rod the cutting blade can still be further adjusted but is firmly held at any desired point, the cap-plate being stationary by reason of the engagement of the acute lip of the block with the head of the screw C.

The advantages of my invention are apparent to those skilled in the art to which it appertains, and it will be specially observed that the mechanism employed is simple and not liable to readily get out of order.

I claim as my invention —

1. The herein described plane, comprising a body with a slot or opening therein, a headed stud or screw C arranged obliquely and having a flanged head, a blade having a longitudinally disposed slot with a pivot at the central upper portion of the same, a cap plate with a slot therein in which is adjustably mounted a block formed with a shouldered groove engaging said flanged head of the stud or screw, and having a screw threaded opening extended transversely therethrough, a spring clamp having its upper end pivotally connected to the upper portion of the said cap plate, and a screw rod located in the said longitudinally disposed slot of the blade, and having a milled nut thereon whose upper end engages the pivot at the upper end of said slot in the blade, said nut being located in the slot, substantially as described.

2. The herein described plane comprising a body having a stud or screw therein with a flanged head, a blade having a longitudinally disposed slot with a pivot at the upper terminating wall of the same, a cap plate provided with a slot and having sockets at the upper portions of the same with a central cutaway part, a block adjustably mounted in the slot of the cap plate, and formed with a lower shouldered groove to engage the flanged head of the said stud or screw, a spring clamp mounted on the cap plate and having its upper end pivotally located in the cut-away part of the latter, and pivoted to the sockets thereof, having parallel arms e, which are free and bear against the blade to produce a spring action and a screw rod H mounted in the longitudinally disposed. slot of the blade and extending through the aforesaid block, said screw rod having a milled nut on the upper end thereof for adjusting the blade and having its upper surface rotatably engaging the said pivot, said nut being revoluble in the slot of the blade, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY MERZ.

Witnesses:
W. R. THOMAS,
G. M. McGUIRE.

No. 508,386 – Plane (Oliver R. Hayworth) (1893)

[paiddownloads id=”495″]508386

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

OLIVER R. HAYWORTH, OF TARKIO, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR
OF ONE-HALF TO AMON A. CURFMAN, OF SAME PLACE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 508,386, dated November 7, 1893.
Application filed May 18, 1893. Serial No. 474,692. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I OLIVER R. HAYWORTH, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Tarkio, in the county of Atchison and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in bench-planes; and it consists in the particular construction and combination of the parts, as will be hereinafter fully set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side view of the plane, partly in section. Fig. 2 is a plan view. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the part of the plane against which the bit rests. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a detail perspective view of the front portion of the plane with the cover of the pivoted holding cap removed; and Fig. 6 is a sectional view through the line x–x of Fig. 3.

A designates the base or bed-piece of the plane, which is preferably made of wood, the side edges thereof being cut away, as shown at a, to receive the metallic side pieces B which are secured to said base by the screws or bolts b. The base is slotted in the usual manner for the passage of the bit, and it is also recessed in its upper surface to receive the frames which adjust and hold the bit.

C designates a knob-plate, which is apertured near its forward end for the passage of the screw which secures the front knob c to the base. In rear of the aperture for the knob the plate is slotted for the passage of a set-screw or bolt c’, and to the rear end of the knob-plate is pivoted the holding cap D the rear face of which is adapted to bear upon the cap-plate of the bit. The lower end of the pivoted holding cap is out away to allow a free passage of the shavings, and the inner sides of the connecting arms d d are beveled, as shown at d’, so that the shavings will be guided toward the center of the plane. The pivoted holding cap is made in two parts, one part constituting the main frame and the other a covering plate, D’, which covering plate retains in place spring-actuated arms E E which have at their lower ends projecting catches which engage with notches or recesses in the side pieces B B of the plane so as to retain the pivoted holding cap in proper position. Above the catches e e the arms are provided with projections e’, which extend through the side pieces of the pivoted holding cap and provide means for retracting the catches, said catches being normally projected by means of a flat spring e2 which is positioned as shown in Fig. 5. The upper ends of the arms are rounded as shown to provide bearing surfaces or pivots.

It will be seen that by the construction hereinbefore described the knob-plate can be adjusted longitudinally upon the base of the plane to take up the wear of the parts and also to permit the use of bits and cap-plates of different thicknesses.

To the metallic side pieces and the base is rigidly secured the seat or frog provided for the bit, indicated by the letter F. This seat or frog is out away centrally for the passage of the adjusting lever G, said lever being pivoted between lugs which project from the rear side of the seat or frog, and above and below the lever project lugs H H in which is seated an adjusting screw having a head of ordinary construction. The central portion of the adjusting screw is threaded and engages with a threaded aperture in a block I pivoted within the rear end of the adjusting lever, said rear end being bifurcated to receive the block. By this construction I am enabled to provide rigid bearings for the adjusting screw and position the same so that it will be on a line with the front bearing surface of the frog F. The block I is slotted for the passage of the pivot-pin.

The frog is provided with a transverse recess in which is secured a flat spring f the free ends of which bear upon the rear surface of the bit, and above this spring the frog is provided with another transverse recess for the reception of a plate g having outturned ends which engage with the sides of the plane-bit, the rear side of the frog being recessed to receive a lever K which is pivotally attached to the plate g and to a stud or projection on the frog, the recess for the lever opening into the recess in which the plate slides.

The lower end of the lever K is bifurcated to embrace the stud or projection. The bit and cap-plate therefor are of substantially ordinary construction and are connected to each other by the screw L, and above the screw the cap-plate has a recessed lug, M, with which the forward end of the adjusting-lever G engages.

It will be observed that by simply turning the thumb-screw H the bit and its cap-plate may be adjusted vertically, and that the bit can be adjusted so that its cutting edge will be on a line with the under side of the plane by the use of the lever K.

When it is desired to remove the bit from the plane-stock it can be readily accomplished by simply pressing upon the projections e’ e’ of the arms E E, which will retract the catches and permit the holding cap to be swung upon its pivot.

I am aware that prior to my invention it has been proposed to provide a bench-plane with means for vertically and laterally adjusting the bit, and I do not therefore claim such construction broadly; but

What I do claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. A bench plane comprising a wooden base having longitudinal side recesses, a transverse aperture of less width than the base through which the bit passes and recesses in front and rear of said transverse aperture, metallic side pieces secured to the base so as to lie partially in the longitudinal side recesses thereof, a knob-plate secured to the base so as to be located partially in the recess in front of the transverse aperture, a seat or frog attached to the base and metallic side pieces, the lower portion thereof lyin gin the recess in rear of the transverse aperture, and a holding cap pivoted to the rear end of the knob-plate, the parts being organized and combined substantially as shown, and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a plane, the combination, of a frog rigidly attached to the base and side pieces thereof, a cap-plate pivoted to the base of the frame and connected thereto so as to be adjustable longitudinally thereon, said cap-plate having catches which engage with recesses in the side pieces of the frame, for the purpose set forth.

3. In combination with a plane, the side pieces thereof having recesses on their inner sides, a holding cap which is pivotally secured to the base of the plane, said cap carrying spring-actuated catches which are adapted to engage with the recesses in the side pieces, for the purpose set forth.

4. In combination with a plane, a movable plate having pivoted thereto a cap-piece, said cap-piece having forwardly projecting portions the sides of which are cut away above the opening through which the bit passes, and catches for holding the cap-piece in engagement with the side pieces of the plane, substantially as shown.

5. In combination with a plane, an adjustable plate C, a holding cap having forwardly and downwardly extending portions pivotally attached to the adjustable plate, catches carried by the holding plate and adapted to engage with recesses in the sides of the plane, substantially as shown, and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a plane, the combination, of the pivoted holding cap the upper portion of which is recessed for the reception of arms having at their lower ends outwardly projecting catches and intermediate projections e’ e’ to provide for retracting the catches, together with a spring for projecting the arms, substantially as shown, and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

OLIVER R. HAYWORTH.

Witnesses:
A. L. GRAY,
C. R. BARROW.

No. 504,562 – Joiner’s Plane (John M. Cole) (1893)

[paiddownloads id=”492″]504562

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN M. COLE, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

JOINER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 504,562, dated September 5, 1893.
Application filed April 15, 1893. Serial No. 470,429. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN M. COLE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, inthe county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Irnprovements in Joiners’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and enact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in joiners’ planes, and the invention consists in the construction of a plane substantially as shown and described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

ln the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal central sectional view of a plane equipped with my improvements. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the plane irons with the parts which are permanently attached thereto. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the metal bed which is seated centrally in a recess in the stock, as seen in Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a view of a modification of the invention in which an ordinary chisel is shown as being held with mechanisrn corresponding to the holding mechanism for the bit in Fig. 2, and as hereinafter more fully described.

A represents the stock of the plane, and B is a bed which is seated centrally in the body of the stock and fastened thereto by short screws b so as to make a firm and rigid seat for the attachment of the other parts. Connection is made with this bed for the bit or plane iron C by means of the substantially H shaped holder D, secured to the bit C and the cap E through the slot d by means of a screw e, Fig. 1. The bed B has ledges or ribs b’ on its inside along its lower portion which are engaged by the holder D in the relation and rnanner shown more particularly in Fig. 1. This engagement is made by placing the said holder into the recess or opening above the said ledges and then sliding the holder down under the ledges as far as may be necessary, and when thus introduced the said irons C and E and the holder D are firrnly fastened by means of the thumb screw F at the top ot the bit or iron C, which passes through the said bit and bears upon the adjustable bracket G at its inner end. This bracket has a depression or recess g into which the said screw F projects, and by reason of which and the bearing against the ledges b’ through the holder D the bit is prevented from becoming displaced after it has been adjusted and fastened.

For convenience of fastening the screw F in the bit and to give the desired bearing for the screw, I insert a threaded plug h through the hole in said bit and fasten the same by means of a nut h’, the threaded screw h thus adording a long threaded bearing on its inside for the screw F. These two parts h, and h’ of course may be reversed and the screw it may have a head upon the outside and the nut be placed upon the inside of the bit.

The bracket G is adapted to slide between the sides of the bed B, and upon the ledges of the bed immediately beneath the same, and it has a projection g’ with a threaded hole adapted to receive the thumb screw K, which is supported in the webs of the bed B, and is adapted to be rotated within its bearings. Then by turning the screw K the said bracket is carried gradually up or down upon the said bed and with it the parts shown in Fig. 2, when the said parts are sufficiently released to permit of such adjustment. Such release of course is effected through the thumb screw F, which serves to tighten them. This screw may be loosened enough to edect the finest needed adjnstrnent of the bit for cutting deeper or shallower, as may be required, and when this adjustment is accomplished the bit is again fastened by means of the screw F and all the parts are in readiness for use. It will be noticed that by this construction I dispense entirely with the usual clamping plate on the face or the bit, and which is usually arranged to overlap the cap E some distance above. The bed and the parts shown in Fig. 3 are designed to remain fixtures within the stock A while the parts shown in Fig. 2 are bodily removable when connected as there shown, by simply releasing the thumb screw F so as to detach it from the bed.

Having the plane constructed with the parts shown in Fig. 3, and with those shown in Fig. 2 removed, I have a construction remaining which is especially adapted to attach an ordinary ohisel L, shown in Fig. 4. lt is often desirable when a groove of narrow width is to be cut, or a channel plowed, to have a construction which will enable a chisel of greater or less width of edge to be placed on the plane to cut a correspondingly narrow channel. My construction is especially adapted to this conversion of the tool, and by means of the stirrup M having a screw m to engage the shank of the chisel, and a holder N constructed as shown to engage the body of the chisel, I am enabled to use a chisel as effectually as if the plane were originally made for this purpose alone. The holder N takes the place of the holder D in the structure, and has a set screw n to bear down upon the chisel and fix it to the holder, the same as the screw e in Fig. 1. The stirrup M has a slight projection m’ on its bottom adapted to engage in the bracket G where the screw F engages in Fig. 1. The plane may, therefore, be converted from the use of one tool to another with ease and facility, and it is therefore given a range of usefulness which makes it altogether a desirable construction.

The construction and operation of the parts will be clearly understood from the foregoing description and need not be more particularly entered into here.

In lieu of the chisel here shown any equivalent cutter or bit may be used, and a very narrow bit, or one the full width of the bed, or of intermediate size, can be adopted.

When for any reason it is desired to remove the cap E from the bit, as is the case when the bit is to be ground, it is only necessary to loosen the screw e, so that the holder D can be turned in line with the slot in the bit, and then the cap and holder are movable together.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. A plane provided with a suitable bed having ledges longitudinal on its inside, a separate holder for the bit engaging said ledges, adjusting mechanism at the upper end of the bit to fasten the bit, and an adjustable bracket I or seat on which said mechanism is held, substantially as set forth.

2. The construction herein described consisting of a separate bed hired in the plane stock and having inside ledges, a separate holder for the plane iron orbit locking on said ledges, a longitudinally adjustable bracket at the top of said bed, and a fastening device for the plane iron or bit bearing upon said bracket, substantially as set forth.

3. The plane having a separate bed fixed centrally therein, said bed having longitudinal ribs or ledges upon its inside and a holder and screw to fasten the bit to said ledges, in combination with an adjustable bracket at the upper end of the bit provided with an adjusting screw and fastening and adjusting mechanism for the upper end of the bit resting upon the said bracket, substantially as set forth.

4. The plane stock having a metallic bed fixed therein and a bracket at its upper end adjustable in said bed, in combination with the bit, a substantially H shaped holder and a screw to secure said bit between its ends to the bed, and a screw in the upper end of the bit bearing upon said adjustable bracket, substantially as set forth.

5. The stock and the bed fastened in the stock and provided with ledges on its inside, a holder for the bit constructed to engage and slide on said ledges and to secure the bit, in combination with a bracket in the upper end of the bed, and a screw to adjust the bracket, a threaded bearing in the upper end of the bit and a thumb screw in said bearing engaging said bracket, substantially as set forth.

Witness my hand to the foregoing specifcation this 5th day of April, 1893.

JOHN M. COLE.

Witnesses :
H. T. FISHER,
GEORGIA SCHAEFFER.

No. 453,524 – Bench-Plane (Saverio Tuoti) (1891)

[paiddownloads id=”474″]453524

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAVERIO TUOTI, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 453,524, dated June 2, 1891.
Application filed August 7, 1888. Serial No. 282,165. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAVERIO TUOTI, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Bench-Plane, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to bench-planes for wood-workers’ use, and has for its object to provide a simple, easy-working, efficient, and durable plane of this character.

The invention consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts of the plane, all as hereinafter described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accoinpanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of my improved bench-plane, taken on the line x x in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the plane partly broken away and in section. Fig. 3 is a bottom face view of the plane partly broken away. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section of the plane, taken on the line y y in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a cross-section taken on the line z z in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a top perspective view of the plane iron or cutter, and Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view of the nut and part of the screw by which the cutter is adjusted endwise.

The plane-stock A is made with the usual top recess a, which opens to a throat or passage a’, up through which escape the shavings made by the cutter B, which rests on or at the inclined bottom face or wall of the recess.

In the plane-stock and at the lower inclined wall of the recess a there is formed a groove or recess to accommodate a screw C, which is fitted at its forward end in a metal step-bearing c, set into the stock, and at its rear part is reduced in diameter at two places c’ c2, which form journals which are fitted, respectively, to a split box or bearing D and a block E. The two halves or parts of the bearing D are screwed or otherwise fixed to the plane-stock, and the block E is also a nut, into which is fitted a transversely-ranging screw F, which is journaled to or in the plane-stock and cannot move endwise, and has a head or finger-piece f which is accommodated in a recess made in the side of the plane-stock and does not project beyond the stock, and thus does not interfere with the free working of the plane.

The nut E is provided with an upper lug e, which fits laterally within the slot b’ of the plane iron or bit B, and the nut is laterally slotted at e’, where the main adjusting-screw C passes through it, and whereby as the screw F is turned the nut E may be caused to move laterally either way in the plane-stock, and the nut-lug e will shift the back end of the plane-iron laterally to adjust the cutting-edge of the iron properly with relation to the working-face of the plane either before or after the iron has been adjusted endwise by the main screw C, working in a nut G, fitted on it, and as presently explained. It will be noticed that the bearing and nut D E, by fitting the reduced parts of the screw C, prevent endwise motion of the screw.

The nut G is preferably formed with pendent end lugs g’ g’, into which the screw C is fitted, and at its upper face the nut is provided with a series of transverse notches g, into which one or more transverse bars b, which cross the plane-iron slot b’, are adapted to enter when the plane-iron is adjusted in the stock.

The wedge H is provided at its lower face with a plate I, which is fixed to the wedge at one end and at its other or free end is adapted to bear on a cross-bar b of the plane-iron or on the adjusting-nut or on both the cross-bar and nut, and onto which the plate I, which is preferably elastic, may be forced by a screw J, fitted into the wedge and preferably into a metal nut j, set into it. The forward end or part of the wedge enters beneath a cross bar or rod K, fixed in the stock across its recess a, and the bar forms a fulcrum on which the wedge will rock when the screw J is tightened to cause its extrerne front end h’ to clamp the plane-iron down hard to the plane-stock very near the cutting-edge of the iron, and thus firmly hold it to prevent chattering of it when the plane is in use and assuring smooth clean work. The effect in this respect would be the same were the plate I dispensed with, in which case the screw J would bear directly on the plane-iron or on its adjusting-nut; but the plate I is preferably used, as it guards the plane-iron or its nut from injury by the end of the screw and assures a better clamping action of the wedge than would be afforded without it.

The screw C is provided at its rear end with a bevel-pinion c3, which meshes with a like pinion l3 on a short shaft l2, journaled in a bearing l’ on the plane-stock and provided with a head or finger-piece l, by turning which the screw C will be turned to shift the nut G for adjusting the plane-iron endwise for a finer or coarser cut, and which may be done without loosening the wedge-clamping screw. When the plane iron or cutter wears so it cannot be set farther ahead by operating the screw, the cross-bar b of the iron may be set into another front notch g after the nut is run back on the screw, this adjustment allowing all the tempered forward part of the iron to be used.

The plane-stock has the usual back and front handles A’ A2, andis also provided with a working-face of peculiar construction, the front part of which face is made adjustable backward or forward to narrow or broaden the shaving-throat a’ of the plane-stock, and as will next be described.

The larger section or portion M of the plane-face and its smaller adjustable section or portion N are made on the same general principle, or with a metal frame having strips of hard wood inserted in longitudinal grooves thereof. The face-section M is made with a cast-metal frame O, which has a broad cross-bar o behind the shaving-throat a’ of the plane-stock and beveled at the upper face to give substantial support to the plane-iron and to prevent undue wear of that part of the plane-face just behind the cutting-edge of the iron or at the back of the shaving-throat of the plane-stock, which usually wears quickly when made wholly or partly of wood. From each side of the cross-bar o there projects a forward ex-
tension o’ of the metal frame O, which form forward side parts m m of the main face-section M. These parts o’ o’ give support to the front sliding section N of the plane-face, as presently described, and at their front ends and above the section N they are connected and braced by a fIange-piece or bar m’, which is screwed to the front end of the plane-stock and really forms the front cross-bar or part of a flange o2, which projects upward all around the frame O and above its solid top plate o3 far enough to receive screws o4, which pass through the flange to hold the frame O and its front extensions o’ o’, or, in other words, the entire main plane-face section M m m, securely to the plane-stock.

Behind the metal cross-bar o and within the margin of the frame O said frame is provided with a series of longitudinally-ranging thin metal ribs or plates o5, which are cast on the back plate o3 of the frame and are set apart to provide spaces or form grooves between them, and into which are tightly fitted a series of hard-wood strips P, and the forward extensions o’ o’ of the frame O are also made hollow to accommodate like strips P, as most clearly shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5 of the drawings.

The plane-face section N consists of a metal frame R, the inner face-plate r of which is provided with side tongues r’ r’, which enter grooves made in the opposite front side extensions m m of the main plane-face section M. On the plate r and between end lips or flanges r2 r2 of the frame R there is cast a series of lips or plates r3, set apart to provide between them a series of grooves or spaces, into which are tightly fitted a series of hard-wood strips S, like those P of the other face-section M.

In the forward end of the plane-stock and above its face-section N is provided a transverse slot or groove t, which accommodates a nut-block T, fitted to threads of a screw U, which is journaled in the plane-stock and traverses the recess t, and is provided at one end with a finger-piece or head u, which works in a recess at the side of the stock, so as to be out of the way in working the plane. The ends of the lower part of the nut T are inclined the same way horizontally, and are preferably rounded a little, so as to enter a diagonally-ranging slot V, which is formed at the inner face of the adjustable plane-face section N and preferably in the back of the metal frame R of said section. It is obvious that as the screw U is turned in one direction the nut T will slide in the plane-stock recess t, which guides it laterally, and also in the diagonal recess V’ of the movable plane-face section N, and will slide said section forward to open the throat a’ farther or make it broader, and that by turning the screw U in the other direction the face-section N will be moved backward nearer to the cutting-edge of the plane-iron to narrow the shaving-throat a’ of the plane, as the nature of the work to be done may require.

It will be seen that the plane-iron B sets at quite a sharp angle with the working-face of the plane. Consequently it will cut very easily, and this feature, combined with the simple and efiicient means provided for adjusting the plane-iron endwise and laterally, as hereinbefore explained, and the adjustability of the face-section N to regulate the size of the shaving-throat a’, insures true and smooth working of the plane on any quality or grade of lumber, whether it be soft or hard.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with the plane-stock and its bit, of the longitudinal!y-extending screw having a bevel-gear on its outer end, a nut connecting the screw and the bit, and the transverse shaft l2, mounted on the stock under the upper end of the bit and having a bevel-gear at its inner end meshing with the screw-gear and provided at its outer end with an operating-handle, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a cutter and a longitudinal screw in the stock, a nut on the screw engaging the cutter for adjusting it endwise, a transversely-ranging screw, a nut thereon engaging the cutter for adjusting it laterally, and said nut slotted transversely for passage of the longitudinal screw, all arranged for operation substantially as herein set forth.

3. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a composite metal and wood main face-section in rear of the throat and having front side extensions m m extending to the front end of the stock, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide longitudinally in said side extensions to regulate the size of the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

4. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a composite metal and wood main rear face-section having longitudinally-extending front side extensions m m, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide in said extensions, said main face-section provided with an upwardly-projecting flange receiving the body of the plane-stock and provided with screw or other fastenings holding the face to the stock, substantially as herein set forth.

5. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face consisting of a main section M, having opposite front side extensions m m and comprising a metal frame having inserted wooden strips, and an adjustable front face-section fitted to slide in the extensions m to regulate the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

6. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face consisting of a main section having opposite front side extensions and an adjustable front face-section fitted to said extensions and comprising a metal frame having inserted wooden strips, substantially as herein set forth.

7. The combination, with the plane-stock, of a face made with a main section M, having front extensions m m and consisting of a metal frame O, having a cross-bar o behind the plane-throat and front extensions o’ o’, division plates or ribs O5, and wood strips P, set between the plates or ribs O5 and in the extensions o’, an adjustable front section N, fitted to slide in the extensions m m and consisting of a metal frame R, having division-plates r3, and wood strips S, set next said plates, and said frame O having an upwardly-projecting flange o2, receiving screw or other fastenings to hold the face to the plane-stock, substantially as herein set forth.

8. The combination, with the plane-stock or guides thereon, of a front endwise-adjustable face-section provided with a diagonal slot or recess, a transverse screw in the stock, and a nut fitted to said screw and to the diagonal slot of the adjustable face-section, substantially as shown and described, whereby as the screw is turned said face-section will be shifted to narrow or widen the shaving-throat of the plane, substantially as herein set forth.

9. The combination, with the plane-stock provided with a transverse groove t and a front endwise-adjustable face-section, as N, provided with a diagonal groove or recess V, of a screw U, journaled at said groove t, and a nut T, fitted on said screw and having upper and lower parts fitting the grooves t V, respectively, substantially as herein set forth.

SAVERIO TUOTI.

Witnesses:
HENRY L. GOODWIN,
C. SEDGWICK.

No. 439,061 – Bench-Plane (Jerome E. Greene) (1890)

[paiddownloads id=”467″]439061

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JEROME E. GREENE, OF TOCCOA, GEORGIA, ASSIGNOR
OF ONE-THIRD TO JOHN McJUNKIN, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 439,061, dated October 21, 1890.
Application filed November 30, 1889. Serial No. 332,142. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JEROME E. GREENE, a resident of Toccoa, in the county of Habersham and State of Georgia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Roller Bench-Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.

The object of my invention is to improve the efficiency of bench-planes and to provide simple and durable devices for adjusting and holding the bit, that can be quickly and conveniently operated; and it consists in the matters hereinafter described and pointed out.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section on line a b. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a roller, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a detail. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a corrugated roller. Fig. 5 is a partial section on line c d of Fig. 1, and Fig. 6 is a partial longitudinal section near one side of the plane.

The body of the plane is preferably made of metal having the side and bottom cast in one piece.

A cross-piece 1, situated just behind the location for the bit, may be cast with the other parts, and also two wedge-shaped pieces 2, one on each side. A handle, which may be secured to the body in any convenient manner, is denoted by 3.
In the present instance the handle is provided in its lower end with an undercut recess, which engages a suitable lug on the plane-body and is then fastened in such position by a screw, as indicated in Fig. 1. A bit is indicated by 4. It is placed on the inclined front side of the support 1 and beneath the side parts 2. The latter at their lower extremities are reduced to a thin edge and receive above them a cap or plate 5, which is conveniently secured to the parts 2 by screws. The part 1 strengthens the plane-body. It also supports the bit at its lower part in a horizontal direction, the slipping of the bit in an approximately vertical direction being prevented by a locking or clamping device which forces the bit against suitable bearings. The spring 5 is made sufficiently strong to force the lower end of the bit upon said support 1.

The bit is locked in any desired position by means of an eccentric 6, journaled in any suitable manner, as by securing-bones 7, having bearings for a rod, bar, or pin 8 to the sides of the plane-body. These bearings are open on the side toward the bit, as indicated in in Fig. 1, and permit the rod 8 with the cam to be inserted or removed when desired by suitably turning them and taking out the bit, if necessary. A handle 9 affords means for suitably moving the eccentric, the bit being released by raising the handle, and gripped or locked by lowering it.

The cap 5 can be made of spring metal, and being prolonged beyond the bearings 2 and bent down upon the bit, as shown, will produce a spring-pressure upon the same. To relieve this tension, the spring-plate is released by loosening its retaining-screws.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, the cap is in close contact with its supports 2 throughout the entire length of the latter. It is obvious that if the cap is of suitable curved form and the compression applied by means of the screws is just sumcient to bend it down upon supports 2 they will appear as represented in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 6 an enlarged view is shown, indicating a small space between the cap and support, which could not be well indicated in Fig. 1. The cap at its lower end has a knife-edge, it being essential that it have a closely-fitted bearing on the bit. By the described construction the fastening together of a bit and its cap in manner heretofore practiced is avoided and the bit can be independently removed or inserted in the plane, and the adjustment of the bit to the cap requires no special attention, for the reason that the cap is permanently fixed in its proper position and the proper adjustment of the bit with reference to the bottom of the plane necessarily secures a suitable adjustment with respect to the cap.

In front of the bit is arranged a roller 10, which is preferably corrugated and is provided with circumferential shoulders 11, forming recesses adapting it to receive springs and be supported thereby. These springs are secured to the body of the plane — one near each side — in any convenient manner, as by screws 13, and a block or saddle 14, having bearings 15, rests upon the reduced ends of the roller immediately above the springs, and the roller is thus sustained between the springs and the bearing-blocks. It can be adjusted vertically to the extent of the resiliency of the springs by means of the screw 16, working through a cross-bar 17 secured in the side of the plane. By running the screw 16 up or down the vertical position of the roller is varied and also its distance from the bit. The bit can in this manner be set according to the nature of the wood or material upon which it is used and the kind of work to be done.

I am aware that rollers have been used in connection with plane-bits, and also devices for adjusting the bit and clamping it from the rear side thereof, and I do not broadly claim such features. I have, however, simplified prior constructions and added to the efficiency of the tool. It will be noted that parts 1 and 2 are cast solid with the body of the plane, and that the spring-plate bears upon the bit at both ends against the action of a simple cam, which latter is so arranged and supported that it is held in its bearings by the bit and can readily be inserted or removed by removing said bit. The structure is quite simple and the parts easily assembled and regulated, and the bit is held very securely. The roller, supported on horizontal springs in or very close to the lower face of the plane, is adapted to bear on the object being planed. The grooves or recesses forming shoulders at the ends of the rollers receive these springs, which lie in a horizontal direction just above the bottom of the plane. The bearing-block 14 rests in the same recesses and embraces the reduced ends of the roller in manner to prevent lateral displacement holding the roller adjustable against the action of the springs.

Having thus described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is —

1. In a bench-plane, the combination of the transverse part 1, having a rearwardly-inclined front, the wedge-shaped side parts 2, said parts 1 and 2 being cast solid with the body of the plane, with the bit and the eccentric having journals supported in boxes 7, fixed to the sides of the plane, adapted to press the bit against the bottom of the side pieces, substantially as set forth.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination ofthe transverse part 1, having the inclined front, the wedge-shaped side pieces 2, the bit, the cap fixed upon said side pieces and pressing upon the bit at both its ends, and the eccentric having journals supported in boxes 7, fixed to the sides of the plane, with a handle adapted to press the bit against the bottom of the side pieces and against the cap, substantially as set forth.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination of the bit with a roller, springs secured in the bottom of the plane for supporting the said roller near the edge of the bit, and means for pressing the roller upon its spring-supports, substantially as set forth.

4. In a bench-plane, the combination of the bit, the recessed roller, springs extending into the recesses to support the roller, bearing-blocks resting in said recesses upon the upper side of said roller, and an adjusting-screw for varying the pressure of the bearing-blocks upon the roller, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JEROME E. GREENE.

Witnesses:
JOHN McJUNKIN,
E. P. SIMPSON.

No. 415,918 – Plane (Wilhelm Meister) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”456″]415918

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILHELM MEISTER, OF APOLDA, SAXE-WEIMAR-EISENACH, GERMANY.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 415,918, dated November 26, 1889.
Application filed May 28, 1889. Serial No. 312,470. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILHELM MIEISTER, manufacturer, of Apolda, in the Grand Duchy of Sane-Weimar-Eisenach and German Empire, have invented new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to carpenters’ planes, and has for its object to provide a carpenter’s plane which will be strong and durable, and in which the bit will be effectively held from slipping.

The invention consists in a carpenter’s plane constructed as hereinafter described and claimed.

Figure 1 is a side view, in elevation, of a plane constructed in accordance with this invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section; and Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line A A, Fig. 2.

Heretofore in the ordinary construction of carpenters’ planes with an opening extending through the stock from top to bottom and an adjustable bit or planing-iron located in the opening it has been found that the stock is considerably weakened and is liable to be broken, owing to the opening extending through the stock from top to bottom. Moreover, the bit in such construction is apt to slip. To obviate these objections, I have devised the following construction: d indicates the stock of a carpenter’s plane formed, instead of the old form of opening extending through the stock from top to bottom, with an opening e, extending through the bottom and sides of the stock, the opening in the sides being of such size as to permit the shavings to pass out laterally from the stock. The opening e, as shown, extends only part way toward the top of the stock. Within the opening e is located the bed-plate b, secured by screws c, and upon the bed-plate b is located the bit or planing-iron a, held by the clamping-plate f and the screws g, engaging the bed-plate b. The heads of the screws g are formed with cross-slots or holes g’,with which a tool inserted laterally into the opening e may be engaged. The bit a, is formed with a slot a’ open at its rear end, so that the bit may be slid, by means of the slot a’, into engagement with and removed from the screws g. By loosening the screws g with a tool inserted laterally into the opening e the bit a may be adjusted and then secured by tightening the screws g.

By means of this invention a strong stock is provided, the bit maybe quickly and readily adjusted, and will be held from slipping.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

l. A carpenter’s plane having a stock with an opening for the bit extending part way toward the top of the stock and through its sides for the escape of shavings, a bit with a slot open at the rear end of the bit, and a bed-plate, clamping-plate, and screws, substantially as shown and described.

2. A carpenter’s plane having a stock with an opening for the bit extending part way toward the top of the stock and through its sides for the escape of shavings, a bit, bed-plate, clamping-plate, and screws, the screws having heads with cross-slots, substantially as shown and described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

WILHELM MEISTER.

Witnesses:
RICHARD MEISTER,
JULIUS MEISEL.

No. 406,605 – Carpenter’s Plane (Reinhard T. Torkelson) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”451″]406605

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

REINHARD T. TORKELSON, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS,
ASSIGNOR TO IVER JOHNSON, OF SAME PLACE.

CARPENTER’S PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 406,605, dated July 9, 1889.
Application filed November 23, 1888. Serial No. 291,675. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, REINHARD T. TORKELSON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city and county of Worcester, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carpenters’ Planes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which —

Figure 1 represents a side view, partly in section, of a bench-plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan of the lower part of the cutter with my improved cap secured thereon, as hereinafter more fully described. Figs. 3 and 4 are transverse sections through said cutter and cap, taken on lines a and b in Fig. 2, respectively, looking in the direction of the arrow in said figure. Fig. 5 is a central longitudinal section through the cutter and cap, taken on line c, Fig. 2; and Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the detachable angle-plate employed for adjustably fastening the cap to the cutter, as hereinafter specified.

To enable those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to better understand the nature and purpose thereof, I will now proceed to describe it more in detail.

My said invention relates to improvements upon the carpenter’s plane patented by O. R. Chaplin in the United States under date of May 7, 1872, No. 126,519; and it consists of improvements in the construction of the cutter and cap, as hereinafter set forth.

In the drawings, the part A represents the plane-stock; B, its handle; C, its knob for holding the front end of the plane; D, the cutter; E, the cap; F, the supporting-saddle, fastened at its lower end to the boss G, projecting up and backfrom the bottom of the stock.

H is the clamp, having the lugs d upon each side adapted to catch under the sides of the saddle.

I is the thumb-screw for operating said clamp.

J is a screw-cam fitted to turn on the stationary pin e.

K is a half-nut projecting down from the upper end of the saddle and engaging with said screw-cam, and L is a lever for operating through the screw-cam and half-nut the saddle and cutter longitudinally.

Any further description of the old parts of the plane may be obtained, if desired, by reference to the patent previously alluded to.

My improvements in the cutter and cap are as follows: Instead of fastening the cap E to the clamp H, as in said Chaplin patent, it is in this instance fastened to the cutter D by forming a transverse opening f in said cutter to receive a transverse angle-plate M, which is passed up through the cutter from the under side, so as to form a holding-loop above the cutter. Through said loop is passed the longitudinal tongue or blade g, formed on the cap E, whereby said cap is held in position. The tongue or blade is made curving or bow-shaped lengthwise, so as to produce a constant pressure upward against the holding angle-plate when it is slipped under the same, and the cap is also provided with two flanges h h, one at each side of the tongue or blade, curved downward, and bearing at their ends upon the top surface of the cutter, the purpose of the latter being to hold the edge j of the cap elevated above the cutter to prevent injury to the cutting-edge of said cutter in the operation of placing the cap in position thereon. Although said flanges h h are preferable for the above purpose, I do not limit myself thereto, as the same result may be obtained by forming the cap so as to bear upon the cutter in a similar manner at any suitable point between the sides or edges thereof, said modification consisting simply in changing the positions of said bearing-points. The same will be readily understood without special illustration in the drawings. The angle-plate is held in position in the cutter against the upward pressure produced by the spring tongue or blade g by means of ears or projections k k, formed upon each end thereof, adapted to bear upon and hold against the under side of the cutter. Said ears are preferably recessed into said cutter, as is shown in Fig. 4, so as to bring the bottoms of said plate and cutter flush with each other. It is also preferable to make the edges of the ears slightly beveled or inclined and the ends of the opening in the cutter correspondingly beveled, as is indicated at l l in Figs. 4 and 6, for the purpose of holding the angle-plate in the cutter after having been sprung into position therein when the cap is not fitted thereto. In practice only a slight bevel is required to effect the desired result. Consequently the plate may be easily sprung into position, as aforesaid. As so slight a bevel would not be perceptible in illustrating the same, I have shown quite a sharp bevel in the drawings, and considerably greater than would be employed in practice.

In fitting the cap to the cutter the angle-plate is first passed up through the opening in said cutter and forced into position, after which said cap is placed on the cutter and its spring tongue or blade g slipped up through the loop formed by the angle-plate projecting above the surface of the cutter. The cap is then adjusted accurately, as required, to govern the thickness of the shaving to be cut, when the cutter, with the cap thus adjusted and secured thereon, is placed in the plane and clamped in position, as in the Chaplin and other planes, by means of the clamp H and its thumb-screw.

Although my invention is more particularly designed to be used in the manufacture of planes whose stock is made of metal, it is equally applicable to other kinds of planes. By thus securing the cap to the cutter, as hereinbefore described, it will at once be manifest to those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains that said cap, being susceptible of adjustment to the cutter before fitting said cutter in position, renders said operation more easy to perform, and also admits of a more accurate adjustment than when said adjustment is made after the cutter has been placed in position. A construction whereby said result may be accomplished is the main purpose of this invention.

If desired, a holding-loop may be formed upon or secured to the cutter to take the place of the detachable angle-plate M. The construction described, however, is preferable.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. A combined cutter and cap for carpenters’ planes, comprising, in combination, the cutter having a suitable transverse holding-loop above its top surface and the cap having a longitudinal spring tongue or blade adapted to be passed through said loop to hold the cap in position during and after adjustment upon the cutter preparatory to the application thereof to the plane, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of the cutter D with the detachable angle-plate M, fitted transversely in a suitable opening therein, and the cap E, having the longitudinal spring tongue or blade g, adapted to be passed through the loop formed by said angle-plate when fitted in position in the cutter, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of the cutter D with the detachable angle-plate M, fitted transversely in a suitable opening therein, and the cap E, having the supporting side flanges h hand the longitudinal spring tongue or blade g, the latter adapted to be passed through the loop formed by said angle-plate when iitted in position in the cutter, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a bench-plane, the combination, with the cutter D, having a transverse opening with beveled sides, of the detachable angle-plate M, having flanges with the edges thereof beveled to correspond with the sides of the opening in the cutter, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a bench-plane, the combination, with the cutter D, having a transverse opening with beveled sides, of the detachable angle-plate M, having flanges with the edges thereof beveled ito correspond with the sides of the opening in the cutter and the tongue or blade of cap E, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination of the stock, saddle, and clamp device of a bench-plane with the cutter D, provided with a transverse loop above its top surface, and the cap E, having the supporting-flanges h h, and the tongue or blade g, the latter adapted to be passed through said loop to hold the cap upon the cutter during and after adjustment preparatory to the application thereof to the plane, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

REINHARD T. TORKELSON.

Witnesses:
A. A. BARKER,
W. B. NOURSE.

No. 398,247 – Plane (Henry Fry) (1889)

[paiddownloads id=”445″]398247

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY FRY, OF EUGENE CITY, OREGON.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 398,247, dated February 19, 1889.
Application filed September 13, 1888. Serial No. 285,311. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY FRY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Eugene City, in the county of Lane and State of Oregon, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in carpenters’ planes; and it consists in the novel construction and combination of the parts thereof, as will be more fully hereinafter described and claimed.

The object of my invention is to construct a plane wherein the depth of cut of the bit may be adjusted while the plane is in motion without readjusting the bit after the initial setting thereof. I attain this object by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like letters of reference are used to designate similar parts in the several views, and in which —

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a plane, showing my improved construction in connection therewith. Fig. 2 is a detail perspective view of the bit-guard.

S indicates the stock, having the handle s, bit aperture or well s’, and bit and wedge W, all of which are well known in the art.

The improvement consists in securely hinging to the back end of the stock S a movable shoe or bottom, B. To the forward part of the shoe B a stationary flanged socket-nut, E, is secured, the screw-threaded socket thereof projecting upward into and movable in a recess formed in the stock S. An elongated rod, A, having a lower screw-threaded end to engage the screw-threaded socket of nut E and a top projecting knob for engagement by the operator passes through an aperture in the plane-stock. The said rod A immediately under the top knob is provided with a collar, a; and over this collar and fitted into the top surface of the stock is a plate or plates for holding the said collar and screw-rod down and preventing the same rising from the stock.

To prevent the bit from springing backward when striking knots or when cutting deep in hard wood, due to its extended projection from the bottom of the stock to accommodate the improved construction, I provide a guard-casting, F, which is secured to the bottom of the stock adjacent to the bit-end. This guard consists of a horizontal plate, f having screw-holes therein, and an obliquely-arranged plate, f’, integrally formed with its forward end. The oblique plate f’ has its lower edge beveled, and the greater part thereof projects below plate f. When this guard is adjusted in position, the plate f’ thereof bears against the lower end of the bit and prevents the same from springing backward. The part of plate f’ above plate f sinks into the wood or metal of the stock and firmly re-enforces the guard at this point.

The shoe B, working on the hinge and adjusted by the screw-rod A, virtually raises and lowers the plane-bit from and toward the surface planed, causing it to out a light or heavy shaving at the will of the operator, and the adjustment set forth may be readily attained while the plane is in motion, thereby saving the time and labor involved in setting the bits of planes now in use.

In using an iron plane-stock with a wooden shoe, B, two bosses or lugs cast with the back end of the stock would make the hinging of said shoe practicable, and the screw-rod A would then work through the iron stock.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. In a plane,the combination, with a stock having a bit-well therein, of an elongated shoe hinged thereto and solid throughout with the exception of a slot therein for the passage of the bit therethrough, a screw-rod for adjusting said shoe, and a casting composed of a horizontal member secured to the bottom of the stock adjacent to the bit-well, and a front integral member arranged at an angle to said horizontal member, and against which the bit has bearing at its lower end, substantially as described.

2. A plane comprising a, stock with at bit-well, an elongated shoe hinged to the rear end of the stock and having a flanged set-nut secured therein near the front end, a revoluble screw-rod in the stock engaging the set-nut, and a casting, F, having a horizontal member, f, secured to the bottom of the stock, and integral oblique member f’, bearing against the lower end of the bit, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HENRY FRY.

Witnesses:
W. R. McCORMACK,
JOEL WARE.

No. 384,844 – Plane (Andre S. Haynes) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”438″]384844

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ANDRE S. HAYNES, OF ROME, NEW YORK.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 384,844, dated June 19, 1888.
Application filed March 13, 1888. Serial No. 267,076. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANDRE S. HAYNES, of Rome, in the county of Oneida and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, which forms part of this specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in planes; and it consists in, first, the combination of the frame or body of the plane, a pivoted spring-actuated cutter-holder, a connecting-rod, and a lever which is used in connection with the handle for making the cutter-holder movable; second, the combination of the body or frame of the plane, a pivoted spring-actuated cutter-holder, a connecting-rod, a pivoted lever used in connection with the stationary handle, and a set-screw for regulating the distance the handle shall move the cutter, as will be more fully described hereinafter.

The object of my invention is to produce a plane in which the force used in propelling the plane forward is made to bring the cutter into position for operation, but which cutter, as soon as the grasp of the hand is relaxed as the plane is drawn backward, will move upward in the slot in the body or frame, so that its edge will not drag along upon the lumber, and to make the lever used in connection with the handle adjustable, so that the cutter can be held rigidly in position or the distance that it shall move upward out of contact with the lumber be regulated.

The accompanying drawing represents a vertical section of a plane which embodies my invention.

A represents an ordinary metallic plane body or frame,which is provided with the handle X at its front end and with the handle D near its rear one, and which handles are secured to the frame in any suitable manner. Pivoted upon the lower end of the handle D, at F, is the lever E,which forms a portion of the handle and lever by means of which the cutter is moved into position for work. In the upper end of the lever E is made a recess, O, in which the head of the set-screw N is made to catch. This screw N passes through the lever E into the handle D and serves to regulate the distance the lever E shall move. When the screw N is screwed up tightly, so as to force the lever E in contact with the handle D, the cutter is held in position so that it has no movement whatever, and then operates like an ordinary plane. When the screw N is unscrewed a short distance, the lever E is forced backward by means of the springs M and the connecting-rod G, and thus regulates the distance that the cutter shall be moved upward in the slot in the bottom of the frame or body.

Pivoted to the lower end of the lever E at the point H is the rod G, which is pivoted at its front end by the pin I to the lower portion of the cutter-holder B. This cutter-holder is pivoted upon the frame or body A at C, and has connected to it a spring, M, upon each side of the body or frame, and which springs serve to hold the lower end of the cutter-holder B and the cutter J in a raised position in relation to the slot P. The devices for securing the cutter to the cutter-holder B are old, and hence need not be more fully described in this connection. This lever E is first moved so as to depress the lower end of the cutter-holder, and then the cutter is adjusted into an operative position. When the lever E is released, the spring M instantly raises the lower end of the cutter and the cutter-holder upward, so that the lower edge of the cutter will be raised above the piece of timber that is being dressed. In order to regulate the distance the cutter-holder and cutter shall move downward, suitable stops, Q, are formed upon the body A, and corresponding stops, R, formed upon the back of the cutter-holder. These stops prevent the lower edge of the cutter from ever being forced down below a certain point.

When the handle D and lever E are taken hold of and the plane is forced forward, the connecting-rod G causes the cutter-holder B to turn upon its pivots C, and thus move the lower edge of the cutter downward through the slot P into an operative position. When the pressure or grasp of the hand is released in drawing the plane backward, the springs M instantly raise the lower end of the cutter-holder so that the lower edge of the cutter is raised in the slot P, so as not to come in contact with the lumber while the plane is being drawn backward, and thus prevent the edge of the cutter from becoming dulled, and to make the operation of drawing the plane back easier. As above stated, when it is not desired that the cutter-holder and cutter shall have any movement, it is only necessary to tighten the screw N, and the lower end of the lever E will move the rod G endwise until the stops upon the rear side of the cutter-holder strike against the stops on the body A, when the plane will act like an ordinary one.

Having thus described my invention, I claim —

1. The combination with the body or frame, of a movable cutter-holder, the cutter secured thereto, a connecting-rod, the handle, and a lever loosely connected to both the rod and the handle and adapted to be grasped with the handle, substantially as shown.

2. The combination of the body or frame of the plane, with the pivoted spring-actuated cutter-holder, the cutter secured thereto, a connecting-rod, and a pivoted lever which is operated by the forward pressure of the hand in moving the plane forward, substantially as described.

3. The combination of the stationary handle D, the lever E, pivoted thereon, the adjusting setscrew N, the connecting-rod, the pivoted spring-actuated holder, and the cutter, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of the body or frame of the plane, provided with stops, a spring-actuated cutter-holder provided with stops near its lower end, the cutter secured to the holder, the connecting-rod fastened to the lower end of the cutter-holder, the stationary handle, the lever pivoted upon the handle and connected at its lower end to the connecting rod, and an adjusting device for regulating the amount of movement which shall be given to the cutter, substantially as specified.

5. The combination, in a plane, of a cutter-holder having a cutter secured thereto, a spring-actuated lever connected to the handle, and a rod which connects the lever and the cutter-holder together, whereby the cutter is depressed by the lever as the plane is forced forward and is returned to position by the spring as the plane is drawn backward, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ANDRE S. HAYNES.

Witnesses:
P. R. HUGGINS,
K. S. PUTNAM.

No. 383,234 – Bench-Plane (Thomas H. B. Millsap) (1888)

[paiddownloads id=”436″]383234

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

THOMAS H. B. MILLSAP, OF HARPER, KANSAS.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 383,234, dated May 22, 1888.
Application filed April 13, 1887. Serial No. 234,678. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS H. B. MILLSAP, of Harper, in the county of Harper and State of Kansas, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, and in which —

Fig. I is a perspective view of a bench-plane with my improved attachments, showing the action of the friction-spring side wedges in front and the pivoted adjustable abutment-clamp behind. Fig. II is a perspective view of one of the spring-wedges, showing its friction-surface for engagement with the abutment-shoulder of the stock. Fig. III is a longitudinal transverse section showing the bit-iron and the break-iron secured thereto, clamped intheirbcd in thestock by the spring-wedge and the adjustable abutting-clamp. Fig. IV is a detail side view, showing the adjustable abutment screw-clamp thrown back on its pivot in its inoperative position, and Fig. V is a modification of the friction spring adapted for use with heavy jointer-planes, &c. , having at its upper end an elongated bearing-surface that engages with the bit or break iron and a solid tapping-head, by striking which it is driven home to tighten the iron and back again to release it.

My invention relates to devices for adjusting and securing benchplane irons; and the invention consists in features of novelty hereinafter fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, in which similar distinguishing figures indicate like parts in all the views, 1 represents the plane-stock, 2 the bit-iron, 3 the break-iron, which is adjustably secured to the bit-iron by the usual means, consisting of the coupling-screw 4, that works in the elongated slots 5 of the bit-iron and screws into the break-iron at 6.

7 is the inclined bed on which the bit-iron rests, and 8 is the elongated channe-groove in said bed to give adjustable room for the head of the screw 4.

9 are the friction-spring side wedges that conjointly press against the abutment-shoulders 10 of the stock and the bit or break iron. These springs are preferably made of good steel, and are looped around at top to provide circular handles 11 and curved upward onthe under side, both next the handles and the points 12, and thus form a semi-elliptic spring, which is flattened between said curves to present the friction surfaces 13 on their upper sides, which engage with the abutment-shoulders of the stock. The said friction-surfaces are roughened to give them grip-holds of the stock to prevent their slipping. (See Fig. I, II, and III.)

A rnodification of the springs is shown in Fig. V, and is intended for use with jointers and other large planes. The point, friction-surface, and arched curve are similar in these spring-wedge to those already described, but instead of the circular handle with which the former are provided, these are furnished at their upper ends with elongated bearing-surfaces 14 on their under sides that are seated on the bit or break iron, and they have also solid tapping heads 15, by striking which they are driven home to tighten the iron. and back again to loosen it.

16 is the adjustable abutting pedestal, which is connected by a pivot pin, 17, to the strap-hinge 18, that is secured to the stock. The pedestal is furnished with points 19 at its base, which points seat themselves in the stock under the pressure to which they are exposed, and with the re enforcement of the hinge by which the pedestal has pivotal connection with the stock is provided a firm vantage-ground, from which the abutting device connected with said pedestal can work.

20 is the thumb-screw whose screw-threaded end engages in the socket-screw 21 in the pedestal, and with its center point 23, which should be of hard tempered steel, and the said pedestal forms the abutting device to adjustably back the plane iron. The thumb-screw is operated by the friction disk 22, that is rigidly secured thereto.

The means of operating the device is as follows: The plane iron and break iron having been rightly adjusted and coupled in the usual manner and laid in their bed, the center point of the thumb-screw may be brought into close proximity with the back of the plane-iron by turning the friction-disk. The friction-spring side wedges are then driven down between the abutment-shoulders of the stock and the bit or break iron, and the abutting thumb-screw is turned to adjust the backing of the iron. The thumb-screw can be turned until its center point is exactly on a line with the inclined bed that the iron occupies in the stock, or it may, when preferred, be projected upward sufficiently to raise the upper end of theiron from its bed. In the latter position it furnishes a lively cutting-grip to the edge of the plane-iron, as the iron having play between the foot of the inclined bed to the point of contact of the abutment-screw gives a spring action to the edge not otherwise attainable. In either case, whether the iron is sprung above from its bed or not,the abutment screw, backing the iron at a point much higher than the usual backing against the inclined bed of the stock, furnishes a much firmer hold and efficient leverage on the iron than can be attained bythe shorter backing of the stock-bed. This feature is of special advantage in dressing cross-grained boards or timber, where the increased leverage that it gives to the hold of the iron prevents the trembling of the same.

Another, and it may be equally important, feature in the device is, that it leaves an open unobstructed vent for the escape of the shavings, which, with the wooden wedge hitherto used, that stretches across the whole slot of the stock, often becomes choked by the wedge, which blocks their ascent, and this causes the plane to choke.

The modification shown in Fig. V provides spring friction-wedges especially adapted for use in jointers and other heavy planes. It will be seen that except for the upper parts of the wedges they are counterparts of those shown in the other figures; but to adapt them to the heavy work which they are required to perform they are furnished at their upper ends with elongated bearing-surfaces on their under side, that are seated on the bit or break iron when the wedge is driven home, and, instead of the circular open head of the other wedges, have a solid head adapted to be tapped by a hammer or mallet when either driven home or released from its hold.

I claim as my invention —

1. In abench-plane, the combination, with the bit-iron and break-iron secured thereto, of spring-friction side wedges and pivoted abutment-pedestal having a center-pointed thumb screw adapted to adjust and secure said bit and break iron, substantially as set forth.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination, with the bit-iron, break-iron, and the stock having abutment-shoulders, of friction-wedges having spring-arches fiattened at their apices and adapted to engage with the abutment-shoulders of the stock, and an abutment-pedestal having a center-pointed thumb-screw, which, in conjunction with the said wedges, is adapted to adjust and hold the plane-irons to their place in the stock, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with the stock having abutment-shoulders and the bit and break iron, of a pivoted abutment-pedestal having a thumb screw adapted to engage the bit-iron, and spring-wedges engaging between the plane-irons and the abutment shoulders of the stock, said wedges being so arranged that there will be no intrusion on the chamber of the stock, to allow free vent for the shavings, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with the stock, bit and brake irons, of spring friction-wedges adapted to clamp the bit and break irons in front, a pivoted abutment-pedestal having a pointed projection adapted to engage the stock, anda pointed thumb-screw engaging in the end of said pedestal and adapted to adjust their backing and lengthen the lever-hold of said irons in the bed of the stock, and thereby steady their cutting action, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with the stock and its abutment-shoulders and the bit and break irons, of spring friction-wedges engaging between the front of the irons and the abutment-shoulders of the stock, leaving free vent between them for the escape of shavings, and a pivoted abutment-pedestal having a center-pointed rotary screw adjustable as an abutting support to the back of the irons, substantially as set forth.

THOMAS H. B. MILLSAP.

In presence of —
A. W. SKINNER,
F. W. HAWSER.

No. 355,031 – Bench-Plane (Samuel D. Sargent) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”418″]355031

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL D. SARGENT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO
THE STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 355,031, dated December 28, 1886.
Application filed September 6, 1886. Serial No. 212,803. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL D. SARGENT, a citizen oi the United States, residing at New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in bench-planes, and has particular relation to the manner of holding the cutting-bit within the stock.

One object of my improvement is to produce a plane in which the bit can be clamped by fewer and more direct motions, and therefore more conveniently, than heretofore.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my plane. Fig. 2 is a side view of the same, partly in section and partly in elevation. Fig. 3 is a like view with the holding-cap placed in position with its lever raised ready for clamping the bit. Fig. 4. is a plan view of my holding-cap and its lever detached from the plane, and Fig. 5 is a like view of the reverse side of the same.

The stock A and the means for adjusting the cutting-bit after it is clamped within said stock may be of any ordinary construction.

B designates a headed screw set in a threaded hole in the frog or stock in the ordinary manner of this class of planes, so that by screwing it in or out the distance between the under side of the screw-head and the upper side of the cutting-bit C may be adjusted. A fixed stud with an adjustable head or a headed bolt adjusted by a nut would be the equivalent of this screw.

D is the holding cap or wedge, having a hole near its center, as viewed in plan view, which hole is large enough to let the head of the screw B pass through it. Pivoted to this cap by means of the pintle a is the clamping-lever E, the upper end of which is preferably of a form which will serve as a handle for the plane, while its lower and short end is slotted to take under the head of the screw upon two sides. The slot in this lever opens into the central hole in the cap. Said slot also extends both forward and backward of the pintle a, and hence said pintle is in two parts — one on each side of said slot — as indicated by the broken lines in Fig. 5.

The holding-cap is so formed on its under side as to bear upon the cutter only at the ends of said cap. After setting the bit in place the holding-cap and attached lever are placed on the bit (or on the cap-iron in case of a double plane-iron) by letting the central hole pass over the screw-head, then slipping the holding-cap downward to let the slotted end of the lever under the head of the screw, as shown in Fig. 3. The long end of the lever E is then depressed, when said lever fulcrums on the under side of the screw-head and carries the holding-cap downward into the position shown in Fig. 2, in which the pintle a (indicated by the broken circle) is slightly in advance of the lever on the screw-head, and consequently the pressure on the screw will hold the lever in its clamping position. If the adjusting-screw is properly set, the bit will be then firmly clamped. In putting in the clamping device the operator takes hold of the handle only and sets the holding-cap in place, then merely presses the outer end of the handle obliquely downward with only one motion. It will thus be seen that in clamping the bit the movement of the cap and lever-handle is practically in the same direction — forward and downward — and therefore these parts are more conveniently handled than parts which require to be moved in reverse directions — as, for instance, when the lever requires to be first moved backward and upward, as is the case in several prior planes. The clamping mechanism is also believed to be very efficient.

I claim as my invention —

In a plane, the combination of the holding-screw B, the holding-cap D, adapted to bear at each end upon the bit, and the clamping-lever pivoted or hinged to said cap between the bearing ends and having its upper face adapted to engage and fulcrum upon the under side of the screw-head, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

SAMUEL D. SARGENT.

Witnesses:
F. N. STANLEY,
W. J. WORAM.

No. 334,943 – Plane (August Doll) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”404″]334943

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

AUGUST DOLL, OF LENA, ILLINOIS.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 334,943, dated January 26, 1886.
Application filed November 11, 1885. Serial No. 182,435. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AUGUST DOLL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lena, in the county of Stephenson and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specidcation, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to improvements in planes, and is designed to produce a device for adjusting and removing the bit, that shall be readily attachable to the body of an ordinary plane.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of a portion of a plane-body with the improved device attached thereto; Fig. 2, detail views of the wedge-operating lever; Fig. 3, a detail showing the bed-block for the bit-operating screw; Fig. 4, details of the bit-operating screws, and Fig. 5 a modified form of connection between the wedge and its operating-lever.

The plane-body A has a recess, B, for the bit C and a portion of the mechanism.

The bed~plate D of the bit-adjusting mechanism is a frame consisting of a plate with triangular end wings, and rests on the body to the rear of the bit C, and is secured to said body by screws or otherwise. This bed~piece D has a central threaded passage for the screw E, which is provided with a head with an annular recess or groove, F, Fig. 4. In this groove engages an arm of an L-casting, G, the other arm of which carries a screw-rod, H, passing through the bit C near the top thereof, and clamped to the same by a thumb-nut, I. The casting G being secured to the bit and to the screw E, when the latter is turned, it must necessarily carry the said bit up or down, and thus presents an easy means of adjustment for the same. By boring a hole through the said bit and screwing the bed-piece in place, the attachment is secured to any plane, and in working order.

Extending across the recess B, just in front of the wedge K, is the fulcrum or pivot-rod. L of the lever M, which is provided at its upper end with an extension, N, carrying a thumb-screw, O, bearing normally on the top of the said wedge K. Just below the position of the rod L, the wedge is provided with a series of notches, P, or a single notch, as shown in Fig. 5. In these notches is adapted to engage a spur or tongue, B, forming the shorter arm of the lever M. The space between the rod L and the bit C being constant, as the wedge K is forced between them by the screw O, the said wedge must act to clamp the said bit in place. By loosening to screw O and throwing the lever M forward, the spur R will catch in the notches or notch P and move the wedge K upward, thus releasing the bit from pressure and allowing its adjustment, as stated.

In order to prevent wear, the notches are cut in a plate set in the wedge; or the lower edge of a plate is used, as in Fig. 5.

I claim —

1. In a plane, a wedge provided with one or more notches, a lever fulcrumed in front of said wedge, and provided with a spur or tongue for engaging said notches, and an adjusting screw normally engagiug the top of said wedge, and seated in the upper end of said lever, substantially as specified.

2. In a plane, an adjusting device consisting of a clamp-piece secured to the bit, and a screw having a seat secured to the body of the said plane and engaging said clamp-piece, combined with a bit-clamping device consisting of a wedge with a notch or notches on it, a lever fulcrumed in front of said wedge and having a spur or tongue engaging said notches, and an adjusting-screw seated in to top of said lever, and engaging with the upper end of said wedge substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

AUGUST DOLL.

Witnesses:
WILLIAM W. DAWS,
JARED C. HURD.

No. 334,324 – Plane (John Woods) (1886)

No. 334,324 – Plane (John Woods) (1886)

[paiddownloads id=”403″]334324

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN WOODS, OF COLUMBIA, TENNESSEE.

PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 334,324, dated January 12, 1886.
Application filed May 16, 1885. Serial No. 165,739. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN WOODS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Columbia, in the county of Maury and State of Tennessee, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in planes; and it consists in certain improved constructions and means for adjusting the knife or cutter-blade, whereby the proper adjustment may be made with facility and precision, all as will be hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claim.

In the accompanying drawings, in the different figures of which corresponding parts are denoted by similar letters of reference, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a common plane provided with my improvement; Fig. 2, a detail perspective of the cutter; Fig. 3, a detail perspective of the removable adjusting-block, and Fig. 4 a perspective of the plane with the wedge and knife removed.

The letter A designates the stock; B, the usual box. At the end of the box is secured a frame consisting of bars a and cross-bar a’, into which latter screws a long adjusting-screw, b, having a milled head, b’. To the lower end of this screw b is swiveled in any suitable manner the adjusting-block C, which has wings c extending over and sliding upon the side arms, a, of the frame. This adjusting-block also has a projection, d, formed with angular sides d’, which engage correspondingly-shaped notches or serrations in the sides of the longitudinal slot of the cutter D.

E is the usual wedge for firmly securing the cutter in place.

The operation of my adjusting device is as follows: The adjusting-screw, with its swiveled block C, being in place in the frame, the knife is put into the box so that two opposite serrations or notches will fit over the angular sides d’ of the projections d on said block, after which the wedge should be put in to loosely rest upon the blade. The blade is then elevated or lowered, by means of the screw b, until its cutting edge projects just the right distance beyond the sole of the plane, when the wedge may be driven down to further secure or clamp the blade from any movement in the box.

This construction of adjusting mechanism, it will be seen, is at once easily and quickly operated. As the blade becomes worn, the adjusting-block can be put into the next higher notches.

I do not limit myself to the exact configuration or number of notches and corresponding sides of the projections engaging them, or even to this particular means for securing the adjusting-block to the cutter or blade, as they may be obviously modified or changed and still come within the scope of my invention.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

The frame mounted in the rear of the box of a plane, a screw passing through a cross-bar therein, and a swiveled block on the end of said screw, having a projection with angular sides to engage the slot in the cutter or knife, combined with a cutter or blade with its longitudinal slot provided with notches or serrations in its sides corresponding in outline to that of the angular sides of the projection, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN VVOODS.

Witnesses:
Z. WATTS,
G. A. LANIER.

No. 323,804 – Bench-Plane (John P. Gage) (1885)

[paiddownloads id=”398″]323804

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN P. GAGE , OF VINELAND, NEW JERSEY.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 323,804, dated August 4, 1885.
Application filed April 23, 1885. (Model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. GAGE, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Vineland, in the county of Cumberland and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of a longitudinal section of my invention. Fig. 2 is a view of the cutter and the pivoted finger-lever removed from the plane. Fig. 3 is a view of the adjusting-screw and cutter-bearing removed. Fig. 4 is a detached view of the bearing-plate, and Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the fellow plate and cup-plate with the bearing-screw and casting applied.

This invention has relation to improvements in carpenters’ planes; and it consists in certain novel devices, as hereinafter set forth, and pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter A designates the body of the plane, which is formed with an oblique transverse slot, B, for the cutter and its. adjusting devices. C is the handle.

D is a metal bearing, which is set into the oblique slot B, and is secured therein. The lower face of this bearing is flush with the bearing-face of the plane-body, and may be made a little concave in its middle portions, or between its front and rear bearing-edges. This metal bearing is provided with an extension, E, backward and upward, which is slotted at F, and has a threaded bearing at G for the adjusting-screw H. It is also provided with lateral stops K.

L L are the elongated openings or slots through which the fastening-screws pass. A transverse bearing, m, is provided, usually in rounded or rod form, which is located upward and forward from the main face of the casting, on which the cutter rests.

N is the cutter, slotted at P, and provided with an under bearing, R, which is designed to engage the enlarged end a of the adjusting-screw. This bearing descends into the opening B of the casting D when the cutter is applied in position.

S is a lever having its fulcrum-bearing c in the slot of the cutter, and engaging a stud, d, of the bearing B, or of its fellow plate T, which is firmly secured to said bearing B, usually by a screw, e. The handle of the lever S projects backward and upward within easy reach of the fingers. The object of this lever movement is to enable the operator to adjust the cutter laterally, so that when its cutting-edge is inclined or out of trim a single movement of the lever to the right or left, as the case may require, will correct the deviation and bring the cutting-edge into true relation with the bearing-face of the plane. Other forms of lever-connections may be employed with the cutter, or the adjustment may be made by means of lateral screws, or a screw may be employed, extending downward and forward, to operate an eccentric in connection with the cutter. Many devices to effect this lateral adjustment of the cutter-plate will occur to those skilled in the art.

V is the cap-plate, which is adjustable by means of screws g g passing through siots h h, in the fastening-piece or top casting, V, which carries the bearing-screw Z. This top V is formed with a concave rounded bearing, k, adapted to engage the transverse rod an and hold the fastening-piece or cap-plate firmly in position.

Having described this invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. In a plane, the combination of the slotted cutter, the under bearing, B, having a stud, d, and operated by means of the adjusting-screw, the fellow plate, screw connecting the fellow plate and bearing R, lever S, and its fulcrum-bearing c, arranged in the slot of the cutter, substantially as specified.

2. The combination of the slotted cutter, a bearing arranged beneath the same, with a stud passing through the slot of the said cutter, a fellow plate connected with the said under bearing, the finger-lever, and its fulcrum-bearing, as c, arranged in the slot, wherby lateral deviations of the cutting-edge may be corrected, substantially as specified.

3. A plane having an lever adapted to correct deviations in the edge of the cutter, which lever has its lower end pivoted in a longitudinal slot of the cutter, and provided with a stud to engage and move laterally a fulcrum-bearing in the said slot, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN P. GAGE.

Witnesses:
THEO. MUNGEN,
PHILIP C. MASI.