Month: April 2012

No. 250,007 – Bench-Plane (George F. Sawyer) (1881)

[paiddownloads id=”317″]250007

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

GEORGE F. SAWYER, OF LIBERTY, TEXAS.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 250,007, dated November 22, 1881.
Application filed July 5, 1881. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE F. SAWYER, of Liberty, in the county of Liberty and State of Texas, have invented certain useful Improvements in Plane Attachments, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to prevent dulling the cutting-edge of a plane-iron by the backward movements of the plane.

The invention consists in a stirrup pivoted to the sides of the plane in such a manner that the transverse piece of the stirrup passes through a transverse groove in the under surface of the plane, this groove increasing in height toward the rear of the plane, so that when the plane is drawn backward it will be slightly raised by this stirrup, so that the cutting-edge of the plane-iron cannot slide on the board being planed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation of a plane provided with my improved attachment, the same being shown in the position it has when the plane is being moved backward. Fig. 2 is a like elevation, showing the plane moving forward. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional elevation of the same on the line x x, Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

A stirrup, A, of the same width as the plane B, has the outer surface of its transverse piece or bar C rounded or cylinder-shaped. This stirrup A is pivoted to the plane B in such a manner that the shanks of the stirrup extend into the recesses D in the lower parts of the sides of the plane, these recesses being united by a transverse groove, E, in the under or bearing surface of the plane, the transverse bar C passing through this groove. The groove increases in depth or height from the front to the rear on a curved line.

The operation is as follows: If the plane is moved in the direction of the arrow x’, as shown in Fig. 1, the stirrup A swings to the front edge of the recesses D, and is held in that position on account of the movement of the plane; but, the stirrup-shanks being longer than the distance from the pivot to the under side of the plane, the plane must be raised a short distance and the cutting-edge of the plane-iron G cannot slide on the board F, and consequently will not become dull or blunted; but when the plane is moved forward in the direction of the arrow y’, as shown in Fig. 2, the stirrup swings back and the plane is lowered, and the cutting-edge of the plane-iron G cuts into the board F.

This device is simple and can be attached to old as well as new planes.

I am aware that it is not broadly new to provide planes with rollers adapted to elevate the cutter above the board when the plane is being drawn backward.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. The combination, with a plane having lateral recesses and a transverse groove in its under surface, of a suitable stirrup having its shanks pivoted in said recesses and adapted to slide into said groove, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with the plane B, provided with recesses D in the sides and a transverse groove, E, in the under surface, of the stirrup A, pivoted to the plane, substantially as herein shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

GEORGE FREDERIC SAWYER.

Witnesses:
W. B. TAYLOR,
D. C. PALMER.

No. 249,097 – Shave (Henry P. Roberts) (1881)

[paiddownloads id=”316″]249097

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY P. ROBERTS, OF JAMESTOWN, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF THREE-FOURTHS TO THE HORTON MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

SHAVE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 249,097, dated November 1, 1881.
Application filed June 1, 1881. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY P. ROBERTS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Jamestown, in the county of Chautauqua and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shaves; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The object of this invention is to combine a gage or friction roller with a cutting edge or blade.

The principle of my invention can be shown in a heel-shave by which any of the ordinary-shaped heels may be operated upon, the tool adjusted to cut thin shavings of leather, and the shavings moved rapidly away from the knife-edge, to prevent clogging of the shavings-passage, and the tool can also be used upon wood as an ordinary spokeshave.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a bottom view of a spoke or heel shave with my improvement thereon. Fig. 2 is a front view thereof. Fig. 3 is a view of the gage-roller and the frame thereof, detached. Fig. 4 is a transverse section through the middle of the roller, its supporting-frame, and the knife-blade, with its frame; and Fig. 5 is a section on line x x of Fig. 2.

The letter A represents the handle of the tool, which is curved at the center and recessed inwardly from its front edge, to receive the knife and gage-roller, the two parts of the handle being conneoted in one piece by the curved bridge B.

Immediately in front of the bridge is located the knife-blade C, curved to conform to the shape of the lower surface of the bridge, and secured to the handle by screws c. The cutting-edge of the knife is turned outwardly and projects somewhat forward of the shanks C’, by which said blade is attached to the handle.

Immediately above and partly in front of the edge of the knife is arranged a gage-roller, D, which corresponds with the shape of the knife, and in this case it tapers from its middle toward each end in such a manner that the longitudinal curve of its surface corresponds with the curve of the edge of the knife; but if it should be combined with a straight knife, it would be cylindrical in shape. This gage-roller D is mounted in an adjustable frame, E, between the downwardly-projecting lugs e, on which the roller is pivoted on screw-pivots e’. The ends E’ of the frame are provided with open slots f, through which pass screws F to secure said frame to the handle, the slots permitting either an upward or downward adjustment of the frame and roller, to bring said roller in such relation to the knife as to regulate the cut thereof as desired.

It will be observed that, owing to the curved shape of the knife, a very small portion of its edge may be brought in contact with the surface acted upon, if said surface is nearly flat, and that a heel of any of the ordinary shapes, either curved or straight, may be trimmed by the tool. The roller revolves as the tool advances, and the cut shavings coming in contact with the roller, their passage is facilitated through the opening between the roller and knife.

While the main functions of the gage-roller are to regulate the out of the knife, to remove friction and facilitate the passage of the shavings, it can be adjusted also to compensate for the wearing away of the edge of the knife. The adjustment can be made either by placing washers between the ends E’ of the roller-frame E and the frame of the blade C and removing these washers as fast as the blade wears away, or by supporting and clamping each end of the roller-frame between the heads of two screws, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5. In these figures, F’ represents the screws, inserted adjustably in the frame A. The flat head of said screws is hollow, and screw-tapped internally to receive the clamping-screws F, so that whatever may be the width of the blade C the roller D can be made to follow its edge, and the frame of said roller can be secured at each end.

I do not limit the use of my invention to heel or spoke shaves, as it is applicable to other cutting-instruments-for instance, carpenters’ planes.

Having now described my invention what I claim is —

1. The combination , with the handle, recessed as described, of the curved knife C, and the gage-roller tapered from its middle to its ends to conform to the curves of said knife, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with the recessed handle having the curved knife C secured thereto, of the roller D, arranged above said knife and mounted in an adjustable frame, E, substantially as described.

3. The combination with the handle, recessed as described, and having secured thereto the curved knife C, of the roller D, mounted in an adjustable frame, E, having the lugs e, between which the roller is pivoted, and between which the edge of the knife extends, substantially as described.

4. The combination of the centrally-curved handle, curved knife C, tapering roller D, and frame E, with adjustable hollow screws F’ and clamping-screws F, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HENRY P. ROBERTS.

Witnesses:
JAMES I. FOWLER,
WILLIAM K. VANDERGRIFT.

No. 245,093 – One-Hand Plane (Isaac Reeder) (1881)

[paiddownloads id=”315″]245093

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ISAAC REEDER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ROBERT S. DUFF, OF SAME PLACE.

ONE-HAND PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 245,093, dated August 2, 1881.
Application filed May 26, 1881. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ISAAC REEDER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wood-Workers’ Finishing-Tools; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention is designed for finishing or smoothing moldings, &c., and may be variously shaped to suit the different conformations of the surfaces upon which it is used.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of one form of the invention. Fig. 2 is a side view of a niodided form of the invention. Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a side view of a portion of the tool, showing a further modification.

Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in the respective figures.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, A is a metal stock, the lower or operating face of which is, as viewed endwise or in transverse section, made convex or of other formation to suit the character of the work. The bed of the stock, or the surface upon which the plane-bit rests, is placed at the usual angle. The lower face of the stock is curved longitudinally, in order that the bit may be given the desired bite into the wood without shifting its position relatively to the stock.

B represents the bit, which is of a construction similar to that heretofore employed in planes, the bit being slotted and secured to the bed of the stock by a set-screw in a common manner. The cutting-edge of the bit is ground to the ordinary acute angle, and is made to conform to the transverse shape of the operating-face of the stock. The bit, as here shown, is not used. with a cover, but one may be used if desired, in which case the lower edge of the cover should be so formed as to be concentric with the cutting-edge of the bit, and fixed at a short distance above it to coincide with the steel face in the ordinary manner.

The front portion or lip of the stock is hollowed out at its upper surface, and the cavity thus formed may serve to collect the minute shavings which in the operation of the tool are passed through the aperture cut in the stock for the insertion of the bit; or it may serve as a rest for the finger or thumb of the operator, who can thus place a pressure on the lip of the stock and increase the bite of the bit.

At the rear of the stock is formed an ear or lug, to which the handle B is secured by a set-screw, b. This handle is adapted to be moved upon the screw as a pivot obliquely to the line of movement of the tool, and held in the required position.

In Fig. 2 the handle is shown solid with the stock, but in other respects the tool agrees with the description above given.

In Fig. 4 the lower or operating face of the stock is flat, the edge of the bit a, being necessarily of corresponding shape.

The tool is specially designed for finishing wood moldings, and when so employed may take the place of the round-nosed chisel and sand-paper at present commonly used. The tool may, however, be used with advantage in finishing other surfaces of soft material.

I claim as my invention —

As an improvement in tools for finishing or smoothing moldings, &c., a metallic stock whose front portion or lip is constructed to serve as a finger or thumb rest, combined with an adjustable bit, and a pivoted handle capable of horizontal adjustment obliquely to the line of movement of the tool, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ISAAC REEDER.

Witnesses:
J. SNOWDEN BELL,
GEORGE T. KELLY.

No. 243,398 – Bench-Plane (Samuel A. Piper) (1881)

[paiddownloads id=”314″]243398

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL A. PIPER, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 243,398, dated June 28, 1881.
Application filed May 3, 1881. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL A. PIPER, of Newton, of the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Plow or Grooving Planes; and I do hereby declare the same to be described in the following specification and represented in the accompanying drawings, of which —

Figure 1 is a top view, Fig. 2 a longitudinal section, Fig. 3 a horizontal section, and Fig. 4 a transverse section, of the plane as open. Fig. 5 is avertical section taken through its depth or lower gage.

The nature of my invention is defined by the claims hereinafter presented.

The grooving-plane, as described, has either or each of its gages connected with the stock by means of parallel links jointed to both, and such stock and gage are recessed to receive, when closed together, the links, and are provided with a clamping arc and screw, the whole enabling the gage to be readily adapted in parallelism with and to different distances from the stock and its cutter or plane iron, as occasion may require. The invention admits of the plane being materially reduced in width by closing the width-gage upon the stock, in which case their connections will not project beyond that side of the stock which is opposite to the one against which the gage may rest.

In the drawings, A denotes the stock; B, its handle; C D, its throat-plates; E, its chisel or cutter, and F the holding-wedge of the latter.

G is the width-gage, and H the depth-gage. Each of the said gages is connected with the stock by two parallel links, I I, pivoted or hinged at their ends to the gage and stock, there being within the said gage and stock recesses K, as shown, to receive the links when the gage is closed against the stock. There is also pivoted or hinged to the gage a circular curved arc or bar, L, which goes or slides freely into or through the stock, which is provided with a clarnp-screw, M, to act against and clamp the arc in position.

I claim —

1. In a plow or grooving plane, either or each of its gages connected with the stock by parallel links pivoted to such stock and gage, in combination with such stock and gage, recessed to receive, when they are closed together, the said links, and provided with a clamping are and screw for holding the gage in position, all being substantially as set forth.

2. In a plow or grooving plane, either or each of the gages connected with the stock by parallel links pivoted to such stock and gage, in combination with a clamping are and screw adapted to the gage and stock and to each other, substantially as set forth.

S. A. PIPER.

Witnesses:
CHARLES ELLIS,
ADELA M. ELLIS.

No. 242,740 – Flexible-Faced Plane (Leonard Bailey) (1881)

[paiddownloads id=”313″]242740

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LEONARD BAILEY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

FLEXIBLE-FACED PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 242,740, dated June 14, 1881.
Application filed November 13, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, LEONARD BAILEY, of Hartford, in the State of Connecticut, have invented certain Improvements in Flexible-Faced Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of planes in which the face is made flexible, so that by means of a screw or equivalent device it may be adapted to concave or convex surfaces of different degrees of curvature; and it consists in improvements upon these planes, as now constructed, in four particulars.

In the drawings, I have shown in Figure 1 a side elevation of a plane embodying my improvements, and in Fig. 2 a longitudinal section of the same.

The first part of my invention relates to the screw for regulating the degree of curvature of the face, and more especially to the method of attaching it to the stock, so that it shall be capable of adjustment in case of wear by use.

In the Letters Patent to Charles H. Sawyer dated April 16, 1867, numbered 63,948, is described a screw passing through the center of the handle or stock, and attached to a piece which is rigidly fastened to the upper surface of the face, by means of which screw the curvature of the face is regulated. It is a matter of great importance in tools of this character that the adjusting-screw should be firmly fixed at the base and yet be permitted to turn freely. When, however, the base of the screw attached to the face, or to a piece of metal affixed to the face, becomes worn, which will happen after the tool has been used for a while, it ceases to be firmly held and becomes loose, and consequently more or less unfitted for use, or altogether useless. It is very desirable, therefore, to provide such means for adjusting the screw, in case of wear, as will overcome this difticulty. In the Sawyer patent referred to no means are provided to overcome the difficulty. I accomplish this very important object by the first part of my invention and in the following way: In the forward part of the stock a is a place for the reception of the base b’ of the screw b, which is somewhat larger in diameter than the main part of the screw. Upon the screw, below the piece c, is placed the nut d, which is of the same diameter as the base b’, and adapted to slide up and down the main part of the screw b. This nut d is fitted with screw-threads, which fit into screw-threads inside the place provided in the stock a for the reception of the base b’ of the screw. Around the periphery of this nut d are countersunk places d’ d’. When the base b’ of the screw b is placed inside of the place in the stock provided for its reception the nut d is to be screwed down and into this place. By this means the screw b is held firmly, and yet may be readily turned. When the screw becomes loose by reason of wear occasioned by use it may be readily tightened by screwing down the nut d sufficiently to accomplish this object. This may be done by means of the countersunk places d’ d’, in which any suitable tool may be inserted to turn the nut d. The screw b passes through the piece c, within which are screw-threads, with which the screw b engages. This piece is fastened to the frame e. Above this piece is the nut f, which travels along the screw b, the office of which is to assist in holding the screw b at any desired point. This is accomplished by screwing the nut f down to the piece c.

The second part of my invention relates to the frame to which the flexible face is attached, (marked e in the drawings,) and consists in making it of two pieces instead of one, as is now the case. This change will be found to be an important one in respect of ease and economy in manufacture, for instead of casting the entire frame in one piece, as is necessary in case of planes as they are now made, the two parts may be struck out of sheet metal and bent into the proper shape. These two pieces are united by the pins h h, with the rods i i connecting the frame e with the flexible face j, the rods turning upon the pins k k, by which they are attached to the face. Just above the rods i i are placed the handles m m, held in place by the screws n n.

The third part of my invention consists of a device for detaching the face from the stock when desired without injury to the former; and consists of the plate o, to which the face is permanently riveted, and which is connected with the stock a by means of two screws, o’ o’, passing through the stock and into but not through the plate o. Through this plate o and the face pass the cutting-irons p p. By the use of this device the face is rigidly attached to the frame, but can be easily detached by removing the screws o’ o’ without in any way injuring the face or affecting its smoothness, which it is of the utmost importance to preserve, and which would be impaired if the face were fastened directly to the frame or stock by means of screws passing through the face, as is now generally the case. This part of my invention is adapted to all classes of planes.

I am aware that in the Letters Patent to Samuel D. Sargent, dated June 17, 1879, and numbered 216,577, a transverse recess adjacent to the throat and attached to the stock, and an independent throat-piece fitted to said recess and attached to the face, are described and shown; but my invention, just described, differs from that, inasmuch as the plate o is not a throat-piece, and has no other office or use than to attach the face to the stock in such manner as that it may be readily detached, and its mode of attachment to the stock is entirely different.

The fourth part of my invention consists in providing a head, q, in place of a crank, such as is used by Sawyer, as described by him in his said Letters Patent, for the purpose of turning the screw b, and an improved method of attaching this head to the screw, which is done by inserting the head in the slot r in the upper end of the screw b and holding the head in place by the screw s. By this means the screw b may be more readily turned, and also the head may be more easily attached or detached, as desired.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination, with flexible face j, piece c, stock a, and the frame to which they are attached, of screw b, having flange b’, and nut or collar d, which engages with a recessed part of said stock and operates to hold said stock and screw together, substantially as set forth.

2. A plane-frame consisting of two corresponding sheet-metal side plates, which may be stamped or struck up by the same die, said plates being fastened at their ends by cross pins or rods, substantially as set forth.

LEONARD BAILEY.

Witnesses:
HENRY E. TAINTOR,
EDWARD B. BENNETT.

No. 240,076 – Spokeshave (Louis Bauer) (1881)

[paiddownloads id=”312″]240076

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LOUIS BAUER, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

SPOKESHAVE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 240,076, dated April 12, 1881.
Application filed December 27, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS BAUER, of the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented an Improved Spoke-shave; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to certain improvements in tools for working wood, leather, and other materials, these tools being known as “spokeshaves.”

My invention consists in a novel method of holding and clamping the blade of the shave in place between two clamping-jaws, so that any style of blade may be held in place and may be adjusted to or from the plate or edge, which serves as a gage.

My invention further consists in a means for setting the blade to or from the gage-plate, so as to regulate the cut, all of which will be more fully explained by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 is a view of my tool. Fig. 2 is a transverse section. Fig. 3 is a detail view of the knife and holding-post. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section. Figs. 5 and 6 are modifications of the cutter.

A is the handle or stock of my tool. This handle may be like the ordinary spokeshave, with two ends, or it may be carried back as a single handle, by which to draw or push the tool. It is fitted in the usual manner near the center, to admit the cutting-blade B.

In the ordinary construction of these tools the blade has two ends or tangs turned up and fitted to enter holes made transversely through the stock.

In my invention the blade B has its ends straight and made with wedge or other shaped edges, so as to be held firmly between suitable jaws, C. These jaws are formed upon the ends of posts D, which extend up through the stock A just at the ends of the cutter or blade.

These posts have their fulcrums in the stock, either by being pivoted in the slot, or they may simply be made a little smaller than the holes through which they pass, so that they may have a side movement or oscillation. Between the upper ends of these posts a bar, E, extends, this bar being formed in two parts with a screw-thread upon one or both, so that by means of a nut, F, in the center it may be lengthened or shortened. When the bar is made longer by turning the nut it forces the upper ends of the posts D apart, thus drawing the lower ends with their jaws together, and clamping the cutter-blade firmly between them. In the present case I have shown one part of the bar E made angular or pinned to one post, so as not to turn. This part has screw-threads upon it, while the other part has a nut to fit these threads, its opposite end turning loosely in its post. By this method of securing the cutter in place it may always be adjusted to or from the gage-plate and its proper distance maintained until it is entirely worn out.

It will be seen that any form of cutting-blade may be secured in this manner, the grooves in the bottom of the posts which receive the ends of the blade being straight or curved, as required.

The distance of the cutter from the stock may be regulated to make a thicker or thinner out by loosening the bar E and moving the posts up or down; but for delicate adjustment I employ a device constructed as follows:

G are posts which pass through the stock behind the posts D, and have their lower ends turned outward, or otherwise secured. Their upper ends are turned at right angles above the posts D, and screws H pass through them, so as to press upon the heads of the posts D. When these screws are turned in one direction they will force the posts D downward and move the blade or cutter away from the stock, thus leaving a wide slot. In order to return the blade and make the slot narrower the screws may be so connected with the posts D as to draw them back; but I have shown a flat curved spring, I, the ends of which are turned up and perforated, so that they slip over the ends of the bar E. The center of the spring presses upon the stock, and when the screws H are turned back the spring will force the posts D and bar E upward, thus drawing the knife or cutter closer to the stock. After the adjustment has been made satisfactorily, the bar E, which was previously loosened, may be again tightened, so as to hold the cutter in place.

The construction here described enables me to use a single stock for a number of cutters, and they maybe worn down to a narrow blade before being cast aside.

This tool is especially valuable for working leather, on account of its delicate and easy adjustment.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The stock constructed with the inner curved faces, in combination with the blade or cutter B, having its ends beveled to fit corresponding grooves in the lower ends of the oscillating posts D, said posts having the straining rod or bar E extending between their upper ends, and provided with a nut, F, whereby the cutter may be clamped or released, substantially as herein described.

2. The oscillating posts D, with their straining-bar E fitted to hold the cutter B, as shown, in combination with the posts G, screws H, and spring I, whereby the cutter may be adjusted to or from the stock, substantially as herein described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

LOUIS BAUER.

Witnesses:
S. H. NOURSE,
FRANK A. BROOKS.

No. 231,990 – Bench-Plane (August P. J. Bossel) (1880)

[paiddownloads id=”311″]231990

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

AUGUST P. J. BOSSEL, OF VIRGINIA CITY, NEVADA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 231,990, dated September 7, 1880.
Application filed June 29, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I. AUGUST P. J. BOSSEL, of Virginia City, in the county of Storey and State of Nevada, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is more particularly intended for planes used in rabbeting, but it is applicable to planes of various kinds.

The invention consists, first, in a novel construction, arrangement, and combination, with the plane-bit, of a toothed plate or rack, and a pinion for adjusting the bit, and a wedge for holding it when adjusted; and, further, in a novel arrangement of the handle of the plane and devices connected therewith for adjusting said handle at different positions.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a plane embodying my irnprovements. Fig. 2 is a top view of a portion of the same with the bit and wedge removed. Fig. 3 is a rear-end view.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The plane A is preferably made of metal, and the throat a may be of the usual description. At the top of the throat a, is an upwardly-projecting lug or plate, B, in which is journaled a short shaft, the front end of which carries a pinion, D. The rear end of this shaft may have a milled knob attached directly to it, but as here represented it carries a gear-wheel, E, with which engages another gear-wheel, G, carried by one end of a short shaft journaled in said plate B, and having at its other end a milled knob, H.

ln a recess, b, on the front side of the plate B, works a sliding rack, J, with which the pinion D engages. Near the upper end of the rack J, and on the front side thereof, is a projecting pin or stud, s, which engages with a hole in the plane-bit K, near the upper end thereof. By turning the pinion D in one direction or the other the bit K is adjusted up or down in order to regulate its cut.

The wedge L is provided with a thumb-screw, m, which passes through it and bears against the front surface of the bit K. When the bit has been adjusted to the desired position the screw m is tightened so as to hold the bit firnily in place by the combined pressure of said screw and of the lower end or point of the wedge. By the means above described the bit may be readily adjusted with exact nicety without the use of a hannner, as in the ordinary plane.

The handle P, instead of being rigidly attached to the plane, is pivoted at p between a quadrantal plate R, extending upward from the plane near the rear end thereof, and a lug, u’, in front of said plate R.

A thumb-screw, T, passes through an arc-shaped slot, v, in the plate R, and through the handle P above the pivot p, and bears against the lug w, and thus holds the handle firmly in position. When the plane is used in a corner or near a surface where space tor the handle and the hand is limited the handle P may be inclined, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3, and held firmly in position by the screw T.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. A plane consisting of the body A, provided with the upwardly-extending plate B, having the recess b, the rack J, sliding in said recess, the bit K, having its shank elongated and connected to said rack by the pin or stud s, the pinion D, operating said rack, and the wedge L, provided with the thumb-screw m, substantially as herein described.

2. The handle P, pivoted at p, the are-slotted plate R, and the lug w, in combination with the thumb-screw T, as and for the purpose specified.

AUGUST P. J. BOSSEL.

Witnesses:
D. J. MACINTOSH,
W. COYNE.

No. 231,331 – Bench-Plane (Frederic Kraengel) (1880)

[paiddownloads id=”310″]231331

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

FREDERIC KRAENGEL, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF OF HIS RIGHT TO EMIL JETTER AND ALBERT JETTER, OF SAME PLACE.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 231,331, dated August 17, 1880.
Application filed April 30, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERIC KRAENGEL, of Buftalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements on a Bench-Plane; and I do hereby declare that the following description of my said invention, taken in connection with the accompanying sheet of drawings, forms a full, clear, and exact specification, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention has general reference to planes; and it consists in certain peculiar combination of parts and details of construction whereby the plane iron or irons are rendered adjustable, and the throat of the plane-stock enlarged or diminished, substantially in a manner as hereinafter first fully set forth and described, and then pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings already referred to, which serve to illustrate my said invention more fully, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bench-plane embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the plane-stock. Fig. 4. is a side elevation of a plane slightly modified. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the carriage, and Fig. 7 a longitudinal sectional elevation of a plane having a single plane-iron and its manner of adjustment slightly modified.

Like parts are designated by corresponding letters of reference in all the figures.

A represents the metallic plane-stock, the sides of which are raised centrally and provided with a bridge, B. In front of this bridge I provide a cross-piece, C, to which is fastened the front handle or knob, D, by means of a screw, E. In the rear of the bridge B, I provide another cross-piece, F, to which is fixed a rearwardly-projecting screw-bolt, G, and in rear of this cross-piece I provide a rise or boss, H, while near the tail of said stock I provide a lug, J.

Within the sides of the stock A, and in rear of the cross-piece F, I place a carriage, I, (shown in detail in Fig. 6,) said carriage consisting of a curved base-plate, I’, having on one end a standard, K, and on the other end a lug, L. In this standard I provide an aperture, a, for the passage of the bolt G, and in the bed-plate J’, close to the standard K, an aperture, b, for the reception of part of a nut, M, engaging said screw G. To the lug L on said carriage is fitted a handle, N.

Within the lug J, on the rear end of the stock A, I swivel a screw-rod, O, extending forwardly through the rise H and cross-piece F into a frame, l’, the forward rail, Q, of which is beveled on its upper surface to correspond somewhat to the inclination ofthe plane-irons R.

The cutting-iron has on its upper end a right-angled bend, R’, provided with a curved notch, d, into which is passed a rod, S, having on its upper end a head, S’, on its opposite end a screw-thread engaging a female thread in near the upper end of the standard K.

These plane-irons are clamped into position by a clamping-plate, T, interposed between the bridge B and said plane-irons, said clamping~plate having a micrometer-screw, U, arranged to press upon said plane-irons.

In the carriage I, I provide a slotted aperture, f, through which is passed a micrometer-screw, V, having its female thread in an aperture, g, in the lug H.

The object of constructing a plane as described is to enable me to vary the inclination of the plane-irons, and also to close or open the throat of the plane-stock by means of said irons, and these results are accomplished in the following manner:

It being desired to close or open the throat of the plane-stock, the irons are first adjusted to the thickness of shaving or cutting required. This is done by turning the head S’ of the screw-rod S in one or the opposite direction. The screw-rod S, having a fixed nut in the standard K and a swiveling connection with the plane-iron in the curved slot-hole d, Fig. 6, works the plane-iron up or down, in accordance with the direction in which it is turned, until the cutting-edge of said iron projects beyond the lower plane surface the desired distance. lf now a wider or narrower throat is wanted I first move the bearing-frame P, Fig. 3, by means of the head J’ on the screw-rod O, and the nut M on the screw-bolt G, both in the proper direction, which will cause the cutting-edge of the plane-iron to move forward or backward, as the case may be. This being accomplished, nothing remains to be done but to insert the wedge T, and then to clamp the irons down upon the standard K and rail Q by the micrometer-screw U, and finally to fix the carriage I in position by the micrometer-screw V.

To alter the inclination of the plane-irons the frame P and carriage I are moved forward or backward, as the case may be, bearing in mind the fact that the irons are, so to speak, fulcrumed upon the rail Q, and that to lower the irons the standard must be moved backward, and that a contrary movement produces a corresponding result.

It will thus be seen that the standard K and frame P form a rest for the plane-irons, and that, as already mentioned, by a forward or backward movement of the same, the size of the throat is enlarged or diminished, while by working the carriage alone the inclination of the irons is altered.

It is perfectly evident that one of the objects in view — viz., the varying of the inclination of the plane-irons — can be carried into effect without the bearing-frame P, and in Fig. 7 I have shown such a device. Here the lower or cutting edge of the plane-iron rests against the plane-stock in the throat instead of the inclined rail Q, heretofore described, while the said iron is carried upon the standard K, the same as in the other device. In this case the inclination of the plane-iron is accomplished by moving the carriage I the same as heretofore described.

By means of this device the size of the throat may also be varied to some extent by altering the inclination of the plane-iron and working the screw-rod S in a manner readily understood.

As hereinbefore described, the plane-iron is adjusted for the depth of cutting by means of the screw-rod S, Figs. 1, 2, and 7, working in the slot-hole d, Figs. 6 and 7. This construction may, however, be varied by fixing the screw-rod S as shown in Fig. 4, and allowing a circular nut, W, to operate upon said screw-rod, and with its faces within a cross-slot in the plane-iron, whereby by moving said nut up or down the screw-rod the iron is moved along in a corresponding direction.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States —

1. In bench-planes, a carriage for the bits, consisting, essentially, of the bed~plate I’, having on its forward end a standard, K, provided in its upper part with a screw-threaded aperture for the reception of an inclined screw-rod, S, said carriage having a slot-hole, f, for the passage ofa screw, V, by means of which said carriage is held down to the plane-stock, an aperture, a, in the standard K for the passage of a screw-bolt, G, and a slot-hole, b, in the bed-plate I’ for the reception of a micrometer-nut, M, whereby the said carriage is moved horizontally upon the plane-stock, substantially as and for the use and purpose specified.

2. In planes, a carriage for the plane-bits, having a standard, K, for supporting said bits, at a point about midway of their length, in combination with a bearing-frame for the lower or cutting end of said bits, said carriage and bearing-frame being both horizontally adjustable, as specified, whereby the inclination of the bit and the size of the throat of said plane may be varied simultaneously by moving the carriage and bearing-frame either in the same or in opposite directions, substantially in the manner as and for the object stated.

3. In planes, the device for adjusting the depth of cutting of the plane-iron, consisting, in combination with a fixed nut, of a revolving screw-spindle, S, operating within a slot-hole, d, in the part R’ of said plane-iron, as and for the purpose specified.

4. The combination, with the stock A, having the lug J, bridge B, and cross-piece F, with the screw-rod G, of the screw-rod O, with head J’, carriage I, with standard K, plane-iron R, with screw-rod S, and wedge T, with set-screw U, as stated.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have hereto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

F. KRAENGEL.

Witnesses:
MICHAEL J. STARK,
HATTIE L. WALKER.

No. 230,088 – Bench-Plane (William T. Wainwright) (1880)

[paiddownloads id=”309″]230088

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM T. WAINWRIGHT, OF DRY SAWMILL, PENNSYLVANIA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 230,088, dated July 13, 1880.
Application filed April 28, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM T. WAINWRIGHT, of Dry Sawmill, in the county of Elk and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists in certain novel details of construction and arrangement of parts, whereby the same tool may be used for square-jointing, for beveling, and for rabbeting, as hereinafter particularly described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side view of a plane embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section taken in the line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section taken in the line y y of Fig. 2. Figs. 4. and 6 are views hereinafter referred to. Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10 are views of grooving and tonguing attachments as applied to my plane, hereinafter referred to.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The plane A, bit B, and handle C may be of the usual or any suitable description.

To the front end of the plane is attached (see Fig. 3) a block, D, which slides on tongue-and-groove dovetail ways arranged longitudinally of the plane, and may be adjusted nearer to or farther from the bit B, in order to regulate the size of the throat, by means of a thumb-screw, E, working through a standard, e, attached to the block D, and engaging with an internally-threaded standard, f attached to the plane A, and passing through a slot in the block.

To the left-hand side of the plane is hinged a bar, G, composed of two pieces connected by pins g. One end of each pin is fast to one of the pieces, and the remainder of its length is arranged to slide in a hole in the other piece transversely to a set-screw, lt, the point of which bears against the pin. By this means the bar may be widened or narrowed, to accommodate work of different widths.

To the plane A are attached two pairs of perforated lugs, i i, i i, which form bearings for lateral gudgeons extending from one end of each of two pins, K K, the remaining portion of each of which slides in a globe, l, provided with lateral gudgeons having their bearings in perforated lugs m, arranged in pairs and attached to the bar G, and each provided with a thumb-screw, N, the point of which bears against the pin K. By this means the bar G may be adjusted at an angle with relation to the plane, as shown in Fig. 5, so as to plane a bevel, as shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, or may be adusted at any other suitable angle; and when not in use it may be folded under the plane, as shown in Fig. 3.

On the right-hand side of the plane (see Fig. 3) is a recess, in which works a cutting-blade, P, regulated by a thumb-screw, Q, working in the handle C. On the outer side of the handle is a slotted gage, B, provided with a thumb-screw, S. By means of this cutting-blade P and the plane-bit B a rabbet (such as is shown in Fig. 4) may be cut, and the depth of cut is regulated by the gage R and screw S.

Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10 represent an attachment for making tongues and grooves. It consists of a bar, T, attached to the plane A by screw-bolts T2, provided with heads t.

The bar T carries a tonguing-bit, U, which may be changed for a grooving-bit. Both of said bits are held in place by a thumb-screw, u, which passes through a slot in the shank of a cutting-bit, V, provided with a thumb-screw, v, for adjusting it.

The bit V is intended to make a cut parallel with the line of travel of the tonguing or grooving bit and co-operate with said bit in removing the shavings. When this attachment is not in use it may be removed and laid aside by unscrewing the bolts T2.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

1. The combination, with the plane A, of the hinged bar G, lugs i and m, pins K, globes l, and screws N, fbr adjusting the plane for beveling, as herein shown and described.

2. The combination, with the plane A, of the rabbet-cutting blade P, screw Q, gage R, and screw S, as herein shown and described.

WM. TYLER WAINWRIGHT.

Witnesses:
GEORGE A. JOHNSON,
JOHN WAINWRIGHT.

No. 228,766 – Bench-Plane Gage (Cyrus Kinney) (1880)

[paiddownloads id=”308″]228766

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CYRUS KINNEY, OF WINDSOR, ONTARIO, CANADA.

BENCH-PLANE GAGE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 228,766, dated June 15, 1880.
Application filed April 15, 1880. (No model.)

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CYRUS KINNEY, of Windsor, Essex county, Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Plane Gages, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of gages for bench-planes which is specially adapted to be used when squaring or beveling the material; and the invention consists in the peculiar construction and arrangement of parts, as hereinafter more fully described, and then pointed out in the claims.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a plane-stock with my improvement attached. Fig 2 is a vertical cross-section, showing my device adjusted to bevel the work, and in dotted lines as set to form a square, and as folded up against the side of the stock.

In the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, A represents a plane-stock, to the left-hand side of which I rigidly secure a plate, B. To this plate B, I pivotally secure the angle-iron C, to the free end of which is rigidly secured the gage-plate D.

A thumb-screw, a, having a flat head, passing through the slot b in the angle-iron is tapped into a nut, c, rigidly secured in the side of the plane-stock, and a similar screw, d, is tapped through the angle-iron, as shown, the inner end of which is designed to impinge against the face of the plane. This arrangement of the adjusting-screws allows of a nicety and firmness of adjustment not usually attainable in devices of this character, without the employment of much more complicated means, because by turning out the thumb-screw a the angle of the plate D may be varied to a nicety, and by screwing in the screw d the plate is fastened in the desired position, without chance of variation, as the edges of the slot b bear on the head of the thumb-screw a and thus lock it fast, so that it will not turn accidentally or without considerable force being applied to it.

A gage constructed substantially as herein described can readily be set at right angles to the face of the plane and used for squaring the work, or it may be adjusted so as to form a bevel, care being taken that the gage-plate be held firmly against a straight side.

When desired, the device may be folded back against the side of the plane, which can then be used for all the general purposes to which a plane is put.

To fold the guide back it is only necessary to turn the screw a so that the flat side of its head will be parallel with the slot b, when the guide can be turned back out of the way, as shown in dotted lines on the upper part of Fig. 2.

What I claim as my invention is —

1. The combination of the plate B, attached to a plane, the angle-plate C D, hinged to the plate B, and having a slot, b, at right angles to the hinge, with the set-screw a passing through said slot and screwing into a nut in the plane, and the locking-screw ol bearing against the plane, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. In a gage for planes, the combination, with the plate B, of the hinged angle-plate C D, having a slot, b, at right angles to the hinge, and a flat-headed set-screw, a, whereby said plate D may be adjusted at any desired angle, or the plate folded back, by turning the screw a a quarter-revolution, substantially as described.

CYRUS KINNEY.

Witnesses:
H. S. SPRAGUE,
CHARLES J. HUNT.

No. 227,452 – Bench-Plane (William Steers) (1880)

[paiddownloads id=”307″]227452

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

WILLIAM STEERS, OF SHERBBOOKE, QUEBEC, CANADA.

BENCH-PLANE.

_________________

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 227,452, dated May 11, 1880.
Application filed February 2, 1880.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM STEERS, of the city of Sherbrooke, in the Province of Quebec, in the Dominion of Canada, have invented new and useful Improvements in Metallic Planes, which improvements are fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing.

The first part of my invention relates to the device by which the knife or “iron” is adjusted to various inclinations and secured in any position to suit the various degrees of hardness and grain of the different kinds of wood on which it may be used. The second part relates to the device by which the “cap ” or “back-iron” is adjusted to suit the required angle of the knife, and at the same time the back-iron serves in place of both holder and of back-iron or cap as ordinarily used; and, thirdly, to the device by which the knife is regulated to project from the face ofthe plane.

The figure in the drawing is a longitudinal sectional elevation.

A represents the metallic body of the plane. B is the knife or iron, in the back of which is a series of parallel horizontal grooves, M M, in one of which (that is determined by the extent to which the knife has been worn and ground away) works the pin E, which is secured to the nut D in a position somewhat eccentric, so as to impart, when the nut is rotated, such a movement to the knife B as will cause it to project or recede from the face of the plane.

The nut D works upon a screw, C, which is rigidly attached to the body of the plane A. The back-iron or cap F may be either entirely of steel, or may be made partly of steel fused or otherwise attached to a plate of cast-iron or other suitable material, and carries the thumb-screw G, for the purpose of locking the various parts in any required relative positions.

H is a metallic cylinder placed transversely to the body of the plane in such a position as will allow the upper face of the holder or cap F to bear evenly against it, and is provided at one end with a slot for the end of a screw-driver, and also at or near its middle with a projecting pin, K, which works in a slot, L, in the cap F, and causes the cap F to approach or recede from the cutting-edge of the knife, according to the rotation of the cylinder H.

The operation of this plane is as follows: Should the material to be planed be pine or other soft wood, the knife or iron should be placed in the position shown in the drawing; but if the material be birch or other hard wood the operator would first turn the thumb-screw G, causing its point to recede sufficiently from the knife or iron B so as to allow the nut D to be turned to raise the knife B to the position shown in dotted lines at N, or any other intermediate position which the grain of the material may require, the nut D being left at such a portion of a revolution as will have allowed the pin E, which works in the slot M, by its eccentric movement, to cause the knife B to project to a proper extent from the face of the plane. Each portion is then locked in its relative position by turning the thumb-screw G and bringing its point to bear upon the face of the knife B. Should the wood in either case be of such a grain or conformation as to require the edge of the back-iron or holder F to be nearer to or farther from the edge of the knife or iron B, the operator would, by the use of a screw-driver inserted in the slotted end of the cylinder H, partially rotate the said cylinder until the pin K, working in the slot L, caused the holder to assume the required position before locking by means ofthe thumb-screw G.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is —

1. The combination of the revolving cylinder H, having a projecting pin, K, and a slot in its end for being operated by a screw-driver, the back-iron or cap F, having an orifice, L, the plane-iron B, having notches in the under side, the nut D, having an eccentric pin, E, screw C, and set-screw G, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a plane, the cylinder H, having in its end a slot for a screw-driver and on its under side a projecting pin, K, in combination with the back-iron of the plane, having a slot, L, all substantially as and for the purpose described.

WM. STEERS.

Witnesses:
LOUIS S. LA BILLE,
THOMAS W. SANNER.

No. 221,763 – Improvement In Grooving-Irons (John W. Ammons) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”306″]221763

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JOHN W. AMMONS, OF COLUMBIA, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND JOHN P. HORNER, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN GROOVING-IRONS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 221,763, dated November 18, 1879; application filed September 15, 1879.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN W. AMMONS, of Columbia, in the county of Boone and State of Missouri, have invented a new and Improved Grooving-Iron, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the tongued irons or bits used in grooving-planes.

Heretofore the form of these irons has been such as to leave the corners of the groove sharp. This is objectionable on account of their liability to break off when the tongue is forced in and carried back into the groove, whence they have to be removed at a great expense of time and trouble; or if allowed to remain they interfere with the making of a good joint. To prevent this with the present tools, it is the habit of many workmen to chamfer off the corners with an ordinary rabbeting-plane; but this requires the use of another tool and the expenditure of valuable time.

The object of my invention is to provide a plane-iron which will chamfer off the outer corners of the groove simultaneously with the planing of the groove.

The invention consists in a plate with beveled cutting-edges, a slot, and a longitudinal groove, in combination with a grooving-iron provided with a cutting-edge, as hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved iron. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on line x x of Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 represents, in perspective, a modified construction of the iron.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings, A is the grooving bit or iron, made of a rectangular bar of steel, with cutting-edge B. On the upper side of iron A is placed a flat plate of steel, C, which is secured to the bit by a set-screw, b, passed down through the slot c in the plate into a threaded hole in the bit.

In the under side of the plate is a shallow longitudinal groove, d, sufliciently wide to receive the bit, as shown in Fig. 3. This groove d, together with the set-screw b, connects the plate C rigidly with the bit A, so that the plate C can neither rise nor lose its parallel adjustment with relation to the bit.

At the lower end of plate C the corners are chamfered or beveled off at any suitable angle, and the corners are given sharp cutting-edges e e.

The plate C is designed to extend one-sixteenth of an inch beyond the sides of the bit, so that the angular cutting-edges e e will come in contact with the sides of the groove cut by the bit. The object of this arrangement is to chamfer off the upper corners of the sides of the grooves at the same time the groove is planed, so as to enable the flooring-tongue to be entered into the groove without trouble, and without liability of breaking off the corners of the groove and forcing the splinters in the groove, as before mentioned.

The lower end of plate C forms the shoulders of the plane-iron to limit the depth of the groove.

In Fig. 4 is shown a bit with the shoulders forming a part thereof, in the usual manner. Herein the front lower edges, f f, are cut off at an angle and sharpened to an edge, the same as the edges e e of the plate C.

Both forms of plane-irons operate in the same way to chamfer off the corners of the sides of the groove; but the arrangement first described offers superior facilities for keeping the bit in good order, on account of the ease with which the edges e e can be sharpened.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —

The plate C, having beveled cutting-edges e e at a suitable angle, and provided with a longitudinal groove, d, and slot c, and set-screw b, in combination with the grooving-iron having cutting-edge B, for the purpose of chamfering off the corners of the sides of the grooves, substantially as described.

JOHN W. AMMONS.

Witnesses:
F. D. EVANS,
I. O. HOCKADAY.

No. 219,186 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Justus A. Traut) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”305″]219186

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 219,186, dated September 2, 1879; application filed June 9, 1879.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUSTUS A. TRAUT, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section of a bench-plane which embodies my invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the same, taken on a plane parallel with the plane-iron and just under it; and Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a detached part thereof.

The invention is principally designed for a cheap plane with a wooden stock.

The first part of the invention relates to the manner of and devices for securing the cap A, which holds the plane-iron in place. B designates the stock, made of wood, and throated or mortised out for the plane-iron, like ordinary plane-stocks. C designates a frame composed of a slotted plate, a, and two arms, b b, with rounded ends. This plate extends laterally, so as to span the front of the mortise in the stock, and its arms extend backward by the sides thereof. This frame C is secured to the stock by means of a screw extending through the slot in the plate of said frame.

Notches are formed in the upper side of the cap A, near the edges, as shown in Fig. 1, which receive the ends of the arms b b, said arms, when the frame is secured, forming bearings for the cap to swing on, and to hold it against the plane-irons D when the screw c is tightened.

A cap swinging on bearings and provided with tightening-screw is not new with me, but the peculiar construction of these bearings enables me to dispense with a long iron frame upon the top of the stock, usually employed in wooden planes having such a cap, and, furthermore, the mortise in different stocks will vary somewhat, so that it is oftentimes desirable to secure the plate farther up or down upon the inclined side of the mortise, to bring the ends of the arms b b at the proper distance from the plane-iron. The slot in the plate of the frame enables this adjustment to be made, after which the screw is tightened to secure the frame in place.

The adjusting device which I employ in this style of plane is in the nature of an improvement upon the compound-lever adjustment patented to Henry Richards and myself in Re-issue No. 7,565, dated March 20, 1877 . A narrow mortise is made in the stock under the plane-iron D, in the middle of its width, and upon the bottom of said mortise I secure the base E of the adjusting device to the stock. This base has two standards or projections, d e, in the former of which is the fulcrum for the main lever F, and in the latter is one fulcrum of the angle-lever G. This angle-lever, as its name implies, has two arms, the outer end of one of which arms is pivoted to the standard e, and the outer end of the other arm is pivoted to the lever F, between its fulcrum and its free or handle end. This lever G is slotted longitudinally, so that the main lever passes through and works in said slot, the two opposite sides of the angle-lever being connected by a bridge or pad, f, as shown. The upper side of this pad is provided with fine transverse serrations, and the under side of the plane-iron is serrated in like manner. The top of the pad is slightly rounded. The position of the adjusting device upon the stock should be such that the serrated pad is nearly under or opposite the end of the tightening-screw c. In fact, one of the advantages of this construction of the compound lever is that the connection with the plane-iron may be directly opposite the tightening-screw., so that fine serrations may be employed without any danger of disengagement by the springing of the plane-iron, because the tightening-screw will not allow the iron to spring at that point.

The plane-iron is set in position with its end somewhere near the bottom face of the stock, and then its upper end is allowed to engage the serrated surface of the bridge on the angle-lever. The cap-plate is then placed and secured in position, as shown in Fig. 1. Pressing down upon the outer end of the main lever F will depress the arm of the angle-lever, which is pivoted to said main lever, causing the angle-lever to turn on its fulcrum in the standard e, when the bridge will be carried forward, and the plane-iron with it, to project its cutting-edge more or less, as may be desired. The reverse movement of the lever draws the plane-iron backward.

I am aware that the plane-iron and various adjusting devices having coarse notches or serrations taking into each other at various points not opposite the tightening-screw have heretofore been used, and I hereby disclaim the same.

I claim —

1. In a bench-plane, the frame C, composed of slotted plate a and arms b b, in combination with an ordinary wooden plane-stock and holding-cap, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a bench-plane, the combination of the holding-cap having tightening-screw at its upper end, the plane-iron with fine serrations upon the underside, and an adjusting mechanism having a finely-serrated pad for engaging those in the iron, and with said pad located opposite the proper position for the tightening-screw, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

3. In a bench-plane, the combination of the base-plate E, the main lever F, pivoted thereto, and the angle-lever G, having one of its arms pivoted to said base-plate and the other arm pivoted to the main lever, and also provided with a device for connecting it with the plane-iron, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

Witnesses:
T. A. CONKLIN,
JAMES SHEPARD.

No. 216,698 – Improvement In Planes (Henry B. Price) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”304″]216698

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

HENRY B. PRICE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 216,698, dated June 17, 1879; application filed April 28, 1879.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY B. PRICE, of the city of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

The invention relates, first, to the adjustment of the angle or pitch of the cutter according to the quality of the wood to be planed; and, second, to the adjustment of the mouth of the plane; and is applicable to all kinds of planes, but especially to bench-planes composed either entirely of metal or of metal and wood combined.

Heretofore the pitch of the cutter of every plane has been fixed and unchangeable, and carpenters and joiners have been compelled to keep on hand at least two kinds of planes — one in which the cutter is at common pitch, or forty-five degrees from the horizontal line, used for soft woods, and another for hard wood, in which the cutter is either at York pitch, middle pitch, or half-pitch, corresponding, respectively, to fifty, fifty-five, and sixty degrees from the horizontal line.

The object of my invention is to provide a device by which the angle or pitch of the cutter may be altered at pleasure, so that the same plane may be used for both soft and hard wood, and by which device the mouth of the plane can also be regulated.

This object I attain as follows, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which —

Figure 1 represents a sectional view of the invention as applied to an ordinary metallic plane.

The wedge D, of which a sectional view is given in Fig. 2, is divided off along its inclined plane on both sides into corresponding ratchets d d d d. Half-way through the center of this wedge runs a slot, f, marked on its edges with the notches e e e e, as shown in Fig. 2.

Through the slot f passes a tap-bolt or thumb-screw, s, which screws into the sole or seat of the plane, and when screwed down holds the wedge D fast to the sole of the plane.

The tap-bolt s is provided with a gage or clamp, h, (shown in Fig. 3,) which passes over the edges of the slot f and aids in holding the wedge D in position.

When the tap-bolt s is loosened the wedge D can be slid back and forth along the slot f.

The bed-plate C, upon which the cutter B rests, is held fast by the tap-bolts i, and in the ordinary metallic plane rests directly with its heel g on the sole of the plane.

To meet the object of my invention the heel g is shortened and works in the ratchets d d d d.

The operation of the device is as follows: To obtain a higher pitch, remove the clip A and the cutter B, loosen the tap-bolts i and s, slide the wedge D forward until the heel g works into a ratchet, which shall give the required incline or angle to the bed-plate C; then fasten the tap-bolts i and s, replace the cutter B and the clip A, and the object will be attained.

To lower the pitch, go through the same process, except that the wedge D is pushed backward instead of forward.

By means of the notches e e e e e along the edges of the slot f as shown in Fig. 2, the operator, while regulating the pitch of the cutter, can at the same time adjust the mouth of the plane, so as to obtain either a “close” or a “coarse” mouth as may be desired.

By fastening the clamp or gage h (see Fig. 3) just over a notch, e, a close mouth will be obtained when the cutter is raised to the corresponding ratchet d. Thus, if the cutter is raised to a pitch represented by the fourth ratchet, then by fastening the gage h just over the fourth notch a close mouth will be obtained. A coarse mouth is procured by fastening the gage h, between any two notches — thus in the case given between the third and the fourth; that is, by moving the gage toward the third notch, but not beyond the middle point between the two, a coarse month is obtained.

The wedge D may be made of metal, wood, or any other hard substance; and in place of the tap-bolt s a thumb-screw or spring-fastening can be substituted.

What I claim as my invention is —

l. The adjustable slotted wedge D, divided along its inclined plane on both sides into corresponding ratchets, and marked with graduated notches or marks along the edges of its slot, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a wedge divided along its inclined plane on both sides into corresponding ratchets, and provided with a notched slot running half-way through its center, with a tap-bolt or screw, which passes through the slot and fastens into the sole of a plane, and which, when loosened, allows the wedge to slide back and forth along the slot, but when fastened holds the wedge firmly in position, whereby the bed of the cutter of the plane is raised or lowered and the pitch of the cutter is changed accordingly, and by which the mouth of the plane is also regulated, substantially as described.

3. In combination with the wedge D, the tap-bolt or thunmb-screws and the gage h, Substantially as described.

HENRY BRISCO PRICE.

Witnesses:
EDWARD H. H. FORDER,
RICHD. B. LYTH.

No. 216,577 – Improvement In Flexible-Faced Plane-Stocks (Samuel D. Sargent) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”303″]216577

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

SAMUEL D. SARGENT, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN FLEXIBLE-FACED PLANE-STOCKS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 216,577, dated June 17, 1879; application filed April 16, 1879.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL D. SARGENT, of New Britain, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flexible Faced Plane-Stocks, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists of the combination, in a flexible-faced plane-stock, of the body of the stock, having a transverse recess adjacent to the throat, with an independent throat-piece fitted to said recess and having the flexible face attached, as hereinafter described; also, in the throat-piece, of malleable metal, independent or otherwise, and provided with a series of lugs rigidly formed in one and the same piece with the throat-piece, in combination with the flexible face-plate having a series of holes through which said lugs pass, as hereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a flexible-faced plane-stock which embodies my invention. Fig. 2 is alongitudinal section of the same through one side of the stock. Fig. 3 is a detached portion of the flexible-faced plate and attached throat-piece of the same. Fig. 4 is a detached under-side view of said throat-piece, and Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view on line x x of Fig. 3.

The flexible-faced stock, the mechanism for adjusting said face-plate, and the mechanism for adjusting the plane-iron are, with the exception of the parts hereinafter described, substantially the same as shown in the two patents to H. M. Clark, September 25, 1877; but they may be of any other style or kind.

The body of the stock A, I make of iron and with a dovetailed groove transversely across the bottom at the point where the throat a is designed to be located.

A dovetailed throat-piece, B, is fitted snugly into said groove, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. This throat-piece has the ordinary throat a formed in it, through which throat the cutting-bit or plane-iron extends.

The flexible face-plate C is firmly secured to said throat-piece before it is inserted in the stock.

Heretofore, so far as I know, the flexible face-plates of circular plane-stocks have been secured directly and permanently to the stock, and generally by screws the heads of which were ground or polished off so as to take out the slot therein. A face-plate so secured could not be removed for repairs by an ordinary carpenter, and in any event could only be removed with more or less difficulty.

I intend to have the stocks and throat-pieces made by machinery and all alike, so that in case it is desired to remove the flexible face-plate and replace it with a new one it is only necessary to disconnect the ends of the face-plate and drive out the throat-piece.

A new face-plate can be ordered from the factory and inserted in its place, all of which can be done by any ordinary carpenter or mechanic, and without returning the plane-stock to the factory.

Thus it will be seen that the throat-piece and its attached face-plate are both attachable and detachable from the stock, whereby I call the throat-piece an independent one.

So far as the above feature of my invention goes the face-plate may be secured to the independent throat-piece by screws, rivets, or in other ordinary manner; but I prefer the method hereinafter described, and which constitutes the second feature of my invention.

I make the throat-piece of some kind of malleable metal, (good malleable iron will answer,)
and with a series of lugs, b, upon its under side. A mill is then run over the surface of the throat-piece both lengthwise and crosswise, to mill the entire surface, except that occupied by the lugs, leaving them square, as shown in Fig. 4.

A series of holes of corresponding shape and location are punched in the face-plate, which holes are conntersunk on the face side of the plate by a proper revolving tool. The lugs of the throat-piece are then driven into the holes in the plate, their ends upset or riveted, and then polished off, when the plate is ready for use.

The under face of the throat-piece outside of the lugs may be slightly rounded, and said piece may be made so thick that the face-plate will project slightly below the other parts of the stock, so that a good convex curve may be given to the face of said plate.

A few of the advantages of the solid lugs on the throat-piece are as follows, viz: Being short and solid, there is only the thickness of the plate for them to stretch, give, or work in, whereby they form a much firmer fastening than screws or rivets, which are necessarily longer, and the lugs may be set nearer to the throat a, especially with reference to the beveled side of the throat, thereby allowing the greatest possible freedom in bending the face-plate of the stock, while at the same time it is secured firmly.

I have herein described this second feature of my invention as embodied in an independent throat-piece; but if desired the same rigid lugs might be formed contiguous to the throat in the stock, the stock and throat-piece being made of a single piece of malleable iron, in which case the throat-piece would not be an independent one, but all the advantage of a firm fastening, by reason of short lugs and of fastening the face-plate near the edge of the throat, would be embodied in such a stock.

I claim as my invention —

1. In a flexible-faced plane-stock, the body of the stock, having a transverse recess adjacent to the throat, in combination with an independent throat-piece itted to said recess and having the flexible face attached, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

2. In a flexible-faced plane-stock, the throat-piece, of malleable metal, independent or otherwise, and provided with a series of lugs rigidly formed in one and the same piece with the throat-piece, in combination with the flexible face-plate having a series of holes through which said lugs pass, substantially as described, and fbr the purpose specified.

SAMUEL D. SARGENT.

Witnesses:
JAMES SHEPARD,
WILL. B. THOMSON.

No. 213,257 – Improvement In Spoke-Shaves (Charles Spring) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”302″]213257

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

CHARLES SPRING, OF HYDE PARK, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN SPOKE-SHAVES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 213,257, dated March 11, 1879; application filed December 14, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES SPRING, of Hyde Park, county of Norfolk, State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Spoke-Shaves, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved drawing-knife or shave, it consisting, essentially, of a blade having one or both of its ends shaped to bear at one side of the blade against a seat made upon a handle, and to cooperate with shoulders or projections upon the handle, both when the handle extends from the blade at substantially a right angle from its cutting-edge, as shown in full lines in the accompanying drawings, and also when the handle extends in the direction of the length of the blade, as shown in dotted lines, the said handle and blade in each of its two positions being locked and held by a locking device.

Figure 1 represents, in side elevation, a drawing-knife, constructed in accordance with this invention; Fig. 2, a top view thereof, the left-hand handle being turned to project in the direction of the length of the blade; and Fig. 3, a detail of the upper end of the handle.

The blade a, as herein shown, has its ends b b flattened at its rear side to bear against a flattened portion, c, of the handle d, while the edges 2 3 of the blade, as shown in Fig. 1, are made straight, to bear the edge 2 against the lugs f f, as shown in Fig. 1, when the handle extends from the blade, as represented in full lines, or from the blade in the direction of its width.

The handles herein shown are supposed to be of metal ; but their lower portions, or the parts grasped by the hand, may be of wood, if preferred, and screws g, projecting from the upper ends of the handle at right angles to their length, are extended through holes in the blade, and a nut, h, is then applied to each screw, to securely clamp each end of the blade to each handle.

By employing two lugs, f f, instead of one long rib or shoulder, extended from one to the other side of the handle, a space, 4, is left between the lugs, into which (the nut li being loosened, so as to permit the blade and handle to be somewhat separated) when the handle is turned to occupy the position shown in dotted lines, Fig. 1, or in full lines at the left of Fig. 2, the end of the blade may enter, its edges 2 3 falling into the space 4 between the lugs f f which, as the nut is again turned to press the rear side of the blade against the seat portion c, at the upper end of the handle, causes the lugs f f to act with the screw and nut, and grasp and hold the handle and blade, so that the handle will project therefrom substantially in the direction of its length.

One or both of the handles may be held, as in full or dotted lines, Fig. 1, according to the particular work being done with the knife, or whether the workman is right or left handed.

A drawing- knife with the handle as in dotted lines may easily be used to hew or chip a piece of wood.

It is herein assumed that the handle of a drawing-knife has been fitted to a rounded end of a blade, so as to turn thereon, and project from the blade at right angles to its edge or face or back, the handle in such plan turning on an axis parallel with the length of the blade rather than at right angles thereon, as herein provided for.

It is obvious the screw might be attached to the blade, and be made to project through an opening in the handle; but this plan is not liked as well as its converse. (Shown in Fig. 1.)

The handles, constructed as shown, may be turned just opposite the full-line position of Fig. 1, and then the blade may be pushed with its cutting-edge as in advance.

I denominate the screw and nut as “holding devices.”

I claim —

As an improved article of manufacture, a drawing-knife composed of a blade and a movable handle, provided with a scat portion, c, and bearings or lugs f f, to confine the flattened ends of the blade when the handle projects from the blade in the direction of its width or in the direction of its length, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES SPRING.

Witnesses:
G. W. GREGORY,
N. E. WHITNEY.

No. 213,104 – Improvement In Lubricators (Edward F. Gordon) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”301″]213104

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

EDWARD F. GORDON, OF CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND JOHN A. WHITE, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN LUBRICATORS.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 213,104, dated March 11, 1879; application filed January 17, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD F. GORDON, of Concord, in the county of Merrimack and State of New Hampshire, have invented a new and Improved Lubricator, of which the following is a specification:

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a plane having my improved lubricating device attached. Fig. 2 is a face view of the same. Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion of a planer-bed containing my improvement. Fig. 4 is a transverse section taken on line x x in Fig. 3.

My invention relates to lubricators for hand-planes and the beds of planers, molding and scraping machines, or for other metallic surfaces requiring lubrication.

The invention consists in holes or cavities formed in the surface to be lubricated, said cavities being filled with wood or other unyielding porous material saturated with oil. The cavities are either wholly filled with wood or partly filled, so as to leave a chamber for containing oil.

This improvement is especially designed for lubricating metallic surfaces that are moved over wood surfaces, or over which wood surfaces are moved, in the processes of wood-working.

Referring to the drawings, A is an ordinary iron hand smoothing-plane, in the face of which a recess or cavity, b, is formed, into which is driven a piece of wood or other suitable porous material, c, which partly fills it, leaving the chamber c’ for containing oil. The grain of the wood runs at right angles to the face of the plane, so that the capillary tubes of the wood may draw from the oil-chamber a suflicient quantity of oil to constantly lubricate the face of the plane or the surface upon which the plane is moved, thereby obviating the sticking and friction which are common to metallic planes. The upper wall of the oil-chamber is apertured and provided with a screw-plug, d, for the purpose of filling.

In Figs. 3 and 4, B represents a portion of the bed or presser-bar of a planing, sticking, or scraping machine, in which there is an oil-chamber, C. In the upper surface of the bed there are slots e, that communicate with the oil-chamber C. In these slots pieces of wood f are driven, so that the grain is at right angles to the face of the bed, and their upper ends are even with the face of the bed, while their lower ends extend downward and dip into the oil contained by the chamber C. The oil-chamber is provided with a filling-aperture, g, which is closed by a screw-plug, h.

In some cases the oil-saturated wooden plugs or pieces may entirely fill the cavities in the surface to which the lubricator is applied, as the wood will contain a sufficient quantity of oil to lubricate the surface for a considerable time.

I do not limit or confine my improvement to any particular form or proportions, nor to its application to any special tool or machine, as it may he made in various forms, and is applicable to tools and machines of every sort in which wood is moved in contact with a metallic surface, or the metallic surface is moved in contact with the wood, in the processes of wood-working. It may also be applied with advantage to metal-working machines and to metal surfaces working in contact.

I am aware that it is not new to fill recesses in the faces of planers with wood or soap-stone and without any lubricant; also, that it is not new to use a reservoir filled with oil that is fed by a wick or leather conductor; but the latter soon exhausts the oil and soils the stock that is being worked. Mine, on the contrary, always presents a hard, smooth surface, and feeds just a sufficient trace of oil to lubricate without soiling the stock; hence,

What I claim is —

The combination, in wood-working machinery, of the oil-reservoir b and the wooden plug c, the latter having its grain at right angles to the working-face of the planer, scraper, or molder, as shown and described.

EDWARD F. GORDON.

Witnesses:
GEORGE H. MILLS,
CHAS. H. BUXTON.

No. 212,986 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (Louis C. Rodier) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”300″]212986

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

LOUIS C. RODIER, OF WESTFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, TO LAFLIN MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 212,986, dated March 4, 1879; application filed December 9, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS C. RODIER, of Westfield, county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Bench-Planes, which improvements are fully set forth in the annexed specification and in the accompanying drawings.

My improvements relate to metallic bench-planes; and my invention consists in an improved knife-carriage, pivoted between the side walls of the stock, improved devices for operating the knife-carriage and knife to govern the depth of the cut, an improved construction and arrangement of parts whereby the operator can, without removing the plane from the board, and by the use of the fingers of the hand grasping the rear handle of plane, reduce the thickness of the shaving from that of a jack-plane to that of a smoothing-plane.

Referring to the drawings, which consist of two sheets and eight figures, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of my plane. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the knife-carriage and its operating-cam, showing its relative position to the hand of the operator while grasping the rear handle of the plane. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the knife-clamp and its set-screw. Fig. 4 is a view of the cam which actuates the knife-carriage, and the rear arm of the latter. Fig. 5 is a transverse section through the stock on the line x x, Fig. 1, showing the latter and the rear end of the carriage. Fig. 6 is a plan view of that portion of the stock embracing the throat thereof, with the carriage and trunnion-bar. Fig. 7 is a plan view of the face of the stock. Fig. 8 is a view partly of a side elevation and partly in section, showing a modified construction of the knife-rest.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the different figures.

A is the stock. B is the knife-carriage. c is a carriage-spring. d is the trunnion-bar. b is a cam-shaft support. e is a spoked cam-shaft wheel. i is the cam-shaft. o is the cam. h is a knife-brace on carriage B. n n’ are hooked arms on carriage B. D is the knife-clamp. s is the knife-clamp screw. t t are ears on the knife-clamp. m is the throat of the plane. a’ is the rear end of carriage B, under I cam o. z is a screw in trunnion-bar, d. K is the knife. H, Fig. 8, is a knife-rest just back of throat m.

I cast my plane-stock and fit to it the usual handle and front knob. Just forward of the handle I cast a cam-shaft support, b, into which I fit a cam-shaft, i, and secure to its rear upper end a wheel, e, and to its lower end cam o. Through the sides of stock A, opposite each other, I drill two holes for the reception of trunnion-shaft d. Carriage B is made to it between the sides of stock A, back of throat m, as shown, and is drilled so that it may be mounted on trunnion-bar d in its place in stock A, and is provided with a vertical knife-brace, h, and a rearwardly-projecting arm, a’, under cam o, and its sides rise up and turning backward form hook-shaped arms n n’.

Trunnion-shaft d has its ends and its center turned of about equal diameters; but between its center and the sides of the carriage B its diameter is reduced, so that its diameter centrally between said sides is the greatest. Thus fitted and arranged, carriage B and trunnion-bar d are placed in stock A, and said carriage has a vibratory motion therein, pivoted on said bar d.

In Fig. 5 it will be seen that the interior of stock A is made with its bottom the highest in the middle at the place there shown. The rear end of carriage B reaches over said highest part, and lying under said carriage, its sides resting on the ends thereof, is a spring, c, having a bearing midway between its ends on said highest part of the bottom of stock A, as seen in Fig. 5.

Knife-clamp D is made of the form shown, being of the same width as the distance between the sides of carriage B, provided with projecting ears t t on its edges and a set-screw, s, through its upper end.

When knife K is put into the plane its lower end bearing just above its cutting-edge rests upon the center of trunnion-bar d, with its cutting-end in the throat m of the stock, and just above, it finds a bearing on knife-brace h. Knife-clamp D is now placed on top of knife K, and slid down until its ears t t engage under the hooked arms n n’ on carriage B. In this position set-screw s is turned down against knife K. Ears t t now become a fulcrum on which clamp D bears upwardly, restrained by hooked arms n n’. This throws the lower end of the clamp strongly against the knife near its cutting-edge, clamping its lower end firmly between the end of said clamp and the center of trunnion-bar d, and pressing its part under screw s firmly against brace h, and thus rigidly locking the knife to the carriage.

My improved plane is adjusted and operated as follows: When the knife is put in as above described, the cam o is turned by wheel e, so as to depress arm a’ on carriage B and the rear end of said carriage against spring c, under it, as low as it will go. With the carriage in this position knife K is locked thereon, as just described, with its cutting-edge in throat m just flush with the face of the plane-stock. Knife-clamp D is truly fitted to carriage B, so that its lower edge, when in operating position in carriage B, is at right angles to a longitudinal center-line through the plane. Knife K, it will be seen, has a rear support only on its longitudinal center-line, touching on the center of the elliptic-shaped bar d and on the narrow end of knife-brace h, on carriage B. Thus the knife is forced by operating-screw s against it, to adjust itself to the position of the knife-clamp D, which, being true, as stated, causes the edge of the knife to be truly brought into place in the throat m. Knife K being adjusted, as above stated, the handle of the plane is grasped by the operator, as shown in Fig. 2, and the plane is applied to its work.

It will be seen that the knife guiding cam-wheel is in such convenient form and position relative to the plane-handle that the operator can vary the depth of the cut even from one end of it to the other, and by turning wheel e and cam o to the left the rear end of carriage B rises, forced up by spring c, swinging on trunnion-bar d, and carrying with it in such motion knife K, which, in this position, operates something like a lever whose short arm is below the center of bar d, and whose long arm is represented by that part of it above said bar.

It is easily understood that the elevation of the part of knife K above bar d and the consequent depression of the lower end of the knife increases the depth of the out that the plane will make, and vice versa. It will also be seen that all of the points of resistance which support the knife against the force of the cut are solid and unyielding, and that the devices for governing the cut are so constructed and applied that the operator may commence with a deep heavy cut against the grain of hard tough wood, and while planing gradually elevate the edge of the knife by turning wheel e and cam o to the right until he produces the smooth fine shaving of a smoothing-plane. The cutting-edge of the knife is so backed up close to its end by bar d that the knife cannot chatter under any circumstances.

The devices for securing the knife to the carriage are such that it is not necessary that a specially-constructed knife be used with this plane; and if it be necessary from any cause to use an unusually thin knife, I have provided a means for compensating therefor in the screw z, placed at the bearing-point thereon in bar d, Fig. 6, which, in such an emergency, may be turned out of said bar far enough to cause the edge of such a knife to assume its proper position in throat m.

In case it may be desirable to modify the construction of my plane by omitting to extend bar d quite across the stock from side to side, substituting therefor short trunnion-bearings reaching just through the sides of the stock and of the carriage, I have provided a center-rest, H, Fig. 8, for the knife, cast on the stock about where the center of bar d would come.

For the purpose of tightening and strengthening the sides of the stock, I cast it with vertical grooves therein, as shown in Fig. 8.

In Fig. 7 it will be seen that I cast sinuous grooves in the face of stock A, running longitudinally thereon. The general object of such or straight grooves — viz., to prevent the adhesion of the plane to a very smooth surface — is well understood, and to accomplish that object straight grooves are sufficient; but in using a plane so made it is found that in planing the sharp corner of a board the corner will often drop into one of the grooves, and thus become scraped and injured; but if the face be corrugated with sinuous grooves, as shown, this inconvenience is entirely obviated.

I am aware that it is not new to construct a metallic plane-stock having a knife-carriage pivoted within its sides, and I do not broadly claim a plane so constructed; but

What I claim as my invention is —

1. The plane-stock A, provided with the cam-shaft support b, in combination with cam o, shaft i, wheel e, knife-carriage B, trunnion-bar d, and spring c, constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with carriage B, provided with hooked arms n n’ and the knife-brace h, of the elliptically-shaped trunnion-bar d, knife K, and knife-clamp D, provided with screw S, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a plane-stock provided with a vibratory knife- carriage, the knife K, arranged to have its rear support on said carriage, substantially on the longitudinal center-line of the knife, with the cutting-end of the knife resting on and supported bythe axial pivot of the carriage.

4. The combination of spring c, carriage B, and cam o, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

LOUIS C. RODIER.

In presence of–
WM. H. CHAPIN,
H. A. CHAPIN.

No. 211,852 – Improvement In Planes (Andrew Johnson) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”299″]211852

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

ANDREW JOHNSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 211,852, dated February 4, 1879; application filed November 14, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANDREW JOHNSON, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Planes, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, illustrating my improvement.

The present invention relates to an improvement in joiners’ planes; and the nature of the present invention consists in the novel means for combining the plane bit and stock, whereby a non-slotted bit is held in place by compression of a cap, which is brought with proper force on the bit by means of bolts secured to the sides of the stock. The compressing-plate has side eyes, through which the said bolts pass, and turned onto the bolts are thumb-screws, which may be loosened to move the bit to any desired feed, as the whole is to be hereinafter fully described and shown.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal central section of a smoothing-plane provided with my improvement; Fig. 2, a plan or top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a top view of the bit-cap removed from the other parts. Fig. 4 is an inverted view of the compressing-plate; Fig. 5, an elevation of one of the screw-bolts removed from its position in the stock. Fig. 6 is an enlarged broken central longitudinal section, being an enlargement of the middle portion of Fig. 1; Fig. 7, a transverse section of the plane, taken through x x, also enlarged.

A represents the plane-stock, which has the ordinary construction, and B is an ordinary non-slotted bit, which is fitted on the base of the throat of the stock, as in other planes in the state of the art, there being, however, no key-seats for a wedge.

The cap C is provided with a slot, the margins of which are formed to countersink in the ordinary manner the nut F, which is turned on the screw G, or receives it, that the clamping-plate H and cap C may be rigidly united when required. The upper side of the cap, and surrounding the slot D, is provided with a projection, E, which fits into a recess, L, in the plate H, and insures a true movement of the cap to or from the edge of the bit. The cap C is also provided with notches I on its top side and near its upper end, in which may be inserted a screw-driver or other tool to set the cap from the edge of the bit, the cap being set to the edge of the bit by hammer-blows on the head J.

The plate H is provided with pipe-eyes N N on its sides, which are located so as to pass over screw-bolts O. These bolts are inserted in the margins of the throat of the stock, and the holes in the plane through which they are inserted are plugged.

Thumb-nuts P, turned onto the upper end of the screw-bolts, hold the plate H, cap C, and bit B firmly in the stock.

Rubber pipes or rubber strips R, are placed around the screw-bolts O, for the purpose of raising the cap C from the bit when the thumb-nuts P are loosened, that the bit B may be adjusted, the rubber coming high enough on the bolts to accomplish this purpose by pressing against the under ends of the pipe-eyes N.

By this means non-slotted bits can be used with the advantage of a cap without the objection to the slot, which renders the bit useless when it is worn to the slot, and at the same time the bit C can be removed from or inserted in the throat at the face of the plane, and thus obviate the drilling of the bit by its contact with the cap, as when the bit is inserted in the top of the stock.

I also make plane spoke-shaves on this principle, and they have the same advantages as herein related in reference to the plane; and I also attach my device to planes having other forms and lengths, and they also operate in a superior manner.

I claim as new —

1. The combination of the bit B, cap C, compression-plate H, screw-bolts O, thumb-nuts P, and stock A, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The rubber R, in combination with bolts O, stock A, thumb-nuts P, bit B, cap C, and plate H, provided with eyes N, as and for the purpose described.

ANDREW JOHNSON.

Witnesses:
A. G. MOREY,
G. L. CHAPIN.

No. 211,516 – Improvement In Bench-Planes (James H. Lewis) (1879)

[paiddownloads id=”298″]211516

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

_________________

JAMES H. LEWIS, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF HIS RIGHT TO GEORGE H. STELLWAGEN, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BENCH-PLANES.

_________________

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 211,516, dated January 21, 1879; application filed September 18, 1878.

_________________

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES H. LEWIS, of Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented an Improvement in Bench-Tools,of which the following is a specification:

The nature of my invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in hand or bench tools of the plane class, and is particularly designed for use in sticking a bead or molding upon circle or irregular work.

The invention consists in a double-faced plane-stock, in which are removably secured proper heads, carrying the cutting-blades, all as more fully hereinafter set forth.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved device ready for use. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of one of the cutter-heads removed. Fig. 3 is a bottom plan of the same, and Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section on the line x x in Fig. 2.

In the accompanying drawing, which forms a part of this specification, A represent a metallic stock with the plane-faces d, in which are cut proper openings to receive the heads and cutters, hereinafter described. B represent cutter-heads provided with throats. Upon these heads B are removably secured the blades C, which are held in position by means of the plates D and screws b, or in any other suitable manner. Adjustably secured to one side of the heads B are spur-blades E, which cut the straight side of the channel in a beading.

Extending downward from the faces of the heads B are two ribs, F G, the latter of which is oval in longitudinal section, while the inner face of the former has a contour corresponding to the cutting-edge of the blade C, which passes through it, and which produces the molding desired. The faces of these ribs are formed in the segment of a given circle. When the heads are placed in the stock, they are held in position by buttons H, or other suitable means.

In practice, when it is desired to cut a bead or molding upon the inner edge of an arch or circle, the device is placed to its work, so as to cut with the grain, the rib G following the line of the edge of the board, while the blade C and spur-blade E cut the inner half of the bead and channel. To cut the remaining half of the bead, the device is reversed or turned over, and the other head used, as the nature of the work may require, so that the cut will always be with the grain.

While the ribs F G are formed in the segment of a given circle, the device is by no means limited to work in such circle, but can be used in work the radii of which is greater or upon straight work.

The heads carrying the cutting-blades may be constructed to out different sizes, and be interchangable, using but one stock for a set of heads.

What I claim as my invention is —

1. The double-faced triangular stock A, having the cutter-heads B on opposite sides, and the cutters C E, adjustably secured in such heads, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. A bench-tool for cutting circular or irregular moldings, consisting of a double-faced triangular stock, A, cutter-heads B on opposite sides of said stock interchangeably held therein, cutters C E adjustably secured in such cutter-heads, guide-ribs E G, and button H, for holding the cutter-heads in position, all substantially as described and shown.

JAMES H. LEWIS.

Witnesses:
H. S. SPRAGUE,
A. BARTHEL.